(PDF) a Systematic Review on Β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Free Acid Supplementation Suggests Improvements in Measures of Muscle Recovery, Performance, And Hypertrophy Following Resistance Training

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A systematic review on β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation suggests improvements in measures of muscle recovery, performance, and
hypertrophy following resistance training
July 2017 · Nutrition Research 45

DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.07.008
Authors:
Vagner Ramon Rodrigues Silva Felipe Belozo Thayana O Micheletti Marcelo Conrado de Freitas
24.87 · University of Campinas 6.64 · University of Campinas 14.29 24.38 · Universidade do Oe
Show all 7 authors
Citations (20) References (27) Figures (3)
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Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) has been suggested to accelerate

the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle following high-intensity exercise and attenuate Discover the world's research
markers of skeletal muscle damage. Herein a systematic review on the use of HMB-FA
supplementation as an ergogenic aid to improve measures of muscle recovery, 17+ million
performance, and hypertrophy following resistance training was conducted. This review members
was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- 135+ million
Analyses (PRISMA). We included randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials publications
investigating the effects of HMB-FA supplementation in conjunction with resistance
700k+
exercise in humans. The search was conducted using Medline and Google Scholar
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resistance exercise, strength training, and HMB supplementation. Only research articles
published from 1996 to 2016 in English language were considered for the analysis. Nine
studies met the criteria for inclusion in the analyses. A majority of studies included
resistance-trained men, and the primary intervention strategy involved administration of 3 g
HMB-FA per day. In conjunction with resistance training, HMB-FA supplementation may
attenuate markers of muscle damage, augment acute immune and endocrine responses,
and enhance training-induced muscle mass and strength. HMB-FA supplementation may
also improve markers of aerobic fitness when combined with high-intensity interval
training. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to determine the overall efficacy of HMB-
FA supplementation as an ergogenic aid.
Simplistic Effects of HMB- Effects of HMB-

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N U T R I T I O N R E S E A R C H 4 5 ( 2 0 1 7 ) 1 –9
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Review Article
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid

supplementation may improve recovery and
muscle adaptations after resistance training:
a systematic review
Vagner R. Silva a , Felipe L. Belozo a , Thayana O. Micheletti a , Marcelo Conrado b ,

Jeffrey R. Stout c, Gustavo D. Pimentel d , Adam M. Gonzaleze, ⁎
a
State University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
b
Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University of Sao Paulo, UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
c
Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
d
Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
e
Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Article history: β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid(HMB-FA)hasbeensuggested toacceleratethe regenerative

Received 27 March 2017 capacity of skeletal muscle after high-intensity exercise and attenuate markers of skeletal muscle Adv
Revised 20 July 2017 damage. Herein a systematic review on the use of HMB-FA supplementation as an ergogenic aid to
Accepted 24 July 2017 improve measures of muscle recovery, performance, and hypertrophy after resistance training was
conducted. This review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
Keywords: and Meta-Analyses. We included randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials investigating
HMB free acid the effects of HMB-FA supplementation in conjunction with resistance exercise in humans. The
Supplementation search was conducted using Medline and Google Scholar databases for the terms beta-hydroxy-beta-
Muscle mass methylbutyrate, HMB free acid, exercise, resistance exercise, strength training, and HMB supplementation. Only
Calcium HMB research articles published from 1996 to 2016 in English language were considered for the analysis.
Sports nutrition Nine studies met the criteria for inclusion in the analyses. Most studies included resistance-trained
men, and the primary intervention strategy involved administration of 3 g of HMB-FA per day. In
conjunction with resistance training, HMB-FA supplementation may attenuate markers of muscle
damage, augment acute immune and endocrine responses, and enhance training-induced muscle
mass and strength. HMB-FA supplementation may also improve markers of aerobic fitness when
combined with high-intensity interval training. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to determine
the overall efficacy of HMB-FA supplementation as an ergogenic aid.
© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate; CK, creatine kinase; CR3, complement receptor type 3; CRP, C-reactive protein; CWI, cold
water immersion; GH, growth hormone; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; HMB, β-hydroxy-β-metylbutyrate; HMB-Ca, β-hydroxy -β-
methylbutyrate calcium; HMB-FA, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; MIP-1β, macrophage
inflammatory protein-1β; PWC FT, physical working capacity at the onset of neuromuscular fatigue threshold; TNF-α, tumor necrosis
factor α; V̇O2 peak, maximal oxygen consumption.
⁎ Corresponding author at: Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA. Tel.: +1 516 463 5224.
E-mail address: Adam.Gonzalez@hofstra.edu (A.M. Gonzalez).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2017.07.008
0271-5317/© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
2 N U T R I T I O N R E S E A R C H 4 5 ( 2 0 1 7 ) 1 –9
Article Outline
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
2. Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
2. Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
3. Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
3.1. HMB-FA supplementation on muscle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
3.1.1. Acute effects of HMB-FA supplementation on the resistance exercise–induced response and/ormuscle recovery . . . 0
3.2. HMB-FA supplementation effects on resistance training-induced muscular adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
3.3. HMB-FA supplementation effects on HIIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
4. Future directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
5. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
1. Introduction 120 minutes to reach peak plasma concentrations [10]. In contrast,

when HMB is provided in its free acid form, the absorption rate
Nutritional interventions are a commonly used strategy to enhance seems to be accelerated demonstrating peak plasma concentrations
recovery from exercise, augment body composition, and increase approximately 30 minutes after ingestion [2,10,11]. Furthermore,
performance. Dietary supplementation with the leucine metabolite, compared with HMB-Ca, HMB-FA increased peak plasma HMB
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), has been suggested to acceler- concentration along with an increased plasma clearance rate [12].
ate the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle after high-intensity The greater absorption rate, peak plasma concentration, and
exercise and attenuate markers of skeletal muscle damage [1]. clearance rate are purported to result in greater intramuscular
HMB's mechanisms of action are generally considered to relate to its HMB bioavailability and thus provide a superior, more practical
effect on both muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein stimulus for exercise recovery [2,10].
breakdown (Fig. 1) [2,3]. HMB seems to stimulate muscle protein Exogenous HMB-FA administration has shown to increase
synthesis through an up-regulation ofthe mammalian/mechanistic intramuscular anabolic signaling, stimulate muscle protein synthe-
target of rapamycin complex 1, a signaling cascade involved in sis, and attenuate muscle protein breakdown in humans [2].
coordination of translation initiation of muscle protein synthesis Therefore, the anabolic and anticatabolic properties of HMB-FA
[2,4]. In addition, HMB may have antagonistic effects on the offer an appealing nutritional supplement for athletes participating
ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, a system that degrades intracellular in high-intensity, muscle-damaging exercise. Recently, several
proteins [5,6]. Evidence also suggests that HMB promotes myogenic studies investigated the efficacy of HMB-FA supplementation in
proliferation, differentiation, and cell fusio n [7]. conjunction with resistance training. The purpose of this review was
Most of published research has administered HMB in the form of to perform a systematic analysis on the effects of HMB-FA
calcium HMB (HMB-Ca). Some studies have shown HMB-Ca supplementation with regard to actions on muscle recovery,
supplementation to be associated with greater increases in lean performance, and hypertrophy in humans after resistance training.
body mass, strength, and power in conjunction with a resistance
training program [1], whereas others have shown no effect from 2. Approach
HMB-Ca supplementation [8,9]. Recently, HMB in free acid form
(HMB-FA) has emerged as a novel alternative purported to exert a This systematic review was performed using the Preferred
greater ergogenic effect. Calcium HMB has generally been shown to Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
have a slow rate of appearance taking approximately 60 to This review was registered in PROSPERO on June 28, 2016, and
Fig. 1 – Simplistic overview of HMB-FA's proposed mechanisms of actions on biochemical pathways and muscle cells and
tissues. HMB-FA indicates β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid; mTORC1, mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin
complex 1.
N U T R I T I O N R E S E A R C H 4 5 ( 2 0 1 7 ) 1 –9 3
can be accessed in PROSPERO by the code CRD42016038761. men (Table 2). Two studies investigated the effects of HMB-FA
We included only randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled supplementation on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in
trials investigating the effects of HMB-FA supplementation in recreationally active men and women (Table 3). The primary
conjunction with resistance exercise in humans. The search intervention strategy involved administration of 3 g of HMB-
was conducted using Medline and Google Scholar databases to FA per day. These studies are compiled with details in Tables
identify all relevant articles. Search terms included beta-hydroxy- 1-3 and discussed in this review.
beta-methylbutyrate, HMB free acid, exercise, resistance exercise, strength
training, and HMB supplementation. Studies included were English- 3.1. HMB-FA supplementation on muscle
language, peer-reviewed, randomized controlled trials assessing

the effects of HMB-FA supplementation on measures of muscle 3.1.1. Acute effects of HMB-FA supplementation on the resistance
recovery performance and hypertrophy after resistance training exercise–induced response and/or muscle recovery
recovery, performance, and hypertrophy after resistance training exercise induced response and/or muscle recovery
in healthy men and women.
Download full-text PDF Research articles published
Read full-text from 1996 Several
Download studies have investigated
citation Copy linkthe acute effects of HMB-FA
through 2016 was considered for analysis. The search strategies, supplementation on the resistance exercise–induced re-
along with inclusion and exclusion criteria, are depicted in Fig. 2. sponse and/or muscle recovery [11,13-16]. Two studies have
evaluated the effect of acute HMB-FA supplementation on
markers of muscle damage and subsequent recovery [11,13].
3. Findings Wilson et al [13] reported that short-term supplementation
(2 days; 3 g · d −1) decreased indices of muscle damage after a
In the initial search for the selected terms, 128 articles were high-volume resistance training session. Twenty resistance-
identified. Twenty-nine were excluded because they were trained men were randomly assigned to receive either 3 g · d −1
restricted to animals or not written in English. Of the of HMB-FA or placebo. A 1-g serving was provided 30 minutes
remaining 99 published studies, 9 studies met the criteria for before the high-volume resistance training session, and the
inclusion in the analyses. Five studies investigated the acute remaining 2 servings were provided with lunch and evening
effects of HMB-FA supplementation on the resistance meals. Creatine kinase (CK) increased to a significantly greater
exercise–induced response and/or muscle recovery in extent in the placebo group (329%) compared with the HMB-FA
resistance-trained men (Table 1). Two studies investigated group (104%). Muscle protein breakdown, measured by urinary 3-
the effects of HMB-FA supplementation on resistance methylhistidine/creatinine ratio, remained constant in the placebo
training-induced muscular adaptation in resistance-trained group, while approaching a statistically lower ratio (P = .08) in the
Identification
Studies identified through database searching

(N = 139)
Records screened (N = 128)

Eligibility & Screening
Animal models (N = 24)

Not English language (N = 5)
Abstracts reviewed more closely for eligibility (N = 99)
Not specified either HMB-FA or HMB-Ca (N = 16)

No resistance training (N = 8)
Not associated with theresearch theme (N = 55)
Other types of studies (N = 11)
Included
Studies included in the r eview(N = 9)
Fig. 2 – PRISMA diagram for the search and selection process of articles considered in this review. PRISMA indicates Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
Citations (20) References (27)
... Similarly, a meta-analysis performed to test the effects of HMB on body composition and strength of trained and
competitive athletes found no beneficial effects of HMB supplementation [11]. However, Silva et al., [24] , examining
only HMB-free acid (HMB-FA), concluded that HMB-FA ingestion for 12 weeks enhanced resistance training-induced
increases in total body mass and fat-free mass and fat mass loss. Also, the authors concluded that HMB-FA ingestion
promoted higher gains of strength and better performance in high-intensity assessments such as the Wingate, and
vertical jump test [24]. ...
... However, Silva et al., [24], examining only HMB-free acid (HMB-FA), concluded that HMB-FA ingestion for 12 weeks
enhanced resistance training-induced increases in total body mass and fat-free mass and fat mass loss. Also, the
authors concluded that HMB-FA ingestion promoted higher gains of strength and better performance in high-intensity
assessments such as the Wingate, and vertical jump test [24] . Recently, Fernandez-Landa et al., [25] conducted a
systematic review including only studies using the combination of HMB and creatine and concluded that HMB might
have some potential effects on body composition. ...
... In addition, Shirato et al. [43] were not able to find any significant effect of adding only HMB (3 g) to a~37 g/day of
whey protein supplement on the recovery from eccentric exercise. This is relevant because one of the main statements
used during the prescription of HMB is based on its potential effects on accelerating skeletal muscle recovery after
resistance exercise sessions [24] . In contrast, Nissen et al. [2] showed a higher increase in lean body mass and
strength when HMB was added to a nutritional supplement containing 37 g of milk protein. ...
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Does Not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes In Body Composition: A
Systematic-review And Meta-analysis: 1698 Board #292 May 28 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM
Article Full-text available
Jul 2020 · MED SCI SPORT EXER
Everson Araujo Nunes · Josie S. Jakubowski · Filipe J. Teixeira · Stuart M Phillips
View
... Similarly, a meta-analysis performed to test the effects of HMB on body composition and strength of trained and
competitive athletes found no beneficial effects of HMB supplementation [11]. However, Silva et al., [24] , examining
only HMB-free acid (HMB-FA), concluded that HMB-FA ingestion for 12 weeks enhanced resistance training-induced
increases in total body mass and fat-free mass and fat mass loss. Also, the authors concluded that HMB-FA ingestion
promoted higher gains of strength and better performance in high-intensity assessments such as the Wingate, and
vertical jump test [24]. ...
... However, Silva et al., [24], examining only HMB-free acid (HMB-FA), concluded that HMB-FA ingestion for 12 weeks
enhanced resistance training-induced increases in total body mass and fat-free mass and fat mass loss. Also, the
authors concluded that HMB-FA ingestion promoted higher gains of strength and better performance in high-intensity
assessments such as the Wingate, and vertical jump test [24] . Recently, Fernandez-Landa et al., [25] conducted a
systematic review including only studies using the combination of HMB and creatine and concluded that HMB might
have some potential effects on body composition. ...
... In addition, Shirato et al. [43] were not able to find any significant effect of adding only HMB (3 g) to a~37 g/day of
whey protein supplement on the recovery from eccentric exercise. This is relevant because one of the main statements
used during the prescription of HMB is based on its potential effects on accelerating skeletal muscle recovery after
resistance exercise sessions [24] . In contrast, Nissen et al. [2] showed a higher increase in lean body mass and
strength when HMB was added to a nutritional supplement containing 37 g of milk protein. ...
Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-
Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
May 2020
Josephine S. Jakubowski · Everson Araujo Nunes · Filipe J. Teixeira · Stuart M Phillips
View Show abstract
... By contrast, Wu et al. (43) found HMB significantly enhanced muscle mass without significantly influencing fat mass
(FM) in both sedentary and resistance training older adults. Recently, Silva et al. (34) conducted a systematic review of
the literature on HMB in its free acid form. The authors concluded HMB may be effective in increasing lean body mass
(BM) and muscle hypertrophy when used in conjunction with a resistance training program (34). ...
... Recently, Silva et al. (34) conducted a systematic review of the literature on HMB in its free acid form. The authors
concluded HMB may be effective in increasing lean body mass (BM) and muscle hypertrophy when used in conjunction
with a resistance training program (34) . ...
... A recent study similar in design to that of Wilson et al. (42) found no significant differences in lean BM between twice
daily supplementation of HMB (1.5 g) and whey (25 g) compared with leucine (1.5 g) and whey (25 g) in resistance-
trained men (15). The results of our meta-analysis found a small positive effect of HMB on FFM, which appears
consistent with previous research on HMB (34, 43). The primary limitation of this meta-analysis was the relatively small
number of studies meeting inclusion criteria, which limited statistical power. ...
Does HMB Enhance Body Composition in Athletes? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Article
Dec 2019 · J STRENGTH COND RES
Brett M. Holland · Brandon M Roberts · James Krieger · Brad J Schoenfeld
View Show abstract
... In addition, acceptable supplementation could increase performance by helping athletes to recover from previous
efforts [2] or by developing substrates or pathways of specific energy use for the actual sport capacities [3,4]. There are
l l t dt t l [5] th h th l t f b t t h
several supplements used to promote muscle recovery [5] through the replacement of energy substrates, such as
creatine
Download full-textmonohydrate
PDF (CrM) [6]Read
or β-hydroxy
full-text β-methylbutyrateDownload
(HMB) [7,citation
8] , among others [9]. ...Copy link
... HMB, a metabolite from leucine, which is one of the three essential branched-chain amino acids, is another
supplement the has been widely studied [7, 8] . This ergogenic aid improves endurance capacity [18][19][20], enhances
mitochondrial biogenesis by activation of gamma co-activator 1-alpha α (PGC-1α), thus promoting higher fat oxidation
[21]. ...
Effect of Ten Weeks of Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Athletic Performance Tests in Elite Male
Endurance Athletes
Jan 2020
Julen Fernández-Landa · Diego Fernández Lázaro · Julio Calleja Gonzalez · Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
View Show abstract
... For more than a decade, athletes have been regularly using HMB supplementation, expecting to improve athletic
performance, especially muscle growth and body fat oxidation, decrease muscle tissue degradation, and improve
aerobic fitness (Asadi et al., 2017;Arazi et al., 2015; Silva et al., 2017; Wilson et al., 2014). Apart from that, some authors
still indicate that HMB requires more research confirming its effectiveness as an ergogenic aid (Kreider et al.,
1999;Thomson et al., 2009;Vulcan et al., 2012). ...
... The basic form of HMB which has been used in research was the calcium salt HMB-Ca (Jówko et al., 2001;Kreider et
al., 1999;Nissen et al., 1996). Recently, a new more effective form free acid HMB-FA formula has been developed and
intensively studied (Asadi et al., 2017; Silva et al., 2017; Teixeira et al., 2019). ...
Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta- Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of
Physical Performance -A Systematic Review
Aug 2019 · J HUM KINET
Piotr Kaczka · Malgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk · Rafał Jastrząb · Katarzyna Kubicka
View Show abstract
... Furthermore, since IF programs necessitate prolonged periods without amino acid-induced stimulation of muscle
protein synthesis and suppression of muscle protein breakdown (13), it has been questioned whether modification of
fasting periods to allow ingestion of amino acids or their metabolites may be beneficial for lean mass maintenance or
accretion during IF (14). Due to its ability to influence muscle protein balance (15), the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy β-
methylbutyrate (HMB) has been hypothesized to exert favorable effects on skeletal muscle in exercising and/or energy-
restricted individuals (16)(17) (18) . However, this has not been sufficiently examined in the context of IF. ...
... The branched-chain amino acid leucine is known to stimulate protein synthesis through the mechanistic target of
rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and produces metabolites that may modulate its physiological effects (14,57,58).
Due to its ability to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and attenuate muscle proteolysis (15), it has been hypothesized
that the leucine metabolite HMB may exert favorable effects on body composition and performance in exercising and/or
energyrestricted individuals (16)(17) (18) . However, previous investigations of supplemental HMB in active populations
have produced mixed results, and a recent meta-analysis in athletes revealed no definitive advantages for body
composition or muscular performance (20). ...
Time-restricted Feeding Plus Resistance Training in Active Females: A Randomized Trial

Jul 2019
Grant M. Tinsley · Michael Lane Moore · Austin Graybeal · Megan R. Cruz
View Show abstract
... Much of the research to date regarding HMB's effects on strength and hypertrophy has been performed with the
administration of HMB-Ca; however, HMB in its free acid form (HMB-FA) has recently shown to provide improved plasma
bioavailability (42,43). The greater absorption rate, peak plasma concentration, and clearance rate observed after HMB-
FA supplementation has been purported to result in greater intramuscular HMB bioavailability and thus provide a
superior stimulus on muscle protein metabolism, exercise recovery, and muscular adaptations (113) . Nevertheless,
despite observed differences in bioavailability, HMB-Ca has recently shown to provide a comparable effect on
stimulating muscle protein synthesis and suppressing muscle protein breakdown compared with HMB-FA (134). ...
Emerging Nutritional Supplements for Strength and Hypertrophy: An Update of the Current Literature
Apr 2020 · Strength Condit J
Adam Gonzalez · David Church · Jeremy R Townsend · Reza Bagheri
View Show abstract
... Indeed, a recent systematic review [221] has shown that the association of HMB plus resistance training enhances
training-induced muscle mass and strength, attenuates markers of muscle damage, and improves markers of aerobic
fitness. However, in another systematic review, the additional effect of HMB plus exercise was found only in one out of
three randomized controlled trials for muscle mass and no additional effect was demonstrated for muscle strength and
performance [218]. ...
Efficacy
Download of Nutritional
full-text PDF Interventions as Stand-Alone
Read full-text or Synergistic Treatments
Download with Exercise for the
citation Management
Copy link of
Sarcopenia
Aug 2019
Sarah Damanti · Domenico Azzolino · Carlotta Roncaglione · Matteo Cesari
View Show abstract
... Some studies show the benefit of HMB (24,25), while other studies found that HMB has no effect on muscle
metabolism (26,27). A number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examined on the effectiveness of HMB on
muscle mass in various populations including trained individuals, untrained individuals and healthy older adults
(8,17,18, 28) . The outcomes of those reviews may not be reflective of the benefit of HMB in older population with
sarcopenia or frailty syndrome. ...
The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on Sarcopenia and Functional Frailty in Older Persons: A Systematic
Review
Article
Dec 2018 · J NUTR HEALTH AGING
J. Oktaviana · Jesse Zanker · Sara Vogrin · Gustavo Duque
View Show abstract
... We propose that our results are a valuable contribution to this field and further align with other recent findings
(Jakubowski et al., 2018) and are in broad agreement with previous reviews (Rowlands & Thomson, 2009;Sanchez-
Martinez et al., 2017) showing a lack of marked effect of HMB on hypertrophy. Our results do, however, differ from
previously reported extraordinary results (Kraemer et al., 2009;Lowery et al., 2016;Wilson et al., 2014) which have led
more recent reviews to recommend HMB as an effective strategy to enhance FFM gains (Kerksick et al., 2018; Silva et
al., 2017) . Kraemer et al. (2009) observed that recreationally active individuals supplemented with HMB-Ca gained ∼9.3
kg FFM and decreased their FM by ∼4.9% over 12 weeks. ...
No effect of HMB or α-HICA supplementation on training-induced changes in body composition No effect of HMB or α-HICA
supplementation on training-induced changes in body composition
Article
Dec 2018 · EUR J SPORT SCI
Filipe J. Teixeira · Catarina N. Matias · Cristina Monteiro · Stuart M Phillips
View Show abstract
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Purpose: To compare body composition changes induced by moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval
training (HIIT), or HIIT + resistance training (RT) programs (3 days/week, 12 weeks) in postmenopausal women with
overweight/obesity, and to determine whether fat mass reduction is related to greater fat oxidation (FatOx). Methods: Participants
(n=27) were randomized ... [Show full abstract]
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Conference Paper
INFLUENCE OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE ON MUSCLE FUNCTION AND JUMP PERFORMANCE: IRONFEMME PROJECT
INFLUENCE OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE ON MUSCLE FUNCTION AND JUMP PERFORMANCE: IRONFEMME PROJECT
July 2018full-text PDF
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Nuria Romero-Parra
NTRODUCTION: Female exhibit changes during menstrual cycle that may affect different sport performance variables. The decrease in
performance of counter movement jump (CMJ) has been related with muscle damage and loss of muscle function after strength
training.Few studies have investigated these effects after an intense strength training in women (1). Therefore, the purpose of this
study was to ... [Show full abstract]
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Last Updated: 26 Sep 2020
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(PDF) a Systematic Review on Β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Free Acid Supplementation Suggests Improvements in Measures of Muscle Recovery, Performance, And Hypertrophy Following Resistance Training

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20/10/2020 (PDF) A systematic review on β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation suggests improvements in measures of muscl…

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July 2017 · Nutrition Research 45

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Citations (20) References (27) Figures (3)

Abstract and Figures

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) has been suggested to accelerate

Simplistic Effects of HMB- Effects of HMB-

Figures - uploaded by Vagner Ramon Rodrigues Silva Author content

Content uploaded by Vagner Ramon Rodrigues Silva Author content

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid

Vagner R. Silva a , Felipe L. Belozo a , Thayana O. Micheletti a , Marcelo Conrado b ,

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article history: β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid(HMB-FA)hasbeensuggested toacceleratethe regenerative

1. Introduction 120 minutes to reach peak plasma concentrations [10]. In contrast,

language, peer-reviewed, randomized controlled trials assessing

Studies identified through database searching

Records screened (N = 128)

Animal models (N = 24)

Abstracts reviewed more closely for eligibility (N = 99)

Not specified either HMB-FA or HMB-Ca (N = 16)

Studies included in the r eview(N = 9)

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Citations (20) References (27)

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Time-restricted Feeding Plus Resistance Training in Active Females: A Randomized Trial

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Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis on Molecular Metabolism and Exercise

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MICT or HIIT ± RT Programs for Altering Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women

Last Updated: 26 Sep 2020

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