1.

Forseveralyears,
Ni ghtti
menewsat tr
actedfewerv i
ewer
sthanWor l
dNews, whichbr
oadcastsi
ts
show att hesamet imeasNi ght
timeNews.Recent l
y,t
heproducersofNightti
meNewsadded
personalint
ereststoriesandincr
easedcov erageofsport
sandweat her
.Thet woprogr
amsnow
havear oughlyequalnumberofv i
ewers.Clearly
,therecentpr
ogrammi ngchangespersuaded
vi
ewer stoswitchfrom Wor l
dNewst oNightti
meNews.

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sanassumpt
iononwhi
cht
heaut
horr
eli
es?

A.Viewersaremor einterestedi
nspor tsandweathert
haninpersonalint
ereststories.
B.Theprogrammi ngcont entofNi ghtt
imeNewsi smoreclosel
yalignedwi t
hthei nterestsofthe
overal
laudiencet hani sthecontentofWor l
dNews.
C.SomeWor l
dNewsv i
ewer sli
kedt henewNi ght
ti
meNewspr ogrammi ngbet t
ert hant heyl
iked
theWor l
dNewspr ogrammi ng.
D.Thereareot herpossi blecausesf oranincr
easeinthenumberofv iewersofNi ght
timeNews,
i
ncludi
ngar ecentadcampai gnthatairedonmanylocalaf
fi
li
ates.
E.Thequalit
yofWor l
dNewswi llr
emai nconst
antevenifNi
ghtt
imeNewsi mprov es.

2.Thelocaluni
ver
sityrecent
lyhi
redanewsoccercoach.Al
thoughshehassev
eralyear
s'wor
thof
coachingexper
ienceandi sadi l
i
gentstudentofthegame,shewasnev eramemberofa
coll
egiat
esoccert eam.Forthisr
eason,thenew coachwillbeunabl
etobuildasuccessf
ul
program.

Thear
gumentabov
eisbasedonwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngassumpt
ions?

A.Thelocaluniversit
yshouldhavehiredafor
mercoll
egi
atesoccerplayerasit
snewcoach.
B.Coachingexper i
enceisoneoft hemostcruci
alf
actor
sforcoachingsuccess.
C.Thepreviouscoachatt heuniversi
tywasdismi
ssedduetoherlackofsuccess,
D.Tobui l
dasuccessf ulsoccerprogram asacoach,onemustbeaf ormercoll
egi
atesoccer
play
er.
E.Theuniversit
ydoesnotpl antopr ovi
dethenewcoachwiththeresourcesnecessar
ytobuil
da
successfulprogram.

3.Adverti
sement :Accor
dingtoar ecentresearchst udy,dail
yuseofFr eshSt art,anewt oot
hpast
e,
reducestheriskofdevelopi
ngdent alcavi
ti
esbyov er20per cent
.Inaddi ti
on, asar esul
tofanew
formula,theuseofFr eshStartresult
sinwhi ter,healt
hier-
looki
ngt eeth.Cl earl
y,FreshStar
tnot
onlygivesyourteethabeauti
fullookbutalsopr ovidesthemostr el
iablepr otecti
onagainstdent
al
cavit
ies.

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sanassumpt
ioni
nthear
gumentabov
e?

A.Noot hert
oothpastepr ovi
desmor erel
iableprotecti
onagainstdent alcavi
ti
es.
B.FreshStar
t'
sf or
mul adoesabet terjobofwhi teningteeththandocompet i
tors'
for
mul as..
C.Peoplearejustasi nterestedinhav i
ngbeaut i
fulteethastheyarei nhav i
nghealthyteeth.
D.FreshStar
talsopr ev entsotherdentaldisorders,suchasgi ngi
vit
is.
E.Reli
ableprotecti
onagai nstdentalcav iti
es,combi nedwi thexcellentaest het
icproperti
es,i
s
l
ikelytomakeFr eshSt ar
tapopul artoothpasteont hemar ket.

4.WhiletheInter
nethasdramatical
lyincreasedpeople’
sabili
tytocommunicat
ewitheachother,t
he
i
ncreasinguseofelect
ronicmailandi nstantmessaginghashadadetri
mentalef
fectonchil
dren’
s
soci
aldev el
opment.Thehoursspentcommuni cat
ingoveracomputerar
ehoursinwhichchil
dren
arenotinter
acti
ngwithotherpeopleonaf ace-
to-f
acebasis.
 Thear
gumentabov
erel
iesonwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngassumpt
ions?

A.Timespentpl ayingqui et
lyaloneorr eadi ngbookshasnotbeenshownt oaf
fectthesocial
developmentofchi l
dren.
B.Mostchi l
drenchooset ospendt hei
rt imecommuni cati
ngv iaelect
roni
cmailandinstant
messagi ng.
C.Face-to-
face i nt
eracti
ons wi th otherpeopl e ar
e an i mportantpartofa chil
d’s soci
al
development .
D.Socialskil
lsarebestacqui redthroughfirst-handexper
ience,notthr
oughfor
mal
trai
ning.
E.Thecomput erandt y
pingskill
sachi ldlear nswhil
eusingt heInter
nett
ocommunicatedonot
contri
butesi gnif
icant
lytoachi l
d’
sdev elopment .

5.Biologistssuspectthatf
eat her
saremodifiedscales.Anci
entrepti
lesdevel
opedf eat
hersasaway
toinsul atethei
rbodiesfrom t hecoldandr egulat
etheirbodytemper at
ures.Howev er
,manyof
theseear lyfeat
heredrept
ileswer eunabl
et ofly
.Thus,today’
sfli
ghtl
essbirdsprobablydev
eloped
thei
rf eather
sasawayt omanaget hei
rbodyt emperat
ures.

Thear
gumentabov
erel
iesonwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngassumpt
ions?

A.Achar act
eri
st i
cdevelopedforapar t
icularabili
tydoesnotr emainaf t
erthatabi
li
tyi
slost
.
B.Someani mal sthatareabl
et oflyl
ackf eathers.
C.Feathereddinosaursthatwereabletof lyalsousedt hei
rfeather
stor egul
atebodyt
emperat
ure.
D.Today’sfl
ightlessbi
rdsaredirectdescendant soff eatheredrept
il
es.
E.Withouttheabi l
it
ytoregul
atet hei
rbodyt emper ature,fl
ight
lessbir
dswi l
lgoexti
nct
.

6.Forsev eralconsecutiveyears,poult
rypr
icesateachofthreest atewidegr ocery-
storechainshav e
exceededt henationalav er
agebyaboutf i
ft
ypercent
.Al so,theper -pounddi ffer
encei npoul t
ry
pricesamongt het hr
eest or
esnev eramountedtomoret hanaf ewpenni es,whileamonggr ocery
stor esi
not herstates,thepricesvari
edbynearlyadoll
arov erthesameper iod.Thethreechai ns
musthav econspiredt onotcompet eamongt hemsel
vesandt of i
xtheirpoultrypri
cesatmut uall
y
agr eed-
uponl evel
s.

Theclaimthatt
hethr
eegrocery
-st
orechainsconspi
redtofi
xpoul
tr
ypr
icesr
est
sonwhi
chof
thef
ollowi
ngassumpt
ionsf
ortheti
meperiodrefer
redtoabov
e?

A.Noot hergr oceryst

orechargedhigherpr i
cesforpoult
rythanthet hr
eechains.
B.Averagepoul trypri
cesinthestatewher ethethr
eechainsoper ateexceedthenationalaver
age
C.Thepr i
cet hatgrocerystor
espaidf orpoultr
ydidnotvarysigni
ficant
lyfrom st
atetostate.
D.Consumer si nthestatewherethet hreechainsoperat
egener all
ypreferpoult
rytoothermeats,
evenifpoul tr
yismor eexpensivethanothermeats.
E.Othergr oceryst or
esoper at
ingi nthesamest ateast het hreechai nsalsosellpoultr
yto
consumer s.

7.I
tisr epeat edlyclai
medthatthedumpi ngofnuclearwasteposesnothr eatt
opeopl eli
vi
ngnear by
.
I
ft hisclaim coul dbemadewi thcertai
nty
,therewouldbenor easonfornotlocatingsi
tesinareas
ofdensepopul ati
on.Butt
hepol i
cyofdumpi ngnuclearwast
eonl yi
nt hemor esparsel
ypopulated
regionsi ndicates,att
heveryleast,somemi sgiv
ingaboutsafetyonthepartoft hoseresponsi
ble
forpolicy.

Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
ift
rue,
woul
dmostser
iousl
yweakent
hear
gument
?
 A.Eval
uat i
onpl ansi
ntheev entofanacci dentcouldnotbeguaranteedtoworkper
fect
lyexcept
wheret hepopul at
ionissmal l.
B.I
nt heev entofanacci dent ,itiscert
aint hatf
ewerpeoplewoul dbeharmedinaspar sely
populatedt haninadensel ypopulatedarea.
C.Dumpi ngofnucl earwast eposesf ewereconomi candbur eaucrat
icpr
oblemsinsparsely
populatedt hanindenselypopul at
edareas.
D.Therear edanger sassociatedwi t
hchemi calwaste,
andit
,too,isdumpedawayfrom ar
easof
densepopul ati
on.
E.Unti
lther eisnoshr edofdoubtt hatnucleardumpsaresafe,itmakessensetosit
uatethem
wheret heyposet heleastthreattothepublic.

8.AtHospi t
alA,therehasbeenanupsur geinemer gencyroom vi
sit
sbychil
drenundertwelvewith
stomachdi st
urbances.Pat
ientt
~ackingreveal
edt hatthevastmajor
it
yofthechil
drenhadeat en
candyl abeled"CoconutFunSnax"shor t
lybefor
et heonsetofsy mptoms.Theemer gencyroom
physiciansconcl udedthatitisunsafeforchildrenundert heageoft welv
et oeatpr oducts
containingcoconut .

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
ift
rue,
woul
dbet
hebestr
easont
odoubtt
hewar
ning?

A.Coconutscont ai
nsaturatedf at
s.
B.Somepat hogensar enotdet ectablebyanymedical
test
s.
C.Nococonut sorcoconutpr oduct sareusedint
hemanuf act
ureof"
CoconutFunSnax.
"
D.Thepatienttracki
ngatt hehospi talcont
act
edtheparentsofal
lofthechi
ldr
enconcernedand
recei
vedfullcooperat
ionf r
om them.
E.Coconutsareaf avori
tefoodofmanychi ldr
en.

9.Ther espect
iveownersofabookst or
eandacof feeshopt hatarenextdoort ooneanot
herhave
decidedtocombi net
heirbusi
nesses.Bothowner sbeli
evet hatthismer gerwil
lhel
pincr
easethe
numberofcust omers,andtheref
orethegr ossrevenue,Theyr easont hatCustomerswhocome
foracupofcof feemightf
indthemselvesgl
ancingatthebookt i
tl
esf orsale,
andthosewhocome
forbooksmi ghtli
ket
ositdownandst artr
eadingwithacupofcof fee.

Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
ift
rue,
mostweakenst
heowner
s'concl
usi
ont
hatamer
gerwi
lli
ncr
ease
r
evenue?

A.Booksanddr i
nkscanbot hbeconsi deredi mpulsepur chases;of ten,t
heyar epur chasedby
customer swi thoutf orethought .
B.Becauseoft hewayi nwhi cht het wost oresar ecurrentl
yposi ti
onedr el
ati
vet ooneanot her
,
manycust omer swhocomet othecof f
eeshopnev erseeornot icethebookst ore.
C.Ifbooksar edamagedi nabookst orest orebeforepurchase, t
hecust omersr
esponsi bleforthe
damagear egener all
ynothel dfinanciall
yaccount abl
e.
D.Thecof f
eeshopi sprimar i
lyf r
equent edbyl ocalhighschoolst udent swhosepar entsmakeup
al argepercent ageoft hebookst ore'scustomerbase;t heteenager susethecof feeshopasa
placet omi nglewi ththei rf
riendswi thoutfami l
yinvolv
ement .
E.Acombi nat i
onbookst oreandcof feeshopt hatopenedi nanei ghbori
ngcityl astyearhas
alreadyearnedhi ghert hanexpect edpr ofit
s.

10.
Poormanagement ,notchangesint heeconomy,i
sr esponsi
bleforthel
ow profi
tsrepor
tedin
AztecInc.,asubsi
diar
yofWi l
sonIndust
ri
es,si
nceit
snew CEOt ookcont
rol.MayaInc.
,anot
her
subsi
diaryhashadt ofunct
ioni
nthesameeconomi cconditi
ons,whil
eAztec’
sprofi
tshavebeen
f
all
i
ng,
May
a’spr
ofi
tshav
ebeenr
isi
ng.

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
ift
rue,
mostser
iousl
yweakenst
hear
gumentabov
e?

A.R&DatAzt ecInc.isalsopr ogressingataslowerr ate.

B.Wher eastheAzt ecplanti slocatedinasmal lt
own,May aissit
uatedintheindust
ri
alareaof
thelargestcityinthest ate.
C.Bothcompani eshav ebeenf unctioninginarecessedeconomy .
D.Thepr oduct sthatar epr oducedbyt heAzt ecsubsi di
aryaredif
ferentfr
om thosethathave
alwaysbeenmanuf acturedbyt heMay asubsi di
ary
.
E.Aztec’snew CEO r eorganizedt hebr eakdownofdepar tmentswithinthecompanywi ththe
i
ntentionofr educingthenumberofr edundantpositi
ons.