Step 1 Understanding the Situations

Tools: 5M (Man, Money, Machine, Materials, Methods),

5W+H (What, Where, When, Who, Why, How)

Boundaries: How systems interacts with its environments?

Where? When? If I use helicopter views, can it be
expanded/reduced? Is there frictions (problems) in the
boundaries border? Who is involved I this problems?

Emergence/Holistic Properties: What can we expect the

systems characteristics/properties when its working well? At
what conditions that this usually or can be occur?

Purpose: what is the purpose of the systems? It is known

clear enough by the components? Are they multiple goals?

Feedback and Control Mechanism: Is there signs of

connections (feedbacks, meeting, information
sharing, shared responsibilities) on each component?
How the feedbacks are induced, collected and
handled?

Dynamics Dimensions: If we change the context, does

the systems changes (goals, boundaries, emergence
properties or feedback mechanism)? At what
dimensions the most changes occurs in the systems?
 Step 2 Rich Picture

Tips:
Elemes that shoulfdbe drawn:
Structure - formal organization, physical aspects etc.
Processes - tasks and activities
How structure and process interact
Hard and soft aspects - facts and opinions
Social roles - formal and informal; conflict
Climate and context - environment
The role of the analyst / facilitator
 Step 3: Root Definition

RD has 2 parts:
1. Starts by defining the ideal system that transforms an
input to serve a purpose or creating output. A minimum RD
consist of

A System to <serve a purpose that is based on certain point

of view> by doing a certain <process of Transformation>

2. CATWOE Explanation. An RD than should be

accompanied with a CATWOE of the definition.
• Customers whom (or what) benefits from this transformation
• Actors who facilitates the transformation to these customers (who)
• Transformation from “start” to “finish” (What)
• Weltanschauung/Worldview What is the view which makes the
transformation worthwhile
• Owner to whom the “system” is answerable and could stop the
system from functioning
• Environment constraints (elements outside the system which are
taken as given, but nevertheless affect its behavior)

Iteratively using CATWOE with the original RD Definitions

you could have a complete RD definition:
A system owned by <Owner> to <serve a purpose that is
based on certain point of view - Weltanschaung> by doing a
certain <process of Transformation>, given the constraints
of the <Environment>, in order to satisfy the <Customer>

Step 4: Model RD1 Drawings

We are now Drawing the ideal sub-processes that must exist

in the system so the system can achieve its ideal state, and
how the relations between sub-processes. Checkland Tips:

 Write the activities derive from the

transformation part of the CATWOE (around 7
activities)
 Identify the need for connection and interdependence
that must occurs between process, and draw arrows to
connect the,
 Root Definitions 1
C

E ( ). Control dan Revise

1. When done, always add these 3 Subsistem (1) Define

Measures and Performances (2) Monitor, (3) Control
and Revise, dan bagaimana mendefinisikan kinerja ()
( ). Monitor
( ). Define Measures and Performanc
 Step 3: Root Definition

RD has 2 parts:
1. Starts by defining the ideal system that transforms an
input to serve a purpose or creating output. A minimum RD
consist of

A System to <serve a purpose that is based on certain point

of view> by doing a certain <process of Transformation>

2. CATWOE Explanation. An RD than should be

accompanied with a CATWOE of the definition.
• Customers whom (or what) benefits from this transformation
• Actors who facilitates the transformation to these customers (who)
• Transformation from “start” to “finish” (What)
• Weltanschauung/Worldview What is the view which makes the
transformation worthwhile
• Owner to whom the “system” is answerable and could stop the
system from functioning
• Environment constraints (elements outside the system which are
taken as given, but nevertheless affect its behavior)

Iteratively using CATWOE with the original RD Definitions

you could have a complete RD definition:
A system owned by <Owner> to <serve a purpose that is
based on certain point of view - Weltanschaung> by doing a
certain <process of Transformation>, given the constraints
of the <Environment>, in order to satisfy the <Customer>

Step 4: Model RD1 Drawings

We are now Drawing the ideal sub-processes that must exist

in the system so the system can achieve its ideal state, and
how the relations between sub-processes. Checkland Tips:

 Write the activities derive from the

transformation part of the CATWOE (around 7
activities)
 Identify the need for connection and interdependence
that must occurs between process, and draw arrows to
connect the,
 Root Definitions 2
C

E ( ). Control dan Revise

2. When done, always add these 3 Subsistem (1) Define

Measures and Performances (2) Monitor, (3) Control
and Revise, dan bagaimana mendefinisikan kinerja ()
( ). Monitor
( ). Define Measures and Performanc
 Root Definitions 3
Step 3: Root Definition
C
RD starts by describing the ideal system that serves
A
a purpose . This is done by creating a statement of
the systems purpose by exploring CATWOE
T

A System owned by O to do W by A by means of T given the

W
constraints of E in order to achieve X for C.
O
Can be seen as:
Who (A) is doing What (T) owned by Whom (O) and to E
Whom (C) are they answerable, Why (W) are they doing it
and in what Environment (E) is it happening

Evaluate by asking this questions

 What different ways are there to comprehend this
situation ?
 Within that perspective who could be doing what for
whom with what assumptions in which kind of
environment?
CATWOE:
• Customers whom (or what) benefits from this transformation
• Actors who facilitates the transformation to these customers (who)
• Transformation from “start” to “finish” (What)
• Weltanschauung what gives the transformation some meaning.
(Why)
• Owner to whom the “system” is answerable and could stop the
system from functioning
• Environment constraints (elements outside the system which are
taken as given, but nevertheless affect its behavior)

Step 4: Model RD1 Drawings

We are now Drawing the ideal sub-processes that must exist

in the system so the system can achieve its ideal state, and
how the relations between sub-processes. Checkland Tips:

 Write the activities derive from the

( ). Control dan Revise
transformation part of the CATWOE (around 7
activities)
 Identify the need for connection and interdependence
that must occurs between process, and draw arrows to
connect the,

3. Redrawdone,
When the arrow
always add these 3 Subsistem (1) Define ( ). Monitor
Measures and Performances (2) Monitor, (3) Control ( ). Define Measures and Performan
and Revise, dan bagaimana mendefinisikan kinerja ()
Step 5: Gap Analysis using E3
Create the Improvement Table
The first part if any the component must be improved and the second part if connections must be improved

E1: Efficacy: Does the activity actually work? Does it achieve it purpose? Do the activities which transform inputs produce the required outputs?
E2: Efficiency: How many/much resources activity consumes? Does the transformation take place as economically as possible - i.e. with the minimum of resources?
E3: Effectiveness: Does the activity the right thing to be doing? Os this done in such a way that the long-term survival of the system is secured?

Activities Exist? Yes/No How is its E3 Measurement Criteria Ideas for Improvement

1. ----------------

2. ---------------

3. ----------------

Activities
Connection
1 2

1 4
 Step 7: Laksanakan Perbaikan
Step 6: Identify Solutions and Prioritize
Social Systems Analysis
(Part 1)

FORCES SUPPORTING INTERVENTION FORCES AGAINST INTERVENTION

Intervention Types Analysis
the owner can take actions? Does he/she understand the situation? What level of intervention is
needed (individual, groups, organization) Gunakan
Stream Analysis (merancang aktivitas intervensi dan memberikan gambaran
tentang apa saja yang harus dilakukan dan dibedakan secara 3 bagian, yaitu (H)
aspek interaksi manusia (human interaction), (S)
struktur, dan (P) kondisi fisik dan aspek lain seperti (T)
teknologi)

Social System Analysis

Apakah ada benturan dengan norma yang ada, apakah ada
peran sosial yang kuat yang perlu diperhitungkan selain peran
formal organisasi. Gambarkan Force
Field Analysis.

lysis
ower dan politics yang mungkin mendorong dan menghambat. (Gambarkan PowerGramnya)
 Step 6: Identify Solutions and Prioritize
Intervention
(Part 2) Types Analysis with Stream Analysis

Human Processes Intervention

Intervention Types Analysis Physical Environment Structural Change Intervention Technology or
the owner can take actions? Does he/she understand the situation? What level of intervention is Intervention Other ( )
needed (individual, groups, organization) Gunakan Intervention
Stream Analysis (merancang aktivitas intervensi dan memberikan gambaran
tentang apa saja yang harus dilakukan dan dibedakan secara 3 bagian, yaitu (H)
aspek interaksi manusia (human interaction), (S)
struktur, dan (P) kondisi fisik dan aspek lain seperti (T)
teknologi)

Social System Analysis

Apakah ada benturan dengan norma yang ada, apakah ada
peran sosial yang kuat yang perlu diperhitungkan selain peran
formal organisasi. Gambarkan Force
Field Analysis.

lysis
ower dan politics yang mungkin mendorong dan menghambat. (Gambarkan PowerGramnya)
 Step 6: Identify Solutions and Prioritize
Political
(Part 3) Analysis with Powergram

Intervention Types Analysis

the owner can take actions? Does he/she understand the situation? What level of intervention is
needed (individual, groups, organization) Gunakan
Stream Analysis (merancang aktivitas intervensi dan memberikan gambaran
tentang apa saja yang harus dilakukan dan dibedakan secara 3 bagian, yaitu (H)
aspek interaksi manusia (human interaction), (S)
struktur, dan (P) kondisi fisik dan aspek lain seperti (T)
teknologi)

Social System Analysis

Apakah ada benturan dengan norma yang ada, apakah ada
peran sosial yang kuat yang perlu diperhitungkan selain peran
formal organisasi. Gambarkan Force
Field Analysis.

lysis
ower dan politics yang mungkin mendorong dan menghambat. (Gambarkan PowerGramnya)
 Step 6: Identify Solutions and Prioritize
Recommended Activities Based on the Previous 3 Analysis and Why
(Part 4)

N Aktivitas Alasan Kesimpulan dari 3 Analysis Sebelumnya

Intervention Types Analysis
o
the owner can take actions? Does he/she understand the situation? What level of intervention is
1
needed (individual, groups, organization) Gunakan
Stream Analysis (merancang aktivitas intervensi dan memberikan gambaran
tentang apa saja yang harus dilakukan dan dibedakan secara 3 bagian, yaitu (H)
aspek interaksi manusia (human interaction), (S)
2
struktur, dan (P) kondisi fisik dan aspek lain seperti (T)
teknologi)

Social System Analysis

3
Apakah ada benturan dengan norma yang ada, apakah ada
peran sosial yang kuat yang perlu diperhitungkan selain peran
formal organisasi. Gambarkan Force
Field Analysis.
4

lysis
ower dan politics yang mungkin mendorong dan menghambat. (Gambarkan PowerGramnya)
9

10
 Step 6: Identify Solutions and Prioritize
(Part 4)

Prioritize with

1. Impact Analysis: (Revenue Growth, Cost Reduction,

Capital Reduction, Key Business Objectives, On Time
Delivery, Lead Time, Quality, Customer Satisfaction)
2. Effort required: People Resources, Capital Resources,
Duration of Project
3. Risk - Probability of success: Technical Risk (Data
available, Knowledge of process), Management Risk
(Aligned with objectives, Support by Key Actors)
4. Tabel or Graphics of Impact vs. Risk vs. Effort

Project Information Impact Effort Risk

Duration of Project
People Resources

Capital Resources

Management Risk
Capital Reduction
Revenue Growth

Cost Reduction

Technical Risk
Quality

Total Effort

Total Risk
Lead Time

Mfg
(M)
Customer Satisfaction

or
Admin
# (A) Project Description
Variable weightings 20% 15% 10% 15% 20% 5% 5% 10% 100% 50% 20% 30% 100% 40% 60% 100%
1 A Customer Billing Errors 0 2 0 4 4 2 2 5 2.4 2 1 3 2.1 1 4 2.8
2 M Warranty
scrap warranty vs sales 0 2 0 1 1 0 3 3 1.1 4 4 5 4.3 4 2 2.8
3 A Vendor Delivery Performance 0 2 2 2 5 4 3 0 2.2 1 1 3 1.6 1 2 1.6
4 M On Time Shipping Performance 2 1 2 4 5 0 1 5 2.9 4 1 2 2.8 1 3 2.2
Hiring and Retention
5 A 20% - 24% Turnover
0 3 0 2 1 0 3 2 1.3 3 2 4 3.1 1 4 2.8

New Product Development Cycle

Time 3 4 2 5 3 3 4 5 3.6 5 3 5 4.6 5 5 5.0
6 A

Manufacturing Maintenance 0 3 0 1 2 3 1 0 1.2 1 4 1 1.6 1 1 1.0

M
7 Tooling Maintenance 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0.7 1 0 2 1.1 1 1 1.0
8 A Day Sales Outstanding (DSO) 4 4 2 5 4 4 5 5 4.1 2 1 1 1.5 2 1 1.4
9 M FTY of 65% on product 123

Project Risk =
Ranking Ball Size n
Project Number

4 9
6

3 4
Impact

1
3
2

7 5
2
1 8

0
1 2 3 4 5
Effort