(a) To start with, research and development is the act of investigating the unknown, such as new

products or processes and using the research findings to create products that can be
commercialised. One importance of Research and Development to Johnson & Johnson is for
the organization’s long-term survival and success. This is because R&D is essential to create
new or improved technology in Johnson that can maintain or provide an even greater
competitive advantage at the business, industry or national level. In addition to this, with
Johnson & Johnson investing in R&D, the company’s employees will know that the business is
dedicated to being a market leader within the industry. This will give the company’s
employees pride for the organization and cause them to dedicate themselves more to the
business.