liiciect puters Interpret Data the different types of number systems, it is important to stand how computers interpret the letters on the keyboard h a series of 0’s and 1’s. This is normally done through system conversion. Depending on the standard used, ter systems convert characters from the keyboard and later them on the monitor. Refer to the following steps: From the keyboard, pressure pads are typically found _ underneath each key. Upon typing a letter, the pressure pad sends information to the CPU for processing. The information is then transmitted in the form of 0's and 1's using the ASCII code.Ee E E é z 5 gComputers in Our Daily Life = N N bil PP Biron how the characters are represented in decimal, hexadecimal formats. Computer Programmers create grammer, a program can be developed based on the language the programmer is familiar with. Another‘¢ Living in the Information Technology Er@ . v %s i fo F owever, looking at a long string of pale i a ie sd sidered too confusing for oT ee a a coding. Take 4 look at the w during , ; fay sed as seen by a computer: 100011 01101111 01101101 01110000 01110101 r 01110100 01100101 01110010 ‘o read, right? The programmer might miss out ae to make it easier, i i Thus, few digits while creating a program. ‘ nae aa are made “more human” by making them readable and similar to the human language. This is identified with the different levels of programming languages which will be discussed later in this chapter. So how does the computer know that 01100011 01101111 01101101 01110000 01110101 01110100 01100101 01110010 is the same as the word “computer”? Each character is converted from the ASCII table’s hexadecimal, octal, or decimal presentation into binary language. For example, the letter ‘c’ is equivalent to 63 in hexadecimal which when converted into binary is equal to 01100011. How Computers Communicate with One Another Notice how the computer uses different ways to connect to certain devices. The computer monitor uses a wire to connect to the computer unit while the mouse wirelessly connects to the laptop, etc. Depending on the situation, computers use different connection methods to do their tasks, Figure 2.4 Complet 'e per desktop components PersonalComputers in Our Daily Life = © system, on its own, communicates through 7 a system bus. A system bus is a pathway composed (/ connectors used to carry data from a computer’s ‘Monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.—to the CP’ ry. There are three types of buse; ata - and control bus. ws) Address bus d diagram of a computer system implemented bus. This modular organization was popular in le, how does the computer know that the printer nk? How does the mouse cursor move along with the And how does the speaker produce sound in time isplayed on the monitor? can transfer data to and from the memory of into or out of the CPU. Examples of Pieces of traverse the data bus include files transferred from ; to the computer’s hard drive and a document sent to er for printing.Computers in Our Dal ter hardware uses a 32-bit bus (hardware), use only programs running 32-bits. This is to avoid the hardware verheating. Imagine a 32-bit bus computer working double fo make up for the excess 32-bits from a 64-bit application A 64-bit bus, on the other hand, can process either a a 64-bit software application. Computers Connect er Computers next step in knowing how a computer is able to connect to ices is to understand how a computer connects to another ter. Earlier, computer peripherals using wired or wireless ections are mentioned. It is also similar when a computer to connect to another computer—with or without wires. uter Network Systems omputers are able to communicate with one another over orks. A computer network is an interconnection of two or computers. This interconnection gives these computers the ility to share information and resources. There are several es of networks, mostly depending on the number of computers t, how they are used, and what type of technology is used in its tivity. Below are some of the computer network systems: Personal area network (PAN) - is a type of connection which is often limited to an individual person and his or her personal devices. Normally, these devices must be within the range of 10 meters with each other. For example, a person traveling with a laptop, a smartphone, and a portable printer could interconnect the devices without having to plug anything in, using some form of wireless technology.Computers in Our Daily Life ter systems have different connections which usually on the motherboard's form factor. Popular wired nowadays include the following: Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a connection or interface that allows the computer to communicate with system peripherals such as keyboard, mouse, printer, etc. as well as other devices like digital cameras and portable fans, It is a type of connector that can transmit data to and from devices which have typical high data rates, such as external hard drives. The transfer speed of a FireWire is faster than that of a USB. An Ethernet cable transmits signals between a computer and network devices such as a router, switcl, or othe computers. High-definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a connector for transmitting audio/video data which are compatible to computers, projectors, and digital televisions. The 15-pin Video Graphics Arra connector has been provided on many video cards, computer monitors, laptop computers, and projectors. It is now slowly being phased out in favor of the faster and more compact HDMI connector. An RS-232 serial connection was once a standard feature of a personal computer used for connections to modem, printer, mouse, and other peripheral devices. Now, it has been replaced by USB connections.- q Electron! methodology in whi and collaborate wit! their lessons, activities, Blackboard, Edmodo, Moodle, etc. Living in the Information technology Ere elearning) is the newest teach; ‘ich students and teachers can communig, th each other through online discussing and examinations. Such examples a ic Jearning ( Banking ‘The computer has made all banking transactions around th le world easier and more secure. It manipulates the entire banking system as it includes 24-hour electronic banking services. Th - The services include: + Automated teller machine (ATM) + Cheque deposit + Electronic fund transfer + Direct deposit + Pay by phone system * Personal comy i 2 puter banking/internet banking +fComputers in Our Daily tite Industry researchers, and administrators benefit from ICT. d control are used to expedite production planning and support chain management, and to facilitate product the industrial sector. Machines that are fully computer- ire now used. Researchers use computers to gather and ita for hypothetical reference while administrators use }to manage the entire operations of the plant or factory or anticipate explicit errors or deficiencies that transpire Some of the large industrial companies that at ICT include Toyota Philippines, Honda Philippines, iguel Corporation, , the use of ICT can be perceived as a threat to and factory workers as robots or machines take over t Computer-operated machines