INTRODUCTION

International Organizations are part of regionalism, or rather, examples of regionalism.

These are the physical evidence of different integration of different countries. It existed two
decades before 1968. It is founded at a time of profound and rapid change in international
relations. (Katzenstein, Keohare, Krasher)

It is characterized by either Intergovernmental or non-governmental Organizations. It is

also concern with sovereignty and globalization. Also, it somehow affects the international Law.

An international organization is one that includes members from more than one nation.
Some international organizations are very large, such as business corporations. Others are small
and dedicated to a specific purpose, such as conservation of a species. (National Geographic
Encyclopedia)

They may be bilateral, subregional, regional, or global, and they may address relatively
narrow or very broad concerns. The powers and duties allocated to international organizations
also differ widely. Some international organizations are legally recognized as international
actors—and thus are liable for breaches of international legal obligations—while others are not.
(Encyclopedia Britanica)

SOVEREIGNTY

When it comes to International Organizations, issues on sovereignty is one of the

concerns. Sovereignty is of two forms: external and international. IOs concern with the
sovereignty come from the reason that these are inclusive organizations of different nations-
states thus, creating a need to know sovereign rights of single state.

Internal sovereignty is about the autonomy. It is the ability of a state to make and
enforce its own rules domestically. External sovereignty is all about acceptance. It is the
recognition of state by other states and acceptance of state by international community.

GLOBALIZATION

Another topic concerning IO is globalization. It begins with the observation that a set of
transnational forces is limiting the abi8lity of states to make independent policy or decisions. It
ranges from mobile capital investment to global environmental degradation.

These forces have two effects. One is that it increases the tendency of member-states to
act multilaterally rather unilaterally resulting to the creation and acting through IOs. Second
effect is the reality to mold policies to fit the dictates of international economic forces.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (IGO)

These are associations of states established by and based upon a treaty, which pursues
common aims. It has its own special organs to fulfill a particular function within organization.
(Encyclopedia of Public International Law) the oldest example is the Universal Postal Union
(UPU) that was established on 1874 by Treaty of Bern. Another example is the United Nations
that is the most well-known among IGOs.

NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (NGO)

These are international organization consisting of non-governmental representatives

and individuals. It consist primarily or wholly of governmental representatives. It has no
international legal status and therefore do not enter into treaties or other agreements.

SAMPLES OF IGO

Council of Europe – founded on 1949 by Statute of the Council of Europe for the protection of
human rights and democracy, adherence to the rule of law, promotion of a European identity,
and development of solutions to societal problems.

International Atomic Energy Agency – specialized agency within UN founded on 1957 by Statute
of The International Atomic Energy Agency. It serves as an intergovernmental forum for
scientific and technical cooperation in the nuclear field.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – is an alliance of member-states working

collectively to ensure joint security through political and military cooperation.

World Trade Organization (WTO) – founded on 1995 by Agreement Establishing the WTO and
the successor of GATT. It deals with global rules of trade between nations and supports
multilateral trading systems.

SAMPLES OF NGO

Amnesty International – works to promote Human rights as set forth in Universal Declaration of
Human Rights and other international Human Rights documents. It focus on freeing prisoners of
conscience, abolishing the death penalty and torture, ensuring fair and prompt trials for
political prisoners and disappearances and political executions.

CARE – founded on 1945 to provide emergency assistance in Europe.

International Campaign to Ban Landmines – works toward universal adoption of both Mine Ban
Treaty and clusters of Munitions Convention
World Wildlife Organization – founded on 1961 that works to halt the degradation of
environment by conserving biodiversity, ensuring use of renewable and sustainable natural
resources and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.

ASIAN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation – manifestation of determination of South

Asia to work together towards finding solutions to common problems in a spirit of friendships,
trust and understanding. Comprising of seven countries including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

Organization of Islamic Conference – made to safeguard the interest and ensure the progress
and well-beiong of their people and those of other muslims in world order. It was established
on Sept. 25, 1969 in Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco.

Economic Cooperation Organization – established on 1985 by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey for the
purpose of promoting economic, technical, and cultural cooperation among member states.

ASEAN – established on 1967 in Bangkok by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and

Thailand. With two purposes: (1) to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural
development; (2) to promote regional peace and stability

REFERENCES:

Burnett A. 2015. International Organizations. American Society of International Law.

Iqbal S. and Yousaf U. 2015. An Introduction to International Organizations. University of

Engineering and Technology, Lahore. Retrieved from
www.researchgate.net/publication/2071448205

https://www.britannica.com/topic/international-law/International-organizations#ref266217

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization