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Raspberry Pi DAC Tutorial: Interfacing MCP4725 12-Bit Digital-to-

Analog Converter with Raspberry Pi (/microcontroller-
projects/raspberry-pi-mcp4725-dac-tutorial)
By (page_author.html)Pramoth Thangavel (/users/pramoth-thangavel)  Mar 15, 2019 0

Raspberry Pi MCP4725 DAC Module Circuit Diagram Connections

Microcontrollers work only with digital values but in real world we have to deal with Analog signals. That’s why  ADC (Analog to Digital Converters)
(https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/what-is-adc-analog-to-digital-converters)  is there to convert real world Analog values into Digital form so that
microcontrollers can process the signals. But what if we need Analog signals from digital values, so here comes the DAC (Digital to Analog Converter).

DAC can be used in many applications  such as Motor control, Control Brightness of the LED Lights,  Audio Ampli er (https://circuitdigest.com/audio-
ampli er-circuits), Video Encoders, Data Acquisition Systems etc.

We already interfaced MCP4725 DAC Module with Arduino (https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-dac-tutorial-interfacing-mcp4725-

dac) and STM32. Today we will use the same MCP4725 DAC IC to design a Digital to Analog converter using Raspberry Pi. It is assumed that you have
already installed the latest OS on your Raspberry PI and have access to it via SSH.  If not, follow the  Getting started with Raspberry Pi
(https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/getting-started-with-raspberry-pi)  tutorial before proceeding. Here we are using  Rasbian Stretch
installed on Raspberry Pi 3.

Components Required
 
Raspberry Pi 3 B+ (With Raspbian OS installed)
 MCP4725 DAC IC
16x2 LCD display
Breadboard
Connecting Wires

MCP4725 DAC Module (Digital to Analog Converter)

MCP4725  IC is a  12-Bit Digital to Analog Converter Module  which is used to generate output analog voltages from (0 to 5V) and it is controlled by
using  I2C communication (https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-i2c-tutorial-communication-between-two-arduino). It also comes
with on board nonvolatile memory EEPROM.

This IC has 12-Bit resolution. This means we use (0 to 4096) as input to provide the voltage output with respect to reference voltage. Maximum reference
voltage is 5V.

Formula to calculate Output Voltage

O/P Voltage = (Reference Voltage / Resolution) x Digital Value

For Example if we use 5V as reference voltage and let’s assume that digital value is 2048. So to calculate the DAC output.

O/P Voltage = (5/ 4096) x 2048 = 2.5V

Pinout of MCP4725

Below is the image of MCP4725 with clearly indicating pin names.

Pins of MCP4725 Use

OUT Outputs Analog Voltage

GND GND for Output

SCL I2C Serial Clock line

SDA I2C Serial Data line

VCC Input Reference Voltage 5V or 3.3V

 
 GND for input

GND

This IC can be controlled using the I2C communication which requires only two wires SCL and SDA. By default, the I2C address for MCP4725 is 0x60. Now
we know about I2C communication in Raspberry pi.

I2C pins in Raspberry Pi

In order to use MCP4725 with Raspberry Pi, the rst thing to do is knowing the Raspberry Pi I2C port pins and con guring I2C port in the Raspberry pi.

Below is the Pin Diagram of Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+, and I2C pins GPIO2 (SDA) and GPIO3 (SCL) are used in this tutorial.

Con guring I2C in Raspberry Pi

By default, I2C is disabled in Raspberry Pi. So rst it must be enabled. To enable the I2C in Raspberry Pi

1. Go to the terminal and type sudo raspi-con g.

2. Now the Raspberry Pi Software Con guration Tool appears.

3. Select Interfacing options and then enable the I2C.

4. After enabling the I2C reboot the Pi.

Scanning I2C Address of MCP4725 using Raspberry Pi

Now in order to start communication with the MCP4725 IC, the Raspberry Pi must know its I2C address. To nd the address rst connect the SDA and SCL
pin of MCP4725 to the SDA and SCL pin of Raspberry Pi. Also connect the +5V and GND pins.

Now open the terminal and type below command to know the address of connected I2C device,

sudo i2cdetect –y 1 or sudo i2cdetect –y 0

   
After nding the I2C address now its time to install the necessary libraries for using MCP4725 with Raspberry Pi.

Installing MCP4725 Adafruit library into Raspberry Pi

In order to use MCP4725 DAC board with I2C bus of Raspberry Pi, a Adafruit MCP4725 library is used. To download and install the library follow these
steps:

1. Make sure Raspberry Pi is connected to an active internet.

2. Next open a terminal and run the following lines one by one.

sudo apt-get install git build-essential python-dev

git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_MCP4725.git
cd Adafruit_Python_MCP4725
sudo python setup.py install

3. After successful installation now the Adafruit MCP4725 library can be imported in any python script by using the line

Import Adafruit_MCP4725

Installing Adafruit LCD display library

A LCD is used in this project to display the DAC and analog voltage values so to download and install the LCD library in Raspberry Pi follow these steps:

1. Open a terminal window and run the following lines one by one.

apt-get install git

git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_CharLCD.git (https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_CharLCD.gi
cd Adafruit_Python_CharLCD
sudo python setup.py install

2. After installation of LCD library now the Adafruit_python_CharLCD can be used from any python script by using the following line

import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD

Now the Raspberry Pi is ready to code for Digital to Analog converter so let’s connect the circuit as shown in the gure below.

Circuit Diagram and Connections

Circuit diagram for using DAC IC MCP4725 with Raspberry Pi is given below:

 
 (/fullimage?

i=circuitdiagram_mic/Circuit-Diagram-for-Interfacing-MCP4725-12-Bit-DAC-with-Raspberry-Pi.png)

Circuit Connections between (16x2) LCD & Raspberry Pi

LCD Raspberry Pi 3 B+

VSS GND

VDD +5V

V0 From potentiometer for contrast control

RS GPIO25

RW GND

E GPIO24

D4 GPIO23

D5 GPIO17

D6 GPIO18

D7 GPIO22

A +5V
 
K GND
 

Circuit Connections between MCP4725 & Raspberry Pi

MCP4725 Raspberry Pi 3 B+ Multimeter

GND GND Negative Probe

VCC +5V -

SDA GPIO2 (SDA) -

SCL GPIO3 (SCL) -

OUT - Positive Probe

Complete setup will look like this:

Programming Raspberry Pi for Digital to Analog Conversion

Complete Python code for Raspberry Pi is given at the end of this tutorial. Just upload it into raspberry pi using any SSH client like Putty or any FTP client
like FileZilla or you can directly write program into raspberry pi by connecting a monitor to it. Learn more about programming raspberry Pi
(https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/raspberry-pi-led-blinking) here.

In this program a digital value of 0-4096 is sent from Raspberry Pi to the MCP4725 via I2C bus to produce an analog output voltage of 0 to 5V which can
be veri ed with the multimeter. Both the digital and analog values are displayed on the 16x2 LCD (https://circuitdigest.com/article/16x2-lcd-display-
module-pinout-datasheet). In our program the digital value is sent with an increment of 150 using for loop (0,150,300,450…4050). Let’s see the program in
detail.

First include all the required libraries. Here LCD, MCP4725 and time library are used.

import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD

import Adafruit_MCP4725
import time

Next de ne the LCD pins along with the no. of row and columns. We know that 16X2 LCD has 2 rows and 16 columns. Learn more about interfacing LCD
with Raspberry Pi (https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/raspberry-pi-lcd-display-tutorial) here.

 
 lcd_rs = 25
lcd_en = 24
lcd_d4 = 23
lcd_d5 = 17
lcd_d6 = 18
lcd_d7 = 22
lcd_backlight = 4

# Define LCD column and row size for 16x2 LCD.

lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows = 2
lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6, lcd_d7,lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)

Next display some welcome message on LCD for ve seconds.

lcd.message('Circuit Digest')
time.sleep(2.0)
lcd.message('\nDAC using Rpi')
time.sleep(5.0)
lcd.clear()

In the next line, a DAC instance is created with the I2C address of the MCP4725 DAC IC. My board has an address of 0x60, change it according to your
board.

dac = Adafruit_MCP4725.MCP4725(address=0x60)

Next a for loop is used inside while loop to change the digital value x that is sent to MCP4725 via I2C bus. The for loop range is (0,4095,150). The x values
vary from 0 to 4050 with an increment of 150.

while True:
for x in range(0,4097,150):

       

The Digital value is sent to MCP4725 using the following line

dac.set_voltage(x)

Depending upon the digital value the analog value is calculated using the formula where 5 is reference voltage and x is digital value.

voltage = x/4096.0*5.0

Then the Digital value & Analog value are displayed on the LCD with a delay of 2 seconds using the following lines

lcd.cursor_pos = (0,0)
lcd.message("DAC Value: " + str(x))
lcd.message("\nAnalogVolt: %.2f" % voltage)
time.sleep(2)

Here the Digital value is shown in the rst row and analog value in second row of LCD display. A multimeter is also connected to the MCP4725 Output Pins
to verify the analog voltage.

 
 

Complete code with demonstration Video is given below.

Code
import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD    
import Adafruit_MCP4725
import time

lcd_rs        = 25 
lcd_en        = 24
lcd_d4        = 23
lcd_d5        = 17
lcd_d6        = 18
lcd_d7        = 22
lcd_backlight = 4

# De ne LCD column and row size for 16x2 LCD.

lcd_columns = 16
lcd_rows    = 2

lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCD(lcd_rs, lcd_en, lcd_d4, lcd_d5, lcd_d6, lcd_d7,

                           lcd_columns, lcd_rows, lcd_backlight)

lcd.message('Circuit Digest')
time.sleep(2.0)
lcd.message('\nDAC using Rpi')
time.sleep(5.0)
lcd.clear()

dac = Adafruit_MCP4725.MCP4725(address=0x60)

while True:
    for x in range(0,4097,150):
        
        print(x)
        dac.set_voltage(x)

        lcd.cursor_pos = (0,0)
        lcd.message("DAC Value: " + str(x))
        voltage = x/4096.0*5.0
        lcd.message("\nAnalogVolt: %.2f" % voltage)
        time.sleep(2)
        lcd.clear()

Video
 
 Raspberry Pi DAC Tutorial: Interfacing MCP4725 12-Bit Digital-to-Analog Converter with Raspberry Pi

TAGS RASPBERRY PI (/TAGS/RASPBERRY-PI) RASPBERRY PI 3 (/TAGS/RASPBERRY-PI-3) DAC (/TAGS/DAC) MCP4725 (/TAGS/MCP4725)

16X2 LCD (/TAGS/16X2-LCD)

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