LECTURE 5 COMPUTER

MODELLING & VISUALIZATION

PART 1 CONTENT
PURPOSE OF MODELLING
TYPES OF MODELLING
COMPLEXITY
MODEL SIZE
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
SOFTWARE SOLUTION
IPD, IDD
MODELING DECISION FACTORS
The following factors primarily influence the successful modeling
Approach:
• Purpose of the model
• Complexity
• Model size
• Hardware

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Characteristics:
• Not necessary to model the entire building
• Only the elements of the actual view need to be shown
• Level of modeling detail should depend on the image quality and
the distance from the camera
• Correct texture coordination and lighting is essential
• High modeling accuracy is not required in most cases

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• Modeling for construction coordination is a relatively new
phenomenon in the building industry.

• The concept behind this approach is that assigning time (4D)

and to the three dimensional BIM model allows the construction
cost information (5D) companies to better coordinate the
building process and manage the costs and resources over the
course of the project.
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Features:
• Time and cost information is attached to the BIM
model by linking schedules and estimating recipes (5D)
• The main purpose of the 3D model is to calculate the
exact quantities of materials and to identify any
conflicts or collisions in the construction.
• Elements of composite building structures can be
described in estimating recipes instead of modeling
them in 3D
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VIRTUAL CONSTRUCTION MODEL
• A single object in a construction model, for example a column, is connected to estimating
recipes that describe the methods and resources used to build the column.

• Each recipe stores a series of methods. Most building objects are built at multiple stages.

• The methods represent a separate work activity. Each method requires a series of resources
including manpower, machinery and materials.

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 MODEL COMPLEXITY
• Naturally, more sophisticated structures results bigger and more
complex models. Contemporary architecture is keen on using
freeform shapes and custom building elements.

• This kind of architectural freedom requires advanced computer

modeling techniques, cutting-edge software and very precise modeling
coordination.

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COMPLEXITY
There are three golden rules that have to be considered when modeling such
extraordinary structures:

• Simplify
The level of detail shouldn’t exceed the requirements

• Divide
Split the project into smaller, logical parts and share it with the project team
members

• Use the appropriate software and hardware

Usually, there is no out-of-the-box solution. Combination of several
applications for the best results. Using the best available hardware is highly
recommended.
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MODEL SIZE
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MODEL SIZE

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MODEL SIZE

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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

MYBIM CENTRE
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SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS

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SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS

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COMPUTER MODELING TECHNIQUES

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COMPUTER MODELING TECHNIQUES

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COMPUTER MODELING TECHNIQUES

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FILE EXCHANGE AND COMPATIBILITY

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INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY (IPD)

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INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY (IPD)

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INTEGRATED DIGITAL DELIVERY (IDD)

IDD builds on the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Virtual
Design and Construction (VDC), which have been implemented in many projects
over the past few years.

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INTEGRATED DIGITAL DELIVERY (IDD)
Areas covered by IDD
IDD covers the following four areas:

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PART 2 COMPUTER VISUALIZATION
PART 2 CONTENT
History

Computer Visualization Methods

Visualization Workflow

Technology Background
 „Computer Graphics”
term used first
1960

First Video Game

Mouse invented

Hidden Line Algorithm

Goraud Shading
TECHNOLOGY TIMELINE
1970

Phong Shading

Bump mapping

http://accad.osu.edu/~waynec/history/timeline.html
Ray Tracing
1980

CAD forPC

Commercial 3D CAD

Radiosity

Adobe Photoshop

JPEG/MPEG
1990

QuickTime / OpenGL

VRML

XML

AAC
2000

Intel Mac
2010
VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES
Photorealistic images
(rendering)

Artistic images

Interactive virtual
models

Fly through
animations

Sun studies
STANDARD BIM VISUALIZATIONWORKFLOW
BIM APPLICATION

Rendered
Rendering Images
Engine

Animation
Tool Movies
BIM Model

Model
Viewer
Navigable
Models
COMPLEX VISUALIZATION WORKFLOW
External External Rendered
Rendering Image-editing Images
BIM APPLICATION Application Application

External External
Animation Movie-editing Movies
BIM Model Application Application

External Navigable
Model Models
Viewer
PHOTORENDERING

Objective:
Creating photorealistic images, based on the BIM
model, using an internal or external rendering
engine
Modelled with GRAPHISOFT ARCHICAD
and rendered with built-in rendering engine:
Process: CineRender Engine.

1. Modeling
2. Scene layout setup
3. Rendering

NHS office complex by paastudio

2. SCENE LAYOUT SETUP
Global Illumination Surface Catalogs Physical Renderer

IES Lights HDRI Sky Physical Sky

3) RENDERING

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VISUALIZATION DECISIONS

Abstract
• Faster computation
• Low hardware needs
• Strong artistic skills

Fender Katsalidis
Architects
Eureka Tower

Realistic
• Slower computation
• Strong (infinitely) hardware
required
copyright rice daubney (c) 2007
MODELING
Elizabeth Tower
Low poly Andreea Horvath, Kiss Iosif-Andrei

• Abstract geometry
• Details by textures

High poly
• Details modeled
• Enables using realistic
material
• Particles, fur, grass

(c) copyright Blender Foundation | durian.blender.org

TEXTURES AND MATERIALS
Shading model
• Flat, Gouraud, Phong

Simple textures
• Only colors

Complex textures
• Multi-layered colors
• Bump (normal) mapping
• Displace
• Reflecting and refracting
LIGHT SETTINGS
Simple lighting Luxrender
David Bucciarelli
• Based on light direction
• Ambient for shadows
• Diffuse for direct lights
• Specular for glossiness

Complex lighting
• Traces photons
• Indirect illuminations
• Caustics for glossiness
• Volume effects
• Sub Surface Scattering
SHADOWS
Mapped
• Blurry
• Point or parallel lights

Mapped Ray-traced

Ray-traced
• Accurate shadows
• Special lighting shapes

Point light Area light

CAMERA SETTINGS
Projections Anti-aliasing
• Axonometric • Smoothing
• Perspective • Outline edges
• Distorted (Fish eye)

Lens effects
• Depth of Field
• Motion blur
• Glare
NON-PHOTOREALISTIC RENDERINGS
• Creating artistic style images based on the BIM model using special rendering engine and/or photo
editing software

• Process A:
1. Modeling
2. Scene layout setup
3. Non-Photorealistic Rendering

• Process B: 1. Modeling
2. Scene layout setup
3. Photorealistic Rendering
4. Modifying the image in a photo-editing
software NHS office complex by paastudio
NON-PHOTOREALISTIC RENDERINGS
Artistic rendering applications
support various painting styles:

• Pencil

• Ink

• Ball-Pen

• Water-colour

• Oil-colours

Images were made with Piranesi software from Informatix

FLY THROUGH ANIMATIONS

Creating movies of the building along a predefined

camera path, based on the BIM model, using
internal or external animation tools.

Workflow:
1. Modeling
2. Scene layout setup
3. Defining camera path
4. Movie calculation
ANIMATION BASICS
Animation is the optical illusion of a motion, created by the
consecutive display of images of static elements.

In computer animations each frame of the movie is produced

individually by a computer software.

When the frames are strung together there is an illusion of

continuous movement.

Typical Frame rate is 12-25 frames per second.

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SUN STUDIES

The sun study is a special type of computer animation. The objective

of making sun studies is to visualize the natural lighting conditions on
a given location of the building at a particular day of the year. Unlike in
fly through animations the camera position remain stable.

Workflow:
1. Modeling
2.Scene layout setup
3.Day settings
4.Sun study calculation
MODEL VIEWERS
Model Viewers provide a navigable environment to explore 3D
Models without the need of the authoring software they
were created in.

Most model viewers are for coordination or visual purpose and

usually able to provide BIM information in some extent.

Model Viewers provide more freedom for the users in exploring

the building then pre-recorded animations.
 THE END
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