Grammar Sheet

Conditional sentences
Conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English as a second language.

Watch out:

1. Which type of conditional sentences is it?

2. Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)?

There are three types of conditional sentences.

type condition

I condition possible to fulfill

II condition in theory possible to fulfill

III condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

1. Form

type if-clause main clause

will-future or (Modal +
I Simple Present
infinitive)

II Simple Past would + infinitive *

III Past Perfect would + have + past participle *

2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

type if clause main clause

I If I study, I will pass the exam.

II If I studied, I would pass the exam.

III If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

3. Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)

type   Examples

    long forms short/contracted forms

+ If I study, I will pass the exam. If I study, I'll pass the exam.

I
If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I study, I won't fail the exam.
-
If I do not study, I will fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.

+ If I studied, I would pass the exam. If I studied, I'd pass the exam.

II
If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam.
-
If I did not study, I would fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.

If I had studied, I would have passed the

+ If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.
exam.

III
If I had studied, I would not have failed the If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the
exam. exam.
-
If I had not studied, I would have failed the If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the
exam. exam.
 1. If I____________________ this homework to do, I would have gone out with my friends.
2. She_____________________ by train if she could drive.
3. They________________ for a walk if it wasn't raining.
4. If I____________________him, I wouldn't have quit my job until I'd found another.
5. If they___________________ so much, they wouldn't feel ill now.
6. You________________________so tired if you'd gone to bed earlier.
7. _______________________ to Germany next month if he'd got the job.
8. If we______________________the lottery last night, we'd be rich .

9. Complete com o tempo verbal adequado do verbo entre parêntese:

a) They’ll stop talking if you _______________ them to.(to ask)

b) If you had told me, I _______________ you. (to help)

c) If you _______________ smart, you would buy that house. (to be)

01. His flowers _______________ better if he a) leave

_______________ them more carefully. b) had left
c) lived
a) would grow – waters. d) will leave
b) would have grown – had watered e) left
c) would have grow – watered
d) will grow – watered 06. If he _________ thirsty, he’d have drunk
e) will grew – will water some water.

02. Those students _______________ if they a) was

_______________ hard. b) had been
c) were
a) will succeed – work d) would
b) succeed – will work e) is
c) succeeded – had worked
d) will succeeded – worked 07. If Ted ________ another sandwich, he’ll be
e) n.d.a. sick.

03. If _______________, you’d have had a good a) eat

time. b) will
c) ate
a) you go d) had eaten
b) you’d gone e) eats
c) you were gone
d) you was gone 08. If she _______________, I’d have known it.
e) you went
a) had arrived
04. I _______________ have gone if I b) would had arrived
_______________ received your letter. c) would arrive
d) will arrive
a) could – have e) has arrived
b) would – had
c) would – have 09. No one ________ you if you’d not shouted.
d) would – did
e) could – did a) will hear
b) wouldn’t have heard
c) would hear
05. You’d catch the train if you _____ earlier. d) hear
e) would have heard