PASSIVE VOICE ¢ " \ j Pattern 40 be + V5 iz P&C Retve voice fe P 5 (Ragsive voce) J Gopeseay j Tobe sis samy are present 405 were + fort i Be Stuur + V5 $ Been + perfect 4 Being §— + continuous EV Avers WR: Issam sare + Vs 2. Ispam pare + Ving (Y. iscamyare +belng + Vs > Havel7hasnavy (Y= have /has been + Vs 4 tee (y= wor suere + Vy 5. Was7were + Ving PW = WAS/were + being + Vs ©. Madea (@v=had been Vs 1. Wilh My y= will be + V3, 2. Wil have V3 (Ey: will hove been Vs Exception 4. Need +Ving = need to be + Vs fey: The cor neeas repairing (ursthe car need to be Fepoi ‘Seem + towwailav) tonbesva (PY) +04 tol (AY) , Nace = Lobes crv) [EP | woutd tne the Feacher 40 punish Ane students (P¥-> | would te the Sudents 48 be puniched bby the teacher 4. Modaizy, con /coutel may / eight \ win would sshan + V4 mud /hove te Should over to thy + modals + be + Vs Characteristic Pui: 4. Commonly the subject / object $c unpetson 2. S(peron) casey by sass ins On / to /1ath, (Gi she as a nice womon since 200 Q. has known b. wor known 18 Known, d. has been known eis being known (EWI: The patients seemed +o blame the doctors Pu the doctors seemed t0 be blamed by them [ee _ _CONCORDANCE /A GREEMENT ve DATE 4 Concordance: periewoion / perttujven Regulation’ 1. Each of One oF Noneor + Sep * Pow Aogether with awe os dong with accemponed by 2g.¢Mary, together usith her mom goer shopping, 4$Mary ond her mom 90 shopping —+-S—+Pisgy— Euseritg 6. 4 Distonce "Nether oF Fieeey frea(s6)°-'s- -Has 4 Time Okay —singutar =u = VyaF 7 ee 45 Gerund B19. = None of the members comes Peas: 2, The member ot Co, Peams Big 4 Two doys Is enough to soy 1 love you 4 750 Kms is 50 FOr A number oF Pcpey 4 smoring Kins you Prea cpt): -are "4° = Hove were = Vy 1. Fraction’ G:G+ # Acumber oF my clothes ore block wr The number oF his Friends 1s womon 3. Newer. 4 Nor, ¢ _ Pen or Ehner 4 Froction + Sep + Pep 4 Fraction + S cuncumnatternevn) + Peso) 12} +4 One third OF the children were steering 4 One third OF water 1s empty &. Paatettism’ gigh: Ether Som of hit friends don't wan to 90 4 and __ vi Va ond ve Ve 4. Sigg) + in ronsoy/ + Sz + Pesay With /Fr0m /atout Sqp+ — Tidem + Sa + Prepay BG: The problems in cur class ‘were comples 9 Bot __and_ Netiner___ nor Ether ___ gr —_UW Aai be aon Sy 4 Not only, __ but also 29. + 4 She hos not only fead H but also explained V3 V3 4 She not only has feod 4 but also | V has explained . V3“bo ; 7 DERIVATION % ) 4 Forming a new word From ~ are September 1), 2016 us another word ith + selfish , chiidish )_by nding prefix or s0ftig "= al + Ingtromental, emotional p—tszwem tains weakne (navn) ics getenuific, hero 14 kind of speech em differen } Noun (wW) Verbs ~ any varam 5 p 0) piney ie creative bh 1.NOUn . 3. Verb r 4 as funjeet and objec L, as predicate jure. Prefix. en - + encourage, enforce ~ = Ment Qgreement SURE = - FY» idenviFy, classify r Y= possibly = @n + strengynen , soften YP - fon «dedication, education ~ize/yze + andlige , memortee P_~ ME Florist, biotogiet = ote + differentiate 7 Mess + politeness, sadness hood + brother hood A. Advetb P= ship partnersnip. ne L to moditgevery r -th + death, Strength, growth suppres — ly -er «player lexceptton:} PTs actor adj ‘adv r = ence . dipperence, patience good well = Gnce . + entrance harg hard fast Fost V2. Rajective PL, to pmodiryronoun ©: she & O hard worker psp bs - able + Qvailable, Valvable the hard worked FL plevible + credible / responsible aw PF -0Us _« Continyous, dangerous ~ Ful. cowrrul r = lets » hopeless, painless . i4. Avanythe + (Noun = advile + verb Adj odvice » noun 1, The development The careful development Success - noun succesful + ad) atin succeed very : very Adjective - » become more : — ome » Reguiation / position ‘.cexpmcmmatnony __ 3 their * ee © @Y « wonderpal action = her Noun ™ 2. Werbextmadvesy his AdjaeN OM L, drive stowly my . Slowly drive ‘your S-ptorbertoAdj+ Verbs 6. AdvertAdjatmNoun Gite logically understood @) Totally hormpur activity 2 ex. He Is very’ famousCUMUSES | ‘Definition: a group of words (sentenc A.BASED ON THE FUNCTION (1) [Ndependent > main clause (2 hefendent > sub couse B.PASED ON THE POSITION (in sentence) (fy Noun Clause (ay Adjective Clause (3) Adverb Clause (conjunction) 1. INOIUININCLAUISE (dependent) hs subject and object Characteristic + using = - that (bakwa) - if /whether (oparan ) = Question word Q@NounsCiouse=os=fupjecks that P*0 2-9) oe aks us crary igywnetner + §’+ P's Q! + g.wore word 4 That Tom augy Debby mates ay craey con. os’ ft’ SP Complement, 5 A sie came (ae seid aquestiony conj. sf’ po P Predicates: -Vy -to be -do/does said - Vi -Modals -have/hos /hod (can, may , will, Should, must ) Na i} Cais “is S+ Pt int 48/4 P40" 4. werd 0 9 $1 ceally dont know how for your house is v Pr # She Osked whether | loved (aim op #\ said that he was orary 1. ADIEGTIVRCLiU Ge ~ to modify oun > to replace noun > who 9) whose / of whtel > whew ywhere /injon, at which > which 2 WhER Zon wh] ch ==) thet Cyaug) 4 Person + who + predicate § Person + whom + § / perion 4 Thing / animal + which + $/P 4 Petton + whose + noun 4 Na (thing) , Ne + Of which + Pr, fr s thot = to replace who, which, whom| | CROEOCReeR eee eee weg: - Hove the man who is sitting in front Of my father - | love the wan whom my father Killed ~The building which was buitt by my grandfather har gone ~ The doctor whose te I Mew Is talented ~ The School, the teacher Of which are only Women, a been closed LOR The schoo! whose teachers are only women hos been closed 4 Address to $ talk to /About 4 differ trom -whidh (ung erson) 4 Send to 4 Speak of / to 4 approve of 4 Think of / About + Interest ed in 5 get / take from} “whom ( person) egw. - Mr Andrew whom we talk about 1s Find. cc = Mr. Andrew Gbout whom we tak about Ic Find 4 The Wiew which we are Interected in ic breathtaking owto tt Tone 1 NEM /WI AINFERKENGE Ci conse nyurea-y Pho 7 what is toiking abour D Infetrence is unwritten contusion ¥ Find the word 7 phrase that is Frequentiy D Find “TRUE " sentence tepeated CFERENC ‘HAN (DER /INFOR MATION epee ek: “they” in tine 3 rerers to. Diwhat happens in ine topic — ee PURPOSE OF FASSAGE-/AUILOR'S Meno —— D the author's goal /aim inwriting the postage ‘HYPOTHESIZE 7 > (1 40 Show, tty Inform / present > One's opinion or author's opinion | (2) te descrive / to illustrate __ based on the pic OF the tert Tey D> deductive or indyctive (2) te describe how /explain / explicate (A) to discus / to argue ) to recommend (Suggert /Percuode - ot ea author organives /writes A) Description — @ Sequence /order “BY Cause = effect D find 0 new ideo which ic not written in the text » Read oll first poragraph ond then guers what the previous paragraph ic (4) Contrast - comparison (5) problem - solu PARAGRAPH FOLLOWING /1VE » Find a new idea which is not writen in the tet SSS : Read at last paragraph ang then quest what the nex} idea ifye 1 REASON $Becouse 9m 1 py Sas + for . 5 Brome of 14 phrase tig / oun 4 due to 1 conirion Sif = provided thot 4 uniess ———————————— 5 Even if (bohkan jka) 4 In case that /in cose of (rotout) + For fear that (natau*) 4 Otherwise Cuno tidak) =» CL) 4 Time 4 when / while Jas 4 npler /as s00n as | $ Before / unit 4 CONTRARY. 5 but $ Mowever S Nevertheless 4 Nonetheless Noamun 4 Yet 4 sta () fs eae, scone Meanwhile ( sementara Hu) r 4 Onde other hand (sebauknyay ¢ though | + Even though 4 Though J S# P40 (Meskipeny 4 In spite of 4 Despite 4 + phrase /n /Ving (Meskipun) 5 PURPOSE : sin order 40+. 1 goar 7 svpaya 4+ Inorder that GANDDiFON 4 Moreover 4 Furthermore seloin itu 7 () sin addition | selanyuinya 4 Besides = - RUUD /eFrECr 4 $0 5 thus) MORO] jadi - + hence () $ Therefore - Oleh Kareno ity 4 consequenily + dkibainy a SAS O result 4 $0 that + SehinggaDae > AMlhough’ he loved Jane, he didn't want Lo marry her, +> In spite of his bod attitude | \ \ove him > He couldn's earn much ; however, his family courg 90 to abroad +> The young boy got o Scholar ship to England. Therefore, he took Enotish course 2 My new neighbor hos three husband , moreover, She makes Offair with three men ~> He has done everything in order to 9€ the ost feiult > Every (tiudent must Come earlier, Otherwise they miss the bus$Welping verbs » kato kerja bantu ~” @& Mus a fave + Vs 7 been fost... (da bukit / faxte) TYFES OF MODALS went 4 1'm sure that Past i i 4 I believe that + §. re 4 It's concluded that - Con > be abie to ability / posse) 4 certainty / certainly 2. May > Poscibiliey 3. Must > have to /has to (certainty /obt gation) ‘4. Will Isha > be going to (future) €.9.. 4 He must be busy (certainty) $5 Wemust come on time Covttgation ) €-9.+ § Shermustihavelcaled the doctor pers Meant: I'm sure that she called the doctor 4 Jone mustneshavengivens the book 1. Coa Ts means: {believe that the didn’t glve the book 2. Might 3. Must / had to & Migh + have + Vs /been 4. Would / should + akan & mungkin ... Copinion) 5. Should / ought to / had better MERNS een Advice 41'm ot sure tha) : e.g. “$1 shoud) vith him next week 4 Possiply / possible | j a Past akan 5 Perhaps = ~ Fente 4 Tethould) bear Davia ‘s mom's advice 5 Maybe Seharuinya = 1. Must V : 1 Mio Ls Hayes °/ been €.4. + § Shesmightihave! been there 3. Should means: perhaps she was there 4 Could 4 We mighto’t have told it NEANS + Lalking about past event means: maybe he didn’t tell itDate I . | © Stowe s yyy + Y /een Could by bisa saja Stharusnya i ns: ®@ 9S 229: 4 Hewouldshonesgonien the 9iFt - _> She ctowanctahovenaame © - means! She did it - -PARTICIPLE - bind of word that ir used Qs Adjective and Adverb Kinds + 1. Active Participte (Ving) Lefassive Farticiple (v5) ACTIVE PARTICIPLE (ving) Le / ber = Usage: © 10 Moptey Nouwe BGs an interesting book @as pam ADT- CLAUSE? who which * hy = Ving view aaa men - IFAT) dal¢m jalimat, + ~to ke - Have /has / hod -Vh = De / does / did “Ma -Modals Mara cari jawoban benrue Wingy (eH: The baby [ast right was mat a. Cried ci ho crying © «tying > We have Fnown the doctor ‘ind 4h— _patient ® Ving ly SPY SRE yang me-/r- em Maing outside , CAENNWWNEMUAeR thunder came X ; ee . 2 When | white * +» Because Since As for was, Juere + Ving + f+ ® being ...4, S+ Pe MEANS = Gecaure a C4 -to-be = a i esp DEIQUERAMRRERATET, the won was busy heeding AS the man was the manager OHwing + "7rea, Sev setelah me -/ber- _ SERN After had 4 VS ‘heey As Soon —Rqssivet PARTLCIPLE (0 = /ter- in. ___Q To wodiry Noun! tog A mie car Gin ntoucty AnyecTive CLAUSE whe Wt sober Vy 2M by age + ao bui [ding Saale Bo entry sem 5 bilien price Vs y The buading destroyed ...\Gaet, cet MONTE Because /since 7h /for + St tobe +V2 _ @® Having been Vy GarVey “GH SeEw MORNE Arter + 5+ had been + VsCCRUND- Basic Forw = Ving function = Ar noun USAGE - 1-AS SUBJECT ~> Swimming’ ig his new activity 1. AS COMPLEMENT > Her new job Is (Counting people's income 3. METER PREPOSITION » in on after — active tee i with For being +V; without @bout 4 ‘pauive — She listened to her Mom's voice byt (using earphone = They are afraid of (being interrogated 4-AFTER CERTAIN VERBS amit delay __practice avoid deny risk appreciate ditlike suggest ing fear help Enjoy Fecommend Complete —_EXCUE understand T beity coutider postpone go fu finish imagine — walss 4 __ forbid mind keep by- They have fplntsbearaWeussingy the topic P' - The dependant [Reptibeingnpunisheds, $B My his your ity their -p Ving her our et ~ (My-coming-late disturbs them 6. AFTER LINK VERB /IDI0M look forward te be used to get wed te Ving be accustomed te! 7 Object to being +V; oe coures to is eg? ~The wan Gonpesed Falkidnapping the baby gict = [en ooking FOraranAs being) Intenviewedy 7- REMEMBER 7 ‘tommVA (5 remembers that "S* wane #0 do it ) Og? Lirenenber t00CehH the birthday Card, so 1 atk Ton to send it - (Warig'("S" has done = past event ) eg? «| pememberssending the birthday Card, so lam Surprised he doesut care _ __ FORGET ‘Homa ('S" forgets that 's' must do I ) 2g Don't (forget towisity your grandma She dldn4 forget to type the letter- Mangy('s* forgets that activity )> past event ey: We forgotevisiting Our grandma| StoP i ROWE ('S' want to do it) [ 2a He Gopr tovwrite (He wants to write) Ming ('S' Stop doing it) I ta: He HOPE writing (no writing) Need + Ving = Need + to be + V3 (yy The boy needs Filling = the boy neeas to be killed_ the Consists of 104. Apter Subjunetiv ras OL. Infinitive without to (V4) ~ insist 02. Infinitive with to (to + Vs) suggest command Vy = raat that A.injinitive without to |, ie OL After Medals tecommend can /could ak thay / might Vy G9: - He insists that Tom drive hin will would * le =| suggected that the man cal) +he police Should /Ought to/hag better pected 2 B. Inginitive with to €-9.:- She must meet the bors now - could answer oll the question wer . TO MOMIFY PUr pose Must O2.Aptercertain verbs tO* Vins Stiwen + Ve Have E Should Let +O0+ ca ought te Make be _t-g+ -To take the course, you must Help pay the enroll fee eg: - She made the boy cry : 7 = will help dane finish her duty 2. After to be, adj, noun, Question wor : 03-Apter sense PELCEPEION AV want ic to meet my tomily Grrata Kerja $9 berhubungan 4g pancaindra > She was too busy te join ws See hear e a Ineed some s4rong boys observe taste +0 + “/be to ligt thir table novice Feel ~ | don't Know how 4 Solve woich smelt eg - We Sow the man steal the book = lam watching my son play piano| |3. After certain verbs HH - Agree ~ request ~ Teach bp aio ~ Allow - expect fcc - Advite - Bed = Fail | | = Attempt —- begin - Hope to V, - Appear = Continue ~ \ntend + + D> Ask ~ Decide - Need tot bet Vs |= Geb - Tell - Warn = - want - Wovld like ~ Order Ly Passive i), || - OFfer = Promice - Require i] e-g: - | have taught Mary to ting well - He warned the car to be FixedAtk fomeme to do s0 > Subject is not the agent or, Have = let = make = help CWebvethViE 02. Get = ask = force = allow = permit * demand = require Ol, MOT UM ENCA USA TINA ij ceive 5 + have /let /make + 0 Cactive) + Vy S+ get /ask callow + 0 (active) + to + Vy e9:-Ihad tom plant the grass around the garden ~ She has gotten the bey to Send the package 02 RACY ERIC VAL j ja person (passive) S + have /let/ make 4 0 cpassive) Bs Vs. Get > the = S+ ask /allow/ permit / + Q cpastivey +tot be + Vs — force / demand e.g. - Ann asked the car to be fixed 7 = Ann had the car sold Vr (1) Change Active —> other active (2) Change passive —? active (3) Make a Mew sentence bared on the Tenses of Causative 9.1 - She had the book published CP) L Own Vs - She had someone publish the book (A) Vi Owar \ Someone published the book Va_— = } | "We have gotten the dress displayed by Jack hes ua if iS We have AQSked jack to dicplay the dress Jack hac ditplayed the dress - | will (et Sam promote my store | Ly {will alfow Sam to promote my store _b, Sanwill promote my Store 2ATalking about hope and conaition Consist oF + - with - As if £5 though - would rather = iF only Mp oA FUTURE SUbsUNCTIVE ss > tomorrows, tonight, next ..- Meanings fact, with (withes coulg ws subjunctive pact ag aes wlthess 6 + }' ny a OE Set Taott *Mhe could cont vig-onty + 5 6 Yu + “be couldn't can would won't 09: - Lwith Alex could join Us tonight wouldnt will - It only they woudn't attend the teminar tomorrow B.PALSENT SuBsunctive today , now iMeaninge7 Fact + > Sy + Withswither 4 6, 4 Vasant subjunctive Fact would rather were Vi don't (doen't abit Mya + OS if + Sy 4 MeL didn’t W/V ts were were is fam 7 are net > if-only-+ 5+ Ye Zdidn't were e.g. : -He wither the teacher didnt give @ test M:Ahe teecher gives a test today - She talks tome @5 IF She knows me M: She doesn’t knew me - Ip only he were here now M: He is Mot here now as 2 CS CS Ci i Ae © 5 Le PAST SubvuNeorive A — Uare} ogo, yerberdays eaningaryack: r > $y 4 With/ wished 5. 4 Haas “been subjunctive Fact ry Would rather Had + Vs Didnt +, CAP via Veo as if + Suttons "been Haan't + Vs Ve ” Hoa been wasnt / weren't AP sig ontys $+ hod + Vir been Aeo |||] =! would rather Mr. Smith hadn't come to the parey Hi M: Mr. Smith Came to the party Hi ~ He behaved as though he hod been the manager I MW: He wasn’t the manager “If only She had occepted my confession | Ms the didnt accept my cong escion