Index

 Topics: Page No.

 Introduction……………………………………………….4-6
 Causes of Terrorism………………………………………7-8
 Types of Terrorism………………………………………..9-10
 Terrorism in India……………………………………..…11-13
 Role of Politics in Terrorism……………………………...14
 Counter-Terrorism Techniques in India…………………..15
 Conclusion………………………………………………...16
 Bibliography………………………………………………17
INTRODUCTION

"Terror" comes from a Latin word meaning "to frighten". The terror
cimbricus was a panic and state of emergency in Rome in response to the
approach of warriors of the Cimbri tribe in 105BC. The Jacobins cited this
precedent when imposing a Reign of Terror during the French Revolution.
After the Jacobins lost power, the word "terrorist" became a term of abuse. In
November 2004, a United Nations Security Council report described terrorism
as any act "intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-
combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a
government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any
act".

Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of

coercion. At present, there is no internationally agreed definition of terrorism.
Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts which are
intended to create fear (terror), are perpetrated for an ideological goal (as
opposed to a lone attack), and deliberately target or disregard the safety of
combatants. Some definitions also include acts of unlawful violence and war.

The word "terrorism" is politically and emotionally charged and this

greatly compounds the difficulty of providing a precise definition. A 1988
study by the United States Army found that over 100 definitions of the word
“terrorism” have been used.In many countries, acts of terrorism are legally
distinguished from criminal acts done for other purposes, and "terrorism" is
defined by statute. Common principles among legal definitions of terrorism
provide an emerging consensus as to meaning and also foster cooperation
between law enforcement personnel in different countries. Among these
definitions there are several that do not recognize the possibility of legitimate
use of violence by civilians against an invader in an occupied country and
would, thus label all resistance movements as terrorist groups. Others make a
distinction between lawful and unlawful use of violence. Ultimately, the

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distinction is a political judgment.

The terms "terrorism" and "terrorist" (someone who engages in

terrorism) carry strong negative connotations. These terms are often used as
political labels, to condemn violence or the threat of violence by certain actors
as immoral, indiscriminate and unjustified or to condemn an entire segment of
a population. Those labelled "terrorists" by their opponents rarely identify
themselves as such, and typically use other terms or terms specific to their
situation, such as separatist, freedom fighter, liberator, revolutionary,
vigilante, militant, paramilitary, guerrilla, rebel or any similar-meaning word
in other languages and cultures. Jihad, mujahidin, and fedayeen are similar
Arabic words which have entered the English lexicon. It is common for both
parties to a conflict to describe each other as terrorists.

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