ეძღვნება საქართველოს პირველი დემოკრატიული

რესპუბლიკის ასი წლის იუბილეს

საქართველოს

რეგიონების
ცხოვრება
`adgilobrivi demokratia saqarTveloSi − 1918-1921 wle-bis
gamocdileba“ − am proeqtis farglebSi momzadebuli es gamocema
xorcieldeba fond `Ria sazogadoeba saqar-Tvelos“ finansuri
mxardaWeriT.
kvlevaSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebze pasuxismgebeli arian Tavad
avtorebi da isini ar SeiZleba ganixilebodes ro-gorc fond `Ria
sazogadoeba saqarTvelos“ an `samoqalaqo aqtivizmis kvlevis
centris“ (CARC) Sexedulebebad.
avtorebi: giorgi arobeliZe; Teimuraz beJaniZe;
mariam guliaSvili; Tamar meWurWliSvili;
naTia qarCilaZe; Tornike SevardnaZe
samecniero redaqtori: lela gafrindaSvili
teqstis redaqtori: elza nabaxteveli
dizaineri: maka comaia

tiraJi: 400
© samoqalaqo aqtivizmis kvlevis centri
akrZalulia aq moyvanili masalebis gadabeWdva, gamravleba an
gavrceleba komerciuli mizniT, `samoqalaqo aqtivizmis kvlevis
centris“ (CARC) werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.
misamarTi: d. yifianis q. #4, kor. #2, b.1
www.carc.ge
info@carc.ge

ISBN 978-9941-27-786-3
 წინასიტყვაობა

`sa­mo­qa­la­qo aq­ti­viz­mis kvle­vis cen­tris“ Zi­ri­Ta­di mi­

za­nia sa­qar­Tve­los war­sul­sa da Ta­na­med­ro­veo­ba­Si ar­se­bu­
li po­li­ti­ku­ri pro­ce­se­bis, wi­naaR­mde­go­be­bis, sa­mo­qa­la­qo
aq­ti­viz­mi­sa da so­cia­lu­ri moZ­rao­be­bis for­me­bis Ses­wav­la
da ana­li­zi. ze­moaR­niS­nu­li cne­be­bis gaaz­re­bas gan­sa­kuT­re­
bu­li mniS­vne­lo­ba eni­We­ba de­mok­ra­tiu­li sa­xel­mwi­fos mSe­
neb­lo­bis pro­ces­Si, sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­doe­bis gaZ­lie­re­bi­sa
da sa­xel­mwi­fos po­li­ti­ku­ri pa­su­xis­mgeb­lo­bis sfe­roeb­Si.
vfiq­robT, rom swo­red am sa­Wi­roe­be­bis ga­mo udi­de­si mniS­
vne­lo­ba un­da mie­ni­Wos war­su­li ga­moc­di­le­bis Ses­wav­la­sa
da re­kon­struq­cias.
Cve­ni qvey­nis is­to­ria­Si sa­qar­Tve­los de­mok­ra­tiu­li
res­pub­li­ka rCe­ba de­mok­ra­tiu­li fa­seu­lo­be­bis, sa­xel­mwi­
fos so­cia­lu­ri pa­su­xis­mgeb­lo­bi­sa da gan­vi­Ta­re­bu­li sa­mo­
qa­la­qo TviT­Seg­ne­bis ni­mu­Sad. miu­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom bo­lo
pe­riod­Si aR­niS­nu­li pe­rio­dis mi­marT gaZ­lie­re­bu­lia aka­
de­miu­ri in­te­re­si, dRem­de kvlav uc­no­bia ara po­li­ti­kur
cen­trSi, ara­med re­gio­neb­Si mim­di­na­re po­li­ti­ku­ri pro­ce­
se­bi da sa­mo­qa­la­qo Ta­na­mo­na­wi­leo­bis for­me­bi. mkvle­var­
Ta jgufs yo­vel­Tvis uC­nde­bo­da kiT­xve­bi am pro­ce­seb­Tan
da­kav­Si­re­biT. ami­tom miz­nad da­vi­sa­xeT sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­
ga­doe­bis­Tvis, po­li­ti­kis mwar­moeb­le­bi­sa da sa­qar­Tve­los
mo­sax­leo­bis­Tvis Seg­ve­Ta­va­ze­bi­na pub­li­ka­cia, ro­me­lic iq­

5
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ne­bo­da 1918-1921 wleb­Si ad­gi­lob­ri­vi de­mok­ra­tii­sa da re­

gio­neb­Si ar­se­bu­li aq­ti­viz­mis Ses­wav­li­sa da gaa­na­li­ze­bis
mcde­lo­ba.
gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li mad­lie­re­ba gvin­da ga­mov­xa­toT fond
`Ria sa­zo­ga­doe­ba − sa­qar­Tve­los“ mi­marT, ro­mel­mac Se­saZ­
le­be­li ga­xa­da Cve­ni ideis gan­xor­cie­le­ba. es mxar­da­We­ra
gan­sa­kuT­re­bul mniS­vne­lo­bas iZens wels, ro­ca pir­vel qar­
Tul res­pub­li­kas 100 we­li us­rul­de­ba da sa­sur­ve­lia, rom
Cve­ni qvey­nis is­to­riis es um­niS­vne­lo­va­ne­si pe­rio­di swo­
red ana­li­ti­ku­ri Tva­liT da­vi­na­xoT.
ase­ve gan­sa­kuT­re­bul mad­lo­bas vux­diT ga­mo­ce­mis sa­mec­
nie­ro re­daq­tors le­la gaf­rin­daS­vils proeq­tis msvle­
lo­bi­sas ga­weu­li pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kon­sul­ta­cii­sa da ori­
gi­na­lu­ri rCe­ve­bis­Tvis.
mkvle­var­Ta jgu­fi­sad­mi ga­moc­xa­de­bu­li ndo­bi­sa da
mxar­da­We­ris­Tvis mad­lie­re­bas ga­mov­xa­tavT proeq­tis re­
ko­men­da­to­re­bis mi­marT, `sab­Wo­Ta kav­Si­ris kvle­vis la­bo­
ra­to­riis“ dam­fuZ­neb­lis, ana mar­gve­laS­vi­lis da Tbi­li­sis
sa­xel­mwi­fo uni­ver­si­te­tis so­cio­lo­gii­sa da so­cia­lu­ri
mu­Sao­bis mi­mar­Tu­le­bis xel­mZRva­ne­lis, `so­cia­lu­ri ana­li­
zi­sa da kvle­vis in­sti­tu­tis“ di­req­to­ris ia­go kaW­ka­WiS­vi­
lis mi­marT.
ana­li­ti­ku­ri sta­tie­bis, ker­Zod Sro­mis sa­kiT­xeb­ze we­ris
pro­ces­Si ga­ce­mu­li re­ko­men­da­cie­bis­Tvis gvin­da mad­lo­ba
ga­da­vu­xa­doT `ada­mia­nis uf­le­be­bis swav­le­bi­sa da mo­ni­to­
rin­gis cen­tris“ (EMC) Ta­nam­Sro­mels Ta­mu­na qe­bu­rias.
mad­lo­bas vux­diT sa­qar­Tve­los par­la­men­tis erov­nu­li
bib­lio­Te­kis, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT ki da­cu­li fon­dis Ta­nam­Srom­
lebs, rom­leb­mac sa­ve­le sa­mu­Saoe­bis pro­ces­Si dau­Ra­la­vi
Sro­ma gas­wies Se­sa­ba­mi­si ma­sa­le­bis mo­wo­de­biT.

6
 სარჩევი

wi­­na­­sit­­yvao­­ba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Se­­sa­­va­­li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
kvle­­vis­ me­­To­­do­­lo­­gia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

na­­wi­­li­ I.­
sta­­tie­­bi ­1918-1921 wle­­bis­ re­­gio­­nu­­li ­ga­­ze­­Te­­bi­­dan

af­­xa­­ze­­Tis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
ana­­nu­­ris­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
ar­­taa­­nis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
axal­­ci­­xis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
ba­­To­­mis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
bor­­Ca­­los­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
go­­ris­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
zes­­ta­­fo­­nis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
zug­­di­­dis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Tbi­­li­­sis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Te­­la­­vis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
leC­­xum­-ca­­ge­­ris­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
ozur­­ge­­Tis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
onis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
se­­na­­kis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

7
 სარჩევი

siR­­na­­Ris­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

qu­­Tai­­sis­ ol­­qi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

na­­wi­­li­ II.
a­na­­li­­ti­­ku­­ri ­sta­­tie­­bi

mSromelTa ­pro­­tes­­ti ­da or­­ga­­ni­­ze­­bis­

for­­me­­bi ­1918-1921 wleb­­Si
­(Tei­­mu­­raz­ be­­Ja­­ni­­Ze,­ ma­­riam­ gu­­liaS­­vi­­li) . . . . . 169

kul­­tu­­ra ­da ­xe­­lov­­ne­­ba ­sa­­qar­­Tve­­los­

pir­­vel­ res­­pub­­li­­ka­­Si
­(Ta­­mar­ me­­Wur­­WliS­­vi­­li) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

sa­­xal­­xo ­da ­moZ­­ra­­vi­ u­ni­­ver­­si­­te­­te­­bi ­

1918-1921 wleb­­Si
­(gior­­gi­ a­ro­­be­­li­­Ze,­ na­­Tia ­qar­­Ci­­la­­Ze) . . . . . . . . 205

sa­­gan­­ma­­naT­­leb­­lo­ i­ni­­cia­­ti­­ve­­bi ­da ­praq­­ti­­ke­­bi

­(Tor­­ni­­ke ­Se­­var­­dna­­Ze) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

bo­­lo­­sit­­yvao­­ba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

8
 შ ე ს ა ვ ალ ი

1991 wels mi­Re­bu­li da­mou­ki­deb­lo­bis aq­tiT sa­qar­

Tve­lo­Si de­mok­ra­tiu­li sa­xel­mwi­fos mSe­neb­lo­bas Cae­
ya­ra sa­fuZ­ve­li. de­mok­ra­tiis dam­kvid­re­bis erT-er­Ti
mniS­vne­lo­va­ni kom­po­nen­ti ad­gi­lob­ri­vi TviT­mmar­Tve­
lo­bis ar­se­bo­ba da gan­vi­Ta­re­baa, rac sxva­das­xva re­gio­
nis mo­qa­la­qe­Ta po­li­ti­kur pro­ce­seb­Si aq­tiu­ri mo­na­wi­
leo­biT miiR­we­va. TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­ba xom sa­zo­ga­doeb­ri­vi
saq­mee­bis, TviT am sa­zo­ga­doe­bis wev­re­bis mier da­mou­
ki­deb­lad da sa­ku­Ta­ri pa­su­xis­mgeb­lo­biT mo­wes­ri­ge­bas
gu­lis­xmobs. am­de­nad, TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­ba, upir­ve­le­sad
saer­To sa­kiT­xe­bis ga­da­saw­yve­tad, mo­qa­la­qe­Ta Tvi­Tor­
ga­ni­ze­bas niS­navs. ad­gi­lob­ri­vi sa­zo­ga­doe­be­bis, ro­gorc
TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­bis um­Tav­re­si su­bieq­te­bis, gaZ­lie­re­ba
au­ci­le­be­lia sai­mi­sod, rom maT re­gio­nis prob­le­ma­Ta
mo­wes­ri­ge­bis uf­le­ba, Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba da pa­su­xis­mgeb­lo­
ba ga­na­xor­cie­lon.
ro­gorc sab­Wo­Ta, ise pos­tsab­Wo­Ta epo­qa­Si sa­qar­Tve­
los de­mok­ra­tiu­li res­pub­li­kis da mas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­
li sxva­das­xva sfe­ros Se­sa­xeb araer­Ti naS­ro­mi Seiq­mna,
Tum­ca dRem­de ar ar­se­bobs pub­li­ka­cia, ro­me­lic mkiT­
xvels 1918-1921 wleb­Si sa­qar­Tve­los re­gio­neb­Si mim­di­na­
re po­li­ti­kur pro­ce­sebs gaac­nobs: ana­li­ti­kur an Tun­

9
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

dac aR­we­riT ma­sa­las, an im­droin­del pre­sa­Si ga­Su­qe­bul

re­gio­nul faq­teb­sa da mov­le­nebs.
Cven mier Ca­ta­re­bu­li kvle­va mniS­vne­lo­va­nia ro­gorc
is­to­riu­li pro­ce­se­bis aR­sa­we­rad, ise 1918-1921 wle­bis
ga­moc­di­le­bis Ta­na­med­ro­ve sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si gad­mo­sa­ta­nad,
im­Ja­min­del da Ta­na­med­ro­ve rea­lo­ba­ze er­Tdrou­li ref­
leq­siis­Tvis.
proeq­ti `ad­gi­lob­ri­vi de­mok­ra­tia sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si −
1918-1921 wle­bis ga­moc­di­le­ba“ miz­nad isa­xav­da pir­ve­li
res­pub­li­kis pe­riod­Si sa­qar­Tve­los re­gio­neb­Si mim­di­na­
re mov­le­ne­bis Ses­wav­la-ana­lizs, ris­Tvi­sac Cven ga­mov­
ya­viT so­cia­lu­ri, eko­no­mi­ku­ri, kul­tu­rul-sa­gan­ma­naT­
leb­lo, cen­trsa da re­gions So­ris ur­Tier­To­bis, Sro­mis
uf­le­ba­sa da Sro­miT gaer­Tia­ne­beb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li sa­
kiT­xe­bi.

10
 კვლევის
მეთოდოლოგია

Cven mier Ser­Ceu­li sa­kiT­xe­bis Se­sas­wav­lad ga­mo­vi­ye­

neT kvle­vis Tvi­seb­ri­vi me­To­di: 1918-1921 wleb­Si ga­mo­
ce­mu­li pe­rio­du­li pre­sis do­ku­men­tu­ri ana­li­zi. Seg­ro­
vi­li ma­sa­la aR­wers am pe­riod­Si sa­qar­Tve­los re­gio­neb­Si
mim­di­na­re po­li­ti­ku­ri, so­cia­lu­ri, kul­tu­rul-sa­gan­
ma­naT­leb­lo pro­ce­se­bis Ta­vi­se­bu­re­bebs, im­droin­de­li
sa­zo­ga­doe­bis, ada­mia­ne­bis prob­le­meb­sa da sa­Wi­roe­bebs,
ro­mel­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba qvey­nis da­mou­ki­deb­lo­bis sa­kiT­
xebs, eko­no­mi­kur mdgo­ma­reo­bas, TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­bebs,
Sro­miT ur­Tier­To­bebs, qal­Ta sa­kiT­xeb­sa da so­cia­lur
prob­le­ma­ti­kas exe­ba.
aR­niS­nu­li me­To­dis ga­mo­ye­ne­bam sa­Sua­le­ba mog­vca 1918-
1921 wle­bis mov­le­ne­bis er­Tian su­raT­Si dag­ve­na­xa re­gio­ne­
bis spe­ci­fi­ka, aq­tua­lu­ri sa­kiT­xe­bis di­na­mi­ka, sa­zo­ga­doeb­
ri­vi da po­li­ti­ku­ri Tval­Ta­xed­ve­bis mra­val­fe­rov­ne­ba.

• sak­vle­vi obieq­tis Ser­Ce­va da mo­na­cem­Ta Seg­ro­ve­ba

pir­ve­li res­pub­li­kis re­gio­neb­Si mim­di­na­re mniS­vne­lo­

va­ni da aq­tua­lu­ri pro­ce­se­bis Se­sas­wav­lad ga­mo­vi­ye­neT

11
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

qar­Tul da ru­sul eneb­ze ga­mo­ma­va­li Jur­nal-ga­ze­Te­bi.

kvle­vam moic­ va pe­rio­ di 1918 wlis mai­ si­
dan 1921 wlis
mar­tam­de.
kvle­vis Tav­da­pir­vel etap­ze Se­vag­ro­veT da da­va­zus­
teT in­for­ma­cia ga­ze­Te­bis, Jur­na­le­bi­sa da sxva pe­rio­
du­li ga­mo­ce­me­bis Se­sa­xeb. Sem­deg etap­ze da­vad­gi­neT sa­
Wi­ro ma­sa­lis ad­gil­mde­ba­reo­ba, xo­lo sa­bo­lood − par­
la­men­tis erov­nu­li bib­lio­Te­kis ar­qi­vis sa­Zie­bo sis­te­
mis mi­xed­viT, mo­vax­di­neT ma­sa­lis Te­ma­tu­ri kla­si­fi­ka­cia
da pe­rio­di­za­cia.
kvle­vis sa­ve­le sa­mu­Saoe­bi mim­di­na­reob­da sa­qar­Tve­
los par­la­men­tis erov­nul bib­lio­Te­ka­Si (da­cu­li fon­
de­bi, eleq­tro­nu­li ma­sa­le­bi) da erov­nul ar­qiv­Si (vi­
zua­lu­ri ma­sa­la).

• mo­na­cem­Ta ana­li­zi

ad­mi­nis­tra­ciu­li er­Teu­le­bis­Tvis mi­Re­bu­li ter­mi­

no­lo­gia ara­vi­Tar ka­non­zo­mie­re­bas ar mis­devs, ami­to­mac
kvle­vis pro­ces­Si ga­dav­wyvi­teT, re­gio­ne­bi dag­vej­gu­fe­
bi­na wign `ero­bis“ mier Se­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li ter­mi­no­lo­giis mi­
xed­viT − ro­ca ad­mi­nis­tra­ciu­li er­Teu­le­bis sa­xe­le­bi
na­war­moe­bia an mi­si cen­tris sa­xe­li­dan, an er­Teu­le­bis
is­to­riu­li sa­xe­le­bis mi­xed­viT. ga­mo­nak­li­sia tfi­li­sis
ol­qi, ro­mel­sac ar aqvs is­to­riu­li sa­xel­wo­de­ba, Tu­ki
aseT sa­xe­lad ar mi­vi­RebT ter­mins `sa­mo­qa­la­qo“. bor­Ca­
los olqs ki pi­ri­qiT, ar aqvs ad­mi­nis­tra­ciu­li cen­tri,
swo­red ami­to­mac aris, rom `ero­ba­Si“ ga­mo­nak­li­sis sa­xiT
da­to­ve­bu­lia mi­si Zve­li sa­xel­wo­de­ba.
Jur­nal-ga­ze­Te­bi­sa Tu saar­qi­vo ma­sa­lis gac­no­bam sa­
Sua­le­ba mog­vca pir­ve­li res­pub­li­kis pe­rio­dis mov­le­ne­

12
 კვლევის მეთოდოლოგია

bi­dan, sa­kiT­xe­bi­dan ga­mog­ve­yo da mkiT­xve­lis­Tvis Seg­ve­

Ta­va­ze­bi­na Sem­de­gi Te­me­bi:

1. kul­tu­ru­li da sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo ini­cia­ti­ve­bi

2. so­cia­lu­ri pro­ce­se­bi: Sro­mi­Ti ur­Tier­To­bis for­
me­bi, Sro­mi­Ti pro­tes­te­bi da gaer­Tia­ne­bis for­me­bi
3. po­li­ti­ku­ri rea­lo­ba da sa­xel­mwi­fos Ca­mo­ya­li­be­
bis sa­mo­mav­lo xed­ve­bi
4. eko­no­mi­ku­ri mdgo­ma­reo­bis Se­fa­se­bi­sa da gan­vi­Ta­
re­bis ar­se­bu­li mid­go­me­bi
5. Ta­nas­wo­ro­bis idea da gen­de­ru­li sa­kiT­xe­bi

pub­li­ka­ciis meo­re na­wil­Si Se­mo­Ta­va­ze­bul sta­tieb­Si

ki Se­ve­ca­deT gag­vea­na­li­ze­bi­na uSua­lod re­gio­ne­bis, so­
cia­lu­ri da po­li­ti­ku­ri pro­tes­te­bis, sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo
pro­ce­sis Ta­vi­se­bu­re­be­bi da ga­mog­ve­yo Sem­de­gi sa­kiT­xe­bi:

1. Sro­mi­Ti wi­naaR­mde­go­be­bi da Sro­mi­Ti gaer­Tia­ne­be­

bis for­me­bi
2. kul­tu­ru­li ini­cia­ti­ve­bi
3. sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo pro­ce­se­bi da proeq­te­bi

vfiq­robT, mkiT­xve­lis­Tvis sain­te­re­so iq­ne­ba Cve­ni

kvle­vis Se­de­ge­bis gac­no­ba: ro­gorc 1918-1921 wle­bis pe­
rio­du­li pre­sis ma­sa­la, ise − Te­me­bi, rom­le­bic Cven Ta­
na­med­ro­ve qar­Tu­li sa­xel­mwi­fos­Tvis, sa­zo­ga­doe­bis­Tvis
aq­tua­lu­rad mi­viC­nieT. ime­di gvaqvs, rom war­mod­ge­ni­li
pub­li­ka­cia mkvlev­reb­Si, sa­mo­qa­la­qo aq­ti­vis­teb­Si axal
wa­mow­ye­bebs mis­cems biZgs, rac sa­bo­lood so­cia­lu­ri da
po­li­ti­ku­ri cvli­le­be­bis sa­win­da­ri iq­ne­ba.

13
 ნაწილი I

სტატიები
1918-1921 წლების
რეგიონული გაზეთებიდან

* pir­vel na­wil­Si ibeW­de­ba sta­tie­bi 1918-

1921 wle­bis pe­rio­du­li ga­mo­ce­me­bi­dan.
Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, maT­Si Se­nar­Cu­ne­bu­lia ro­
gorc av­to­ris sti­li, ise im epo­qis­Tvis
da­ma­xa­sia­Te­be­li or­Tog­ra­fia. aS­ka­ra ko­
req­tu­ru­li Sec­do­me­bi Cas­wo­re­bu­lia.
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

1. qarTveli mwerlebi quTaisSi,

poeziis dRis aRsaniSnavad
2. baTumi
3. maswavlebelTa saxli, yofili
16 palas hoteli. quTaisi, stalinis quCa
 ა ფ ხ აზ ე თ ი ს ო ლ ქ ი

საქართველო
აფხაზეთში

`ori di­di de­mon­stra­ciis mow­me­ni vi­ya­viT Cven am

dReeb­Si: pir­ve­li 26 maiss da meo­re 1-l iv­niss dam­fuZ­
ne­be­li kre­bis sa­gan­ge­bo sxdo­mi­sas, ro­de­sac mTe­li eri
ac­xa­deb­da sur­vils da­mou­ki­deb­lad cxov­re­bi­sas da am
da­mou­ki­deb­lo­bis dac­va­Si igi ar uf­rTxo­da Se­ta­ke­bas
uf­ro Zlier mxa­res­Ta­nac, vid­re de­ni­ki­nia. saer­To zeim­
ma da uf­ro saer­To saf­rTxem wa­Sa­la droe­biT par­tia­Ta
So­ris gan­sxva­ve­ba­ni da me ar vi­ci vi­si sit­yva sjob­da par­
la­men­tSi: pat­rio­tu­li vam­CnevT, mxo­lod min­da aR­vniS­no
ori friad Seu­sa­ba­mo mov­le­na; grZno­biT aR­sav­se sit­yva
s. ke­dia­si, Tu mTe­li sa­qar­Tve­lo­sad­mi mi­mar­Tu­li sit­yva
k. v. ju­Re­li­sa an sit­yva mi­nis­tris n. ra­miS­vi­li­sa. sit­
yve­bis Ri­re­bu­le­ba gan­saz­Rvru­lia, ra Tqma un­da, mag­ram
am sit­yve­bis iqiT Cve­na vgrZnob­diT mTlian sa­qar­Tve­los
da swo­red es iyo mi­ze­zi, rom ase­Ti Si­naar­si­sa da siR­
rmis el­fers aZ­lev­da maT.
pa­ta­ra eri uf­ro Za­lu­mad ga­nic­dis erov­nul grZno­

17
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ba­Ta sic­xo­ve­les, vid­re di­di da qar­Tve­li eric ga­mo­nak­

li­ si ar aris am Sem­ Txve­va­
Si. da swo­ red am pat­ rio­ tul
grZno­ba­Ta Rel­va­sa vxe­dav­diT Cven zo­gad fra­za­Ta Tqmis
dros dam­fuZ­ne­bel kre­bis me­mar­cxe­ne ora­tor­Ta sit­yveb­
Si. Cven bev­ri ra­me gvaqvs sa­da­vo da an­ga­riS­ga­sas­wo­re­be­
li er­Tma­neT­Tan.
es Sin. ga­reT ki er­Tni varT yve­la­ni, aris es ca­rie­li
sit­yve­bi? ara, er­Ti wlis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si Cven mra­val­jer
ga­va­mar­TleT es.
sa­qar­Tve­los sa­xel­mwi­foeb­ri­vo­ba aRa­ra hgavs Je­la­
ti­ni­seul, uZ­vlo ma­sas. igi CaJ­de­ba kaJ­de­ba dRi­Tid­Re.
kon­tu­ri Con­Cxi mi­si sxeu­li­sa uk­ve aS­ka­rad xel­Se­sa­xe­bia
da sul ax­loa mi­si mka­fio for­mis Ca­mo­ya­li­be­ba. sa­Wi­roa
amis­Tvis mTlia­ni erov­nu­li po­li­ti­kis war­moe­ba. aq cen­
trSi da ag­reT­ve pe­ri­fe­rieb­Si, iq, sa­dac uf­ro cxov­la­da
hgrZno­ben yo­vel­gvar mer­yeo­bas, mtki­ce geg­mis uqon­lo­
bas.
me msurs od­nav Se­ve­xo dRes sa­qar­Tve­los erov­nul po­
li­ti­kas, uke­Ta vsTqvaT mis srul uqon­lo­bas af­xa­zeT­Si,
sa­qar­Tve­los yve­la­zed mniS­vne­lo­van ga­na­pi­ra kuT­xe­Si.
um­Tav­re­si Sex­la ru­seT­Tan, dRe­van­de­li de­ni­ki­nis iq­
ne­ba igi Tu sxva vin­me jgu­fi­sa, mo­nar­qis­tu­li, Tu de­mok­
ra­tiu­li, mog­vix­de­ba aq af­xa­zeT­Si da sa­qar­Tve­los moaz­
rov­ne na­wils sru­li uf­le­ba aqvs gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li taq­ti,
cod­na da ener­gia mos­Txo­vos yo­vel mTav­ro­bas mTlian
sa­qar­Tve­los ideis­gan gan­sam­tki­ceb­lad af­xa­zeT­Si.
iyo ki es ase? aramc Tu mtki­ ce erov­ nul po­ li­ti­kas
aqam­de ad­gi­li ara hqo­nia, Cven eW­vi gve­ba­de­ba ima­Sic ki,
rom moq­me­de­bis rai­me saer­To xa­zi yo­fi­li­yos Se­mu­Sa­ve­
bu­li, war­moe­bu­li aqam­de Cve­ni mTav­ro­bis mier am mxa­
re­Si. ga­nuw­yve­te­li mer­yeo­ba − xan erT xan meo­re jguf­
zed day­ rdno­ ba. iyo da aris dRe­ sac faq­ te­
bi? ine­ beT:

18
 აფხაზეთის ოლქი

sa­yo­vel­Tao ar­Cev­ne­bis dros af­xa­ze­Tis erov­nul sab­Wo­

Si mmar­Tve­li s. d. par­tia iRebs um­rav­le­so­bas ara qar­
Tvel­Ta an af­xaz­Ta, ara­med sxva ere­bis xme­biT. Tu ram­
de­naT sa­Tuoa ase­Ti `um­rav­le­so­ba“, es naT­lad dag­va­na­xa
q. so­xu­mis uka­nas­knel­ma sa­qa­la­qo ar­Cev­neb­ma, ro­de­sac s.
d. par­tiam dai­ka­va me­sa­me ad­gi­li (pir­ve­li da meo­re ad­
gi­li dai­Wi­res erTv-de­mok­ra­tiam da ber­Zne­bis ed­rovn.
siam) da saer­Tod yve­la so­cia­lis­tur­ma par­tiam gaiy­va­na
na­xe­var­zed nak­le­bi xmo­san­Ta saer­To ric­xvi­sa (ero­be­bis
ar­Cev­neb­Siac ige­mes uk­ve da­mar­cxe­ba s. d. ma ma­ga­li­Tad
ko­do­ris uban­Si)“.

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #118, 1919

სოჭი

ian­vris 30. `ian­vris 26 Ses­dga di­di mi­tin­gi rus­Ta erov­

nul sab­Wos sa­wi­naaR­mde­go, rom­lis daar­se­bac me­mar­jve­ne
ele­men­tebs da mo­nar­qis­tebs ga­nuz­ra­xavs. sab­Wos dam­cve­
lad ga­mo­sul ora­to­rebs gav­le­na ar qon­daT. mi­tin­gma er­
Txmad, wi­naaR­mdeg oT­xi­sa, mii­Ro Sem­de­gi re­zo­lu­cia: 1)
so­Wis ol­qis de­mok­ra­tia, ro­me­lic sa­qar­Tve­los de­mok­ra­
tiul res­pub­li­kis mfar­ve­lo­bis qveS im­yo­fe­ba da icavs mas
mo­xa­li­se­Ta ja­ris dev­na-Se­viw­ro­ve­bi­sa­gan. 2) so­Wis ol­qis
de­mok­ra­tia aramc Tu ar mii­Rebs rus­Ta erov­nul sab­Wos
daar­se­ba­Si mo­na­wi­leo­bas, ara­med ener­giu­lad pro­tests
ac­xa­debs yo­vel­gvar erov­nul sab­Woe­bis ar­se­bo­bis wi­naaR­
mdeg. 3) rus­Ta erov­nul sab­Wos daar­se­ba, rac ad­gi­lob­riv

19
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

me­mar­jve­ne na­cio­na­lis­te­bis Taos­no­biT xde­ba da ra­sac win

uZ­Rvis Cven me­go­bar qar­Tvel de­mok­ra­tia­ze ci­lis­wa­me­ba −
mi­mar­Tu­lia saer­Tod mTe­li de­mok­ra­tiis sa­za­ra­loT da
ewi­naaR­mde­ge­ba mis in­te­re­sebs“.

`Sro­ma“, #24, 1919

აფხაზეთის ავტონომია

`af­xa­ze­Tis sa­xal­xo sab­Wos de­le­ga­teb­ma we­ri­lo­bi­

Ti gan­cxa­de­be­biT mi­mar­Tes dam­fuZ­ne­be­li kre­bis pre­zi­
diums, sa­dac ga­moT­qmu­lia sur­vi­li, rom dam­fuZ­ne­bel
kre­bis mo­ma­val se­sia­Si gar­Ceul iq­nas Sem­de­gi sa­kiT­xe­bi:
1) av­to­no­miur af­xa­ze­Tis sa­qar­Tve­los na­wi­lad cno­bis
Se­sa­xeb. 2) im saq­meeb­Si, ro­me­lic eq­vem­de­ba­re­ba af­xa­ze­
Tis sa­ka­non­mdeb­lo or­ga­nos, am or­ga­nos moq­me­de­ba iyos
sav­se­biT da­mou­ki­de­be­li da 3) ad­gi­lob­riv aR­mas­ru­le­
bel Za­lad CaiT­va­los av­to­no­miur 1) af­xa­ze­Tis mTav­ro­
ba. es sa­kiT­xi gair­Ca sa­kon­sti­tu­cio ko­mi­sia­Si, ro­mel­mac
daad­gi­na: de­bu­le­ba res­pub­li­kis na­wi­le­bis av­to­no­miis
Se­sa­xeb ga­mom­di­na­reobs sa­xel­mwi­fos sa­zo­ga­do kon­sti­
tu­cii­dan. af­xa­ze­Tis av­to­no­miis Se­sa­xeb ga­mom­di­na­reobs
sa­xel­mwi­fos sa­zo­ga­do kon­sti­tu­cii­dan. af­xa­ze­Tis av­
to­no­miis mi­Re­ba anu na­wi­lob­ri­vi cno­ba ama Tu im prin­ci­
pe­bi­sa SeuZ­le­be­lia, sa­nam ar aris mi­Re­bu­li kon­sti­tu­cia
mTlia­nad, 2) sa­xal­xo sab­Wom de­le­ga­te­bis mier gan­cxa­
de­ba­Si das­mul sa­kiT­xe­bis Se­ta­na dam­fuZ­ne­bel kre­ba­Si
dauS­ve­be­lia ar­se­bul par­la­men­ta­rul wes­de­bis Za­liT. 3)

20
 აფხაზეთის ოლქი

av­to­no­miis prin­ci­pi, mi­Re­bu­li kon­sti­tu­ciis proeq­tSi

sav­se­biT uz­run­vel­yo­fi­lia. 4) de­bu­le­ba av­to­no­miis Se­
sa­xeb Se­ta­ni­li da gar­Ceu­li iq­ne­ba dam­fuZ­ne­be­li kre­bis
mo­ma­val se­sia­Si“.

`sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka:
mTav­ro­bis moam­be“, #204, 1920

სოხუმის მუშებზე

Za­lian cud pi­ro­beb­Si ux­de­baT dRes cxov­re­ba ara­Tu

mar­to pro­le­ta­ria­tis far­Te ma­sas, ara­med yve­la fi­zi­
ku­rad mSro­me­leb­sac ki. es, ra­sak­vir­ve­lia, ga­mow­veu­lia
Cve­ni eko­no­mi­ku­ri arev-da­re­viT er­Ti, da meo­re − saer­
Ta­So­ri­so gar­da­ma­val qar­te­xi­liT, ro­me­lic ki mTel
msof­lios cec­xlad mos­de­bia da ka­cob­rio­bis ma­moZ­ra­ve­
bel bor­bals Sors uf­skrul­Si is­vris.
Cven ar gvik­virs, rad­ga­nac es is­to­riu­li mov­le­na da
mi­si gar­da­ma­va­li xa­naa. mo­va dro, yve­la­fe­ri es amoi­wu­
re­ba da cxov­re­ba isev ise Ta­vis Cveu­leb­riv ka­la­pot­Si
Cad­ge­ba.
es kia sam­wu­xa­ro, rom dRes dReo­biT man Ta­vis koS­ma­
ri pro­le­ta­ria­tis far­Te ma­sas daa­te­xa Tavs da co­ta­Ti
mainc Seh­bor­ka is.
msof­lio omam­de ki is mwva­ve­Ta grZnob­da po­li­ti­kur
sa­kiTxs, vid­re dRes, rad­gan, ro­gorc ze­viT mo­vix­se­nieT,
eko­no­mi­kur­ma uRir­so­bam mu­Sa im Ci­xam­dis miiy­va­na, rom
mas waar­Tva Ta­vi­su­fa­li Se­mec­ne­ba po­li­ti­ku­ri ideo­lo­

21
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

gii­sa da erT luk­ma pu­ris Zeb­na­Si im­de­nad gar­Tul­da,

rom mas aRar sca­lian amis­Tvis“.

`si­mar­Tlis xma“, #1, 1921

დეპეშა
საქართველოს იურიდიულად ცნობა

af­xa­ze­Tis ko­mi­sa­riat­ma 30 ian­vars, sa­Ra­mos 7 sT-ze,

Tbi­li­si­dan Sem­de­gi de­pe­Sa mii­Ro: `gat­yo­bi­nebT, rom 27
ian­vars umaR­les­ma sab­Wom iu­ri­diu­lad ic­no sa­qar­Tve­
los da­mou­ki­deb­lo­ba“.
Sin. saq. mi­nis­tri n. ra­miS­vi­li

`si­mar­Tlis xma“, #2, 1921

სოხუმი

`ax­lov­de­ba dro, ro­de­sac af­xa­ze­Tis te­ri­to­ria­

ze mcxov­reb­ma xal­xma un­da ga­mos­Tqvas Ta­vi­si sur­vi­li
Tu vis­Tan surs mas Se­kav­Si­re­ba, ro­gorc Wir-va­ram­Si,
ise sit­kboe­ba-ne­ta­re­ba­Si. ueW­ve­li mSro­me­li xal­xi xels
mSro­mel xalxs gau­wo­debs da mas­Tan Sek­ravs kav­Sirs, mag­

22
 აფხაზეთის ოლქი

ram sa­va­la­lo da dam­Rup­ve­li is iq­ne­ba, Tu sa­kiT­xis ga­

daw­yve­ta na­cio­na­lis­tebs Cau­var­de­baT xel­Si, isi­ni moa­
So­re­ben er­Ti na­ciis mSro­mels meo­re na­cii­sas da amiT
daq­saq­sa­ven im Za­lebs, rom­lis er­To­ba­Sia siZ­lie­re da mo­
ma­va­li bed­nie­re­ba mSro­me­li xal­xi­sa. Tu de­mok­ra­tiam da
mis­ma xel­mZRva­nel­ma in­ter­na­cio­na­lur par­tieb­ma gai­mar­
jves, ma­Sin ki sru­li ime­di aris, rom af­xa­ze­Tis de­mok­ra­
tia Seu­kav­Sir­de­ba sa­qar­Tve­los de­mok­ra­tias da xe­li­xel
Ca­ki­de­bu­li Seud­ge­bian sae­ro cxov­re­bas. Tu da­mar­cxda
de­mok­ra­tia: daa­So­re­ben or Zmebs er­Tma­neTs, dai­kar­ge­ba
ru­se­Tis di­di re­vo­lu­ciis mo­na­po­va­ri Ta­vi­suf­le­ba, dai­
Cag­re­ba isev mSro­me­li xal­xi da ga­ba­ton­de­ba is pa­ra­zi­ti,
ro­me­lic re­vo­lu­ciam­dis ga­nu­kiT­xa­vad swov­da sisxls
mSro­mel xalxs...“

`Sro­ma“, #50, 1919

საქართველოს
პროფ. კავშირთა ყრილობა

`12 ap­ri­lis sa­Ra­mos sxdo­ma.

so­xu­mis war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li ac­nobs yri­lo­bas ad­gi­lob­
riv mu­Sa­Ta pro­fe­sio­na­lur sab­Woe­bis mdgo­ma­reo­bas. iq
12 kav­Si­ri ar­se­bobs, mu­Sa­Ta ric­xvi 2 aTa­sam­de aris, cen­
tra­lur kav­Sirs aqvs ga­mar­Tu­li sam­kiT­xve­lo, kiT­xu­lo­
ben leq­ciebs, ar­se­bobs ag­reT­ve saa­vad­myo­fo ka­se­bi.
bor­jo­mis war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li aR­niS­navs, rom ad­gi­lob­riv

23
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

mi­ze­ze­bis ga­mo ver moew­yo pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­Si­re­bi da

mxo­lod mu­Sa­Ta sab­Wos ir­gvliv moi­ya­res Ta­vi mu­Seb­ma,
ro­me­lic icav­da maT in­te­re­sebs. mi­Re­bu­lia zo­me­bi, rom
daar­sdes pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­Si­re­bi. bor­jo­mis war­moe­
beb­Si 1200 mu­Saa: eg­reT wo­de­bu­li Sa­vi mu­Se­bi 500-600 man.
spe­cia­lis­te­bi 1000-1700 man. sa­xex qar­xa­na­Si `akor­diT“
mu­Sao­ba Se­moi­Res, ra­mac war­moe­ba gaa­Ca­Ra da Tu wi­naT
ze­mox­se­ne­bu­li qar­xa­na di­daT za­ra­lob­da, ex­la Ta­vis
xar­jebs fa­ravs da mi­si lik­vi­da­ciis kiT­xva aRa­ra sdge­
ba. de­le­ga­te­bi Se­kiT­xvas aZ­le­ven, Tu raT das­Tan­xmdnen
akor­diT mu­Sao­bas, ro­me­lic mu­Sa­Ta kla­sis prin­ci­pebs
ewi­naaR­mde­ge­ba.
mom­xse­ne­be­li upa­su­xebs da aR­niS­navs, rom sa­xex qar­xa­
na­Si ise­Ti mdgo­ma­reo­ba Seiq­mna, rom mTlad un­da da­ke­ti­
li­yo war­moe­ba. ama­Si mu­Seb­sac miuZ­Ro­daT bra­li, ar iyo
Seg­ne­ba maT­Si da aman gvai­Zu­la dav­Tan­xme­bu­li­ya­viT akor­
diT mu­Sao­bas. mu­Sao­ba aris mxo­lod 8 saa­Ti da zed­mets
arc erT wuTs ar mu­Sao­ben.
tyi­bu­lis war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li aR­niS­navs, rom tyi­bul­Si
wi­naT ara­vi­Ta­ri or­ga­ni­za­ciu­li mu­Sao­ba ar swar­moeb­da
da es iyo mi­ze­zi, rom mox­da ga­fic­va, ro­me­lic mu­Sa­Ta
kla­sis sru­li da­mar­cxe­biT dam­Tav­rda. tyi­bul­Si iyo er­
Ti pa­ta­ra jgu­fi mu­Se­bi­sa, ro­me­lic ga­fic­vis dros ar
uWer­da mxars maT da swo­reT am jgu­fis me­Tau­ro­biT ex­la
iq daiw­yo or­ga­ni­za­ciu­li mu­Sao­ba. ori Tvea, rac daar­
sda pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­Si­ri, ro­mel­Sic yve­la mu­Se­bi Se­
dian...“

`er­To­ba“, #85, 1919

24
 აფხაზეთის ოლქი

* * *

`so­Wis som­xe­bi. `so­mex­Ta erov­nul sab­Wom mii­Ro cno­

ba, rom so­Wis ol­qSi uka­nas­kne­li aRel­ve­bis dros ad­gi­
lob­ri­vi so­me­xi mcxov­reb­le­bi ga­mo­vid­nen sa­qar­Tve­los
res­pub­li­kis ja­ris wi­naaR­mdeg. gaar­Cia ra Seq­mni­li mdgo­
ma­reo­ba, som­xis erov­nul sab­Wom daad­gi­na: dau­yov­neb­liv
de­pe­SiT ac­no­bon so­Wis na­cio­na­lur ko­mi­tets, rom uka­
nas­knel­ma mii­Ros zo­me­bi som­xis mcxov­reb­Ta da­sam­Svi­deb­
laT da ama­ve dros eT­xo­vos sa­qar­Tve­los mTav­ro­bas gag­
zav­nos so­Wa­Si sa­gan­ge­bo ko­mi­sia, rom­lis Se­mad­gen­lo­ba­Si
un­da Se­vi­des som­xe­Tis na­cio­na­lu­ri sab­Wos er­Ti war­mo­
mad­ge­ne­li“.

`Sro­ma“, #31, 1919

სოჭის ამბების გარშემო

`Tbi­lis­Si myof yve­la uc­xo sa­xel­mwi­foe­bis mi­sia­Ta

uf­ro­sebs sa­ga­reo saq­me­Ta sa­mi­nis­trom Sem­de­gi Si­naar­sis
no­ta daug­zav­na:
`Tbi­lis­Si mi­Re­bul ofi­cia­lur cno­be­biT mo­xa­li­se­Ta
ja­ris sar­dle­bi so­Wis aRe­bis Sem­deg api­re­ben dax­vri­ton
iq myo­fi sa­qar­Tve­los yve­la Ta­nam­de­bo­bis pi­ri: sa­xel­
mwi­fo qo­ne­ba­Ta gam­ge da glex­Ta kav­Si­ris Tav­jdo­ma­re va­
si­lie­vi, Sro­mis ko­mi­sa­ri in­Ji­ne­ri cvan­ge­ri, pub­li­cis­ti
pet­ro­vi da sxva. aR­niS­nu­li pir­ni cno­bil­ni arian mTel
ru­seT­Si Ta­vi­si war­su­li moR­va­weo­biT da Cven­Tan sa­pa­su­

25
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

xis­mgeb­lo Ta­nam­de­bo­ba­ni eWi­raT. vauw­yebT amas Tqven aR­

ma­te­bu­lad, ra­Ta mii­RoT Tqve­nis mxriT Se­sa­fe­ri zo­me­bi
mo­xa­li­se­Ta ja­ris sar­dlo­bis mier Ta­vis mtrad miC­neul
pir­Ta aseT das­jis asa­ci­leb­laT. sa­qar­Tve­los mTav­
ro­ba gic­xa­debT, rom Tu mo­xa­li­se­Ta ja­ris sar­dlo­bam
ase­Ti Se­maZ­rwu­ne­be­li saq­me Cai­di­na, an Tu rai­me rep­re­
siebs mi­mar­Ta ma­Ti war­su­li moR­va­weo­bi­sa da an sa­qar­Tve­
los res­pub­li­ki­sad­mi sim­pa­tii­saT­vis, ma­Sin sa­qar­Tve­los
mTav­ro­ba sas­tik zo­mebs mi­mar­Tavs im pir­Ta wi­naaR­mdeg,
ro­mel­nic sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si scxov­ro­ben da rai­me kav­Si­ri
aqvT mo­xa­li­se­Ta jar­Tan“.
sa­ga­reo saq­me­Ta mi­nis­trma in­gli­sis mi­siis uf­ross
Sem­de­gi Si­naar­sis no­ta gaug­zav­na:
`Tqve­ni aR­ma­te­bu­le­bis mox­se­ne­ba, rom sa­qar­Tve­los mTav­
ro­bam ara er­Txel ga­nac­xa­da so­Wis ol­qis dac­lis sur­vi­li
mxo­lod im pi­ro­biT, rom mom­xda­ri­yo sa­da­vo zo­nis neit­ra­
li­za­cia da iq in­gli­sis ja­ris na­wi­li da­ba­na­ke­bu­li­yo. sa­
qar­Tve­los mTav­ro­bis az­riT sa­kiT­xis mxo­lod aseT sa­xiT
ga­daW­ras SeeZ­lo Ta­vi­dan ae­ci­le­bi­na Se­ta­ke­ba sa­qar­Tve­
lo­sa da mo­xa­li­se­Ta jars So­ris. mo­xa­li­se­Ta ja­ris mzak­
vru­li Tav­das­xma da sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­kis wi­naaR­mdeg
sam­xed­ro moq­me­de­bis daw­ye­ba na­Tel­yofs aseT Se­xe­du­le­bis
sis­wo­res. am faq­ti­dan ga­mom­di­na­reobs er­Ti ur­ye­vi das­kvna,
rom ase­Ti Tav­das­xme­bis Ta­vi­dan aSo­re­bis miz­niT sa­qar­Tve­
los mTav­ro­ba ver dauS­vebs, rom sa­qar­Tve­los mo­saz­Rvre
na­wi­li mo­xa­li­se­Ta jars eWi­ros. amis ga­mo sa­qar­Tve­los
res­pub­li­kis mTav­ro­ba wi­na­da­de­bas iZ­le­va gaiw­min­dos so­Wis
ol­qi mo­xa­li­se­Ta ja­ris­gan da mox­des neit­ra­li­za­cia in­
gli­sis pi­ke­te­bis iq Sey­va­niT, vid­re am sa­da­vo zo­nis sa­kiT­xi
sa­bo­lood sa­za­vo kon­fe­ren­cia­ze ga­daw­yde­bo­des“.

`Sro­ma“, #32, 1919

26
 აფხაზეთის ოლქი

თამბაქოს წარმოება
აფხაზეთში

`af­xa­zeT­Si Tam­ba­qos kul­tu­ras pir­ve­li ad­gi­li uWi­

ravs xal­xis eko­no­miur cxov­re­ba­Si. 1917 wlam­de me­Tam­
ba­qoeo­bas mis­dev­da mcxov­reb­Ta ume­te­si na­wi­li. gu­mis­
tis maz­ra ak­va­nia me­Tam­ba­qoeo­bi­sa af­xa­zeT­Si. is iZ­leo­da
mTe­li mo­sav­lis sam meoT­xeds. uka­nas­knel xa­neb­Si af­xa­
zeT­Si na­xe­var mi­lion fuT­ze me­ti Tam­ba­qo mo­yav­daT yo­
vel wliu­rad. mo­no­po­liis ga­moc­xa­de­bis Sem­deg ga­moir­
kva, rom af­xa­zeT­Si, qa­la­qeb­Si da sof­leb­Si 930... fu­Ti
Tam­ba­qoa dag­ro­vi­li 1918 wlis mo­sa­va­lis nar­Ce­ni. 1918
wels na­xe­var mi­lion fu­Tis ma­giv­rad asi aTa­si fu­Ti
Tam­ba­qo Zlivs da­mu­Sav­da. mi­ze­zi Sem­de­gi iyo: ro­ca 1917
wels ru­seT­Si bol­Se­vi­ke­bi ga­ba­ton­dnen, mox­da mo­sav­lis
sa­Sua­le­ba­Ta de­zor­ga­ni­za­cia da Cve­ni qve­ya­nac Ta­vis ana­
ba­ra dar­Ca − af­xa­zeT­Si sa­val­de­bu­lod ga­moc­xad­da pu­ri­
sa da si­min­dis moy­va­na maT­Tvi­sac, vi­sac Tam­ba­qo mo­yav­da,
vi­nai­dan ru­se­Ti­dan pu­ris mi­Re­bis ime­di ar iyo. 1918 da
1919 w. iseT mdgo­ma­reo­ba­Si Ca­var­dnen me­Tam­ba­qoe­ni, rom
fuT Tam­ba­qos si­min­dze cvlid­nen, rac niS­navs fuT Tam­
ba­qo­ze 20-jer mainc fa­sis da­ce­mas...“

`er­To­ba“, #31, 1920

27
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ტყვარჩელის ქვანახშირის
კონცესია

`mTav­ro­bam da dam­fuZ­ne­bel kre­bis sa­fi­nan­so ko­mi­siam

uk­ve moi­wo­na da am dReeb­Si dam­fuZ­ne­bel kre­ba­Si gan­xi­
lu­li iq­ne­ba xel­Sek­ru­le­ba, da­de­bu­li fi­nan­sTa mi­nis­
tris k. kan­de­la­kis mier ita­liel ka­pi­ta­lis­teb­Tan.
Cven yo­vel­Tvis vam­bob­diT da ax­lac am az­ri­sa varT,
rom Cve­ni sim­did­ree­bis asa­moZ­ra­veb­laT un­da ga­mo­vi­ye­
noT ara mar­to ad­gi­lob­riv Zal­Ta ini­cia­ti­va, ara­med,
ram­de­naT mo­sa­xer­xe­be­li iq­ne­ba, un­da mo­viw­vioT uc­xoel­
Ta ka­pi­ta­li, cod­na da ga­moc­di­le­ba.
tyvar­Ce­lis kon­ce­siis xel­Sek­ru­le­ba di­di na­bi­jia am
mxriv. nax­Si­ri sa­fuZ­ve­lia sa­zo­ga­doT mrew­ve­lo­bis gan­
vi­Ta­re­bis. Tu in­glis­Si da ger­ma­nia­Si mrew­ve­lo­ba Zlier
gan­vi­Ta­re­bu­lia, amas um­Tav­re­sad un­da umad­lod­nen es
qvey­ne­bi ara mar­to xal­xis ener­gias, ara­med bu­ne­ba­sac,
ro­mel­mac isi­ni ux­vad daa­jil­do­va nax­Si­riT. ra iq­ne­bo­da
in­gli­si, rom mas qva nax­Si­ris ma­Ra­roe­bi ar qo­no­da? pa­
wia, um­niS­vne­lo kun­Zu­lia, me­ti ara­fe­ri“.

`er­To­ba“, #12, 1921

28
 ანანურის ოლქი

პროვინცია

sof. yaz­be­gi.
`3 ag­vis­tos aq Ses­dga di­di mi­tin­gi. es dRe fron­tis
dReT iyo ga­moc­xa­de­bu­li, mag­ram zo­gier­Ti tex­ni­ku­ri mi­
ze­ze­bis ga­mo is ga­da­de­bul iq­na da bev­rma es ki ar ico­da,
ami­tom moaw­yda xal­xi ek­le­siis ga­la­vans. fe­de­ra­lis­te­
bi­dan ila­pa­ra­ka gr. la­Ri­Zem.
...`Zirs“, `ar gvin­d a“! _ `gau­mar­jos so­cial-de­mok­
ra­t ias, gau­mar­jos me­sa­me no­mers, Zirs fe­de­ra­lis­te­
bio“!
dam­s wre pi­reb­ma moiT­xo­ves gri­gol la­Ri­Ze­ze Sed­
ge­ni­li­yo oq­mi da pa­su­xis­ge­b a­Si mi­ce­mu­li­yo im ci­
lis­w a­me­bis­Tvis, rac man dauS­va mi­tin­gze mTav­ro­bis
mi­marT, sa­xel­d obr: `mTav­ro­b am Ses­Wa­ma mTe­li sa­qar­
Tve­lo, ver Seq­mna verc ja­ri, verc ad­mi­nis­tra­cia,
mi­li­cia. mi­si, − mTav­ro­b is gan­kar­gu­le­biT, qu­Tai­sis
gu­ber­nia­S i er­Ti ya­Ca­Ris gu­lis­Tvis gaa­maT­ra­xes 400
ka­ci, gaau­pa­tiu­res 10 qa­li da da­xo­ces 40 ada­mia­ni.
araa mTav­ro­b a Cve­ni ndo­b is Rir­si, mas ndo­ba ara­vin

29
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ar un­da ga­mouc­xa­d os!“ yaz­b e­gi es meo­re si­mag­re iyo

fe­de­ra­lis­te­b is, du­Se­Tis Sem­d eg, ro­me­lic am dRes
dae­ca“.

`er­To­ba“, #180, 1919

დარიალის საზღვართან

`du­Se­Tis maz­ri­dan 3 ag­vis­tos tfi­lis­Si dab­run­da mo­

saz­Rvre raz­mis uf­ros ge­ne­ral ax­me­tel­Tan dam­fuZ­ne­bel
kre­bis sam­xed­ro ko­mi­siis Tav­mjdo­ma­re a. Cxen­ke­li. Cxen­
kel­ma daaT­va­lie­ra da­ria­lis saz­Rva­ri, gaec­no iq myof
ja­ris na­wi­lebs da sa­ba­Jos mu­Sao­bas.
yaz­beg­Si mas dax­vda ad­gi­lob­ri­vi gar­ni­zo­ni da ax­lo-
max­lo sof­le­bis war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi Te­mis gam­geo­bis Taos­
no­biT. yaz­be­gi­dan Cxen­ke­li gaem­gzav­ra kobs da iqi­dan
Tru­sos xeo­bas, sa­dac cxov­ro­ben ose­bi, ro­mel­nic loia­
lu­raT ep­yro­bian res­pub­li­kas da ja­vis ajan­ye­ba­Si ara­vi­
Tar mo­na­wi­leo­bas ar iRe­ben. fa­sa­naur­Si de­pu­tats daux­
vdnen So­reul sof­le­bi­dan mo­su­li gle­xe­bi da sa­zo­ga­do
da sa­xel­mwi­fo da­we­se­bu­le­bis war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi. du­SeT­Si
Cxen­kel­ma sa­qar­Tve­los sa­ga­reo da sa­Si­nao pa­la­tis Se­sa­
xeb leq­cia wai­kiT­xa“.

`sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka:
mTav­ro­bis moam­be“, #173, 1920

30
 ანანურის ოლქი

ხევის დელეგაცია
მთავრობასთან

`de­le­ga­cia Sem­deg pir­Ta­gan mRvde­li bar­Tlo­me, Ru­

du­Sau­ri an­dria, ko­Sai­Ze, da­Ti­ko Ru­du­Sau­ri da gior­
gi var­mu­kaS­vi­li xal­xis mier iy­vnen xe­vi­dan mTav­ro­bis
Tav­mjdo­ma­res­Tan saT­xov­ne­lad imis­Tvis, rom dam­Seuls
xalxs sai­dan­me mie­ces sur­sa­Ti Sim­Si­lo­bis Ta­vi­dan asac­
de­nad. usur­sa­To­bis ga­mo xe­vi­dan uk­ve xu­Ta­si kom­li
Ter­gis ol­qSi ga­da­sax­le­bu­la da da­nar­Ce­nic ga­nic­dian
Sim­Sils. de­le­ga­teb­ma moax­se­nes mTav­ro­bas, rom xe­vel­Ta
emig­ran­to­ba sxva da sxva ala­geb­Si dRi­Tid­Re ma­tu­lobs
da Se­saZ­lo aris, rom es did­mniS­vne­lo­bia­ni stra­te­giu­li
ala­gi sav­se­biT dai­ca­los da da­ria­lis si­mag­res Ca­moe­ca­
los um­Tav­re­si Za­la. mTav­ro­bam mois­mi­na yve­la mox­se­ne­ba
mo­xe­ve­Ta de­le­ga­te­bi­sa, gaiT­va­lis­wi­na is au­ta­ne­li mdgo­
ma­reo­ba mTis xal­xi­sa da aRuT­qva de­le­ga­tebs dax­ma­re­ba:
Ta­vis sa­fa­siT un­da miaS­ve­lon dam­Seu­lebs Tve­Si or-ori
va­go­ni si­min­di da ag­reT­ve sru­liad daeT­mos xe­vel­TaT­
vis si­min­di, rac uk­ve Ter­gis ol­qi­dan ga­mo­ta­ni­lia ja­
ris­Tvis. xe­vel­ni ase­Ti dax­ma­re­biT co­ta­Ti Tu bev­rad
kma­yo­fi­lia. sa­sur­ve­lia, rom mo­xe­vem, mTiul­ma da gu­da­
may­rel­ma mTav­ro­bas­Tan iqo­nion viw­ro kav­Si­ri sof­lis
na­war­moe­bis gac­vla ga­moc­vliT; ese igi mTielT mat­ylSi,
yvel­Si da er­bo­Si mie­ces pu­ri, sa­no­va­ge da far­Ta­li. mat­
ylis fa­si ise da­ce­mu­li aris rom er­Tis fu­Tis mat­ylis
fa­siT, erTs fuTs bzes anu nax­Sirs ver iyi­diT. yve­las
moex­se­ne­ba, rom mat­ylsa da ab­re­Sums er­Ti fa­si hqon­da

31
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ba­zar­zed. mTa­Si sxva mo­sa­va­li ar mo­dis da cxvar­zed

aris mTis cxov­re­ba dam­ya­re­bu­li, Tu es er­Tad er­Ti sax­
sa­ric moes­po mTielT, ma­Sin ma­Ti ar­se­bo­bac saeW­voa“.

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #133, 1920

ხევი

`uk­ve 23-24 we­li srul­de­ba mas Sem­deg, rac gar­daic­

va­la cno­bi­li be­let­ris­ti aleq­san­dre m. yaz­be­gi, rom­
lis saf­lav­zed aR­mar­Tu­lia Zeg­li kon­stan­ti­ne iva­nes Ze
mux­ran­skis mier. Cven­da sam­wu­xa­rod, am Zegls ara­vi­Ta­ri
war­we­ra ara aqvs da arc vin­me zru­navs amis Se­sa­xeb, ra­Ta
yve­la qar­Tve­lis­Tvis cxa­di iy­ves, Tu vin ga­nis­ve­nebs am
uzar­ma­za­ri ga­mo­qan­da­ke­bu­li kldis qveS.
sof. ste­fan­wmin­dis sam­rev­lo ek­le­siis ga­la­van­Si?
vsTxovT yve­la am saq­me­Si dain­te­re­se­bul da san­dros
pi­ra­dad mcod­nel pir­Ta ga­mos­Tqvan Ta­vian­Ti az­ri imis
Se­sa­xeb, Tu ra war­we­ra See­fe­re­ba am sa­pa­tio be­let­ris­
tis Zegls.
uc­xoe­Ti­dan sa­gan­ge­bod Tu Sem­Txve­viT Ca­mo­su­li
mgzav­re­bi in­te­re­siT aT­va­lie­re­ben yve­la Zeg­lebs da bev­
ri maT­ga­ni ise wa­su­la sa­qar­Tve­lo­dan, rom ub­ra­lo mo­
mak­vda­vis war­mod­ge­nac ki ar mig­vi­cia am di­de­bu­li mwer­
lis Se­sa­xeb“.

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #113, 1920

32
 არტაანის ოლქი

არტაანი

`ar­taa­ni­dan som­xe­bi it­yo­bi­ne­bian: `Cven ba­Tu­mis ol­

qis som­ xe­bi vSi­SobT, ar gan­ meor­ des 1914 wlis Jle­ ta,
amis­Tvis ga­da­ve­diT axal­qa­laq­Si. ar­taan­Si 11 dRiT Seg­
va­Ce­res mZev­le­bad, Cven miv­mar­TeT mah­ma­dian­Ta erov­nul
sab­Wos gas­vlis ne­ba mie­ca, mag­ram pa­su­xi ar gva­Rir­ses.
gvSian, gvwyu­rian, tit­vle­bi varT. Wi­ria­no­ba gax­Sir­da,
gTxovT mii­RoT zo­me­bi, rom ar da­vi­Rup­noT“.

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #57, 1918

33
 ა ხ ალ ც ი ხ ი ს ო ლ ქ ი

ახალციხის და ჯავახეთის
ტრაგედია

`wels sru­ li 90 we­ li Ses­rul­ da mas Sem­ deg, rac os­

ma­le­Tis mier aox­re­bu­li ori qar­Tu­li maz­ra axal­ci­xis
da axal­qa­la­qis isev Cvens qve­ya­nas Se­mouer­Tda. er­Ti
maT­ga­ni − axal­ci­xis maz­ra dag­vib­run­da ga­dag­va­re­bu­li,
sar­wmu­noe­ba Sec­vli­li da qar­Tu­li enac ki mi­viw­ye­bu­li,
xo­lo ja­va­xe­Ti ki­dev uf­ro sam­wu­xa­ro su­raTs war­moad­
gen­da, aq ra­mo­de­ni­me qar­Tu­li so­fe­li dar­Ca, xo­lo os­
mal­Ta Se­mo­se­vam da ba­to­no­bam um­rav­le­so­ba gle­xo­bi­sa
aqe­dan ga­dax­ve­wa da gaa­nad­gu­ra.
am 90 wlis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si bev­ri ra­me Seic­va­la. ja­va­xe­Ti
ru­se­Tis mTav­ro­bam ar­zru­mi­dan gad­mox­ve­wil som­xe­biT
daa­sax­la, xo­lo axal­ci­xis maz­ra­Si mi­si po­li­ti­ka mi­mar­
Tu­li iyo qar­Tve­le­bis ga­dag­va­re­bis­ken, maT ga­mah­ma­dia­
ne­bis­ken. da miu­xe­da­vaT yve­la ami­sa, axal­ci­xis da axal­
qa­la­qis maz­reb­Si mainc dar­Ca 40 mde qar­Tu­li sof­le­bi,

34
 ანანურის ოლქი

ro­mel­Tac Seu­na­xavT ena, sar­wmu­noe­ba da rac mTa­va­ria

Zve­li mes­xe­Tis da ja­va­xe­Tis kul­tu­ris gav­le­na. dRem­di
mo­na da da­be­Ca­ve­bu­li, Cven­gan sru­liad mi­viw­ye­bu­li da
upat­ro­noT mig­de­bu­li mes­xni da ja­va­xel­ni dRes iR­vi­
Zeb­den, dRes er­kveo­den sau­ku­no­bis Zi­li­sa­gan da am did
brZo­la­Si pir­ve­leb­ma mii­ta­nes msxver­plaT sam­Sob­los
dac­vis­Tvis Ta­vi­si uka­nas­kne­li sof­le­bi, kar-mi­da­moe­bi,
usu­su­ri bav­Sve­bi da yve­la is, rac Sead­gen­da gle­xis bed­
nie­re­bas da si­xa­ruls.
da am dros mog­vwyda es ori maz­ra. 90 wlis Sem­deg es
xal­xi Cau­var­da xel­Si im ja­la­Tebs, vinc axal­ci­xe da ja­
va­xe­Ti nan­gre­ve­baT aq­cia, vinc Zi­ri ga­mouT­xa­ra maT kul­
tu­ras, vinc ga­daag­va­ra ma­Ti Zme­bi da sis­xliT mor­wyo
mSve­nie­ri qvey­nis mi­da­moe­bi...“
l. r.
`er­To­ba“, #114, 1918

პროვინცია,
განახლებულ მესხეთში

`Zve­li mes­xe­Ti, es sa­qar­Tve­los Zve­li kul­tu­ris ak­

va­ni, iR­vi­Zebs, sa­Ra­Tas Zi­li­dan er­kve­va da kul­tu­rul
mu­Sao­ba­Si eb­me­ba. vin ar icis Tu ro­gor Ca­mor­Ce­ni­lia
dRe­van­de­li mes­xeT-ja­va­xe­Tis mxa­re. bu­ne­biT mSve­nie­
ri, mdi­da­ri gan­Zeu­lo­biT, Sve­bis mom­gvre­li mxa­re, nan­
gre­vebs war­moad­gens dRes. ni­Wie­ri, zrdi­lo­bia­ni xal­
xi, mok­le­bu­li swav­la-ga­naT­le­bas uvi­co­bi­sa da si­

35
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

Ra­ta­kis mo­rev­Si ix­rCve­ba. ara­vin iyo mzrun­ve­li, rom

mSob­liu­ris mzrun­ve­lo­biT ez­ru­na mes­xe­Ti­saT­vis.
zo­gier­Ti Tur­qo­fi­le­bi, imis ma­giv­raT, rom xalxs dax­ma­
re­bod­nen Wir-va­ram­Si, sa­ma­res uT­xrid­nen maT da dRe­sac
bev­ria ase­Ti vaJ­ba­to­ne­bi. mag­ram dRes uk­ve xal­xi er­kve­va
da mter-moy­va­re­sac ar­Cevs. amas naT­lad am­tki­cebs dRe­
van­de­li kul­tu­ru­li mu­Sao­ba mes­xe­Tis sxva­das­xva sof­
leb­Si. s. aw­yu­ris gle­xo­bam uk­ve daiw­yo sko­lis, sam­kiT­
xve­los da koo­pe­ra­ti­vis saq­mis mog­va­re­ba. 4 oq­tom­bers
Ses­dga am sof­lis glex­Ta yri­lo­ba eqim gr. ant. ke­ke­lias
ini­cia­ti­viT. Zlier dax­ma­re­bas uwevs sa­zo­ga­do saq­mee­bis
mog­va­re­bas ag­reT­ve ad­gi­lob­riv fos­tis uf­ro­si zed­ge­
ni­Ze da mo­xe­le fos­tis m. lom­sa­Ze, raio­nis ko­mi­sa­ri a.
Su­tov­ri. ama­ve yri­lo­bam air­Cia 9 ka­ci­sa­gan Sem­dga­ri ko­
mi­sia, ro­me­lic moag­va­rebs am kiT­xvebs.
un­da aR­vniS­noT, rom amas wi­naT vi­Rac pi­reb­ma ja­maa­
Tis sa­xe­liT ko­mi­sars wa­rud­gi­nes Cve­ne­ba, sa­dac is az­ri
iyo ga­ta­re­bu­li, rom so­fels ar SeuZ­lia sko­lis Se­ke­
Te­ ba, rad­gan amis SeZ­ le­ba ar ari­ so, mag­ram amis sru­ li
wi­naaR­mde­gi dag­vim­tki­ca kre­bam. es pi­re­bi saf­lavs uT­
xrian ja­maa­Tis ke­Til dReo­bas. ase­Ti­ve moZ­rao­baa sxva
sof­leb­Siac: tye­ma­la, za­ki­re, aga­ra, ko­pa­Ze da sxva­gan.
eqim g. ke­ke­lias Txo­ves am sof­le­bi­dan, ra­Ta man xe­li
Seuw­yos maT sof­lis kul­tu­rul saq­mee­bis mog­va­re­ba­
Si da eqi­mic sia­mov­ne­biT moR­va­weobs − Zve­lis mes­xe­Tis
asa­Ror­Zi­neb­lad. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT un­da av­RniS­noT, rom am
mxa­re­Si Zlier sa­Wi­roa ga­moc­di­li da ener­giu­li mu­Sa­ke­
bi, rad­gan me­tad Ca­mor­Ce­ni­lia mxa­re. 5 oq­tom­bers kre­ba
qon­da yri­lo­bis­gan ar­Ceul ko­mi­sias. ko­mi­sia Seud­ga mu­
Sao­bas, sof­leb­Si ga­mar­Ta­ven yri­lo­bebs, da am ri­gad kva­
lad aRor­Zi­ne­bis gzas daad­ge­ba Zve­li mes­xe­Ti. sof­le­bi
uk­ve iw­min­de­ba. aTa­si sneu­le­ba Cnde­bo­da si­bin­Zu­ri­sa­gan.

36
 ახალციხის ოლქი

aw­yur­Si eqim ke­ke­liam, ma­med ali­beg mux­ran­skis, Su­to­vis

da zed­ge­ni­Zes dax­ma­re­biT uk­ve gas­wmin­des so­fe­li. ase­
Ti­ve wi­na­da­de­biT mi­mar­Tes sxva sof­leb­sac.
koo­pe­ra­ti­vis saq­me Zlier unu­ge­So­daa. ime­dia ko­mi­sia
je­ro­van yu­rad­Re­bas miaq­cevs koo­pe­ra­ti­ve­bis saq­mes. sam­
kiT­xve­los am mok­le xan­Si gax­snian, rac Zlier sa­sar­geb­lo
iq­ne­ba xal­xis­Tvis, rad­gan pro­vo­ka­cias dae­kar­ge­ba Ta­vi­si
ga­sa­va­li. mxo­lod ma­te­ria­lu­ri xel­mok­leo­ba Zlier uS­
lis xels ko­mi­sias sam­kiT­xve­los saq­mis mog­va­re­ba­Si.
yve­la qar­Tve­li mo­va­lea Ta­vi­si wvli­li gai­Ros da dax­
ma­re­ba aR­mou­Ci­nos Zvels ga­nax­le­buls mes­xeTs. wig­ne­biT,
ga­ze­Te­biT, fu­liT da sxva. ime­dia qar­Tve­li sa­zo­ga­doe­ba
zurgs gau­mag­rebs im pi­rebs, ro­mel­nic dRes dau­Ra­la­vaT
iR­wvian mes­xe­Tis asa­Ror­Zi­neb­lad“.

`mir­ko“
`er­To­ba“, #266, 1919

თეატრი და ხელოვნება

წაღვერის თეატრი

`or­Sa­baTs, ag­vis­tos 9, waR­ver­Si la­do ma­Wa­va­rian­ma ga­

mar­Ta `seir­no­ba-sa­Ra­mo“. me pir­ve­lad ga­mak­vir­va am sa­
Taur­ma, vi­nai­dan waR­ver­Si ker­Zo pi­ris mier seir­no­bis
ga­mar­Tva San­taJ­sa hgavs. amas zed dau­ma­teT lo­tos Ta­ma­
Si, bu­fe­ti­dan pro­cen­te­bis aRe­ba da dar­wmun­de­biT, rom

37
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

mar­Tlac ase­Ti sa­Ra­mo ze­mox­se­ne­bul xa­siaTs iRebs.

Tum­ca sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­mac sa­ma­gie­ro ga­dau­xa­da Teat­
rSi, sa­dac sam­na­xe­va­ri ka­ci daes­wroo, sit­yva war­mos­Tqva
TviT ma­Wa­va­rian­ma, ro­mel­Siac aR­niS­na, rom poe­ti erov­
nu­li un­da iyos, da gri­SaS­vi­li, ro­me­lic dRes pir­vel
poe­tad iT­vle­ba, me poe­tad ar mi­maC­niao.
xal­xi pir­da­pir gan­cvif­re­ba­Si iyo, am Ta­vis sit­yvebs
gri­SaS­vi­lis mi­marT ise­Tis gab­ra­ze­biT am­bob­da, rom me
dav­rwmun­di im si­mar­Tle­Si, ro­me­lic uk­ve cno­bi­lia: rom
gri­SaS­vi­li jer ki­dev ver mou­ne­le­biaT mis mtrebs.
sa­Wi­roa me­ti sif­rTxi­le! an ras ake­Tebs Teat­ris gam­
ge, rom upa­su­xis­mgeb­lo pi­rebs sa­Ra­mo-seir­no­bas ad­gme­
vi­nebs, ro­mel­Tac ara­vi­Ta­ri kav­Si­ri ara aqvT xe­lov­ne­
bas­Tan“.

dam­swre.
`sa­xal­xo saq­me, #898, 1920

ახალციხის მაზრის გლეხთა

ყრილობის მოწოდება

axal­ci­xe, 3 ian­va­ri.
`2 ian­vars axal­ci­xis maz­ris glex­Ta yri­lo­bam, ro­mel­
sac daes­wro 100 mu­sul­ma­ni qar­Tve­li gle­xi, mois­mi­na ra
mox­se­ne­be­bi sa­mu­sul­ma­no sa­qar­Tve­los gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bis
Se­sa­xeb. er­Ti mxriT mu­sul­man qar­Tve­le­bis ya­dir Ser­va­

38
 ახალციხის ოლქი

Si­Zis da hai­dar aba­Si­Zi­sa da meo­re mxriT qris­tian qar­

Tve­le­bis / er­TxmaT daad­gi­na mi­mar­Tos aWa­ra-qo­bu­le­Tis,
ar­taa­nis da Sav­Se­Tis mu­sul­man qar­Tve­lo­bas Sem­de­gi mo­
wo­de­biT:
`Zme­bo, mu­sul­ma­no qar­Tve­le­bo, sa­mu­sul­ma­no da saq­
ris­tia­no sa­qar­Tve­lo ga­nu­yo­fe­li na­wi­le­bia im sxeu­li­sa,
ro­mel­sac ewo­de­ba mTlia­ni sa­qar­Tve­lo. or Zma­Ta So­ris
xi­di da eko­no­miu­raT, kul­tu­ru­laT da geog­ra­fiu­laT
er­Ti mTlia­ni sxeu­li, xe­lov­nu­rad day­ves or na­wi­laT...
Cven, axal­ci­xis maz­ris qar­Tve­li mu­sul­ma­ne­bis da
qris­tian glex­Ta yri­lo­ba, mog­mar­TavT Tqven, Zme­bo aWa­
ra-qo­bu­leT­le­bo da ar­taa­ne­le­bo, ga­mog­vi­wo­deT Zmu­ri
xe­li, nu ayov­nebT da moix­se­niT mo­no­bis uRe­li, mo­diT
Cvens ojax­Si. Tqven mSo­bel sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si, aWa­ris mTe­
bis Svi­le­bo, ar­taa­nis yi­bu­leb­Si naw­rTo­bo qar­Tve­lo mu­
sul­ma­ne­bo, dae Tqve­ni xma miw­vdes mTel qve­ya­nas, gai­gon
mtreb­mac da moy­vreb­mac, rom sa­mu­sul­ma­no d saq­ris­tia­no
sa­qar­Tve­lo er­Tia, is ga­nu­yo­fe­li na­wi­lia er­Ti sxeu­lis,
Svi­lia er­Ti de­dis sa­qar­Tve­lo­si...“

`Sro­ma“, #5, 1919

ახალციხის მაზრაში

`d. ude­Si, 16 en­ke­nis­Tves, mob­rZan­da ro­mis pa­pis war­

mo­mad­ge­ne­li 6 de­le­ga­tis Tan­xle­biT. xse­ne­bul war­mo­
mad­ge­nels be­na­ris max­lob­laT Sex­vda ad­gi­lob­ri­vi gvar­
diis uf­ro­si 40 gvar­die­le­bis Tan­xle­biT da sof­lis

39
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi. 16 s. 35 wT war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li mob­rZan­da

d. ude­Si da mas See­ge­ba ad­gi­lob­ri­vi ek­le­siis mRvde­li
To­ma igiT­xa­no­vi da gaac­no mob­rZa­ne­bul stum­rebs wm.
ek­le­siis saq­mee­bi da ek­le­siis ga­Zar­cvac auw­yes, ra­zec
ro­mis pa­pis war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li da­pir­da sa­zo­ga­doe­bas, rom
ita­lia­Si Cas­vlis­Ta­na­ve moax­se­nebs pa­pas. sul 3 wu­Tis
gan­mav­lo­ba­Si gai­We­da ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mcxov­reb­le­biT ek­le­
sia da ek­le­siis ga­la­va­ni. 17 s. 25 wT. ad­gi­lob­ri­vi sof­
lis war­mo­mad­gen­leb­ma miiw­vies sa­di­laT de­le­ga­te­bi. sa­
di­lad daes­wren ro­mis pa­pis war­mo­mad­ge­nel­ni 6 de­le­ga­
tis Tan­xle­biT da ad­gi­lob­ri­vi sof­lis war­mo­mad­ge­nel­ni
iva­ne me­ra­baS­vi­li, ro­me­lic esaub­re­bo­da war­mo­mad­ge­nels
fran­gul ena­ze, pet­re me­ra­baS­vi­li, ste­fan gzi­riS­vi­li,
si­mon ba­la­xaS­vi­li, gvar­diis uf­ro­si p. ru­xa­Ze, udis fos­
ta-te­leg­ra­fis da­we­se­bu­le­bis uf­ro­si vl. yan­Ca­ve­li, mR.
To­ma igaT­xa­no­vi. sa­di­lis das­ru­le­bis Sem­deg mad­lo­ba
ga­nuc­xa­da war­mo­mad­gen­leb­ma yve­la dam­swre pi­rebs da ad­
gi­lob­ri­vi gvar­die­lis Tan­xle­biT war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li gaem­
gzav­ra so­fel aral­Si. (udi­dan ara­lam­de 3 ver­sia). yve­la
dam­swre­ni dar­Cnen di­di mad­lie­ri ad­gi­lob­ri­vi gvar­diis
yo­faq­ce­va­ze da zrdi­lo­ba­ze“.

* * *
`d. udis mcxov­reb­le­bi ga­nic­dian did ga­Wir­ve­bas, rad­
gan mox­se­ne­bul ude­Si eqi­mi, fer­Sa­li da arc af­Tia­qi ar
ar­se­bobs“.
ga­sak­vir­ve­lia, rom s. ra­baT­Si (adi­ge­nis max­lob­lad),
sa­dac oT­xi mo­xa­li­se aris ag­reT­ve, ro­de­sac mox­se­ne­bu­
li ra­ba­Ti mde­ba­reobs ga­da­ki­deb­ze, iq aris eqi­mic, fer­
Sa­lic da saa­vad­myo­fos wig­ne­biT dar­wmun­de­biT, rom rac
wam­le­bi aris da­xar­ju­li, sul udis mcxov­reb­le­bi­dan.

40
 ახალციხის ოლქი

xSi­rad is­mis sau­ba­ri d. ude­Si: `ro­dis mo­ves­wre­biT, aq

iq­nes da­niS­nu­li eqi­mi“. vsTxovT sa­dac jer ars daC­qa­re­
biT eqi­me­bis da­niS­vnas so­fel udes­Tvis.
xse­ne­bul so­fel­Si 500 kom­li mac­xov­re­be­lia, ag­reT­ve
es pa­ta­ra ude Sead­gens centrs da mde­ba­reobs Sua ad­gi­
las qo­ba­lia­nis raion­Si.
ag­reT­ve da­ba ude­Si − ro­gorc cen­tri qo­ba­lia­nis
raio­nis, b. tfi­li­sis fos­ta-te­leg­ra­fis ol­qis uf­ros­ma
ke­Til ine­ba da daaar­sa fos­ta-te­leg­ra­fis da­we­se­bu­le­ba“.

`sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka“, #222, 1919

ქ. ახალციხიდან
რაბათის სამკითხველო

`axal­ci­xis Zve­li na­wi­lis `ra­ba­Tis“ qar­Tu­li sam­kiT­

xve­lo, dRi­dan mi­si daar­se­bi­sa (1895 w. ma­ria­mo­bis Tvi­sa),
Wa­pan­wyve­tiT ewe­va mZi­me uRels.
aqau­ri mcxov­reb­ni, ise­dac da­Cag­rul­ni, uki­du­res si­
Ra­ri­be­Si Cac­viv­dnen os­ma­le­bi­sa da ser­ver­be­gis ban­de­
bis Se­mo­se­vis dros. ax­lo mo­ma­val­Sic ar aris ime­di, rom
wel­Si gai­mar­Ton.
ug­zo-uk­vloo­bam da uw­yloo­bam xe­li Seuw­yo ra­ba­Tis
mcxov­reb­Ta­gan da­ca­rie­le­bas da vaW­ro­bis ga­Ca­na­ge­bas.
proeq­ti `en­Te­lis“ wylis ga­moy­va­ni­sa, uk­ve da­das­tu­re­bu­
li dam­fuZ­ne­bel kre­bi­sa­gan, co­tao­den ma­la­mos das­debs,

41
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

Tu ki droiT gan­xor­ciel­da.
amis­Ta­na mdgo­ma­reo­ba­Si gan­sa­kuT­re­biT Zne­lia sam­kiT­
xve­los gaZ­Ro­la, eko­no­mi­kur da in­te­li­gen­tur Za­le­bis
nak­le­bo­bis ga­mo. ra­ba­Tis mci­re­ric­xo­va­ni in­te­li­gen­cia
jer ki­dev ar aris mWid­roT Se­kav­Si­re­bu­li, luk­ma-pu­ris
Sov­ni­saT­vis wel­ze fexs id­gams da sxva ve­Ra­raf­ris­Tvis
mouc­lia. amis Tval­sa­Ci­noT da­mam­tki­ceb­laT isic kma­ra,
rom sam­kiT­xve­los wliur kre­bis­Tvis ba­re aT­jer daig­
zav­na uw­ye­ba da er­Txe­lac ver iseT Se­qe­bul in­te­li­gen­
ciis SeT­va­lie­re­bas.
ra sak­vir­ve­lia, amis­Ta­na at­mos­fe­ro­Si sam­kiT­xve­lo
ver iq­ne­ba sa­Ta­na­do do­ne­ze da­ye­ne­bu­li, da rom ar yo­
fi­li­yo wi­neeb­ze ro­za­lia ale­liS­vi­li­sa, da ex­la an­ne­ra
emiS­vi­lis ma­ca­di­neo­ba, sam­kiT­xve­lo ki­dec dai­ke­te­bo­da.
ama­Ti Taos­no­biT id­gme­ba xol­me war­mod­ge­ne­bi, rac Se­mo­
sav­lis er­Ta­derT wya­ros war­moad­gens.
aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom gar­da ad­gi­lob­riv sce­nis moy­va­re­
Ta, Ca­mo­su­le­bic sia­mov­ne­biT Re­bu­lo­ben mo­na­wi­leo­bas,
ma­ga­li­TaT: mim­di­na­re wlis 27 iv­liss, maior ste­fa­ne
ia­ko­bis Ze ku­raS­vi­lis ini­cia­ti­viT mer­ve aTas­wleu­lis
sce­nis moy­va­reeb­ma war­moad­gi­nes yaz­be­gis `ya­Ca­Ri ar­se­
na“, rom­lid­ga­nac wmin­da Se­mo­sa­va­li 4727 man. mad­lo­bis
Rir­sni arian sa­qar­Tve­los meo­mar­ni, ro­mel­nic Tav Ta­
vis dro­ze brZo­lis as­pa­rez­sac am­Sve­neb­dnen da sa­Teat­
ro sce­na­sac“.
`na­cio­na­lis­ti“, #6, 1920

42
 ახალციხის ოლქი

ქართველ კათოლიკეთა
კონფერენცია

`di­di xa­nia, rac mes­xeT-ja­va­xe­Tis qar­Tvel ka­To­li­

ko­ba cdi­lob­da Ta­vi daeR­wia so­mex-ka­To­li­ke­Ta sam­Rvde­
loe­bis gav­le­ni­dan, sa­mu­da­moT mo­So­re­bo­da aR­mo­sav­leT
ti­bi­kons; bev­rjer aRiZ­ra amis Se­sa­xeb Suam­dgom­lo­ba,
mag­ram amaod, da­mak­ma­yo­fi­le­bel pa­suxs ver ve­Rir­seT.
bo­los, Sar­San zaf­xul­Si, ro­mi­dan ga­mog­zav­ni­li iq­na
sa­gan­ge­boT da­niS­nu­li vi­zi­to­ri ma­ma del­fu­Se, saq­mis vi­
Ta­re­bis ga­mo­sar­kve­vaT. mag­ram mas, mos­vli­sa­ve, et­yo­bo­da
so­mex ka­To­li­ke­Ta vi­zi­ta­tor − te­rab­ra­mian­cis gav­le­na.
mag­ram, ro­ca del­fu­Sem daia­ra axal­ci­xis maz­ra, qu­
Tai­si da ba­Tu­mi, ma­Sin Ta­vi­si az­ri Ses­cva­la da wi­na­da­de­
ba mis­ca aqaur ka­To­li­ko­bas, rom moew­viaT kon­fe­ren­cia,
rom­lis dad­ge­ni­le­bis Ta­nax­mad vi­Suam­dgom­leb ro­mis pa­
pis wi­na­Seo. es qar­Tul ka­To­li­ke­bis be­dis ga­dam­wyve­ti
kon­fe­ren­cia Ses­dga am wlis ap­ri­lis 7-s tfi­lis­Si, qar­
Tvel ka­To­li­ke­Ta aR­mas­ru­le­be­li ko­mi­te­tis ini­cia­ti­
viT. kon­fe­ren­cia­ze ga­moc­xad­dnen mes­xeT-ja­va­xe­Tis, qu­
Tai­sis, tfi­li­sis da sxva de­le­ga­te­bi.
kon­fe­ren­cia gaix­sna b. qar­ci­va­Zis Tan­das­wre­biT da
ma­ma vi­zi­ta­tor don mi­xe­lis Tav­jdo­ma­reo­biT. ma­le ka­
ma­Tis Sem­deg kon­fe­ren­ciam er­Txmad daad­gi­na: aRiZ­ras
Suam­dgom­lo­ba ro­mis tax­tis wi­na­Se, ra­Ta mes­xeT-ja­va­xe­
Tis qar­Tvel ka­To­li­ke­Ta eri gad­moy­va­nil iq­mnen la­Ti­nis
ti­bi­kon­ze, e.i wes­ze da loc­va, ga­lo­ba da sxva saek­le­sio
we­sis aR­sru­le­ba (wir­vis gar­da) iq­mnas qar­Tul ena­ze.
sam­wu­xa­roT, un­da aRi­niS­nos, rom mes­xeT-ja­va­xe­Tis
qar­Tvel ka­To­li­ke­bi, ro­gorc qar­Tvel mah­ma­dia­ne­bi,

43
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

kul­tu­ru­lad Za­lian Ca­mor­Ce­nil­ni arian, upat­ro­noT

iy­vnen mi­to­ve­bul­ni, maT­Tvis ara­vin zru­nav­da. som­xe­Tis
sam­Rvde­loe­ba ki cdi­lob­da sib­ne­le­Si yo­fi­li­yo qar­
Tve­li ka­To­li­ke­ni, rom ma­Ti gav­le­na mu­dam Seur­ye­ve­li
yo­fi­li­yo, qar­Tul ena­ze la­pa­rak­sac ki gvik­rZa­lav­dnen.
ax­la mdgo­ma­reo­ba Seic­va­la, sa­qar­Tve­lo aR­sdga da Cven
ime­di gvaqvs sa­qar­Tve­los sa­xe­lo­va­ni mTav­ro­ba Seec­de­ba
Cven So­ris swav­la-ga­naT­le­bis gav­rce­le­bas. gan­vi­Ta­re­
bul­ni uf­ro ad­vi­laT Sev­ZlebT kle­ri­kal­Ta wi­naaR­mdeg
brZo­las“.

s. bav­re­li
`na­cio­na­lis­ti“, #6, 1920

44
 ბათომის ოლქი

პროვინციის
ცხოვრება

`Za­lian sain­te­re­so mi­mo­we­re­bi mim­di­na­reob­da mah­

ma­dian da qris­tian qar­Tve­lebs So­ris. ori­ve mxa­re
cdi­lob­da, rom mSvi­do­ba dam­ya­re­bu­li­yo: mah­ma­dia­ni
qar­Tve­le­bi Ta­vis mxriv qar­Tve­lebs ica­ven da in­teg­
ri­re­bas cdi­lo­ben, xo­lo qar­Tve­li qris­tia­ne­bi, da­
mou­ki­deb­lo­bis ga­moc­xa­de­bis Sem­dgom, hpir­de­bian, rom
mTav­ro­ba sa­qar­Tve­los te­ri­to­ria­ze mcxov­rebT, yve­
las Ta­nab­rad dai­cavs“.

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #118, 1918

45
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ვიბრძოლოთ სიკვდილამდე!
ვუძღვნი მემედ ბეგს

sa­mus­li­ma­no sa­qar­Tve­los gan­ma­Ta­vi­suf­le­bel ko­mi­

te­tis daar­se­bis ga­mo
`mas Sem­deg, rac Cven­da sam­wu­xa­rod da sa­mar­cxvi­nod
ba­To­mi dav­kar­geT, verc er­Ti nam­dvi­li qar­Tve­lis su­
li ver mois­ve­nebs ma­nam­di, sa­nam es um­Sve­nie­re­si mxa­re
Cve­ni qvey­ni­sa isev sa­qar­Tve­los ar Se­mouer­Tde­ba. usin­
di­so pro­vo­ka­to­reb­ma mos­wam­les po­li­ti­ku­rad Seug­ne­be­
li xal­xis ar­se­ba da Zmis sa­wi­naaR­mde­god xe­li aa­Re­bi­nes.
Ta­vi­si pi­ra­di ke­Til­dReo­bi­saT­vis mzru­nav­ma zo­gier­Tma
beg­ma da maT­ma yur-moW­ril­ma mom­xreeb­ma xal­xi klde­Si
ga­das­Ce­xes da sa­sik­vdi­lod ar dain­dves. dRes yo­ve­li
qar­Tve­li mu­sul­ma­ni kar­gad grZnobs, Tu ra uq­nes mas am
wi­nam­ZRo­leb­ma, Tu ro­gor xi­faT­Si Caag­des igi da ra moe­
lis mo­ma­val­Si.
da ami­tom bu­neb­ri­vi iyo da aris is sap­ro­tes­to xma,
ro­me­lic Tur­qe­bis Se­mos­vlis pir­vel dReeb­Si­ve gais­ma
aWa­ris mTeb­Si da ro­me­lic dRi­Tid­Re iz­rde­ba. mar­Tlac
da Cven ra gvaqvs saer­To os­ma­leT­Tan gar­da sju­li­sa?
TiT­ qmis ara­ fe­
ri da Tu ki­ dev ram gvaqvs, isic da­ xav­se­
bu­li da uku­sag­de­bia. os­ma­le­Tis ukul­tu­ro­sa da Ra­tak
xalxs ra SeuZ­lia rom Seh­ma­tos Cven mxa­res gar­da ga­Wir­
ve­bi­sa da ube­du­re­bi­sa.
ba­To­mi os­ma­leTs ar ekuT­vnis da arc un­da ekuT­vno­
des. mis sax­se­neb­lad mo­sa­lod­ne­lia Cven mog­vix­des brZo­
la, brZo­la sas­ti­ki da sa­Si­ne­li, mag­ram aman ver un­da
dag­vaf­rTxos.
Cven ar Seg­viZ­lia mTe­li Cve­ni ar­se­biT xe­li ar Seuw­

46
 ბათომის ოლქი

yoT im axal or­ga­ni­za­cias, ro­mel­sac sa­mu­sul­ma­no sa­

qar­Tve­los gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­ba miz­nad dau­sa­xavs. rom Cven
mxa­res mo­Ra­la­teeb­Tan er­Tad gmi­re­bis war­mo­So­bac SeuZ­
liaT, es naT­lad daam­tki­ca me­med be­gi­sa da sxve­bis ma­ga­
liT­ma, mag­ram es ar kma­ra. sul ma­le mTe­li xal­xis gmi­ru­
li brZo­liT da­vam­tki­cebT Cvens Seg­ne­ba­sa da siy­va­ruls.
Cven ver Seg­va­Si­nebs os­ma­le­Tis maT­ra­xi da tyvia, sa­nam
sa­qar­Tve­los Ta­nag­rZno­ba Cven­sken gve­gu­le­ba. ga­da­sax­
le­bi­Ta da sik­vdi­liT das­jiT xal­xis su­lie­ri mid­re­ki­
le­bis mos­po­ba ar SeiZ­le­ba, da Tu gne­bavT amas am­tki­cebs
ru­se­Tis re­vo­lu­ciac“.

`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #358, 1918

პოლიტიკური და
სოციალური აზროვნება
სამაჰმადიანო საქართველოში

`ro­gor mdgo­ma­reo­ba­Si aris sa­mah­ma­dia­no sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si

so­cia­lur-po­li­ti­ku­ri az­rov­ne­ba, aqvs Tu ara xalxs Seg­
ne­bu­li Ta­vi­si kla­si­ku­ri in­te­re­se­bi, rom daic­vas mo­po­ve­
bu­li Ta­vi­suf­le­ba da amis ga­mo Ta­vi­suf­le­bis mot­rfia­
leT da gan­mam­tki­ce­belT amoud­ge­bian Tu ara gver­dSi?
sa­mah­ma­dia­no sa­qar­Tve­los mdgo­ma­reo­bas rom kar­gaT
Cauk­vir­de − gai­gebT, rom po­li­ti­kur-so­cia­lu­ri moZ­
rao­ba am Ja­maT Zlier sus­tia, kla­sob­ri­vi brZo­la iq

47
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

mwva­ve sa­xes ar iRebs, mar­Ta­lia beg­Ta ba­to­no­ba `fu­xa­ra“

xalxs mZi­me tvir­Tad awevs, mag­ram mi­si mo­So­re­ba­ze fiq­ri
mas oc­ne­ba­Si Tu gauv­lia, To­rem aS­ka­rad wi­naaR­mdeg ar
ga­mo­su­la da arc mos­vlia eg fiq­raT. am mSro­me­lis­Tvis
am Ja­mad iq nia­da­gi sru­lia­Tac ar aris mom­za­de­bu­li,
dRem­de arc ara­vin cdi­la nia­da­gis mom­za­de­bis­Tvis. Cve­ni
po­li­ti­kur par­tie­bis pro­pa­gan­da-agi­ta­cia sa­mah­ma­dia­no
sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si kla­sob­riv nia­dag­ze ar yo­fi­la ga­weu­li,
na­cio­nal-de­mok­rat­Ta xan­grZliv mu­Sao­bas re­vo­lu­ciis
xa­na­Si, ro­mel­Ta msof­lmxed­ve­lo­bis gav­rce­le­ba xal­xSi
gan­mtki­ce­ba iq­ne­bo­da ar­se­bul so­cia­lur-eko­no­mi­kur pi­
ro­be­bis. sxve­bi ki sa­mah­ma­dia­no sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si kla­sob­riv
in­te­re­se­bis ga­sar­kve­vaT nak­le­baT moq­me­de­ben. rac See­
xe­ba TviT mah­ma­dia­nebs, sxva kuT­xis qar­Tve­leb­ze uf­ro
dab­la dga­nan kul­tu­ru­laT, cxov­ro­ben kar Ca­ke­ti­laT,
saz­rdoo­ben sko­lis sim­did­riT da ad­gi­lob­riv, mu­Sao­
biT Seq­mni­li sa­qon­liT. vaW­ro­ba-mrew­ve­lo­bas ar mis­de­
ven. pi­ri­qiT, er­cxvi­ne­baT, qa­laq­Tan ar aqvT mWid­ro eko­
no­mi­ku­ri da kul­tu­ru­li kav­Si­ri, es pi­ro­be­bi ki ro­gorc
vi­ciT di­dad sa­Wi­roa kla­si­kur Seg­ne­bis­Tvis. rac See­xe­ba
ad­gi­lob­riv pi­ro­bebs, mar­Ta­lia bevrs mi­wa sak­maoT ara
aqvs, rom­li­Tac mas SeeZ­los meur­neo­bis ay­va­ve­ba, mag­ram
ama­ze arc im­trevs Tavs sru­liaT, kma­yo­fil­de­ba imiT,
rac aqvT. aris si­viw­ro­ve ia­ra­Re­bis, ro­me­lic be­ge­bis
xel­Sia, di­di sia­mov­ne­biT dae­pat­ro­ne­bo­da yo­ve­li maT­ga­
ni amas, mag­ram ara aqvs Seg­ne­bu­li brZo­lis saS­va­le­bebs
da, ro­gorc vsTqviT, ga­Cu­me­bul­ni aria­no. Tu ro­me­li­me
qar­Tve­li mah­ma­dia­ni daax­lo­ve­bia qa­laqs, um­Tav­re­saT ba­
Toms, mi­si sim­Sve­nie­re gau­gia, mi­si fu­fu­ne­biT cxov­re­bis
su­ni sce­mia, is ma­Sin­ve mo­ka­la­Te­bu­lia aq da mou­ki­dia
sxva da sxva saq­mis­Tvis xe­li. ese­ni ra Tqma un­da ec­no­bian
po­li­ti­kur cxov­re­bas, er­kve­vian so­cia­lur-po­li­ti­kur

48
 ბათომის ოლქი

sfe­ro­Si, ver ewe­vian am­den xans mom­wyvdeul Car­Coeb­Si da

amis ga­mo ewe­re­bian ad­gi­lob­riv po­li­ti­kur par­tieb­Si,
sa­dac Ta­vi­si Se­sa­fe­ri wvli­li SeaqvT. mag­ram es pi­re­bi
rCe­bian qa­laq­Si. Tu ro­me­li­me so­fel­Si dab­run­da, mar­
Ta­lia ima­ve az­rov­ne­ba­ze rCe­ba um­Tav­re­saT, mag­ram aq­
tiu­raT ver mu­Saobs, rad­gan im­de­ni mom­za­de­bac ara aqvs
da, ro­gorc vTqviT, pi­ro­be­bic ar uw­yobs xels. zo­gierT
Sem­Txve­va­Si es pi­re­bi iT­qvi­fe­bian ki­dec xal­xSi da iviw­
yebs Ta­vis po­li­ti­kur msofl-mxed­ve­lo­bas.
gaT­viT­cno­bie­re­bu­li pi­re­bi er­Teu­le­biT ga­ni­saz­
Rvre­ba sa­mah­ma­dia­no sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si. am­ri­gaT, ma­siur moZ­
rao­bas am Ja­maT iq ad­gi­li ara aqvs, rac be­ge­bis ba­to­no­
bas er­Ti oraT aZ­lie­rebs.
sa­mah­ma­dia­no sa­qar­Tve­lom po­li­ti­kur sfe­ro­Si icis
mxo­lod erov­nu­li moZ­rao­ba. eg sa­kiT­xi aq sa­Ta­na­do
mdgo­ma­reo­ba­Si ver aris Ca­ye­ne­bu­li da moZ­rao­bas ma­xin­ji
sa­xe aqvs mi­Re­bu­li: erov­nu­li da re­li­giu­ri sa­kiT­xi er­
Tma­neT­Sia dom­xa­li­viT areu­li, po­li­ti­kur sfe­ro­Si mxo­
lod am nia­dag­ze tria­lebs ma­Ti az­rov­ne­ba.
asea da­ye­ne­bu­li dRes po­li­ti­ku­ri da so­cia­lu­ri az­
rov­ne­ba, rac Cve­nis az­riT, re­vo­lu­ciis­Tvis xel­say­rel
pi­ro­beb­Si ver aris da re­vo­lu­cia gaR­rma­ve­bis Tval­saz­
ri­siT rom Sev­xe­doT, xalxs re­vo­lu­cio­ner­Ta gver­diT
amod­go­ma ar SeuZ­lia da dac­va mo­po­ve­bu­li uf­le­be­bi­
sa ar Za­ luZs, am pi­ ro­be­
bis mi­xed­
viT is gver­ dSi ki ver
amoud­ge­ba meb­rZol de­mok­ra­tias da ver gaaer­Tia­nebs
re­vo­lu­ciur fronts. es mov­le­na ki qar­Tvel qris­tian­
Ta gav­le­nas sa­mah­ma­dia­no sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si Zlier asus­tebs,
ri­si ma­ga­li­Te­bic Cvens Tval win uk­ve ga­daS­li­lia, Tu
si­nam­dvi­lis wi­na­Se Tvals ar da­vib­rma­vebT da yurs ar
mo­viy­ruebT.
be­geb­ze aras vit­yvi, ma­Ti po­li­ti­ku­ri da so­cia­lu­ri

49
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

az­rov­ne­ba yo­vel­Tvis aS­ka­raa. in­te­li­gen­ciis er­Ti na­wi­

li ga­fan­tu­lia ar­se­bul po­li­ti­kur par­tieb­Si da maT­Tan
xe­li­xel­Ca­ki­de­bu­li mu­Sao­ben, ram­de­nic Za­luZT.
aq­ve un­da aR­vniS­no, rom ba­Tom­Si Seik­ri­ba jgu­fi in­
te­li­gen­cii­sa, ro­mel­Tac air­Cies Ta­vis sa­ku­Ta­ri ko­mi­
te­ti, amaT gars Se­moik­rib­nen mci­re ric­xo­va­ni xal­xi da
moq­me­de­ben po­li­ti­kur nia­dag­ze. am nia­dag­ze am po­li­ti­
kur jguf­Si Tav-moy­ri­li arian yve­la mi­mar­Tu­le­bis mah­
ma­dia­ni qar­Tve­le­bi da um­Tav­res miz­nad aqvT sa­mah­ma­dia­
no sa­qar­Tve­los po­li­ti­kur or­ga­niz­mad Ca­mo­ya­li­be­ba,
mxo­lod da mxo­lod am sa­kiT­xiT arian dain­te­re­se­bu­li.
am in­ter-par­tiul jgu­fis moR­va­weo­ba mxo­lod ba­To­miT
ga­ni­saz­Rvre­ba, far­Te ma­sam mi­si ar­se­bo­ba arc ki icis, ase
rom, mis azrs ver gai­zia­rebs, ra gind ke­Til­So­bi­lu­ri
iyos igi.
ra po­li­ti­ku­ri kre­do­si arian xo­je­bi da saer­Tod su­
lie­ri ma­me­bi, ra Tqma un­da yo­ve­li Sem­Txve­va­Si aris de­
mok­ra­tiu­lis da miT ume­tes so­cia­lis­tu­ris, isi­ni ie­ra­
mia­se­bu­ris ie­re­mia­se­bu­ri go­de­biT das­ti­rian re­li­gias,
rom­lis gav­le­nis Se­sus­te­ba maT ba­to­no­bas frTebs Seak­
vecs da saf­lavs gauT­xris.

`xal­xis me­go­ba­ri“, #164, 1918

50
 ბათომის ოლქი

პროვინცია

ba­tu­mi Cve­nia. ba­tu­mi udao sa­kiT­xia Cven­Tvis, − dRes

Tu xval amas Cven Se­mog­vier­Te­be­no, − gai­Za­xian iq sa­qar­
Tve­los sa­res­pub­li­ko­Si yo­vel fe­xis na­bij­ze di­di Tu
pa­ta­ra, sof­le­li Tu qa­la­qe­li. did yu­rad­Re­bas aq­cevs
amas mTav­ ro­bac. es asea aq. aq ki, ba­ Tum­ Si, ras ake­ Tebs
aqau­ri qar­Tve­li sa­zo­ga­doe­ba? ake­Tebs ras­mes? un­da ga­
mo­te­xi­li iT­qvas, rom TiT­qmis ara­fers, gar­da im ram­de­
ni­me Zve­li am­xa­na­ge­bi­sa, ro­mel­Tac Ta­vi mouy­riaT erov­
nul sab­Wos gar­Se­mo. in­te­li­gen­cia sa­Si­nel pa­si­vo­bas
iCens. mo­du­ne­bu­li, pir­da­pir mi­viw­ye­bu­lia kul­tu­ru­li
Tu sxvag­va­ri mu­Sao­ba.
ex­la­xan aR­sdga Zve­li dra­ma­tu­li wre, ro­mel­mac ori
war­mod­ge­na das­dga, am­za­debs ax­lo mo­mav­li­saT­vis pie­sas
`no­mer oc­da er­Ti jvriT“, mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bas mar­Tavs re­Ji­
so­reb­Tan da sxv. mag­ram ra? Sex­vda amas qar­Tve­li aqau­ri
sa­zo­ga­doe­ba Ta­nag­rZno­biT? pir­vel war­mod­ge­nas daes­
wro asio­de ka­ci da meo­re­zed am­de­nic ki ara.
wres, ro­mel­mac ase­Ti in­ten­si­vo­ba ga­moi­Ci­na 1915 wli­
dan ba­Tu­mis sce­na­ze, me­ti Ta­nag­rZno­biT un­da Sex­vdnen.
Cven dar­wmu­ne­bu­li varT, rom am uan­ga­ro sce­nis mu­SakT
es mu­Sao­ba­ze guls ver auc­ruebs da Zve­le­bu­raT me­tis
ener­giiT ga­nag­rZo­ben daw­ye­bul saq­mes. amas­Ta­na­ve min­da
gan­vac­xa­do, rom am wres ara­vi­Ta­ri kav­Si­ri ara aqvs im
jguf­Tan, ro­mel­mac ba­Tu­mis sce­nis moy­va­re­Ta sa­xe­liT
sa­qar­Tve­los sxva­das­xva qa­la­qe­bi da sof­le­bi Se­moia­ra
da war­mod­ge­ne­bi ga­mar­Ta.
rki­nis gzis mu­Sa mo­sam­sa­xu­re­Ta 98 pro­cents qar­Tve­
le­bi Sead­ge­nen, maT me­ti moeT­xo­ve­baT, ro­gorc sa­qar­

51
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

Tve­los de­mok­ra­tiis avan­gards, mag­ram maT­Si ga­me­fe­bu­

li kin­klao­ba, sa­Si­ne­li in­tri­ga da sxv. iseT mom­wav­lel
at­mos­fe­ros hqmnis, rom Tu vis­mes co­ta mu­Sao­bis una­ri
Ser­Ce­no­da, isic pa­siT xde­ba. ar Se­miZ­lia ar usay­ve­du­ro
rki­nis gzis kav­Si­ris cen­tra­lur gam­geo­bas, ro­mel­mac
TiT­qos gan­geb, de­po­Si sa­Si­nel upa­su­xis­mgeb­lo pi­rebs
mou­ya­ra Ta­vi, ro­mel­Ta­gan yo­vel wuT­Si un­da ve­lo­deT
ga­fic­vas da sxva. aki ami­to­mac aris, rom ste­fa­no­vebs da
mis dam­qa­Sebs ase­Ti ga­sa­va­li aqvT maT­Si. sa­bed­nie­ro ga­
mo­nak­liss Sead­gens er­Ti na­wi­li, mag­ram ras gax­de­bi. amas
wi­naT viw­vnieT na­yo­fi Cve­ni dau­dev­ro­bi­sa: dag­vian­da ja­
ma­gi­re­bis da­ri­ge­ba da am upa­su­xis­mgeb­lo pi­reb­ma ga­fic­
va ga­moac­xa­des; rom mo­wi­na­ve am­xa­na­ge­bi ar Ca­reo­den, vin
icis, ro­dis mox­de­bo­da am in­ci­den­tis lik­vi­da­cia. rki­nis
gzis mu­Sa-mo­sam­sa­xu­reebs aq TiT­qmis igi­ve ja­ma­gi­ri aqvT,
rac sa­qar­Tve­los sxva raio­neb­Si, Tu ar mi­vi­RebT mxed­ve­
lo­ba­Si im 12-15 m. dRiurs, ra­sac aqau­ri mu­Sa-mo­sam­sa­xu­
re iRebs. qa­laq­Si Sa­vi mu­Sa Tviu­raT iRebs ja­ma­girs ara
nak­leb 4-5 aTas ma­ne­Ti­sa, xe­lo­sa­ni mu­Se­bi ki − 7-10 aTas
ma­ne­Tam­de. sa­Wi­roa amas dro­zed miaq­cios yu­rad­Re­ba rki­
nis gzis ad­mi­nis­tra­ciam da dRiu­ri gaa­di­dos 100 ma­ne­
Tam­de mainc. ma­Sin co­ta­Ti mainc Seum­su­buq­de­baT mdgo­ma­
reo­ba aqaur mu­Sa-mo­sam­sa­xu­reebs, To­rem dRe­van­del 1200
ma­ne­TiT cxov­re­ba yov­laT SeuZ­le­be­lia. sa­Wi­roa cen­tra­
lur­ma gam­geo­bam rac SeiZ­le­ba Cqa­ra miaq­cios yu­rad­Re­ba
ba­Tu­mis rki­nis gzis mu­Sa-mo­sam­sa­xu­re­Ta gac­xril­vas da
Se­sa­fe­ri kon­ti­gen­ti Seq­mnas, ro­me­lic sai­me­do iq­ne­ba ara
mar­to viw­ro pro­fe­sio­na­lur saq­meeb­Si“.

g. a - be­li.
`er­To­ba“, #272, 1919

52
 ბათომის ოლქი

ახალი ამბები:
მუსულმანთა სკოლებისთვის:

`sa­xal­xo ga­naT­le­bis sa­mi­nis­tro Suam­dgom­lobs mTav­

ro­bis wi­na­Se gaix­snas kur­se­bi mu­sul­man­Ta sko­le­bis mas­
wav­le­bel­Ta mo­sam­za­deb­laT. Suam­dgom­lo­ba jer­je­ro­biT
fi­nan­sTa mi­nis­trma da sa­xel­mwi­fo kon­tro­lior­ma ga­ni­xi­
les, ris Sem­de­gac mTav­ro­bas ga­dae­ce­ma gan­sa­xil­ve­lad“.

`so­cial de­mok­ra­ti“, #51, 1919

ბათომის ამბავი

`ofi­cia­lu­rad ga­moc­xad­da ba­To­mis gad­mo­ce­ma sa­qar­

Tve­los xel­Si. sa­bo­looT, ru­seT­ma aRia­ra ba­To­mi Cve­naT.
ba­To­mi amie­ri­dan iu­ri­diu­laT uk­ve gad­mo­vi­da sa­qar­Tve­
los far­gleb­Si. sa­kiT­xi dgas mxo­lod am uf­le­bis tex­ni­
ku­rad gan­xor­cie­le­ba­ze. am­ri­gaT, srul­de­ba ime­di sa­qar­
Tve­los de­mok­ra­tiis erT sa­xel­mwi­fo­Si gaer­Tia­ne­bis.
ba­To­mis Se­moer­Te­bis did kul­tu­rul mniS­vne­lo­bas −
ro­gorc sa­qar­Tve­los sau­ke­Te­so bo­Ra­zi­sas da ev­ro­pis
ka­ri­sas, ema­te­ba es di­di mniS­vne­lo­ba eris gam­Te­le­bis.
tyui­laT ar iyo ba­To­mi ak­va­ni mu­Sa­Ta moZ­rao­bis da er­Ti
pir­vel­Ta­ga­ni − Tfi­liss Sem­deg re­vo­lu­ciur ga­mos­vleb­
Si da re­vo­lu­ciur Se­moq­me­de­ba­Si“.
`er­To­ba“, #146, 1920

53
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

სამუსლიმანო საქართველო და
ეკლესიის საკითხი

`sa­mus­li­ma­no sa­qar­Tve­lo“ swers: Cven gverds ver aux­

vevT zo­ gierT mux­ lebs, ro­ mel­Tac SeuZ­ liaT Tu qris­
tia­neb­Si ara Cven­Si, mus­li­man­Ta So­ris, di­di arev-da­reu­
lo­ba ga­moiw­vios. sa­xel­dobr: meoT­xe, me­xu­Te da meS­vi­de
mux­lebs.
es sa­mi­ve aR­ni­Su­li mux­li er­Tma­neT­ze fria­daa ga­daW­
do­bi­li da ma­ga­Ti cxov­re­ba­Si gay­va­na niS­navs TviT ada­
mia­nis si­ni­di­sis Ta­vi­suf­le­bis Se­boW­vas.
ro­gor, ada­mians ne­ba hqon­des rwme­na sa­Tu­Tad Sei­
na­xos da mis mov­li­saT­vis ara Sei­Zi­nos ra sa­kuT­re­baT?
an da ver war­mog­vid­ge­nia, rom sa­mus­li­ma­no sa­qar­Tve­lo
Seu­rig­des dad­ge­ni­le­bis me­xu­Te muxls, sa­dac pir­da­pir
aR­niS­nu­lia, rom yo­ve­li uZ­ra­vi qo­ne­ba sa­xel­mwi­fo sa­
kuT­re­bad un­da ga­da­vi­des.
Cven eW­vic ki ar Seg­vdis, rom ara Tu sa­mus­li­ma­no sa­
qar­Tve­lo, ara­med sa­zo­ga­doT is eri, sa­dac me­Ce­Ti gau­
mar­TavT na­xe­var mTva­riT, ver Seiw­yna­rebs yve­la imas,
imi­tom, rom pu­fe­bi Se­Ze­ni­lia Sa­ria­Tis dad­ge­ni­le­bis Ta­
nax­mad da mi­si ga­das­vla vi­sa­me xel­Si, Tu ki ga­da­ce­ma sa­
Wi­roa, isev mus­li­man­Ta xel­Si un­da ga­da­vi­des.
me­sa­me da ara nak­leb mniS­vne­lo­va­ni sa­kiT­xi Cven­Tvis,
mus­li­ma­ne­bis­Tvis, isaa, rom sa­xel­mwi­fos ga­nuz­ra­xavs re­
li­giu­ri aR­zrda da swav­la mos­pos sko­leb­Si.
Cven ar vi­ciT, ras hfiq­ro­ben Cve­ni Zma qris­tia­ne­bi. Tu
isi­ni am sa­kiT­xSi das­Tan­xmdnen, sCans, ga­ci­ve­bu­la maT­
Si rwme­na, mag­ram Cven­Si amas ver vit­yviT; Cven Cve­ni su­
lis sa­me­fo gvaqvs da vinc sa­Sua­le­bas ar mog­vcems, rom

54
 ბათომის ოლქი

mo­viq­ceT ise, ro­gorc Cven gvsurs, ro­gorc gvib­rZa­nebs

sin­di­si da Cve­ni rwme­na, is la­xavs Cvens uze­naes mis­wra­
fe­bas da, ma­Sa­sa­da­me, mte­ria Cve­ni...“
`mi­wa“, #299, 1920

ჩაქვი

`aq mo­mu­Sa­ve qar­Tve­li mu­Se­bi did ener­gias iCe­nen po­

li­ti­kur-kul­tu­rul mu­Sao­bas. jer­je­ro­biT gax­sni­lia
ufa­so sam­kiT­xve­lo, daar­se­bu­lia soc-de­mok­ra­tiu­li
or­ga­ni­za­cia, pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­Si­ri da kul­tu­ru­li
seq­cia. sa­xel­mwi­fo ma­mul­Si um­Tav­re­sad ru­se­bia, ro­mel­
Ta­gan bev­ ri ver grZnobs Tavs ise, ro­ gorc war­ sul­Si.
dRes, ro­ca res­pub­li­kis sa­ga­reo mdgo­ma­reo­ba Seic­va­la,
zo­gier­Tma maT­gan­ma yu­re­bi cqvi­tes da si­xa­ruls eZ­le­
vian: `som­xeT­ma bal­Se­viz­mi mii­Ro, sa­qar­Tve­lo­Siac ma­le
ga­dat­ria­le­ba mox­de­ba, ko­mu­niz­mi gviax­lov­de­ba“-o da sx.
amas isi­ni yo­vel fe­xis na­bij­ze imeo­re­ben, mag­ram Cve­nebs
es su­lac ar aSi­nebs“.

Wag­ne­li bzi­ki
`er­To­ba“, #15, 1921

55
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

საუბარი
აჭარლების მიმართ

`pir­ve­lad Zmur sa­lams giZ­RvniT da gi­sur­vebT su­

lier­sa da niv­Tier war­ma­te­bas Tqve­ni sam­Sob­los sa­sar­
geb­lod. am did­ma re­vo­liu­ciam er­Ti dau­fa­se­be­li sa­sar­
geb­lo­ba sar­geb­lo­ba mou­ta­na de­mok­ra­tias, anu, Cve­ne­bu­
rad ro­ma vsTqvaT, fu­xa­ra xalxs Ta­vi­suf­le­ba da yve­la
tom­Ta da gvar­da gvar­Ta TviT­cno­bie­re­ba, rad­ga­nac Zve­
lad Ce­mi wi­na­par­ni aWa­ri­dan yo­fi­lan, pa­pis ma­ma se­lim
fa­Sas gad­moh­yo­lia axal­ci­xes, ami­tom me gu­li Sem­tki­va
er­Tnai­rad ro­gorc saq­ris­tia­no sa­qar­Tve­los­Tvis, ise
aWa­ris­Tvis da sa­zo­ga­dod sa­mah­ma­dia­no sa­qar­Tve­los­
Tvis. dag­vid­ga dro di­di bed­nie­re­bi­sa: sa­qar­Tve­lom
moi­po­va da­mou­ki­deb­lo­ba mra­val qar­Tvel­Ta vaJ­ka­co­biT
da Seh­qmna Ta­vi­su­fa­li sa­xel­mwi­fo res­pub­li­ka, ro­me­lic
zru­navs Ta­vis mo­qa­la­qe­TaT­vis, ga­nur­Cev­lad gva­ri­sa da
rju­li­sa. am dros ar Se­miZ­lian sia­mov­ne­biT ar mo­vi­go­no
cxo­ne­bu­li hu­sein Cau­Si, ro­me­lic ma­ma­Ce­mis na­Te­sa­vi iyo.
dRe­sas­wau­leb­Si aWa­ri­dan ko­ko­ra yvels da ka­raqs ZRvnad
gad­mog­vi­tan­da xol­me axal­ci­xe­Si − ra­baT­Si, Cvenc wi­Tel
kver­cxeb­sa da axal­ci­xur nam­cxvars fex­lavs, Sa­qar­lams
ga­va­tan­diT xol­me. es iyo 45 wlis wi­naT. me bav­Svi vi­ya­vi,
sko­la­Si dav­dio­di. mas Za­lian uy­var­da sa­zo­ga­dod qar­
Tve­lo­ba, bev­ri qar­Tu­li leq­se­bic ico­da, mi­si leq­se­bi am
25 wlis wi­nad ga­zeT `ive­ria­Si“ dai­beW­da. et­yo­bo­da bevrs
ad­gils iyo nam­yo­fi. stam­bul­Si, bul­ga­reT­Si, ie­ru­sa­
lim­Si da da­sav­leT sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si, ime­reT-gu­ria­Si. mi­si
nat­vra iyo sa­qar­Tve­los gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­ba ro­gorc di­di
Ta­ma­ris dros iyo. mag­ram zo­gierT Seug­ne­bel aWa­rel­sa

56
 ბათომის ოლქი

da ka­To­li­kes ver gaer­Cia erov­ne­ba da sar­wmu­noe­ba. ex­la

ki is bev­rma Seig­no. ma­ga­li­Tad, axal­ci­xis maz­ris Tqve­ni
nac­no­bi sof­le­bis udes, ara­lis, va­les mcxov­reb­ni, ro­
mel­Ta So­ris mra­va­li moy­va­re da mo­ke­Te gyavT, aRar iZa­
xian fran­ge­bi var­To, ex­la TiT­qmis yve­la am­bobs qar­Tve­
li ka­To­li­ke var­To. am nai­rad­ve Seg­ne­bu­li aWa­re­li aRar
iZa­xis Ta­Ta­ri va­ro, am­bobs qar­Tve­li-mu­sul­ma­ni va­ro. ai
Sors nu wax­valT, os­ma­leT­Si ara­bi, ar­nou­ti, boS­nia­ki da
sxva mah­ma­dia­ne­bic arian da qris­tia­ne­bic. rom hkiT­xo vin
xa­ro, isi­ni Ta­vianT gvars get­yvian, Ta­vian­Ti to­mic Za­
lian uy­varT. sa­Wi­roe­bis dros mah­ma­dian­ni da qris­tia­ni
er­Tni xde­bian, er­Tad zru­na­ven da omo­ben ki­dec Ta­vian­Ti
saer­To sam­Sob­los sa­ke­Til­dReod.
os­ma­los sa­xel­mwi­fo ex­la is aRar aris, rac Tun­dac
aq 50 wlis wi­neT iyo, bev­ri pa­ta­ra eri ga­moe­yo os­ma­leTs
da da­mou­ki­de­be­li sa­xel­mwi­fo Seh­qmna. igi Tan­da­Tan sus­
tde­ba da ekar­ge­ba una­ri pa­ta­ra ere­bis da­Cag­vri­sa. sa­
qar­Tve­los arc sxvi­si mi­wa-wya­li un­da, arc sxva to­mis
da­mo­ne­ba. igi Ta­vis ga­nu­yo­fe­li saz­Rvre­bis iqiT ar wa­va.
sa­mah­ma­dia­no sa­qar­Tve­loc Cve­ni saer­To sam­Sob­los
ga­nu­yo­fe­li na­wi­lia. mah­ma­dian­ma qar­Tve­leb­ma ar un­da
dai­viw­yon Ta­vian­Ti moZ­me­ni, maT­Tan xel-xel Ca­ki­de­bul­ma
ia­ron, ar ah­yvnen bo­rot ada­mia­nebs, rom­le­bic cdi­lo­ben
Cvens So­ris mtro­ba Ca­moag­don da ma­Sin sa­qar­Tve­lo­sac
eRir­se­ba bed­nie­re­ba, ma­Sin Tqven, mah­ma­dia­ni qar­Tve­le­bic
sau­ke­Te­so cxov­re­bas eRir­se­biT“.

mes­xi i. bar­ka­laia.
`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #401, 1919

57
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

კონსტიტუციისთვის

`mej­li­si dRe­van­del dRes Seud­ge­ba sa­mus­li­ma­no sa­

qar­Tve­los kon­sti­tu­ciis proeq­tis gan­xil­vas.
xse­ne­bu­li proeq­ti un­da gan­xi­lu­li­yo ki­dev 16 noem­
bris sxdo­ma­ze, mag­ram rad­ga­nac dro da ga­re­moe­ba ne­bas
ar iZ­leo­da, gan­xil­va sad­Rei­sod ga­dai­do.
Cven vfiq­robT, rom dRe­van­del dRe­sac proeq­tis gan­
xil­va naad­re­vi iq­ne­ba da ai ra­tom:
mar­Ta­lia proeq­ti Se­mu­Sa­ve­bu­lia mej­li­sis da­va­le­
biT, isic mar­Ta­lia, rom iu­ri­diu­li ko­mi­sia proeq­tis
Se­mu­Sa­ve­bis dros sa­xel­mwi­fo Tval­saz­ri­siT xel­mZRva­
ne­lob­da, mag­ram proeq­tis ro­me­li­me sxdo­ma­ze wa­kiT­xva
da da­das­tu­re­ba, an uar­yo­fa, isic sa­kon­sti­tu­cio proeq­
ti­sa, yov­lad SeuZ­le­be­lia da miu­Re­be­li, Tu wi­nas­war­ve
mej­li­sis yo­ve­li wev­ri ar iq­ne­ba gac­no­bi­li.
mej­li­sis aC­qa­re­ba ar eWir­ve­ba. Cven vi­ciT, rom Tbi­
lis­Si dam­fuZ­ne­bel kre­bas­Tan ar­se­bu­li iu­ri­diu­li ko­
mi­sia sa­qar­Tve­los kon­sti­tu­ciis proeq­tis da­mu­Sa­ve­bas
TiT­qmis or wels moun­da da dar­wmu­ne­bu­li varT, mi­si
mux­lob­ri­vi gan­xil­va da da­das­tu­re­ba arc ise ad­vi­lad
mox­de­ba, ro­gorc gvgo­nia.
viT­va­lis­wi­nebT ra am ga­re­moe­bas, Cven wi­na­da­de­bas vaZ­
levT mej­liss, ra­Ta droe­biT, er­Ti kvi­riT mainc, ki­dev
ga­dai­dos xse­ne­bul kon­sti­tu­ciis proeq­ti, ma­nam­de igi
dai­beW­dos ise ro­gorc dam­fuZ­ne­bel kre­bam cal­ke wig­nad
ga­mos­ca sa­qar­Tve­los uze­naes kon­sti­tu­ciis proeq­ti.
ga­mo­vaq­vey­noT igi, gav­zar­doT pre­sis Rir­sad, mo­vus­mi­
noT sxveb­sac, mej­li­sis yve­la wev­reb­mac Se­vis­wav­loT, av­
won-dav­wo­noT, Se­va­da­roT sxva qvey­ne­bis kon­sti­tu­ciebs,

58
 ბათომის ოლქი

vinc Cven nair mdgo­ma­reo­ba­Si im­yo­fe­ba da Sem­deg sa­zei­mo

sxdo­meb­ze mej­li­sis das­tu­ri ise mi­vi­RoT Tbi­lis­Si dam­
fuZ­ne­bel kre­ba­Si war­sad­ge­nad da da­sam­tki­ceb­lad.
gvax­sov­des, rom aq Ti­Toeul sit­yvas un­da hqon­des wo­
na, Ti­Toeul muxls un­da aj­des Rrma mo­fiq­re­bis be­We­di“.

`sa­mus­li­ma­no sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #464, 1920

წერილი ბ. აბაშიძისა

`Zma­no qar­Tvel­no! am epis­to­les gwerT Tqve­ni sis­xli­

sa da xor­cis ada­mia­ni − Tqve­ni gul­wrfe­li mo­siy­va­ru­le
Zma mah­ma­dia­ni qar­Tve­li. am Sav­bnel dro­sa ga­mo Seq­mnil
ga­re­moe­bam mai­Zu­la am epis­to­les war­mog­zav­na. ram­de­ni­me
dRis win Ce­mam­de moaR­wia am­bav­ma, rom ap­ni­sis da gog­Se­nias
mcxov­reb­ma qar­Tve­leb­ma mia­to­ves Tav­Ta­vian­Ti sof­le­bi.
friad ama­Rel­va am am­bav­ma, sas­ti­ki gan­kar­gu­le­ba ga­ve­
ci, Seew­yvi­taT Zar­cva-gle­ja da xal­xis awio­ke­ba. ba­Si­
bu­zuk­Ta asa­lag­ma­vad ga­mo­viy­va­ne Ce­mi ja­ri. gzad Tqvens
sof­leb­Si Se­ta­ke­ba mog­vix­da ba­Si­bu­zu­keb­Tan, ro­mel­Tac
moh­qon­daT pu­ri da na­dav­li. yve­la­ni Se­vip­ya­ri, na­dav­li
Ca­mo­var­Tvi da Tqvens ek­le­sieb­Si Se­vag­ro­ve (yve­laf­ris
oq­mi Sed­ge­ni­lia amis Se­sa­xeb)…
er­Ti sit­yviT, me­tad sa­sur­ve­li mSo­be­li kuT­xe mSo­be­
li so­fe­li ar iq­nes ga­nad­gu­re­bu­li. gTxovT, Ce­mo Zvir­
fa­so Zme­bo, nu Sex­valT Sec­do­ma­Si, ar mia­to­voT mSo­be­li
kuT­xe, nu gaa­nad­gu­rebT qar­Tuls maz­rebs. yve­la ga­nad­

59
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

gu­re­bu­li sof­le­bi, ma­Ti za­ra­li ise­ve anaz­Rau­re­bul iq­

ne­
ba, oRond nu gar­ bian, oRond Ta­ vianT kars daub­ run­
dnen Tvi­Ton sof­lel­ni…“
pa­ti­vis­ce­miT b. aba­Si­Ze

პასუხი
პატივცემულო ბატონო აბაშიძე!

`mi­vi­ReT Tqve­ni wi­na­da­de­ba Se­ri­ge­bi­sa da za­vis Ca­mog­

de­bis Se­sa­xeb qar­Tve­leb­sa da mah­ma­dia­nebs So­ris. si­xa­ru­
lis crem­le­bi mog­vad­ga TiT­qmis yve­las, Stab­Si myofT,
ro­de­sac Tqve­ni we­ri­li wa­vi­kiT­xeT. sam­wu­xa­ro am­be­bi
dat­rial­da Zma­Ta So­ri­sac. ra­Rac gau­geb­ro­ba mox­da. vi­
Rac me­sa­mem Seg­viy­va­na Sec­do­ma­Si da uman­ko sis­xli daR­
va­ra da iR­vre­ba kvlav. qar­Tve­li eri, rain­di aras dros
mter­sa ar ep­yro­bo­da bar­ba­ro­su­lad. qar­Tve­li xal­xi
mot­yue­bu­li ru­se­Tis­gan 117 wlis Sem­deg Zlivs aR­wevs
Tavs da Ta­vi­suf­lde­ba. amie­ri­dan qar­Tvel xalxs eq­ne­ba
da­mou­ki­de­be­li sa­xel­mwi­fo, eyo­le­ba Ta­vi­si mTav­ro­ba da
yve­la mcxov­rebs sa­qar­Tve­los te­ri­to­ria­ze er­Tnai­rad
gau­wevs mfar­ve­lo­bas“.

eq. iS­xne­li
`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #118, 1918

60
 ბ ო რ ჩ ალ ო ს ო ლ ქ ი

მასწავლებელთა კურსების
შესახებ წალკაში

`ro­gorc wal­kis raio­nis mas­wav­leb­lo­ba, ag­reT­ve mTe­

li wal­ka ar scnobs elin­Ta TviT­ne­ba na­cio­na­lur sab­
Wos da pro­tests ac­xa­debs mi­si wal­kis mas­wav­le­bel­Ta
kur­se­bis mow­yo­bis saq­me­Si Ca­re­vis ga­mo mas­wav­le­bel­Ta
da in­speq­ciis dau­kiT­xa­vad, vTxo­voT sa­xal­xo ga­naT­le­bis
sa­mi­nis­tros moaw­yos Cven­Tvis kur­se­bi me-6 raio­nis in­
speq­to­ris mox­se­ne­bis Ta­nax­mad.
ana­ni­ko­vi, an­dria­no­vi, sa­rie­vi, xris­tia­no­vi, po­lix­ro­
no­vi, mi­xai­lo­vi, apos­to­lo­vi, as­la­no­vi, mi­xai­lo­vi, to­
ru­no­vi, Sax­pa­zi­vu, da­xi­ro­vi, mi­xai­lo­vi, pi­la­vo­vi, kos­ta­
no­vi, kiS­nia­ro­vi, as­la­ma­zo­vi, po­pon­do­pu­lo, Sax­pa­zo­vi,
pi­la­vo­vi, anas­ta­so­vi, mai­see­vi“.

`axa­li sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #1, 1919

61
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

სადახლოს საბაჟო

`amiT sa­yov­le­Taod ac­xa­debs, rom 30 de­kem­bers 1010

1919 wels di­lis aT saaaT­ze sa­dax­los sa­ba­Jo­Si (sad­gu­ri
sa­dax­lo) gai­yi­de­ba sa­ja­ro vaW­ro­biT sa­ba­Jos mier Ca­mor­
Tmeu­li sa­qo­ne­li, sa­xel­dobr: Tam­ba­qo, pa­pi­ro­se­bi, pa­
pi­ro­sis qa­Ral­de­bi, far­Tleu­lo­ba, qa­lis ka­be­bi Ci­Ti­sa,
ko­Wis Za­fi, mom­pa­sie da sxva da sxva“.

`sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka“, #284, 1919

62
 გორის ოლქი

ოსების ამბები

`qar­Tul le­gio­nis ofi­ce­ri St. kap. la­to ba­ra­TaS­vi­

li, ro­me­lic am dReeb­Si ja­vis xeo­ba­Si iyo, ose­bis Se­sa­xeb
Sem­degs gad­mog­vcems:
`ose­bi am­ bo­
ben, rom wels, Cven usa­ Tuod un­ da ga­ vi­
mar­jvoT, Sar­San dag­va­mar­cxa sa­qar­Tve­los mTav­ro­bam,
mag­ram ase ar mox­de­ba wels. san­do pi­re­bis TqmiT oseb­
Tan Tavs iy­rian ru­si ofic­re­bi. ose­bis er­Ti me­Taur­
Ta­ga­ni se­na­yoe­vi am Ja­mad ja­va­Sia. cxin­va­lis raio­ni­dan
qar­Tve­li mkvid­rni ga­mor­bian, ose­bi ar ma­la­ven da isi­ni
aS­ka­rad am­bo­ben, rom Cven ma­le omi mog­vix­de­bao, mom­za­
de­bu­li ose­bi sak­maod arian, maT aqvT tyviis mfrqvev­
le­bi­co“.
`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #113, 1919 we­li

63
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

მთავრობაში
დახმარება გორის გარნიზონს

`mTav­ro­bam daad­gi­na fi­nan­sTa mi­nis­tris Tav­mjdo­ma­

reo­biT daaar­sos ko­mi­sia, ro­me­lic Sei­mu­Sa­vebs sa­kiTxs
gar­ni­zo­nis im sam­xed­ro pi­re­bi­sad­mi dax­ma­re­bis aR­mo­Ce­
nis Se­sa­xeb, ro­mel­nic mi­wis Zvris dros da­za­ral­dnen.
ko­mi­sia­Si Sev­len dain­te­re­se­bul uw­ye­ba­Ta war­mo­mad­gen­
le­bi, da ag­reT­ve go­ris mi­wis­Zvri­sa­gan da­za­ra­le­bul­Ta
dam­xma­re mTa­var ko­mi­te­tis wa­mo­mad­gen­le­bi“.

`sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka:
mTav­ro­bis moam­be“, #189, 1920

სოფელი მუხრანი

`mux­ra­ni, du­Se­Tis sa­Te­mo­Si, erT did so­fel­Ta­ga­nia.

am so­fel­ze bev­ri ram da­we­ri­la ga­ze­Tis fur­cleb­ze da
kvla­vac bev­ri dai­we­re­ba. aq TiT­qmis yve­la da­we­se­bu­le­
baa daar­se­bu­li: sko­la (ma­le oTx kla­sia­ni iq­ne­ba), bib­
lio­Te­ka, fos­ta-te­leg­ra­fi, ero­ba, koo­pe­ra­ti­vi da sxva.
mxo­lod mux­rans ara aqvs Teat­ri, ris­Tvi­sac ad­gi­lob­riv
in­te­li­gen­cia da uf­ro ero­bis gam­geo­ba did say­ve­du­ris
Rir­sni arian.
en­ke­nis­Tves 5 Te­mis Se­no­ba­Si Ses­dga xmo­san­Ta kre­ba.

64
 გორის ოლქი

kre­bas daes­wrnen ag­reT­ve du­Se­Tis Te­mis war­mo­mad­ge­nel­

ni: amx. ka­lan­da­riS­vi­li da To­ba­Ze. kre­bis sa­ga­ni iyo: 1)
Te­mis Tav­mjdo­ma­ris don­do­la­Zis mox­se­ne­ba, 2) Zve­li wev­
re­bis ga­da­ye­ne­ba da ax­le­bis amor­Ce­va, 3) Tav­mjdo­ma­ris
don­do­la­Zis mier uka­no­no moq­me­de­ba da sxva sa­kiT­xe­bi.
kre­ba gaix­sna ad­gi­lob­riv eqi­mis bit-ab­ra­mo­vis Tav­mjdo­
ma­reo­biT da gior­gi na­TaS­vi­lis mdiv­no­biT. ba­ton­ma don­
do­la­Zem mok­le mox­se­ne­ba wai­kiT­xa, sa­dac man aR­niS­na gu­
lax­di­lad, rom sxva da sxva mi­ze­zi­sa da dab­rko­le­be­bis
ga­mo mux­ra­nis Tem­ma is ver gaa­ke­Ta, rac mis da­niS­nu­le­bas
Sead­gen­da da Sem­deg usur­va mo­ma­va­li gam­geo­bis wev­rebs
me­ti ener­gia da na­yo­fie­ri mu­Sao­ba. mox­se­ne­bis Sem­deg
kre­bam aar­Cia sa­mi ka­ci­sa­gan Sem­dga­ri ko­mi­sia da mian­do
mas ba­ton don­do­la­Zis wi­naaR­mdeg gvar­diis uf­ro­sis va­
so ma­yaS­vi­lis da an­to­naS­vi­lis mier wa­mo­ye­ne­bul bral­
de­be­bis gar­Ce­va. Tav­mjdo­ma­ris ad­gi­lis kan­di­da­te­bad
daa­sa­xe­les sof. il­to­zis mcxov­re­bi kar­gad Seg­ne­bu­li,
mu­Sa ada­mia­ni mi­xeil gior­go­bia­ni da mux­ra­ni­dan mi­qa­Ze,
mag­ram arc er­Ti ar iq­mna gay­va­ni­li, vi­nai­dan da­sa­xe­le­bu­
li kan­di­da­te­bi kre­ba­ze ar daes­wrnen da ma­Ti Tan­xmo­bis
rwmu­ne­bu­le­ba kre­bas ara hqon­da. ar­Cev­ne­bi Sem­deg kre­
bis­Tvis ga­dai­do“.

`sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka:
mTav­ro­bis moam­be“, #198, 1920
.

65
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

სოფელი კეხვი
(ცხინვალის თემი)

`es so­fe­li uka­nas­kne­li so­fe­lia qar­Tve­le­bis, ose­bis

mij­na­ze. mu­dam mtri­sa­gan Tav­das­xmis SiS­Si yo­fi­la uwi­
nac da ax­lac. ami­tom aq di­di ci­xee­bia, sa­ca mdga­ra mu­
dam mo­ri­ge ja­ri. dRes ki ara­vin aris, am ga­dat­ria­le­bis
xa­na­Si, kex­ve­lebs tye­Si da axoeb­Si ose­bi scar­cvam­dnen,
Zvel ta­ni­sa­moss qa­leb­sac ki hxdid­nen: dRes, ro­ca ose­
bi aqeT mxa­res ay­ril­ni arian, uf­ro cu­di am­be­bi xde­ba.
25 en­ke­nis­Tves kex­ve­li da­Ta kax­naS­vi­li, tye­Si mo­mu­Sa­ve,
To­fiT moh­kles da rac zed ec­va, gaaZ­vres. 26 s uk­va­lod
da­kar­gul ose­bis om­Si fxve­nel mi­xeil ami­lax­vris ye­va­ri
xa­ri da ori mex­re kex­vis tye­Si moi­ta­ces Tor­met­ma Seia­
ra­Re­bul­ma os­ma. mex­ree­bi ori dRis sa­va­lid­gan ga­moh­
par­vod­nen.
27 s kex­vel ala­Ze zu­ras Svi­di su­li sa­qo­ne­li mos­ta­
ces. 28-s ki­dev kex­ve­lebs 8 su­li sa­qo­ne­li mos­ta­ces. ase
grZel­de­ba saq­me, xal­xi me­tad Se­wu­xe­bu­lia. aris zo­me­bi
mi­Re­bu­li, Tum­ca jer uSe­de­god“.

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #113, 1920

66
 გორის ოლქი

საერობო არჩევნები სოფ.

კავთისხევში

`yve­las­Tvis cxa­dia, Tu ra udi­de­si mniS­vne­lo­ba aqvs

ero­bis Se­mo­Re­bas Cven­Si gan­sa­kuT­re­biT dRes, ro­de­sac
sof­lis ga­Wir­ve­bu­li da um­weo mdgo­ma­reo­ba pir­da­pir
au­ta­ne­li xde­ba. yo­ve­li xal­xis gul­Se­mat­ki­va­ri da miT
ume­ tes par­ tia imas un­ da scdi­ lob­ des, rom xal­ xis mar­
Tva-gam­geo­bis sa­Ta­ve­Si ise­Ti pi­re­bi moeq­cnen, ro­mel­Ta
zrun­vis sa­ga­ni xal­xis Wir-va­ra­mis Sem­su­bu­qe­ba da um­weo
mdgo­ma­reo­bis gaum­jo­be­se­ba iq­ne­ba. am nia­dag­ze war­moe­ba
agi­ta­cii­sa xal­xSi yo­vel par­tiis mier, rom Ta­vis da­sa­
xe­le­bu­li kan­di­da­te­bi gaiy­va­nos da am­gva­rad ga­mar­jve­ba
ar­gu­nos Ta­vis par­tias bev­ri xme­bis mi­Re­biT, Se­saw­yna­re­
be­li­caa da au­ci­le­be­lic. mag­ram we­sie­re­bi­sa da sa­mar­
Tlia­no­bis nor­me­bi mainc ar un­da Seb­Ra­los Ta­vi­si moq­
me­de­biT.
swo­red ase­Ti iyo moq­me­de­ba kav­Tis­xe­vel soc. de­mok­
ra­te­bi­sa − Se­lax­va sa­mar­Tlia­no­bi­sa da uar­yo­fa im we­se­
bi­sa, rom­le­bic Se­mo­Re­bu­lia saer­Tod ar­Cev­ne­bis we­sier
mox­de­ni­saT­vis.
ar­Cev­ne­bi seq­tem­bris 30-sTvis iyo da­niS­nu­li. kvi­ra
di­liT sof­lis kan­ce­la­riis­ken xal­xma iw­yo de­na ar­Cev­
neb­Si mo­na­wi­leo­bis mi­sa­Re­bad. bev­ri maT­ga­ni ga­moc­xad­
da 4-8 saar­Cev­no ba­ra­TiT xel­Si. soc. de­mok­ra­teb­ma ne­ba
dar­Tes yo­vel amom­rCe­vels esar­geb­lna sxvis ba­ra­Te­biT
da am­gva­rad erT amom­rCe­vels uf­le­ba eZ­leo­da ra­mo­de­ni­
me biu­le­te­ni Caeg­do yuT­Si. Cven gan­vuc­xa­deT, rom yov­
lad SeuZ­le­be­lia ase­Ti we­siT ar­Cev­ne­bis war­moe­ba, rom
es dar­Rve­vaa da uar­yo­fa im we­si­sa, ro­me­lic saer­To­daa

67
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

mi­Re­bu­li sa­xel­mZRva­ne­lod ar­Cev­ne­bis ka­no­nier mox­de­

nis­Tvis. jer ar un­do­daT es Seeg­noT da as­te­xes gan­ga­Si,
daiw­yes Ta­vi­se­bu­ri de­ma­go­go­ba, rom Tqven xels gviS­liT,
Tqve­ni mi­za­ni mxo­lod da mxo­lod ar­Cev­ne­bis CaS­laa da
sxv. mag­ram bo­los, ro­gorc iq­mna, da­vi­Tan­xmeT da uar­va­
yo­fi­neT Ta­vian­Ti uka­no­no ga­daw­yve­ti­le­ba. amis Sem­de­gac
bevrs uka­no­no­bas, da­sag­mob da Seuw­yna­re­bel moq­me­de­bas
hqon­da ala­gi, mag­ram aq imaT aR­nus­xvas aRar ga­moud­ge­
biT.
ar­Cev­ne­bis meo­re dRes, ro­ca yu­Te­bi un­da gax­sni­li­yo,
ko­mi­siis wev­rebs mov­sTxo­veT amom­rCe­vel­Ta sie­bi, rom
Se­mog­ve­mow­me­bi­na ka­no­nie­re­ba yu­Teb­Si aR­mo­Ce­nil xme­bi­
sa, mag­ram aseT sa­mar­Tlian moT­xov­ni­le­ba­ze soc. de­mok­
ra­teb­ma ka­te­go­riu­li ua­ri gviT­xres, sie­bi ar war­moad­
gi­nes da ga­nac­xa­des, Tqven ma­gis uf­le­ba ara gaq­vTo.
Cven aux­se­niT, rom Tqve­ni qce­va yov­lad Seuw­yna­re­be­
lia da ar­RvevT im saer­To wess, ro­me­lic ar­Cev­ne­bis­Tvis
aris Se­mo­Re­bu­li, ro­de­sac Tqven Cvens sa­mar­Tlian moT­
xov­ni­le­bas ar ak­ma­yo­fi­lebT, mag­ram isi­ni mainc mtki­
ce uar­ze id­gnen: sie­biT Se­mow­me­ba xme­bi­sa ra sa­Wi­roa,
gav­xsnaT yu­Te­bi pir­da­pir da dav­Tva­lo­To. Se­Tan­xme­ba
SeuZ­le­be­li gax­da, ami­tom ko­mi­siis mier gag­zav­nil iq­
mna ka­ci axal­qa­la­qis sa­raio­no ko­mi­siis Tav­mjdo­ma­res­
Tan am in­ci­den­tis Se­sat­yo­bi­neb­lad. sa­raio­no ko­mi­siis
Tav­mjdo­ma­rem sTqva, Tqve­ni moT­xov­na sa­mar­Tlia­ni da
ka­no­nie­riao. mxo­lod amis Sem­deg dag­ve­Tan­xmen soc. de­
mok­ra­te­bi sie­bis ga­da­sin­jvas. mag­ram gvian iyo, rad­gan
am xnis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si uk­ve moas­wres sie­bis Ses­wo­re­ba,
mag­ram ise mainc ver, rom maT mier Ca­de­ni­li uka­no­no­ba­
ni ar ga­mom­JRav­ne­bu­li­yo. amis Sem­deg yu­Te­bi gax­snes da
Seu­de­qiT xme­bis daT­vlas da ra ga­moir­kva? miu­xe­da­vad
imi­sa, rom sie­bi Ta­vi­se­bu­rad Seas­wo­res da gaam­rav­les

68
 გორის ოლქი

ga­moc­xa­de­bu­la amom­rCe­vel­Ta ric­xvi zed-me­ti niS­ne­bis

das­miT, da­ma­te­bi­Ti sie­bis Sed­ge­niT ar­Cev­ne­bis dRes,
mainc yu­Teb­Si biu­le­te­ne­bis rao­de­no­ba me­ti aR­moC­nda
amom­rCe­vel­Ta ric­xvze“. [...]
dam­swre
`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #351, 1918

მღვდლის თავგასულობა

`re­daq­cias mou­vi­da go­ris maz­ris sof. meR­vre­ki­sis

mcxov­reb­Ta we­ri­li, ro­mel­sac xels awers or­moc da
Cvid­me­ti ka­ci.
we­ril­Si mcxov­reb­ni uCi­vian mRvdel Sa­la­qia ma­la­qia
lo­mi­Zes, ro­me­lic raio­nis ko­mis­ris da mi­li­cio­ne­ris
dax­ma­re­biT dah­re­via so­fels da dra­ma auk­re­fia. dau­tex­
niaT sax­le­bi da bev­ris­Tvis na­yi­di sar­Co waur­Tme­viaT.
sa­Ci­var­Si Ca­moT­vli­lia 6 ise­Ti gle­xi, ro­mel­Tac vai-vag­
la­xiT na­yi­di pu­ri waar­Tves.
we­ril­Si aR­niS­nu­lia ag­red­ve, rom mRvdels da ko­mi­
sars (rom­lis mwer­lad mRvdlis Svi­lia) ku­di-kud­ze aqvT
ga­dab­mu­li da er­Tma­ne­Tis bo­ro­te­bas hfa­ra­ven. TviT
ko­mi­sa­ri xal­xi­sa­gan Ca­mor­Tmeul ia­raRs oseb­ze hyi­
dis Tur­me. mcxov­reb­ni moiT­xo­ven mTav­ro­bam yu­rad­Re­ba
miaq­cios am ga­re­moe­bas da xal­xi daix­snas ga­Tav­xe­de­bul
mRvdlis da raio­nis ko­mis­ris Za­la­do­bis­gan“.

`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #389, 1918

69
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

გორის მუშა
`mo­sam­sa­xu­ree­bi au­ta­nel pi­ro­beb­Si arian. maT ar gaaC­
niaT arc saa­ Ti mu­ Sao­bis da arc dro das­ ve­
ne­
bis. xSi­
raT Sex­vde­biT Ra­me mo­mu­Sa­veebs. zogs ga­Re­bul ka­reb­Si
duq­nis da zog­sac da­ra­be­bi dau­xu­ravs da Sig amu­Sa­vebs
saw­yal pa­ta­ra uw­lo­van bav­Svebs. ro­gorc gad­mog­vce­men,
aqaur mo­sam­sa­xu­reebs qo­ne­biaT pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­Si­
ri, ro­mel­sac xel­mZRva­ne­lob­da g. ma­na­za­ro­vi. mag­ram mas
Sem­deg ara­vi­Ta­ri Sro­ma ar miu­Ria sa­Wi­ro. mi­si mow­yo­ba
au­ci­le­be­lia, rom amiT `xa­zei­ne­bis“ Tav­ga­su­lo­bas bo­lo
moe­Ros da zneob­riv-go­neb­ri­vi amaR­le­ba da gan­vi­Ta­re­ba
mii­Ron mu­Sa-mo­sam­sa­xu­reeb­ma...“
Zve­li mu­Sa
`er­To­ba“, #70, 1919

მუშათა შორის
q. go­ri.
`aq ar­se­bobs spiC­kis (wum­wu­mis) qar­xa­na, sa­dac amu­Sa­
ve­ben mci­re wlo­van bav­Svebs da ara moz­rdi­lebs. Sro­mis
pi­ro­be­bi au­ta­ne­lia. bav­Svebs mTe­li or­ga­niz­mi ewam­le­
baT da ad­re­ve sneul­de­bian. Ti­To wum­wu­mi yu­Tis ga­ke­
Te­ba­Si Re­bu­lo­ben eqvs ka­piks da dRe­Si ki ake­Te­ben eqvs-
Svid cals. aseT sa­Si­nel siZ­vi­ris dros aseT xel­fa­siT,
ro­gor un­da ir­Ci­nos Ta­vi ada­mian­ma am fu­liT? mu­Sao­ba
ux­de­baT bav­Svebs ara nak­leb 12 saa­Ti­sa. qar­xa­na­Si sa­Si­ne­
li su­ni tria­lebs, bav­Sve­bi Ca­mom­xmar-Ca­moy­viT­le­bu­le­bi
arian. iyo Sem­Txve­va ise­Ti, rom bav­Svi sa­mu­Sao­dan mi­dio­

70
 გორის ოლქი

da sax­lSi, da­sus­te­bul­ma bav­Svma ver miaR­wia Si­nam­dis,

ka­reb­Tan waiq­ca da gu­li Seu­Ron­da. ase­Tia ma­Ti mdgo­ma­
reo­ba. qar­xnis pat­ro­ni cdi­lobs, did­xans amu­Sa­vos bav­
Sve­bi, vid­re xel­fa­si mis­ces da mis sa­Sua­le­biT Ta­vi­si
ji­be gais­qe­los. sa­Wi­roa, rac SeiZ­le­ba je­ro­va­ni yu­rad­
Re­ba mieq­ces amas“.
`er­To­ba“, #101, 1919

დამფუძნებელი კრების
დღესასწაული

`mar­tis 12 di­li­dan­ve sus­xia­ni dRe iyo... miu­xe­da­vad

ami­sa, 11 saaT­ze sam­xed­ro mu­si­ka da gvar­die­le­bis raz­
mi ga­vi­da ga­reT ubans da iqi­dan dak­vriT wa­mo­vi­da − gza
da gza pro­ce­sia iz­rde­bo­da da sa­me­fo qu­Ca­ze Ca­mos­vlis
dros ki sru­liad gaiv­so qu­Ca xal­xiT.
pro­ce­sia jer Se­Cer­da yo­fi­li TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­bis Se­
no­bas­Tan. aq S. ja­va­xiS­vil­ma sTqva pir­ve­li sit­yva.
Sem­deg mi­li­ciis da sa­xal­xo gvar­diis Sta­bis win ila­
pa­ra­kes il­fri­Zem, var­doian­cma da mas­wav. mi­gi­neiS­vil­ma.
uka­nas­knel­ma miu­lo­ca xalxs soc. fe­de­ra­lis­tTa sa­xe­
liT da mSve­niv­rad daa­su­ra­Ta msve­lo­ba, Tu ro­gor af­
rTxob­da ke­ren­skis mTav­ro­bas ere­bis TviT ga­mor­kve­va da
dRes ki pa­ta­ra sa­qar­Tve­lo Ta­vi­si da­mou­ki­deb­lo­biT da
dRe­van­de­li dam­fuZ­ne­be­li kre­bis mow­ve­vis si­dia­diT mTe­
li ru­se­Tis ma­ga­li­Ti da Ti­TiT saC­ve­ne­be­li Seiq­na. amas

71
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

Cven un­da umad­lo­deT ai am gvar­dias − xal­xis Svi­lebs da

ma­mac ja­ris­ka­cebs, ro­mel­nic am wuT­Siac sis­xlsa Rvrian
di­de­bu­li mes­xe­Tis da­sa­ca­vad.
Sem­deg ero­bis war­mo­mad­ge­nel­ma axa­la­Zem ila­pa­ra­ka,
qa­la­qis TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­bis sa­xe­liT ko­bi­Zem da sxveb­ma.
Sem­deg pro­ce­sia Se­Cer­da kec­xo­ve­lis da ma­Cab­lis Zeg­
lTan. aq ila­pa­ra­ka ki­de ja­va­xiS­vil­ma da eg­na­taS­vil­ma,
ro­mel­mac miu­Ti­Ta am msxver­pleb­ze da mra­val sxva­ze,
ro­mel­nic bor­Ca­lo na­ta­neb­Si Sei­wir­nen da dRe­sac axal­
ci­xe­Si iwi­re­bian.
yve­la ora­to­ris sit­yvis ga­Ta­ve­bis Sem­deg sam­xed­ro
mu­si­ka qar­Tul himns as­ru­leb­da, ro­mel­sac xal­xi qud
mox­di­li is­men­da“.

`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #487, 1919

ლტოლვილნი
ბაკურიანის რაიონში
(დეპეშით)

`so­mex­Ta erov­nul sab­Wos rwmu­ne­bu­li ter-gre­go­ria­

ni 17 iv­ni­sis de­pe­SiT ba­ku­ria­ni­dan it­yo­bi­ne­ba Sem­degs:
mu­sul­man­Ta brboeb­ma ba­ku­ria­nis uRel­te­xil­zed ltol­
vi­lebs waar­Tves mTe­li qo­ne­ba, sa­qo­ne­li, daec­nen prjis,
xon­das, ala­Tu­xans, gai­re­kes aTa­so­biT sa­qo­ne­li, wai­Res
pu­ri, zar­baz­ne­bis sro­liT daec­nen oris maz­ris sof­

72
 გორის ოლქი

lebs, ki­zil ki­li­sas da ma­lits, mcxov­reb­Ta na­wi­li gaiq­

ca, na­wi­li tyved Cau­var­da mters. way­va­ni­lia ram­de­ni­me
aTa­si su­li sa­qo­ne­li. me vur­Cev­di ltol­vi­lebs, Ta­vianT
ad­gil­zed dar­Ce­ni­liy­vnen, sje­ro­da, maT sje­ro­daT, rom
mTav­ro­ba Seas­ru­leb­da Ta­vis da­pi­re­bas da we­sie­re­bas
aRad­gen­da, mag­ram me ga­mov­di­var pro­vo­ka­to­rad da xal­
xis in­te­re­se­bis mo­Ra­la­teT. Za­lian mci­re Za­le­bi iyo da
aris sa­Wi­ro, rom es brboe­bi gav­fan­toT. brboebs Sve­lian
ag­reT­ve ba­ku­ria­nis raio­nis mcxov­reb­ni, ro­mel­nic ur­me­
biT zi­da­ven ltol­vil­Ta qo­ne­bas, mu­dam dRe ma­ta­reb­le­
biT Ca­mo­dian ba­ku­rian­Si aso­biT sxva da sxva spe­ku­lian­
te­bi, ro­mel­nic yi­du­lo­ben ltol­vil­Ta­gan da­ta­ce­bul
qo­ne­bas da va­go­ne­biT miaqT bor­jo­mis­ken…“

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #118, 1918

სომხების დეპეშა
ბორჯომიდან

`sain­te­re­soa bor­jo­me­li som­xe­bis we­ri­li sa­qar­Tve­

los mTav­ro­bi­sad­mi, sa­dac isi­ni we­ren, rom So­vi­nis­tu­ri
po­li­ti­kis ga­mo, iZa­be­ba si­tua­cia qar­Tve­leb­sa da som­
xebs So­ris, rac cu­dia, ro­gorc qar­Tu­li, ase­ve som­xu­ri
de­mok­ra­tiis­Tvis.
`So­vi­nis­tur mi­mar­Tu­le­bam Seh­qmna so­mex-qar­Tvel­Ta
ur­Tier­To­ba­Si mtru­li gan­wyo­bi­le­ba, ro­me­lic dRi­Ti
dRe vi­ Tar­ de­ba da gvi­qa­dis sis­xlis Rvras. Tu es an­ ta­

73
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

go­niz­mi gan­vi­Tar­da da rea­lu­ri Se­de­ge­bi moh­yva, es da­

Rup­vis­ken waiy­vans ro­gorc qar­Tvel, ise som­xis de­mok­
ra­tias. Cven bor­jom­Si mcxov­re­bi so­mex­Ta sa­zo­ga­doe­ba,
ro­gorc Ta­vi­su­fal sa­qar­Tve­los qve­Sev­rdo­mebs, me­tad
gva­Rel­vebs aR­niS­nu­li mdgo­ma­reo­ba, rad­ga­nac is mov­le­
na, ro­me­lic mav­ne­be­lia sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­kis­Tvis,
mav­ne­le­be­lia da Se­maZ­rwu­ne­be­li ag­reT­ve so­mex­TaT­vis…
mii­ReT yo­ve­li­ve zo­me­bi sis­xlis Rvris Ta­vi­dan asa­
ci­leb­lad, da so­mex-qar­Tvel­Ta So­ris sa­da­vo sa­kiT­xe­bis
ga­da­saW­re­laT kon­fe­ren­ciis da ar­bit­ra­Jis sa­Sua­le­biT“.

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #244, 1918

* * *

`kas­pi­dan par­la­men­tis war­mo­mad­gen­leb­ma mii­Res Sem­

de­gi te­leg­ra­ma: Cven, kas­pis mcxov­reb­le­bi, 260 som­xe­Tis
mo­qa­la­qe, gic­xa­debT Tqven, sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­kis
gle­xe­bis sab­Wos war­mo­mad­ge­nelT, gul­wrfel Ta­nag­rZno­
bas, som­xe­Tis sa­xel­mwi­fos mi­marT ga­moT­qmu­li si­Zul­
vi­lis ga­mo, ma­Ti uad­gi­lo da ara­me­gob­ru­li po­li­ti­kis
ga­mo, ro­mel­sac is axor­cie­lebs axal­gaz­rda sa­qar­Tve­
los res­pub­li­kis mi­marT. Cven, sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­
kis­Tvis, 260 ada­mians ga­mov­yofT da gav­wi­ravT“.

«Тифлисъ», #93, 1918

74
 გორის ოლქი

პროვინცია
bor­jo­mi.
`sta­tis­ti­ku­ri cno­be­biT Cven vi­ciT, rom 1896-1901
wleb­Si zaf­xu­lo­biT bor­jom­Si sa­Sua­lo ric­xviT 4 aTa­
sam­de moa­ga­ra­ke­ni Ca­mo­diod­nen. gar­da Cve­ni sam­Sob­los
TiT­qmis yo­vel kuT­xee­bi­sa, bor­joms es­tum­re­bod­nen pe­
ter­bur­gi­dan, kie­vi­dan, ros­to­vi­dan, qav­qa­vi­dan, kav­ka­vi­
dan, yar­si­dan, ba­qo­dan, da ev­ro­po­da­nac ki. dRe­van­del
arev-da­re­vis dros, ro­de­sac sxva qvey­ne­bis gze­bi da­ke­
ti­lia da Crdi­lo-kav­ka­siis ku­ror­te­bi sa­mo­qa­la­qo omis
ga­mo gaox­re­bu­lia, sa­qar­Tve­lo myud­roe­bis da Se­da­re­biT
cxov­re­bis nor­ma­lu­ri pi­ro­be­bis mxriv bed­nier ga­mo­nak­
liss war­moad­gens. ami­tom, ro­gorc uk­ve sCans, wels bor­
joms did­Za­li moa­ga­ra­ke­ni es­tum­re­bian“.

`er­To­ba“, #134, 1919

75
 ზესტაფონის ოლქი

სახალხო უნივერსიტეტი
სოფლად

`saer­Tod bevrs la­pa­ra­ko­ben mda­bio xal­xis ga­mof­xiz­

le­ba­ze, mis zneob­ri­vad da go­neb­ri­vad gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­ze,
mag­ram am mxriT jer-je­ro­biT bev­ri ara­fe­ri ga­ke­Te­bu­la
qa­la­qeb­Sic ki, xo­lo rac See­xe­ba so­fels, iq xom am Sem­
Txve­va­Si war­moud­ge­ne­li Ca­mor­Ce­ni­lo­baa. xal­xis ga­san­
vi­Ta­reb­laT erT sau­ke­Te­so saS­va­le­bad un­da CaiT­va­los
sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­ti. qa­la­qeb­Si kar­gaT aris igi da­ye­
ne­bu­li. sof­laT ki am mxriT jer ara­fe­li ga­ke­Te­bu­la.
ma­ga­li­Ti am mxriT (Ra­ni­ri sam­tre­dia­Sia) Ra­nir-Wag­nis
Tem­ma mis­ca sxvas.
am Tem­Si Ra­ni­ris umaR­le­si da pir­vel-daw­ye­bi­Ti sas­
wav­leb­le­bis mas­wav­le­bel­Ta ini­cia­to­ro­biT gaix­sna sa­
xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­ti. Sed­ge­ni­lia sak­maod far­Te prog­
ra­ma, rac xal­xis kul­tu­ru­lad gan­vi­Ta­re­bas di­dad win
was­wevs. gan­zra­xu­lia leq­cie­bis kiT­xva mec­nie­re­bis yve­la
dar­gi­dan (is­to­rii­dan, geog­ra­fii­dan, fi­zi­ki­dan, bu­ne­bis
met­yve­le­bi­dan, li­te­ra­tu­ri­dan da ag­ro­no­mii­dan).

76
 ზესტაფონის ოლქი

pir­ve­li leq­cia Ses­dga war­su­li wlis 21 de­kem­bers. mas

Zlier bev­ri msme­ne­li daes­wro. Ra­ni­ris umaR­les daw­ye­
bi­Ti sas­wav­leb­lis gam­gem do­men­ti Cxai­Zem wai­kiT­xa leq­
cia sa­qar­Tve­los uZ­ve­les is­to­riid­gan, qris­tia­no­bam­de.
leq­cia me­tad Si­naar­sia­ni ga­mod­ga, ris ga­mo xal­xi Zlier
kma­yo­fi­li dar­Ca. leq­ciis Sem­deg ima­ve umaR­les daw­ye­biT
sas­wav­leb­lis gam­gem irak­li ni­ni­kaS­vil­ma gaa­ke­Ta vrce­li
mox­se­ne­ba mo­men­tze. Sem­deg wa­kiT­xul iq­na sa­xu­ma­ro sce­
ne­bi. leq­ciis win mas­wav­le­bel­Ta gun­dma, gior­gi wiw­vi­Zis
lot­ba­ro­biT mox­Te­ni­lad Seas­ru­la erov­nu­li him­ni da
ag­reT­ve ra­mo­de­ni­me erov­nu­li sim­Re­ra, ra­sac dam­swre sa­
zo­ga­doe­ba ta­Sis ce­miT da va­Sas Za­xi­liT Sex­vda.
ase­Ti Si­naar­siT iq­ne­ba mow­yo­bi­li leq­cie­bis kiT­xva
Tve­Si or­jel. ime­dia sxva Te­meb­Si msa­xu­ri mo­wi­na­ve ele­
men­te­bic wa­ba­Za­ven Ra­ni­ris in­te­li­gen­ciis ma­ga­liTs“.

masw. ir. ni­ni­kaS­vi­li.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #2, 1920

მუშათა შორის

`tyi­bu­lis ma­Ra­roe­bi. ver vit­yviT, rom dRe­van­del pi­

ro­beb­Si sa­zo­ga­doT mu­Se­bi uz­run­vel­yo­fi­li iy­vnen yo­ve­
li mxriT, mag­ram amas ki vit­yviT, rom ase unu­ge­So mdgo­
ma­reo­ba­Si, ro­gor­Siac arian ma­Ra­ros mu­Se­bi, ara mgo­nia
ro­me­li­me dar­gis mu­Se­bi iy­vnen. vis ar ax­sovs tyi­bu­lis
mu­Se­bis cxov­re­ba­Si 1918 we­li? jer ki­dev bevrs ex­so­me­

77
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ba is arev-da­re­va, is uTav­bo­lo ga­fic­ve­bi da sxva. mag­

ram gan­vlo drom. mu­Sao­ba ga­nax­lda, mu­Seb­mac is­wav­les
fron­ti. Tu wi­naT mo­wi­na­ve Zvel mu­Sa­kebs un­dob­lad uyu­
reb­dnen, dRes maT di­dis ndo­biT Ses­cqe­rian, maT dau­kiT­
xa­vad ara­vi­Tar na­bijs ar dga­men. da aseT dros vxe­davT,
rom mu­Se­bis in­te­re­se­bi ver aris da­cu­li. ga­mo­sa­va­li gza
ver gvi­pov­nia. Zvel gzas Tu daa­de­qi, es isev Zvel pi­ro­
beb­Si Cag­va­ye­nebs. ise ki ara­fe­ri ar ga­mo­dis.
ma­Ra­ros ad­mi­nis­tra­cias un­da mie­wo­de­bia mu­Se­bis­Tvis
dRe­Si 3 gr. mWa­di. ja­ma­gi­re­bi un­da da­ri­ge­bu­li­yo yo­vel
meo­re Tvis TxuT­met­ze. uki­du­res Sem­Txve­va­Si ki Tve da
oc­da xuT dRe­Si, dRes ki ase xde­ba: me­sa­me Tve ga­dis da
ja­ma­gi­ri ara sCans. amas ki­dev moiT­men­da ka­ci, rom mWa­di
mie­caT mu­Se­bis­Tvis. Ta­vi­dan­ve et­yo­bo­da am mxriv si­sus­
te Cvens ad­mi­nis­tra­cias: mWa­di rom ga­Tav­de­bo­da, me­re
dauw­yeb­dnen tom­rebs fer­Txvas. am bo­lo dros ki mTlad
ai­ria sur­sa­Tis saq­me. xuT da aT fu­To­biT ezi­de­bian si­
minds da fuT­ Si ix­
dian 130 m. da ima­ sac ver Sou­ lo­ ben.
se­nak­Si sa­gan­ge­boT gag­zav­nil­ma kac­ma or kvi­ra­Si moi­ta­na
mxo­lod ora­si fu­Ti si­min­di, Sem­deg ki isev gab­run­da da
ro­gorc mi­si naT­qva­mi­dan ir­kve­va, 200 fu­Ti ki­dev Sei­Zi­na
da mis­ca se­na­kis sad­gur­ze, mag­ram ga­dis ager 15 dRe da
si­min­di ara sCans. mu­Se­bis me­ti na­wi­li ok­ri­bis mcxov­reb­
le­bia, rom­leb­sac sax­lSi si­min­di iS­via­Tad moe­po­ve­baT.
col­Svi­lis ga­mo­sak­ve­baT TviT yi­du­lo­ben da ma­Ra­ro­Si
aba ra un­da moi­ta­non. sa­Wi­roa amas yu­rad­Re­bas miaq­cev­
des inJ. ci­ciS­vi­li da sur­sa­Tis saq­mes moag­va­reb­des“.

mar­Ta­li.
`er­To­ba“, #146, 1919

78
 ზესტაფონის ოლქი

ტყიბულის მაღაროებში

`tyi­bu­lis ma­Ra­roeb­Si mu­Se­bis ga­fic­va eko­no­miur nia­

dag­ze ag­vis­tos 20-s daiw­yo. mu­Se­bi moiT­xov­dnen Sro­mis
fa­sis 100% mo­ma­te­bas: ma­Ra­roeb­Si mo­mu­Sa­veebs un­da mis­
ce­mo­da 8 saa­Tis sa­mu­Sao dRe­Si di­debs 24 man., bav­Svebs
18 man., dam­We­da­vebs 30 man., ma­Ra­roe­bis ze­viT mo­mu­Sa­veebs
di­debs 30 man., bav­Svebs 16 man. da dam­We­da­vebs 24 man. amas
gar­da mu­Se­bi moiT­xov­dnen, rom mTav­ro­bas mie­wo­de­bi­na
pu­ri 2 aba­zad gir­van­qa, sa­po­ni 17 Sau­rad da sa­mu­Sao ma­
sa­lac uk­leb­liv mie­wo­de­bi­na dro­ze. tyi­bul­Si ro­gorc
vi­ciT gaem­gzav­ra Sro­mis mi­nis­tris Ta­na­Sem­we esa­Ze. mu­
Seb­ma mxo­lod er­Ti mux­li dauT­mes: mo­ma­te­bu­li fa­si mie­
ces maT ag­vis­tos pir­ve­li­dan da ara iv­li­sis pir­ve­li­dan
(ro­gorc wi­nad moiT­xov­den)“.

`Cve­ni qve­ya­na“, #160, 1918

ჭიათურა
(შრომის სამინისტროს საყურადღებოთ)

`Wia­Tu­ris mrew­ve­le­bi ara­so­des ar aq­ce­ven did yu­

rad­Re­bas Ta­vianT mu­Sebs, maT war­mo­mad­gen­lebs da saer­
Tod mu­Sa­Ta ka­non­mdeb­lo­bis cxov­re­ba­Si sis­wo­riT ga­ta­
re­bas, mag­ram is ga­re­moe­ba, rom es xde­bo­da Zve­li re­Ji­mis
dros − TiT­qos abu­qeb­da ma­Sin mu­Se­bis am mwa­re xvedrs

79
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

da ma­Ti uf­le­be­bis mud­miv fex­qveS ga­Tel­vas ase Tu ise

urig­de­bod­nen. mag­ram re­vo­lu­ciis Sem­deg, ro­de­sac Zve­
li, `ne­tar­xse­ne­bu­li“ dro is­to­rias Ca­bar­da da mis ad­
gi­las dam­yar­da uaR­re­sad de­mok­ra­tiu­li res­pub­li­ka,
− aseT dros me­taT au­ta­ne­li xde­ba Cven­Tvis Wia­Tu­ris
zo­gier­Ti mrew­ve­le­bis­gan mu­Sa­Ta uf­le­bi­sa da ma­Ti war­
mo­mad­gen­lis ase abu­CaT ag­de­ba. ase­Ti Ta­vaS­ve­bu­lo­ba maT
uk­ve Cveu­le­baT ga­daeq­caT. is ga­re­moe­ba, rom Wia­Tu­ra­Si
gvyavs Sro­mis sa­mi­nis­tros rwmu­ne­bu­li, ro­me­lic ima­ve
dros mu­Se­bis war­mo­mad­ge­ne­lic aris, − saq­ mes ver Sve­
lis da yo­ve­li um­niS­vne­lo kiT­xvis ase Tu ise ga­daw­yve­ta
did dros Txou­ lobs da es imi­ tom, rom bb. mrew­ ve­
le­ bi
aseT rwmu­ne­bu­laT ar scno­ben Sro­mis sa­mi­nis­tro­sa da
res­pub­li­kis ka­no­nebs. sa­Wi­roa am ga­re­moe­bas sa­Ta­na­do
yu­rad­Re­ba miaq­cios Sro­mis sa­mi­nis­trom“.

`er­To­ba“, #233, 1920

80
 ზუგდიდის ოლქი

სახალხო მასწავლებლების
გაფიცვა

`ro­gorc it­yo­bi­ne­bian, ga­fi­cu­li arian aba­Sis, se­na­

kis, fo­Tis, bin­Zis da Zve­li-se­na­kis raio­ne­bis sa­xal­xo
mas­wav­leb­le­bi.
ro­gorc de­pe­Si­dan sCans Sim­Si­liT da­tan­jul sa­xal­xo
mas­wav­leb­lebs uki­du­re­si zo­mis­Tvis miu­mar­TavT.
sa­xal­xo mas­wav­le­bel­Ta um­weo mdgo­ma­reo­bis Se­sa­xeb
ara er­Txel da­we­ri­la.
sam­wu­xa­roT verc re­vo­lu­cio­nur­ma mTav­ro­bam Seam­su­
bu­qa mas­wav­le­bel­Ta au­ta­ne­li mdgo­ma­reo­ba.
sa­xal­xo mas­wav­leb­le­bi, rom­le­bic swo­red did sam­sa­
xurs uwe­ven re­vo­lu­ciis gan­mtki­ce­bas, xal­xSi Seg­ne­bis
Se­ta­niT, bu­neb­ri­vad swo­red re­vo­lu­cii­dan moe­lo­den
Ta­vis mdgo­ma­reo­bis gaum­jo­be­se­bas.
qa­Ral­dze maT TiT­qos mou­ma­tes ja­ma­gi­re­bi, mag­ram
faq­tiu­raT isi­ni isev im mdgo­ma­reo­ba­Si arian, ro­gorc
iy­vnen wi­naT.

81
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ga­na war­mo­sad­ge­nia ada­mian­ma ase­Ti zRap­ru­li siZ­vi­ris

dros 38 ma­na­TiT ic­xov­ros?
war­moud­ge­ne­lia, mag­ram mas­wav­leb­leb­ma esec ai­ta­nes.
sa­nam amis fi­zi­ku­ri Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba iyo. maT al­baT kar­gad
es­mo­daT, Tu ras niS­nav­da ga­fic­vis ga­moc­xa­de­ba ex­lan­
del pi­ro­beb­Si, mag­ram, ro­gorc et­yo­ba, Sim­Sils Ta­vi­si
uq­nia. maT ga­fic­va ga­mouc­xa­de­biaT. sa­Wi­roa dau­yov­neb­
liv dak­ma­yo­fi­le­bul iq­nas sa­xal­xo mas­wav­le­bel­Ta sa­
mar­Tlia­ni moT­xov­ni­le­ba­ni“.
naR­mi.
`so­cia­list-re­vo­lu­cio­ne­ri“, #64, 1918

გერმანელები ფოთში
`qa­laq fo­Tis mTa­va­ri kor­Zaia eub­ne­ba xe­li­suf­le­bas,
rom 1 iv­niss foT­Si gav­liT iy­vnen ger­ma­nu­li de­le­ga­cia
fon-lo­so­vi­mis me­Tau­ro­biT, 5 ka­cia­ni de­le­ga­cia. sa­Ra­
mos moi­na­xu­la qa­la­qis sam­mar­Tve­lo, sa­dac kar­to­ziam
umas­pin­Zla stum­rebs. qa­la­qis sam­mar­Tve­lo­dan de­le­ga­
cia wa­vi­da qa­la­qis da­saT­va­lie­reb­lad 7 saa­Tam­de. gu­Sin,
ro­ca Sed­ga saaR­lu­mo vax­Sa­mi, vax­Sam­ze, de­le­ga­ciis uf­
ros­ma fon-lo­sov­ma war­moT­qva sa­qar­Tve­los mTav­ro­bis
sad­Reg­rZe­lo da axal­gaz­rda qar­Tul res­pub­li­kas ga­
fur­Cqvna usur­va“.
«Кавказское слово», #115, 1918

82
 ზუგდიდის ოლქი

ფოთის მუშათა სახლი

`aR­mas­ru­le­bel ko­mi­tet­ma mois­mi­na ra foT­Si ga­dam­

zi­dav mu­Se­bis mier mu­Sa­Ta sax­lis aSe­ne­bis cno­ba, daad­
gi­na: mi­mar­Tos mu­Sa­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciebs, ra­Ta maT xse­ne­bul
mu­Sebs niv­Tier dax­ma­re­ba aR­mou­Ci­non daw­ye­bul saq­mis
da­sam­Tav­reb­lad. Tu sxva dar­gis mo­sam­sa­xu­ree­bis­Tvis
sa­xel­mwi­fos­gan dax­ma­re­ba Se­saZ­le­be­lia, sa­xal­xo mas­wav­
leb­li­saT­vi­sac ase un­da iyos.
umaR­les daw­ye­biT da sa­Sua­lo sas­wav­leb­leb­ma wa­rad­
gi­nes moT­xov­ni­le­be­bi da am mas­wav­leb­lebs, ro­gorc sxva
dar­gis mo­sam­sa­xu­reebs, da­ra­je­bis ga­mou­to­veb­laT, 300
ma­ne­Ti `vaz­na graJ­de­nie“ eZ­le­vaT yo­vel Tviu­raT, sa­nam
ja­ma­gi­re­bi gau­did­de­bo­deT. sa­xal­xo mas­wav­le­be­li rom
See­kiT­xa sa­Ta­na­do da­we­se­bu­le­bas, Cve­ni ja­ma­gi­ri aris Tu
ara, upa­ su­xes: jer ar aris da ro­ ca iq­ne­ba Cven ga­ zeT­
Si ga­mo­vac­xa­debT, jer wya­ros ve­ZebT, sai­dan vi­So­vo­To.
meo­re da­we­se­bu­le­bas See­kiT­xen mas­wav­leb­le­bi: 300 ma­neTs
iZ­le­va mTav­ro­ba Tviu­rad `voz­nag­raJ­de­nies“ da is mainc
mog­vaS­ve­leT, To­rem la­mis aris Sim­Sil­ma col­Svi­lia­nad
gag­vwyvi­to­so. maT upa­su­xes: es Tqven­ze ar vrcel­de­ba,
rad­gan uwin­de­li 400 ma­ne­Ti ar mi­gi­RiaT erT drou­li
dax­ma­re­ba; mTav­ro­bis gan­kar­gu­le­biT eZ­le­vaT 300 ma­ne­Ti
imaT, vinc iT­vle­ba sa­xel­mwi­fo sam­sa­xur­Sio.
Cven gvgo­nia sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka­Si vmsa­xu­robT
da Tu ase ar aris, gvib­rZa­neT, vin aris Cve­ni pat­ro­ni da
vis vem­sa­xu­re­biT? sa­xel­mwi­fos ver ga­ve­fi­ce­biT, mTav­
ro­ba Ra­ri­bia; es Ra­la­tia. xalxs rom ga­ve­fi­coT, kal­Tas
ara­vin dag­vag­lejs, ara­vin gvet­yvis, mob­rZan­diT Tqve­ni
Wi­ri­me, nu dag­vRu­pavT, us­wav­le­lad Svi­lebs nu dag­viy­ri­

83
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

To da rac gne­bavT mo­gar­Tmev­To. mTav­ro­bas Cve­ni Wkuis

swav­le­ba ar un­da, is kar­gaT un­da ic­nob­des gle­xo­bas.
mas­wav­leb­lis Rir­se­bis da­ce­ma xal­xis Tval­Si Zlier mav­
ne­be­lia, yve­lam icis is mu­Saobs, saq­mes ake­Tebs, is mSier-
SiS­ve­lia, dax­ma­re­bas Txou­lobs da mieS­ve­leT“.

`sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka:
mTav­ro­bis moam­be“, #181, 1920

მუშათა შორის
`fo­Ti. 9 iv­niss aqau­ri xe-tyis mu­Seb­ma wa­rud­gi­nes
mwar­moeb­lebs cen­tra­lu­ri sab­Wos mier dam­tki­ce­bu­
li eko­no­mi­ku­ri moT­xov­ni­le­ba­ni: mu­Se­bi Txou­lob­dnen
dRiu­ri xel­fa­sis mo­ma­te­bas, aba­nos da ga­da­du­Re­bul
wyals. mwar­moeb­lebs eZ­leo­daT pa­su­xis­Tvis sa­mi dRe
va­daT. am va­da­Si mwar­moeb­leb­ma nac­vlaT mu­Se­bis da­sak­
ma­yo­fi­le­bel pa­su­xi­sa SeT­xzes Sro­mis sa­mi­nis­tro­Si ga­
sag­zav­ni gan­cxa­de­ba da mi­mar­Tes ad­gi­lob­riv mi­nis­tris
rwmu­ne­buls, rom­lis sa­Sua­le­bi­Tac iq­na gag­zav­ni­li es
gan­cxa­de­ba Sro­mis mi­nis­trTan da as­li am gan­cxa­de­bi­sa ki
kav­Si­ris gam­geo­ba­Si, rom­lis Si­naar­si mog­vyavs aw Se­mok­
le­biT. gan­cxa­de­ba­Si mwar­moeb­le­bi am­bo­ben, Cven mi­vi­ReT
mu­Se­bis mier moT­xov­ni­le­ba. isi­ni Txou­lo­ben dRiu­raT
aT ma­ ne­
Tis mo­ ma­te­bas da sxva. Cven aramc Tu Seg­ viZ­
lia
ar­se­bul xel­fas­ze mo­ma­te­ba, pi­ri­qiT, Seq­mni­li pi­ro­be­bis
ga­mo iZu­le­bu­li varT Zvel pi­ro­beb­Siac ki mu­Sao­ba Se­va­
Ce­roT da ai ra­tom: omis daw­ye­bi­sas xe-tyis ma­sa­la daub­

84
 ზუგდიდის ოლქი

rko­leb­li­vaT saR­de­bo­da Sig­niT da ga­reT kav­ka­sia­sa da

ru­seT­Si. dRes ki iS­via­Tad saR­de­ba ne­bar­TviT saz­Rvar-
ga­re­To. ad­gi­lob­ri­vaT ki saer­To kri­zi­sis ga­mo nak­le­
bi moT­xov­ni­le­ba aqvs. 1914 w. mu­Sebs aTi saa­Tis sa­mu­Sao
eZ­leo­da 1 m. 60 k. mxo­lod er­Ti mxer­xa­vi os­ta­ti iReb­da
dRe­Si 2 m. 60 k. dRes ki 8 saa­Tis mu­Sao­ba­Si eZ­le­va ima­ve
mu­Sebs 45-50 man., da ase­ve eZ­le­vaT avaT­myo­fo­bis dro­
sa­co. ai aq daiw­yo gan­cxa­de­ba­Si sic­rue. isi­ni am­bo­ben,
avaT­myo­fo­bis dro­sac eZ­le­va­To. ag­re ar aris. avaT­myof
mu­Sas eZ­le­va mxo­lod oci dRis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si na­xe­va­ri
ja­ma­gi­ri­sa da ara sru­liad.
mwar­moeb­le­bi am­bo­ben, mu­Sebs eZ­le­vaT aba­no­sa da ga­
ze­Tis fu­ lio. ai aq ar Se­ miZ­lia ar Sev­ niS­no: Tu eZ­ le­
vaT aba­nos fu­li, ra­tom moiT­xo­ven axal moT­xov­ni­le­ba­Si.
nam­dvi­laT ki saq­me Sem­deg­Si aris: eZ­le­vaT mu­Sebs ric­
xviT aT kacs Tve­Si xu­Ti ma­ne­Ti, rac dRe­van­dels dro­Si
er­Tsac ar yof­nis da amis xse­ne­ba maT­Tvis sir­cxvi­lic
ki aris. es iyo mo­ge­bu­li mu­Se­bis mier 1908 w. da mas Sem­
deg aris ag­re, mag­ram dReis­Tvis aba ra­Ra mo­sax­se­ne­be­lia.
rac See­xe­ba ga­zeTs, es ki aris − Ti­To eg­zem­plia­ri, yve­
la qar­xa­na­Si. amis Sem­deg isi­ni am­bo­ben, Cvens um­Tav­res
war­moe­bas Sead­gen­da kliop­ka, ro­me­lic ga­dio­da ru­seT­
Si, rom­lis da­sam­za­de­bels xes vyi­du­lob­diT 2-3 ma­ne­TaT,
ro­mel­Sic ga­mo­vi­do­da oT­xi kliop­kao. ex­la ki ase­Ti­ve
xe­Si vaZ­levT daax­lo­ve­biT 35-45 man. da sxv. da­xe­va Ti­To
kliop­ki­sa jde­bo­da uwin 12-15 k. ex­la ki jde­ba 7-8 man.
ase­Ti­ve Se­da­re­ba mo­yavT sxva sa­Wi­ro sag­neb­ze­dac, ag­reT­
ve swe­ren gan­xa­de­ba­Si, Sar­San uf­ro Zvi­ri iyo yo­ve­li­ve sa­
no­va­ge, vin­mem wel­so, ai esec mtkna­ri sic­rue aris. Tur­me
kacs Tu das­Wir­da, mo­wi­naaR­mde­gi­saT­vis yve­la­fers ikad­
rebs. Sar­San iva­no­bis Tve­Si fu­Ti Wa­dis fqvi­li Rir­da 50
man., wels ki 100-120 man. fa­sobs. ex­la da mo­ma­val­Si vin

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icis Tu ro­go­ri iq­ne­ba. Sar­San gir­van­qa ga­mom­cxva­ri pu­ri

Rir­da 3 man., wels 7-8 man. ase­Ti­ve mo­ma­te­bu­lia yo­ve­li­ve
sa­no­va­ge xor­ci, Tev­zi, yve­li da lo­bio.
mois­mi­nes ra ze­moT Ca­moT­vli­li gan­cxa­de­bis mux­le­bi,
mu­Seb­ma daad­gi­nes: vi­nai­dan Cven wa­va­ye­neT moT­xov­ni­le­
ba Se­sa­fe­ri­si da kri­ti­kis qar­cec­xlSi ga­ta­re­bu­li, amis­
Tvis uka­nas­kne­laT ec­no­bos Sro­mis sa­mi­nis­tros rwmu­ne­
buls da cen­tra­lur sab­Wos Se­sa­fe­ri zo­me­bis mi­sa­Re­baT,
va­daT ki mie­caT mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis­Tvis er­Ti dRe, Tu es sa­
Sua­le­ba ve­ras gaaw­yob­da, iq­ne­bo­da ga­dad­gmu­li na­bi­ji.
es dad­ge­ni­le­ba iq­na ma­Sin­ve sis­ru­le­Si moy­va­ni­li, iqo­nia
mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba ra mwar­moeb­leb­Tan Sro­mis rwmu­ne­bul­ma,
mag­ram mtki­ce ua­riT upa­su­xes, Sem­deg rwmu­ne­bul­ma mis­ca
wi­na­da­de­ba, rom ga­yo­lo­daT mu­Sebs mom­ri­ge­bels ka­me­ra­
Si, ama­ze­dac ua­ri mii­Ro. Cven ra gvaqvs mu­Seb­Tan sa­ka­me­
ro, Cven gvaqvs gan­cxa­de­ba Sro­mis sa­mi­nis­tro­Si da ra­sac
daad­gens sa­mi­nis­tro, ise mo­viq­ce­vi­To. ro­ca ara­vi­Tar­ma
mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bam ar gas­Wra maT­Tan, mu­Sebs sxva gza ra­Ra
dar­Ce­no­daT da ga­moac­xa­des saer­To ga­fic­va. es ac­no­bes
Sro­mis rwmu­ne­buls. Tu odes­me mwar­moeb­lebs das­Wir­de­
baT es mu­Se­bi da ga­nag­rZo­ben kvlav mu­Sao­bas, im Sem­Txve­
va­Si Cven mo­viT­xovT ka­no­niers nac­Tur­so“.

sio xaf­Ta­si.
`er­To­ba“, #144, 1919

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 ზუგდიდის ოლქი

სამეგრელოს
ავტონომისტები?!

`sain­te­re­so xa­na­Si vcxov­robT. bev­ri ise­Ti mov­le­na,

ro­me­lic uwin gak­vir­ve­bas da gan­cvif­re­bas iw­vev­da Cven­
Si, dRes ara­vis gak­vir­ve­bas ar iw­vevs. qar­Tul cxov­re­ba­
Si Se­moiW­ra ise­Ti mov­le­na, rom­lic, miu­xe­da­vaT Cve­ni yo­
vel­gvar mov­le­ni­sad­mi TiT­qos SeC­ve­vi­sa, mainc gan­cvif­
re­bas iw­vevs.
ram­de­ni­me Tvea, rac sa­meg­re­lo­Si daar­sda er­Ti mci­re
jgu­fi, na­cio­nal-de­mok­ra­te­bis me­Tau­ro­biT, ro­mel­mac
dRes uk­ve daiar­sa Ta­vi­si sa­ku­Ta­ri par­tia `ma­fa­liu“.
pir­vel xa­neb­Si, sa­nam am jgufs hqon­da mi­Re­bu­li dRe­
van­de­li sa­xe − `po­li­ti­ku­ri“ − am stri­qo­ne­bis dam­we­ric,
ro­gorc yve­la qar­Tve­li, Ta­naug­rZnob­da mas. da arc
SeiZ­le­bo­da Ta­nag­rZno­biT ar Sev­xved­ro­di mis sim­pa­tiur
miz­nebs, raic Sem­deg­Si ga­moi­xa­te­bo­da: sa­meg­re­los yo­
fa-cxov­re­bis, enis, ze­pir-gad­mo­ce­ma­Ta da mi­si mdi­da­ri
is­to­riu­li war­su­lis Ses­wav­la − ro­gorc xe­davT, wmin­da
kul­tu­ru­li miz­ne­bi. mag­ram, Tan­da­Ta­no­biT, ro­ca axal­
gaz­rdo­bis er­Ti na­wi­li dain­te­res­da am miz­ne­biT da mu­
Sao­bac daiw­yo da jgu­fic sak­maod gai­zar­da, mis­ma me­
Tau­reb­ma, ste­fa­ne ga­guas xel­mZRva­ne­lo­biT, frTxi­lad
da os­ta­tu­rad mis­ces am mim­di­na­reo­bas `po­li­ti­ku­ri“ xa­
sia­Ti. Ta­vis, dRem­de fa­rul zrax­veb­Si Cai­yo­lies bev­ri
axal­gaz­rdo­ba, miu­xe­da­vaT mi­si par­tiu­li Se­mad­gen­lo­bis
sxva­das­xvao­bi­sa, `ma­fa­lus“ er­Ti na­wi­li dRes moiT­xovs
kul­tu­rul-`erov­nul“ av­to­no­mia­sa da sko­leb­Si meg­ru­
li enis swav­lis (!) Se­mo­Re­bas, meo­re na­wi­li ki, ar kma­yo­
fil­de­bian amiT da moiT­xovs te­ri­to­ria­lur-po­li­ti­kur

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

av­to­no­mias! `ma­fa­lus“ wev­reb­ma uk­ve daiw­yes sia­ru­li

xal­xSi da wmin­da pro­vo­ka­ciu­li mu­Sao­ba − qar­Tvel moZ­
meT So­ris SuR­li­sa da mtro­bis Tes­va. sa­meg­re­los xal­xi
Sors aris yo­vel­gvar `kuT­xur na­cio­na­liz­mis­gan“, mag­ram
mis gar­Se­mo xe­lov­nu­raT aba­men obo­bas qsels“.

S. Co­Cia
`er­To­ba“, #141, 1919

ქ. ზუგდიდი და მენშევიკები

`or­ni arian, tol­ni arian, er­Tad mi­dian, miim­Re­rian....

di­di xa­ni ar aris mas Sem­deg, rac Cve­ne­bu­ri e.w men­Se­
vi­ke­bi ga­moR­ma gve­da­ve­bod­nen, so­cia­lis­to­bas Tvis spe­
ci­fiur Tvi­se­bad xdid­nen da er­Tad erT mu­Sur par­tiis
iar­li­yiT gvev­li­ne­bod­nen. di­di xa­ni ar aris mas Sem­deg,
rac ma­ Ti, am er­ Tad erT so­ cia­
lis­tur par­ tiis `agen­
te­ bi“ sof­ lad da qu­ Ca-qu­
Ca daZ­ rwod­ nen da xalxs, vi­
Tom­da kla­sob­ri­vad raz­mav­dnen mter­Ta wi­naaR­mdeg, da
yve­la­fers hpir­de­bod­nen. isi­ni tan­jul­Ta, dev­nil­Ta,
da­Cag­rul­Ta iers ik­rav­dnen da mSro­melT eub­ne­bod­nen.
− xe­davT Tqven­Tan erT ta­fa­Si viw­vi­To − ase­Ti sa­Sua­le­
be­biT xal­xis gu­li moi­ges, de­mok­ra­tia ga­dai­bi­res, ken­Wi
ga­mos­tyues.
ax­la ki gvev­li­ne­bian `ba­to­ne­bad“ `pri­ka­ze­biT“, ro­
mel­Ta max­sov­ro­bi­dan uk­ve amoS­li­la mu­Sa xal­xis xse­ne­
bac ki! es ga­ba­to­ne­bu­li par­tia ar ma­lavs Ta­vis aqam­dis

88
 ზუგდიდის ოლქი

fa­rul zrax­vebs da nel-ne­la amag­rebs bur­Jua­ziis ba­naks.

mag­ram Tu es saq­me­ni sag­mi­ro­ni sxva­gan xde­ba sif­rTxi­
liT, q. zug­di­dis men­Se­vi­ke­bi ise ga­Ta­ma­me­bu­lan, rom Tu
gu­Sin qa­la­qis de­mok­ra­tias mi­si in­te­re­se­bis dac­vas hpir­
de­bod­nen qa­la­qis ga­nax­le­bul TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­ba­Si, dRes
ama­ve TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­ba­Si sa­sa­xe­lo blo­ki Sek­res am de­
mok­ra­tii­sa­ve mo­wi­naaR­mde­ge klas­Tan, da qa­la­qis mes­veu­
rad isev `Zve­le­bi“ wa­moas­ku­pes.
is xal­xi, ro­me­lic mu­dam er­Tgu­le­bas efi­ce­bo­da de­
mok­ra­tias da ken­We­bi ga­mos­tyua, qa­la­qis TviT­mmar­Tve­
lo­ba­Si mis mo­wi­naaR­mde­ge klass, bur­Jua­zias mxar­Si
amoud­ga da vaW­re­bi­sa da me­ma­mu­lee­bis par­tias TeT­ri
mis­ca, qa­la­qis be­di Caug­do xel­Si.
zug­di­dis Ra­ri­bo xal­xo! Sar­San mTe­li wlis gan­mav­
lo­ba­Si Sen hxe­dav­di qa­la­qis ma­Sin­del `mes­veur­Ta“ moR­
va­weo­bas, le­ga­lur spe­ku­lia­cias, xe­dav­di, Tu ro­gor
moh­qon­daT TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­bis sa­xe­liT Car­Cebs esa Tu is
sa­qo­ne­li da er­Ti orad hyid­dnen, wel­sac qa­la­qis sve be­
di isev maT Cau­var­daT, wel­sac `isi­ni“ ga­TeT­rdnen Tqve­
ni xme­biT, mu­Se­bo! Tqven Seg­pir­dnen Tqve­ni in­te­re­se­bis
dac­vas, Tqven­Tvis brZo­las, ken­Wi ga­mog­tyues men­Se­vi­keb­
ma da am Tqve­nis ken­We­biT Tqve­ni mo­pir­da­pi­re qa­la­qis
bur­Jua­zia gaa­ba­to­nes! ex­la mainc un­da mix­vdeT, Tu vin
yo­fi­lan men­Se­vi­ke­bi da vi­si in­te­ress ica­ven isi­ni; mos­
Txo­veT amis­Tvis pa­su­xi am xalxs da sa­ja­rod gah­kic­xeT
ma­Ti moq­me­de­ba“.

s-fe­de­ra­lis­ti
`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #498, 1919

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

სართიჭალის რაიონის
სომხების განაჩენი

`1919 wels 1 ian­ vars, Cven ami­sa qve­mo­re xe­lis mom­

we­rel­ni q. tf. maz. sar­Ti­Wal. raio­nis, s. axal­so­fel­Si
mcxov­reb­ni so­mex­ni miv­mar­TavT gu­lis siw­rfe­liT Cve­ni
sa­qar­Tve­los umaR­les mTav­ro­bas mTe­li axal-so­fel­Si
mac­xov­re­be­li som­xe­bis er­Ti Tan­xmo­biT Sem­dga­ri ga­na­Ce­
niT, viT­xovT mTav­ro­bis wi­na­Se, ra­Ta gvi­bo­ZoT ne­ba om­Si
gas­vli­sa, sa­dac Cve­ni me­zo­be­li sa­qar­Tve­lo omobs som­
xe­Tis wi­na­Se, rad­gan Tu mog­vcemT ne­bas, Cve­ni coc­xa­li
Ta­viT ara gvsurs sa­qar­Tve­los Ca­mo­So­re­ba, rom sru­liad
ver ve­Tan­xme­biT sa­som­xeTs, rad­gan varT ga­Ce­ni­li da gaz­
rdi­li sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si. ami­saT­vis viT­xovT Tav­mox­riT, rom
nu Ca­mog­va­So­rebT Cvens Zmebs qar­Tve­lebs da Tu gvib­rZa­
nebT, Cven mzad varT mtris vel­ze ga­sas­vle­lad...“

`Sro­ma“, #4, 1919

მუშათა შორის, ნავთლუღი

`30 ma­ria­mo­bis­Tves Ses­dga saer­To kre­ba kon­ser­vis
qar­xnis mu­Sa-mo­sam­sa­xu­ree­bi­sa. Tav­jdo­ma­reob­da p. bo­ke­
ria. dRis wes­ri­gi iyo Sem­de­gi: 1) ax­sna da gan­mar­te­ba kav­
Si­ris mniS­vne­lo­bi­sa da mi­si miz­ne­bi­sa. 2) ar­Ce­va sa­qar­xno
ko­mi­te­ti­sa da 3) sxva da sxva kiT­xve­bi. ax­sna-gan­mar­te­bis
da kav­Si­ris miz­nis gac­no­bis Sem­deg kre­ba ga­da­vi­da mo­rig

90
 ზუგდიდის ოლქი

kiT­xveb­ze. 4) sa­qar­xno ko­mi­te­tis ar­Ce­vis Se­sa­xeb kre­bam

az­rTa gac­vla-ga­moc­vlis Sem­deg erT xmaT air­Cia sa­qar­
xno ko­mi­tet­Si: need­le ev­ge­nia, ko­rof­ki­ba ele­na da ka­
ku­naS­vi­li zu­ra­bi. mox­se­ne­bi­dan ga­moir­kva: 1) ja­ma­gi­re­bis
Ta­vis dro­ze miu­cem­lo­ba, 2) qar­xnis Se­Ce­re­bis dros xa­
zei­nis mier ja­ma­gi­ris ar mi­ce­ma mu­Se­bis­Tvis da 3) pu­ris
miu­cem­lo­ba ara sa­mu­Sao dRes. kre­bam daad­gi­na eT­xo­vos,
vi­sac jer ars yve­la am kiT­xve­bis da­de­bi­Tad ga­daW­ra“.

mdi­va­ni seq­cii­sa p. bo­ke­ria.

Tbi­li­si, `er­To­ba“, #230, gv. 4, 10.10.1920
`er­To­ba“, #230, 1920

91
 თბილისის ოლქი

კავკასიაზე: მანგლისი

`bev­ri ner­viu­lo­ba Sex­vdaT ad­gi­lob­riv mo­sax­leebs iq

da­bi­na­ve­bu­li, for­mi­re­ba­di eli­nu­ri pol­kis ga­mo, rom­
leb­mac mii­Res iq­ve gan­Tav­se­bu­li 117 qvei­Ti pol­kis sa­
kuT­re­ba. am uka­nas­kne­lis ja­ris­ka­ceb­ma ga­Zar­cves `rot­
nie ceix­gau­zi“, jer ki­dev ian­var­Si da­to­ves pol­ki da
gaem­gzav­rnen ru­seT­Si. eli­nu­ri pol­kis ja­ris­ka­ce­bi ex­la
Ram­Ra­mo­biT iw­ye­ben sro­las da cdi­lo­ben sa­xel­mwi­fo qo­
ne­bis Zar­cvas da Ta­vad­ve ga­daaqvT. pol­kis ko­mi­te­ti faq­
tob­ri­vad ar ar­se­bobs da 130 ofi­ce­ri, ro­me­lic dar­Ca
ru­su­li da axa­li eli­nu­ri pol­ki­dan, iq­ce­vian pa­siu­rad
da ar SeuZ­liaT wes­ri­gis dam­ya­re­ba. ad­gi­lob­ri­vi sa­Sem­
sru­leb­lo raio­nu­li ko­mi­te­ti ime­dov­neb­da Seeq­mna sa­
xel­mwi­fo sa­kuT­re­bis dac­vis sa­Sua­le­ba, rom­le­bic dab­
run­dnen ax­la po­zi­cie­bi­dan sax­lSi. amas gar­da, ga­daw­
yvi­tes gaeg­zav­naT Tbi­lis­Si ko­mi­te­tis war­mo­mad­gen­le­
bi Suam­dgom­lo­bis Txov­niT ru­sul na­cio­na­lur biu­ros

92
 თბილისის ოლქი

kav­Sir­Si an ru­sul kor­pus­Si. ase­ve cu­da­daa pu­ris saq­me,

ro­me­lic gai­ce­ma mo­sax­leo­ba­Si Sez­Ru­du­li ulu­fe­biT.
fqvi­lis mo­sa­po­veb­lad mac­xov­reb­le­bi miem­gzav­re­bian
wal­ka­Si, sa­dac yi­du­lo­ben mas ma­Ral fas­Si an cvlian ro­
me­li­Rac sa­qo­nel­ze.

«Республика», #177, 1918

93
 თელავის ოლქი

დავით გარეჯის უდაბნო

მდებარეობს თბილისის მაზრაში...

`ai, es Zve­li saun­je gas­Zar­cva brbom, ro­gorc amas wi­

na­dac vwer­di, wai­Res did­Za­li oq­ro, ver­cxlis niv­Te­bi,
did­Za­li spi­len­Zeu­lo­ba, ram­de­ni­me aTeu­li fu­Tis wo­ni­
sa. ga­dar­Ca sul ram­de­ni­me sa­xa­re­ba da ver­cxlis jvre­bi.
Ta­vis dro­ze, ro­ca kan­ti­kun­tad gaC­nda Ta­Tar­Ta­gan rbe­
va-gle­ja da ava­za­ko­ba, gan­vuc­xa­de Cems mTav­ro­bas, wa­
moe­RoT da mu­zeum­Si daec­vaT es sim­did­re, mag­ram amaoT
da ai dRes es sim­did­re da­to­ve­bu­li Cven­Ta wi­na­par­Ta­gan,
dai­kar­ga im dros, ro­de­sac ase Zvir­fa­sia Cve­ni eris­Tvis
yo­ve­li­ve qo­ne­ba. dRe­van­del fa­seb­Si es sim­did­re TiT­
qmis erT ma­neTs ud­ris da es sim­did­re Tun­da dRe­van­del
sae­ro sab­Wos mox­mar­de­bo­da, di­di saq­me ga­keT­de­bo­da“.

wi­nam­ZRva­ri da­viT ga­re­jis udab­noi­sa,

mRvdel-mo­na­zo­ni ger­mo­ge­ni.
`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #19, 1918

94
 თელავის ოლქი

ჟურნალისტის დღიური
„კახელები“

`sa­qar­Tve­los rki­nis gze­bi nam­dvi­li `triS­kin kaf­ta­

ni“ gax­da. erT ad­gi­las rom co­ta­Ti mo­wes­rig­de­ba saq­me
da mar­Tva-gam­geo­ba co­tad Tu bev­rad we­sier ka­la­pot­
Si Cad­ge­ba, meo­re ad­gi­las ga­moC­nde­ba uxei­ro naf­le­Ti
da ax­la imis ke­re­bas un­de­ba ada­mia­ni. bev­ri da­vi-da­ra­bis
Sem­deg prin­ci­pu­lad ga­das­wyda rki­nis gzis pro­fe­sio­na­
lur or­ga­ni­za­ciebs ad­mi­nis­tra­ciu­li fun­qcie­bi Ca­moer­
Tvas da dam­yar­des ise­Ti we­se­bi, rom­le­bic Se­saZ­leb­lad
gax­dian rki­nis gzis nor­ma­lur mu­Sao­bas.
mag­ram es ga­daw­yve­ti­le­ba, Tur­me, ka­xe­Tis rki­nis gzis
ko­mi­te­tis­Tvis sa­val­de­bu­lo ara yo­fi­la. ka­xe­Tis rki­nis
gza­ze ko­mi­tets Ta­vi­se­bu­ri, er­Tgva­ri res­pub­li­ka ga­mouc­
xa­de­bia, rom­lis­Tvi­sac arc mTav­ro­bis gan­kar­gu­le­bas, arc
rki­nis gzis mo­sam­sa­xu­re­Ta yri­lo­bis dad­ge­ni­le­bas ara­vi­
Ta­ri mniS­vne­lo­ba ara hqo­nia. sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­kis
sa­xa­zi­no gze­bis mu­Sa-mo­sam­sa­xu­re­Ta pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­
Si­ris cen­tra­lu­ri gam­geo­bis ga­zeT­Si `Ta­vi­su­fal gza“-Si
er­Ti friad da­ma­xa­sia­Te­be­li we­ri­lia da­beW­di­li. ka­xe­Tis
rki­nis gzis ko­mi­te­ti Sek­re­bi­la, bevr `brZnul“ sa­kiT­xze
um­sjel­nia, aR­mou­Ce­nia, rom ka­xe­Tis rki­nis gza jer ar
`gauw­men­diaT saeW­vo pi­re­bi­sa­gan“ da ami­tom daud­ge­niaT:
`mii­Ro ra yve­la ze­mod Tqmu­li mxed­ve­lo­ba­Si, mTa­var­ma
ko­mi­tet­ma ga­das­wyvi­ta, ga­nag­rZos (jer­je­ro­biT) mu­Sao­ba
Zve­le­bu­rad, iseT­sa­ve uf­le­be­biT aR­Wur­vil­ma, ro­go­ri­
Tac iyo dRem­dis, rom amiT da­cul iq­mnes gza­ze wes-ri­gi,
rac xels Seuw­yobs Cvens mTav­ro­bas anar­qias­Tan brZo­la­Si
da de­mok­ra­tiu­li res­pub­li­kis gan­mtki­ce­ba­Si“.

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me­tis-me­tad mxia­ru­li xal­xi yo­fi­la es `ka­xe­le­bi“!

amas­Ta­na­ve er­Tad ori­gi­na­lu­ri war­mod­ge­na hqo­niaT anar­
qia­ze. imaT al­ baT hgo­ niaT, rom anar­ qia mxo­ lod ma­ Sin
aris, ro­de­sac va­go­ne­bi er­Tma­neTs exeT­qe­ba da im­sxvre­va,
qu­Ca­Si To­fis gria­li is­mis da sxva.
ara, ba­to­ne­bo! TviT Tqve­ni dad­ge­ni­le­ba uk­ve anar­
qis­tu­li dad­ge­ni­le­baa. ro­de­sac mTav­ro­bas er­Ti ga­daw­
yve­ti­le­ba ga­moaqvs da Tqven ki mi­si sa­wi­naaR­mde­go ga­
daw­yve­ti­le­ba, es uk­ve Ta­vis Ta­vad anar­qiaa, qao­si­sa da
arev-da­re­vis ga­mom­wve­vi.
mTav­ro­ba ve­ra­so­des ver miaR­wevs Ta­vis da­niS­nu­le­bas,
ve­ra­so­des ver daam­ya­rebs we­sie­re­bas da ver ga­nam­tki­cebs
res­pub­li­kas, Tu ar moh­xda sru­li koor­di­na­cia yve­la sa­
xel­mwi­fo apa­ra­tis mu­Sao­bi­sa. mag­ram ro­gor da ra­nai­rad
un­da miaR­wios mTav­ro­bam am koor­di­na­cias, Tu mi­si dad­
ge­ni­le­ba­ni da gan­kar­gu­le­ba­ni sul ar aas­ru­les, meo­re
ad­gi­las na­xev­rad aas­ru­les, me­sa­me ad­gi­las Ta­vi­si ne­biT
So­reu­li drois­Tvis ga­das­des, meoT­xe ad­gi­las ki pir­da­
pir mis wi­naaR­mdeg gai­laS­qres.
es sa­xel­mwi­fo ki ara ba­bi­lo­nis go­do­li iq­ne­ba. saa­Tis
me­qa­niz­mis erT ro­me­li­me na­wils ver SeuZ­lian Ta­vis Wkua­
ze at­rial­des. yo­vel­ma vin­tma Tu Ta­vi­si da­niS­nu­le­ba ar
Seas­ru­la, saa­Ti au­ci­leb­lad dad­ge­ba, sa­xel­mwi­fo me­qa­
niz­mic er­Tma­neT­Tan Se­Tan­xme­bu­li na­wi­le­bis­gan Ses­dge­ba.
ami­tom, ro­de­sac mxia­ru­li ka­xe­le­bi am­bo­ben, mTav­ro­bam
rac un­da daad­gi­nos, Cven mainc Cve­ne­bu­rad mo­viq­ce­viT
da amiT xels Se­vuw­yobT mTav­ro­bis mu­Sao­ba­sao, es an maTs
sruls gau­geb­ro­bas un­da mie­we­ros, an bo­rot gan­zrax­vas.
mag­ram, ra­ki ze­mox­se­ne­bul ga­zeT­Si `gan­wmen­da­ze“ la­
pa­ra­ko­ben, Cven iZu­le­bul­ni vxde­biT vi­fiq­roT, rom aq
sul sxva­gan aris ZaR­lis Ta­vi Ca­mar­xu­li. ka­xe­Tis rki­nis
gza­ze, al­baT, jer ver moas­wres Ta­vian­Ti `er­Ta­der­Ti“

96
 თელავის ოლქი

par­tiis wev­re­bis me­qa­ni­ku­ri gam­rav­le­ba. es ise­Ti mo­ti­via

da ise­Ti wi­naaR­mde­go­ba mTav­ro­bi­sa, rom­lis gu­lis­Tvi­
sac `jer­je­ro­biT“ SeiZ­le­ba sa­xel­mwi­foeb­ri­vi prin­ci­pi
da­vi­viw­yoT da iq­ne­ba zo­gierT pir­Ta mad­lo­bac da­vim­sa­
xu­roT“.
Si­nau­ri
`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #359, 1918

ს. ხაშმი

s. xaS­mis Teat­rSi war­mod­ge­ni­li iq­mna Sem­de­gi pie­se­bi:

1 sik­vdi­li Crdi­loeT­Si; dra­ma erT moq­me­de­bad s. er­Taw­
min­de­li­sa; 2. ga­Wir­ve­bu­li stu­den­ti, vo­dev. 4 moq­me­de­
bad er. bi­la­niS­vi­li­sa. 3. qar­Tve­li stu­den­te­bi. k. 1. m S.
go­mar­Te­li­sa.
Se­mo­vi­da 2600 ma­ne­Ti, rom­li­da­nac 1000 man. ga­dae­ca
bib­lio­Te­kas da 1000 man er. bi­la­niS­vi­lis pie­sis ga­mo­sa­
ce­mad; da 600 man ga­dae­ca xaS­mis Teatrs.

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #122, 1920

97
 ლეჩხუმ-ცაგერის ოლქი

ზემო სვანეთი.

`dRi­dan re­vo­liu­ciis ga­moc­xa­de­bi­sa, ze­mo sva­ne­Tic

Cae­ba re­vo­liu­ciis fer­xul­Si. ad­gi­lob­riv mas­wav­leb­le­
bis Taos­no­biT sof­leb­Si ar­Ceul iq­na sa­sof­lo ko­mi­te­
te­bi, ro­mel­nic ud­gnen sa­Ta­ve­Si so­fels, sa­raio­no ko­mi­
te­tis ar­Ce­vam­de. mim­di­na­reob­da sva­ne­Tis cxov­re­ba ma­nam,
sa­nam ar ga­moc­xad­da di­de­bi­Ta Ta­vi­sa­Ta am­bro­si pir­ve­li.
am­bro­si pir­ve­li Se­mo­vi­da sva­neT­Si vi­Tar­ca pro­pa­gan­dis­
ti na­cio­nal-de­mok­ra­te­bis. mi­si pir­ve­li sit­yva sva­ne­bi­
sad­mi iyo so­cia­lis­tu­ri par­tie­bis lan­ZRva-gi­ne­ba, ise
gan­sa­kuT­re­biT ki so­cial-de­mok­ra­te­bis.
`so­cial-de­mok­ra­tebs un­daT ker­Zo sa­kuT­re­bis mos­po­
ba, so­cial-de­mok­ra­tebs un­daT na­Te­sao­bis da sar­wmu­neo­
bis mos­po­ba“, eub­ne­bo­da am­bro­si sva­nebs. ro­gorc uco­di­
na­ri xal­xi, uje­ro­da am­bro­si pir­vels ra, wyevl-krul­vas
ug­zav­ni­den so­cial-de­mok­ra­tebs.
ag­reT­ve pro­pa­gan­da­Si did dax­ma­re­bas uwev­den am­bro­
sis mRvdle­bi. so­cia­lis­te­bi­sa­gan sar­wmu­noe­bis mos­po­biT
aSi­neb­den xalxs da xal­xic ro­gorc `RvdelT-mor­wmu­ne“,
miy­ve­bo­da maT kvals.

98
 ლეჩხუმ-ცაგერის ოლქი

amas gar­da am­bro­sim di­daT waa­qe­za sva­ne­bi sa­xa­zi­no

mTe­bis da­beg­vra­Si, sa­dac meg­re­lebs yav­daT jo­gi. ece­mo­
den sva­ne­bi meg­re­lebs. car­cvav­den da sCa­dio­den aTas­gvar
ya­Ca­Ro­bas. arc meg­re­lebs ay­ri­den xeirs. car­cva gle­ja
ax­lac dauw­yna­re­be­lia meg­re­lebs da sva­nebs So­ris.
ag­reT­ve am­bro­sim Ta­vi isa­xe­la ro­gorc To­fe­biT mo­
vaW­rem. mar­to Co­lir­Si aqvs gi­yi­du­li or­mo­cam­de To­fi
(vin­tov­ka). qu­Tais­Si aTas-gvar nas­traJ­ni­kal xu­li­gan sva­
nebs uSov­na To­fe­bis mow­mo­be­bi da Sem­deg daa­ri­ga `ara­vis
ar uT­xra­To“. ai swo­reT ker­Zo sa­kuT­re­bis Cab­Rau­We­biT,
ad­gi­lob­riv mRvdle­bis dax­ma­re­biT miem­xro am­bro­sis
par­tias pir­ve­li xa­neb­Si xal­xi.
mag­ram ro­gorc naT­qva­mia tyuils mok­le fe­xi abiao,
am­bro­si pir­ve­lis `cru pro­pa­gan­da­sac“ ma­le mot­yda fe­
xe­bi, dam­fuZ­ne­bel kre­bis ar­Cev­neb­ma yve­la­fe­ri cxad­yves,
vis uf­ro miy­ve­ba xal­xi da vis uf­ro. amis Sem­deg am­bro­
sim mia­to­va Ta­vi­si `sam­Sob­lo“ ze­mo sva­ne­Ti da gad­mo­
vi­da leC­xum­Si vi­Tar­ca `re­vo­liu­cio­ne­ri“, sa­dac Ta­vis
xu­lig­nur moR­va­weo­bas ga­nag­rZobs!“
− ce­ce
`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, # 345, 1918

99
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

სვანეთის დელეგაცია

`Te­ber­vlis Tor­mets sva­ne­Tis de­le­ga­cia wa­rud­ga sa­

qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­kis Tav­jdo­ma­res. sva­ne­Tis de­le­ga­
ciis Tav­jdo­ma­rem eg­na­te gab­lian­ma mas mi­mar­Ta Sem­de­gi
sit­yviT: `upir­ve­les yov­li­sa ne­ba mog­ve­ciT mo­ge­sal­moT
mTe­li sva­ne­Tis sa­xe­liT. Cven mu­dam­Jams Ta­vi­suf­le­bis
mot­rfia­le qvey­nis Svi­le­bi, Tqven am Ta­vi­suf­le­bis sau­
ke­Te­so da­rajs da Ce­mebr Cag­rulT in­te­re­se­bis dam­cvels.
Tqven bed­ma gar­gu­naT mra­val tan­jul sa­qar­Tve­los mo­
no­bi­sa­gan gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bis Jams gam­xda­ri­ya­viT Ta­vi­su­
fal sa­qar­Tve­los Seq­mnis sa­Zir­kve­lad da gi­sur­vebT Ses­
ZloT sa­qar­Tve­los im gza­ze da­ye­ne­ba, rom man iar­se­bobs
mo­ma­val­Si sa­xe­lo­va­nad.
uZ­ve­les droi­dan kav­ka­siis mTebs Sua mom­wyvdeu­li
sva­ne­bi am bo­lo dros er­Tob Ca­mov­rCiT cxov­re­bas, ar­
se­bul ad­gi­lob­riv bu­neb­ri­vi da geog­ra­fiu­li pi­ro­be­bis
wya­lo­biT vxe­davT ima­sac, rom amis­Ta­na dros mTav­ro­ba­
mac ver mog­vaq­cia jer­je­ro­biT je­ro­va­ni yu­rad­Re­ba da
ami­tom Cven Tvi­Ton Ca­mo­ve­diT mis sa­Zeb­raT da Cve­ni qvey­
nis mdgo­ma­reo­bis ga­sac­no­bad...
dRes, ro­de­sac mo­no­bis bor­ki­le­bi daim­sxvra da Ta­vi­
suf­le­bis mzem sva­neT­sac moh­fi­na Tvi­si mad­lia­ni sxi­ve­bi,
Cvenc gvin­da da­ra­jad daud­geT Ta­vi­suf­le­bas da Tqven­Tan
er­Tad vib­rZo­loT mis mtre­bis wi­naaR­mdeg. ami­tom gTxovT
awi mainc yu­rad­Re­ba miaq­cioT kav­ka­siis am Svei­ca­riaT wo­
de­bul ar­wi­vis kuT­xes, pat­ro­no­ba gau­wioT mas da ga­moi­
ye­noT Cve­ni eris sa­ke­Til­dReoT es jan­sa­Ri da gaux­rwne­li
xal­xi da sva­ne­Tis mra­val­gva­ri bu­neb­ri­vi sim­did­re“.

`Sro­ma“, #38, 1919

100
 ლეჩხუმ-ცაგერის ოლქი

ზემო სვანეთის დელეგაცია

მთავრობის წინაშე

`12 Te­ber­vals sva­ne­Tis de­le­ga­cia wa­rud­ga mTav­ro­

bis Tav­mjdo­ma­res b. Jor­da­nias. de­le­ga­ciis Tav­mjdo­ma­
re gab­lian­ma mi­sa­sal­me­bel sit­yviT mih­mar­Ta:
`ne­ba mog­ve­ciT mu­dam Ta­vi­suf­le­bis mot­rfia­le­ni mo­
ge­sal­moT sva­ne­Tis sa­xe­liT.
Tqven bed­ma gar­gu­naT sa­qar­Tve­los aR­dge­na­Si be­la­do­
ba da gi­sur­vebT, rom Ses­ZloT sa­qar­Tve­los im gza­zed
da­ye­ne­ba, ra­Ta man iar­se­bos mo­ma­val­Si sa­xe­lov­nad.
uZ­ve­les droid­gan kav­ka­siis mTeb Sua mom­wyvdeu­li sva­
ne­bi am bo­lo dros Ca­mov­rCiT cxov­re­bas, ar­se­bul ad­gi­
lob­riv bu­neb­riv da geog­ra­fiu­li pi­ro­be­bis wya­lo­biT.
vxe­davT ima­sac, rom amis­Ta­na dros mTav­ro­bam ver mog­vaq­
cia je­ro­va­ni yu­rad­Re­ba da ami­tom Cven Tvi­Ton Ca­mo­ve­diT
mis sa­Zeb­rad da Cve­ni qvey­nis mdgo­ma­reo­bis ga­sac­no­baT.
mar­Ta­lia, Cven dav­Sor­diT da­nar­Cen qar­Tve­lebs me-7
sau­ku­ne­Si qris­tes So­bam­de mci­re azia­Si, ma­Sin ro­de­sac
aru­leb­Tan ora­si wlis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si ga­nuw­yve­te­li brZo­
liT da­qan­cu­li qar­Tve­le­bi ki­mi­rie­le­bi­sa, ba­za­re­bi­sa da
sxva ve­lu­ri xal­xis Se­mo­se­vis wya­lo­biT iy­vnen ay­ril­ni
da dev­nil­ni, mag­ram mra­va­li is­to­riu­li sa­bu­Te­bi mog­
viT­xro­ben, rom sva­ne­bi ro­gorc ma­nam­di ag­red­ve imis Sem­
de­gac yo­vel­Tvis sa­qar­Tve­los­Tan mWid­rod iy­vnen da­kav­
Si­re­bul­ni Wir­Si da lxin­Si. amas sxva­Ta So­ris gvim­tki­
cebs is ga­re­moe­bac, rom sa­qar­Tve­los me­feebs yo­vel­Tvis
di­di yu­rad­Re­ba hqon­daT sva­neT­ze miq­ceu­li da sva­ne­bic
ma­Ti er­Tgul­ni qve­Sev­rdom­ni iy­vnen. ma­gal. da­viT aR­ma­
Se­ne­bel­ma daiw­yo sva­neT­Si ek­le­sie­bis aSe­ne­ba da qris­

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

tia­no­bis gav­rce­le­ba. Ta­mar me­fis ma­mis dros sva­neb­ma

San­Ze San­Se da­dia­nis me­Tau­ro­biT ai­Res som­xe­Tis sa­tax­to
qa­la­qi ani­si.
Ta­mar me­fe, rom­lis sa­xe­lic si­la­ma­zi­sa da di­de­bis Sa­
ra­van­de­diT aris Sem­ku­li sva­ne­Tis mex­sie­re­ba­Si, iyo Cve­ni
mwya­lo­be­li. man bev­ri taZ­re­bi aa­go sva­neT­Si da mra­va­li
xat-jva­riT Seam­ko isi­ni. ami­tom gior­gi ru­sis Ca­go­ne­biT
Ta­ma­ris msa­xurT uxu­ce­sis var­dan da­dia­nis mier Ta­mar
me­fis sa­wi­naaR­mde­god ajan­ye­bul­ma sva­neb­ma TviT gior­gi
ru­si dai­Wi­res da xel-fex Sek­ru­li Ta­mar me­fes miuy­va­nes.
meeq­vse sau­ku­ne­Si kol­xe­bi­sa da sva­ne­bis Seer­Te­bu­li
laS­qa­ri er­Tad eb­rZod­nen spar­se­lebs, ai­Res qa­la­qi pat­
ra da daan­gries ci­xe sa­Zir­kve­le­bam­de. amis­Ta­na saa­ra­ko
ie­ri­Se­bi mtris wi­naaR­mdeg sva­nebs mra­val­jer miu­ta­niaT.
mra­va­li xar-jva­ri, Zve­li xel­Tna­we­re­bi da sxva saek­
le­sio sim­did­re da is Zve­li naS­Te­bi, rom­le­bic sva­neT­ma
dRem­dis daic­va da Seu­na­xa sa­qar­Tve­los, arian sau­ke­Te­so
mow­me sva­ne­bi­sa da da­nar­Cen qar­Tve­le­bis er­Tia­no­bi­sa da
ma­Ti brwyin­va­le war­su­li­sa.
dRes, ro­de­sac mo­no­bis bor­ki­le­bi daim­sxvra da Ta­vi­
suf­le­bis mze sva­neT­sac moe­fi­na, Cvenc gvin­da da­ra­jad
da­vud­geT Ta­vi­suf­le­bas da Tqven­Tan er­Tad vib­rZo­loT
mis mtris wi­naaR­mdeg. ami­tom gTxovT ax­la mainc yu­rad­
Re­ba miaq­cioT mas, pat­ro­no­ba gau­wioT mas da ga­moi­ye­noT
Cve­ni eris sa­ke­Til­dReod es jan­sa­Ri xal­xi da sva­ne­Tis
bu­neb­ri­vi sim­did­re“.
Sem­deg de­le­ga­ciam wa­rad­gi­na mox­se­ne­ba, ro­mel­Sic wa­
mo­ye­ne­bu­lia Sem­de­gi:
1) sva­ne­Ti odes­Rac kul­tu­ris ma­ta­re­be­li yo­vel­Tvis
yo­fi­la ga­nuy­re­li na­wi­li sa­qar­Tve­lo­si da dRe­sac
mxars uWers sa­qar­Tve­los da­mou­ki­deb­lo­bas, rom­lis
gan­mtki­ce­bis­Tvis igi mzad aris Ta­vic Ses­wi­ros.

102
 ლეჩხუმ-ცაგერის ოლქი

2) eT­xo­vos umaR­les mTav­ro­bas, ra­Ta man sva­neT­Si Ta­

vis war­mo­mad­gen­le­bis­gan Sem­dga­ri ko­mi­sia ga­mog­
zav­nos, ro­me­lic ad­gi­lob­riv gaec­no­ba yo­vel mxriv
sva­ne­Tis mdgo­ma­reo­bas, xal­xsac aux­snis mTav­ro­bis
moT­xov­ni­le­bebs da am ko­mi­sias­ve mien­dos sva­ne­Tis
ia­ra­Ris ay­ris saq­me
3) zo­gierT axal­gaz­rda sva­nebs bra­li ede­baT me­zo­bel
xal­xi­sa­gan sa­qon­lis mo­ta­ce­ba­Si. eT­xo­vos mTav­ro­
bas epa­tioT im pi­rebs, ro­mel­nic da­za­ra­le­bu­lebs
Seu­rig­de­bian da daak­ma­yo­fi­le­ben me­dia­to­rul we­
siT.
4) eT­xo­vos mTav­ro­bas, rom sva­neTs mis­ces ne­ba me­dia­
to­ru­li we­siT mo­ri­ge­bi­sa, vis­Ta­nac uk­ma­yo­fi­le­ba
aqvT ama Tu im saq­me­ze.
5) vi­nai­dan sva­ne­Ti mow­yve­ti­lia ug­zo-uk­vlo­bis ga­mo
kul­tu­rul centrs, rom­lis mi­ze­zi­Tac yo­vel­gva­
ri kul­tu­ru­li war­ma­te­ba SeuZ­le­be­lia − eT­xo­vos
mTav­ro­bas, rac SeiZ­le­ba mok­le xan­Si sva­neT­Si iq­nes
gay­va­ni­li gze­bi − um­Tav­re­si faq­to­ri aReb-mi­ce­
mo­bi­sa da kul­tu­ri­sa. sva­ne­Ti bu­ne­bas ux­vad dau­
jil­do­ve­bia, ueW­ve­lia gze­bis gay­va­na xels Seuw­yobs
sim­did­ris ga­mo­ta­nas da cen­trTan gaer­Tia­ne­bas.
6) msa­ju­lis ad­gi­lob­riv uyo­lo­bi­sa ga­mo sva­ne­Ti ver
See­gua ka­no­nebs da Ta­vi­se­bu­raT ga­nag­rZobs Ta­vis
dak­ma­yo­fi­le­bas, ami­to­mac gax­Sir­da sis­xlis aRe­ba.
me­tis­me­tad sa­Wi­roa sva­neT­Si mud­mi­vad iyos 2 msa­
ju­li.
7) eT­xo­vos mTav­ro­bas, ra­Ta ne­ba dar­Tos sva­neT­ma Ta­
vis mxriT sa­mi war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li air­Cios dam­fuZ­ne­
bel kre­ba­Si“.
`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, 1918

103
 ოზურგეთის ოლქი

სოფ. ზემოთავსურები
(გურია)

`aq ar­se­bobs sam­kiT­xve­lo, ori or­kla­sia­ni sa­mi­nis­

tro Sko­la, sa­fer­Slo pun­kti da am bo­lo dros gax­snes
te­leg­ra­fis gan­yo­fi­le­ba; maT daar­se­ba­Si di­di Sro­ma
miuZ­Rvis ad­gi­lob­riv mcxov­rebs ma­ka­ri kik­va­Zes. mcxov­
reb­le­bic ki di­dis aR­frTo­va­ne­biT ege­be­bian yo­ve­li­ve
kul­tu­rul da­we­se­bu­le­bebs. xal­xi di­daT mon­do­me­bu­
lia, rom ra­me nai­raT ga­diy­va­non xa­zi­nis xar­jze ze­mox­
se­ne­bu­li sa­fer­Slo pun­kti. xal­xi did kri­ziss ga­nic­
dis yo­ ve­
li­ ve mxriT da sa­ fer­ Slo punkts da sxv. sWi­
ria di­di xar­ji. vi­me­dov­nebT, rom mTav­ro­bac ga­dai­tans
punkts sa­xa­zi­noT.
ro­gorc ze­mo vsTqviT, aq ar­se­bobs ax­lad gax­sni­li te­
leg­ra­fis gan­yo­fi­le­ba. rad­ga­nac xar­ji mo­xe­lee­bis ja­ma­
gi­ris gar­da, un­da ga­di­xa­dos sa­zo­ga­doe­bam, (sul su­re­bis
sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­Si aris sa­mi gan­yo­fi­le­ba) da sa­zo­ga­doe­bas

104
 ოზურგეთის ოლქი

ki ar aqvs amis Ro­ne, Cven vur­Cev­diT moex­snaT apa­ra­te­bi

cen­tris gar­da da daed­gaT te­le­fo­ne­bi, rad­ga­nac te­
le­fo­nebs ar sWi­ria di­di xar­ji. mas­Tan mo­xe­lee­bi jer-
je­ro­biT ga­nic­dian kri­ziss usur­sa­To­bis ga­mo. su­re­bis
sa­zo­ga­doe­bas er­Ti di­di nak­li aqvs − mas sav­ se­biT ar
uvar­ga gza da ime­dia, rom gzac ma­le ga­keT­de­ba ero­bis
wya­lo­biT“.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #432, 1918

ქალთა
სასახელო მუშაობა

`s. sa­me­ba­Si (gu­ria) daar­sda qal­Ta wre, rom­lis wev­

re­bis ric­xvi jer­je­ro­biT oT­xmo­cam­dis adis. man dai­
sa­xa miz­naT um­Tav­re­saT TviT gan­vi­Ta­re­ba da sxva da
sxva xe­lo­bis Ses­wav­la. man ga­mo­yo ag­reT­ve Ta­vis wri­
dan mo­xa­li­se­ni To­xiT mo­mu­Sa­vee­bi­sa 35 wev­ri, rom­le­bic
umu­Sa xe­loT dar­Ce­nil ya­neb­Si ufa­soT Ta­vian­Ti xar­
jiT mu­Sao­ben da bev­ri ya­ne­bic dai­mu­Sa­ves. jer bevrs
es mov­le­na euc­xo­va, ma­ra Sem­deg­Si yve­las sim­pa­Tia da
Ta­nag­rZno­ba daim­sa­xu­ra“.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #348, 1918

105
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

გურიის მუშათა
ასოციაცია.

`re­vo­lu­ciis pir­vel dRi­dan­ve mTe­li da­qi­ra­ve­bu­li

Za­la gu­rii­sa dai­raz­ma mu­Sa­Ta kav­Si­reb­Si, rom­le­bic sus­
ti iyo kla­siu­ri TviT­Sgne­biT da ag­reT­ve ric­xviT mci­re
ar war­moad­gen­da mZlavr or­ga­ni­za­cias. mTe­li maz­ra da­
yo­fi­li iyo pir­ve­laT sxva­das­xva raio­ne­baT, mag: ozur­
ge­Tis, Co­xa­tau­ris, lan­Cxu­Tis, suf­sis, xi­dis­Ta­vis da
sxva, ro­mel­Tac So­ris did­xans ara­vi­Ta­ri kav­Si­ri ar ar­
se­bob­da, mxo­lod Sem­deg, ro­de­sac Ti­Toeul­ma maT­gan­ma
ig­rZno Seer­Te­bis sa­Wi­roe­ba, gai­Ci­na er­Ti or­ga­no, ro­
mel­mac un­da upat­ro­nos yve­la raio­ne­bis prof. kav­Si­
rebs da gau­wios mas saer­To xel­mZRva­ne­lo­ba. swo­reT am
miz­niT mTe­li maz­ris da­qi­ra­ve­bul Za­le­bis Se­saer­Teb­lad
da or­ga­ni­za­ciu­li kiT­xve­bis ga­da­saW­re­lad, bo­lo dros
mox­da yri­lo­ba, ozur­geT­Si daes­wrnen am­xa­na­ge­bi ozur­
ge­Ti­dan, Co­xa­tau­ri­dan, lan­Cxu­Ti­dan, suf­si­dan da sxva.
bev­ri praq­ti­ku­li kiT­xve­bi gair­Ca am kre­ba­ze. am­xa­na­ge­bi
gaec­vnen or­ga­ni­za­ciul kiT­xvebs. amor­Ceul iq­na droe­
bi­Ti gu­riis mu­Sa­Ta aso­cia­ciis centr. ko­mi­te­ti, far­To
yri­lo­bis mow­ve­vam­de, ro­mel­sac mien­do ga­daW­ril kiT­
xve­bis cxov­re­ba­Si ga­ta­re­ba. amor­Ceul ko­mi­sias yri­lo­bam
ndo­ba ga­mouc­xa­da, ro­mel­mac un­da moaw­yos saa­vaT­myo­fo
ka­se­bis saq­me gu­riis da­qi­ra­ve­bul mu­Sa­Ta So­ris. vu­sur­
vebT mu­Sa­Ta cent. ko­mi­tets met saq­mia­no­bas kav­Si­re­bis
sa­sar­geb­lod“.
p. le­se­li
`er­To­ba“, #246,1918

106
 ოზურგეთის ოლქი

ქართველ ერს

ქართველებო, ისმინეთ ხმა

გურიისა!

is­mi­neT de­da-sam­Sob­los kvne­sa-Ci­vi­li.

`Cvens qve­ya­nas ase­Ti gan­sac­de­li jer ar una­xavs, Cven
gvyav­da me­fe TviT­mpyro­be­li, aRar gvyavs, mo­vi­So­reT.
Cven gvyav­da sa­ma­mu­lo Ta­va­de­bi, maT mi­web­ze maT­Tvis vmu­
Saob­diT; aRar gvyavs da mi­wa Cvens xel­Si gad­mo­vi­da. dRes
ki Ta­vi­suf­le­bi varT. am saer­To Ta­vi­suf­le­bis mo­po­ve­bas
ru­se­Tis di­di re­vo­lu­ciis dros qar­Tve­lebs di­di Rvaw­
li miuZ­RviT. sa­ma­gie­rod ru­se­Tis bol­Se­vi­keb­ma os­ma­le­
Tis sul­Tans, os­ma­le­Tis TviT­mpyro­bel me­fes, feS­qa­Sad
miar­Tves amier-kav­ka­siis ka­ri − yar­si da ar­da­ga­ni, sa­
qar­Tve­los vaW­ro­bis Tva­li ba­Tu­mi da zed daur­Tes Cve­
ni Zme­bis sam­Sob­lo aWa­ra-qo­bu­le­Ti. es kuT­xe mes­xe­Ti­sa,
Cve­ni sia­ma­ye So­Ta rus­Ta­ve­lis ak­va­nia, mes­xeT­Si ain­To
kul­tu­ris ak­va­ni, es lam­pa­ri os­ma­leT­ma Caaq­ro.
cxa­dia, ro­ca aWa­ra-qo­bu­leT­Si os­ma­lo ga­ba­ton­de­ba,
iq is Se­moi­Rebs Ta­vi­se­bur mar­Tva gam­geo­bas − beh­gebs
mis­cems fa­So­bas, xalxs kvlav dai­mo­nebs da mog­vi­sevs. ma­
da gax­sni­li os­ma­lo ar da­ya­bul­de­ba ba­Tum­sa da ba­Tu­mis
olqs da is wae­po­ti­ne­ba sa­qar­Tve­los sxva kuT­seeb­sac.
gu­ria, ro­gorc er­Ti ka­ci, yve­la dad­ge­ba saz­Rvar­ze
da sa­nam pir­Si su­li ud­gas mom­xdur, ve­rag mters zurgs
ar uC­ve­nebs… mo­gi­wo­debT Tqven da geub­ne­biT:
er­Ti yve­la­saT­vis, yve­la ki Ta­vi­suf­le­bi­sa da sam­Sob­
los ke­Til­dReo­bi­saT­vis.

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

an er­Tad gmi­ru­lad sik­vdi­li, an er­Tad brwyin­va­le

ga­mar­jve­ba.
aR­svdgeT Zme­bo, aR­svdgeT qar­Tvel­no da mters da­vum­
tki­coT, Tu ris mqne­lia gaR­vi­Ze­bu­li eri.
gu­ria moe­lis Tqvens pa­suxs.

re­vo­lu­cii­sa da sam­Sob­los dac­vis gu­riis ko­mi­te­ti“.

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #57, 1918

საჭამიასერის რაიონი

`Sa­baTs, 22 Te­ber­vals sa­Wa­mia­se­ris umaR­les daw­ye­

biT sas­wav­le­bel­Si mox­da axal­gaz­rda mar­qsis­tTa mo­ri­gi
kre­ba; Tav­mjdo­ma­reT iq­na ar­Ceu­li S. Wi­la­Ze, mdiv­naT g.
qo­ri­Ze. mci­re sa­kiT­xe­bis gar­Ce­vis Sem­deg, xse­ne­bul sas­
wav­leb­lis mas­wav­le­be­li d. n. du­du­Ca­va ar­kvevs mar­qsiz­
mis de­da azrs, exe­ba sxva da sxva po­li­ti­kur kiT­xvebs da
saer­Tod so­cial-de­mok­ra­te­bis prog­ra­mas. du­du­Ca­vam Si­
naar­sia­nad daa­su­ra­Ta ze­mox­se­ne­bu­li kiT­xve­bi, ro­me­lic
wa­mo­ye­ne­bul iq­na axal­gaz­rde­bis­gan. ila­pa­ra­ka TiT­qmis
na­xe­va­ri saa­Ti. da­sas­rul mox­se­ne­bi­sa, kre­ba exe­ba sxva da
sxva or­ga­ni­za­ciul kiT­xvebs“.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti, #50, 1919

108
 ოზურგეთის ოლქი

პროვინციის ცხოვრება
სოფელი ხიდისთავი

`am so­fels mkiT­xve­li sa­zo­ga­doe­ba kar­gaT ic­nobs.

ara er­Txel da or­xel awe­ri­la ga­ze­Teb­Si mi­si av­la-di­
de­bis `xot­ba­Ta Ses­xma“. mag­ram Tu sa­kiTxs da sa­zo­ga­doT
rea­lur mxa­res gan­vi­xi­lavT, mi­si win msvle­lo­be­bi­sas,
da­vi­na­xavT, rom is arc ise unak­ loa, ro­ gorc es bevrs
war­moud­ge­nia. mo­gex­se­ne­baT, xse­ne­bul so­fel­Si ori we­
li­wa­dia, rac umaR­le­si, pir­vel daw­ye­bi­Ti sas­wav­le­be­
li ar­se­bobs. am sas­wav­le­bels aqvs Ta­vis mwva­ve is­to­ria,
mag­ram mi­si da­de­bi­Tad aq moy­va­na yov­lad SeuZ­le­be­lia.
mi­si ke­Til­dReo­bis­Tvis un­da iT­qvas, rom mar­Tlac zo­
gierT pi­rov­ne­bebs di­di Sro­ma da ener­gia miuZ­RviT. ro­
gorc yo­ve­li, ise am sas­wav­leb­lis mar­to daar­se­ba ki ar
yo­fi­la di­di saq­me, ara­med mi­si Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba, mi­si sa­xes
gan­mtki­ce­ba da mos­wav­le axal­gaz­rdo­bis evo­liu­ciis­ken
ga­qa­ne­ba. bevrs qon­da ase­Ti ime­di, rom mar­Tlac es sas­
wav­le­be­li Ta­vis si­maR­le­ze id­go­me­bo­da, mag­ram es ase
ver Ses­rul­da. mar­Ta­lia, swav­la daiw­yo da ki­dec mo­wa­fe
axal­gaz­rdo­ba kar­gaT ki­debs ma­ca­di­no­bas xels, mag­ram
aq moi­sus­tebs meo­re mTa­va­ri ma­moZ­ra­ve­be­li Za­la. es Za­
la gax­lavT mas­wav­leb­le­bi, rom­le­bic da gan­sa­kuT­re­biT,
ro­mel­Ta na­wi­li umoq­me­do­bas Seup­yria. ver na­xavT verc
erT mo­wa­fes, rom mi­si pi­ri­dan ar is­mo­des sa­Si­ne­li da
sa­mar­cxvi­no os­tro­ba zo­gierT mas­wav­leb­le­bi­sad­mi. es ki
Seuw­yna­re­be­lia. ise­dac pa­ta­ra so­fel­Si, sa­dac yo­ve­li
kul­tu­ru­li da­we­se­bu­le­ba Zve­laT id­ga Ta­vis si­maR­le­ze,
dRes rom da­Rup­vis gzas daad­ges − es er­Tob mou­te­ve­be­
li cod­va iq­ne­ba am pir­TaT­vis, rom­le­bic mas ga­na­ge­ben

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

miT ume­tes. swav­lis saq­mis daq­vei­Te­ba da swav­lis fu­lis

mo­ma­te­ba ise­dac da­Ra­ri­be­bul mo­wa­fe­TaT­vis erT ka­la­
pot­Si ver mo­Tav­sde­ba“.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #67, 1919

* * *
`gu­ria­Si ver na­xavT iseT co­ta so­fel­sac ki, sa­dac
er­Ti an ori pir­vel daw­ye­bi­Ti sas­wav­le­be­li ar iy­ves.
sam­wu­xa­roT gim­na­zie­bis gax­snas met yu­rad­Re­bas aq­ce­ven,
vid­re sa­meur­neo sas­wav­leb­li­sas.
ozur­geT­Si er­Ti sa­meur­neo sas­wav­le­be­lia. am sas­wav­
le­bel­ma Suam­dgom­lo­ba aR­Zra, sa­dac jer iyo so­fel
bzva­nis min­dvre­bis mis­Tvis ga­da­ce­mis Se­sa­xeb. sam­wu­xa­
rod, am sas­wav­leb­lis Suam­dgom­lo­ba uyu­rad­Re­boT iq­na
da­to­ve­bu­li. ex­la xse­ne­bul sas­wav­le­bel­Si mo­Tav­se­bu­
lia ga­dam­deb se­niT saa­vad­myo­fo. sas­wav­leb­lis ezo ki
ga­par­ta­xe­bu­lia. zo­gier­Ti Seug­ne­be­li pi­re­bi sar­geb­lo­
ben Sem­Txve­viT da sWrian sas­wav­leb­lis ezo­Si ga­Se­ne­bul
bam­bu­kis xeebs. sa­Wi­roa yu­rad­Re­ba miaq­cion am ga­re­moe­
bas da sa­meur­neo sas­wav­le­be­li Ta­vis si­maR­le­ze daa­ye­
non. gu­rias, ro­me­lic um­Tav­re­sad meur­neo­bas mis­devs,
Zlier sWir­de­ba ga­moc­di­li meur­nee­bi. ami­tom sa­Wi­roa am
sa­meur­neo sas­wav­le­bels me­ti yu­rad­Re­ba miaq­cion“.

aqau­ri.
`Sro­ma“, #36, 1919

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 ოზურგეთის ოლქი

ევროპის სოციალისტური
დელეგაცია საქართველოში

`lan­CxuT­Si. 27 seq­tem­be­ri. `sam­tre­dii­dan sa­gan­ge­bo

ma­ta­re­be­li di­la ad­rian ga­vi­da. ca mow­men­di­lia. mzia­
ni dRe xels Seuw­yobs gu­riis saer­To dRe­sas­wauls, mis
ga­nu­saz­Rvrel aR­frTo­va­ne­bas, mis tra­di­ciul re­vo­lu­
cio­nur ga­ta­ce­bas. `xval di­liT gu­ria­Si viq­ne­biT“ − am­
bob­da wi­na dRiT hau­man­si − xval vna­xavT gu­riis glex­
ka­co­bas, rom­lis moZ­rao­ba­ze ev­ro­pa­Sic gvsme­nia“. da
am mo­lo­din­Si, gu­riis nax­vis sur­vil­Si, yve­la­ni grZno­
ben, rom sa­qar­Tve­los te­ri­to­ria­ze mog­zau­ro­ba­Si gu­
ria Sei­ tans axal fur­ cels. ori kvi­ ris wi­naT pir­ ve­li
Sex­ved­ri­sas ba­Tom­Si da­ba­de­bul aR­ta­ce­bas gu­ria ki­dev
uf­ro gaz­rdis, is daag­vir­gvi­nebs Ta­vis Zvel ga­moc­dil
re­vo­lio­cio­nur brZo­la­Si ga­mo­We­dil xmiT mTe­li eris
saer­To ga­mo­Za­xils.
hau­man­si: `Cven ga­fa­ci­ce­biT vswav­lobT sa­qar­Tve­los
so­cial de­mok­ra­tiis brZo­lis me­To­debs, rom is Cven­Sic
ga­mo­vi­ye­noT. da ase mTe­li Za­lauf­le­ba xel­Si Ca­vig­doT.
bevrs SeiZ­le­ba go­nia, rom Cven­Si, ev­ro­pa­Si ga­Wir­ve­ba ar
iy­ves. ar ifiq­rebT, rom Cven­Si cxov­re­bis siZ­vi­re nak­le­
bi iy­ves, vid­re Tqven­Si. Tqven iciT, rom omis dros bel­
giis xal­xi mxo­lod sa­zo­ga­do dax­ma­re­biT cxov­rob­da. 4
wlis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si anad­gu­reb­dnen Cvens qve­ya­nas, im­pe­
ria­lis­tu­ri qus­le­bi sTe­lav­da xal­xis qo­ne­bas, ma­ra ro­
ca dam­yar­da za­vis pi­ro­be­bi da bel­giis xal­xi daub­run­da
Ta­vis ke­ras, Cven mo­viT­xo­veT mTav­ro­bis­gan, rom bel­giis
xalxs mo­na­wi­leo­ba mie­Ro Ta­vi­si qvey­nis mar­Tva-gam­geo­
ba­Si, Cven mo­viT­xo­veT mu­Sa­Ta mdgo­ma­reo­bis gaum­jo­be­se­

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ba, 8 saa­Tis sa­mu­Sao dRe, Sro­mis daz­Rve­va avaT­myo­fo­bis

da umu­Sev­ro­bis dros, Cven mo­viT­xo­veT swav­la-aR­zrdis
mo­no­po­liis mos­po­ba mdi­dar­Ta kla­se­bis­Tvis da rad­ga­
nac es yve­la­fe­ri did xar­jebs iT­xov­da, Cven mo­viT­xo­
veT, rom es xar­ je­ bi dae­fa­ra Cvens bur­ Jua­zias. da es
Seas­ru­la bel­giis mu­Sa­Ta klas­ma, ma­ra ama­ve dros es
mu­Sa­Ta kla­si mTe­li Ta­vi­si ener­giiT da Zal­Ro­niT awar­
moeb­da mu­Sao­bas dan­greu­li qvey­nis aR­sad­ge­naT da mis
nor­ma­lur pi­ro­beb­Si Ca­sa­ye­neb­laT. es Ses­Zlo Sro­mam,
dau­zog­vel­ma Sro­mam, ro­mel­sac awar­moeb­da mTe­li xal­
xi. da ro­ca vuc­qe­riT Cven Tqven brZo­las po­li­ti­kur
sfe­ro­Si, ro­ca viT­va­lis­wi­nebT im did ga­sa­Wirs, ro­me­
lic Tqven ga­mo­giv­liaT da Ta­vi­dan agic­de­niaT da­Rup­va,
Cven Rrmad gvwams, rom es Tqve­ni re­vo­lu­cio­nu­ri ni­Wi
ga­mo­ye­ne­bu­li iq­ne­ba eko­no­miu­raT daq­vei­Te­bul da omis
mier dan­greul qvey­nis aR­sad­ge­naT da asa­Ror­Zi­neb­laT.
da Tu Tqven­gan un­da vis­wav­loT Cven po­li­ti­kur uf­
le­be­bis mo­po­ve­ba, sa­ma­gie­roT Cven­gan gWir­de­baT Tqven
eko­no­miur cxov­re­bis aR­dge­nis swav­le­ba da am fron­tze
di­di Za­le­biT ie­ri­Sis mi­ta­na, rom Ta­vi­su­fal sa­qar­Tve­
los na­vi sam­Svi­do­bos gaiy­va­noT“.

`er­To­ba“, #224, 1920

112
 ოზურგეთის ოლქი

გურული
გალობა-სიმღერები

`Cven gvsurs mkiT­xve­lis yu­rad­Re­ba mi­vaq­cioT im

did erov­nul saq­mis ke­Te­bas, ro­mel­sac ewe­va lan­Cxu­
Tis qa­la­qis gam­geo­ba da gan­sa­kuT­re­biT qa­la­qis mou­
ra­vi pa­tiv­ce­mu­li Sa­ra­Se­ni­Ze. mi­si Taos­no­biT mow­veul
iq­na qa­la­qis sko­leb­Si gu­ru­li sim­Re­re­bis mas­wav­leb­
laT cno­bi­li mcod­ne gu­ru­li sim­Re­re­bi­sa pat. sa­muel
Cav­leiS­vi­li. ro­gorc vi­ciT, gu­ru­li sim­Re­re­bi no­teb­
ze ar aris ga­da­Re­bu­li. ram­de­na­Tac es mo­sa­xer­xe­be­li,
− es kom­po­zi­to­re­bis saq­mea. rom Ca­mo­mav­lo­bas dar­Ces
es sim­Re­re­bi, ami­saT­vis sa­Wi­roa mi­si gav­rce­le­ba Zve­li
mom­Rer­le­bis wya­lo­biT. amas am­tki­ceb­da qa­la­qis mou­
ra­vi. un­da va­Ria­roT, rom pi­ra­daT me, ro­gorc ax­lo
mdgo­mi qa­la­qis saq­meeb­Tan, wi­naaR­mde­gi vi­ya­vi amis im
mo­saz­re­biT, rom axal­gaz­rda qa­laqs, rom­lis fi­nan­
siu­ri mdgo­ma­reo­ba sus­tia, ar SeuZ­lia am saq­mis gaZ­
Ro­la-Tqo. mag­ram qa­la­qis mou­rav­ma Ta­vi­si gai­ta­na da
mar­Tlac sa­muel Cav­leiS­vi­lis aTi Tvis mu­Sao­bas di­
di na­yo­fi ga­mou­Ria. Sem­Txve­va gvqon­da mog­ves­mi­na is
7 seq­tem­bers qa­la­qis moe­dan­ze. sxva­Ta So­ris sim­Re­ras
daes­wro Cve­ni eris be­la­di noe ni­ko­lo­zis Ze Jor­da­nia.
mSve­niv­raT mRe­rian pa­ta­ra ymaw­vi­le­bi. ag­reT­ve Seu­wav­
le­biaT mo­wa­fe­TaT­vis Zve­li gu­ru­li cek­va: fer­xu­li da
xo­ru­mi, ro­mel­sac ex­la gu­ria­Si ar cek­va­ven. es cek­va
dar­Ce­ni­la mxo­lod aWa­ra­Si. Cav­leiS­vi­lis gun­di ax­lo
xan­Si api­rebs sa­qar­Tve­los Se­mov­las. is es­tum­re­ba ag­
reT­ve Cvens de­da­qa­laq­sac. vfiq­rob, am saq­mes dax­ma­re­
bas gau­wevs sa­qar­Tve­los mTav­ro­ba. maT hsurT va­go­ni

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ufa­soT an yo­vel Sem­Txve­va­Si Se­Ra­va­Tian fa­seb­Si dauT­

mon. vu­sur­veb am saq­mis dam­wyebT da xel­mZRva­nelT na­
yo­fier mu­Sao­bas“.
ko­te
`er­To­ba“, #229, 1920

* * *

` − ozur­geT­Si gaix­sna sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­ti gvar­

diel-ja­ris­kac­Ta uni­ver­si­te­tis Se­no­ba­Si, sis­te­ma­tiu­
raT xde­ba leq­cie­bis kiT­xva: kiT­xu­lo­ben ad­gi­lob­ri­vi
mo­wi­na­ve Za­le­bi qar­Tu­li Zve­li da axa­li li­te­ra­tu­ri­
dan, msof­lio da sa­qar­Tve­los is­to­rii­dan, bu­ne­bis met­
yve­le­bi­dan, po­li­ti­ku­ri eko­no­mii­dan da sxva. msme­ne­le­bi
bev­ria“.
` − amas wi­naT ar­Ceu­li dra­ma­tu­li sa­zo­ga­doe­bis gam­
geo­ba et­yo­ba ener­giu­laT Seud­ga mu­Sao­bas. gam­geo­bam
moiw­via re­Ji­so­raT msax. Ji­vi­Ze da ag­reT­ve sa­mu­SaoT msa­
xio­bi qa­li aba­za­Ze: se­zo­ni gaix­sna Sa­baTs, − 6 noem­bers
ca­ga­re­lis cno­bi­li pie­siT `xa­nu­ma“-Ti, ro­mel­Siac mo­
na­wi­leo­ba mii­Ro sa­gan­ge­boT mow­veul­ma dam­sa­xu­re­bul­ma
msa­xiob­ma el. Cer­qe­ziS­vil­ma. meo­re dRes war­mod­ge­ni­li
iq­na `jer dai­xoc­nen, me­re iqor­wi­nes“ da `de­dis er­Ta“.
or­Ta­ve war­mod­ge­na Se­sa­niS­na­vaT Ca­tar­da.
gam­geo­bas dad­ge­ni­li aqvs sis­te­ma­tiu­ri xa­sia­Ti mis­ces
war­mod­ge­nis mar­Tvas. am miz­niT man qa­la­qis gam­geo­bi­dan
ai­Ro Teat­ri da Seud­ga mis Se­ke­Te­bas, rac 300,000 ma­ne­Ti
uj­de­ba“.
`er­To­ba“, #263, 1920

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 ონის ოლქი

რაჭა-ლეჩხუმი

`ro­gorc uka­nas­knel cno­be­bi­dan sCans, am or maz­ra­Si

anar­qiis lik­vi­da­ciis da ad­mi­nis­tra­ciul apa­ra­tis mow­
yo­bis Sem­deg iq daw­ye­bu­la ener­giu­li mu­Sao­ba ero­bis
saC­qa­rod Se­mo­sa­Re­bad. ra­Wis maz­ra­Si wi­nas­wa­ri sa­mu­Sao
TiT­qmis ga­Ta­ve­bu­la da ax­lo mo­ma­val­Si Se­saZ­le­be­lia ar­
Cev­ne­bis daw­ye­ba. leC­xu­mis maz­ra­Si mu­Sao­bas afer­xebs in­
te­li­gen­tur Za­le­bis sim­ci­re. am mxriT mTa­va­ri in­struq­
to­ris­gan mi­Re­bu­lia zo­me­bi im sa­xiT, rom uka­nas­knel­ma
mi­mar­Ta Txov­niT qu­Tai­sis sae­ro­bo ko­mi­sias, gaug­zav­nos
leC­xum­Si mom­za­de­bu­li in­struq­to­ri“.

`sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #218, 1918

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

პროვინციის ცხოვრება
ლაშხეთის საზოგადოება

`po­li­ti­ku­rad mom­wi­fe­bu­li kuT­xe Tu ki sad­me ar­se­

bobs, es laS­xe­Tis sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­ze­dac iT­qmis. aq Ta­vi­dan­ve
Cven par­tiul am­xa­na­gebs ar dau­sus­te­biaT ideu­ri brZo­
la sxva Cven mo­pir­da­pi­re par­tieb­Tan. aR­niS­nul sa­zo­
ga­doe­ba­Si mo­wi­naaR­mde­ge par­tie­bis na­sa­xic aRar aris.
mu­yaiT­ma Sro­mam par. amx. di­di sim­pa­tia moi­po­va far­To
ma­sa­Si da Seq­mna Zlie­ri or­ga­ni­za­cia, rac dam. kre­bis ar­
Cevn. daet­yo. ar­Cev­ne­bi am sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­Si sauc­xo­voT Ca­
tar­da. mTel sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­Si 1600 mde amom­rCe­ve­li iT­
vle­bo­da, aqe­dan 1558 mde ga­moc­xad­da yuT­Tan da mii­Res
mo­na­wi­leo­ba“.
`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #52, 1919

ნიკორწმინდის საზოგადოება
(რაჭა)
`ra­Wa mi­viw­ye­bu­li kuT­xea, ami­tom au­ta­nel da cud pi­
ro­beb­Si gvix­de­ba cxov­re­ba. yve­la­fers mok­le­bu­li varT.
mi­wis si­viw­ro­ves Zlier gan­vic­diT, Cven­Tvis ar aris ri­
gia­ni gze­bi, sko­le­bi, bib-sam­kiT­xve­lo, fos­ta-te­leg­ra­
fi, af­ Tia­qi, saa­ vad­
myo­
foe­ bi, rac gvaqvs, isic ara dgas
sa­sur­vel nia­dag­ze da mcxov­rebT ver ak­ma­yo­fi­lebs. eqi­

116
 ონის ოლქი

mo­bas mok­le­bul­ni varT, xal­xi did ga­Wir­ve­ba­Sia Ca­var­

dni­li sxva­das­xva ga­dam­deb se­niT. ase­Tia saer­Tod Cve­ni
mdgo­ma­reo­ba. mag­ram vin aq­cevs amas yu­rad­Re­bas?“

mu­Sa alio­Sa
`er­To­ba“, #113, 1919

ჩვენი მხარე.

`ra­Wa. re­vo­lu­cia, kon­tre­vo­lu­cia, anar­qia, rbe­

va, xoc­va-Jlet­va, ga­ze­Te­bi, uT­va­la­vi am­be­bi, saer­Tod
mRel­va­re­ba, cxov­re­ba qa­la­qi­sa da tra­Ri­ku­li ga­re­moe­ba
qvey­ne­bi­sa au­ta­ne­li Seiq­mna da da­sam­Svi­deb­laT Cems mxa­
re­sa­ken ga­ve­mar­Te co­ta xans Se­sas­ve­neb­lad. `dai­lo­ca
Cve­ni ra­Wao“ tyui­lad ki ar uT­qvams raW­vels raW­ve­lis­
Tvis, ro­de­sac na­qe­ra­las mTi­dan ga­dau­xe­davT ra­Wi­sa­ken;
sauc­xo­vo bu­ne­ba ra­Wi­sa da­mam­Svi­de­be­lia da aR­ta­ce­ba­
Si mom­yva­ni. sia­miT sun­Tqav aq: suf­Ta hae­ri Ta­vis sim­
Ca­ti­Ta da mSve­nie­re­biT, TiT­qo wa­ma­li­viT aqar­wylebs
su­lier­sa da fi­zi­kur daR­li­lo­bas. mi­veC­qa­re­bo­di Ce­mi
myud­ro sof­li­sa­ken, gza­Si vfiq­rob­di: ram­de­ni axa­li am­
ba­vi meq­ne­ba ga­sa­zia­re­be­li Cem cno­bis moy­va­re me­zob­le­
bis­Tvis. Ta­vi­suf­le­bis pir­ve­li ma­xa­ro­be­li xom me vi­ya­
vi maT­Tvis! Tval-win war­mo­mid­ga gab­rwyi­ne­bu­li sa­xee­bi
Ce­mi sof­lis mSro­me­li me­zob­le­bi­sa, ro­mel­nic xar­baT
mis­men­dnen ima­ze, Tu ro­gor sis­wra­fiT daem­xo tax­ti
mtar­val­Ta da ro­gor sis­wra­fiT Caig­do xel­Si Za­la-uf­
le­ba mSro­mel­ma xal­xma. au­we­re­li si­xa­ru­liT ga­va­ke­TeT

117
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ma­Sin wi­Te­li dro­Sa da dau­viw­yar mSve­nie­re­biT avaf­

ria­leT sof­lis sko­lis sa­xu­rav­ze; sko­lis ga­la­van­Si ki
Tav­moy­ri­li mTe­li so­fe­li pir­naT­lad hfi­cav­dnen re­
vo­lu­cias, rom mas Ta­vis dRe­Si ar uRa­la­teb­dnen. di­de­
bu­li iyo ma­Sin Cem­Tvis es su­ra­Ti, rad­gan Cve­ni xal­xis
Za­la mwam­da. Tval­win mid­ga re­vo­lu­ciis ime­de­bi, xal­xis
ga­nax­le­bi­sa, ga­naT­le­bi­sa da aRor­Zi­ne­bi­sa da am ime­de­
biT Tav­da­viw­ye­bu­li gu­liT da su­liT vzei­mob­di.
ga­vi­da dro, me mas Sem­deg Cve­ni so­fe­li aRar mi­na­xavs.
bev­ri ram mwa­re vi­ge­me, re­vo­lu­ciis ime­de­bi mih­qrnen da
ra­Ra miu­ta­no ax­la Cems so­fels sa­si­xa­ru­loT. alis­fer
dro­Sas ga­moi­ta­nen da­WuW­vnils, me ena da­meb­mis da uxa­
li­sod gau­zia­reb maT imas, Tu ra mox­da re­vo­lu­ciis
pir­ve­li dRee­bis Sem­deg: ase war­mo­vid­gi­ne Ce­mi ax­lan­
de­li ga­mos­vla Cems so­fel­Si, mag­ram war­mod­ge­na war­
mod­ge­naa da si­nam­dvi­lem ki ga­daa­War­ba. so­fels si­min­dis
uqon­lo­ba awu­xebs, Sim­Si­lo­bis aC­rdi­li Tavs dah­far­fa­
tebs da mos­ve­ne­bas ar aZ­levs xalxs. re­vo­liu­cio­nu­ri
sit­yve­bi­saT­vis aRa­ra­vis sca­lia. aR­dgo­mis li­ta­niaa,
sa­saf­laoeb­ze lap­la­po­ben san­Tle­bi, maT Suq­ze mos­Cans
sa­kur­Txe­bi, Zve­le­bu­ri, pi­tiu­ri, msu­na­gi mRvdel-dia­
ko­ni siC­qa­riT ix­dian pa­naS­vi­debs da ala­ge­ben xur­jin­Si
mSie­ris pur­sa da wi­Tel kver­cxebs.
esec Se­ni aR­dgo­ma, oh ro­dis, ro­dis iq­mnes mar­Tla
aR­dgo­ma Cve­ni xal­xi­sa, ro­dis ga­mar­Tldes, re­vo­liu­
ciav, Se­ ni ime­de­bi. me min­ da xalxs vuT­ xra, rom es aR­
dgo­ma aR­dgo­ma araa. min­da mo­va­go­no maT re­vo­lu­ciis
pir­ve­li brwyin­va­le dRee­bi, wi­Te­li dro­Sa, gza da­sa­xu­
li ga­nax­le­bi­sa­ken, mag­ram amis­Tvis TiT­qo ax­la aRa­ra­vis
sca­lia da uS­no xum­ro­biT si­cil xar­xa­riT mec­le­bian
gar­Se­mo. is­mis umiz­no sro­la re­vo­lu­ciis me­saf­la­vee­bi­
sa da vfiq­rob, ima­Tac udevT wi­li am bo­ro­te­ba­Si, vinc

118
 ონის ოლქი

amaT To­fe­bi da aua­re­be­li tyvia-wa­ma­li aq ga­moa­ta­na.

mTe­li kvi­ra ga­dis, ga­ze­Ti aRar mi­na­xavs. sof­lis sa­
Te­mo­ze Tav­moy­ril xal­xSi vi­Rac am­tki­cebs, rom Cven­ma
sam­Rvde­loe­bam Ca­moag­do ru­si eg­zar­xo­si, ru­seTs ga­mo­
ve­ya­vi­To. ru­se­Ti dag­vsji­so da vin icis ki­dev ram­den
mi­zezs ar asa­xe­lebs. bol­Se­vi­ki sal­da­Ti me­la­pa­ra­ke­
ba, rom ba­To­mis da­sa­ca­vad ra­Wi­dan raz­mi mzad iyo. am
razms az­rad hqon­da Tur­me jer qu­Tai­sis das­ja, rad­ga­
nac ia­ra­Ri ah­ya­res pa­tio­san ja­ris-ka­cebs da me­re ba­
Toms da­vi­cav­di­To. gu­li tyui­lad nu get­ki­ne­baT, la­pa­
raks tyui­la ine­bebT, si­mar­Tles aq ga­sa­va­li aRar aqvs.
Cven ukeT vi­ciT yve­la­fe­ri, Tqven dag­vRu­pe­To da bevrs
ase­Tebs Se­mo­ga­Za­xe­ben Tu xma amoi­Re.
dam­Svi­de­bi­sa da das­ve­ne­bis nac­vlad, ra­Wam gu­li uf­
ro ami­du­Ra da mous­ve­nar tan­jvas mim­ca. uxa­li­so dRee­
bi sau­ku­noe­baT ga­daiq­ca. am iS­viaT dros aq si­Cu­mea da
ar­siT Za­xi­li. uga­ze­To­ba, unu­ge­So­ba da sa­ziz­Ra­ri xSi­ri
lo­To­ba, ai ra stan­javs aq ada­mians“.

g. mes­xi
`xal­xis me­go­ba­ri“, #164, 1918

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

რაჭის ხმა

`es er­ Ti xa­nia, rac ra­ Wa­

ze cru yal­ bi cno­ be­
bi ibeW­
de­ba ga­zeT `er­To­ba­Si“, vi­Tom da ra­Was Ta­vis Ca­mor­Ce­ni­
lo­bis ga­mo re­vo­lu­ciis­Tvis eRa­lat­nos, vi­Tom da igic
ga­bal­Se­vik­da da sxva ase­Ti... mag­ram ra­Wa­Si ara­vi­Ta­ri
ami­si mzgav­ si saq­
me ar mom­ xda­ra, Tu mar­ to imas ar mi­
vi­RebT mxed­ve­lo­ba­Si, rom iq gzad gaia­ra a. ge­geW­ko­ris
me­Tau­ro­biT eg­red wo­de­bul bal­Se­vi­ke­bis raz­mma, ro­me­
lic kav­ka­vis gziT du­SeT­Si meb­rZol bol­Se­vi­keb­Tan Se­
saer­Teb­lad mi­dio­da. maS ro­de­sac es asea, raT sWir­de­ba
an `er­To­bis“ ko­res­pon­dents ase­Ti cru am­be­bis SeT­xzva
da an ki­dev `er­To­bas“ mi­si da­beW­dva?
saw­ye­ni da ara sa­sia­mov­noa is, rom daum­sa­xu­reb­lad da
ara kuT­vneu­lad wam­da uwum ga­Za­geb­des vin­me kacs da ga­
wer­des iseT moq­me­de­bas, rac ar Ca­gi­de­nia. raW­ve­li xal­
xi mu­dam da yo­vel­Tvis si­din­jiT da Sor­smWvre­te­lo­biT
na­qe­bia ise, rom igi ia­fad da ad­vi­lad ara­vis fe­xis xmas
ar ah­yo­lia da arc gah­yve­ba da kar­gi iq­ne­ba xse­ne­bu­li
ga­ze­Ti da mi­si cru ko­res­pon­den­ti ara­nor­ma­lur mdgo­
ma­reo­bi­dan ga­mo­vi­do­des.
Tu ara mar­to gu­riis xot­ba-qe­biT da sxva ase­TiT sa­
qar­Tve­los ver aay­va­ve­ben.. me aq am sit­yvas imi­tom vxma­
rob ase, rom ga­zeT `er­To­ba“ da mi­si ko­res­pon­den­te­bi
ekuT­ vnis Tu ar ekuT­ vnis mu­ dam da yo­vel­Tvis sul gu­
riis qe­ba-di­de­ba­Si arian da sxva kuT­xe-mxa­reebs pa­ta­ra
ra­me saq­mis­Tvis am­ci­re­ben, ris ga­mo­Tac maT kar­ga xa­nia
rac kuT­xu­ri pat­rio­te­bi ewo­de­baT. amas adas­tu­rebs ase
uf­ro ki­dev is mov­le­na, rom gu­ria­Si ra­Rac pa­ta­ra am­ba­vi
rom mox­des Tun­dac sad­Rac tye­Si, SaS­vma rom gaa­fa­Cu­

120
 ონის ოლქი

nos, xe­lad ga­zeT­Si moaq­ce­ven maT saR­mer­Teb­lad da ra­

Wis da sxva mxa­ree­bis am­bavs aras­dros ar da­beW­da­ven Tu
ki ram sa­qe­bi da mo­sa­wo­ni iq­mna. xo­lo sa­Ta­ki­lo cu­di Tu
ra­me gai­ges, imas ki uc­baT ga­moac­xa­de­ben da tyui­li iq­ne­
ba es Tu mar­Ta­li amas ar da­gi­de­ven.
ma­ga­li­Tad, ise ro­gorc am ori sa­mi kvi­ris gan­mav­lo­
ba­Si sam­jer ga­moac­xa­des, tyvi­laT da cruT, rom ra­Wa Ca­
mor­Ce­ni­li mxa­rea da ami­tom yve­la ga­bal­Se­vik­dao da sxva
ase­Ti... yve­la­fers, rom Ta­vi ga­va­ne­boT, es ube­dur­ni imas
Tvi­Ton hqmnian Za­lis Za­laT, ra­sac ase uf­rTxian da ri­
sac sul er­Ta­vad eSi­niaT, ese igi bal­Se­vi­ko­bis. Tvi­Ton
qmnian imiT, rom xse­ne­bul mxa­re­Si anu ra­Wa­Si bal­Se­vi­ke­bi
TiT­qmis sul ar moi­po­ve­ba, mag­ram miu­xe­da­vad ami­sa, mas
bal­Se­vi­kur mxa­reT ac­xa­de­ben. an da bal­Se­vi­ko­ba iq­ne­ba
is hgo­niaT am cod­vis­Svi­lebs, rom mTe­li raW­ve­li xal­
xi ya­CaR-mZar­cve­lebs kri­Wa­Si ud­gia SeZ­le­bis­dag­va­rad da
ar­sad ar aWa­Wa­ne­ben maT ax­lo-max­lo­Si. amis ma­ga­li­Tad
aq imas mo­viy­van, rom amas wi­naT or­moc­da aT kac­ze me­ti
sva­ne­bis raz­mi bal­Se­vi­ke­bis sa­xiT Tavs daes­xa ra­Wis sof­
lebs da sxva­das­xva da­we­se­bu­le­bebs ga­sa­Zar­cvad, mag­ram
yve­las be­di aw­yev­li­nes raW­ve­leb­ma ise, rom zo­gi sa­sik­
vdi­lod das­Wres, zo­gi Seip­yres da na­Zar­cvi sa­qo­ne­lic
daa­to­ve­bi­nes. amis sa­wi­naaR­mde­goT Tu vin­me imas it­yvis,
rom ge­geW­ko­ris raz­mi raT SeuS­ves ra­Wa­Sio, ama­ze mo­vax­
se­neb mas, rom Za­la aR­marTs xnavs! Za­liT ger­ma­ne­leb­ma
la­ mis mTe­ li ev­
ro­pa da azia daip­ yran, mag­ram maT mier
dap­yro­bil qvey­ne­bis mcxov­reb xalxs Ta­vis Ta­vis mtre­
baT da sxva ase­TaT ver ga­mo­vac­xa­debT. an da ki­dev ro­
gorc ge­geW­ko­ris raz­mi ra­Wa­Si Se­vi­da, ase os­ma­los raz­
me­bi jer ba­Tom­Si − da Sem­deg ozur­geT­sac ew­vien, mag­ram
gu­ru­le­bis gaos­ma­le­ba da sxva ase­Ti ara­vis ar ga­mouc­xa­
de­bia gaz. `er­To­ba­Si“.

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ra­Wa rom iseT mdgo­ma­reo­ba­Si iyo rki­nis gze­biT, ax­

lo qa­la­qe­biT da sxva ase­Te­biT, ro­gorc rom gu­ria aris
dRes, ma­Sin vna­xav­diT Tu vin iq­ne­bo­da raW­ve­le­bi!
da­gar­wmu­nebT, rom aT­jer maR­la mdgo­mi iq­ne­bod­nen
Seg­ne­biT da swav­la-ga­naT­le­biT gu­ru­leb­ze. yo­ve­li­ve
amis Sem­ deg uka­nas­kne­
lad erTs vit­ yvi, rom ga­ zeT `er­
To­bam“ da mis­ma ko­res­pon­den­teb­ma sjo­bia, rom me­ti Sor­
smWvre­te­lo­ba ga­moi­Ci­non ise, rom vi­sac ra ar ekuT­vnis,
imas iseT ra­mes nu Ses­Ta­va­ze­ben.
Zirs si­yal­be!
gau­mar­jos sis­wo­res!“

`xal­xis me­go­ba­ri“, #164, 1918

წერილი რაჭიდან.

`Zvel da­xav­se­buls da cbier mTav­ro­bas ro­gorc ra­

Wa-leC­xu­mi ise sva­ne­Tic ma­Sin ga­vax­se­ne­bo­diT, ro­de­sac
ga­da­sa­xa­de­bi­sa da axal ja­ris-ka­ce­bis mok­re­fa das­Wir­de­
bo­da − Tu ara ua­mi­sod Cven mRvTis ana­ba­rad vi­ya­viT maT
mier mi­to­ve­bu­li. ise, rom igi Cven­Tvis ara­fer sa­ke­Ti­lo
saq­mes ar fiq­rob­da. dRes ki Cven axa­li sa­xal­xo mTav­ro­ba
gvyavs da yve­la Cven­ga­ni ve­lo­de­biT, rom Cvens wylulT
da ia­rebs ra­me wa­ma­li daed­vas.
Cven dRes ara gvaqvs sak­mao mi­we­bi, ara gvaqvs ag­reT­ve
mi­wis Se­sa­fe­ri da­ma­mu­Sa­ve­be­li ia­ra­Re­bi, ar gvi­var­ga gze­
bi da vin mos­Tvlis ki­dev ram­de­ni ram au­ci­le­be­li ra­me

122
 ონის ოლქი

ar gvak­lia? ma­ga­li­Tad, ro­go­ric aris sas­wav­le­be­li, sam­

kur­na­lo da sxva ase­Te­bi, mag­ram saS­ve­li ar­sai­dan sCans.
ki mar­Ta­lia, er­Tba­SaT da uc­baT ar­sad ara­fe­ri ar ga­ke­
Te­bu­la ara­vis­gan, mag­ram saq­mis daw­ye­ba mainc un­da xde­
bo­des erT ro­me­li­me dar­gSi, rac ase au­ci­le­be­lia Cven­
Tvis. it­yvian, rom jer re­vo­lu­cia ar das­ru­le­bu­la,
jer Cven sa­Sua­le­ba ar gvaqvs ase­Ti saq­mee­bis daw­ye­bi­so
da sxva, mag­ ram ase­ Ti Tqma ar iq­ ne­
ba mTlad mar­ Ta­li
imi­tom, rom SeuZ­le­be­li qve­ya­na­ze ara­fe­ri ar aris, Tu
kac­ma amis una­ri da ener­gia ga­moi­Ci­na. Cven Zve­li mTav­
ro­bis mos­po­ba da ax­lis Seq­mna imi­tom gve­sia­mov­na da
imi­tom vib­rZo­leT, rom ra­me axa­li sa­Sua­le­ba aR­mog­vCe­
no­da Cve­ni mZi­me cxov­re­bis Se­sam­su­bu­qeb­lad, nam­dvi­lad
ki jer ase­ Ti ram Cven­ Si ar mom­ xda­ra axa­li mTav­ ro­ bis
mier da es saq­me ki, sis­wo­re un­da sTqvas kac­ma, did uk­
ma­yo­fi­le­bas da arev-da­re­vas iw­vevs yo­vel­gan saer­Tod.
yo­ve­li­ve amis mi­ze­zi Cve­ni Rrma rwme­niT is un­da
iyos, rom Cvens dRe­van­del mmar­Tve­lebs Tu ara da yve­
las, um­rav­le­so­bas mainc ar Ses­wevs ni­Wi da ga­moc­di­le­
ba imis, rom ram­de­na­dac Se­saZ­le­be­lia saC­qa­roT moax­
di­nos yo­vel­gva­ri cvli­le­ba Cvens cxov­re­ba­Si. diax, ar
Ses­wevT da kar­gi iq­ne­bo­da, rom aseT pirs TviT gaa­ne­be­
bi­na Ta­vi im mZi­me mo­va­leo­bis­Tvis, rom­lis as­ru­le­ba mas
ar SeuZ­lia da imis ma­giv­rad ki sxva vin­me ga­moC­nde­bo­da
da saq­me­sac gaa­ke­Teb­da.
ara­vin sTqvas Tu Cven qar­ Tve­lebs Rir­ seu­
li da ni­
Wie­ri ada­mia­ne­bi ar gvyav­des Cve­ni sa­xel­mwi­foeb­ri­vi
mmar­Tve­lo­bis­Tvis, mag­ram maT dRes ara­vin ara­fers ar
hkiT­xavs. Cven aq gvet­yvian, rom air­CieT ase­Ti pi­re­bio
da sxva... mag­ram Cven­da sam­wu­xa­rod ar­Cev­ne­bis dro yo­
vel­Tvis ro­de­sac gin­da ar iniS­ne­ba Cven­Si Cvens ne­ba­ze
da ki­dec rom iniS­ne­bo­des, ise­Ti sis­te­miT da agi­ta­cia

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

pro­pa­gan­dis ga­we­viT xde­ba, rom sa­Sua­le­bas ara­vin mog­

cems, rom is air­Cio vinc Sen gin­da da vinc qvey­nis saq­mes
sa­RaT da kar­gad awar­moebs. aq am dros yve­la par­tiu­li
in­te­re­se­biT moq­me­debs da upar­tio kacs ara­vin ar air­
Cevs Tun­da is ge­nio­si iyos sa­xal­xo sa­xel­mwi­fo saq­mee­
bis mmar­Tve­lo­bis­Tvis. ada­mia­ne­bo, gve­yo am­de­ni gau­geb­
ro­ba da si­Ca­Ca­na­ke, droa, rom sa­Ri gziT da Sor­smWvre­
te­lo­biT via­roT yve­lam, Tu ara sad­Rac uf­skrul­Si
ga­dai­Ce­xe­biT yve­la. droa, rom Cven­ma axal­ma mTav­ro­bam
axa­li ram sa­sar­geb­lo gviC­ve­nos yve­las.
ar kma­ra mar­to wo­de­bis gauq­me­ba da mi­wis sa­kiT­xe­
bis­Tvis dek­re­te­bis ga­mo­ce­ma. sa­Wi­roa yve­la­fe­ri dau­
yov­neb­liv ga­tar­des cxov­re­ba­Si, rac ki sa­sar­geb­lo da
au­ci­le­be­lia da arev-da­re­va da sis­xlis Rvrac aRar iq­
ne­ba“.
qve­mo raW­ve­li gle­xi
`Sro­ma“, #17, 1919

124
 სენაკის ოლქი

გეზათი (აბაშა)

`11 maiss mox­da ma­siu­ri kre­ba. kre­bas daes­wro di­di

ume­te­so­ba mcxov­reb­le­bi­sa. Tav. air­Cies g. ka­lan­da­Ze,
ro­mel­mac ila­pa­ra­ka mo­men­tze da xalxs aux­sna ru­seT­Tan
Ca­mo­So­re­bis au­ci­leb­lo­ba. Se­kiT­xve­bis Sem­deg er­Txmad
mi­Re­bu­li iq­na Sem­de­gi re­zo­lu­cia: mo­vis­mi­neT ra mox­
se­ne­ba dRe­van­del mdgo­ma­reo­ba­ze da amier­kav­ka­siis sei­
mis mier da­mou­ki­deb­laT ga­moc­xa­de­bis Se­sa­xeb, Cven mxars
vu­WerT amier­kav­ka­siis da­mou­ki­deb­lo­bas da vcdi­lobT
yo­vel­gvar pro­vo­ka­ciul ga­mos­vlebs Se­sa­fe­ri­si pa­su­xi
gav­ceT. Sem­deg kre­bam gaar­kvia ad­gi­lob­ri­vi koo­pe­ra­ti­
vis saq­mee­bi, da Ta­nax­maT gam­geo­bis wev­re­bis Txov­ni­sa,
gam­geo­bi­dan gaan­Ta­vi­suf­les 3 ka­ci. isi­ni mTe­li wlis
ga­nam­vlo­ba­Si ufa­soT msa­xu­reb­den da mas­Tan saq­mi­sad­
mi er­Tgu­laT, ris­Tvi­sac mii­Res kre­bi­dan di­di mad­lo­ba;
maT ad­gil­ze ar­Ceu­li iq­na sa­mi axa­li gam­geo­bis wev­re­bi.
ia­ra­Ris ay­ra sa­sur­ve­laT dam­Tav­rda, xal­xma ara­vis ar
mis­ca ne­ba mTav­ro­bis gan­kar­gu­le­bis­Tvis wi­naaR­mde­go­ba
gae­wiaT.

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− di­di xa­nia aq ar­se­bobs sam­kiT­xve­lo egn. ni­noS­vi­

lis sa­xel­ze, mxo­lod sam­wu­xa­roT ki ad­gi­lob­riv Sko­lis
bux­ris Tav­ze na­xavT Ti­To oro­la Zvel ga­ze­Tebs Se­mow­
yo­bils, rac gam­geo­bis umoq­me­do­bas mie­we­re­ba. arc ise
Ra­ri­bia sam­kiT­xve­lo. gam­geo­bas vTxov mii­Ros zo­me­bi.
kar­gi xa­nia daar­sda sa­po­li­ti­ko sa­ma­ca­di­no wre. sam­
wu­xa­roT daar­se­ba qa­Ral­dze dar­Ca da dRi­dan mi­si daar­
se­bi­sa arc er­Ti dRe umoq­me­dia sxva da sxva mi­ze­ze­bis
ga­mo, dRes ki Se­saZ­le­be­lia ma­ca­di­no­ba! vTxov wris Tav­
mjdo­ma­res miaq­cios yu­rad­Re­ba da aa­mu­Saos mis gar­Se­mom­
dgo­mi wev­re­bi“.
− ge­za­Te­li gior­gi.
`so­cial de­mok­ra­ti“, #328, 1918

აბაშის რაიონი

`aba­Sis raion­Si sam­Rvde­loe­bam ga­fic­va ga­moac­xa­

da. ga­fic­vis mi­ze­zaT maT me­da­viT­ne­ni ga­mo­yavT da Tavs
ase imar­Tle­ben: `Cven sa­su­lie­ro pi­rebs ga­fic­va ar Seg­
vfe­ris da arc ara­so­des Ca­vi­denT aseT saq­mes, mag­ram,
ra vqnaT, `wyeu­li“ me­da­viT­ne­ni gag­ve­fic­nen da mar­tod
RvTis msa­xu­re­ba SeuZ­le­be­liao. mag­ram ra sa­Wi­roa aq
cod­ve­bis me­da­viT­neeb­ze aki­de­ba, ro­ca amis mi­ze­zi TviT
arian? zo­gier­Tma, ro­gorc vi­ciT, Tvi­Ton moi­sur­va am
ga­fi­cul xu­ces­Ta dak­ma­yo­fi­le­ba, mag­ram am uka­nas­kne­
leb­ma ua­ri ga­nac­xa­des Tur­me da moiT­xo­ves − ai­Zu­leT
mTav­ro­ba, rom xa­zi­ni­dan vkma­yo­fil­de­bo­de­To. am­nai­rad

126
 სენაკის ოლქი

maT surT xal­xi da mTav­ro­ba ga­da­ki­don er­Tma­neTs da

Sem­deg am mRvrie wyal­Si Tev­ze­bi iWi­ron, mag­ram, mad­lo­
ba RmerTs, xal­xi kai xa­nia daad­ga ga­mof­xiz­le­bis gzas
da kontr-re­vo­liu­cio­ne­reb­ma uk­ve da­kar­ges Cven­Si nia­
da­gi. sain­te­re­so iyo aq ama Tvis 10-s ga­fi­cul mRvdel­Ta
da me­da­viT­ne­Ta yri­lo­ba, ro­mel­sac maz­ris ko­mi­sa­ri d.
cxa­kaiac daes­wro da ro­mel­mac am ga­fi­cu­lebs mi­mar­Ta
mok­le, Si­naar­sia­ni sit­yviT. pir­ve­laT isi­ni ga­jiut­dnen
da med­grad icav­dnen ga­fic­vis gag­rZe­le­bas, mag­ram ro­
ca ko­mi­sa­ri cxa­kaia dae­muq­ra sas­ti­ki zo­me­biT, ga­fi­cul­
ni mol­ben da ga­nac­xa­des, rom Seud­ge­bian sam­sa­xurs da
dauc­dian saer­Tod sam­Rvde­loe­bis mdgo­ma­reo­bis `gaum­
jo­be­se­bis“ dRes“.
− gr. gle­xiS­vi­li.
`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #432, 1918

აბაშა (სამეგრელო)

`1 seq­tem­be­ri is­to­riu­li dRea aba­Sis raio­nis de­

mok­ra­tiis­Tvis. am dRes mom­xdar mTe­li raio­nis re­vo­
liu­cio­nur or­ga­ni­za­cia­Ta − gl. sab­Woe­bis, arm. ko­mi­
te­te­bis, ocis Ta­ve­bis, saad­gil­ma­mu­lo kom. war­mo­mad­
gen­le­bis yri­lo­ba­ze man er­Txel ki­dev daam­tki­ca, rom
igi er­Tgu­li dam­cve­lia re­vo­lu­cio­nur idee­bis. aba­Sas
ase­Ti din­ji, Wkvia­ni da saq­mia­ni da mra­val­ric­xo­va­ni
raio­nu­li yri­lo­ba ar ax­sovs re­vo­lu­ciis pir­vel dRee­
bis Sem­deg. ma­Sin­del da ax­lan­del de­le­ga­tebs er­Tnai­

127
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ri er­Tsu­lov­ne­ba, aR­ta­ce­ba da dak­vir­ve­ba axa­sia­Teb­da.

et­yo­ba anar­qiis qar­te­xils ga­mouf­xiz­le­bia am mo­wi­na­ve
raio­nis sof­lis mu­Se­bi. re­vo­lu­ciis pir­vel dReeb­Si aq
xa­rob­den ni­ko­lo­zis mTav­ro­bis dam­xo­bas; ax­la xa­ro­ben
bol­Se­vi­kur anar­qiis Caq­ro­bas. Ca­mo­su­lia 600-mdis de­
le­ga­te­bi. isi­ni kre­bis gax­snam­dis Sej­gu­fu­lad da­dian.
la­pa­ra­ko­ben mim­di­na­re kiT­xveb­ze. mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ni TviT
sof­lis mu­Se­bia. − ikur­Txos Cve­ni me­Tau­re­bis Wkua go­
ne­ba, rom isi­ni ar yo­fi­liy­vnen, Cven dRes TaT­re­bis
xel­Si viq­ne­bo­diT, Cve­ni oja­xe­bi awio­ke­bu­li iq­ne­bo­da,
iq­neb bev­ri Cven­ga­ni coc­xa­lic ar yo­fi­li­yo, − am­bo­ben
erT ala­gas: yve­la­ni kma­yo­fi­le­biT umow­me­ben mo­la­pa­ra­
kes. meo­re ala­gas la­pa­ra­kia bal­Se­vi­keb­ze. aba­Sis raio­
nis mSro­me­li gle­xo­ba yo­vel­Tvis al­ma­ce­rad uyu­reb­da
re­vo­lu­ciis am me­saf­la­veebs. dRes ama­Ti xse­ne­ba zizRs
iw­vevs yve­la­Si, sa­xe eRu­Se­ba yve­las bal­Se­vi­ke­bis xse­
ne­ba­ze. am dak­vir­ve­bul na­wils co­ta dar­cxve­niT umow­
me­ben moa­xal­gaz­rdo­nic, ese­ni − yo­fi­li ja­ris­ka­ce­bia.
uwin isi­ni bal­Se­vi­kob­dnen, mag­ram dRes dar­wmun­den,
rom bal­Se­vi­ke­bi saq­mis xal­xi araa, rom maT mxo­lod
ngre­va Ra SeuZ­liaT da Se­ne­bis una­ri arc aqvT, arc eq­
ne­baT. dRes ese­ni ar bal­Se­vi­ko­ben, isev na­cad re­vo­lu­
ciis gziT mi­dian. me­sa­me ala­gas la­pa­ra­kia sa­meg­re­los
anar­qia­ze. am­bo­ben: sa­mu­da­moT Seg­var­cxvi­nes gor­dis,
na­ra­ze­nis, kin­Cxas, abe­da­Tis da sxva zug­di­dis maz­ris
sof­le­bis na­Zi­ra­leb­ma; saq­me ise gaam­wva­ves, rom meg­re­
lis sa­xel­wo­de­ba sa­sir­cxo gag­vi­xa­de­so. de­le­ga­te­bi da­
ba­re­bu­li iy­ven di­lis 10 s. am dros mar­Tlac yve­la­ni
aq iy­ven. maT aR­frTo­va­ne­bul Ca­mos­vlas isic uw­yob­da
xels, rom am dRis­Tvis ve­lo­diT ir. we­re­Tels. ro­gorc
ga­vi­geT, ir. avaT gam­xda­ri­yo da ver gvew­via. ro­ca gai­
ges, de­le­ga­te­bi naw­ye­ni dar­Cen. kre­bas daes­wro Zve­li

128
 სენაკის ოლქი

mu­Sa­ki mux­ran xo­Wo­la­va. is sul sa­mi dRis Ca­mo­su­li iyo

ru­se­Ti­dan. dRis or saaT­ze aba­Sis soc.-dem. klub­Si amx.
bar­nab Zve­laia xsnis yri­lo­bas. Tav­mjdo­ma­reT ir­Ce­ven
amx. mux­ran xo­Wo­la­vas. Tav­mjdo­ma­re grZno­bier sit­yviT
mi­mar­Tavs yri­lo­bas da si­xa­ruls ga­mos­Tqvams, rom re­
vo­lu­ciis zo­gi mo­na­po­va­ri mainc Sei­nar­Cu­na Cven­ma de­
mok­ra­tiam.
mdi­va­ni a. ma­xa­ra­Ze kiT­xu­lobs dRis wes­rigs. mo­men­
tis Se­sa­xeb mox­se­ne­ba ir. we­re­Tels un­da gae­ke­Te­bi­na.
amx. va­so ga­di­lias wi­na­da­de­biT. am kiT­xvas­Tan da­kav­Si­
re­biT mox­se­ne­ba un­da gae­ke­Te­bi­na ru­se­Tis Se­sa­xeb amx.
m. xo­Wo­la­vas, rac man Seas­ru­la da bev­ri sain­te­re­so
cno­be­bi ga­das­ca yri­lo­bas. yri­lo­bis ga­sar­Ce­vi mTa­va­ri
kiT­xva iyo mi­wis sa­kiT­xi. am sa­kiT­xze mok­le mox­se­ne­bas
ake­Tebs a. an­ja­fa­ri­Ze. is ac­nobs yri­lo­bas, Tu ram­de­
ni de­sia­ti­na mi­wa iq­na Ca­mor­Tmeu­li me­ma­mu­leeb­ze mTel
maz­ra­Si. ro­go­ri yo­fi­la saad­gil­ma­mu­lo ko­mi­te­tis mu­
Sao­ba da ro­go­ri geg­ma aqvs mas mo­ma­val­Si. mTav­ro­bas
un­dao, am­bobs is, ga­mos­ces ka­no­ni mi­we­bis ga­na­wi­le­bis
Se­sa­xeb da mas ain­te­re­sebs am kiT­xva­ze TviT mi­wis mu­
Se­bis Se­xe­du­le­ba. Tqven­ma yri­lo­bam amis Se­sa­xeb un­da
ga­mos­Tqvas Ta­vi­si az­rio. yri­lo­bas ec­no­ba, Tu ro­go­ri
Se­xe­du­le­ba­ni ar­se­bo­ben ga­na­wi­le­bis Se­sa­xeb (ga­mos­yid­va
me­ma­mu­lee­bi­dan, mi­we­bis ga­das­vla adg. TviT­mar­Tve­lo­
bis xel­Si da mis­gan ija­riT aRe­ba, xel­mi­saw­vdom fa­seb­Si
ga­mos­yid­va, dem. mTav­ro­bis xa­zi­nis sa­sar­geb­loT mi­wis
ker­Zo sa­kuT­re­baT ga­das­vla da mi­wa­ze ker­Zo sa­kuT­re­
bis mos­po­ba). Tu ro­me­li par­tia ro­mel Se­xe­du­le­bas
icav­da, es ar iyo Tqmu­li, rom amas ar See­bo­Wa yri­lo­
bis az­rov­ne­ba. yri­lo­bas uT­xres: ai for­me­bi er­Txmad
am­tki­ceb­dnen, rom Cve­ni dem. resp. xa­zi­na usas­yid­loT
da­na­wi­le­ba uf­ro daa­za­ra­leb­so ma­so. er­Txma­daa dad­

129
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ge­ni­li, rom mi­we­bi xel­mi­saw­vdom fa­seb­Si da for­meb­Si

iq­nas da­ri­ge­bu­li. nor­ma wyde­ba oja­xis moT­xov­ni­le­bis
mi­xed­viT. yri­lo­ba ta­Sis ce­miT xvde­ba am dad­ge­ni­le­bas.
da­nar­Cen kiT­xvebs ar Se­xe­bia. yri­lo­ba gag­rZel­da saR.
7 saa­Tam­de.
sa­Ra­mos 7-s. mwyob­rad da kma­yo­fi­lad dai­Sa­la es yri­
lo­ba im da­pi­re­biT, rom sof­lad xels Seuw­yob­den aq ga­
ta­re­bul dad­ge­ni­le­bis ga­ta­re­bas“.
a. fan­ce­li.
`er­To­ba“, #194, 1918

* * *

`axal se­nak­Si daar­sda mar­qsist-mo­wa­fe­Ta or­ga­ni­za­

cia. jer-je­ro­biT wev­re­bi or­moc­da TuT­xmets aRe­ma­te­ba.
wre ga­yo­fi­lia sam jgu­fad − I wre­Si ec­no­bian li­te­ra­tu­
ras, II po­li­ti­kur eko­no­mias − bag­da­no­vi­sa, III is­to­riul
ma­te­ria­lizms, or­ga­ni­za­cias yavs Ta­vi­si war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li
meo­re saol­qo kon­fe­ren­cia­ze.
aq­ve ar­se­bobs li­te­ra­tu­ris wre Sem­dga­ri ad­gi­lob­riv
vaJ­Ta gim­na­ziis me-6 kla­sis mo­wa­fe­Ta ini­cia­ti­viT, ro­
me­lic scems na­beWd li­te­ra­tu­rul mxat­vrul Jur­nals
`oq­ros ver­Zi“. vTxovT yve­la am­xa­na­gebs dag­vex­ma­ron −
ro­gorc ideu­rad ise ma­te­ria­lu­rad. we­ri­le­bi da Se­mo­
wi­ru­le­ba­ni mii­Re­ba Sem­de­gi mi­sa­mar­TiT: q. se­na­ki. va­Ja
gim­na­ziis me-VI kl. mo­wa­fis p. ke­ke­lias“.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #45, 1919

130
 სენაკის ოლქი

* * *
`aba­Sa. am dReeb­Si sa­Zir­kve­li Cae­ya­ra aba­Sis mu­Sa­Ta
klubs. wel­ze me­tia, rac am saq­mis­Tvis mu­Sao­ben aba­Sis
raio­nis soc. dem. or­ga­ni­za­cie­bi. fiq­ro­ben, rom aqam­dis
daam­Tav­reb­dnen am saq­mes, mag­ram fu­lis kur­sis swraf­
ma da­ce­mam saq­mes me­tad av­no: Seg­ro­vi­li fu­li dRem­dis
ver Seiv­so im rao­de­no­bam­dis, rom Se­saZ­le­be­li yo­fi­li­yo
saq­mis daw­ye­ba“.
`er­To­ba“, #8, 1921

131
 სიღნაღის ოლქი

სიღნაღელ
მასწავლებელთა ხმა

`verc er­Ti maz­ris in­te­li­gen­cia ai­tan­da iseT uyu­

rad­Re­bo­bas da gul­gri­lo­bas, ro­go­ri saa­ra­ko Tav­Se­ka­ve­
bi­Tac iT­me­nen amas mTe­li siR­na­Ris maz­ris mo­sam­sa­xu­re­
ni da, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT, mas­wav­le­bel­ni. rom uka­nas­knel­ni
yvel­gan arian mi­viw­ye­bul-mi­to­ve­bul­ni da mzrun­ve­lo­
bas mok­le­bul­ni, ama­ze ara er­Txel Tqmu­la da da­we­ri­
la, mag­ram, rom xse­ne­bul maz­ris mas­wav­le­bel­Ta be­di ar
afiq­rebs arc mTav­ro­bas, arc, miT ume­tes, ad­gi­lob­riv
ero­bas da qa­la­qis TviT­mar­Tve­lo­bas, da ma­Ti be­di ki yve­
la­ze mwa­rea da au­ta­ne­li, esec mxo­lod Tvi­Ton ician.
ad­gi­lob­riv da­we­se­bu­le­ba­Ta maT­da­mi uyu­rad­Re­bo­ba da
in­di­fe­ren­to­ba xom yo­ve­li­ve saz­Rvars scil­de­ba, da war­
moid­gi­neT, masw. kav­Si­ris sa­wev­ro ga­da­sa­xa­dis ja­ma­gi­
re­bi­dan da­ka­ve­ba­ze­dac ki mtki­ce ua­riT upa­su­xes ad­gi­
lob­riv fi­lia­lis gam­geo­bis Txov­na­ze ero­bis ga­naT­le­bis
dar­gis gam­geeb­ma `ud­roo­bis ga­mo“.
ki­dev er­Ti ma­ga­li­Ti. ai, mii­Ro sa­maz­ro ero­bam mTav­

132
 სიღნაღის ოლქი

ro­bis gan­kar­gu­le­ba: `war­moad­gi­neT am­de­ni da am­de­ni

sur­sa­Ti cen­tris mu­Sa­Ta ma­gi­dis sa­Wi­roe­bi­saT­vis...“
(un­da mo­gax­se­noT, rom siR­naR­Si mu­Sa­Ta ma­gi­da ar ar­
se­bobs da mi­si fun­qcie­bis as­ru­le­ba da­va­le­bu­li aqvs
sa­maz­ro ero­bas). sa­mar­Tlia­nad un­da vsTqvaT, rom igi
ga­da­War­be­bu­lis gul­mod­gi­ne­biT em­sa­xu­re­ba tfi­li­sis
mo­sam­sa­xu­reT: mi­Re­bu­lia sas­wra­fo zo­me­bi sur­sa­Tis
dro­ze mi­saw­vde­nad. siR­na­Ris mas­wav­leb­lo­ba al­Ro­Ti
igebs, rom ero­bis saw­yo­be­bi iv­se­ba pu­riT da mie­Su­re­ba
Se­sat­yo­baT gam­geo­bi­sa­ken − xom ara­vin Seit­ki­va maT­Tvis
Ta­vi wa­Ta­ma­Se­bul­ni ga­naT­le­bis gan­yo­fi­le­bis gam­gis
say­ve­du­riT, rom `Tqven ara gvlan­ZRavT da ami­tom xarT
yo­ve­li­ves mok­le­bul­nio“, Ta­ma­mad moiT­xo­ven dax­ma­re­
bas, mag­ram amas mos­devs ama­yi, sas­ti­ki ua­ri yo­ve­li­ve
dax­ma­re­bis aR­mo­Ce­na­ze, rad­gan pu­ric da sxva sur­sa­Tic
mTav­ro­bi­saao.
dar­cxve­nil, amo­bue­bul mas­wav­le­belT aci­le­ben yo­
vel mxri­dan dam­ci­na­vi Tva­le­biT da isi­nic swyev­lian Ta­
vis beds, iq mos­ vlis saaTs da mieC­ qa­
re­bian Ta­ vianT ga­
yi­nul kun­Wu­le­bi­sa­ken, sa­dac yel­Si boR­ma mob­je­nil­ni,
ekiT­xe­bian Ta­vianT Tavs: `ri­Ti da­vim­sa­xu­reT ase­Ti dam­
ci­re­ba, da­cin­va, abu­Cad ag­de­ba?“
mag­ram, ai man er­Txel ki­dev sZlia sul­wa­su­lo­bas: mas
Tval­win dae­xa­ta sam­Sob­los dRe­van­de­li ga­Wir­ve­ba, mi­
si je­red gau­mag­re­be­li mker­di da am­Svi­debs Ta­vis Tavs.
mag­ram xom Se­saZ­le­be­lia cxvir­win ar aga­ca­lon da ar
wau­Ron uf­ro So­reuls; xom uf­ro sa­mar­Tlia­nia − na­wi­
li qi­ziy­Si ak­re­fil pu­ri­sa mox­mar­des TviT ad­gi­lob­riv
dam­Seul mas­wav­leb­lo­bas!
mag­ram ase ar fiq­ro­ben Cve­ni `mo­ke­Te­ni“, isi­ni ar uwe­
ven an­ga­riSs Cvens mwirs ja­ma­girs. ga­na war­mo­sad­ge­nia,
rom sru­liad araf­ris mqo­ne mas­wav­le­bel­ma 6000 ma­ne­TiT

133
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ic­xov­ros, ro­de­sac fu­Ti fqvi­li 4000 man. fa­sobs da sa­

Jen Se­Sas ero­ba `gviT­mobs“ 40,000 ma­ne­Tad.
ar SeiZ­le­ba iT­qvas, rom sru­liad da­viw­ye­bu­li vyvan­
deT Cve­ni qvey­nis ma­mebs. uad­gi­lo brZa­ne­be­biT da Se­
tuq­sva-Se­pan­Cu­re­biT me­tad ux­vad gvi­mas­pin­Zlde­bian. im
dros, ro­de­sac me­tad gaZ­nel­da mas­wav­le­bel­Ta mo­na­
wi­leo­bis mi­Re­ba ad­gi­lob­riv ero­bis da qa­la­qis TviT­
mar­Tve­lo­bis sas­ko­lo ko­mi­sieb­Si, ma­Ti war­mo­mad­gen­lo­
ba, gan­msWva­lu­li `di­di mo­va­leo­bis“ pa­su­xis­mgeb­lo­biT,
me­tad gul­zvia­daT iq­ce­va da pe­da­go­giur kre­beb­ze­dac
ki ago­nebs, rom mas­wav­leb­le­bi ara­ra­ni arian Se­da­re­biT
maT­Tan − mTe­li maz­ris ba­ton-pat­ron­Tan.
ma­te­ria­lu­rad da­Cag­ru­li mas­wav­leb­lo­ba is­po­ba, mi­
was­Tan swor­de­ba uf­leb­ri­vac. amis da­sam­tki­ceb­lad mo­viy­
vanT Sem­degs asa­Rel­ve­bels faqts: noem­bris 14-s siR­na­Ris
umaR­les daw­ye­biT sas­wav­leb­lis pe­da­go­giur sab­Wos sxdo­
mas daes­wro erT-er­Ti wev­ri qa­la­qis TviT­mar­Tve­lo­bi­sa.
ro­de­sac am kre­ba­ze er­Tma mas­wav­le­bel­Ta­gan­ma kre­bis Tav­
mjdo­ma­ris ne­bar­TviT das­to­va naad­re­vaT kre­ba, qa­la­qis
war­mo­mad­ge­nel­ma mris­xa­ne, amaR­le­bu­li ki­lo­Ti da ma­gi­
da­ze xe­le­bis bar­tyu­niT gaan­cxa­da: `uf­le­ba ara aqvs arc
erTs mas­wav­le­bels das­to­vos kre­ba, ro­de­sac me, qa­la­qis
war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li, aqa var. Tqven aq ara­fe­ri xarT da ma­le
Seit­yobT ki­dec!“ mxo­lod, mii­Ro ra Tav­mjdo­ma­ris pa­su­xi,
rom am mas­wav­le­bel­ma dau­yov­neb­liv ope­ra­ciis ga­sa­ke­Teb­
lad mi­Re­bul Sve­bu­le­bis Za­liT das­to­va kre­ba da gae­Su­ra
Ca­sa­bar­geb­lad, − war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li wa­mo­var­da ze­ze, aRi­maR­
la uf­ro xma da muS­te­bis mu­qa­riT daiy­vi­ra: `Tqven nu da­
ga­viw­yde­baT, rom me var mTe­li maz­ris ba­ton-pat­ro­ni da
Tqve­ni uf­ro­sic; Tqven ara­vin ara­fers gkiT­xavT da ga­na­ne­
biebT ki­dec Tqvens TviT­ne­bo­bas...“ am sa­Si­nel­ma in­ci­den­
tma sa­Si­ne­li­ve STa­beW­di­le­ba moax­di­na mas­wav­leb­lo­ba­ze.

134
 სიღნაღის ოლქი

Tu de­mok­ra­tiuls res­pub­li­ka­Si maT ase­Ti xved­ri

xvdaT wi­lad, ro­mel­sac sxva da sxva mo­saz­re­biT iT­men­
dnen aqam­dis, ima­sac ma­le mo­ves­wre­biT aqam­dis, rom niv­
Tiers ga­Wir­ve­bas da zneob­riv dam­ci­re­bas Ta­vian­Ti mo­va­
leo­ba dae­viw­ye­bioT da es kul­tu­ru­li ele­men­te­bi gan­ze
gaud­gnen ise­dac Ca­mor­Ce­nil Cvens pro­vin­cias“.

mas­wav­le­be­li.
`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #1001, 1920

მუნიციპალური ცხოვრება −
სიღნაღის თვითმმართველობაში

`15 seq­tem­bris sxdo­ma­ze gam­geo­bis wev­rma g. go­Ziev­ma

gaa­ke­Ta mox­se­ne­ba, gaac­no kre­bas Zve­li ma­Ti ja­ma­gi­re­bis
rao­de­no­ba, sas­ko­lo da sa­fi­nan­so sa­biu­je­to ko­mi­siis
dad­ge­ni­le­ba, e. e. yo­ve­li qa­la­qis mas­wav­le­bels dae­niS­
nos ja­ma­gi­ri Tve­Si 1300 m.
kre­ba gaec­no mox­se­ne­bas da mas­wav­le­bel­Ta axal da
Zvel ja­ma­gi­re­bis rao­de­no­bas, iqo­nia msje­lo­ba da xmis
ume­te­so­biT kre­bam mii­Ro sas­ko­lo da sa­fi­nan­so- sa­biu­
je­to ko­mi­siis dad­ge­ni­le­ba­ni.
gam­geo­bis wev­rma g. go­Ziev­ma gaa­ke­Ta mox­se­ne­ba, aux­sna
kre­bas mas­wav­le­bel­Ta Txov­na, rom­li­Tac Txou­lob­dnen
moe­ma­toT ja­ma­gi­re­bi ian­vris, Te­ber­vlis da mar­tis Tvee­
bis oras-ora­si ma­ne­Ti Ti­Tos da gaux­deT im­de­ni, ram­den­
sac Re­bu­lob­dnen ero­bis mas­wav­leb­le­bi. ag­reT­ve mom­xse­

135
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ne­bel­ma gaac­no kre­bas, rom mas­wav­le­bel­Ta Txov­na sas­ko­

lo da sa­fi­nan­so-sa­biu­je­to ko­mi­sias mi­Re­bu­li aqvs.
kre­ba gaec­no mox­se­ne­bas, iqo­nia msje­lo­ba da sas­ko­lo
da sa­fi­nan­so ko­mi­siis dad­ge­ni­le­ba­ni er­Txmad mii­Ro.
gam­geo­bis wev­rma g. go­Ziev­ma gaa­ke­Ta mox­se­ne­ba, gaac­no
kre­bas gam­geo­bis Sed­ge­ni­li xarjT-aR­ric­xvis Tvi­Teu­li
mux­li da ag­reT­ve sas­ko­lo da sa­fi­nan­so-sa­biu­je­to ko­mi­
siis dad­ge­ni­le­be­bi, rom ko­mi­sie­bis mier da­das­tu­re­bu­lia
gam­geo­bis mier Sed­ge­ni­li xarjT-aR­ric­xva da zed­me­tad
195,900 man., ro­me­lic moux­de­ba qa­laqs da­xar­jos sko­leb­
ze, da­fa­ros im mo­ma­val fu­le­bi­dan, ro­me­lic un­da mii­Ros
qa­laq­ma mTav­ro­bi­dan mi­li­ciis­Tvis dax­ma­re­bis sa­xiT. rad­
gan qa­laqs mi­li­cia­zed aua­re­be­li aqvs da­xar­ju­li.
kre­ba gaec­no mox­se­ne­bas, sas­ko­lo da sa­fi­nan­so-sa­biu­
je­to ko­mi­siis dad­ge­ni­le­bebs, iqo­nia msje­lo­ba da xmis
ume­te­so­biT mii­Ro gam­geo­bis mier Sed­ge­ni­li xarjT-aR­
ric­xva da sas­ko­lo da sa­fi­nan­so ko­mi­sie­bis dad­ge­ni­le­
ba­ni, ro­me­lic ud­ris 195,900 man.
qa­la­qis Tav­ma s. yaz­beg­ma gaac­no kre­bas gam­geo­bis mier
Se­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li xarjT-aR­ric­xva, ese igi Tu ram­de­ni dauj­
de­ba qa­laqs Se­no­bis Sek­ve­Ta.
kre­ba gaec­no xarjT-aR­ric­xvas, iqo­nia msje­lo­ba da
er­TxmaT daad­gi­na: rad­ga­nac xarjT-aR­ric­xva araa da­mu­
Sa­ve­bu­li we­sie­rad da ar aris ga­mor­kveu­li swo­ri ja­mi
Tu ram­de­ni daj­da Sek­ve­Ta, es sa­kiT­xi droe­biT iyos Se­Ce­
re­bu­li da dae­va­los gam­geo­bas, ra­Ta saC­qa­rod miiw­vios
gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li sa­tex­ni­ko-sam­Se­neb­lo ko­mi­sia, ro­me­lic
gam­geo­bas­Tan er­Tad Sei­mu­Sa­vebs swor xarjT-aR­ric­xvas
da Sem­deg wa­rud­gens sa­gan­ge­bo xmo­san­Ta kre­bas gan­sa­xil­
ve­lad da da­sa­das­tu­reb­lad“.

`sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka“, #220, 1919

136
 სიღნაღის ოლქი

მღვდლის თავგასულობა
(ს. ტიბაანიდან)

`so­fe­li ti­baa­ni 400 kom­li­sa­gan Ses­dge­ba, sa­dac

mRvdel-msa­xu­re­bas as­ru­lebs vin­me moZ­Rva­ri ma­ma kon­
dra­te ni­ni­kaS­vi­li. es moZ­Rva­ri ni­ko­lo­zis tax­tis dam­
xo­bis Sem­deg did pro­vo­ka­cias swev­da Ta­vis mrev­lSi
so­cia­lis­te­bi­sa da re­vo­lu­ciis wi­naaR­mdeg, xal­xTan ki
Tavs ika­tu­neb­da.
ase Tu ise ndo­ ba­
sac pou­lob­ da, xels iT­ bob­da Ta­
vis bnel zrax­va­Ta gan­xor­cie­le­bi­saT­vis, xalxs dah­pir­
da usas­yid­lod sam­sa­xurs, da erT dros ise ga­dai­bi­ra
ti­baa­nis gle­xo­ba, rom sof­lis Sem­nax­vel-gam­ses­xe­bel
am­xa­na­go­bis Tav­mjdo­ma­red da sa­sur­sa­To ko­mi­te­tis wev­
ra­dac air­Cies. ase gan­sa­jeT, ko­mi­sa­ro­ba­sac api­reb­da,
mag­ram ar­Ce­vis Sem­deg ar ga­su­la sa­mio­de Tve, rom sa­re­
vi­zio ko­mi­siam aR­moa­Ci­na mi­si dau­dev­ro­ba da uyu­rad­
Re­bo­ba sa­xal­xo saq­mi­sad­mi. mas aramc Tu ar uwar­moe­bia
am­xa­na­go­bis saq­mee­bi, ara­med dav­Treb­Siac ki ar Cau­xe­
dia, rom gae­go Tu ra keT­de­bo­da am­xa­na­go­ba­Si. an ki sad
moic­li­da saa­mi­sod moZ­Rva­ri ni­ni­kaS­vi­li, ro­ca igi mo­
ge­bis saq­meeb­Si iyo gar­Tu­li, es moZ­Rva­ri ama­ve dros
aris me­wis­qvi­le, moi­ja­ra­de, me­fut­kre da plan­ta­tio­ri
(me­Tam­ba­qoe), dRe da Ra­me cxen­ze ij­da da da­dio­da sas­
pe­ku­lian­to saq­meeb­ze: hgzav­ni­da tfi­lis­Si fqvi­lebs,
dah­yve­bo­da mu­Sebs da Ta­vi­si `moR­va­weo­ba“ da mRvdel­
Tmsa­xu­re­ba sul aRar gax­se­ne­bia. am dros mi­si mrev­li ki
upat­ro­nod iyo mi­to­ve­bu­li da gle­xebs xSi­rad ori kvi­
ris lo­di­ni da Zeb­na ux­de­bo­daT am mRvdli­sa, rom rai­me
we­si Sees­ru­le­bi­naT mis­Tvis.

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ni­ni­kaS­vi­lis am­gvar­ma saq­ciel­ma moT­mi­ne­bi­dan ga­

moiy­va­na xal­xi da ian­vris 26 s Ses­dga so­fel ti­baa­nis
yri­lo­ba, sa­dac da­ba­re­bul iq­mna TviT ni­ni­kaS­vi­lic −
ro­mel­sac mos­Txo­ves sam­sa­xu­ri, ro­gorc moZ­Rvars Seh­
fe­ris da ro­gorc es See­sa­ba­me­ba mrev­lis in­te­re­sebs.
so­fels ni­ni­kaS­vil­ma upa­su­xa, rom me isev ise vim­sa­
xu­reb ro­ gorc dRem­ dis, mxo­ lod im pi­ ro­ biT, Tu Sar­
San­de­li­sa da wle­van­del pu­ris dra­mas e.i. Ti­To kod
xor­bals ga­daix­diT kom­lob­ri­va­To. Tu gin­daT ase, Tu
ara da arc Za­lian vsa­Wi­roeb Tqvens sam­sa­xur­sao.
ro­gorc aR­vniS­neT, ti­baan­Si 400 kom­li mcxov­re­bia da
oT­xa­si ko­di pu­ri 1200 fuTs Sead­gens, xo­lo Tu am xor­
bals dRe­van­del fa­so­ba­ze vian­ga­ri­SebT, 180000 ma­neTs
Sead­gens. kai luk­maa, ro­me­lic `usas­yid­lod mo­sam­sa­xu­
re“ moZ­Rvar­ma mos­Txo­va so­fels.
ti­baan­ma mas na­xe­va­ri ko­dis mi­ce­ma aRuT­qva Tu is
pir­naT­lad Seas­ru­leb­da sam­Rvde­lo sam­sa­xurs, mag­ram
rad­gan ni­ni­kaS­vi­lis­gan ua­ri mii­Ro, xal­xma daad­gi­na ga­
moec­xa­dos ni­ni­kaS­vils, rom man das­to­vos saek­le­sio Se­
no­ba da mis ma­gier mow­veul iq­nas sxva mRvde­li. am dad­
ge­ni­le­bis as­li sa­Ta­na­do gan­mar­te­biT gaeg­zav­na Si­na­gan
saq­me­Ta sa­mi­nis­tros, sa­ka­Ta­li­ko­so sab­Wos da ala­ver­
dis epis­ko­poss pi­ross, mag­ram ga­vi­da xa­ni da so­fel­ma
pa­su­xi ver mii­Ro. ama­ve dros sof­lad ga­dam­de­bi se­ni da
sik­vdi­li mZvin­va­reb­da. amiT isar­geb­la mRvdel­ma kon­
dra­tem da vi­sac ga­Wir­ve­buls mias­wreb­da, wi­na dRiT­ve
moa­ta­ni­neb­da tab­leb­sa da kod purs da me­re wess Seus­
ru­leb­da. mis­ma aseT­ma saq­ciel­ma au­ta­nel mdgo­ma­reo­
ba­Si Caa­ye­na xal­xi da so­fel­ma meo­red ka­te­go­riu­lad
mos­Txo­va mas − mog­vSor­di, aRar gvin­da Se­ni mRvdlo­ba,
dag­vi­ca­le Cve­ni ma­ma-pa­pis aSe­ne­bu­li ek­le­sia da sax­lio.
Ta­nac amoir­Cies ori rwmu­ne­bu­li da gag­zav­nes ala­ver­

138
 სიღნაღის ოლქი

dis epis­ko­pos­Tan, ro­mel­sac sTxov­dnen ni­ni­kaS­vi­lis ga­

da­ye­ne­bas, sa­nam sxva mRvdels moiw­vev­dnen ne­ba daer­To
ad­gi­lob­ri­vi be­re­bis­Tvis mRvdel-moq­me­de­bis Ses­ru­le­
bi­sa. pi­ro­sis das­tu­ri mar­Tlac mii­Ro so­fel­ma, mag­ram
ar ga­su­la er­Ti kvi­ra da aR­dgo­ma di­liT ti­baa­ne­lebs
mou­vi­daT mou­lod­ne­li mi­we­ri­lo­ba siR­na­Ris maz­ris
sae­par­qio sab­Wos Tav­mjdo­ma­ris­gan, sa­dac is swer­da,
rom: Ta­nax­mad ala­ver­dis epis­ko­po­sis mo­we­ri­li­sa gac­
no­bebT, rom ti­baa­ne­le­bis sa­Ci­va­ri ni­ni­kaS­vi­lis wi­naaR­
mdeg cno­bi­lia usa­fuZ­vlod, ami­tom uyu­rad­Re­bod iq­
na da­to­ve­bu­lio. ami­tom ni­ni­kaS­vils, ro­gorc ti­baa­nis
ka­no­nier mRvdels ga­moec­xa­da, dab­run­des ti­baan­Si da
Seud­ges Ta­nam­de­bo­bis as­ru­le­ba­so. men­Te­SaS­vi­li aR­niS­
nav­da ag­reT­ve, rom so­fe­li val­de­bu­lia ga­dai­xa­dos ko­
di-pu­rio.
am uc­naur­ma, Za­la­dur­ma mo­we­ri­lo­bam ise­Ti gav­le­na
iqo­nia sof­lis mor­wmu­ne xal­xze, rom aR­dgo­mas di­liT
saf­la­veb­ze ga­ta­ni­li wan­dil-tab­le­bi ukur­Txev­lad wa­
moi­Res sax­leb­Si da wyev­la-krul­viT ix­se­nieb­dnen iseT
Ta­vi­suf­le­bas, raic maT rwme­nas ukar­gavs da Za­laT ax­
vevs Tavs iseT mRvdels, ro­me­lic Ta­vi­si ti­ra­nu­lis da
gaiZ­ve­ra moq­me­de­biT pa­tivs da madls ukar­gavs xal­xis
Tval­Si rwme­na­sa da ek­le­siis wes­sa.
es men­Te­SaS­vi­li mar­jve­na xe­lia ni­ni­kaS­vi­li­sa da Cven
eW­vi gve­pa­re­ba, rom pi­ro­sis ase­Ti gan­kar­gu­le­ba ama­Ti
ma­xi­na­cie­bis Se­de­gi ar iyos. aR­dgo­ma dRes ki­dev Se­quC­
da so­fe­li da ga­moi­ta­na dad­ge­ni­le­ba, ro­mel­Sic aR­niS­
nu­lia: rom Tu Cvens sa­Ci­vars ka­no­nie­rad ar Cas­Tvlian
da ni­ni­kaS­vils ar ga­daa­ye­ne­ben da ne­bas ar mog­vce­men
mo­viw­vioT ise­Ti mRvde­li, ro­me­lic so­fel­sa hsurs, im
Sem­Txve­va­Si Cven ga­dav­dge­biT Cve­nis rju­li­dan da sxva
ro­me­li­me sar­wmu­noe­bas Se­vuer­Tde­bi­To.

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

amas­Ta­na­ve, amoir­Cies rwmu­ne­bu­le­bi da gah­gzav­nes

tfi­lis­Si si­mar­Tlis sa­Zieb­lad.
ai am zo­mam­de mih­yavT xal­xi Cvens `sa­su­lie­ro ma­mebs“
da maT xel­mZRva­ne­lebs, da ara­fers eri­de­bian, sa­ku­Tar
ji­be­sa da kuW­sa swi­ra­ven xal­xis in­te­re­sebs“.

te­tia gle­xi.
`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #503, 1919

140
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

მოწოდება ქუთაისის
ქალებისადმი

`ara­vin ise­Ti Ca­mor­Ce­ni­li ar aris cxov­re­bas, ro­gorc

Cve­ni qa­le­bi. ara­vis ar eWir­ve­ba zrun­va ga­naT­le­bi­sa da
gaT­vic­no­bie­re­ba­ze, ro­gorc Cven qa­lebs. droa vi­fiq­roT
Cven ga­mof­xiz­le­ba­ze, droa viz­ru­noT Cven win msvle­lo­
ba­ze. mux­Tal beds ar ur­gu­ne­bia Cven­Tvis sa­Sua­le­ba ga­
naT­le­ba mig­ve­Ro, Tva­li gag­ve­xi­la, sis­wo­riT Seg­ve­xe­da
cxov­re­bis­Tvis, mag­ram aman gu­li ar un­da gag­vi­te­xos. Tu
sur­vi­li aqvs kacs yo­ve­li­ve dab­rko­le­ba SeuZ­lia ga­da­
la­ xos. dee gvian, mag­ ram mainc viz­ ru­
noT Cven su­ lier
da kul­tu­rul moT­xov­ni­le­beb­ze. mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­
cia xels uw­vdis imaT, vinc aseT moT­xov­ni­le­bas grZnobs.
mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciam gax­sna Ra­rib qal­TaT­vis eg­red
wo­de­bu­li `Sro­mis Sko­la“, sa­dac SeuZ­lia is­wav­los yve­
las ga­nur­Cev­lad mdgo­ma­reo­bi­sa, mi­mar­Tu­le­bi­sa, erov­
ne­bi­sa, sa­dac SeuZ­lia is­wav­los yo­vel Ra­rib qals, ra
xni­sac ar un­da iyos is.

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

is­wav­lis sag­nebs, gaiv­lis pir­vel daw­ye­bi­Ti umaR­le­

si sas­wav­leb­lis kurss, is­wav­lis xel-saq­nars: Wra-ker­
vas, za­fe­bis dam­za­de­bas, ma­te­rie­bi­sa da Cul­qe­bis qso­vas,
fex­sac­me­le­bis ker­vas da sxvas. ma­ca­di­no­ba ra dro­sac
uf­ro mo­sa­xer­xe­be­lia mo­wa­fe­TaT­vis, im dros iq­ne­ba. m.
q. or­ga­ni­za­ciam uk­ve dai­qi­ra­va sko­lis gam­ge, mas­wav­leb­
le­bi da sxva mos­wav­leebs uc­dis. nu da­gab­rko­lebT nurc
ufu­lo­ba, nurc ta­ni­sa­mo­sis uqon­lo­ba, yve­la­fe­ri mog­
var­de­ba, yve­la­fe­ri moew­yo­ba, oRond sur­vi­li ga­moi­Ci­
neT ma­ca­di­no­bis. nu gau­texT guls qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­cias,
daar­wmu­neT is, rom ar Sem­cda­ra, ro­ca Ra­rib qal­TaT­vis
sko­la gaux­snia. Ra­ri­bi qa­le­bi grZno­ben am sko­lis sa­Wi­
roe­bas da arc da­to­ve­ben mas ca­riels. yo­ve­li dia­sax­
li­sis­Tvis, yo­ve­li de­dis­Tvis au­ci­le­be­lia mda­ba­li ga­
naT­le­ba mainc. maS, nu daig­via­nebT, gag­zav­neT am sko­la­Si
Tqve­ni Svi­le­bi, Cae­we­reT Ti­Ton, nu uar­yofT mu­Sa qal­Ta
or­ga­ni­za­ciis mier ga­mow­vdil xels. isar­geb­leT, ga­moi­ye­
neT am or­ga­ni­za­ciis naS­ro­mi!!
Ca­we­ra SeiZ­le­ba TviT Sko­la­Si (or­pi­ris qu­Ca, lo­mi­Zis
sax­li `Sro­mis Sko­la“) di­lis 9-2 saa­Tam­de da mu­Sa qal­
Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis bi­na­ze (so­bo­ros pir­da­pir ri­Ji­naS­vi­lis
sax­li, sa­sur­sa­To ko­mi­te­tis yo­fi­li bi­na).
vTxovT qu­Tai­sis da­nar­Cen ga­ze­Tebs ga­da­beW­don es mo­
wo­de­ba“.

− mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis gam­geo­ba.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #429, 1918

142
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

ქუთაისის ავ-კარგი

მუშათა პროფესიონალური
კავშირები

`mkiT­xvels moex­se­ne­ba, rom qu­Tais­Si ar aris uf­ro

msxvi­li war­moe­ba gan­vi­Ta­re­bu­li. uf­ro wvril xe­los­
nur war­moe­bas aqvs ad­gi­li. ami­to­mac aris, rom aRe­bu­li
cal-cal­ke Tvi­Teu­li ara­fe­ria, wev­rTa sim­rav­liT Zlier
moi­sus­tebs.
re­vo­lu­ciis pir­vel dReeb­Si, mu­Sa­Ta sab­Wom ga­mo­yo ko­
mi­sia, ro­mel­sac da­va­le­bu­li hqon­da yve­la pro­fe­sieb­Si
Seeq­mna pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­Si­ri. ra­mo­de­ni­me dRis Sem­deg
ko­mi­siam daam­Tav­ra mu­Sao­ba da ga­moir­kva, rom qu­Tais­Si 30-
ze me­ti mu­Sa­Ta pro­fe­sia yo­fi­la. ko­mi­siam sa­Wi­roT dai­na­xa
mo­na­Te­sa­ve pro­fe­sie­bis Seer­Te­biT uf­ro Zlie­ri kav­Si­re­bi
Seq­mni­li­yo. es mox­da, ra Tqma un­da, ama Tu im pro­fe­sieb­
Tan Se­Tan­xme­biT. da am Seer­Te­bis Sem­deg uk­ve Ca­mo­ya­lib­da
10 pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­Si­ri, rom­le­bic Seud­gnen mu­Sao­bas.
pir­vel xa­neb­Si pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­Si­re­bis um­Tav­re­si
yu­rad­Re­ba iyo miq­ceu­li eko­no­mi­ku­ri pi­ro­be­bis gaum­jo­
be­se­ba­ze. am mxriv, un­da si­mar­Tle iT­qvas, yve­la kav­Si­
reb­ma pir­naT­laT Seas­ru­les Ta­vian­Ti mo­va­leo­ba, mag­ram
rac See­xe­ba sxva da­nar­Cen mxa­res, ma­ga­li­Tad ro­go­ric
aris go­neb­ri­vi saz­rdos mi­wo­de­ba, leq­cie­bis kiT­xva, sam­
kiT­ xve­los gax­ sna Tu sxva, am mxriv bev­ ri ara­ fe­
ri ga­
ke­Te­bu­la. ga­mo­nak­liss Sead­gens er­Ti Tu ori kav­Si­ri,
ro­mel­Tac SeZ­le­bis­dag­va­raT moaw­yves sa­li­te­ra­tu­ro sa­
Ra­moe­bi da war­mod­ge­ne­bi.

143
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

amis er­Ti mTa­va­ri xe­lis Sem­Sle­li iyo isa, rom pro­

fe­sio­na­lur kav­Si­rebs ar gaaC­nda er­Ti cen­tri, ro­mel­
sac un­da gae­wia ideu­ri xel­mZRva­ne­lo­ba prof. kav­Si­re­
bis­Tvis.
kav­Si­reb­Si iS­via­Tad moi­po­ve­ba pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri mo­mu­
Sa­ve­ni am sit­yvis nam­dvi­li mniS­vne­lo­biT. ami­to­mac iyo,
rom mu­Sao­ba moi­koW­leb­da. am ori Tvis wi­naT yve­la mu­
Sa­Ta pro­fe­sio­na­lur­ma kav­Si­reb­ma uk­ve Seq­mnes er­Tnai­ri
cen­tri, e.i. kav­Si­ris sab­Wo.
kav­Sir­Ta sab­Wo uk­ve Seud­ga mu­Sao­bas, uk­ve hyavs mdi­
va­ni, ro­me­lic kar­gad ic­nobs mu­Sa­Ta kiT­xvebs da da­va­le­
bu­li aqvs ideu­ri xel­mZRva­ne­lo­ba gau­wios yve­la kav­Si­
rebs. Cven ime­di gvaqvs, rom cen­tra­lu­ri sab­Wo am mxriv
gaa­mar­Tlebs ime­debs.
Cven ar mog­ve­po­ve­ba mu­Sa­Ta klu­bi, sa­dac un­da leq­cie­
bi ikiT­xe­bo­des da imar­Te­bo­des sau­ba­ri ama Tu im kiT­
xveb­ze. ar gvaqvs sam­kiT­xve­lo da sxva. am ga­re­moe­bas di­di
yu­rad­Re­ba un­da miaq­cios kav­Sir­Ta sab­Wom. gar­da ami­sa,
aq ar­se­bobs sa­Ra­mos sko­la, sa­dac yo­vel dRe swar­moebs
swav­la da axal­gaz­rda mu­Se­bi go­neb­ri­vi saz­rdos mi­Re­bas
es­wra­fe­bian. xSi­rad am axal­gaz­rda mu­Sebs ma­Ti `xa­zei­ne­
bi“ sas­wav­le­bel­Si ar uS­ve­ben. am ga­re­moe­ba­sac un­da mieq­
ces yu­rad­Re­ba. Tvi­Toeul­ma pro­fe­sio­na­lur­ma kav­Sir­ma
Ta­vi­si Ta­vi mo­va­leT un­da ga­xa­dos, rom Ta­vis pro­fe­sia­
Si Tval-yu­ri adev­nos axal­gaz­rda mu­Se­bis mdgo­ma­reo­
bas. axal­gaz­rda mu­Sebs di­di yu­rad­Re­ba un­da mieq­ces, Tu
gvin­da, rom Cve­ni mo­ma­va­li Tao­ba iq­nes gaw­vrTni­li da
Se­sa­fe­ri­sad mom­za­de­bu­li mter­Tan brZo­la­Si“.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #429, 1918

144
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

ქუთაისის ავ-კარგი

მუშა ქალთა ორგანიზაცია

`am or­ga­ni­za­ciis mzis si­naT­le­ze ar­se­bo­ba iw­ye­ba re­

vo­lu­ciis pir­vel dRi­dan­ve. mi­si mi­za­ni iyo mu­Sa-qal­Ta
Se­kav­Si­re­ba erT mTlian sxeul­Si da maT­Si kul­tu­ru­li
mu­So­bis ga­Ca­Re­ba. pir­ve­li na­bi­ji am or­ga­ni­za­cii­sa ga­moi­
xa­te­bo­da Sem­deg­Si: qa­la­qi day­ves ra­mo­de­ni­me ub­ne­baT da
iq moaw­yves am or­ga­ni­za­ciis gan­yo­fi­le­be­bi, ese igi saub­
no ko­mi­te­teb­Si Tavs iy­ri­da im ub­nis mu­Sa qa­le­bi da ake­
Teb­den de­mok­ra­tiul saq­meebs. pir­vel xa­neb­Si man Ses­Zlo
de­mok­ra­tiu­li qa­le­bis erT sxeul­Si Se­kav­Si­re­ba. kul­tu­
ru­li mu­Sao­ba am or­ga­ni­za­ciam ise ver moaw­yo, ro­gorc
es sa­Wi­ro iyo. mag­ram sa­ma­gie­roT yo­ve­li­ve ar­Cev­neb­ze,
ro­go­ric iyo sa­qa­la­qo da dam­fuZ­ne­be­li kre­bis ar­Cev­ne­
bi, Tav­da­de­bu­laT mu­Saob­den. ax­den­den kre­bebs, ux­sni­den
ar­Cev­ne­bis tex­ni­kur da ideur mxa­reebs. am or­ga­ni­za­cias
mWid­ro kav­Si­ri hqon­da soc. de­mok­ra­tiul ko­mi­tet­Tan
da mu­Sa­Ta sab­Wos­Tan da am umaR­les re­vo­lu­cio­nur or­
ga­noe­bis da­Za­xe­bis­Ta­na­ve mzaT iy­ven eke­Te­bi­naT re­vo­lu­
cio­nu­ri saq­mee­bi. mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciam moaw­yo ga­mom­
cem­lo­ba, ga­mouS­ves ra­mo­de­ni­me pa­ta­ra wig­na­ke­bi da amiT
xe­li Seuw­yves de­mok­ra­tiis gaT­viT­cno­bie­re­bis saq­mes.
ro­de­sac os­ma­leT­Tan omi daiw­yo, am or­ga­ni­za­ciam ga­das­
wyvi­ta mTe­li Ta­vi­si Zal-Ro­niT dax­ma­re­bo­da sam­Sob­los
Svi­lebs mter­Tan brZo­la­Si. am miz­niT moaw­yves mow­ya­le
de­bis­Tvis kur­se­bi, sa­dac miiw­vies da­xe­lov­ne­bu­li eqi­me­
bi da or-sam kvi­ra­Si saa­vaT­myo­fos uk­ve miaS­ve­les mow­ya­
le de­bi sa­mu­Saod. gar­da ami­sa, moaw­yves eg­reT wo­de­bu­li

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in­ter­par­tiu­li qal­Ta biu­ro, ro­mel­sac miz­nad qon­da ma­

te­ria­lu­ri dax­ma­re­ba aR­moe­Ci­na daW­ril-da­sa­xiC­re­bul­Ta
oja­xe­bis­Tvis. am­ri­gaT SeiZ­le­ba iT­qvas, rom xse­ne­bu­li
or­ga­ni­za­cia SeZ­le­bis­da gva­raT xels uw­yob­da yo­vel­gvar
re­vo­lu­ciis sa­sar­geb­lo mu­Sao­bas. am or­ga­ni­za­ciam sxva
mu­Sao­bas­Tan er­Tad, er­Ti me­taT sim­pa­tiu­ri na­bi­jic ga­
dad­ga. es gax­lavT Sro­mis sko­lis gax­sna.
ro­gorc gam­geo­ba mog­viT­xrobs Ta­vis mox­se­ne­ba­Si, am
sko­lis daar­se­ba ga­mouw­ve­via saub­no qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­cie­
bis moT­xov­ni­le­bas. cen­tra­lur mu­Sa-qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­
cias gau­we­via ra an­ga­ri­Si saub­no qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­cie­bis
moT­xov­ni­le­be­bis­Tvis, SeZ­le­bi­sa­Ta­na­ve ki­dec dauar­se­bia
xse­ne­bu­li sko­la. am sko­lis mi­za­ni Sem­de­gi aris: mia­wo­
dos mu­Sa-qa­lebs oT­xi kla­sis cod­na. ag­reT­ve as­wav­lian
yo­vel­gvar xel-saq­mes. mow­veu­li hyavT Se­sa­fe­ri­sad mom­
za­de­bu­li xel­mZRva­ne­le­bi da me­ca­di­neo­bac kar­gaT mim­
di­na­reobs. anor­ma­lur pi­ro­beb­Si Zne­li iyo rai­me axa­li
saq­mis daw­ye­ba, miT ume­tes ase­Ti ti­pis sko­lis gax­sna,
mag­ram miu­xe­da­vaT mra­val­gvar da­mab­rko­le­bel mi­ze­ze­bi­
sa, mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciam mainc Ses­Zlo am saq­mis ga­ke­
Te­ba. am sko­la­Si moq­so­vi­li ma­te­rie­bi Ta­vis Rir­se­biT ar
Ca­mou­var­de­ba qar­xneb­Si dam­za­de­bulT da fa­sic xel­mi­saw­
vdo­mi aris. rom es sko­la uf­ro kargs pi­ro­beb­Si Caa­ye­nos
xse­ne­bul­ma or­ga­ni­za­ciam, ami­saT­vis sa­Wi­roa mas Se­sa­fe­ri
dax­ma­re­ba gau­wios ro­gorc qa­la­qis TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­bam,
ag­reT­ve sxva or­ga­ni­za­cieb­mac. am ra­mo­de­ni­me dRis wi­
naT mox­da xse­ne­bul or­ga­ni­za­ciis wev­rTa sa­zo­ga­do kre­
ba. axal gam­geo­ba­Si air­Ca bev­ri axa­li Za­le­bi, rom­le­bic
Cve­nis fiq­riT, mTel Ta­vis ener­gias ar dai­Su­re­ben sa­zo­
ga­do saq­mis­Tvis. ime­dia am­xa­na­gi mu­Sa qa­le­bi, rom­le­bic
jer ki­dev reaq­ciis dros ara­le­ga­lu­raT ase Tav­da­de­bu­
li mu­Saob­dnen, ex­la uf­ro gaac­xo­ve­le­ben am mu­Sao­bas da

146
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

maT kul­tu­rul saq­mia­no­ba­Si Tu ra­me de­feq­te­bia, mTlaT

ga­moas­wo­re­ben. vu­sur­vebT ga­nax­le­bul gam­geo­bas gae­mar­
Tle­bi­nos Cve­ni ime­de­bi“.
`er­To­ba“, #1152, 1918

ს. ჭაგანი
(სამტრედიის რაიონი)

`5 oq­tom­bers, sam­tre­diis raio­nul s.-d. or­ga­ni­za­

ciis sa­sar­geb­loT gai­mar­Ta sa­li­te­ra­tu­ro sa­Ra­mo. pir­
vel gan­yo­fi­le­ba­Si mox­se­ne­ba gaa­ke­Ta mSro­me­li xal­xis
gu­lis me­sai­dum­le eg­na­te ni­noS­vil­ze amx. ili­ko ko­pa­
leiS­vil­ma. man mok­leT da mka­fioT gaac­no dam­swreT, Tu
vin iyo eg­na­te, ras war­moad­gens mi­si Rvaw­li mSro­me­li
xal­xis­Tvis. man daa­xa­sia­Ta eg­na­tes moT­xro­bis gmi­re­bi:
da­viT droi­Ze da mi­si ro­li Cvens cxov­re­ba­Si da si­mo­na
Ta­vis ga­Wir­ve­bu­li mdgo­ma­reo­biT. mox­se­ne­bam sauc­xo­
vo STa­beW­di­le­ba das­to­va dam­swreeb­ze. meo­re da me­sa­me
gany. dad­ges ko­me­die­bi: `ori mSie­ri“ da `ti­mo­Tes leR­
vi“. meoT­xe­Si leq­se­bi da sce­ne­bi, ro­mel­Si­dac mo­na­wi­
leob­den Sem­de­gi am­xa­na­ge­bi: le­van bua­Ze, mi­na ko­pa­leiS­
vi­li, va­so ab­da­la­Ze. maT Ta­vian­Ti mox­Te­ni­li ki­lo­Ti
bev­ri aci­na dam­swre sa­zo­ga­doe­ba, ro­me­lic kma­yo­fi­li
dai­Sa­la. aq­ve aR­vniS­navT sa­Ra­mos an­ga­riS­sac. bi­le­Te­bi
gai­yi­da 664 m., vax­Sa­mi 74 m. sul 738 m. aqe­dan xar­je­bi
ga­vi­da 330 m. 63 k. dar­Ca wmin­da Se­mo­sa­va­li 407 m. 38 k,.
rom­li­da­nac ad­gi­lob. dar­Ce­ba 30 proc. da da­nar­Ce­ni ga­

147
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

dae­ca s.r.s.d. or­ga­ni­za­cias. e. i ad­gil. ko­leq­tivs. 122

m. 10 k. da 284 m. 90 k. ki raions. di­di mad­lo­bis Rir­sia
dam­swre sa­zo­ga­doe­ba, ro­mel­mac dag­vim­tki­ca er­Tgu­le­
ba da dax­ma­re­ba maT­Tan er­Tad mdgoms Wir­Si da lxin­Si
mi­si in­te­re­se­bis dam­cvels par­tii­sa. vu­sur­vebT sa­Ra­mos
ga­mar­Tvis ini­cia­to­rebs da mom­wyob ko­mi­sias xan­grZliv
mxne mu­Sao­bas da ener­gias“.
− sev. xvi­Cia.
`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #427, 1918

* * *
`qal­Ta kre­ba, 27 oq­tom­bers mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis
xel­ZRva­ne­lo­biT ka­xio­nu­ris raion­Si mox­Ta qa­le­bis kre­
ba. kre­bas daes­wro 50-mde qa­li. mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis
mu­Sao­bis Se­sa­xeb vrce­li mox­se­ne­ba gaa­ke­Ta amx. m. va­Sa­Zem.
mom­xse­ne­bel­ma naT­laT ga­dau­Sa­la dam­swreT, Tu ra gaa­
ke­Ta xse­ne­bul­ma or­ga­ni­za­ciam da ker­ZoT ra mi­za­ni aqvs
da­sa­xu­li Sro­mis Sko­las, sa­dac pro­fe­sio­na­lur cod­
nis gar­da SeiZ­le­ba mii­Ros 4 kla­sis cod­na. bo­los mox­Ta
xel­mZRva­nel biu­ros ar­Cev­ne­bi. bev­rma qal­ma am kre­ba­ze­ve
ga­nac­xa­da sur­vi­li Sro­mis Sko­la­Si ma­ca­di­neo­ba­ze. ase­
Ti kre­be­bis mow­ve­va mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis mier me­
taT sa­sar­geb­lo aris. ro­gorc gad­mog­vce­men, mu­Sa qal­Ta
or­ga­ni­za­cias ga­dauw­yve­tia, rom ase­Ti kre­be­bi ga­mar­Tos
yve­la ub­neb­Si“.
`re­vo­lu­ciu­ri no­ba­Ti“, #46, 1918

148
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

თეატრი და ხელოვნება

ქვიტირის
ქუჩის სახალხო თეატრი

`ager er­Ti Tve iq­ne­ba rac qvi­ti­ris qu­Ca­ze gaix­sna sa­

xal­xo Teat­ri. am xnis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si am Teat­rSi gai­mar­Ta
uk­ve war­mod­ge­na. es mov­le­na pir­ve­li Se­xed­viT arc ise
mniS­vne­lo­va­nia, rom man far­To sa­zo­ga­doe­bis yu­rad­Re­ba
miip­yros, mag­ram nam­dvi­lad ki es ase ar aris. yve­las­Tvis
cxa­dia Tu ra di­di mniS­vne­lo­ba aqvs Teatrs xal­xi­saT­vis.
zed­me­tia ima­ze la­pa­ra­ki Tu ro­gor uw­yobs Teat­ri xels
ma­sis Seg­ne­bas, mis gaT­viT­cno­bie­re­bas, mis es­Te­ti­kur
gan­vi­Ta­re­bas, mo­ra­lur aR­zrdas da sxva. Teat­ri er­Ti
im ia­raR­Ta­ga­nia, ro­me­lic uka­favs gzas mSro­me­li xal­xis
Sro­mis gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bas. da amas gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li mniS­
vne­lo­ba aqvs. swo­red mSro­me­li xal­xis­Tvis Teat­rSi Rvi­
vis is RvTaeb­ri­vi na­per­wka­li, ro­mel­mac mSro­me­li xal­xi
su­lie­rad un­da ga­zar­dos da amiT gauad­vi­los mas brZo­
la Ta­vis sa­bo­loo ga­mar­jve­bi­saT­vis. ami­tom cxa­dia, rom
yo­ve­li Seg­ne­bu­li mo­qa­la­qis da re­vo­lu­cio­ne­ris va­lia
Seuw­yos xe­li Teat­ris xe­lov­ne­bis aRor­Zi­ne­bas.
dia­dia Teat­ris ro­li ka­cob­rio­bis gaT­viT­cno­bie­re­
bis is­to­ria­Si. da yo­ve­li mo­qa­la­qe mis mniS­vne­lo­bas Seg­
ne­bu­lad un­da afa­seb­des. mag­ram sau­be­du­roT, arian ise­
Te­bi, war­moid­gi­neT, zo­gier­Ti vi­Tom­da in­te­li­gen­te­bi,
rom­le­bic ver gas­cil­de­bian viw­ro obi­va­te­lur `meS­Ca­
nur“ az­rov­ne­bas da isi­ni ne­biT Tu uneb­lieT sa­xels ute­
xen Teat­ris mniS­vne­lo­bas. far­To ma­sa­Si es, ra Tqma un­da

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me­tad sam­wu­xa­ro mov­le­naa da is zed­mi­wev­niT axa­sia­Tebs

maT go­neb­riv Ca­mor­Ce­nas, sib­ne­les. mag­ram swo­red ase­
Ti mdgo­ma­reo­ba miT uf­ro adi­debs Teat­ris mniS­vne­lo­bas
far­To ma­si­saT­vis. `yo­ve­li da­saw­yi­si Zne­liao“, naT­qva­mia.
Zne­li iq­ne­ba axal­gaz­rda sce­nis moy­va­re­Ta ma­Ti pir­ve­li
na­bi­je­bi. mag­ram isi­ni ar un­da Sea­Si­nos, da maT un­da ga­
nag­rZon dau­Ra­la­vi mu­Sao­ba im ime­diT, da rwme­niT, rom
isi­ni sa­xal­xo saq­mes em­sa­xu­re­bian“.

`re­vo­lu­ciu­ri no­ba­Ti“, #46, 1918

მუშა ქალთა
ორგანიზაციის სკოლა

`mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis sko­la­Si swav­lobs 123 moz­

rdi­li mu­Sa qa­li. ma­Ti Se­mad­gen­lo­ba Sem­de­gia: 32 qa­li aris
Cais qar­xni­dan, 27 oja­xis mo­sam­sa­xu­re qa­li, 8 sam­xed­ro
sam­kur­na­lo­Si mo­mu­Sa­ve `si­del­ka“, 8 mke­rav­Tan mo­mu­Sa­ve, 5
Tam­ba­qos qar­xni­dan, 5 me­qu­des­Tan mo­mu­Sa­ve, 3 bam­ba­ze mo­
mu­Sa­ve, 2 `koo­pe­ra­ciis“ sa­sa­di­lo­dan, 1 no­qa­ri. da­nar­Ce­ni
aris Ra­ri­bi oja­xis wev­re­bi. miu­xe­da­vaT mTe­li dRis Sro­
mi­sa da daR­li­lo­bi­sa, mu­Sa qa­le­bi, ro­gorc gad­mog­vces,
did xa­liss iCe­nen me­ca­di­neo­bi­sas. sko­la­Si ga­dian daax­lo­
ve­biT oT­xi kla­sis kurss, gar­da ami­sa, kvi­ra­Si or­jer kiT­
xu­lo­ben mox­se­ne­bebs sxva da sxva sa­kiT­xze. Sar­San is­men­den
mox­se­ne­bas kul­tu­ris is­to­rii­dan. wels: qar­Tu­li li­te­ra­

150
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

tu­ri­dan, po­li­ti­ku­ri eko­no­mii­dan da qal­Ta sa­kiT­xe­bi­dan.

mo­wa­fee­bi gu­liT ma­ca­di­no­ben, mas­wav­leb­le­bic Sro­mas ar
zo­ga­ven, Se­mom­Ci­vis m. q. or­ga­niz. gam­geo­bis wev­ri, mag­ram
ube­du­re­ba is aris, fu­li ar gvaq­vso. − fu­li ar aris is,
vu­pa­su­xe me, ager axal wlis Sex­ved­ri­dan rom dag­rCaT? `is
Cven va­leb­sac ar eyo­fa, me­re ki­dev gam­geo­bas ga­na sko­lis
gar­da sxva saz­ru­na­vi ara aqvs?! meub­ne­ba gam­geo­bis wev­ri,
Cven gvin­da umu­Se­va­ri mu­Sa qa­le­bis­Tvis sa­xe­los­no gav­
xsnaT, bib­lio­Te­ka Se­vi­Zi­noT da ub­neb­Si, sa­dac kul­tu­ru­
li wree­bi gvyavs, wig­ne­bi da­va­ri­goT da sxva aTa­si. yo­ve­li­
ve amas fu­li sWir­de­ba, moz­rdi­li Tan­xa sWir­de­ba ag­reT­ve
sko­la­sac, Cven ki es ara gvaqvs. swav­la sru­le­biT ufa­soa,
er­Tad er­Ti Se­mo­sav­lis wya­ro saq­vel­moq­me­do sa­Ra­moe­bia,
es ki saq­mes ar Sve­lis. me­re ki­dev aRar Seg­viZ­lia sul mu­
dam xel­gaw­vdi­li sia­ru­li sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­Si da Rri­Wi­ni. ori
we­li­wa­dia vwva­lobT, ras ar vmar­TavT, ra zo­mebs ar vRe­
bu­lobT, mag­ram mainc ver uz­run­vel­vya­viT sko­la. ara, am
pi­ro­beb­Si sas­wav­le­be­li ver iar­se­bebs. miv­mar­TeT dax­ma­re­
bi­saT­vis qa­la­qis gam­geo­bas, Tu man ar uz­run­vel­yo sas­wav­
le­be­li, is ver icoc­xlebs, au­ci­leb­laT dai­xu­re­ba“.
Cven ro­gorc erT-erT mo­qa­la­qes ra dax­ma­re­ba Seg­viZ­
lia am sko­lis!
qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­cias swo­red kar­gi gzis­Tvis miu­mar­
Tavs. qa­la­qis TviT­mar­Tve­lo­bis pir­da­pi­ri mo­va­leo­baa
uz­run­vel­hyos es sas­wav­le­be­li. qa­laqs Tum­ca blo­maT
aqvs sko­le­bi, sa­dac mo­zar­di Tao­ba ga­naT­le­bas Re­bu­
lobs, mag­ram ase­Ti, wmin­da mu­Su­ri sko­la gar­da ple­xa­
no­vis sa­xe­lo­bi­sa, mas arc er­Ti ara aqvs. qa­la­qis de­mok­
ra­tiu­li TviT­mar­Tve­lo­ba, dar­wmu­ne­bu­li varT, ar dauS­
vebs ase­Ti sko­lis da­xur­vas“.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #3, 1920

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* * *
de­pe­Sa mTav­ro­bis Tav­jdo­ma­res qu­Tai­si­dan. `qu­Tai­sis
qal­Ta kre­ba zizRs uc­xa­debs sis­xlis Rvris msur­vel uma­
dur som­xebs. sa­lams uZ­Rvnis sa­qar­Tve­los mTav­ro­bas da
Zle­va­mo­sil qar­Tvel mxed­ro­bas. Ses­dga in­ter­par­tiu­li
qal­Ta ko­mi­sia, ro­me­lic meo­mar Zme­bis sa­sar­geb­lod yo­
vel­gvar Se­mo­wi­ru­lo­bas mii­Rebs“.
`Sro­ma“, #2, 1919

თეატრი და ხელოვნება

„ურიის სისხლი“
დრ. სამ. ბერშტეინისა
`qu­Tai­sis dra­ma­tiu­li sa­zo­ga­doe­bis da­si mra­val­fe­
ro­va­nia, igi sau­ke­Te­so Za­le­biT aris Sev­se­bu­li. aq aris
qar­Tu­li sce­nis sia­ma­ye nu­ca Cxei­Ze, mkvir­cxli da grZno­
bie­ri ar. lo­lua, ni­Wie­ri ci­ma­ku­ri­Zis asu­li, din­ji da
mo­fiq­re­bu­li m. mdi­va­ni.
am dass am­Sve­nebs al. ime­daS­vi­li − ro­me­lic did ime­
deb­Si − did msa­xio­baT ga­daiq­ce­va. aq­vea ya­la­be­gaS­vi­li,
mu­ru­si­Ze, ko­ri­Se­li, go­me­lau­ri da sce­nis in­te­li­gen­ti
ev­ro­pie­li, grZno­bie­ri axal­gaz­rda m. Wiau­re­li.
mra­va­li ni­Wie­ri axal­gaz­rda mu­Saobs qu­Tai­sis sce­na­ze
ga­moc­di­li re­Ji­so­ris xel­qveiT.
mag­ram mu­Sao­ben TiT­qo ufe­ru­laT. mu­Sao­ben gu­liT,
mag­ram es mu­Sao­ba ar sCans, sce­na­ze xe­lov­ne­ba ga­ba­to­

152
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

ne­bu­la, mag­ram Zvir­fa­si sa­mo­se­li dau­kar­gavs da princs

naf­xre­we­bi Cauc­vams.
gu­li mik­vde­ba, ro­ca pa­ri­Jel aris­tok­rats uxei­ro
Sar­va­li ac­via, an her­co­gis ka­bi­net­Si fan­jre­bi Ca­le­wi­
lia… xe­dav amas da sao­car STa­beW­di­le­bis qveS brun­de­bi.
mad­ lian da Snoian Ta­ maSs xSi­raT aRar afa­ seb da gin­ da
say­ve­du­re­biT aiv­so sa­ku­Ta­ri gu­li mainc, Tu sxve­bis ara.
me­re ram­de­ni ra­mis ga­ke­Te­ba SeuZ­lia re­Ji­sors am da­
siT, ra mad­lia­ni mu­Sao­ba SeiZ­le­ba awar­mo­vos, − rom quT.
dr. saz. me­ti fu­li qon­des, me­ti sim­pa­tia qon­des mo­po­
ve­bu­li zo­gier­Ti wree­bi­dan. sxva dros uf­ro xels umar­
Tav­dnen am da­we­se­bu­le­bas, vid­re ax­la.
xan­da­xan sub­si­dieb­sac aZ­lev­den, dRes ki yve­las­gan mi­
to­ve­bu­lia, da sa­ku­Ta­ri Se­mo­sav­liT Tavs Zlivs ina­xavs.
TviT qa­laq­mac ki dai­viw­ya Teat­ri da me­taT mZi­me pi­ro­
be­bi dau­do dr. saz. gam­geo­bas.
sxva da­we­se­bu­le­be­bi xom aRarc ki ax­sovT da ga­na
qar­Tul bur­Jua­zias ar SeeZ­lo aq dax­ma­re­bo­da mas,
SeeZ­lo da amiT did saq­vey­no saq­mes gaa­ke­Teb­da, re­
Ji­sors SeZ­le­bas mis­cem­da me­ti xar­je­bi gae­Ro, axa­li
pie­sa daed­ga, xe­lov­ne­ba ae­Ror­Zi­ne­bi­na da qu­Tai­sis
Teat­ri − ae­maR­le­bia. ra kar­gi iq­ne­bo­da, rom Wiau­rels
SeZ­le­ba qon­des axa­li de­ko­ra­cie­bis da­xat­vi­sa, qo­rels
axa­li pie­sis dad­gmi­sa.
da­sis re­per­tuar­Si bev­ri axa­li qar­Tu­li ori­gi­na­lu­
ri pie­se­bia, rom­lis dad­gma re­Ji­sors ver mou­xer­xe­bia,
rad­gan saa­mi­so xar­ji ar SeuZ­lia Teat­ris ad­mi­nis­tra­
ciam gas­wios, rad­gan ma­Sin msa­xio­be­bi uja­ma­gi­roT dar­Ce­
bian da id­gmis isev Zve­li pie­se­bi.
da am Zvel pie­se­biT mainc ixib­le­ba xal­xi, ise­Ti mwyob­ria.
kvi­ras daid­ga ber­Stei­nis `uriis sis­xli“ me­sa­meT da
mSve­niv­raT Seas­ru­les.

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aq Tqven gxib­lav­daT da gat­yve­veb­daT TiT­qmis yve­la.

saer­ToT pie­sam mwyob­raT Caia­ra“.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #44, 1919

თეატრი და ხელოვნება

მარგარიტა გოტიე
ქუთაისის სცენაზე

`1 marts qu­Tai­sis sce­na­ze war­moad­gi­nes `mar­ga­ri­ta

go­tie“.
mar­ga­ri­ta go­ties is­to­ria − es Zve­ li, mag­ram mu­ dam
axa­li. es yve­las­Tvis cno­bi­li, mag­ram mu­dam cxo­ve­li da
sain­te­re­so moT­xro­baa dev­ni­li da tan­ju­li ada­mia­ni­sa.
mar­ga­ri­ta − es da­ce­mu­li da gas­vri­li, mag­ram su­liT
ma­Ra­li da ke­Til­So­bi­li ada­mia­ni, uw­min­des siy­va­ru­lis
wya­ros ewa­fe­ba. is miil­tvis bed­nie­re­bi­sa­ken. mag­ram mas
win eRo­be­ba pa­ri­Jis bur­Jua­ziis zneC­veu­le­ba − mo­ra­li,
is iRu­pe­ba, maR­la af­re­ni­li − Zirs ece­ma gul-ga­po­bi­li.
mar­ga­ri­ta RviZ­li Svi­lia ev­ro­pis bur­Jua­ziis mier
Seq­mni­li ukuR­mar­Ti cxov­re­bis pi­ro­be­bi­sa, rom­le­bic
Sua­ze apo­ben ada­mia­nis bu­ne­bas, suls Ti­Sa­ven sxeu­li­sa­
gan da go­ne­bas su­li­sa­gan. ese­ni ki ar­Rve­ven ada­mia­nis in­
di­vi­dis mTlia­no­bas da hqmnian tan­jvas, sa­so­war­kve­Ti­le­

154
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

bas, ube­du­re­bas da ud­ro­vo sik­vdils.

uk­vir­de­bi mar­ga­ri­tas xan­mok­le tan­jul si­coc­xles
da Tqven­Si iR­vi­Zebs si­Zul­vi­li da mtru­li grZno­ba am
pi­ro­be­bis wi­naaR­mdeg, ro­me­lic Seq­mna bur­Jua­ziam da ro­
me­lic ase ul­mo­be­laT us­wraf­ven si­coc­xles nazs, su­liT
spe­taks, si­ke­TiT sav­se, az­riT Ta­vi­su­fal da siy­va­ru­lis
mwyur­va­le mar­ga­ri­tas...
ge­ba­de­ba kiT­xva, ro­dis dain­gre­va es pi­ro­be­bi Seq­mni­
li Zir-mom­pal kla­sis mier, ro­dis iq­ne­ba is ne­ta­ri dro,
ro­de­sac su­li, go­ne­ba da sxeu­li ada­mian­Si Seq­mnian sav­se
har­mo­nias.
pa­su­xi xom Sors ar aris? ga­na ar ges­miT sa­Ra­Tas Zi­
lis­gan gaR­vi­Ze­bul pro­le­ta­ria­tis mWe­qa­re xma, ro­mel­
sac is­to­riam daa­kis­ra ka­cob­rio­bis gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­ba?
es xma wa­le­kavs uka­nas­knel Zir-mom­pal sa­Zir­kvels im
Se­no­bi­sas, ro­mel­Si­dac ukuR­mar­To­ba da­bu­na­ge­bu­la, mas­
Tan er­Tad dain­gre­va is mra­va­li pi­ro­be­bi, Seq­mni­li ka­pi­
ta­liz­mis mier, ro­me­lic ada­mians sa­Sua­le­bas ar aZ­levs
Ta­vi­suf­laT amoi­sun­Tqos, Ta­vi­si `me“ Sei­nar­Cu­nos.
sau­ke­Te­soT gad­mog­vca n. Cxei­Zem mar­ga­ri­ta go­ties
su­lie­ri gan­cda. mas­Si gan­sa­xier­da siy­va­ru­li das­ji­li
da Se­wi­rul ar­se­bi­sa. mas­Tan er­Tad itan­je­bo­da da izia­
reb­da mar­ga­ri­tas crem­lebs ma­yu­reb­le­bi.
er­Txel ki­dev daam­tki­ca qal­ba­ton­ma Cxei­Zem, rom is
Zvir­fa­si gan­Zia Cve­ni xe­lov­ne­bi­sa“.

JorJ no­zen.
`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #50, 1919

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ქუთაისის მუშა ქალთა

ორგანიზაცია

`qu­Tai­sis mu­Sa qa­leb­ma di­di xa­nia, rac Seig­nes Ta­vi­

si in­te­re­se­bi, di­di xa­nia, rac isi­ni Seud­gen or­ga­ni­za­
ciu­lad Se­kav­Si­re­bas da daad­gen gaT­viT­cno­bie­re­bis gzas.
jer ma­Sin, ro­de­sac Cvens cxov­re­bas ga­na­geb­dnen Sa­vi yor­
ne­bi da dev­ni­li iyo yo­vel­gva­ri mu­Su­ri or­ga­ni­za­cie­bi,
ai ma­Si­nac ki qu­Tai­sis mu­Sa qa­le­bi Se­kav­Si­re­bul­ni iy­vnen
ara­le­ga­lur soc. dem. or­ga­ni­za­cia­Si da iq Ta­vianT moZ­me
ma­ma­ka­ceb­Tan er­Tad eweod­nen kul­tu­rul-gan­ma­naT­le­bel
da or­ga­ni­za­ciul mu­Sao­bas. qu­Tais­Si Zve­lad ar­se­bob­da
in­ter­par­tiu­li qal­Ta wre, sa­dac mu­Sa qa­leb­sac yav­daT
Ta­vian­Ti war­mo­mad­gen­le­bic. 1916 w. ga­daw­yda, rom sa­qar­
Tve­los kul­tu­rul-gan­ma­naT­le­bel sa­zo­ga­doe­be­bi­dan
un­da Seeq­mnaT er­Ti mTa­va­ri cen­tri, ami­saT­vis da­niS­nu­
li iyo yri­lo­ba yve­la kul­tu­rul-gan­ma­naT­le­bel sa­zo­ga­
doe­ba­Ta war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi­sa­gan. Tvi­Teul kul­tu­rul-gan­
ma­naT­le­bel sa­zo­ga­doe­bas un­da gaeg­zav­na sa­ma­si de­le­ga­
ti. vis ar ax­sovs ma­Sin­del ar­Cev­ne­bis dros brZo­la pol.
par­tie­bi­sa sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­tis da qar­Tul dra­ma­tiul
sa­zo­ga­doe­bis sa­zo­ga­do kre­beb­ze, sa­dac de­le­ga­te­bis ar­
Cev­ne­bi xTe­bo­da. in­ter-par­tiul qal­Ta wre­sac un­da gaeg­
zav­na xse­ne­bul yri­lo­ba­ze sa­mi de­le­ga­ti. aq mox­Ta di­di
ge­ne­ra­lu­ri brZo­la Cve­ne­bur aris­tok­rat da mu­Sa qa­lebs
So­ris. am brZo­la­Si mu­Sa qa­leb­ma ga­moi­Ci­nes Ta­vian­Ti sim­
wi­fe, rac daam­tki­ca xse­ne­bul brZo­lis Se­deg­ma. ama­ve 1916
w. ma­ria­mo­bis­Tve­Si mox­Ta er­Ti ga­fic­va, ro­mel­Sic mu­Sa
qa­le­bi mxur­va­le mo­na­wi­leo­bas Re­bu­lo­ben ma­ma­ka­ceb­Tan
er­Tad da rac mu­Sa qa­le­bis ga­mar­jve­biT das­rul­da.

156
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

Te­ber­vlis ga­dat­ria­le­bis Sem­deg qu­Tai­sis mu­Sa qa­

leb­ma Seq­mnes Ta­vi­si sa­ku­Ta­ri or­ga­ni­za­cia mu­Sa­Ta sab­
Wos­Tan, sa­dac mu­Sa qa­leb­Tan er­Tad Tavs iy­rid­nen is
in­te­li­gen­ti qa­le­bic, rom­le­bic Ta­vian­Ti Seg­ne­biT da
mrwam­siT mWid­rod arian da­kav­Si­re­bu­li mu­Sa qa­leb­Tan.
es or­ga­ni­za­cia SeZ­le­bis­dag­va­rad eweo­da yo­vel­gvar mu­
Sao­bas. pir­vel-yov­li­sa, man miz­naT dai­sa­xa mu­Sa qal­Ta
Se­kav­Si­re­ba da maT­Si kul­tu­rul-gan­ma­naT­le­be­li mu­Sao­
ba. mas­Tan er­Tad mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­cia mxur­va­le mo­
na­wi­leo­bas Re­bu­lob­da yo­vel­gvar ar­Cev­neb­Si. os­ma­leT­
Tan omis dros Seq­mnes meo­mar­Ta dam­xma­re biu­ro, mu­Sa­Ta
sab­Wos gver­diT, ro­mel­sac in­ter­par­tiu­li sa­xe qon­da.
am biu­rom ma­Sin di­di dax­ma­re­ba aR­mou­Ci­na meom­rebs, ro­
gorc niv­Tie­rad, ise mo­ra­lu­rad. ama­ve biu­rom Seq­mna
Ta­vianT wri­dan mow­ya­le de­bis raz­mi, ro­mel­nic daW­
ril meom­rebs saa­vaT­myo­foeb­Si uv­lid­nen. am or­ga­ni­za­
ciis na­yo­fie­ri mu­Sao­ba meom­re­bi­sad­mi xaz­gas­miT aR­niS­na
erT-erT par­la­men­ta­ris kre­ba­ze Cve­ni sa­xal­xo gvar­diis
sa­xe­lo­van­ma sar­dal­ma amx. va­li­ko ju­Rel­ma. amis gar­da
xse­ne­bul or­ga­ni­za­ciam qu­Tais­Si daaar­sa eg­red-wo­de­bu­
li `Sro­mis sko­la“. am sko­lis prog­ra­ma ga­moi­xa­te­bo­da
Sem­deg­Si: Se­mo­Re­bu­li iyo oT­xi kla­sis cod­na, sxva­das­xva
xelT-saq­na­ri, qso­va da fex­sac­me­le­bis ker­va. di­di Tan­xa
moiT­xo­va ma­te­rie­bis qso­vam da sxvam da or­ga­ni­za­cia­mac
es Sro­mis sko­la ga­daa­ke­Ta sa­Ra­mos sko­lad, ro­me­lic ex­
la mo­Tav­se­bu­lia Tfi­li­sis qu­Ca­ze, ko­mer­ciul sas­wav­
leb­lis Se­no­ba­Si. aq yo­vel dRe swar­moebs me­ca­di­neo­ba
sa­Ra­moo­biT, sa­dac ga­dian TiT­qmis yve­la im sag­nebs, ra­
sac sxva sas­wav­leb­le­bis da­bal-kla­seb­Si. is jer­je­ro­biT
or jgu­faT aris ga­yo­fi­li, sa­dac daia­re­ba 60-mde qa­li.
amas­Tan er­Tad qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­cia­mac moaw­yo leq­cie­bis
kiT­xva sxva­das­xva sa­zo­ga­do sag­ne­bi­dan: kul­tu­ris is­to­

157
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

rii­dan, sa­zo­ga­do is­to­rii­dan, li­te­ra­tu­ri­dan, po­li­ti­

kur eko­no­mii­dan da sxva. mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciam xse­
ne­bul sko­lis xel­mZRva­ne­lo­ba mian­do amx. ma­ro Cxei­Zes,
ro­me­lic Tavs das­tria­lebs da ar ak­lebs Ta­vis ener­gias
da cod­nas.
am­de­ni xnis mu­Sao­bam mu­Sa qa­le­bi daar­wmu­na, rom SeuZ­
le­be­lia mud­mi­vad mu­Sao­ba Cve­ne­bur aris­tok­rat `klu­bis
qa­leb­Tan“. amis ga­mo man erT-erT sxdo­ma­ze daad­gi­na, rom
Zvel `qal­Ta wris“ ga­nax­le­bul mu­Sao­ba­Si ar mie­Ro mo­na­
wi­leo­ba. es ga­daw­yve­ti­le­ba em­cno maT war­mo­mad­gen­lis
sa­Sua­le­biT. rac See­xe­ba gan­sa­kuT­re­bul Sem­Txve­vebs, ro­
go­ric aris omi Tu sxva, aseT Sem­Txve­veb­Si Se­Tan­xme­bul
mu­Sao­bas awar­moebs yve­la po­li­ti­kur par­tia­Ta qal­Ta
war­mo­mad­ge­ne­leb­Tan.
ai, ase­Tia mok­leT am or­ga­ni­za­ciis mu­Sao­ba am xnis gan­
mav­lo­ba­Si. cxa­dia, mis mu­Sao­ba­Si nak­lic iyo, mag­ram es
nak­li ise­Ti um­niS­vne­loa, rom mas sav­se­biT fa­ravs is di­
di saq­mia­no­ba, ro­me­lic mok­leT ze­moT mi­mo­vi­xi­leT. vu­
sur­voT am norC da coc­xal or­ga­ni­za­cias mo­ma­val­Si me­ti
na­yo­fie­ri mu­Sao­ba mSro­mel­Ta sa­ke­Til­dReoT“.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #64, 1919

158
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

სახალხო მასწავლებელი

`yo­vel­Tvis sa­xal­xo mas­wav­le­be­li fex qveS ga­Te­li­li

iyo. da dRe­sac rom ase iyos, ar gag­vik­vir­de­ba! nu Tu
mar­to sa­xal­xo mas­wav­le­be­lia val­de­bu­li yve­la­fers an­
ga­ri­Si gau­wios? Tu sxva dar­gis mo­sam­sa­xu­ree­bi as­ru­le­
ben am mo­va­leo­bas da ki­dec maT moT­xov­ni­le­bebs mTav­
ro­ba ak­ma­yo­fi­lebs, sa­xal­xo mas­wav­le­bel­ma ra daa­Sa­va?
wi­naT siz­mar­Siac ver war­mo­vid­gen­diT sa­qar­Tve­los de­
mok­ra­tiul res­pub­li­kas; ax­la bed­ma gvar­gu­na es da ama­
Si sa­xal­xo mas­wav­le­bels wi­li udevs. ami­tom ma­sac, me
mgo­nia, mieq­ce­va sa­Ta­na­do yu­rad­Re­ba. Cven gvwams sa­xel­
mwi­fos mdgo­ma­reo­ba. is ax­la Sen­de­ba, mas miuZ­Rvis Cven
mier ar­Ceu­li mTav­ro­ba, ro­mel­sac Cven­gni­ve un­da zur­
gis ga­mag­re­ba. Seg­ne­bu­li da mo­wi­na­ve ele­men­te­bi un­da
win miuZ­Ro­des mas­sas, amag­reb­des yo­ve­li­ve ga­dad­gmul
na­bijs, rom mo­po­ve­bu­li uf­le­be­bi ar dav­Ru­poT gauf­
rTxi­leb­lo­biT. vTxov­deT sa­xel­mwi­fos ma­Sin, ro­ca
SeeZ­le­ba mo­ce­ma; ma­ra yve­la amee­bis ga­ke­Te­bac SeuZ­le­
be­lia, Tu ka­ci we­leb­zed fe­xebs id­gams. Tu sxva dar­gis
mo­sam­sa­xu­ree­bis­Tvis sa­xel­mwi­fos­gan dax­ma­re­ba Se­saZ­le­
be­lia, sa­xal­xo mas­wav­leb­li­saT­vi­sac ase un­da iyos.
umaR­les daw­ye­biT da sa­Sua­lo sas­wav­leb­leb­ma wa­
rad­gi­nes moT­xov­ni­le­be­bi da am mas­wav­leb­lebs, ro­gorc
sxva dar­gis mo­sam­sa­xu­reebs, da­ra­je­bis ga­mou­to­veb­laT,
300 ma­ne­Ti `voz­nag­raJ­de­nie“ eZ­le­vaT yo­vel Tviu­raT,
sa­nam ja­ma­gi­re­bi gau­did­de­bo­deT. sa­xal­xo mas­wav­le­be­li
rom See­kiT­xa sa­Ta­na­do da­we­se­bu­le­bas, Cve­ni ja­ma­gi­ri
aris Tu ara, upa­su­xes: jer ar aris da ro­ca iq­ne­ba Cven
ga­zeT­Si ga­mo­vac­xa­debT, jer wya­ros ve­ZebT, sai­dan vi­

159
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

So­vo­To. meo­re da­we­se­bu­le­bas See­kiT­xen mas­wav­leb­le­bi:

300 ma­neTs iZ­le­va mTav­ro­ba Tviu­rad `voz­nag­raJ­de­nies“
da is mainc mog­vaS­ve­leT, To­rem la­mis aris Sim­Sil­ma
col­Svi­lia­nad gag­vwyvi­to­so. maT upa­su­xes: es Tqven­ze
ar vrcel­de­ba, rad­gan uwin­de­li 400 ma­ne­Ti ar mi­gi­RiaT
erT drou­li dax­ma­re­ba; mTav­ro­bis gan­kar­gu­le­biT eZ­
le­vaT 300 ma­ne­Ti imaT, vinc iT­vle­ba sa­xel­mwi­fo sam­sa­
xur­Sio.
Cven gvgo­nia sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka­Si vmsa­xu­robT
da Tu ase ar aris, gvib­ rZa­neT, vin aris Cve­ ni pat­ro­
ni da vis vem­sa­xu­re­biT? sa­xel­mwi­fos ver ga­ve­fi­ce­biT,
mTav­ro­ba Ra­ri­bia; es Ra­la­tia. xalxs rom ga­ve­fi­coT,
kal­Tas ara­vin dag­vag­lejs, ara­vin gvet­yvis, mob­rZan­diT
Tqve­ni Wi­ri­me, nu dag­vRu­pavT, us­wav­le­lad Svi­lebs nu
dag­viy­ri­To da rac gne­bavT mo­gar­Tmev­To. mTav­ro­bas
Cve­ni Wkuis swav­le­ba ar un­da, is kar­gaT un­da ic­nob­des
gle­xo­bas. mas­wav­leb­lis Rir­se­bis da­ce­ma xal­xis Tval­Si
Zlier mav­ ne­
be­lia, yve­lam icis is mu­ Saobs, saq­ mes ake­
Tebs, is mSier-SiS­ve­lia, dax­ma­re­bis Txou­lobs da mieS­
ve­leT“.

`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #1, 1919

160
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

მკვდარი ქალაქი
(შთაბეჭდილება)

`max­sovs qu­Tai­si, ro­ca iq med­grad sCqef­da qar­Tu­li

cxov­re­ba.
ru­si­fi­ka­ciis Zlier xa­na­Si, ro­ca Tbi­lis­Si qar­Tu­li
enis ga­go­ne­ba ge­nat­re­bo­daT, qu­Tai­si ma­rad qar­Tu­li qa­
la­qi iyo.
po­li­ti­kur par­tiebs, qar­Tul Teatrs da qar­Tul sa­
zo­ga­doeb­rio­bas uke­Te­si as­pa­re­zi qon­daT qu­Tais­Si.
Cve­ni cno­bi­li sa­zo­ga­do da sa­xel­mwi­fo ka­ce­bi im dros
q. qu­Tais­Si iy­vnen Tav­moy­ril­ni. qar­Tu­li prob­le­me­bi um­
Tav­re­sad qu­Tais­Si isa­xe­bod­nen da vrcel­de­bod­nen ideur
ga­ta­ce­biT mo­mu­Sa­ve jgu­fe­bis­gan. qu­Tai­si ina­xav­da qar­
Tul suls, qu­Tai­si erov­nu­li cen­tri iyo ma­Sin­del sa­
qar­Tve­lo­si. qar­Tve­li in­te­li­gen­te­bi qar­Tul qa­la­qis
sa­na­xa­vad qu­Tais­Si mie­Su­re­bo­da, qu­Tai­si qar­Tu­li sev­dis
qa­la­qi iyo.
ase iyo ma­Sin, ro­ca sa­qar­Tve­lo TviT­mpyro­bel ru­
se­Tis mo­na iyo, vin ifiq­reb­da, rom gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bul
sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ase gai­yi­ne­bo­da da mok­vde­bo­da qu­Tai­si.
gan­sac­vif­re­be­li am­ba­via! qu­Tais­Si aRa­ra­vin dar­Ce­ni­la.
qu­Tai­si mom­kvda­ra. igi am­Ja­mad mi­li­ciis xel­Sia, arc er­
Ti sa­zo­ga­do moR­va­we, rom­le­bic aq mqu­xa­reb­dnen re­vo­
lu­ciis pir­vel xa­neb­Si, dRes aq aRar arian.
qar­Tu­li kul­tu­ra mar­to de­da qa­laq­Si ki ar un­da
iyos Ca­bu­de­bu­li, ara­med is ga­na­wi­le­bu­li un­da iyos
mTel sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si“.

`ba­To­mis cxov­re­ba“, #8, 1921

161
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ქუთაისელი ებრაელების,
„აგუდატ ისრაელის“, წერილი
ქართული მთავრობისადმი:

`uk­ve mra­va­li we­lia qar­Tve­li eb­rae­le­bi me­gob­ru­lad

da Zmu­rad cxov­ro­ben qar­Tvel qris­tia­neb­Tan er­Tad sa­
qar­Tve­lo­Si. er­Ti ena, tra­di­cie­bi da sam­Sob­lo­sad­mi
siy­va­ru­li ar uS­liT maT xels, rom hqon­deT gan­sxva­ve­
bu­li re­li­gia da cxov­rob­dnen er­Tad. ma­Sin, ro­ca sa­
qar­Tve­lom mii­Ro da­mou­ki­deb­lo­ba da SeuZ­lia Ta­vi­siT
war­mar­Tos qvey­nis po­li­ti­ka, qar­Tve­li eb­rae­le­bi, ro­
gorc sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­kis mo­qa­la­qee­bi Tavs mo­va­
led miiC­ne­ven, rom iz­ru­non Ta­vianT sam­Sob­lo­ze. isi­ni
qar­Tve­leb­Tan er­Tad, xe­li-xel mzad arian iz­ru­non sam­
Sob­lo­ze po­li­ti­ku­ri, eko­no­mi­ku­ri da sa­zo­ga­doeb­ri­vi
sa­kiT­xe­bis mo­sag­va­reb­lad. rac See­xe­ba su­lier da re­li­
giur sa­kiT­xebs, eb­rae­le­bi mtki­ced gaag­rZe­le­ben Ta­vianT
tra­di­ciebs da WeS­ma­ri­ti eb­rae­le­bi dar­Ce­bian. Tum­ca,
`agu­dat is­rae­lis“ war­mo­mad­gen­leb­ma gai­ges, rom Tbi­
lis­Si ik­ri­be­ba eb­rae­le­bis na­cio­na­lu­ri ko­mi­te­ti eb­rau­
li na­cio­na­lu­ri sa­kiT­xe­bis ga­da­saw­yve­tad, Tum­ca, ma­Ti
gaer­Tia­ne­bis sa­xe­liT am­bo­ben, rom am ko­mi­tets ara­fe­ri
aqvs saer­To eb­rael xal­xTan. swo­red ami­tom, `agu­dat is­
rae­li“, qar­Tvel eb­rael­Ta sa­xe­liT pro­tests uc­xa­debs
maT. swo­red ami­tom, sa­qar­Tve­los par­la­men­tSi iT­xo­ven 2
ad­gils nam­dvi­li qar­Tve­li eb­rae­le­bis­Tvis“.

«Тифлисъ», #33, 1918

162
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

* * *
`s. tyi­bu­li − es mrew­ve­lo­bis cen­tri ok­ri­bis mxa­ri­
sa, dRes scdi­lobs Tu win ar waus­wrebs ukan mainc aRar
dar­Ces mas­zed kul­tu­ruls, win wa­sul sof­lebs. tyi­bu­
lis erT mu­Wa mo­wi­na­ve pi­reb­Si di­di xa­nia ar­se­bob­da sur­
vi­li sa­xal­xo sax­lis (Teat­ris) aSe­ne­bi­sa.
am mxriv iyo ga­dad­gmu­li ra­mo­de­ni­me na­bi­ji.
dRes es sur­vi­li gan­xor­cie­le­bis pro­ces­Sia. tyi­bu­
lis qva­nax­Si­ris gam­gem in­Ji­ner­ma zria­nin­ma aRuT­qva so­
fels sko­li­sa da saa­vad­myo­fos aSe­ne­ba, Tu mci­reo­den
wvlils mainc ga­moi­Rebs ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mcxov­reb­ni. man­ve
ufa­sod dauT­mo Se­sa­fe­ri Se­no­ba sa­xal­xo sax­lis­Tvis. sa­
Wi­roa am sax­lis aSe­ne­ba Se­sa­fe­ris ad­gil­ze. sa­Wi­roa mi­si
sa­Ta­na­doT mow­yo­ba.
yo­vel­gvar ma­sa­lis uC­veu­lo siZ­vi­re gvai­Zu­lebs Cven
miv­mar­ToT sa­qar­Tve­los yve­la kuT­xis qvel mom­qmedT
aR­mog­vi­Ci­non dax­ma­re­ba ri­Tic da ro­go­rac ki SeiZ­le­ba.
Cven miv­mar­TavT sa­qar­Tve­los er­Tgul SvilT aR­mog­vi­Ci­
non dax­ma­re­ba da xal­xi­saT­vis me­tad sa­sar­geb­lo saq­mis
dag­vir­gvi­ne­ba Seg­vaZ­le­bieT, ga­na zed-me­ti ar iq­ne­ba imis
gan­mar­te­ba, Tu ra did mniS­vne­lo­va­nia sa­xal­xo sax­li yve­
las­Tvis?..“

`re­vo­lu­ciu­ri no­ba­Ti“, #26, 1918

163
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

ს. მათხოჯი
(ქუთაისის მაზრა)

`maT­xo­ji daax­loe­biT xu­Tas komls Sei­cavs. es so­fe­li

kul­tu­rul sof­laT iT­vle­ba. in­te­li­gen­cia sak­maod yavs.
di­di xni­dan ar­se­bobs mom­xma­re­be­li sa­zo­ga­doe­ba, wignT-
sa­cav sam­kiT­xve­lo. maT­xo­jel­Ta ini­cia­ti­viT gaix­sna na­
xa­xu­le­vis sa­sof­lo sam­mar­Tve­los­Tan Sem­nax­vel gam­ses­
xe­be­li am­xa­na­go­ba, ro­me­lic am bo­lo dros sak­re­di­toT
ga­da­keT­da. gax­sni­lia so­fel­Si ram­de­ni­me pir­vel­daw­ye­bi­
Ti sas­wav­le­be­li. na­xa­xu­le­vis umaR­les pir­vel daw­ye­biT
sas­wav­leb­lis mo­wa­fe­Ta um­rav­le­so­bas maT­xo­jel­Ta oja­
xe­bi Sead­ge­nen. saer­Tod un­da iT­qvas, rom swav­las xal­xi
di­daT eta­ne­ba, mag­ram swav­lis saq­me arc ax­la aris da­ye­
ne­bu­li ise, rom pe­da­go­giis ele­men­ta­rul moT­xov­ni­le­
bas ak­ma­yo­fi­leb­des. am ram­de­ni­me wlis wi­naT na­xa­xu­le­
vis or­kla­sian sas­wav­le­bel­ma gax­sna Ta­vi­si gan­yo­fi­le­ba
s. maT­xoj­Si, vi­nai­dan iq e.i na­xa­xu­lev­Si Se­no­ba ar itev­
da. sa­ku­Ta­ri Se­no­bac ar aris. me­ca­di­neo­ba ux­de­baT xan
erT da xan meo­re na­qi­ra­veb sax­lSi, ro­me­lic sko­lis­Tvis
yov­lad ga­mou­sa­de­ga­ria. iyo Sem­Txve­va, rom erT Se­no­ba­
Si ori sak­la­so oTa­xi iyo mo­Tav­se­bu­li. Se­no­ba ar iyo
ga­tix­ru­li da aseT pi­ro­beb­Si mu­Sao­bis dros swav­le­bis
ma­giv­raT wva­le­bas qon­da ad­gi­li. ar SeiZ­le­ba iT­qvas, rom
xalxs ar qo­no­des sa­Sua­le­ba sko­lis­Tvis Se­no­bis age­bis,
mag­ram ar aris ise­Ti pi­rov­ne­ba, ro­me­lic sa­zo­ga­doe­bis
Wir­va­ram­ze zru­nav­des ara mar­to sit­yviT, ara­med saq­
miT. ga­ci­le­biT uke­Tes mdgo­ma­reo­ba­Si aris Ca­ye­ne­bu­li
eg­reT wo­de­bu­li sam­rev­lo sko­la. mas Ta­vi­si sa­ku­Ta­ri
Se­no­ba mainc aqvs, mag­ ram arc aq aris yo­ ve­
li­ ve rig­
ze.

164
 ქუთაისის ოლქი

mas­wav­le­be­li ima­ve dros fer­Sa­lic aris. mis pro­fe­sia­ze

xalxs xom saz­Rap­ro moT­xov­ni­le­ba aqvs dRes sof­lad.
mas­wav­le­be­lic kac­Tmoy­va­reo­bis Tu sxva mi­ze­ze­bis ga­mo
er­Tgu­laT em­sa­xu­re­ba xal­xis ga­jan­mrTe­le­bis saq­mes.
yo­ve­li mo­wa­fe sa­mos­wav­lo wlis na­xe­var­Si 50 ma­neTs
ix­dis sao­ja­xo Tu sxva xar­je­bis da­sa­fa­ra­vaT. Tu sad mi­
dis, an ro­gor da ram­de­ni ixar­je­ba fu­li, xal­xma es ar
icis, rac sa­fuZ­vlia­nad uk­ma­yo­fi­le­bas ba­debs.
ro­gorc ze­moT aR­vniS­ne, ar­se­bobs Cvens so­fel­Si sam­
kiT­xve­lo. ram­de­ni­me pe­rio­du­li ga­mo­ce­mac un­da iyos
ga­mo­we­ri­li. mxo­loT mo­dis Tu ara, an sad mi­dis ga­ze­Te­
bi, alax­ma uw­yis. er­Ti ki cxa­dia, rom sam­kiT­xve­lo­Si or
Tve­ze ad­rin­del no­mers ver na­xav. TviT Se­no­ba na­par­
taxs waa­gavs da me­tad an­ti­sa­ni­ta­riul mdgo­ma­reo­ba­Si
im­yo­fe­ba...“
`Sro­ma“, #20, 1919

165
 ნაწილი II

ანალიტიკური
სტატიები
 Tei­mu­raz be­Ja­ni­Ze
ma­riam gu­liaS­v i­li

მშრომელთა პროტესტი და
ორგანიზების ფორმები
1918-1921 წლებში

so­cia­lu­ri pro­tes­ti da mi­si po­li­ti­ku­ri traeq­to­

riis Ses­wav­la is uni­ka­lu­ri sa­Sua­le­baa, rom­lis dax­ma­re­
bi­Tac Seg­viZ­lia kon­kre­tul is­to­riul epo­qa­Si mim­di­na­re
sa­mo­qa­la­qo da po­li­ti­ku­ri cxov­re­bis, Za­lauf­le­ba­ze da­
mo­ki­de­bu­le­bis, po­li­ti­kis ra­cio­na­lu­ro­bis an/da de­mok­
ra­tiu­li me­qa­niz­mis qme­di­Tu­na­ria­no­bis ga­ge­ba. sau­ke­Te­so
gza imis da­sad­ge­nad, Tu ro­go­ri iyo mo­qa­la­qe­Ta po­li­ti­
ku­ri Car­Tu­lo­ba ad­gi­lob­riv do­ne­ze pir­ve­li de­mok­ra­
tiu­li res­pub­li­kis pe­riod­Si, ram­de­nad ai­sa­xe­bo­da mo­qa­
la­qe­Ta in­te­re­se­bi po­li­ti­kur wi­naaR­mde­go­ba­Si da iyo Tu
ara pro­tes­ti, ro­gorc ra­di­ka­lu­ri po­li­ti­ku­ri aq­ti da
ar­se­bu­li prob­le­me­bis mog­va­re­bis me­qa­niz­mi, Se­saZ­le­be­lia
ama­ve pe­riod­Si ar­se­bu­li so­cia­lu­ri wi­naaR­mde­go­be­bis,
sap­ro­tes­to ga­mos­vle­bis mo­bi­li­za­ciis stra­te­gie­bi­sa da
moT­xov­ne­bis Ses­wav­la-ana­li­zis gziT.
ko­leq­tiu­ri moq­me­de­be­bi­sa Tu ga­mos­vle­bis gaa­na­li­ze­
ba sa­Sua­le­bas mog­vcems war­mod­ge­na Se­viq­mnaT am pe­rio­
dis sa­mo­qa­la­qo da po­li­ti­kur cxov­re­ba­ze. es ki, Ta­vis
mxriv, dag­vex­ma­re­ba kar­gad ga­viaz­roT, Tu ra­tom rCe­ba es

169
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

pe­rio­di sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si de­mok­ra­tiu­li maq­si­ma­liz­mis ni­

mu­Sad, ra­tom aris gaZ­lie­re­bu­li aka­de­miu­ri wree­bis in­
te­re­si kon­kre­tu­lad am pe­rio­dis po­li­ti­ku­ri vi­Ta­re­bis
Ses­wav­li­sad­mi an/da ra ti­pis fa­seu­lo­bebs efuZ­ne­bo­da im­
droin­de­li sa­zo­ga­doe­ba.
ze­moaR­niS­nu­li­dan ga­mom­di­na­re, mniS­vne­lo­va­nia ga­viaz­
roT, Tu ra ti­pis ada­mian­Ta er­To­beb­ma moa­xer­xes pir­ve­li
de­mok­ra­tiu­li res­pub­li­kis pi­ro­beb­Si `re­vo­lu­ciis war­
moe­ba“. ra­sak­vir­ve­lia, ter­min `re­vo­lu­cia­Si“ aq ar moiaz­
re­ba kla­si­ku­ri mniS­vne­lo­biT am­bo­xi an erov­nu­li mo­bi­
li­za­cia. 1918-1921 wle­bis pe­rio­dul ga­mo­ce­meb­Si xSi­rad
gvxvde­ba es ter­mi­ni, ro­gorc im­pe­ria­lis­tu­ri sis­te­mis
mi­marT ko­leq­tiu­ri wi­naaR­mde­go­bis, da­mou­ki­deb­lo­bis ga­
moc­xa­de­bi­sa da sa­xel­mwi­fos Se­ne­bis ga­mo­xa­tu­le­ba.
1918-1921 wle­bis sa­qar­Tve­los re­gio­neb­Si mim­di­na­re wi­
naaR­mde­go­beb­ze ar ar­se­bobs struq­tu­ri­re­bu­li ma­sa­la da
kvle­vis wya­rod swo­red im­droin­de­li pe­rio­du­li pre­sa
gvev­li­ne­ba, ro­me­lic, Ta­vis mxriv, frag­men­tu­li xa­sia­Ti­
saa. ami­to­mac Ta­vi­dan­ve gvin­da gan­vmar­toT, rom am pe­rio­
dis so­cia­lu­ri wi­naaR­mde­go­be­bis sru­li su­ra­Tis aR­dge­na
zed­me­tad am­bi­ciu­ri mi­za­ni iq­ne­bo­da. rTu­lia zed­mi­wev­niT
vi­saub­roT im mi­ze­zeb­sa Tu mo­ti­veb­ze, rom­le­bic am epo­
qis ada­mia­nebs ubiZ­geb­da, gaer­Tia­ne­bu­liy­vnen ko­leq­tiu­
rad or­ga­ni­ze­bul jgu­fe­bad da mo­na­wi­leo­ba mie­RoT 1918-
1921 wleb­Si ga­mar­Tul sap­ro­tes­to ga­mos­vleb­Si. kvle­vi­
sas er­Tgvar obieq­tur Sez­Rud­vas war­moad­gen­da is, rom
in­for­ma­ciis sim­wi­ri­sa da mi­si sta­ti­ku­ri bu­ne­bis ga­mo,
xSir Sem­Txve­va­Si, SeuZ­le­be­li iyo am pro­ce­sis mo­na­wi­le­Ta
mo­ti­ve­bis amo­kiT­xva da war­mo­Ce­na. miu­xe­da­vad ami­sa, am­gva­
ri moZ­rao­be­bis Ses­wav­la dag­vex­ma­re­ba av­xsnaT, Tu ra­tom
aris sa­mo­qa­la­qo aq­ti­viz­mi mniS­vne­lo­va­ni de­mok­ra­tiu­li
me­qa­niz­mi da ra ro­li SeiZ­le­ba hqon­des ad­gi­lob­riv ini­

170
 მშრომელთა პროტესტი და
ორგანიზების ფორმები 1918-1921 წლებში

cia­ti­vas de­mok­ra­tiu­li idee­bis gan­xor­cie­le­bis pro­ces­

Si.
sta­tia saar­qi­vo ma­sa­le­bis Ses­wav­lis gziT iden­ti­fi­
ci­re­bu­li ko­leq­tiu­ri for­ma­cie­bi­sa da ma­Ti taq­ti­kis
aR­we­ris mcde­lo­baa. kvle­vis me­To­dad ga­mo­ye­ne­bu­lia kon­
tent-ana­li­zi, ro­me­lic dae­fuZ­na 1918-1921 wle­bis pe­rio­
dul pre­sas.

I. ko­leq­tiu­ri gaer­Tia­ne­be­bi

cen­tra­lu­ri beW­du­ri me­dia­sa­Sua­le­be­bis1 gver­deb­ze

xSi­rad vxvde­biT sta­tiebs, rom­leb­Sic siR­rmi­seu­lad aris
aR­we­ri­li ru­se­Tis im­pe­ria­sa da sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ar­se­bu­li
mZi­me so­cia­lur-eko­no­mi­ku­ri fo­ni. maT­Si naT­lad Cans
isic, rom 1918-1921 wleb­Si sa­qar­Tve­los da­mou­ki­de­bel
sa­xel­mwi­fos ar gaaC­nda da­mou­ki­de­be­li eko­no­mi­ku­ri sis­
te­ma, ro­mel­sac SeeZ­lo ga­daeW­ra eko­no­mi­ku­ri si­dux­Wi­ris
prob­le­ma. amas­Tan, un­da aRi­niS­nos, rom po­li­ti­ku­ri in­
sti­tu­te­bi faq­tob­ri­vad im pe­riod­Si ya­lib­de­bo­da da iw­
yeb­da fun­qcio­ni­re­bas. Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, mi­zan­Se­wo­ni­lia vi­fiq­
roT, rom swo­red am dros Cae­ya­ra sa­fuZ­ve­li sa­qar­Tve­lo­
Si Za­lian bevr mu­Sa­Ta ko­leq­tiur gaer­Tia­ne­bas. ro­gorc
kvle­va cxad­yofs, am ti­pis gaer­Tia­ne­be­bi gan­sa­kuT­re­biT
gav­rce­le­bu­li iyo cen­tris­gan mo­So­re­biT, pe­ri­fe­rieb­Si.
gaer­Tia­ne­beb­ma, ro­gorc in­sti­tu­ciu­rad, ise ideo­lo­giu­
ri Tval­saz­ri­si­Tac, mniS­vne­lo­va­ni ad­gi­li dai­ka­ves sa­
zo­ga­doeb­riv cxov­re­ba­Si, ra­mac xe­li Seuw­yo sa­xel­mwi­fo
po­li­ti­kis kon­kre­tu­li mi­mar­Tu­le­be­bis Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bas,
xal­xis mxri­dan wa­mo­ye­ne­bu­li moT­xov­ne­bis sa­zo­ga­doeb­ri­
vi dRis wes­rig­Si Se­ta­nis gar­kveul praq­ti­kas.

1 igu­lis­xme­ba par­tie­bis cen­tra­lu­ri or­ga­noe­bi (`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, `er­

To­ba“, `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“ da sxv.).

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pe­rio­du­li ma­sa­le­bis Ses­wav­lis sa­fuZ­vel­ze SeiZ­le­ba

ga­moi­yos sxva­das­xva ti­pis gaer­Tia­ne­be­bi, rom­le­bic sak­
vlev pe­riod­Si iq­mne­bo­da da fun­qcio­ni­reb­da. ese­nia: pro­
fe­siu­li kav­Si­re­bi (Ta­vi­si ad­gi­lob­ri­vi da cen­tra­lu­ri
er­Teu­le­biT); mu­Sa­Ta Tvi­Tor­ga­ni­ze­bu­li gaer­Tia­ne­be­bi,
rom­le­bic mu­Saob­dnen ad­gi­lob­riv ba­za­ze da nak­le­bad
ur­Tier­Tob­dnen cen­trTan; koo­pe­ra­ciu­li gaer­Tia­ne­be­bi,
rom­le­bic sak­maod did rols Ta­ma­Sob­dnen eko­no­mi­ku­ri
po­li­ti­kis war­moe­ba­Si.
aR­niS­nu­li moZ­rao­be­bis po­li­ti­ku­ri taq­ti­ka ar xa­siaT­
de­ba ga­mo­xat­vis er­Tgva­ro­va­ni for­me­biT an pro­tes­tis er­
Tnai­ri Si­naar­siT. mas­Si xSi­rad vxvde­biT ro­gorc wi­naaR­
mde­go­bis ga­mo­xat­vis zo­mier, ise ra­di­ka­lur for­meb­sac.
ko­leq­tiu­ri gaer­Tia­ne­be­bi er­Tma­ne­Tis­gan gan­sxvav­de­bo­da
ag­reT­ve sxva er­To­beb­Tan Tu cen­tra­lur xe­li­suf­le­bas­
Tan ma­Ti ur­Tier­To­bis six­Si­riT.

I.I. pro­fe­siu­li kav­Si­re­bi

da­mou­ki­deb­lo­bis aR­dge­nis Sem­deg sa­qar­Tve­los sxva­

das­xva re­gio­nul cen­trSi mu­Sa­Ta sab­Woeb­ma miz­nad dai­
sa­xes ga­moer­kviaT, Tu ra da­saq­me­bis sfe­roe­bi ar­se­bob­da
im dros sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si. ga­mom­di­na­re iqi­dan, rom TiT­qmis
yve­la pro­fe­siu­li da­saq­me­bis cen­trSi Sei­niS­ne­bo­da in­
sti­tu­ciu­ri si­sus­te, ga­daw­yvi­tes Seeq­mnaT pro­fe­siu­li
kav­Si­re­bi, ro­me­lic gan­sxva­ve­bu­li iyo ro­gorc cen­trSi,
ise cen­trze da­mo­ki­de­bu­li pe­ri­fe­riu­li pro­fe­siu­li
dar­ge­bis mi­xed­viT.

`re­vo­lu­ciis pir­vel dReeb­Si, mu­Sa­Ta sab­Wom ga­

mo­yo ko­mi­sia, ro­mel­sac da­va­le­bu­li hqon­da yve­la
pro­fe­sieb­Si Seeq­mna pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­Si­ri. ra­

172
 მშრომელთა პროტესტი და
ორგანიზების ფორმები 1918-1921 წლებში

mo­de­ni­me dRis Sem­deg ko­mi­siam daam­Tav­ra mu­Sao­ba

da ga­moir­kva, rom qu­Tais­Si 30-ze me­ti mu­Sa­Ta pro­
fe­sia yo­fi­la. ko­mi­siam sa­Wi­roT dai­na­xa mo­na­Te­sa­
ve pro­fe­sie­bis Seer­Te­biT uf­ro Zlie­ri kav­Si­re­bi
Seq­mni­li­yo. es mox­da, ra Tqma un­da, ama Tu im pro­
fe­sieb­Tan Se­Tan­xme­biT. da am Seer­Te­bis Sem­deg uk­ve
Ca­mo­ya­lib­da 10 pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri kav­Si­ri, rom­le­
bic Seud­gnen mu­Sao­bas“. 2

ro­gorc pe­rio­du­li ga­mo­ce­me­bi­dan vge­bu­lobT, mu­Sa­

Ta pro­fe­siu­li kav­Si­re­bis Ca­mo­ya­li­be­ba­sa da gaer­Tia­ne­
bas sak­maod bev­ri prob­le­ma eq­mne­bo­da. Zi­ri­Ta­dad SeiZ­
le­ba ga­mov­kve­ToT mu­Sa­Ta pro­fe­siu­li kav­Si­re­bis saq­
mia­no­bis ori mi­mar­Tu­le­ba. pir­vel xa­neb­Si pro­fe­siu­li
kav­Si­re­bi um­Tav­res yu­rad­Re­bas aq­cev­dnen eko­no­mi­ku­ri
pi­ro­be­bis gaum­jo­be­se­bas. meo­re mi­mar­Tu­le­bad SeiZ­le­ba
ga­mov­yoT mu­Sa­Ta ideu­ri mom­za­de­ba, rac um­Tav­re­sad ga­
moi­xa­te­bo­da sa­ja­ro leq­cie­bis or­ga­ni­ze­bi­Ta da axal­
gaz­rda mu­Se­bis­Tvis sa­Ra­mos swav­le­bis sko­le­bis daar­se­
biT. rac See­xe­ba mu­Sa­Ta pro­fe­siu­li kav­Si­re­bis struq­
tu­ras, is araer­Tgva­ro­va­ni iyo, Tum­ca, SeiZ­le­ba iT­qvas,
rom yve­la kav­Sirs hqon­da saer­To cen­tri. ma­ga­li­Tad,
ime­re­Tis er­To­bis cen­tra­lur prof­kav­Si­rul or­ga­nos
er­qva `kav­Si­ris sab­Wo“. mas hyav­da mdi­va­ni, rom­lis mTa­
var mo­va­leo­bas war­moad­gen­da gas­cno­bo­da mu­Sa­Ta prob­
le­meb­sa Tu sa­wu­xars da gae­wia ideu­ri xel­mZRva­ne­lo­ba
sru­liad pro­fe­siu­li kav­Si­re­bis wi­na­Se. wya­roe­bi gvam­
cnobs ima­sac, rom xSi­rad axal­gaz­rda mu­Sebs `xa­zei­ne­
bi3“ ar uS­veb­dnen sas­wav­leb­leb­Si da am prob­le­mis mog­
va­re­ba­sac pro­fe­siu­li kav­Si­ris Ta­nam­Srom­le­bi ume­tes­

2 social-demokrati“, #444, 1918

3 igu­lis­xme­ba dam­saq­me­be­li.

173
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

wi­lad cen­tra­lur xe­li­suf­le­bas akis­reb­dnen. erT-erT

sta­tia­Si vkiT­xu­lobT:

`sa­Wi­roa yu­rad­Re­bis miq­ce­va. miu­xe­da­vaT imi­sa,

rom Sro­mis ko­mi­sar­ma uk­ve gan­kar­gu­le­ba moax­di­
na, rom yve­la dar­gis Se­gir­de­bi un­da ga­Ta­vi­suf­le­
bu­liy­ven sa­Ra­mos 5 saa­Ti­dan Sko­la­Si sa­sia­ru­lod,
zo­gier­Ti xa­zei­ne­bi mainc ar uS­ve­ben Se­gir­debs sko­
la­Si da Ra­mis 0 saa­Tam­de amu­Sa­ve­ben. sa­Wi­roa am ga­
re­moe­bas yu­rad­Re­ba miaq­cios, ro­gorc pro­fe­sio­na­
lur­ma kav­Si­reb­ma, ag­reT­ve Sro­mis ko­mi­sar­mac. dam­
na­Sa­ve xa­zei­ne­bi pa­su­xis ge­ba­Si mis­cen“.4

ideu­ri xel­mZRva­ne­le­bi did mniS­vne­lo­bas ani­Web­dnen

gan­sa­kuT­re­biT axal­gaz­rda mu­Se­bis ga­dam­za­de­bas, rac, ma­
Ti az­riT, eko­no­mi­ku­ri mdgo­ma­reo­bis gaum­jo­be­se­bis erT-
er­Ti mTa­va­ri wi­na­pi­ro­ba iyo.
Wia­Tu­ris pro­fe­siu­li kav­Si­ris Se­sa­xeb mo­po­ve­bul cno­
beb­ze day­rdno­biT ir­kve­va, rom mu­Sa­Ta pro­fe­siu­li gaer­Tia­
ne­bis struq­tu­ra­Si ar­se­bob­da prof­kav­Si­ris wev­rTa mi­marT
an­ga­riS­val­de­bu­le­bis prin­ci­pi − gam­geo­ba yo­vel­wliur an­ga­
riSs aba­reb­da sa­zo­ga­do kre­bas. erT-erT pub­li­ka­cia­Si, ro­
me­lic Wia­Tu­ris Sa­vi qvis mom­sa­xu­re­Ta pro­fe­siul kav­Sir­ze
mog­viT­xrobs, amis Se­sa­xe­bac aris in­for­ma­cia:

`am sa­zo­ga­do kre­bis­Tvis war­sad­ge­nad gam­geo­bam

un­da daam­za­dos mTe­li wlis an­ga­ri­Si...“ 5

ozur­ge­Tis sa­maz­ro mu­Sa­Ta pro­fe­siu­li kav­Si­ri­sa da

lan­Cxu­Tis raio­nis gam­geo­bis moq­me­de­beb­Si SeiZ­le­ba amo­

4 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #444, 1918

5 „erToba“, #208, 1918

174
 მშრომელთა პროტესტი და
ორგანიზების ფორმები 1918-1921 წლებში

vi­kiT­xoT pro­fe­siu­li kav­Si­re­bis saq­mia­no­bis ki­dev er­Ti

mi­mar­Tu­le­ba − gu­ria­Si ltol­vil­Ta so­cia­lu­ri ga­Wir­ve­bis
aR­mof­xvris mcde­lo­ba, anu prof­kav­Sir­ma miz­nad dai­sa­xa ag­
reT­ve `ltol­vi­li am­xa­na­ge­bis dax­ma­re­ba“. ese igi, pro­fe­
siu­li kav­Si­ri pa­su­xis­mgeb­lo­bas iReb­da ara mxo­lod mas­Si
da­saq­me­bu­li wev­re­bis cxov­re­bis gaum­jo­be­se­ba­ze, ara­med,
zo­ga­dad, Te­mis eko­no­mi­ku­ri cxov­re­bis do­nis amaR­le­ba­ze.

I.II. mu­Sa­Ta Tvi­Tor­ga­ni­ze­bu­li kav­Si­re­bi

sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si mu­Sa­Ta moZ­rao­bis gaZ­lie­re­bis ki­dev er­
Ti ko­leq­tiu­ri iden­to­bis ni­mu­Sia `mu­Sa­Ta klu­bi“, rom­lis
sa­ma­ga­li­To mo­dels vxvde­biT qu­Tai­sis maz­ra­Si. am klu­bis
amo­ca­nas war­moad­gen­da gar­kveu­li Ro­nis­Zie­be­bis meS­veo­biT
fi­nan­su­rad da ideu­rad gaeZ­lie­re­bi­naT mu­Sa­Ta moZ­rao­ba.
saa­mi­sod iye­neb­dnen ara mxo­lod tra­di­ciul me­To­debs (sa­wev­
ros mok­re­bas), ara­med ase­ve mar­Tav­dnen kul­tu­rul Ro­nis­Zie­
beb­sac. ma­ga­li­Tad, ga­zeT `er­To­bis“ fur­cleb­ze moy­va­ni­lia
cno­ba zaf­xu­lis Ra­mis klu­bis6 Se­sa­xeb, rom­lis dax­ma­re­bi­Tac
mu­Sa­Ta kav­Si­reb­ma moa­xer­xes 8000 ma­ne­Tis Seg­ro­ve­ba.
aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom raio­nu­li gam­geo­be­bi in­fras­truq­tu­
ru­li gan­vi­Ta­re­bis Tval­saz­ri­siT xels uw­yob­dnen mu­Sa­Ta
moZ­rao­bis ise­Ti er­Teu­le­bis gaZ­lie­re­bas, ro­go­re­bi­caa
pro­fe­siu­li kav­Si­re­bi, mu­Sa­Ta Tvi­Tor­ga­ni­ze­bu­li er­To­be­
bi da a.S., sTa­va­zob­dnen maT spe­cia­lur siv­rceebs, bib­lio­
Te­kebs. yo­ve­li­ve es Ta­vis­Ta­vad xels uw­yob­da am kav­Si­rebs,
rom isi­ni ki­dev uf­ro gaZ­lie­re­bu­liy­vnen in­sti­tu­ciu­rad.

`bo­los es siZ­ne­lec daZ­leul iq­na ra­mo­de­ni­

me am­xa­na­ge­bis ener­giu­li me­ca­di­neo­biT da qa­la­qis
gam­geo­bis dax­ma­re­biT, ro­mel­mac dauT­mo bib­lio­

6 `er­To­ba“, #209, 1918

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

Te­ki­saT­vis gan­zra­xu­li bi­na. na­Sov­nia ise­Ti bi­na, sa­

dac aramc Tu klu­bi, ara­med mTe­li qu­Tai­sis mu­Sa­Ta
or­ga­ni­za­cie­bi, ro­go­ric aris mag. pro­fe­sio­na­lu­ri
kav­Si­re­bi da sx. mo­Tav­sde­ba, mu­Sa­Ta klubs aqvs mSve­
nie­ri dar­ba­zi, sa­dac Tu me­ti ara, ori aTa­si ada­mia­ni
mainc dae­te­va. es bi­na mSve­nier ala­gas aris, iq, sa­dac
wi­naT sa­gu­ber­nio sa­sur­sa­To ko­mi­te­ti iyo. am ri­gaT,
sa­dac es klu­bi iq­ne­ba, mis gar­Se­mo Se­mok­re­bi­li aris
mTe­li mu­Sa­Ta or­ga­ni­za­cie­bi, am gva­raT TiT­qmis um­
Tav­re­si siZ­ne­le bi­nis uqon­lo­bi­sa, daZ­leu­li iq­na“. 7

I.III. koo­pe­ra­ciu­li kav­Si­re­bi

`roC­de­lis (qa­la­qi in­glis­Si) 28 fei­qa­ri pio­ne­
re­bi koo­pe­ra­cii­sa im dros, ro­de­sac maT pir­vel
koo­pe­ra­tiul sa­vaW­ros gax­snis dros bav­Sve­bic ki
das­ci­nod­nen, sru­lia­dac ar fiq­rob­dnen, rom diad
is­to­riul mov­le­nas uy­rian sa­Zir­kvels, mag­ram ma­Ti
daw­ye­bu­li saq­me sa­ma­ga­li­Tod Seiq­mna mTe­li qvey­ne­
bi­saT­vis. Cve­ni koo­pe­ra­tiu­li moZ­rao­bac sru­liad
ar Sed­rke­ba ar­se­bul mdgo­ma­reo­biT, vi­nai­dan koo­
pe­ra­cia, ro­mel­sac mou­lod­ne­lad Cae­ya­ra sa­Zir­kve­
li Cven­Si da ro­mel­sac Cve­ni qvey­nis da xal­xis bu­ne­
ba sau­ke­Te­so as­pa­rezs uS­lis, Ta­vis praq­ti­kul da
Seum­Cne­vel mu­Sao­biT yve­la­saT­vis na­Tel yofs Ta­vis
miz­nebs da da­niS­nu­le­bas“.8

mZi­me so­cia­lur-eko­no­mi­kur pi­ro­beb­Si, 1918-1921 wle­

bis sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si sa­fuZ­ve­li Cae­ya­ra iseT far­To xal­xur
moZ­rao­bas, ro­go­ri­caa koo­pe­ra­ciu­li moZ­rao­ba. igi miz­
nad isa­xav­da xal­xis eko­no­mi­kur gaZ­lie­re­bas, meur­neo­bis

7 erToba“,#209, 1918
8 koo­pe­ra­tiu­li moZ­rao­ba sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si, `sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #784, 1919

176
 მშრომელთა პროტესტი და
ორგანიზების ფორმები 1918-1921 წლებში

aRor­Zi­ne­ba-ay­va­ve­ba­sa da sa­mar­Tlian re­dis­tri­bu­cias.

koo­pe­ra­ciu­li moZ­rao­be­bi xal­xis wiaR­Si war­moiS­va da Zi­
ri­Ta­dad TviT­moq­me­de­bis nia­dag­ze vi­Tar­de­bo­da.9
im pe­rio­dis saer­Ta­So­ri­so ga­moc­di­le­biT koo­pe­ra­ti­
ve­bis mra­va­li ti­pi ar­se­bob­da: es iyo sak­re­di­to, sa­mom­
xma­reb­lo, mwar­moe­be­li, Sem­syid­vel-gam­ses­xe­be­li da sxv.
sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si yve­la­ze me­tad gav­rce­le­bu­li iyo sak­re­di­
to da sa­mom­xma­reb­lo koo­pe­ra­ti­ve­bi. sak­re­di­to koo­pe­ra­
ti­ve­bis Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bis is­to­ria sa­Ta­ves iRebs XX sau­ku­nis
da­saw­yi­si­dan. 1914 wlis­Tvis uk­ve 286 sak­re­di­to koo­pe­ra­
ti­vi ar­se­bob­da. 1914 wli­dan ma­Ti ric­xvi mkveT­rad Sem­ci­
re­bu­la da pir­ve­li de­mok­ra­tiu­li res­pub­li­kis pe­riod­Si
daax­loe­biT 30 sak­re­di­to koo­pe­ra­ti­vi dar­Ce­ni­la, rom­
leb­sac saq­mee­bis war­moe­ba SeeZ­loT.10 am mxriv ga­mor­Ceu­li
iyo ka­xe­Tis sak­re­di­to koo­pe­ra­ti­vi, ro­mel­mac, miu­xe­da­
vad eko­no­mi­ku­ri kri­zi­si­sa, Ta­vis ga­dar­Ce­nac SeZ­lo da
mo­kav­Si­re koo­pe­ra­ti­ve­bi­sac. 1919 wlis­Tvis ka­xe­Tis kav­
Sir­ma Seier­Ta sxva sa­mom­xma­reb­lo koo­pe­ra­ti­ve­bi da pro­
fi­li Seic­va­la. sak­re­di­to koo­pe­ra­ti­ve­bi ki, ro­gorc `sa­
xal­xo saq­mis“ wya­ro11 gvam­cnobs, um­Tav­re­sad mTav­ro­bis
ini­cia­ti­viT iq­mne­bo­da da mu­dam Ci­nov­ni­ke­bis xel­Si iyo.
da­mou­ki­deb­lo­bis aR­dge­nis pir­vel xa­neb­Si koo­pe­ra­
ciu­li or­ga­ni­za­cie­bis ini­cia­ti­ve­bi sak­maod re­vo­lu­ciu­
ri da efeq­tia­ni iyo. Tum­ca, imis ga­mo, rom maT ar hqon­daT
xel­mZRva­ne­li cen­tri, uZ­nel­de­bo­daT saq­mia­no­bis koor­
di­ni­re­ba, ra­sac dro­Ta gan­mav­lo­ba­Si ma­Ti aq­ti­vo­be­bis
kle­ba moh­yva.

9 TviT­moq­me­de­ba­Si igu­lis­xme­ba TviT­da­fi­nan­se­ba sa­wev­ro ga­da­sa­xa­de­

bis Sek­re­bis gziT da ase­ve Si­daor­ga­ni­za­ciu­li struq­tu­ris da­mou­ki­
de­be­li mSe­neb­lo­ba.
10 `sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #784, 1919
11 `sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #784, 1919

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

`Tum­ca eko­no­miu­rad da­be­Ca­ve­bul Cven mSro­mel

xal­xSi sak­re­di­to koo­pe­ra­cias sau­ke­Te­so nia­da­gi
hqon­da, mag­ram ze­mo­dan mov­le­nil da­we­se­bu­le­bas
xal­xi ise uc­qer­da, ro­gorc mTav­ro­bis da­we­se­bu­le­
bas da ara Ta­vis TviT­moq­me­de­bis na­yofs. ...da ai ami­
tom sak­re­di­to koo­pe­ra­cia, miu­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom
mas sau­ke­Te­so nia­da­gi hqon­da Cven­Si, ver ga­daiq­ca
nam­dvil xal­xur moZ­rao­bad“.12

1914 wli­dan sa­fuZ­ve­li Cae­ya­ra koo­pe­ra­ciis meo­re

dargs − sa­mom­xma­reb­lo koo­pe­ra­cias. im pe­riod­Si mSro­
me­li xal­xi uki­du­res ga­Wir­ve­ba­Si cxov­rob­da, ra­sac Tan
dae­ma­ta sur­sa­Tis Sem­ci­re­bac. gar­da ami­sa, ker­Zo vaW­reb­ma
sa­qon­lis ga­da­mal­vas mih­yves xe­li, ra­mac maT mi­marT xal­
xis ga­Ri­zia­ne­ba ga­moiw­via. msgav­si usa­mar­Tlo ga­na­wi­le­bi­
sas gaC­nda sa­Wi­roe­ba, Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bu­li­yo TviT­moq­me­de­ba­ze
dam­ya­re­bu­li ise­Ti sa­meur­neo apa­ra­ti, ro­go­ric iyo sa­
mom­xma­reb­lo koo­pe­ra­ti­vi. 1916 wels Seiq­mna amier­kav­ka­
siis koo­pe­ra­tiv­Ta kav­Si­ri, ro­mel­mac gars Se­moik­ri­ba sa­
qar­Tve­lo­Si ar­se­bu­li yve­la koo­pe­ra­ti­vi. 1918 wlis­Tvis
sa­mom­xma­reb­lo koo­pe­ra­ti­ve­bis rao­de­no­bam 891-s miaR­wia.

cxri­li 1.
koo­pe­ra­ti­ve­bis rao­de­no­ba sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si 1916-1918 wleb­Si

aR­­mo­­sav­­le­­Ti ­ da­­sav­­le­­Ti ­
we­­li sul
sa­­qar­­Tve­­lo sa­­qar­­Tve­­lo
1916 83 90 173
1917 217 298 515
1918 334 557 891
wya­ro: koo­pe­ra­tiul moZ­rao­ba­Ta gar­Se­mo,
`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #784, 1919

12 `saxalxo saqme“, #784, 1919

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cxri­li 2.
koo­pe­ra­ti­veb­Si wev­rTa rao­de­no­ba 1916-1918 wleb­Si

aR­­mo­­sav­­le­­Ti ­ da­­sav­­le­­Ti ­
we­­li sul
sa­­qar­­Tve­­lo sa­­qar­­Tve­­lo
1916 31 995 34 650 66 605
1917 142 367 118 245 260 612
1918 220 730 244 115 464 845
wya­ro: koo­pe­ra­tiul moZ­rao­ba­Ta gar­Se­mo,
`sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #784, 1919

koo­pe­ra­ti­ve­bis mom­rav­le­bas­Tan er­Tad maT ga­saZ­lie­

reb­lad au­ci­leb­lo­bas war­moad­gen­da Seq­mni­li­yo ideu­ri
xel­mZRva­ne­li cen­tri − sa­raio­no da cen­tra­lu­ri kav­Si­
re­bis sa­xiT. 1917 wli­dan 1919 wlam­de mTel sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si
sul 20 sa­raio­no sa­mom­xma­reb­lo koo­pe­ra­tiv­Ta kav­Si­ri Ca­
mo­ya­lib­da. koo­pe­ra­tiv­Ta cen­tra­lu­ri kav­Si­ri mniS­vne­lov­
nad uw­yob­da xels koo­pe­ra­ti­vis wev­re­bis­Tvis in­fras­truq­
tu­ru­li da mwar­moeb­lu­ri me­qa­niz­me­bis Seq­mnas; sa­war­moo
da­we­se­bu­le­beb­Tan er­Tad cen­tra­lur­ma kav­Sir­ma ga­mar­Ta
me­qa­ni­ku­ri sa­xe­los­noe­bi, sa­dac mzad­de­bo­da sa­sof­lo-sa­
meur­neo ia­ra­Re­bi; bev­rma koo­pe­ra­tiv­ma moaw­yo ase­ve eleq­
tro­nis sad­gu­re­bic, sa­feiq­roe­bic, wis­qvi­le­bic da sxv.
Tum­ca koo­pe­ra­ciu­li moZ­rao­ba mxo­lod eko­no­mi­ku­ri
mdgo­ma­reo­bis gan­sam­tki­ceb­lad ar Seq­mni­la. koo­pe­ra­cie­
bi Seud­ge­nen far­To kul­tu­rul-sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo mu­Sao­
ba­sac. 1919 wels koo­pe­ra­ciam far­To­mas­Sta­bia­ni kul­tu­
ru­li saq­mia­no­ba gaa­Ca­Ra da yve­la dar­gSi Sei­ta­na Ta­vi­si
wvli­li. am pe­riod­Si ga­moi­ca araer­Ti spe­cia­lu­ri li­te­
ra­tu­ra da mxat­vru­li na­war­moe­bi. gar­da ami­sa, 1919 wel­
sve kav­Sir­ma Ca­moa­ya­li­ba ka­pe­la, daaar­sa sao­pe­ro da dra­
ma­tu­li stu­dia, ra­sac sa­fuZ­ve­li un­da Cae­ya­ra kul­tu­ru­
li cxov­re­bis­Tvis.

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I.IV. qal­Ta sa­kiT­xi gaer­Tia­ne­beb­Si

pe­rio­dul ga­mo­ce­meb­Si mo­Zie­bu­li sta­tie­bis gaa­na­li­
ze­bi­sas gan­sa­kuT­re­bul yu­rad­Re­bas im­sa­xu­rebs 1918-1921
wleb­Si ar­se­bu­li qal­Ta ko­leq­tiu­ri gaer­Tia­ne­be­bi. Tum­
ca, am gaer­Tia­ne­be­bis xa­sia­Tis gaaz­re­bam­de, vfiq­robT, sa­
Wi­roa ram­de­ni­me sit­yviT mi­mo­vi­xi­loT sa­qar­Tve­los de­
mok­ra­tiul res­pub­li­ka­Si qal­Ta moZ­rao­bis di­na­mi­ka.
da­mou­ki­deb­lo­bis aR­dge­nis Sem­deg sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ar­se­
bul­ma qal­Ta moZ­rao­bam mniS­vne­lo­va­ni cvli­le­be­bi ga­ni­
ca­da ro­gorc struq­tu­ru­li, ise ideo­lo­giu­ri Tval­saz­
ri­siT. Tav­da­pir­ve­lad, qal­Ta gaaq­tiu­re­bis­Tvis udi­des
prob­le­mas war­moad­gen­da `yvi­Te­li fe­mi­niz­mis Si­Si“ (igu­
lis­xme­ba bur­Jua­ziu­li fe­mi­niz­mi). ami­to­mac, sa­qar­Tve­lo­
Si sa­zo­ga­doeb­ri­vi ndo­bi­sa da so­li­da­ro­bis mo­sa­po­veb­lad
mniS­vne­lo­va­ni iyo qal­Ta moZ­rao­bas, ev­ro­pu­li bur­Jua­
ziu­li qal­Ta moZ­rao­bis­gan gan­sxva­ve­biT, Ta­vi­si mim­di­na­
reo­bis­Tvis so­cia­lis­tu­ri Si­naar­si mie­ni­We­bi­na. sa­mi wlis
gan­mav­lo­ba­Si Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bu­li ko­leq­tiu­ri gaer­Tia­ne­be­bis
saq­mia­no­bis ana­li­zi gviC­ve­nebs, rom es wi­naaR­mde­go­ba qal­
Ta gaer­Tia­ne­beb­ma met-nak­le­bad daZ­lies. un­da aRi­niS­nos
isic, rom qal­Ta moZ­rao­be­bis im­droin­del um­Tav­res mi­
zans war­moad­gen­da mu­Sa ma­ma­ka­ci­sa da mu­Sa qa­lis ro­le­bis
eko­no­mi­kur da sa­zo­ga­doeb­riv do­neeb­ze ga­Ta­nab­re­ba.
qal­Ta gaer­Tia­ne­ba sain­te­re­soa ro­gorc zo­ga­dad mu­Sa­
Ta gaer­Tia­ne­beb­Si aq­tiu­ri mo­na­wi­leo­biT, ise cal­ke ad­mi­
nis­tra­ciu­li struq­tu­re­bis Seq­mnis for­miT, ise­Ti ti­pis
ko­leq­tiu­ri iden­to­be­bis Ca­mo­ya­li­be­biT, rom­leb­Sic mxo­
lod qa­le­bi arian Car­Tu­li.
am mxriv ga­mor­Ceul ni­mu­Sad SeiZ­le­ba da­va­sa­xe­loT `qu­
Tai­sis mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­cia“, ro­mel­mac miz­nad dai­sa­xa
`de­mok­ra­tiu­li saq­mee­bis mo­wes­ri­ge­ba“.

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`qa­la­qi day­ves ra­mo­de­ni­me ub­ne­baT da iq moaw­yves

am or­ga­ni­za­ciis gan­yo­fi­le­be­bi, ese igi saub­no ko­
mi­te­teb­Si Tavs iy­ri­da im ub­nis mu­Sa qa­le­bi da ake­
Teb­den de­mok­ra­tiul saq­meebs. pir­vel xa­neb­Si man
Ses­Zlo de­mok­ra­tiu­li qa­le­bis erT sxeul­Si Se­kav­
Si­re­ba. kul­tu­ru­li mu­Sao­ba am or­ga­ni­za­ciam ise ver
moaw­yo, ro­gorc es sa­Wi­ro iyo. mag­ram sa­ma­gie­roT
yo­ve­li­ve ar­Cev­neb­ze, ro­go­ric iyo sa­qa­la­qo da dam­
fuZ­ne­be­li kre­bis ar­Cev­ne­bi, Tav­da­de­bu­laT mu­Saob­
den. ax­den­den kre­bebs, ux­sni­den ar­Cev­ne­bis tex­ni­kur
da ideur mxa­reebs“.13

qal­Ta am sa­Te­mo gaer­Tia­ne­be­bis ini­cia­ti­ve­bi­sa da cen­

tra­lur xe­li­suf­le­bas­Tan aq­tiu­ri kav­Si­ris Se­de­gad ga­
naT­le­bis po­li­ti­ka­Si mim­di­na­reob­da ise­Ti mniS­vne­lo­va­
ni Zvre­bi, rom­le­bic did rols Ta­ma­Sob­da mu­Sa qa­le­bis
ideur da pro­fe­siul gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­Si (ma­ga­li­Tad, sxva­das­
xva xel­saq­me­Si gaw­vrTna da a.S.).
amas­Ta­na­ve, swo­red mu­Sa qa­lis ro­lis ga­saZ­lie­reb­lad
qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciebs hqon­daT ino­va­ciu­ri wi­na­da­de­be­bic.
ma­ga­li­Tad, cen­tra­lur xe­li­suf­le­bas­Tan erT-erT Sex­
ved­ra­ze maT noe Jor­da­nias wa­rud­gi­nes ini­cia­ti­va, Seeq­
mnaT spe­cia­lu­ri sa­zo­ga­doe­ba, rom­lis mTa­va­ri da­niS­nu­
le­ba iq­ne­bo­da qa­lis sa­Si­nao cxov­re­bis sfe­ro­dan bav­Svis
aR­mzrde­lo­bi­Ti saq­mia­no­bis ga­das­vla sa­zo­ga­doe­bis xel­
Si. am in­cia­ti­viT ni­no na­ka­Si­Ze da mi­si Ta­na­moaz­ree­bi miz­
nad isa­xav­dnen mu­Sa qa­lis ga­Ta­vi­suf­le­bas sa­Si­nao saq­mee­
bis­gan, ra­Ta mas uf­ro me­ti dro da yu­rad­Re­ba daeT­mo
pro­fe­siu­li gan­vi­Ta­re­bis­Tvis. Tbi­li­sis qal­Ta or­ga­ni­
za­ciis am ini­cia­ti­vas noe Jor­da­nia da cen­tra­lu­ri sa­

13 `er­To­ba“, #1152, 1918

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xe­li­suf­le­bo rgo­lis sxva war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi da­de­bi­Tad

Sex­vdnen.14
ad­gi­lob­riv do­ne­ze Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bu­li mu­Sa qal­Ta kav­Si­
re­bi, saq­vel­moq­me­do wree­bi sxva­das­xva so­cia­lur ser­viss
sTa­va­zob­dnen sa­zo­ga­doe­bas. Seia­ra­Re­bu­li kon­fliq­te­bis
dros isi­ni aq­tiur­de­bod­nen sa­me­di­ci­no per­so­na­lis da­
niS­nu­le­biT, Zi­ri­Ta­dad ki da­ka­ve­bu­li iy­vnen qa­leb­Si pro­
fe­siu­li kad­re­bis Ca­mo­ya­li­be­biT. vxvde­biT cno­bas qal­Ta
Tav­Se­saf­re­bis Seq­mnis Se­sa­xeb, rom­le­bic kon­kre­tul sfe­
roeb­Si da­saq­me­bul qa­lebs ex­ma­re­bod­nen cxov­re­bis pi­ro­
be­bis gaum­jo­be­se­ba­Si da Tav­Se­saf­re­bis arar­se­bo­bis­gan ga­
mow­veu­li preb­le­me­bis daZ­le­va­Si.

II. sap­ro­tes­to ga­mos­vle­bi, mo­na­wi­le­Ta

moT­xov­ne­bi da ma­Ti mog­va­re­bis gze­bi

ko­leq­tiu­ri gaer­Tia­ne­be­bis xa­sia­Tis ga­saa­na­li­zeb­lad

prin­ci­pu­lad mniS­vne­lo­va­nia ga­var­kvioT, Tu ra moT­xov­
ne­bi hqon­daT ga­mos­vle­bi­sas. aq­ve gan­vmar­tavT, rom Cven
ver aR­vwerT pro­tes­tis yve­la for­mas, rom­le­bic am sa­mi
wlis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si SeiZ­le­bo­da ar­se­bu­li­yo, Tum­ca vec­de­
biT, pro­tes­tis Zi­ri­Ta­di for­me­bis mok­le ana­li­zi Se­mog­
Ta­va­zoT.
upir­ve­les yov­li­sa, un­da aRi­niS­nos pro­tes­tis ri­to­
ri­ka, ro­me­lic xSi­rad araer­Tgva­rov­ne­biT xa­siaT­de­bo­da;
mas­Si Sei­niS­ne­ba ro­gorc aka­de­miu­ri da­sa­bu­Te­ba ko­leq­
tiu­ri moT­xov­ne­bi­sa, ise ra­di­ka­lu­ri Si­naar­siT dat­vir­
Tu­li ga­mos­vle­bic, ro­mel­Ta Se­sa­xeb Ta­ma­mad iwe­re­bo­da
im­droin­del pe­rio­dul ga­mo­ce­meb­Si.
1918-1921 wleb­Si mi­tin­ge­bi, ga­fic­ve­bi da ko­leq­tiu­ri

14 „erToba“, #1150, 1918

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wi­naaR­mde­go­be­bi ume­tes­wi­lad iyo spon­tan­tu­ri, ma­ga­li­

Tad, ad­gi­lob­ri­vi xe­li­suf­le­bis war­mo­mad­gen­leb­Tan Sex­
ved­ris dros. mZi­me so­cia­lu­ri pi­ro­be­biT ga­mow­veu­li ga­
Ri­zia­ne­bi­sa da ag­re­siis fo­ni xSi­rad imis sa­ba­bi xde­bo­da,
rom kon­struq­ciu­lad da­geg­mi­li mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi wi­naaR­
mde­go­bis gauT­va­lis­wi­ne­bel for­ma­Si ga­daz­rdi­li­yo.
gan­sa­kuT­re­biT aR­sa­niS­na­via tyi­bu­lis mu­Sa­Ta ga­fic­va,
rom­lis Zi­ri­Ta­di mi­ze­zi me­tis­me­tad da­ba­li da Rir­se­
bis Sem­lax­ve­li anaz­Rau­re­ba iyo. tyi­bu­le­li ma­Ra­roe­le­
bi sak­maod di­di xnis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si sxva­das­xva mo­wo­de­biT
cdi­lob­dnen xe­li­suf­le­ba daer­wmu­ne­bi­naT, Tu ra mZi­me
eko­no­mi­kur mdgo­ma­reo­ba­Si im­yo­fe­bod­nen. ro­ca pa­suxs
ver iReb­dnen, iZu­le­bu­li xde­bod­nen, ga­moe­ye­ne­bi­naT uki­
du­re­si zo­me­bi. ma­ga­li­Tad, xe­li­suf­le­bas gar­kveul va­das
aZ­lev­dnen moT­xov­ne­bis da­sak­ma­yo­fi­leb­lad da Tu am moT­
xov­nebs yu­rad ar iReb­dnen, ga­fic­vis mow­yo­bas aa­non­seb­
dnen. sa­bo­lood, maT mainc uwev­daT ga­fic­vis or­ga­ni­ze­ba,
rom­lis mim­di­na­reo­bi­sas xe­li­suf­le­bis da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba
ga­fi­cul­Ta mi­marT iyo sak­maod xis­ti da SeiZ­le­ba iT­qvas,
ra­di­ka­lu­ric ki:

`tyi­bu­lis ma­Ra­roe­bis droe­biT da­xur­va: rad­ga­

nac mTav­ro­bis wi­na­da­de­ba mu­Seb­ma ar mii­Res, ami­tom
mTav­ro­bis gan­kar­gu­le­biT droe­biT tyi­bu­lis ma­
Ra­roeb­Si mu­Sao­ba Se­Ce­re­bul iq­mna. mTav­ro­bas gan­
zrax­va aqvs Sea­ye­nos mu­Se­bis axa­li Sta­ti“.15

ga­fic­va sak­maod did­xans gag­rZel­da, rad­gan maT gvian

mii­Res da­pi­re­be­bi cen­tra­lu­ri xe­li­suf­le­bis­gan. Se­de­
gad, ga­fic­va Sea­Ce­res da mu­Sao­ba gaag­rZe­les.

15 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #435, 1918

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`ga­fic­vis mox­sna: qa­la­qis mu­Seb­ma, rom­leb­mac

21 oq­tom­bers ga­fic­va ga­moac­xa­des, uk­ve mox­snes
da daiw­yes mu­Sao­ba. qa­la­qis gam­geo­ba da­pir­da ma­Ti
moT­xov­ni­le­bis dak­ma­yo­fi­le­bas“.16

aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom ga­fic­ve­bis di­di na­wi­li ja­ma­gi­ris

drou­lad miu­Reb­lo­bis an ara­sak­ma­ri­si anaz­Rau­re­bis ga­mo
ew­yo­bo­da. ma­ga­li­Tad, ga­zeT `so­cial-de­mok­ra­tis“ erT-
erT no­mer­Si vxvde­biT aseT cno­bas:

`tyi­bu­lis qva-nax­Si­ris mu­Sebs So­ris. ja­ma­gi­ris

Ta­vis dro­ze miu­Reb­lo­bis ga­mo tyi­bu­lis qva-nax­Si­
ris mu­Sebs So­ris did­ma uk­ma­yo­fi­le­bam iCi­na Ta­vi. am
sa­kiT­xis mo­sag­va­reb­laT gu­Sin qu­Tai­si­dan tyi­bul­
Si wa­vi­da sa­gan­ge­bo ko­mi­sia“.17

ki­dev er­Ti mas­Sta­bu­ri ga­fic­va, rom­lis Se­sa­xe­bac

cno­bebs gvaw­vdis ama­ve wle­bis pe­rio­du­li pre­sa, sa­xal­
xo mas­wav­leb­le­bis um­weo mdgo­ma­reo­ba­sa da maT ga­fic­vas
exe­bo­da. sa­xal­xo mas­wav­leb­le­bi, rom­le­bic did sam­sa­
xurs uwev­dnen re­vo­lu­ciis gan­mtki­ce­bas xal­xis Seg­ne­bis
amaR­le­biT, swo­red re­vo­lu­ciis Sem­deg moe­lod­nen Ta­
vian­Ti pi­ro­be­bis gaum­jo­be­se­bas, Tum­ca, da­pi­re­be­bi­sa da
qa­Ral­dze ja­ma­gi­re­bis mo­ma­te­bis gar­da, praq­ti­ku­lad, ma­
Ti mdgo­ma­reo­ba ar Sec­vli­la. `sa­xal­xo saq­me­Si“ vaw­yde­biT
Sem­deg cno­bas:

`ro­gorc it­yo­bi­ne­bian, ga­fi­cu­li arian aba­Sis, se­

na­kis, fo­Tis, ban­Zis da Zve­li-se­na­kis raio­ne­bis sa­xal­
xo mas­wav­leb­le­bi. ro­gorc de­pe­Si­dan sCans, Sim­Si­liT

16 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #426, 1918

17 `so­cial de­mok­ra­ti“, #339, 1918

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da­tan­jul sa­xal­xo mas­wav­leb­lebs uki­du­re­si zo­mis­

Tvis miu­mar­TavT. ...ga­na war­mo­sad­ge­nia ada­mian­ma ase­
Ti zRap­ru­li siZ­vi­ris dros 38 ma­na­TiT ic­xov­ros?
war­moud­ge­ne­lia, mag­ram mas­wav­leb­leb­ma esec ai­ta­nes.
sa­nam amis fi­zi­ku­ri Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba iyo. maT al­baT kar­
gad es­mo­daT, Tu ras niS­nav­da ga­fic­vis ga­moc­xa­de­ba
ex­lan­del pi­ro­beb­Si, mag­ram, ro­gorc et­yo­ba, Sim­Sils
Ta­vi­si uq­nia. maT ga­fic­va ga­mouc­xa­de­biaT. sa­Wi­roa
dau­yov­neb­liv dak­ma­yo­fi­le­bul iq­nas sa­xal­xo mas­wav­
le­bel­Ta sa­mar­Tlia­ni moT­xov­ni­le­ba­ni“.18

sap­ro­tes­to ga­mos­vle­bis gaa­na­li­ze­bi­sas ga­moik­ve­Ta Zi­

ri­Ta­di mi­ze­ze­bi, rom­le­bic iw­vev­da wi­naaR­mde­go­bebs:

1. 8-saa­Tia­ni sa­mu­Sao dRis aR­dge­na, uq­me dReeb­ze 6-saa­

Tia­ni sa­mu­Sao dRis da­we­se­ba;
2. ze­ga­nak­ve­Tu­ri Sro­mis anaz­Rau­re­ba da mxo­lod im Sem­
Txve­va­Si daS­ve­ba, ro­ca mi­si Seus­ru­leb­lo­ba iw­vevs
zians saer­To sam­rew­ve­lo saq­mis­Tvis;
3. kvi­ra dRes ze­ga­nak­ve­Tu­ri Sro­mis anaz­Rau­re­ba un­da
mox­des 1,5-jer me­ti ode­no­biT;
4. 14 wel­ze nak­le­bi asa­kis axal­gaz­rde­bis mu­Sao­bis ak­
rZal­va;
5. `saan­ga­ri­So wig­na­kis“ Se­mo­Re­ba − aRi­ric­xe­ba sa­mu­Saos
Ses­ru­le­bis we­si da Ses­ru­le­bu­li sa­mu­Saos ode­no­ba;
6. xel­fa­sis da­ri­ge­ba mxo­lod sa­mu­Sao dRes, ra­Ta mi­si
dau­ri­geb­lo­ba ar iyos ga­mar­Tle­bu­li teq­ni­ku­ri gau­
mar­Tao­biT;
7. sa­val­de­bu­loa mu­Sa-mo­sam­sa­xu­ree­bis mi­marT zrdi­lo­
bia­ni mop­yro­ba;

18 `so­cia­list-re­vo­lu­cio­ne­ri“, #64, 1918

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

8. mu­Se­bis hi­gie­nu­ri sac­xov­reb­le­biT uz­run­vel­yo­fa;

9. sa­mu­Sao saa­Te­bis ga­na­wi­le­ba se­zo­ne­bis mi­xed­viT: zaf­
xul­Si mu­Sao­ba iw­ye­ba di­lis eqvs saaT­ze da zam­Tar­Si
Svid saaT­ze, xo­lo Tav­de­ba or­sa­ve Sem­Txve­va­Si sa­Ra­mos
oTxs saaT­ze;
10. anaz­Rau­re­ba mu­Sa­Ta avad­myo­fo­bis dros, er­TTvia­ni
`ot­pus­kis“ uf­le­ba.
11. mu­Se­bis da mo­sam­sa­xu­ree­bis mi­Re­ba da gaS­ve­ba ma­Ti­ve
saq­mea.19

Sro­mi­Ti da­ve­bis mog­va­re­bis praq­ti­ka

pro­tes­tis for­me­bis gaa­na­li­ze­bas­Tan er­Tad Ta­nab­rad
mniS­vne­lov­nad mig­vaC­nia sap­ro­tes­to ga­mos­vle­bis Sew­yve­
tis mi­ze­ze­bis dad­ge­na, rac Zi­ri­Ta­dad un­da ve­Ze­boT mo­
qa­la­qe­Ta ga­sa­Wi­ri­sad­mi cen­tra­lu­ri xe­li­suf­le­bis da­
mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba­Si. cen­tris po­li­ti­ka mu­Sa­Ta sap­ro­tes­to
ga­mos­vle­bis mi­marT araer­Tgva­ro­va­nia. Tav­da­pir­ve­lad
isi­ni cdi­lob­dnen pro­tes­tze epa­su­xaT xis­ti me­To­de­biT,
ua­ri eT­qvaT prob­le­me­bis mog­va­re­ba­ze, ris ar­gu­men­ta­dac
moh­yav­daT qve­ya­na­Si Seq­mni­li mZi­me eko­no­mi­ku­ri vi­Ta­re­
ba, biu­je­tis aras­ta­bi­lu­ro­ba, da a.S. mag­ram in­sti­tu­ciu­
ri mo­de­li, ro­me­lic 1918-1921 wleb­Si ar­se­bob­da Sro­miT
saq­mia­no­ba­Si war­mo­So­bi­li prob­le­me­bis ga­da­saW­re­lad,
xSi­rad sak­maod efeq­tia­na­dac mu­Saob­da sa­mo­qa­la­qo aq­ti­
viz­mis di­na­mi­kas­Tan mi­mar­Te­biT. am mxriv ga­moir­Ceo­da ori
in­sti­tu­cia. upir­ve­les yov­li­sa, es iyo Sro­mis ko­mi­sa­ria­
ti, rom­lis mTa­var mo­va­leo­bas war­moad­gen­da zo­ga­dad mu­
Sa­Ta pi­ro­be­bis kvle­va, maT moT­xov­neb­ze pa­su­xis ga­ce­ma da
Sro­mi­Ti dis­kri­mi­na­ciis aR­mof­xvra. ma­ga­li­Tad, `so­cial-
de­mok­rat­Si“ aris ase­Ti cno­ba:

19 `Sro­ma“, #7, 1918

186
 მშრომელთა პროტესტი და
ორგანიზების ფორმები 1918-1921 წლებში

`Sro­mis pi­ro­bis dar­Rve­vis­Tvis qu­Tai­sis gu­ber­

niis Sro­mis ko­mi­sa­riat­ma 8 saa­Tia­ni sa­mu­Saos dRis
dar­Rve­vi­saT­vis sa­mi dRiT sa­xe­los­no dau­xu­ra di­
mit­ri be­ruaS­vils, zaq­ro lo­mi­Zes da sa­pa­rik­ma­xe­ro
`geg­nis“ pat­rons. ama­ve miz­niT eq­vsi dRis ci­xe miu­sa­
ja mi­xail to­ra­Zes“.20

ase­ve, re­vo­lu­ciis mem­kvid­reo­bis erT-erT yve­la­ze da­

de­biT mov­le­nad ga­ni­xi­lav­dnen mom­ri­ge­be­li ka­me­ris in­
sti­tu­tis ar­se­bo­bas. am or­ga­ni­za­ciis mTa­va­ri da­niS­nu­le­
ba iyo ka­pi­tal­sa da Sro­mas So­ris war­moq­mni­li uTan­xmoe­
bis da­re­gu­li­re­ba mSvi­do­bia­ni gziT.21

`qu­Tai­sis mu­Sa­Ta sab­Wom Seq­mna mom­ri­ge­be­li ka­me­ra.

...saer­Tod SeiZ­le­ba iT­qvas, rom qu­Tai­sis mu­Se­bi yo­
vel­Tvis did an­ga­riSs uwev­dnen mo­ments da Ta­vian­Ti
moT­xov­ni­le­be­bi jer yo­vel­Tvis ka­me­ra­Si Se­mo­qon­daT
da uc­did­nen ka­me­ris sit­yvas. miu­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom
xSi­rad saq­mis gar­Ce­va gvian­de­bo­da, mu­Se­bi mainc moT­
mi­ne­bas iCen­dnen da ga­fic­vis­Tvis ar miu­mar­TavT“.22

sta­tie­bis mi­xed­viT ik­ve­Te­ba gar­kveu­li ten­den­cie­bi:

Sro­mi­Ti da­ve­bi, rom­leb­Sic mom­ri­ge­be­li ka­me­ra er­Tve­bo­
da, ume­tes Sem­Txve­va­Si da­de­bi­Tad wyde­bo­da. swo­red ami­
tom iyo, rom ram­den­jer­me ago­re­bu­li sap­ro­tes­to tal­
Ra ma­nam­de Caac­xres, vid­re is ga­daiz­rde­bo­da ra­di­ka­lur
moq­me­de­beb­Si, ga­fic­veb­Si, Sim­Si­lo­ba­Si da a.S.
ar­cTu iS­via­Tad e.w. xa­zei­ne­bi ar emor­Ci­le­bod­nen mom­
ri­ge­bel ka­me­rebs, mu­Se­bi ki xSi­rad mi­mar­Tav­dnen am in­sti­

20 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #347, 1918

21 `er­To­ba“, #121, 1918
22 `er­To­ba“, #121, 1918

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

tu­cias, rac ga­mow­veu­li iyo Sem­de­gi ga­re­moe­biT: mu­Se­bi,

rom­le­bic sxva­das­xva Sro­mi­Ti eq­splua­ta­ciis msxver­plni
xde­bod­nen, en­do­bod­nen mom­ri­ge­bel ka­me­ras, rac am in­sti­
tu­tis siZ­lie­re­ze mia­niS­nebs.
wi­naaR­mde­go­bis moZ­rao­bis Te­ma­ti­kis gaa­na­li­ze­ba­Si
erT-er­Ti mniS­vne­lo­va­ni ele­men­tia 1918-1921 wle­bis pre­
sa. me­dia am pe­riod­Si war­moC­nde­ba ara mxo­lod ro­gorc
sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio sa­Sua­le­ba, ara­med mniS­vne­lo­va­ni plat­
for­ma wi­naaR­mde­go­be­bis, xal­xis moT­xov­ne­bi­sa Tu ga­sa­Wi­
ris ga­mo­sa­xa­tad. zo­ga­dad, 1918-1921 wle­bis pe­rio­du­li
ga­mo­ce­me­bi er­Tma­ne­Tis­gan gan­sxvav­de­ba ro­gorc ideo­lo­
giu­ri, ise struq­tu­ru­li da Si­naar­sob­ri­vi Tval­saz­ri­
siT. ga­ze­Te­bis rub­ri­ke­bi, sta­tie­bis sa­Tau­re­bi da ma­Ti
Si­naar­si ga­mo­xa­tav­da sa­xel­mwi­fos eko­no­mi­kur po­li­ti­kas,
so­cial-de­mok­ra­tiu­li sis­te­mis in­te­re­sebs. amis sai­lus­
tra­ciod ga­mod­ge­ba spe­cia­lu­ri mu­Sa­Ta rub­ri­ke­bis ar­se­
bo­ba cen­tra­lur par­tiul or­ga­noeb­Si (ga­ze­Te­bi: `er­To­
ba“, `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, `sa­xal­xo saq­me“); ase­ve cal­keu­li
pe­rio­du­li ga­mo­ce­me­bi, ro­mel­Ta pub­li­ka­cie­bic uSua­lod
mu­Sa­Ta cxov­re­ba­ze iyo orien­ti­re­bu­li: `mu­Sa da gle­xi“
(qu­Tai­si, 1921), `mu­Sa­Ta biu­le­te­ni“ (xa­Su­ri, 1919), `mu­Sa­Ta
brZo­la“ (Tbi­li­si, 1918), `mu­Sis si­mar­Tle“ (ba­Tu­mi, 1918),
`mu­Sis xma“ (fo­Ti, 1921).

das­kvna

ze­moaR­niS­nu­li­dan ga­mom­di­na­re, Se­saZ­le­be­lia vi­saub­

roT ram­de­ni­me mig­ne­ba­ze. er­Ti mxriv, ga­mo­vi­ta­noT das­
kvna, rom im­droin­de­li sap­ro­tes­to ga­mos­vle­bi Zi­ri­Ta­
dad so­cia­lur-eko­no­mi­kur sa­Wi­roe­bebs ukav­Sir­de­bo­da
da Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, maT­Si mo­na­wi­leo­ba aix­sne­ba mo­qa­la­qe­Ta ma­
te­ria­lu­ri in­ten­cie­biT. meo­re mxriv, ac­no­bie­reb­dnen ra

188
 მშრომელთა პროტესტი და
ორგანიზების ფორმები 1918-1921 წლებში

res­pub­li­kis mSe­neb­lo­bis pro­ces­Si eko­no­mi­ku­ri prob­le­

me­bis mci­re dro­Si mog­va­re­bis siZ­ne­les, ko­leq­tiu­ri gaer­
Tia­ne­be­bi aq­cents ake­Teb­dnen mo­ma­val­ze da cdi­lob­dnen,
mim­di­na­re eko­no­mi­ku­ri ga­mow­ve­ve­bis­Tvis epa­su­xaT kul­tu­
rul-sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo aq­te­biT. ma­Ti az­riT, sa­qar­Tve­lo­
Si ar­se­bu­li mSro­me­li Za­lis ideu­ri mom­za­de­ba xels Seuw­
yob­da mo­ma­val­Si eko­no­mi­ku­ri saq­mia­no­bis efeq­tia­no­bis
gaz­rdas. ga­mom­di­na­re aqe­dan, ko­leq­tiu­ri gaer­Tia­ne­be­bis
um­rav­le­so­bas ekis­re­bo­da xe­li­suf­le­bis ma­kon­tro­le­be­li
Za­lis fun­qcia, igi mo­ti­va­cias sZen­da mTav­ro­bis saq­mia­
no­bas da imav­drou­lad, mniS­vne­lo­van in­stru­ments war­
moad­gen­da so­cia­lur-eko­no­mi­ku­ri cxov­re­bis do­nis gaum­
jo­be­se­bis­Tvis. maT mniS­vne­lo­bas ki­dev uf­ro aZ­lie­rebs
or­ga­ni­ze­bu­lo­ba ara mxo­lod po­li­ti­kur cen­trSi, ara­med
re­gio­neb­Sic, ra­sac Ta­vi­suf­lad SeiZ­le­ba vu­wo­doT moq­
me­de­bis pe­ri­fe­ria­li­za­cia, rad­gan mSro­me­le­bi sxva­das­xva
gaer­Tia­ne­bis daar­se­bi­Ta da maT­Si ga­wev­ria­ne­biT cdi­lob­
dnen am pro­ces­Si Car­Tvas.
swo­red am pro­ces­Si gaaq­tiur­dnen qa­le­bi, rac xazs us­
vams im mniS­vne­lo­va­ni fa­seu­lo­be­bis ar­ti­ku­li­re­bas, ri­
Tac cno­bi­lia sa­qar­Tve­los de­mok­ra­tiu­li res­pub­li­kis
pe­rio­di sa­qar­Tve­los is­to­ria­Si.
miu­xe­da­vad ami­sa, aram­dgra­di da xSi­rad sa­ku­Tar miz­
neb­Tan wi­naaR­mde­gob­ri­via so­cia­lu­ri sa­xel­mwi­fos mes­
veur­Ta ko­mu­ni­ka­ciis for­me­bi mSro­mel­Ta ga­mos­vleb­Tan
da­kav­Si­re­biT, ra­Sic igu­lis­xme­ba sa­xel­mwi­fos mxri­dan
mSro­mel­Ta prob­le­me­bis mi­marT zog­jer gul­gri­li, zog­
jer ki − dam­yo­li po­li­ti­ka.
da bo­los, gan­sa­kuT­re­bul yu­rad­Re­bas im­sa­xu­rebs im­
droin­de­li me­dia, ro­gorc mSro­mel­Ta ga­sa­Wi­ris ga­mo­xat­
vis mniS­vne­lo­va­ni plat­for­ma.

189
 Ta­mar me­Wur­WliS­v i­li

კულტურა და ხელოვნება
საქართველოს პირველ
რესპუბლიკაში

`...di­dia Teat­ris ro­li ka­cob­rio­bis

gaT­vic­no­bie­re­bis is­to­ria­Si.
da yo­ve­li mo­qa­la­qe mis mniS­vne­lo­bas
Seg­ne­bu­lad un­da afa­seb­des“.23

kul­tu­ra, ro­gorc ka­cob­rio­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis erT-

er­Ti um­Tav­re­si Se­mad­ge­ne­li, um­niS­vne­lo­va­nes rols as­
ru­lebs ne­bis­mie­ri sa­zo­ga­doe­bis cxov­re­ba­Si. kul­tu­ra
far­To cne­baa da igi moi­cavs sa­zo­ga­doeb­ri­vi cxov­re­bis
im sfe­roebs, rom­le­bic aya­li­bebs xalxs, ers, mis su­lier
da ma­te­ria­lur fa­seu­lo­bebs. sa­xel­mwi­fos gan­vi­Ta­re­bis
eta­pe­bi uSua­lod ai­sa­xe­ba qvey­nis kul­tu­rul cxov­re­ba­
ze. sa­qar­Tve­los is­to­ria­Si er­Ti gar­dam­te­xi epo­qa iyo
1918-1921 wle­bi, ro­ca qar­Tvel­ma xal­xma da­kar­gu­li da­
mou­ki­deb­lo­ba aRid­gi­na pir­ve­li res­pub­li­kis sa­xiT.

23 `re­vo­lu­ciu­ri no­ba­Ti“, #46, 1918

190
 კულტურა და ხელოვნება
საქართველოს პირველ რესპუბლიკაში

Cve­ni sta­tiis mi­za­nia mi­mo­vi­xi­loT axal­Seq­mni­li res­

pub­li­kis kul­tu­ru­li cxov­re­ba im dros ga­mo­ma­va­li ga­
ze­Te­bis meS­veo­biT da gar­kveu­li das­kvne­bic Sev­Ta­va­zoT
mkiT­xvels.
cno­bi­lia, Tu ra rTu­li mdgo­ma­reo­ba iyo ma­Sin: aqeT
ba­Tu­mis am­be­bi, iqiT so­xu­mis, ja­vis ajan­ye­be­bi, so­cia­lu­
ri da eko­no­mi­ku­ri prob­le­me­bi, Ta­vi­suf­le­bis­Tvis brZo­
la yve­la fron­tze, axa­li mTav­ro­ba, Si­daeT­ni­ku­ri da re­
li­giu­ri ga­mow­ve­ve­bi... amis kval­dak­val vxe­davT qvey­nis
kul­tu­ru­li cxov­re­bis ga­mo­coc­xle­bas: Teat­re­bi­sa da
sam­kiT­xve­loe­bis daar­se­bas, Teat­ra­lu­ri war­mod­ge­ne­bi­
sa Tu kon­cer­te­bis ga­mar­Tvas, kul­tu­ru­li mem­kvid­reo­
bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­bi­sa da aRor­Zi­ne­bis­Tvis ga­dad­gmul na­bi­
jebs... yo­ve­li­ve amis Ses­wav­la da gac­no­ba, vfiq­robT,
sain­te­re­so iq­ne­ba mkiT­xve­lis­Tvis.
Ta­vi­si mniS­vne­lo­biT 1918 wlis erT-er­Ti ga­mor­Ceu­
li mov­le­na iyo qu­Tais­Si, qvi­ti­ris qu­Ca­ze Teat­ris gax­sna.
ga­ze­Teb­Si vkiT­xu­lobT ara mxo­lod am Teat­ris mniS­vne­
lo­ba­sa da da­niS­nu­le­ba­ze, ara­med zo­ga­dad vi­gebT, Tu ra
da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba hqon­daT im dros kul­tu­ris mi­marT, ra
gav­le­nas ax­den­da igi ma­se­bis TviT­Seg­ne­bis amaR­le­ba­ze, am
Sem­Txve­va­Si ro­gor es­mo­daT Teat­ris ar­si da da­niS­nu­le­ba:

`ager er­Ti Tve iq­ne­ba rac qvi­ti­ris qu­Ca­ze gaix­

sna sa­xal­xo Teat­ri. am xnis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si am Teat­
rSi gai­mar­Ta uk­ve war­mod­ge­na. es mov­le­na pir­ve­li
Se­xed­viT arc ise mniS­vne­lo­va­nia, rom man far­To
sa­zo­ga­doe­bis yu­rad­Re­ba miip­yros, mag­ram nam­dvi­
lad ki es ase ar aris. yve­las­Tvis cxa­dia Tu ra di­
di mniS­vne­lo­ba aqvs Teatrs xal­xi­saT­vis. zed­me­tia
ima­ze la­pa­ra­ki Tu ro­gor uw­yobs Teat­ri xels ma­
sis Seg­ne­bas, mis gaT­viT­cno­bie­re­bas, mis es­Te­ti­kur

191
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gan­vi­Ta­re­bas, mo­ra­lur aR­zrdas da sxva. Teat­ri

er­Ti im ia­raR­Ta­ga­nia, ro­me­lic uka­favs gzas mSro­
me­li xal­xis Sro­mis gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bas. da amas gan­
sa­kuT­re­bu­li mniS­vne­lo­ba aqvs. swo­red mSro­me­li
xal­xis­Tvis Teat­rSi Rvi­vis is RvTaeb­ri­vi na­per­
wka­li, ro­mel­mac mSro­me­li xal­xi su­lie­rad un­da
ga­zar­dos da amiT gauad­vi­los mas brZo­la Ta­vis sa­
bo­loo ga­mar­jve­bi­saT­vis. ami­tom cxa­dia, rom yo­ve­
li Seg­ne­bu­li mo­qa­la­qis da re­vo­lu­cio­ne­ris va­lia
Seuw­yos xe­li Teat­ris xe­lov­ne­bis aRor­Zi­ne­bas.
di­dia Teat­ris ro­li ka­cob­rio­bis gaT­vic­no­bie­
re­bis is­to­ria­Si. da yo­ve­li mo­qa­la­qe mis mniS­vne­
lo­bas Seg­ne­bu­lad un­da afa­seb­des...“ 24

ima­ve ga­zeT­Si, daax­loe­biT er­Ti Tvis Sem­deg, ibeW­de­ba

we­ri­li, ro­mel­Sic vkiT­xu­lobT, Tu ra sa­si­ke­To ze­gav­
le­na moax­di­na Teat­ris daar­se­bam im kon­kre­tu­li qu­Cis
mcxov­reb­leb­ze da ara mar­to maT­ze:

`q. qu­Tai­si. qvi­ti­ris qu­Ca. es qu­Ca re­vo­lu­ciam­

de Zlier Ca­mor­Ce­ni­li iyo. ex­la ki ar aris. daar­se­
bu­lia ori ufa­so wignT-sa­cav-sam­kiT­xve­lo, er­Ti
ze­mo qu­Ca­ze, meo­rec dab­la. koo­pe­ra­ti­vi `Zmo­ba“,
ag­reT­ve gaix­sna Teat­ri, sa­dac yo­vel kvi­rao­biT
imar­Te­ba war­mod­ge­na. Se­mo­sa­va­li xmar­de­ba ori­ve
sam­kiT­xve­los“.25

mkiT­xve­li da ma­yu­re­be­li, Teat­ri da wig­ni, kul­tu­ra

da ga­naT­le­ba er­Tma­ne­Tis­gan ga­nu­yo­fe­li cne­be­bia, er­
Tgva­ri ini da ia­nia − sa­dac er­Tia, iq­ve meo­rea. swo­red

24 `re­vo­lu­ciu­ri no­ba­Ti“, #46, 1918

25 `re­vo­lu­ciu­ri no­ba­Ti“, #73, 1918

192
 კულტურა და ხელოვნება
საქართველოს პირველ რესპუბლიკაში

amis ga­mo iyo, rom sa­qar­Tve­los pir­vel res­pub­li­ka­Si

sam­kiT­xve­loe­bi da Teat­re­bi, we­si­sa­mebr, erT siv­rce­Si
Ta­naar­se­bob­dnen. sam­kiT­xve­loe­bi Zi­ri­Ta­dad ufa­so iyo,
iq Ses­vla da sam­kiT­xve­loe­biT sar­geb­lo­ba ne­bis­miers
SeeZ­lo, Teat­reb­Si ki sxva we­se­bi ar­se­bob­da − bi­le­Te­bi
iyi­de­bo­da da war­mod­ge­ni­dan mi­Re­bu­li Se­mo­sa­va­li sam­
kiT­xve­lo dar­ba­zebs xmar­de­bo­da. ase ma­ga­li­Tad:

`na­ta­ne­bi. `am ub­nis s. d. m. par­tiis pre­zi­diu­mi

Seud­ga sam­kiT­xve­los fon­dis ga­saZ­lie­re­bel sa­Sua­
le­bis ga­mo­nax­vas. 25 noem­bers dad­ges war­mod­ge­na“.26

am war­mod­ge­ni­dan mi­Re­bu­li Tan­xac sam­kiT­xve­lo fonds

ga­dae­ca.
res­pub­li­kis ar­se­bo­bis wleb­Si msgav­si praq­ti­ka iyo
da­ner­gi­li mTel sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si, mis sxva­das­xva kuT­xe­Si.
swo­red am­gva­ri sax­sre­biT fun­qcio­ni­reb­da ad­gi­lob­ri­vi
sam­kiT­xve­lo, ma­ga­li­Tad, qve­mo no­Ra­Si, gu­ria­Si:

`ori kvi­ris wi­nad so­fel qve­mo-no­Ra­Si gai­mar­

Ta di­di sa­Ra­mo ad­gi­lob­riv sam­kiT­xve­los sa­sar­
geb­loT. war­mod­ge­ni­li iq­na `uma­ri­lis bra­lia“ da
`col-qmro­bis wi­naaR­mde­gi“. pie­sa kar­gad iq­na dad­
gmu­li da dam­swre sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­zec kar­gi STa­beW­di­
le­ba das­to­va. dar­Ca wmin­da Se­mo­sa­va­li 22,000 ma­ne­
Ti. aR­niS­nu­li Tan­xa ga­dae­ca da­niS­nu­le­bi­sa­mebr.
mad­lo­bas uZ­RvniT yve­la imaT, vinc ar da­zo­ga
Ta­vi­si Zal-Ro­ne ase­Ti saq­mis­Tvis“.27

aq­ve mniS­vne­lo­va­nia imis aR­niS­vnac, rom sam­kiT­xve­lo

26 `er­To­ba“, #3, 1919

27 `er­To­ba“, №245,1920

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dar­ba­ze­bis da Se­sa­ba­mi­sad Teat­re­bis (es ori ram, ro­

gorc uk­ve iT­qva, ume­tes­wi­lad er­Tad iyo) ar­se­bo­ba­Si
wvli­li Seh­qon­daT ara mxo­lod erT an meo­re da­we­se­bu­le­
ba­Si mo­mu­Sa­ve per­so­nals, an kon­kre­tu­li maz­ris biu­jets,
ara­med mo­sax­leo­ba­sac. es ori ram im­de­nad sa­xal­xod da
amav­drou­lad sa­si­coc­xlod aRiq­me­bo­da, ro­gorc qvey­nis
kul­tu­ru­li cxov­re­bis mTa­va­ri sa­zo­mi, rom Car­Tu­li iy­
vnen mo­xa­li­see­bic, mos­wav­le-axal­gaz­rdo­bac da a.S:

`-s. ewer­Si ar­se­bobs wignT-sa­cav-sam­kiT­xve­lo

Cven­Tvis uk­vdav aka­kis sa­xe­lo­ba­ze. am sam­kiT­xve­los
sa­sar­geb­lo aqaur mos­wav­le-axal­gaz­rdo­bi­sa da
orio­de sce­nis moy­va­re­Ta mier Te­mi wvril sae­ro­
bo gam­geo­bis wev­ris, d. Sa­ra­Si­Zis re­Ji­so­ro­biT da
sam­kiT­xve­los gam­geo­bis me­Tau­ro­biT, war­mod­ge­nil
iq­na cno­bi­la­Zis or moq­me­de­bia­ni ko­me­dia `mot­yue­
bul­ni“ da erT moq­me­de­bia­ni ko­me­dia Ta­na­med­ro­ve
ko­mi­sar­Ta cxov­re­ba-moq­me­de­bi­dan `uka­nas­kne­li
qei­fi“. war­mod­ge­nam friad sa­sia­mov­nod Caia­ra.
ime­dia Sem­deg­Siac ar dai­za­re­ben da ki­dev uf­ro
me­tis xa­li­siT da Seg­ne­biT Sex­vde­bian am­gvar sa­mu­
Saos. di­di mad­lo­bis Rir­sni arian ami­saT­vis sce­na­
ze mom­qme­di axal­gaz­rdo­ba, xo­lo maT­Tan is pir­nic,
ro­mel­nic iy­vnen ar­Ceul­ni sa­zo­ga­doe­bis mier...
war­mod­ge­na-sa­Ra­mos mow­yo­ba­Si.
war­mod­ge­na-bu­fet­ma sam­kiT­xve­los sa­sar­geb­
lod das­to­va 14,000 m. yo­ve­li­ve xar­jis ze­viT. sam­
kiT­xve­los gam­geo­ba mad­lo­bas uZ­Rvnis yve­las, vinc
am war­mod­ge­nas xe­li Seuw­yo“.28

28 `sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #891, 1920

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საქართველოს პირველ რესპუბლიკაში

gan­sa­kuT­re­biT yu­rad­sa­Re­bia ra­ba­Tis sam­kiT­xve­los

ar­se­bo­ba. riT aris es uka­nas­kne­li ga­mor­Ceu­li sxva sam­
kiT­xve­loe­bis­gan? pa­su­xis ga­sa­ce­mad un­da mi­mo­vi­xi­loT
sam­cxe-ja­va­xe­Tis im­droin­de­li eko­no­mi­ku­ri mdgo­ma­reo­
ba, sir­Tu­lee­bi, rom­leb­sac ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mo­sax­leo­ba yo­
vel­dRiu­rad aw­yde­bo­da:

`axal­ci­xis Zve­li na­wi­lis `ra­ba­Tis“ qar­Tu­li

sam­kiT­xve­lo, dRi­dan mi­si daar­se­bi­sa (1895 w. ma­ria­
mo­bis Tvi­sa), Wa­pan­wyve­tiT ewe­va mZi­me uRels.
aqau­ri mcxov­reb­ni, ise­dac da­Cag­rul­ni, uki­du­
res si­Ra­ri­be­Si Cac­viv­dnen os­ma­le­bi­sa da ser­ver­
be­gis ban­de­bis Se­mo­se­vis dros. ax­lo mo­ma­val­Sic ar
aris ime­di, rom wel­Si gai­mar­Ton...“ 29

we­ri­lis am mo­nak­ve­Ti­dan vi­gebT, rom gar­da uki­du­re­

si ga­Wir­ve­bi­sa da uam­ra­vi prob­le­mi­sa, aS­ka­ra iyo mo­sax­
leo­ba­Si ga­me­fe­bu­li sru­li ui­me­do­ba. xal­xi ver xe­dav­da
uke­Te­si mo­mav­lis na­per­wkal­sac ki. da yo­ve­li­ve amis miu­
xe­da­vad, vxve­davT Ti­To-oro­la en­Tu­ziasts, rom­le­bic
sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­le­biT cdi­lo­ben kul­tu­rul-sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­
lo ke­re­bis Seq­mnas:

`ra sak­vir­ve­lia, amis­Ta­na at­mos­fe­ro­Si sam­kiT­

xve­lo ver iq­ne­ba sa­Ta­na­do do­ne­ze da­ye­ne­bu­li, da
rom ar yo­fi­li­yo wi­neeb­ze ro­za­lia ale­liS­vi­li­sa,
da ex­la an­ne­ra emiS­vi­lis ma­ca­di­neo­ba, sam­kiT­xve­lo
ki­dec dai­ke­te­bo­da. ama­Ti Taos­no­biT id­gme­ba xol­
me war­mod­ge­ne­bi, rac Se­mo­sav­lis er­Ta­derT wya­ros
war­moad­gens.

29 `na­cio­na­lis­ti“, #6, 1920

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aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom gar­da ad­gi­lob­riv sce­nis moy­

va­re­Ta, Ca­mo­su­le­bic sia­mov­ne­biT Re­bu­lo­ben mo­
na­wi­leo­bas, ma­ga­li­TaT: mim­di­na­re wlis 27 iv­liss,
maior ste­fa­ne ia­ko­bis Ze ku­raS­vi­lis ini­cia­ti­viT
mer­ve aTas­wleu­lis sce­nis moy­va­reeb­ma war­moad­gi­
nes yaz­be­gis `ya­Ca­Ri ar­se­na“, rom­lid­ga­nac wmin­da Se­
mo­sa­va­li 4727 man. mad­lo­bis Rir­sni arian sa­qar­Tve­
los meo­mar­ni, ro­mel­nic Tav Ta­vis dro­ze brZo­lis
as­pa­rez­sac am­Sve­neb­dnen da sa­Teat­ro sce­na­sac“.30

da ra­tom, mainc ris­Tvis cdi­lob­dnen jer ro­za­lia da

Sem­deg an­ne­ra sam­kiT­xve­los, ro­gorc kul­tu­ru­li ke­ris
ga­dar­Ce­nas, Tu ar iyo co­tao­de­ni ime­dic ki mo­mav­li­sa?!
qal­ba­to­ne­bi Tav­dau­zo­ga­vad Sro­mob­dnen sam­kiT­xve­los
ga­da­sar­Ce­nad, rom amiT ime­di Cae­sa­xaT Se­Wir­ve­bu­li mo­
sax­leo­bis­Tvis, ase miaC­ndaT swo­rad da ara imi­tom, rom
mo­ma­val­Si amas rai­me da­fa­se­ba moh­yve­bo­da an Tun­dac maT
saq­mia­no­ba­ze vin­me ra­mes da­wer­da.
sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si imar­Te­bo­da ise­Ti Ro­nis­Zie­be­bic, rom­
le­bic eZ­Rvne­bo­da, ma­ga­li­Tad, msa­xio­bis dRes:

`ian­vris ors Smaev­skis Teat­rSi gai­mar­Ta qar­

Tvel msa­xio­bis dRe. war­mod­ge­nil iq­na bar­ve­lis
re­Ji­so­ro­biT da ma­ro mdiv­nis, Zne­la­Zis da S. Ram­
ba­Si­Zis mo­na­wi­leo­biT erT moq­me­de­bia­ni `le­gen­da
koS­kze“ da `da­ris­pa­nis ga­sa­Wi­ri“.31

Tu ga­viT­va­lis­wi­nebT axal­Seq­mnil res­pub­li­ka­Si ar­se­

bul mdgo­ma­reo­bas da saer­Ta­So­ri­so si­tua­cia­sac, rao­den
uc­nau­ric ar un­da iyos, sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ar­se­bul Teat­rebs
ur­Tier­To­ba hqon­daT saz­Rvar­ga­re­Tis Teat­reb­Ta­nac:

30 `na­cio­na­lis­ti“, #6, 1920

31. `ba­To­mis cxov­re­ba“, #2, 1921

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საქართველოს პირველ რესპუბლიკაში

`in­gli­se­leb­ma Tbi­li­si­dan miiw­vies qar­Tu­li dra­ma­

tiu­li da­si `ham­le­tis“ war­mo­sad­ge­naT da am miz­niT ga­
mog­zav­nes spe­cia­lu­ri ma­ta­re­be­li“.32

saer­Ta­So­ri­so ur­Tier­To­be­bis dam­ya­re­bas cdi­lob­

dnen ara mxo­lod Teat­re­bi, ara­med kul­tu­ri­sa Tu xe­
lov­ne­bis sxva dar­geb­Sic. ma­ga­li­Tad, mniS­vne­lo­va­ni iyo
im­droin­de­li li­te­ra­tu­ru­li mov­le­ne­bi, zo­ga­dad mwer­
le­bi­sad­mi da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba:

`fran­gi mwe­ra­li aWa­ra­Si. `9 seq­tem­bers qve­

da aWa­ra­Si gaem­gzav­ra saf­ran­ge­Tis mwe­ra­li qa­li
leit. we­re­Te­lis Tan­xle­biT, ad­gi­lob­riv mdgo­ma­
reo­bis ga­sac­no­bad“.33

sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si xSi­rad ew­yo­bo­da li­te­ra­tu­ru­li sa­Ra­

moe­bi, sa­ja­ro leq­cie­bi, rom­leb­Sic mo­na­wi­leob­da ro­
gorc mos­wav­le-axal­gaz­rdo­ba, ise im­droin­de­li cno­bi­li
sa­zo­ga­do moR­va­wee­bi, mwer­le­bi:

`fo­Tis qal­Ta sa­zo­ga­doe­ba 14 marts mar­Tavs

did sa­li­te­ra­tu­ro sa­Ra­mos. mo­na­wi­leo­bas mii­Re­
ben wu­la­Ze, n. Cxi­va­Ze, gri­SaS­vi­li da sxve­bi“.34

er­Ti sain­te­re­so cno­baa ga­moq­vey­ne­bu­li ga­zeT `sa­qar­

Tve­lo­Si“, ro­me­lic qar­Tve­li mwer­lis saf­la­vis mouv­
le­lo­bas exe­ba. mo­sax­leo­ba ga­nic­dis am uyu­rad­Re­bo­bas
da sTxovs yve­la uf­le­ba­mo­sil pirs, rom iz­ru­non ama­ze:

32 `Sro­ma“, #14, 1919

33 `er­To­ba“, #243, 1920
34 `er­To­ba“, #62, 1919

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`uk­ve 23-24 we­li srul­de­ba mas Sem­deg, rac gar­

daic­va­la cno­bi­li be­let­ris­ti aleq­san­dre m. yaz­
be­gi, rom­lis saf­lav­zed aR­mar­Tu­lia Zeg­li kon­
stan­ti­ne iva­nes Ze mux­ran­skis mier. Cven­da sam­wu­
xa­rod, am Zegls ara­vi­Ta­ri war­we­ra ara aqvs da arc
vin­me zru­navs amis Se­sa­xeb, ra­Ta yve­la qar­Tve­lis­
Tvis cxa­di iy­ves, Tu vin ga­nis­ve­nebs am uzar­ma­za­ri
ga­mo­qan­da­ke­bu­li kldis qveS.
vsTxovT yve­la am saq­me­Si dain­te­re­se­bul da san­
dros pi­ra­dad mcod­nel pir­Ta ga­mos­Tqvan Ta­vian­Ti
az­ri imis Se­sa­xeb, Tu ra war­we­ra See­fe­re­ba am sa­pa­
tio be­let­ris­tis Zegls.
uc­xoe­Ti­dan sa­gan­ge­bod Tu Sem­Txve­viT Ca­mo­su­
li mgzav­re­bi in­te­re­siT aT­va­lie­re­ben yve­la Zeg­
lebs da bev­ri maT­ga­ni ise wa­su­la sa­qar­Tve­lo­dan,
rom ub­ra­lo mo­mak­vda­vis war­mod­ge­nac ki ar mig­vi­
cia am di­de­bu­li mwer­lis Se­sa­xeb“.35

im­droin­del sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li yu­rad­Re­

ba eq­ceo­da mu­si­kis, ro­gorc xe­lov­ne­bis erT-er­Ti mTa­va­
ri dar­gis, ro­gorc qvey­nis kul­tu­ru­li cxov­re­bis erT-
er­Ti mTa­va­ri ma­xa­sia­Teb­lis gan­vi­Ta­re­bas. Cve­ni qvey­nis
Ti­Toeu­li kuT­xe mxo­lod mis­Tvis da­ma­xa­sia­Te­be­li Ta­
vi­se­bu­re­be­bi­Ta da gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li po­li­fo­niiT ga­moir­
Ceo­da yo­vel­Tvis da ga­mo­nak­li­si arc 1918-1921 wle­bi
yo­fi­la. po­pu­la­ru­li iyo ro­gorc fol­klo­ri, ise kla­
si­ku­ri mu­si­ka:

`q. so­xu­mi. `1919 w. ap­ri­lis 28, Seik­ri­ba mu­si­kis

moy­va­rul­Ta jgu­fi so­xu­mel qar­Tvel­Ta sa­zo­ga­doe­

35 `sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #134, 1920

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 კულტურა და ხელოვნება
საქართველოს პირველ რესპუბლიკაში

bi­sa, mois­mi­na ra mox­se­ne­ba kre­bis Tav­jdo­ma­ris Tav­

dgi­ri­Zis da Tfi­li­sis qar­Tul sa­mu­si­ko sa­zo­ga­doe­
bis rwmu­ne­bu­lis z. u. Cxik­vai­Zi­sa qarT. sam. saz.-bis
fi­lia­lur gan­yo­fi­le­bis da­saar­seb­lad q. so­xum­Si,
er­Txmad daad­gi­na: dau­yov­neb­liv daar­se­bul iq­nas
so­xum­Si gan­yo­fi­le­ba qarT. sa­mu­si­ko sa­zo­ga­doe­bi­sa.
ama­ve kre­ba­ze amoir­Cies gam­geo­bis wev­re­bi Sem­de­gis
pi­re­bis­gan: Tav­jdo­ma­re as­ta­mur ina­li­pa, amis am­xa­
na­gad ni­ko Tav­dgi­ri­Ze, wev­re­biT vla­di emux­va­ri,
Zu­ku lo­lua, iva­ne ra­miS­vi­li da bag­rat io­se­lia­ni“.36

bev­ri mu­si­ko­si Ta­vi­si xe­lov­ne­biT ir­Cen­da Tavs, Se­sa­

ba­mi­sad, iq­mne­bo­da mu­si­ka­lu­ri gaer­Tia­ne­be­bi, ya­lib­de­
bo­da or­kes­tre­bi, mar­Tav­dnen war­mod­ge­nebs.

`sim­fo­niu­ri sa­Ra­mo cen­tra­lur au­di­to­ria­Si.

res­to­ran-klu­be­bis da­xur­vis Sem­deg usaq­moT
dar­Ca 60-ze me­ti mu­si­ko­si. uluk­ma-pu­roT dar­Ce­ni­
li mu­si­ko­se­bi Se­kav­Sir­dnen da gan­zrax­va aqvT mu­
Sa­Ta raio­neb­Si sim­fo­niu­ri sa­Ra­moe­bi mar­Ton da
amiT saar­se­bo wya­ro gai­Ci­non. es az­ri friad sim­pa­
tiu­ria da yve­la xe­lov­ne­bis moy­va­rul­ma xe­li un­da
Seuw­yos maT gan­zrax­vas. de­mo­ka­tiis far­To wree­
bi dRe­van­dlam­de mok­le­bu­li iy­vnen dam­tkba­riy­
vnen cno­bil mu­si­kos­Ta Se­moq­me­de­biT. sa­xel­mwi­fo
Teat­ri mar­Ta­lia yo­vel Sa­ba­To­biT sdgams ope­rebs
mu­Se­bis­Tvis, mag­ram es mainc sak­ma­ri­si ar aris. ga­na­
pi­ra raio­ne­bis mcxov­reb­le­bi yo­vel­Tvis ver iSov­
nian dros cen­trSi ga­mar­Tul ope­rebs mous­mi­non da
ro­de­sac ase­Ti sa­Ra­moe­bi mis raion­Si­ve gai­mar­Te­ba,

36 `er­To­ba“, #99, 1919

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es gauad­vi­lebs maT das­wre­bas. 21 noem­bers mu­Sa­Ta

cen­tra­lur au­di­to­ria­Si gai­mar­Ta pir­ve­li ase­Ti
sim­fo­niu­ri sa­Ra­mo p. il­Cen­kos di­ri­Jo­ro­biT“.37

re­gio­neb­Si iS­via­Tad na­xav­diT mu­si­ka­lur sko­lebs, ris

ga­moc mu­si­kis Ses­wav­lis msur­ve­le­bi de­da­qa­la­qis­ken mie­
Su­re­bod­nen. sam­wu­xa­rod, kul­tu­ru­li ke­re­bis ume­te­so­ba
ma­Sin Zi­ri­Ta­dad Tav­moy­ri­li iyo de­da­qa­laq­Si. sa­ga­ze­To
pub­li­ka­cieb­Si aS­ka­rad Cans, rom re­gio­neb­Si mcxov­reb­ni
Za­lian wux­dnen amis ga­mo da cen­tra­lur Tu ad­gi­lob­riv
mTav­ro­bas dax­ma­re­bis Txov­niT mi­mar­Tav­dnen:

`q. Te­la­vi gu­lia ka­xe­Ti­sa. Tum­ca di­di xa­nia rac

aqau­ri sa­zo­ga­doe­ba cdi­lobs kul­tu­ru­li Su­qi
moh­fi­nos, TviT bu­ne­bac xels uw­yobs am sim­did­res,
viT alaz­nis ve­li ga­daS­li­lia pa­wia ka­xeT­zed na­zi,
aler­sian har­mo­niiT da mu­si­kis kul­tiT, mag­ram yve­
la mie­Su­re­ba centrs da ver moew­yo or­ga­ni­za­ciu­
lad Te­lav­Si sa­mu­si­ko sko­la, rom­lis sa­Wi­roe­bas
yve­la Cven­ga­ni grZnobs.
ra wa­vi­kiT­xeT qarT. sa­mu­si­ko sa­zo­ga­doe­bis ga­
moq­vey­ne­bu­li ane­tal, mog­mar­TavT Sem­de­gi Txov­niT:
dag­viar­soT sa­mu­si­ko sko­la da ga­moag­zav­noT Tqve­
ni rwmu­ne­bu­li, ro­me­lic sa­zo­ga­doe­bas de­ta­lu­rad
gaac­nobs da Se­vi­mu­Sa­vebT or­ga­ni­za­ciul mxa­res.
24 marts, qarT. sa­mu­si­ko sa­zo­ga­doe­bam ga­ni­xi­la
ra Te­la­vis mo­mar­Tva, daad­gi­na: gaix­snas sa­mu­si­ko
sko­la q. Te­lav­Si im pi­ro­be­biT, ro­gorc q. qu­Tais­
Si. am saaR­dgo­moT ar­sde­ba q. so­xum­Si da yo­vel­gva­ri
dax­ma­re­ba aR­mou­Ci­nos...“ 38

37 `er­To­ba“, #268, 1920

38 `er­To­ba“, #68, 1919

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საქართველოს პირველ რესპუბლიკაში

re­gio­neb­Si Zi­ri­Ta­dad imar­Te­bo­da Tvi­Tor­ga­ni­ze­bu­

li mu­si­ka­lu­ri sa­Ra­moe­bi, rom­leb­Sic ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mom­
Rer­le­bi iReb­dnen mo­na­wi­leo­bas, ase ma­ga­li­Tad:

`bor­jo­mi. `kvi­ras, 30 marts ad­gi­lob­riv klub­Si

cno­bil mom­Re­ral qa­le­bis, de­bis Tar­xniS­vi­le­bis
mo­na­wi­leo­biT gai­mar­Ta kon­cer­ti. kon­cer­ti daiw­
yo Ta­vis dro­ze. xal­xi mrav­lad daes­wro. friad sa­
sia­mov­no xme­bi gag­va­go­nes deb­ma Tar­xniS­vi­leb­ma.
Ses­ru­le­bul iq­na mra­va­li Zve­li qar­Tu­li sim­Re­ra,
him­ne­bi. war­moT­qmul iq­na sxva­das­xva leq­se­bi. sa­
sur­ve­li iq­ne­ba am­gva­ri es­te­tiu­ri sa­Ra­mo kon­cer­
ti xSi­rad imar­Te­bo­des bor­jom­Si“.39

gu­riis re­gion­Si di­di mu­Sao­ba iyo ga­Ca­Re­bu­li, rom

axal­gaz­rdebs Zve­li Tao­bis Sem­sru­leb­le­bis­gan gu­ru­
li sim­Re­re­bi da mxo­lod am mxa­re­Si Se­mor­Ce­ni­li cek­ve­bi
Sees­wav­laT. am saq­mis spe­cia­lis­tebs, gu­ru­li sim­Re­re­bis
mas­wav­leb­lebs, iw­vev­dnen sko­la­Si, ra­Ta bav­Sve­bis­Tvis
mem­kvid­reo­biT ga­dae­caT es xal­xu­ri sa­gan­Zu­ri:

`Cven gvsurs mkiT­xve­lis yu­rad­Re­ba mi­vaq­cioT im

did erov­nul saq­mis ke­Te­bas, ro­mel­sac ewe­va lan­
Cxu­Tis qa­la­qis gam­geo­ba da gan­sa­kuT­re­biT qa­la­qis
mou­ra­vi pa­tiv­ce­mu­li Sa­ra­Se­ni­Ze. mi­si Taos­no­biT
mow­veul iq­na qa­la­qis sko­leb­Si gu­ru­li sim­Re­re­
bis mas­wav­leb­laT cno­bi­li mcod­ne gu­ru­li sim­
Re­re­bi­sa pat. sa­muel Cav­leiS­vi­li. ro­gorc vi­ciT,
gu­ru­li sim­Re­re­bi no­teb­ze ar aris ga­da­Re­bu­li.
ram­de­na­Tac es mo­sa­xer­xe­be­li, − es kom­po­zi­to­re­

39 `er­To­ba“, #77, 1919

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bis saq­mea. rom Ca­mo­mav­lo­bas dar­Ces es sim­Re­re­bi,

ami­saT­vis sa­Wi­roa mi­si gav­rce­le­ba Zve­li mom­Rer­
le­bis wya­lo­biT. amas am­tki­ceb­da qa­la­qis mou­ra­
vi. un­da va­Ria­roT, rom pi­ra­daT me, ro­gorc ax­lo
mdgo­mi qa­la­qis saq­meeb­Tan, wi­naaR­mde­gi vi­ya­vi amis
im mo­saz­re­biT, rom axal­gaz­rda qa­laqs, rom­lis fi­
nan­siu­ri mdgo­ma­reo­ba sus­tia, ar SeuZ­lia am saq­
mis gaZ­Ro­la-Tqo. mag­ram qa­la­qis mou­rav­ma Ta­vi­si
gai­ta­na da mar­Tlac sa­muel Cav­leiS­vi­lis aTi Tvis
mu­Sao­bas di­di na­yo­fi ga­mou­Ria. Sem­Txve­va gvqon­da
mog­ves­mi­na is 7 seq­tem­bers qa­la­qis moe­dan­ze. sxva­
Ta So­ris sim­Re­ras daes­wro Cve­ni eris be­la­di noe
ni­ko­lo­zis Ze Jor­da­nia. mSve­niv­raT mRe­rian pa­ta­ra
ymaw­vi­le­bi. ag­reT­ve Seu­wav­le­biaT mo­wa­fe­TaT­vis
Zve­li gu­ru­li cek­va: fer­xu­li da xo­ru­mi, ro­mel­
sac ex­la gu­ria­Si ar cek­va­ven. es cek­va dar­Ce­ni­la
mxo­lod aWa­ra­Si. Cav­leiS­vi­lis gun­di ax­lo xan­Si
api­rebs sa­qar­Tve­los Se­mov­las. is es­tum­re­ba ag­
reT­ve Cvens de­da­qa­laq­sac. vfiq­rob, am saq­mes dax­
ma­re­bas gau­wevs sa­qar­Tve­los mTav­ro­ba. maT hsurT
va­go­ni ufa­soT an yo­vel Sem­Txve­va­Si Se­Ra­va­Tian fa­
seb­Si dauT­mon. vu­sur­veb am saq­mis dam­wyebT da xel­
mZRva­nelT na­yo­fier mu­Sao­bas“.40

im­droin­del sa­zo­ga­doeb­riv cxov­re­ba­Si ase­ve did

rols as­ru­leb­dnen sa­xal­xo sax­le­bi, rom­le­bic xel­mi­
saw­vdo­mi siv­rce iyo sa­zo­ga­doe­bis ne­bis­mie­ri war­mo­mad­
gen­lis­Tvis. Ti­Toeu­li re­gio­ni Tu so­fe­li cdi­lob­da
TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­bis Za­le­biT Tu sa­ku­Ta­ri mo­wa­di­ne­biT
ae­Se­ne­bi­naT msgav­si da­we­se­bu­le­be­bi. sa­xal­xo sax­le­bi Sen­

40 `er­To­ba“, #229, 1920

202
 კულტურა და ხელოვნება
საქართველოს პირველ რესპუბლიკაში

de­bo­da da fuZ­nde­bo­da ro­gorc aR­mo­sav­leT, ise da­sav­

leT sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si:

`sof. ve­lis­ci­xe. am bo­lo dros di­di ga­mof­xiz­

le­ba et­yo­ba Cvens so­fels. ra­mo­de­ni­me xa­nia aq ar­
se­bobs sce­nis moy­va­re­Ta jgu­fi, mag­ram ra­Rac si­
coc­xlis el­fe­ri ar et­yo­bo­da, sa­ma­gie­roT wels
gaor­ke­ce­bu­li ener­giiT moh­ki­des saq­mes xe­li da
sis­te­ma­tiu­rad mar­Ta­ven war­mod­ge­nebs; sa­zo­ga­
doe­bac Zlier eta­ne­ba war­mod­ge­nebs. Se­mo­sa­va­li
xSi­rad sa­mas Tu­mans aRe­ma­te­ba xol­me, es fu­li ga­
da­dis sa­xal­xo sax­lis asa­Se­ne­bel fon­dSi. Tu ase­Ti
ener­giiT imu­Sa­ves Cven­ma sce­nis moy­va­reeb­ma ro­
gorc ex­la, ar gaiv­lis di­di xa­ni da Cve­ni so­fe­lic
eRir­se­ba iseT kul­tu­rul da­we­se­bu­le­bas, ro­go­
ric aris sa­xal­xo sax­li“.41

`da­ba aba­Sa. iv­li­sis 21-s gai­mar­Ta di­di seir­no­

ba, ro­mel­sac daes­wro mra­va­li xal­xi. Se­mo­sav­lis
50 proc. ga­da­de­bul iq­na sa­xal­xo sax­lis asa­Se­ne­
bel fon­ dis­
Tvis, 50 proc. ki raio­ nul aR­ mas­ru­
le­bel ko­mi­te­tis sa­sar­geb­loT. un­da aR­vniS­noT,
rom aseT ga­sar­To­bebs, war­mod­ge­nebs da leq­ciebs
aqau­ri xal­xi kar­gaT eki­de­ba. sa­sur­ve­lia aq daar­
sdes sce­nis moy­va­re­Ta wre, ro­me­lic sis­te­ma­tiu­
raT ga­mar­Tavs war­mod­ge­nebs da amiT xels Seuw­yobs
mcxov­reb­le­bis kul­tu­rul da go­neb­riv gan­vi­Ta­re­
bas... par­tiul­ma or­ga­ni­za­ciam, rac SeiZ­le­ba xSi­raT
un­da moaw­yos leq­cie­bi − sxva­das­xva Ta­na­med­ro­ve
kiT­xveb­ze. aqam­de sam­kiT­xve­lo ar aRud­ge­niaT. sa­
Wi­ro kia mi­si ga­nax­le­ba“.42

41 `axa­li sa­qar­Tve­lo“, #6, 1919

42 `er­To­ba“, #159, 1918

203
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

da bo­los, da­vas­ru­loT imiT, ri­Tac da­viw­yeT − sa­xel­

mwi­fos win­svla-gan­vi­Ta­re­bis­Tvis uaR­re­sad mniS­vne­lo­va­
nia mi­si eko­no­mi­ku­rad moZ­lie­re­ba, so­cia­lu­ri prob­le­
me­bis mog­va­re­ba da saer­Tod, cxov­re­bis do­nis amaR­le­ba.
imav­drou­lad, ara­nak­leb mniS­vne­lo­va­nia qvey­nis kul­tu­
ru­li cxov­re­ba, ma­te­ria­lu­ri Tu su­lie­ri kul­tu­ru­li
mem­kvid­reo­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba da Sem­dgo­mi Tao­be­bis­Tvis ga­
da­ce­ma. ne­bis­mier dro­Si da ne­bis­mier qve­ya­na­Si sa­zo­ga­
doe­bas sWir­de­ba Rir­seu­li pi­ro­be­bi imis­Tvis, rom iS­ro­
mos da mii­Ros Se­sa­ba­mi­si sar­go, da ama­ve dros, sa­si­coc­
xloa, hqon­des `pu­ri Cve­ni ar­so­bi­sa“, ro­me­lic, uwi­na­res
yov­li­sa, aris ara fi­zi­ku­ri, ara­med su­lie­ri saz­rdo.
im­droin­de­li sa­qar­Tve­los mdgo­ma­reo­bas sau­ke­Te­sod
gad­mog­vcems er­Ti sa­ga­ze­To ko­res­pon­den­cia, ro­mel­Sic
aR­we­ri­lia ba­Tu­mis am­be­bi, ase­ve xal­xis da sa­zo­ga­doe­bis
da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba kul­tu­ris mi­marT. diax, 1918 wels, ro­
de­sac ba­Tu­mi­dan mo­dio­da bo­lo cno­be­bi, rom mov­le­nebs
Tur­qe­Ti akon­tro­leb­da, am mxa­re­Si do­ku­men­tebs awar­
moeb­dnen mxo­lod Tur­qul ena­ze da rom zo­ga­dad, uam­ra­
vi prob­le­ma hqon­da ro­gorc aWa­ras, ise da­nar­Cen sa­qar­
Tve­los: `Teat­re­bi da ki­no­ma­tog­ra­fe­bi fun­qcio­ni­re­bas
ga­nag­rZo­ben“.43

43 Кавказ, «Кавказ», #99, 1918

204
 gior­gi aro­be­li­Ze
na­Tia qar­C i­la­Ze

სახალხო და
მოძრავი უნივერსიტეტები
1918-1921 წლებში

ga­naT­le­bas (cod­nas) di­di mniS­vne­lo­ba hqon­da yo­vel

epo­qa­Si da ada­mia­nis, in­di­vi­dis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis um­Tav­re­si sa­
fuZ­ve­lia dRe­sac. am mo­saz­re­bas izia­rebs TiT­qmis yve­la,
Tum­ca ga­naT­le­bis xel­mi­saw­vdo­mo­ba kvla­vac rCe­ba erT-
erT um­Tav­res prob­le­mad. qar­Tul rea­lo­ba­Si, SeiZ­le­ba
iT­qvas, pe­ri­fe­rie­bi mainc mok­le­bu­lia kul­tu­rul da sa­
gan­ma­naT­leb­lo aq­tiur cxov­re­bas. ga­naT­le­bis mi­Re­ba, gan­
sa­kuT­re­biT re­gion­Si mcxov­re­bi axal­gaz­rdis­Tvis, bevr
siZ­ne­les ukav­Sir­de­ba, xo­lo zog Sem­Txve­va­Si ki miuR­we­ve­
lic kia. Se­da­re­biT uke­Te­si mdgo­ma­reo­baa cen­trSi.
1918-1921 wle­bis re­gio­nu­li po­li­ti­kis Ses­wav­li­sas,
Cve­ni yu­rad­Re­ba gan­sa­kuT­re­biT miiq­cia im pe­riod­Si ar­se­
bul­ma sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­tet­ma, ro­me­lic pir­vel res­pub­
li­ka­Si war­moad­gen­da de­mok­ra­tiul me­qa­nizms cod­nis Se­
sa­Ze­nad, mis ga­sav­rce­leb­lad.
sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­tet­Si ga­mar­Tu­li leq­cie­bi, Ta­vi­si
mniS­vne­lo­bi­sa Tu po­ten­cia­lis ga­mo, nam­dvi­lad im­sa­xu­rebs

205
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

cal­ke siR­rmi­seul kvle­vas. Se­vec­de­biT, am mok­le sta­tia­Si

ga­gac­noT Cve­ni pir­ve­la­di dak­vir­ve­be­bi, mig­ne­be­bi, pre­sa­Si
da­beW­di­li sta­tie­bi­dan sain­te­re­so mo­nak­ve­Te­bi da imeds
vi­to­vebT, rom mkiT­xvels ga­vuR­vi­vebT am sa­kiT­xi­sad­mi in­
te­res­sa da mi­si uf­ro siR­rmi­seu­lad kvle­vis sur­vils.
1918-1921 wleb­Si, ma­Sin, ro­ca sa­qar­Tve­los res­pub­li­ka
vi­Tar­de­bo­da da wel­Si ga­mar­Tvas cdi­lob­da, for­ma­lu­rad
Tu ara­for­ma­lu­rad, mTe­li sa­zo­ga­doe­ba, mu­ni­ci­pa­li­te­
te­bi Tu qa­la­qe­bis war­mo­mad­ge­nel­ni cdi­lob­dnen Seeq­mnaT
de­mok­ra­tiu­li da gax­sni­li siv­rcee­bi, ro­me­lic xel­mi­saw­
vdo­mi gax­de­bo­da yve­la dain­te­re­se­bu­li pi­ris­Tvis. rac
mTa­va­ria, am­gvar ad­gi­las mox­ved­ri­li ne­bis­mie­ri mo­qa­la­qe
me­tad mniS­vne­lo­van, fa­seul in­for­ma­cia­sa Tu cod­nas mii­
Reb­da da es ur­Tier­To­ba na­yo­fier Se­de­gebs moi­tan­da zo­
ga­dad. sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­teb­Si imar­Te­bo­da sain­te­re­so
leq­cie­bi iseT Te­meb­ze, ro­go­ri­caa: Zve­li da axa­li qar­
Tu­li li­te­ra­tu­ra, msof­lio da sa­qar­Tve­los is­to­ria,
bu­ne­bis­met­yve­le­ba, po­li­ti­ku­ri eko­no­mi­ka, qal­Ta hi­gie­na,
fi­zio­lo­gia, geog­ra­fia da a.S.
ai ro­gor aR­wers 1919 wels `sa­xal­xo saq­me­Si“ da­beW­
dil erT we­ril­Si uc­no­bi `mo­ke­Te“ sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­tis
mniS­vne­lo­bas:

`sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­tis moR­va­weo­bas udi­de­si

mniS­vne­lo­ba aqvs sa­zo­ga­doe­bis im ele­men­te­bis­Tvis,
ro­mel­Tac si­Ra­ri­bi­sa Tu sxva mi­ze­ze­bis ga­mo Ta­vis
dros ver miu­RiaT ga­naT­le­ba“.44

ga­zeT `er­To­ba­Si“ vkiT­xu­lobT, rom sa­xal­xo uni­ver­

si­tets udi­de­si mniS­vne­lo­ba hqon­da mu­Sa xal­xis­Tvis da,

44 `sa­xal­xo saq­me“, #902 , 1920

206
 სახალხო და მოძრავი უნივერსიტეტები 1918-1921 წლებში

zo­ga­dad, yve­las­Tvis. es iyo gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­sa da aR­zrdis

ad­gi­li, sa­dac mois­men­diT aq­tua­lur kiT­xveb­ze pa­suxs. aq
na­Te­li efi­ne­bo­da yo­ve­li­ve si­mar­Tles.45
sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­te­bis mi­za­ni iyo sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo Tu
kul­tu­rul pro­ces­Si Car­Tu­liy­vnen ise­Ti mo­qa­la­qee­bi, rom­
leb­sac ar gaaC­ndaT pri­vi­le­gie­bi da arc ga­naT­le­bis mi­Re­
bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba. es iyo siv­rce de­mok­ra­tiu­li dis­ku­sie­bis­
Tvis, msje­lo­bis­Tvis, az­re­bis gac­vla-ga­moc­vlis­Tvis.

`mo­qa­la­qe­no!
de­mok­ra­tiis usa­Sin­le­si mte­ri − mi­si Seug­neb­lo­
ba da go­neb­ri­vi sib­ne­lea! po­li­ti­ku­ris, eko­no­mi­ku­
ris, erov­nu­lis da yo­vel­gva­ri mo­no­bis wya­ro da sa­
fuZ­ve­li xal­xis ga­nu­vi­Ta­reb­lo­baa. es kar­gad hqon­
da gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­bu­li re­vo­lu­ciis mier dan­greul
mo­nar­qiis we­sis mes­veurT da far­To ma­sa­Si si­naT­lis
Se­ta­nas win eRo­be­bod­nen yo­vel­gva­ri sa­Sua­le­be­biT.
cod­nis sxi­ve­biT gab­rwyi­ne­bu­li xal­xi ver egue­ba
mo­no­bas, dam­ci­re­bas da gay­vle­fas.
Ta­vi­su­fal qve­ya­nas de­mok­ra­tiis go­neb­ri­vi ga­
naT­le­ba Seh­fe­ris. re­vo­lu­ciam de­mok­ra­tiis, mi­si
be­dis da mo­mav­lis Seq­mna mas­ve ga­das­ca. xal­xma rom
swo­ri­sa da mok­le na­bi­je­biT cxov­re­bis ka­no­ne­bis
gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT gas­wios win uke­Te­si mo­mav­lis­ken,
rom man Sec­do­me­bi da sa­sik­vdi­lo nax­to­me­bi ar gaa­
ke­Tos, is mec­nie­re­bas, kul­tu­ra­sa da cod­nas un­da
dae­wa­fos. wi­naaR­mdeg Sem­Txve­va­Si igi Tavs ver gaar­
Tmevs sa­mo­qa­la­qo omebs, Seug­ne­bel moq­me­de­bi­sa­gan
ga­mom­di­na­re Sec­do­mebs da ra­mo­de­ni­me wlo­biT da­
mar­xavs brwyin­va­le mo­mav­lis moax­loe­bas.

45 `er­To­ba“, #230, 1919

207
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

kma­ra sib­ne­le! kma­ra si­be­ce! Za­la Seg­ne­ba­Sia da

Seg­ne­ba Za­laa. es Seig­no Cven­ma de­mok­ra­tiam da amiT
aix­sne­ba is ga­re­moe­ba, rom sa­sur­sa­To da sxva droe­
biT mov­le­ni­li ga­Wir­ve­biT ga­re­mo­cu­li da mtre­
biT gar­sSe­mor­tymu­li Cve­ni de­mok­ra­tia, is­wraf­vis
cod­nas dae­wa­fos, mec­nie­re­bas ezia­ros, man Seq­mna
yve­la erov­ne­ba­TaT­vis uw­min­de­si ta­Za­ri, sa­xal­xo
uni­ver­si­te­ti. igi yo­vel­dRe met moT­xov­ni­le­bas
aye­nebs cod­nis Se­sa­Ze­nad da sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­ti
swo­red mis RviZl Svi­lad ga­daiq­ca“.46

ro­gorc Cans, sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­ti sak­maod far­Tod

iyo gav­rce­le­bu­li Tbi­lis­Si, mi­si fi­lia­le­bi ar­se­bob­da
praq­ti­ku­lad de­da­qa­la­qis yve­la uban­Si da sa­zo­ga­doe­ba
did in­te­ress iCen­da leq­cie­bi­sa da dis­ku­sie­bis mi­marT.
1918 wels, ga­zeT `so­cial-de­mok­rat­Si“ ga­moq­vey­ne­bul
we­ril­Si vkiT­xu­lobT:

`av­lab­ris raio­nis de­mok­ra­tias. Tfi­lis­Si, TiT­

qmis yve­la raio­neb­Si ar­se­bobs sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­
te­te­bi da mu­Sa­Ta klu­be­bi. Cvens raion­Si uk­ve da­
vaar­seT sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­ti, sa­dac uk­ve daiw­yo
sis­te­ma­tiu­rad leq­cie­bis kiT­xva, mu­Se­bi swav­lo­ben
Zvel­sa da axal is­to­rias, po­li­ti­kur eko­no­mia­sa da
sxva. da­vaar­seT mu­Sa­Ta klu­bi, sa­dac xe­lov­ne­ba un­da
da­vuax­lo­voT far­To de­mok­ra­tias da aR­vzar­doT is
kul­tu­ru­lad. am miz­nis cxov­re­ba­Si ga­sa­ta­reb­laT
mu­Sa­Ta klu­bis wev­reb­ma air­Cies xel­mZRva­ne­li or­ga­
no − mu­Sa­Ta klu­bis gam­geo­ba, ro­me­lic uk­ve Seud­ga
mo­va­leo­be­bis Ses­ru­le­bas. gam­geo­bam moiw­via re­Ji­

46 `er­To­ba“, #245, 1919 w.

208
 სახალხო და მოძრავი უნივერსიტეტები 1918-1921 წლებში

so­re­bi qar­Tul da som­xur war­mod­ge­ne­bis ga­sa­mar­

Ta­vad, Sead­gi­na re­per­tua­ri. gam­geo­ba yo­vel Ro­nes
xma­robs xe­lov­ne­bis ta­Za­ri mi­saw­vdo­mi gax­des far­
To de­mok­ra­tiis­Tvis. uk­ve daiw­yo mu­Sa­Ta klub­ma
Ta­vi­si moq­me­de­ba da gam­geo­ba mou­wo­debs av­lab­ris
de­mok­ra­tias Se­moik­ri­bos mu­Sa­Ta klu­bis gar­Se­mo
da nu moak­le­ben mas Ta­vis Ta­nag­rZno­bas. av­lab­ris
mu­Sa­Ta klu­bis gam­geo­ba da av­lab­ris de­mok­ra­tia xe­
li xel Ca­ki­de­bul­ni da­dio­den im gziT, ro­mel­ze­dac
Ses­dga av­lab­ris mu­Sa­Ta klu­bis gam­geo­ba. am ime­diT
aR­frTo­va­ne­bu­li viw­yebT am axal saq­mes.
av­lab­ris mu­Sa­Ta klu­bis gam­geo­ba“.47

Tum­ca, ro­gorc ir­kve­va, Tbi­li­sis sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­

te­bic ki wle­bis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si ga­nic­did­nen ma­te­ria­lu­ri
sax­sre­bis sim­wi­res, ris ga­moc Sez­Ru­du­li iyo leq­cie­bis
rao­de­no­ba. ma­ga­li­Tad, pre­sa­Si vxvde­biT in­for­ma­cias imis
Se­sa­xeb, rom ori wlis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­
tets praq­ti­ku­lad ara­vin aq­cev­da yu­rad­Re­bas, bo­los ki,
ro­gorc iq­na, ga­naT­le­bis sa­mi­nis­trom ga­daw­yvi­ta dax­ma­
re­ba mi­lion-na­xev­riT, xo­lo qa­laq­ma − 300 aTa­ siT, ri­ si
sa­Sua­le­bi­Tac moew­yo au­di­to­rie­bi, moiw­vies sau­ke­Te­so
leq­to­re­bi da a.S.
Tbi­li­sis­gan gan­sxva­ve­bu­li mdgo­ma­reo­ba iyo re­gio­neb­
Si, sa­dac sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­tets ise ar hqon­da fe­xi gad­
gmu­li, ro­gorc Tbi­lis­Si. mTe­li Za­lis kon­cen­tri­re­ba
xde­bo­da cen­trSi, Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, pe­ri­fe­ria­Si cod­nis gav­
rce­le­ba­ze iS­via­Tad Tu vin­me zru­nav­da. am wu­xil­Tan da­
kav­Si­re­biT araerT kri­ti­kul we­rils vxvde­biT:

47 `er­To­ba“, #246, 1919

209
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

`TiT­qmis er­Ti Tvis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si me mo­mix­da Tfi­

li­sis ga­reT yof­na da pro­vin­cia­Si qa­laq­Ta da ero­
ba­Ta TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­beb­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis ga­mar­
Tva moZ­ra­vi sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­tis mow­yo­bis Se­sa­
xeb res­pub­li­kis yve­la qa­la­qeb­Si.
fo­Ti, se­na­ki, zug­di­di, ozur­ge­Ti, lan­Cxu­Ti, Te­la­
vi − ai is qa­la­qe­bi, rom­leb­sac ves­tum­re da rom­le­bic
Sead­ge­nen, an uf­ro swo­rad rom vsTqvaT, un­da Sead­gen­
den kul­tu­rul cen­trebs sa­meg­re­los (zug­di­di, se­na­
ki), gu­rii­sa (ozur­ge­Ti) da ka­xe­Ti­sas (Te­la­vi).
me min­da mo­gax­se­noT im STa­beW­di­le­ba­ze, ro­me­
lic ga­mo­vi­ta­ne pro­vin­ciis cxov­re­bis dak­vir­ve­bi­
dan. ar aris sak­ma­ri­si in­te­li­gen­tu­ri Za­le­bis ar
yo­la pro­vin­cia­lur qa­la­qeb­Si, rac, ra­sak­vir­ve­lia,
me­taT afer­xebs pro­vin­ciis sa­zo­ga­doeb­riv cxov­
re­bis aRor­Zi­ne­bas da kul­tu­rul win msvle­lo­bas.
amas mSve­niv­rad grZno­ben TviT ad­gi­lob­ri­vi moR­va­
we­ni da TiT­qmis yvel­gan Se­mom­Ci­vo­den erT da igi­ves,
Tfi­li­si gvar­Tmevs Za­leb­so... da mar­Tlac Tfi­li­si
yla­pavs pro­vin­ciis sau­ke­Te­so Za­lebs.
`Tfi­li­so­ma­niiT“ − mo­mi­te­veT es uxe­Si sit­yva − aix­
sne­ba sxva­Ta So­ris Seq­mna ise­Ti da­we­se­bu­le­bis, ro­
go­ric aris ero­ba­Ta cen­tri, rom­lis daar­se­ba, Ce­mis
az­riT, ar aris ga­mow­veu­li ara­vi­Tar sa­Wi­roe­biT. sa­
yu­rad­Re­boa, rom ero­be­bi, rom­le­bic un­da iy­vnen ase
Tu ise dain­te­re­se­bul­ni de­cen­tra­li­za­ciiT, rom­
le­bic un­da grZnob­den cen­tra­liz­mis mav­neb­lo­bas
da naT­laT xe­dav­den sa­Wi­roe­bas da sar­geb­lo­bas ara
Za­le­bis kon­cen­tra­cii­sa Tfi­lis­Si, ara­med ma­Ti miz­
nis Se­sa­fer ga­na­wi­le­bas pro­vin­cia­Si, aramc Tu amis
(cen­tra­li­za­ciis) wi­naaR­mdeg ilaS­qre­ben, pi­ri­qiT, ma­
Ti war­mo­mad­ge­nel­ni `cen­tra­li­za­ciis“ ideo­lo­ge­baT

210
 სახალხო და მოძრავი უნივერსიტეტები 1918-1921 წლებში

ga­mo­dian da cen­tre­bis sa­Wi­roe­bis ideas qa­da­ge­ben. es

aix­sne­ba imiT, rom Cven­Si bevr moR­va­wes ar aqvs ki­dev
naT­laT Seg­ne­bu­li is mo­va­leo­ba, rom­lic mas awevs da
ver be­davs im mav­neb­lo­bas, ro­me­lic moaqvs pro­vin­ciis
mom­za­de­bu­li Za­le­bis­gan da­ca­rie­le­bas...“ 48

ro­gorc vxe­davT, kri­ti­ku­li we­ri­li exe­ba de­cen­tra­li­

za­ciis prob­le­mebs, cen­trSi kul­tu­ru­li, sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­
lo cxov­re­bis kon­cen­tri­re­bas, pe­ri­fe­riis­Tvis re­sur­sis
war­Tme­vas. sta­tiis uc­nob av­tors pe­ri­fe­riis ga­mo­coc­
xle­bis au­ci­le­bel pi­ro­bad ero­be­bis kul­tu­rul-sa­gan­ma­
naT­leb­lo cen­tre­bad qce­va miaC­nia, swo­red sa­xal­xo uni­
ver­si­te­te­bis sa­Sua­le­biT.
miu­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom re­gio­neb­Si ga­ci­le­biT nak­le­bi in­
ten­si­vo­biT mim­di­na­reob­da sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­tis for­mi­re­
ba, araerT siax­les mainc vaw­yde­biT. ma­ga­li­Tad, er­Ti ase­Ti
cno­baa ozur­ge­Tis Se­sa­xeb, sa­dac gaix­sna sa­xal­xo uni­ver­
si­te­ti gvar­diel-ja­ris­kac­Ta uni­ver­si­te­tis Se­no­ba­Si. iq
ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mo­wi­na­ve Za­le­bi sis­te­ma­tu­rad kiT­xu­lob­dnen
leq­ciebs Zve­li da axa­li qar­Tu­li li­te­ra­tu­ri­dan, msof­
lio da sa­qar­Tve­los is­to­rii­dan, bu­ne­bis­met­yve­le­bi­dan, po­
li­ti­ku­ri eko­no­mi­ki­dan da sxva. msme­ne­li sak­maod bev­ri iyo.49
ase­ve sain­te­re­so cno­baa Ra­ni­ris (ze­mo ime­re­Ti) sa­xal­
xo uni­ver­si­te­tis Se­sa­xeb:

`saer­Tod bevrs la­pa­ra­ko­ben mda­bio xal­xis ga­

mof­xiz­le­ba­ze, mis zneob­ri­vad da go­neb­ri­vad gan­vi­
Ta­re­ba­ze, mag­ram am mxriT jer-je­ro­biT bev­ri ara­
fe­ri ga­ke­Te­bu­la qa­la­qeb­Sic ki, xo­lo rac See­xe­ba
so­fels, iq xom am Sem­Txve­va­Si war­moud­ge­ne­li Ca­mor­

48 `er­To­ba“, #85, 1919

49 `er­To­ba“, #263, 1920

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

Ce­ni­lo­baa. xal­xis ga­san­vi­Ta­reb­laT erT sau­ke­Te­so

saS­va­le­bad un­da CaiT­va­los sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­ti.
qa­la­qeb­Si kar­gaT aris igi da­ye­ne­bu­li, sof­laT ki am
mxriT jer ara­fe­li ga­ke­Te­bu­la. ma­ga­li­Ti am mxriT
(Ra­ni­ri sam­tre­dia­Sia) Ra­nir-Wag­nis Tem­ma mis­ca sxvas.
am Tem­Si Ra­ni­ris umaR­le­si da pir­vel-daw­ye­bi­
Ti sas­wav­leb­le­bis mas­wav­le­bel­Ta ini­cia­to­ro­biT
gaix­sna sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­ti. Sed­ge­ni­lia sak­maod
far­Te prog­ra­ma, rac xal­xis kul­tu­ru­lad gan­vi­
Ta­re­bas di­dad win was­wevs. gan­zra­xu­lia leq­cie­bis
kiT­xva mec­nie­re­bis yve­la dar­gi­dan (is­to­rii­dan,
geog­ra­fii­dan, fi­zi­ki­dan, bu­ne­bis met­yve­le­bi­dan,
li­te­ra­tu­ri­dan da ag­ro­no­mii­dan).
pir­ve­li leq­cia Ses­dga war­su­li wlis 21 de­kem­bers.
mas Zlier bev­ri msme­ne­li daes­wro. Ra­ni­ris umaR­les
daw­ye­bi­Ti sas­wav­leb­lis gam­gem do­men­ti Cxai­Zem wai­
kiT­xa leq­cia sa­qar­Tve­los uZ­ve­les is­to­riid­gan,
qris­tia­no­bam­de. leq­cia me­tad Si­naar­sia­ni ga­mod­
ga, ris ga­mo xal­xi Zlier kma­yo­fi­li dar­Ca. leq­ciis
Sem­deg ima­ve umaR­les daw­ye­biT sas­wav­leb­lis gam­gem
irak­li ni­ni­kaS­vil­ma gaa­ke­Ta vrce­li mox­se­ne­ba mo­men­
tze. Sem­deg wa­kiT­xul iq­na sa­xu­ma­ro sce­ne­bi. leq­ciis
win mas­wav­le­bel­Ta gun­dma, gior­gi wiw­vi­Zis lot­ba­
ro­biT, mox­Te­ni­lad Seas­ru­la erov­nu­li him­ni da ag­
reT­ve ra­mo­de­ni­me erov­nu­li sim­Re­ra, ra­sac dam­swre
sa­zo­ga­doe­ba ta­Sis ce­miT da va­Sas Za­xi­liT Sex­vda.
ase­Ti Si­naar­siT iq­ne­ba mow­yo­bi­li leq­cie­bis kiT­
xva Tve­Si or­jel. ime­dia sxva Te­meb­Si msa­xu­ri mo­wi­
na­ve ele­men­te­bic wa­ba­Za­ven Ra­ni­ris in­te­li­gen­ciis
ma­ga­liTs. masw. ir. ni­ni­kaS­vi­li“.50

50 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #2, 1920

212
 სახალხო და მოძრავი უნივერსიტეტები 1918-1921 წლებში

gar­da sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­te­bi­sa, ar­se­bob­da moZ­ra­vi

uni­ver­si­te­te­bi, rom­le­bic sa­qar­Tve­los de­mok­ra­tiu­li
res­pub­li­kis sxva­das­xva qa­laq­Si eweod­nen saq­mia­no­bas:

`qa­laq­Ta kav­Si­ris Tan­xmo­biT, kav­Si­ris ga­naT­le­

bis gan­yo­fi­le­bis gam­gis ser. ro­ba­qi­Zis Taos­no­biT
da Tbi­li­sis uni­ver­si­te­tis qar­Tvel leq­tor­Ta mo­
na­wi­leo­biT da ma­Ti Za­le­bis Sem­weo­biT sa­fuZ­ve­li
Cae­ya­ra erT friad mniS­vne­lo­van­sa da Cve­ni de­mok­
ra­tiis­Tvis ga­dau­de­bel kul­tu­rul saq­mes: moZ­ra­vi
uni­ver­si­te­tis daar­se­bas.
leq­tor­Ta wrem Ta­vis Se­mad­gen­lo­bi­dan ga­mo­yo
saor­ga­ni­za­cio ko­mi­sia, ro­me­lic Seud­ga ener­giul
mu­Sao­bas. ko­mi­sia­Si Se­dian: qa­laq­Ta kav­Si­ris ga­naT­
le­bis gan­yo­fi­le­bis xel­mZRva­ne­li ser. ro­ba­qi­Ze,
par­la­men­tis yo­fi­li wev­ri da sa­xal­xo ga­naT­le­bis
sa­mi­nis­tros Tval­sa­Ci­no Ta­nam­Sro­me­li g. na­Ta­Ze,
ba­qos qar­Tvel­Ta erov­nu­li sab­Wos Tav­jdo­ma­re vl.
qav­Ta­ra­Ze, qa­la­qis xmo­sa­ni i. ire­maS­vi­li, Tfi­li­sis
sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­tis leq­to­ri qi­mi tu­riaS­vi­li,
na­Za­la­de­vis gan­yo­fi­le­bis mu­Sa­Ta seq­ciis war­mo­
mad­ge­ne­li k. qu­Ta­Te­la­Ze da Tbi­li­sis uni­ver­si­te­
tis qar­Tvel leq­tor­Ta Tav­jdo­ma­re par­la­men­tis
qves­to­ri ser. Jor­Jo­lia­ni.
uni­ver­si­te­tis gan­yo­fi­le­ba­Ta gax­sna gan­zra­
xu­lia res­pub­li­kis 21 sxva­das­xva qa­laq-sof­leb­Si,
jer­je­ro­biT ki − dau­yov­neb­liv moZ­ra­vi uni­ver­si­
te­ti Ta­vis moq­me­de­bas awar­moebs 12 Cvens qa­la­qeb­
Si“.51

51 `Sro­ma“, #37, 1919

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

de­mok­ra­tiul res­pub­li­ka­Si sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­te­bis

ar­se­bo­ba miu­Ti­Tebs ima­ze, rom ga­naT­le­ba erT-er­Ti prio­
ri­te­tu­li sa­kiT­xi iyo ara mar­to sa­xe­li­suf­le­bo, ara­med
sa­zo­ga­doeb­riv da ara­for­ma­lur do­ne­zec.
mo­qa­la­qee­bis ga­naT­le­ba, cod­nis ga­da­ce­ma, ga­nur­Cev­
lad so­cia­lu­ri sta­tu­si­sa, de­mok­ra­tiis­Tvis au­ci­le­bel
pi­ro­bad miaC­ndaT.
gar­da ami­sa, sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­te­te­bi iyo sa­Sua­le­ba,
ro­me­lic uz­run­vel­yof­da mo­qa­la­qee­bis de­mok­ra­tiul
pro­ce­seb­Si Car­Tvas, upir­ve­les yov­li­sa ki im mo­qa­la­qee­
bi­sa, rom­leb­sac sa­Ta­na­do fi­nan­se­bi ar gaaC­ndaT ga­naT­
le­bis mi­sa­Re­bad. es iyo siv­rce, ro­me­lic yve­las­gan mi­
viw­ye­bul pe­ri­fe­rias aZ­lev­da Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas, yo­fi­li­yo
aq­tiu­ri, Ti­Toeu­li mo­qa­la­qe Car­Tu­li­yo ad­gi­lob­riv Tu
glo­ba­lur prob­le­ma­Ta Se­sa­xeb dis­ku­sia­Si, moes­mi­na leq­
cie­bi sxva­das­xva sfe­ro­dan da a.S.

de­mok­ra­tiu­li siv­rcee­bis nak­le­bo­ba sa­zo­ga­doe­bas po­

la­ri­ze­buls, gauc­xoe­buls xdis da ar aZ­levs gan­vi­Ta­re­
bis sa­Sua­le­bas. Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, sa­xal­xo uni­ver­si­tets aqvs
ara mxo­lod sa­ga­naT­leb­lo xa­sia­Ti, ara­med es aris er­
Tgva­ri so­cia­li­za­ciis ke­ra, rom­lis ka­ri yve­la dain­te­re­
se­bu­li pi­ris­Tvis un­da iyos Ria.

`kma­ra sib­ne­le! kma­ra si­be­ce! Za­la Seg­ne­ba­Sia da Seg­ne­ba

Za­laa!“

214
 Tor­ni­ke Se­var­dna­Ze

საგანმანათლებლო
ინიციატივები და პრაქტიკა

sa­qar­Tve­los pir­vel de­mok­ra­tiul res­pub­li­ka­Si ga­

naT­le­ba moiaz­re­bo­da ro­gorc mo­sax­leo­bis TviT­Seg­ne­
bi­sa da TviT­moq­me­de­bis, ise eko­no­mi­ku­ri mdgo­ma­reo­bis
gaum­jo­be­se­bis mTa­va­ri me­qa­niz­mi. sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo ini­
cia­ti­ve­biT, sa­xal­xo ga­naT­le­bis gav­rce­le­bis for­me­bi­Ta
da praq­ti­kiT aR­niS­nu­li pe­rio­di sak­maod mra­val­fe­ro­va­
nia. sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo ini­cia­ti­ve­bis ga­Ce­na da ma­Ti pe­ri­
fe­ria­li­za­cia xels uw­yob­da re­gio­neb­Si ga­naT­le­bis miR­
ma dar­Ce­ni­li mo­qa­la­qee­bis TviT­Seg­ne­bis zrdas da maT
sa­mo­mav­lo gan­vi­Ta­re­bas. ama­ze Ta­nab­rad zru­nav­dnen ro­
gorc po­li­ti­ku­ri par­tie­bi, ise ara­for­ma­lu­ri da Tvi­
Tor­ga­ni­ze­bu­li gaer­Tia­ne­be­bi. vi­nai­dan 1918-1921 wleb­ze
Se­mor­Ce­ni­li cno­be­bi frag­men­tu­li da aras­truq­tu­ru­li
xa­sia­Ti­saa, Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, aR­niS­nu­li pe­rio­dis sru­li su­
ra­Tis aR­dge­na nam­dvi­lad war­moud­ge­ne­lia da es arc dag­
vi­sa­xavs miz­nad. Tum­ca am sta­tia­Si aR­we­ri­li ram­de­ni­me
Sem­Txve­vis ma­ga­liT­ze Se­saZ­le­be­lia da­vi­na­xoT, Tu ram­
de­nad di­di mniS­vne­lo­ba aqvs TviT­moq­me­de­bis nia­dag­ze
Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bul sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo praq­ti­kas re­gio­neb­Si
mcxov­re­bi mo­sax­leo­bis­Tvis da rac mTa­va­ria, ra ro­li
SeiZ­le­ba hqon­des lo­ka­lur ini­cia­ti­vas ad­gi­lob­ri­vi de­
mok­ra­tiis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis pro­ces­Si.

215
 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

I. sa­Ra­mos sko­la qu­Tais­Si

ro­di­dan ya­lib­de­ba qu­Tai­si da­sav­leT sa­qar­Tve­los

kul­tu­rul-sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo cen­trad, amis da­zus­te­biT
Tqma Zne­lia, Tum­ca XIX-XX sau­ku­nee­bis pre­sa­sa da sxva­
das­xva pe­rio­dul, par­tiul Tu da­mou­ki­de­bel ga­mo­ce­ma­Si
naT­lad aris war­mo­Ce­ni­li qu­Tai­sis ol­qis yo­vel­dRiu­ri
cxov­re­ba. am wya­roe­bi­dan kar­gad Cans, Tu ro­gor ya­lib­
de­bo­da qu­Tai­si da­mou­ki­de­be­li sa­qar­Tve­los erT-erT
mniS­vne­lo­van cen­trad. qa­laq­Si, ro­gorc TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­
ba, ise mcxov­reb­le­bi da­mou­ki­deb­lad, Tvi­Tor­ga­ni­ze­bu­
lad geg­mav­dnen da axor­cie­leb­dnen sxva­das­xva ini­cia­ti­
vas, ro­mel­Ta So­ris gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li mniS­vne­lo­ba hqon­da
ara­for­ma­lu­ri da xel­mi­saw­vdo­mi ga­naT­le­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­
bas, sxva­das­xva for­ma­lu­ri, par­tiu­li Tu arao­fi­cia­lu­ri
jgu­fis wree­bis fun­qcio­ni­re­bas (axal­gaz­rda mar­qsis­tTa
wre, qu­Tai­sis mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­cia, qvi­ti­ris qu­Cis
Teat­ri52 da a.S). xSi­rad, re­gio­nis mo­sax­leo­ba Ta­vad er­
Tve­bo­da kul­tu­rul-sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo saq­mia­no­ba­Si da ma­
te­ria­lur-fi­nan­su­ri re­sur­se­bis mo­bi­li­ze­bis pro­ces­Si.
wya­roe­bis mi­xed­viT, erT-er­Ti sain­te­re­so ini­cia­ti­
va, ro­me­lic saq­med iq­ca qu­Tai­sis qa­la­qis TviT­mmar­Tve­
lo­bis wa­xa­li­se­biT, qu­Tai­sis sa­Ra­mos sko­la53 iyo. sko­
lis daar­se­bis mTa­var mi­zans war­moad­gen­da axal­gaz­rda
mu­Se­bis­Tvis al­ter­na­tiu­li siv­rcis Seq­mna ga­naT­le­bis
mi­sa­Re­bad. axal­gaz­rde­bis did na­wil, usax­sro­bis ga­mo,
ga­naT­le­bis mi­Re­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba ar gaaC­nda. sa­Ra­mos
sko­lis msme­nel­Ta um­rav­le­so­bas swo­red da­ba­la­naz­Rau­

52 ga­zeT `so­cial-de­mok­rat­sa“ da `xal­xis me­go­bar­Si“ qvi­ti­ris qu­Cis

Teat­ris Se­sa­xeb 10-mde cno­ba mo­vi­ZieT.
53 2
1918-1921 ww. pe­rio­dul ga­mo­ce­meb­Si (`so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, `xal­xis
me­go­ba­ri“ da sxv.) kon­kre­tu­lad sa­Ra­mos sko­lis Se­sa­xeb ram­de­ni­me
cno­ba da sta­tia mo­vi­ZieT.

216
 საგანმანათლებლო ინიციატივები და პრაქტიკა

re­bad sa­mu­Sao ad­gi­leb­ze da­saq­me­bu­li axal­gaz­rde­bi

Sead­gen­dnen, rom­le­bic ma­Sin­del pre­sa­Si `Se­gir­de­bad“
moix­se­nie­bian. daar­se­bis dRi­dan sko­lam di­di po­pu­la­ro­
ba moi­po­va mu­Seb­Si da msme­nel­Ta ric­xvic mzar­di iyo. sa­
Ra­mos sko­la gan­Tav­se­bu­li iyo ge­ner­lis qu­Ca­ze, qa­la­qis
qal­Ta ufa­so sas­wav­le­bel­Si54. sko­lis fun­qcio­ni­re­ba­Si
aq­tiu­rad iyo Car­Tu­li qa­la­qis TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­ba, ro­
mel­mac am saq­mis­Tvis sa­mi mas­wav­le­be­li ga­mo­yo (cno­bi­lia
ma­Ti vi­nao­bac: li­za meZ­ma­riaS­vi­li, lud­mi­la mo­de­ba­Ze da
`sa­ru­mo­vis asu­li“55).
sain­te­re­soa Ta­vad sko­lis msme­nel­Ta Se­sa­xeb ar­se­bu­
li in­for­ma­ciac, ro­me­lic sko­lis mniS­vne­lo­ba­sa da sa­Wi­
roe­bas ki­dev uf­ro naT­lad war­moa­Cens; `sa­Ra­mos Sko­lis“
mo­na­wi­le­Ta 30 pro­cen­ti saer­Tod ar flob­da qar­Tu­li
enis we­ra-kiT­xvis una­rebs, 40 pro­cents Sead­gen­dnen mu­
Se­bi, rom­le­bic mxo­lod qar­Tu­lad kiT­xvas axer­xeb­dnen,
xo­lo da­nar­Ce­ni 30 pro­cen­ti sru­lad flob­da qar­Tul
da ru­sul enebs. sa­ga­ze­To pub­li­ka­cieb­Si gan­mar­te­bu­
lia, rom we­ra-kiT­xvis uco­di­nar Se­gir­debs Zi­ri­da­dad
mie­kuT­vne­bod­nen sa­xe­los­noeb­Si da­saq­me­bu­li xa­ra­ze­bi,
mWed­le­bi da a.S. swo­red es faq­ti sZen­da gan­sa­kuT­re­bul
mniS­vne­lo­bas sko­lis fun­qcio­ni­re­bas.
saar­qi­vo-sa­ga­ze­To ma­sa­leb­Si xSi­rad vxvde­biT faq­tebs
sa­xe­los­noeb­Si axal­gaz­rdo­bis war­mo­mad­ge­nel­Ta mu­Sao­
bis Se­sa­xeb, rac maT ga­naT­le­bis mi­Re­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas
uz­Ru­dav­da. sa­Ra­mos sko­la ki daar­se­bis dRi­dan swo­red
mu­Se­bis­Tvis iyo Seq­mni­li da spe­cia­lur gra­fik­sa da maT
sa­Wi­roe­beb­ze mor­ge­bul Se­saZ­leb­lo­bebs qmni­da. swo­red
amis fon­ze, gan­sa­kuT­re­bul mniS­vne­lo­bas iZens qu­Tai­sis
sa­Ra­mos sko­la, rom­lis Se­sa­xe­bac erT-erT wya­ro­Si vkiT­
xu­lobT:

54 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #427, 1918

55 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #332, 1920

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

`...da ram­de­na­Tac am­Ta­viT­ve xels Seuw­yobT mis

(Se­gir­de­bis) go­neb­ri­vaT win­svlas, im­de­naT mo­ma­
val­Si mu­Sa­Ta kla­si Zlie­ri iq­ne­ba. da Tu mu­Sa­Ta
kla­si Zlie­ria, ma­Sin Zlie­ria ro­gorc yo­ve­li or­
ga­ni­za­cia, ise TviT eric. dRei­dan iw­ye­ba axal­gaz­
rda mu­Se­bi­saT­vis bed­nie­ri xa­na. dRei­dan od­nav
mainc Seiv­se­ben jer ki­dev nor­Ci mu­Se­bi im da­nak­
liss, rac sko­la­Si ver mii­Res, TviT mu­Sao­bas­Tan,
fi­zi­kur moZ­rao­bas­Tan er­Tad gai­fur­Cqne­ba ma­Ti
axal­gaz­rda go­ne­ba“.56

xSi­rad iwe­re­bo­da sko­lis fun­qcio­ni­re­bis Se­ma­fer­

xe­be­li faq­to­re­bis Se­sa­xeb. fi­nan­se­bis gar­da, araer­Ti
cno­ba57 gvxvde­ba Sro­mis pi­ro­be­bis Se­sa­xeb. ma­ga­li­Tad,
dam­saq­meb­le­bis mxri­dan xSi­rad ir­Rveo­da dad­ge­ni­le­ba,
ro­me­lic eq­vssaa­Tian sa­mu­Sao dRes awe­seb­da, es ki xels
uS­li­da axal­gaz­rda mu­Sebs, srul­yo­fi­lad Car­Tu­liy­vnen
sas­wav­lo pro­ces­Si.

`dRes Zlivs aR­we­ven Tavs Se­gir­de­bi Ta­vianT xa­

zei­nebs, zo­gi sul ver mo­dis, da ki­dev vin icis raebs
ar eub­ne­bian, TiT­qos sko­la­Si ara­fers as­wav­li­den,
at­yue­ben da sxva. ase Sxa­ma­ven axal­gaz­rda mu­Se­bis
norC-guls. vinc ki Tavs aR­wevs, un­da na­xoT ro­gor
ener­giu­laT mieC­qa­re­ba, gar­bis iq, sa­dac maT­Tvis
sko­la dauar­se­biaT. da ro­ca maT­Si aseT ener­gias
am­Cnev, miT ume­tes sa­Wi­roa ma­Ti xe­lis Sew­yo­ba, ro­
gorc nor­ma­lu­ri das­ve­ne­bis sa­kiT­xis mog­va­re­biT,
ise ma­te­ria­lu­raT“.58

56 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #332, 1920

57 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #444, 1918
58 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #332, 1918

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 საგანმანათლებლო ინიციატივები და პრაქტიკა

ro­gorc uk­ve aR­vniS­neT, sko­la Zi­ri­Ta­dad Ra­ri­bi mu­

Se­bis­Tvis iyo gan­kuT­vni­li da, miu­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom mas
qa­la­qis TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­ba ex­ma­re­bo­da, sa­ga­ze­To gan­cxa­
de­beb­Si sko­lis mxar­dam­We­ri araer­Ti mo­wo­de­ba gvxvde­ba:

`mar­Ta­lia qa­la­qis TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­bam mii­Ro Ta­

vis Tav­ze sko­lis Se­nax­va, mag­ram im xar­jebs gar­da,
rac qa­laq­ma un­da uz­run­vel­yos, mra­va­li wvril­ma­
nia sa­Wi­ro, ro­me­lic mos­wav­li­saT­vis au­ci­le­be­lia.
da swo­red ami­tom dax­ma­re­baa sa­Wi­ro“.59

sain­te­re­soa is ur­Tier­TTa­nam­Srom­lo­ba, rac Tem­sa

da cvli­le­be­bis­Tvis mo­mu­Sa­ve jgu­febs So­ris ar­se­bob­
da. Cveu­leb­riv praq­ti­kas war­moad­gen­da TiT­qmis yo­vel­
kvi­reu­li saq­vel­moq­me­do sa­Ra­moe­bis mow­yo­ba, ro­mel­Ta
far­gleb­Si mo­bi­li­ze­bu­li re­sur­se­bi swo­red sko­lebs,
Teat­rebs, sam­kiT­xve­loebs, ga­fic­vebs, sxva Tvi­Tor­ga­ni­
ze­bul da cvli­le­be­bis­Tvis ga­miz­nul ini­cia­ti­vebs xmar­
de­bo­da.

II. qu­Tai­sis mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis

`Sro­mis Sko­la“

XIX sau­ku­nis meo­re na­xev­ri­dan sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si araer­Ti

Tvi­Tor­ga­ni­ze­bu­li qal­Ta gaer­Tia­ne­ba iq­mne­ba, es pro­ce­
si XX sau­ku­nis da­saw­yis­Sic gag­rZel­da da ara­for­ma­lu­
ri­dan ofi­cia­lu­ri sa­xe mii­Ro. 1907 wels iq­mne­ba `tfi­
li­sis qal­Ta wris ko­mi­sia“, 1908 wels msgav­si ko­mi­sie­bi
Seiq­mna gor­Si, ozur­geT­Si, ba­Tum­Si, so­xum­Si da sxv. am pe­
riod­Si saq­mia­nobs `kav­ka­siis qal­Ta sa­zo­ga­doe­ba“, `so­mex
qal­Ta saq­vel­moq­me­do sa­zo­ga­doe­ba“, `mas­wav­le­bel qal­Ta
sa­zo­ga­doe­ba“, `mus­li­man qal­Ta saq­vel­moq­me­do sa­zo­ga­

59 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, #337, 1918

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

doe­ba“, `axal­ci­xis qal­Ta wre“ da a.S. es pro­ce­si aq­tiu­

rad mim­di­na­reob­da pir­ve­li de­mok­ra­tiu­li res­pub­li­kis
ar­se­bo­bis pe­riod­Sic da man axa­li for­me­bi da mas­Sta­be­bi
mii­Ro. qal­Ta gaer­Tia­ne­be­bis saq­mia­no­ba mra­val­mxri­vi da
xSir Sem­Txve­va­Si gan­sxva­ve­bu­li iyo, rac cal­ke kvle­vis
sa­gan­sa da sa­mo­mav­lo mu­Sao­bas sa­Wi­roebs. Cvens kon­teq­
stSi ki gan­sa­kuT­re­biT sain­te­re­soa msgav­si gaer­Tia­ne­be­
bis kul­tu­rul-sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo saq­mia­no­ba­ze yu­rad­Re­
bis ga­max­vi­le­ba.
xel­mi­saw­vdo­mi da ara­for­ma­lu­ri ga­naT­le­bis siv­rcee­
bis Seq­mna­Si erT-er­Ti Tval­sa­Ci­no ga­moc­di­le­baa qu­Tai­
sis mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis saq­mia­no­ba. igi war­moad­gen­
da so­cial-de­mok­ra­tiul par­tias­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bul or­
ga­ni­za­cias, ro­me­lic mu­Sa qa­lebs aer­Tia­neb­da da mi­si aq­
ti­vo­be­bis ume­te­so­ba swo­red mSro­me­li qa­le­bis­Tvis iyo
gan­kuT­vni­li. or­ga­ni­za­ciis saq­mia­no­ba ara­for­ma­lu­rad
jer ki­dev 1916 wli­dan iw­ye­ba. Seq­mnis dRi­dan, mu­Sa qal­Ta
or­ga­ni­za­ciis mTa­va­ri mi­za­ni mSro­mel qal­Ta Se­kav­Si­re­
ba da maT­Si kul­tu­rul-sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo saq­mia­no­ba iyo.
amis pa­ra­le­lu­rad, or­ga­ni­za­cia mo­na­wi­leo­bas iReb­da
sxva­das­xva ga­fic­va­sa Tu po­li­ti­kur aq­ti­vo­beb­Si60. or­ga­
ni­za­cia ener­giul mu­Sao­bas eweo­da sa­qa­la­qo da dam­fuZ­
ne­be­li kre­bis ar­Cev­ne­bis pe­riod­Si. or­ga­ni­za­ciis struq­
tu­ris kon­tu­re­bi ik­ve­Te­ba 1918-1921 wle­bis pe­rio­di­ka­Si.
pir­vel etap­ze gaer­Tia­ne­bis mier qa­la­qi dai­yo ram­de­ni­me
ub­nad da gaix­sna saub­no ko­mi­te­te­bi,61 rom­le­bic pa­su­xis­
mge­be­li iy­vnen sxva­das­xva uban­Si mcxov­reb qal­Ta mo­bi­li­
ze­ba­sa da or­ga­ni­za­ciis saq­mia­no­ba­Si Car­Tva­ze. ase­Ti ga­
daw­yve­ti­le­be­bi mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis ga­far­Toe­bul
Sex­ved­reb­ze mii­Re­bo­da.62

60 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, №64, 1919

61 `er­To­ba“, №144, 1918
62 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, №437, 1918

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 საგანმანათლებლო ინიციატივები და პრაქტიკა

qu­Tai­sis mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis saq­mia­no­bis erT

kon­kre­tul, sai­lus­tra­cio ma­ga­li­Tad ga­mod­ge­ba or­ga­ni­
za­ciis mier 1918 wels daar­se­bu­li `Sro­mis Sko­la“, ro­me­
lic, qu­Tai­sis `sa­Ra­mos Sko­lis“ msgav­sad, Ra­ri­be­bis­Tvis
iyo gan­kuT­vni­li. igi kon­kre­tul kon­tin­gents xel­mi­saw­
vdom, maTs sa­Wi­roe­beb­ze mor­ge­bul ga­naT­le­ba­sa da Se­saZ­
leb­lo­bebs sTa­va­zob­da. sko­la qu­Tais­Si, or­pi­ris qu­Ca­ze
mde­ba­reob­da. sko­la­Si SeiZ­le­bo­da pro­fe­siu­li ga­naT­le­
bis dauf­le­ba, sxva­das­xva mi­mar­Tu­le­biT. mas­Si fun­qcio­
ni­reb­da ag­reT­ve `umaR­le­si ga­naT­le­bis kur­si“63 da igi
gax­sni­li iyo yve­las­Tvis `ga­nur­Cev­lad mdgo­ma­reo­bi­sa,
mi­mar­Tu­le­bi­sa, erov­ne­bi­sa, sa­dac SeuZ­lia is­wav­los yo­
vel Ra­rib qals, ra xni­sac ar un­da iyos is“.
sko­lis daar­se­bis pa­ra­le­lu­rad, mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­
za­cia aq­tiu­rad mu­Saob­da sko­lis au­di­to­riis ga­saz­rde­
lad. wya­roe­bi­dan Cans, rom or­ga­ni­za­cia qu­Tai­sis yve­la
uban­Si mar­Tav­da Sex­ved­rebs64 iq mcxov­ reb qa­leb­ Tan da
maT Sro­mis sko­lis saq­mia­no­bas ac­nob­da. 1920 wlis ma­sa­
le­bi­dan ir­kve­va, rom sko­lis mu­Sa qal msme­nel­Ta mud­mi­vi
rao­de­no­ba 123-s Sead­gen­da, xo­lo 1919 wels jam­Si sko­la­
Si 500-mde qa­li iyo Ca­we­ri­li65. sko­la­Si sas­wav­lo pro­ce­
si jgu­fe­bad mim­di­na­reob­da. gar­da pro­fe­siu­li da wi­nas­
war­gan­saz­Rvru­li kur­si­sa, kvi­ra­Si or­jer kiT­xu­lob­dnen
mox­se­ne­bebs sxva­das­xva sa­kiT­xze; 1919 wels ikiT­xe­bo­da
leq­cie­bi kul­tu­ris is­to­rii­dan. am pe­riod­Si mu­Sa qal­Ta
or­ga­ni­za­ciam sko­lis xel­mZRva­ne­lad ma­ro Cxei­Ze da­niS­
na. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT sain­te­re­so da siR­rmi­seul sa­dis­ku­
sio Te­mebs exe­bo­da sko­la 1920 wli­dan. mox­se­ne­be­bi ikiT­
xe­bo­da qar­Tu­li li­te­ra­tu­ris, po­li­ti­ku­ri eko­no­mii­sa

63 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, №429, 1918

64 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti“, №431, 1918
65 `xal­xis me­go­ba­ri“, №363, 1919

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 საქართველოს რეგიონების ცხოვრება 1918-1921 წლებში

da `qal­Ta sa­kiT­xe­bis“ Se­sa­xeb66. am saq­me­Si mniS­vne­lo­van

rols Ta­ma­Sob­da mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis ga­mom­cem­lo­ba,
ro­mel­mac `xe­li Seuw­yo de­mok­ra­tiis gaT­vic­no­bie­re­bis
saq­mes“.67 sko­la Zi­ri­Ta­dad qvel­moq­me­de­bi­sa da Se­mo­wi­ru­
lo­be­bis xar­jze ar­se­bob­da, ga­zeT `so­cial-de­mok­ra­tis“
1920 wlis nom­re­bi­dan Cans, rom igi se­rio­zu­li fi­nan­su­
ri prob­le­me­bis wi­na­Se aR­moC­nda da da­sax­ma­reb­lad qu­
Tai­sis TviT­mmar­Tve­lo­bas mi­mar­Ta. miu­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom
qu­Tai­sis mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­cia sa­qar­Tve­los so­cial-
de­mok­ra­tiul par­tias­Tan iyo da­kav­Si­re­bu­li, mis Se­sa­xeb
in­for­ma­ciul da mxar­dam­Wer cno­bebs sxva par­tiul ga­ze­
Teb­Sic vxvde­biT.68
am ini­cia­ti­vebs yo­vel­Tvis hqon­da sa­zo­ga­doeb­ri­
vi mxar­da­We­ra, ram­de­na­dac ini­cia­ti­ve­bi swo­red Te­mi­sa
da ad­gi­lob­riv mcxov­reb­Ta meS­veo­biT da ma­Ti uSua­lo
Car­Tu­lo­biT xor­ciel­de­bo­da. msgav­si sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo
ini­cia­ti­ve­bi­sa da ga­naT­le­bis ke­re­bis Se­sa­xeb in­for­ma­
cia mrav­la­daa sa­qar­Tve­los im­droin­del beW­dur me­dia­
sa­Sua­le­beb­Si, saar­qi­vo do­ku­men­teb­Si. ma­Ti siR­rmi­seu­li
kvle­va, ram­de­ni­me frag­men­tu­li da sain­te­re­so kvle­vis
miu­xe­da­vad, ar gan­xor­cie­le­bu­la. sa­qar­Tve­los dRe­van­
de­li rea­lo­bis gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT, ga­sao­ca­ric kia mo­qa­la­
qe­Ta da xSir Sem­Txve­va­Si ofi­cia­lur struq­tu­ra­Ta or­
ga­ni­ze­ba da pa­su­xis­mgeb­lo­ba. es is bu­neb­ri­vi mo­ce­mu­lo­
baa, ro­me­lic sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si ar­se­bob­da 1918-1921 wleb­Si.

66 `so­cial-de­mok­ra­ti, №3, 1920

67 `er­To­ba, №144, 1918
68 sa­qar­Tve­los so­cia­list-fe­de­ra­lis­tTa sa­re­vo­lu­cio par­tiis qu­
Tai­sis sa­gu­ber­nio ko­mi­te­tis or­ga­nos yo­vel­dRiur ga­zeT `xal­xis
me­go­bar­Si“ mu­Sa qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ciis mier daar­se­bu­li sko­lis Se­sa­xeb
aTam­de cno­ba mo­vi­ZieT.

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 ბოლოსიტყვაობა

1918-1921 wle­bi po­li­ti­ku­ri da sa­mo­qa­la­qo pro­ce­se­bis

mxriv sak­maod mdi­da­ri iyo da swo­red ami­tom, dro­Si Sez­
Ru­dul kvle­va­Si da erT sta­tia­Si yve­la mniS­vne­lo­va­ni mov­
le­nis aR­we­ra da ana­li­zi SeuZ­le­be­lia. Tum­ca, Cve­ni az­riT,
is ma­sa­la, ro­me­lic am ga­mo­ce­ma­Sia Se­su­li, xels Seuw­yobs
sxva mniS­vne­lo­van kvle­viT ini­cia­ti­veb­sa da proeq­tebs.
kvle­vis pro­ces­Si ar­se­bob­da Cven­Tvis yve­la­ze mwva­ve
Sez­Rud­ve­bi:
(1) rad­ga­nac am sa­kiT­xeb­ze ar ar­se­bob­da kon­kre­tu­li
kvle­va, ami­to­mac Cven ar gvqon­da kon­kre­tu­li fo­ku­si,
ris gar­Se­moc Ta­vi­dan­ve un­da dag­ve­geg­ma Cve­ni sa­ve­le
sa­mu­Saoe­bi. am mi­ze­zis ga­mo, bev­ri mniS­vne­lo­va­ni mov­
le­na SeiZ­le­ba Cve­ni yu­rad­Re­bis miR­ma dar­Ca.
(2) gar­da ami­sa, Cve­ni di­di sur­vi­li iyo ag­reT­ve, mog­
ve­Zie­bi­na in­for­ma­cia 1918-1921 wle­bis sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si
qal­Ta gaer­Tia­ne­be­bis Se­sa­xeb, Tum­ca kvle­vis for­ma­
tis, drois sim­ci­ri­sa da ma­sa­le­bis frag­men­tu­lo­bis
ga­mo am­je­rad am kon­kre­tu­li sa­kiT­xis siR­rmi­seu­li
kvle­va ver mo­xer­xda.
(3) Za­lian gvin­do­da, rom wigns moec­va ise­Ti sa­kiT­xi, ro­
go­ric aris eT­ni­ku­ri um­ci­re­so­be­bi da ma­Ti in­teg­ra­
ciis for­me­bi qar­Tvel sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­Si. amas­Tan er­Tad,
Cve­ni di­di sur­vi­li iyo, wig­ni ga­mo­ce­mu­li­yo ara mar­
to qar­Tu­lad, ara­med ru­sul, som­xur da azer­bai­ja­
nul eneb­zec, rac eT­ni­ku­rad ara­qar­Tvel mo­sax­leo­bas
mis­cem­da sa­Sua­le­bas, gas­cno­bo­da 1918-1921 wle­bis sa­
qar­Tve­lo­Si mim­di­na­re po­li­ti­kur mov­le­nebs.

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2018

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