Executive Summary 2020

IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS
YEARBOOK 2020
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
An exclusive report
specially prepared for
our panel of experts
We are particularly pleased and proud to present the IMD measurements related to political stability, and to social and
World Competitiveness Yearbook 2020. The 32nd edition of this gender equality. Moreover, the effectiveness of the health and
publication is launched at a critical moment for the whole world. education systems, and the protection of the environment,
We heard about COVID-19 in early January and since then it have a crucial role in driving competitiveness trends.
has become a permanent feature of our daily life. What started
as a public health issue, became a worldwide health systems We always feel privileged and grateful to enjoy the support
crisis, which evolved into an economic and financial crisis as of a substantial group of stakeholders. From our Partner
well. Its repercussions affect the lives of people, companies, Institutes that coordinate part of the demanding task to gather
cities and countries. The predictions for the performance of and validate the necessary data employed, to the IMD Alumni
economies around the world are dire. In addition, concerns community and our Panel of Experts from all the countries who
about a potential ‘second’ wave of infections further compound respond to our questionnaire, to the IMD faculty and staff for
the situation. their support, feedback and involvement. We are fortunate
and honored for their continuous collaboration. This year, in
It was within the general lockdown of cities and countries particular, they miraculously managed to make us feel that it
around the world that we worked on this edition of the was business as usual and not a uniquely complicated, difficult
Yearbook. Working from home, coordinating via the internet, and uncertain environment in which to gather, validate, and
gathering data and insights and validating the accuracy of the share the necessary information. The reason you have this
information was particularly challenging. At the same time, this publication in your hands now is, for a great part, because of
novel situation demanded the creation of a new framework to our stakeholders. We are humbled and thankful!
push our work forward. And this is exactly what we did.
We continue serving our mission, that is, to understand

and analyze the competitiveness of 63 economies. This year,
special care must be provided in interpreting the results; the
hard data we employ are realizations of 2019 and therefore,
Professor Arturo Bris pre-COVID-19, while the responses from mid- and upper-level
Director IMD World Competitiveness managers to our Executive Opinion Survey were collected
between February and April of 2020 and coincide with the
Center outbreak of the pandemic worldwide.
Professor Arturo Bris
Director
IMD World Competitiveness Center
An important component of the competitiveness study is
to align the criteria we employ with the important challenges
and concerns of the world economy. Thus, this year, new
criteria were added to reflect the importance of achieving the
UN Sustainable Development Goals. The complete list of the
criteria can be found on p. 30. They provide a perception of
where an economy stands with respect to different sustainable
goals that need to be satisfied in ten years such as education
and the environment, inclusion and empowerment, ageing and
health.
The results present a familiar pattern in the factors that

have influenced the current performance of highly ranked
countries. Such patterns emerge around international trade
and investment, employment, the openness of societies,
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THE 2020 IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS SCOREBOARD
Competitiveness scoreboard (ranks 1 - 30)

COMPETITIVENESS RANKING (Ranks 1 - 30)
Competitiveness scoreboard (ranks 31 - 61)
COMPETITIVENESS RANKING (Ranks 31 - 63)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100.000 (1) Singapore 1 73.595 (29) Lithuania 31
99.496 (8) Denmark 2 71.688 (31) France 32
98.373 (4) Switzerland 3 71.245 (33) Czech Republic 33
98.352 (6) Netherlands 4 69.854 (30) Japan 34
97.061 (2) Hong Kong SAR 5 68.623 (37) Slovenia 35
95.866 (9) Sweden 6 68.232 (36) Spain 36
94.602 (11) Norway 7 68.217 (39) Portugal 37
93.506 (13) Canada 8 67.084 (42) Chile 38
93.505 (5) UAE 9 66.967 (38) Poland 39
92.358 (3) USA 10 66.751 (32) Indonesia 40
91.267 (16) Taiwan, China 11 65.356 (40) Latvia 41
90.732 (7) Ireland 12 64.660 (34) Kazakhstan 42
88.630 (15) Finland 13 62.095 (43) India 43
87.864 (10) Qatar 14 61.971 (44) Italy 44
87.702 (12) Luxembourg 15 60.424 (46) Philippines 45
86.269 (19) Austria 16 59.997 (51) Turkey 46
85.881 (17) Germany 17 59.952 (47) Hungary 47
85.031 (18) Australia 18 59.426 (48) Bulgaria 48
84.355 (23) United Kingdom 19 57.872 (58) Greece 49
82.038 (14) China 20 56.465 (45) Russia 50
81.462 (20) Iceland 21 55.559 (49) Romania 51
80.266 (21) New Zealand 22 54.874 (55) Peru 52
79.221 (28) Korea Rep. 23 54.797 (50) Mexico 53
78.190 (26) Saudi Arabia 24 52.152 (52) Colombia 54
77.783 (27) Belgium 25 51.867 (54) Ukraine 55
77.708 (24) Israel 26 49.631 (59) Brazil 56
76.395 (22) Malaysia 27 49.541 (53) Slovak Republic 57
76.230 (35) Estonia 28 48.815 (57) Jordan 58
75.387 (25) Thailand 29 45.163 (56) South Africa 59
75.352 (41) Cyprus 30 43.896 (60) Croatia 60
43.409 (62) Mongolia 61

(2019 rankings are in parentheses)
38.063 (61) Argentina 62
The IMD World Competitiveness Ranking presents the 2020 overall ranking for the 63 economies covered by the WCY. 25.373 (63) Venezuela 63
The economies are ranked from the most to the least competitive and the results from the previous year’s ranking (2019)
are shown in brackets. The Scores shown to the left are actually indices (0 to 100) generated for the unique purpose of (2019 rankings are in parentheses)
constructing charts and graphics.
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OVERALL Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Argentina 55 58 56 61 62 53 56 60 61 60 58 58 60 61 63 55 58 49 59 62 51 52 47 51 52 Argentina
Australia 17 21 19 18 18 24 25 19 14 23 14 18 14 13 15 17 27 24 24 21 18 18 16 17 18 Australia
Austria 24 25 18 19 16 19 40 17 20 15 35 33 32 28 25 22 17 14 17 16 12 11 14 11 10 Austria
Belgium 22 23 26 27 25 33 23 44 37 25 28 32 35 36 35 19 26 23 28 22 13 13 20 21 19 Belgium
Brazil 57 61 60 59 56 55 59 54 57 56 61 62 62 62 61 51 49 50 57 47 46 51 52 54 53 Brazil
Bulgaria 50 49 48 48 48 40 37 28 47 34 33 39 37 42 39 54 56 57 54 53 47 47 51 50 50 Bulgaria
Canada 10 12 10 13 8 14 16 13 12 10 10 13 9 14 10 12 11 7 16 10 9 10 7 12 8 Canada
Chile 36 35 35 42 38 34 34 41 48 50 27 26 24 26 20 36 31 26 41 37 45 45 43 47 45 Chile
China 25 18 13 14 20 3 2 2 2 7 51 45 46 35 37 26 18 15 15 18 25 25 19 16 22 China
Colombia 51 54 58 52 54 46 41 51 50 52 53 56 58 56 56 45 53 56 47 52 56 58 58 56 56 Colombia
Croatia 58 59 61 60 60 56 57 56 55 45 56 57 56 58 59 61 63 62 63 63 43 46 46 49 48 Croatia
Cyprus - 37 41 41 30 - 28 22 19 13 - 22 28 32 21 - 50 53 52 35 - 40 41 42 38 Cyprus
Czech Republic 27 28 29 33 33 20 19 16 17 16 29 29 27 34 36 30 34 32 37 38 26 28 30 31 32 Czech Republic
Denmark 6 7 6 8 2 22 20 26 26 21 8 7 6 6 4 6 8 3 7 1 2 4 3 3 2 Denmark
Estonia 31 30 31 35 28 39 44 32 44 35 20 23 21 27 19 34 32 27 33 27 33 29 32 34 33 Estonia
Finland 20 15 16 15 13 47 45 43 35 43 21 16 15 17 16 21 13 16 13 13 5 6 6 5 4 Finland
France 32 31 28 31 32 25 24 30 34 32 52 52 39 48 46 37 40 31 38 43 15 12 12 9 13 France
Germany 12 13 15 17 17 8 7 12 9 5 19 21 19 22 24 15 16 19 26 25 10 9 11 10 11 Germany
Greece 56 57 57 58 49 58 61 61 60 55 59 61 61 60 52 57 57 59 58 51 38 39 40 41 39 Greece
Hong Kong SAR 1 1 2 2 5 5 11 9 10 28 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 21 20 23 22 14 Hong Kong SAR
Hungary 46 52 47 47 47 26 36 39 46 19 54 54 48 45 47 56 60 58 56 59 39 41 39 39 41 Hungary
Iceland 23 20 24 20 21 29 39 57 54 58 17 8 16 15 17 27 24 22 19 15 17 17 17 13 17 Iceland
India 41 45 44 43 43 16 18 21 24 37 47 48 50 46 50 31 29 29 30 32 58 60 56 55 49 India
Indonesia 48 42 43 32 40 37 33 27 25 26 32 30 36 25 31 39 30 35 20 31 57 59 59 53 55 Indonesia
Ireland 7 6 12 7 12 6 4 11 6 12 13 9 13 11 13 2 3 10 3 5 23 19 21 23 23 Ireland
Israel 21 22 21 24 26 31 31 37 40 39 22 24 20 30 27 23 22 18 21 26 14 16 13 18 20 Israel
Italy 35 44 42 44 44 36 38 47 53 42 50 53 53 53 57 35 45 44 42 45 32 33 31 32 30 Italy
Japan 26 26 25 30 34 18 14 15 16 11 37 35 41 38 41 29 35 36 46 55 11 14 15 15 21 Japan
Jordan 53 56 52 57 58 57 62 62 62 62 44 49 43 43 45 40 47 39 35 46 52 57 54 58 58 Jordan
Kazakhstan 47 32 38 34 42 52 54 49 45 48 31 19 25 21 29 44 23 34 29 34 48 43 42 43 51 Kazakhstan
Korea Rep. 29 29 27 28 23 21 22 20 27 27 26 28 29 31 28 48 44 43 34 28 22 24 18 20 16 Korea Rep.
Latvia 37 40 40 40 41 51 53 53 52 53 30 36 33 33 32 43 39 40 43 44 37 35 37 35 37 Latvia
Lithuania 30 33 32 29 31 45 42 36 39 33 24 34 31 29 33 28 33 30 23 24 29 30 29 30 34 Lithuania
Luxembourg 11 8 11 12 15 7 3 4 4 8 12 15 17 10 12 9 6 8 12 17 24 22 24 25 24 Luxembourg
Malaysia 19 24 22 22 27 11 13 8 11 9 18 25 23 24 30 14 19 17 18 29 31 32 33 28 31 Malaysia
Mexico 45 48 51 50 53 23 30 35 28 38 46 51 54 52 55 42 36 48 49 48 53 55 55 57 57 Mexico
Mongolia 60 62 62 62 61 59 60 48 58 59 55 60 57 59 53 58 62 61 61 57 60 62 62 62 62 Mongolia
Netherlands 8 5 4 6 4 9 9 6 13 1 15 12 8 9 11 10 4 6 4 4 7 8 9 8 9 Netherlands
New Zealand 16 16 23 21 22 41 32 33 36 40 4 5 7 8 8 13 20 28 22 30 20 23 25 24 25 New Zealand
Norway 9 11 8 11 7 32 48 40 32 30 6 6 5 7 6 8 7 5 8 8 6 5 4 7 6 Norway
Peru 54 55 54 55 52 50 50 55 41 51 41 43 47 49 40 50 55 51 55 50 59 61 61 61 60 Peru
Philippines 42 41 50 46 45 38 26 50 38 44 36 37 44 41 42 24 28 38 32 33 55 54 60 59 59 Philippines
Poland 33 38 34 38 39 27 27 18 18 29 34 44 40 44 43 32 37 37 36 40 34 34 34 36 35 Poland
Portugal 39 39 33 39 37 48 51 42 43 41 48 40 34 37 34 46 46 33 45 41 28 27 26 29 27 Portugal
Qatar 13 17 14 10 14 2 8 5 3 6 5 11 10 5 7 20 12 13 10 11 41 38 38 40 40 Qatar
Romania 49 50 49 49 51 42 49 34 49 46 43 47 51 51 49 49 52 52 51 54 42 50 49 48 47 Romania
Russia 44 46 45 45 50 49 46 38 31 47 39 46 52 47 48 52 51 54 53 58 36 36 35 37 42 Russia
Saudi Arabia - 36 39 26 24 - 21 23 30 20 - 31 30 18 22 - 38 45 25 19 - 44 44 38 36 Saudi Arabia
Singapore 4 3 3 1 1 4 6 7 5 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 10 11 5 6 8 7 8 6 7 Singapore
Slovak Republic 40 51 55 53 57 44 52 46 42 49 42 55 55 57 60 38 54 60 60 61 40 42 45 44 46 Slovak Republic
Slovenia 43 43 37 37 35 43 47 29 33 36 45 42 42 39 38 53 48 47 40 39 30 31 28 27 29 Slovenia
South Africa 52 53 53 56 59 54 58 59 59 61 40 50 49 50 54 47 41 46 44 56 54 56 57 60 61 South Africa
Spain 34 34 36 36 36 30 35 31 29 31 49 38 38 40 44 41 42 42 39 42 27 26 27 26 26 Spain
Sweden 5 9 9 9 6 17 17 24 21 22 11 14 11 16 14 4 9 4 6 3 4 3 5 4 1 Sweden
Switzerland 2 2 5 4 3 10 15 25 23 18 2 2 2 4 2 3 5 9 9 9 3 1 2 2 3 Switzerland
Taiwan, China 14 14 17 16 11 15 12 14 15 17 9 10 12 12 9 16 15 20 14 12 19 21 22 19 15 Taiwan, China
Thailand 28 27 30 25 29 13 10 10 8 14 23 20 22 20 23 25 25 25 27 23 49 49 48 45 44 Thailand
Turkey 38 47 46 51 46 35 43 52 51 57 38 41 45 55 51 33 43 41 48 36 44 48 50 46 43 Turkey
UAE 15 10 7 5 9 12 5 3 7 4 7 4 4 2 3 11 2 2 1 7 35 37 36 33 28 UAE
Ukraine 59 60 59 54 55 60 55 58 56 54 57 59 59 54 58 60 59 55 50 49 50 53 53 52 54 Ukraine
United Kingdom 18 19 20 23 19 28 29 45 22 24 16 17 18 19 18 18 21 21 31 20 16 15 10 14 12 United Kingdom
USA 3 4 1 3 10 1 1 1 1 2 25 27 26 23 26 7 14 12 11 14 1 2 1 1 5 USA 4
Venezuela 61 63 63 63 63 61 63 63 63 63 60 63 63 63 62 59 61 63 62 60 61 63 63 63 63 Venezuela
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 2020 RANKING
IMD World Competitiveness Ranking 2020: showing strength of The 2020 IMD
World Competitiveness Ranking
small economies Top performers
Singapore was number one for the second year in a row. In second to fifth place, in
order, came: Denmark, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Hong Kong SAR. Economic
performance
Government
efficiency
Business
efficiency
Infrastructure Overall
A marked pattern in this year’s results, which are an amalgam of hard data
taken from 2019 and survey responses from early 2020, is the strength of smaller
3 5 6 7 Singapore 1
economies.
21 4 1 2 Denmark 2
Arturo Bris, Director of the IMD World Competitiveness Center and Professor of
Finance, says, “The benefit of small economies in the current crisis comes from their 18 2 9 3 Switzerland 3
ability to fight a pandemic and from their economic competitiveness. In part these
may be fed by the fact it is easy to find social consensus.”
1 11 4 9 Netherlands 4
The top three’s different recipes for success

28 1 2 14 Hong Kong SAR 5
Factors behind Singapore’s success are its strong economic performance which
stems from robust international trade and investment, employment and labor market 22 14 3 1 Sweden 6
measures.
Stable performances in both its education system and technological infrastructure – 30 6 8 6 Norway 7
telecommunications, internet bandwidth speed and high-tech exports – also play key
roles. 10 10 10 8 Canada 8
Denmark, in 2nd, can credit a strong economy, labor market, and health and
education systems. In addition, the country performs very well in international
4 3 7 28 UAE 9
investment and productivity, and topped Europe in business efficiency.
2 26 14 5 USA 10
Switzerland has been gradually edging towards a podium position, from 5th to
4th and now 3rd in 2020. Robust international trade fuels its strong economic
performance, whilst its scientific infrastructure and health and education systems
show steadfast displays.
17 9 12 15 Taiwan, China 11
The number of small economies – broadly defined as such by their GDP – in 12 13 5 23 Ireland 12
the top ten is striking. However, this is not to say that we are seeing a triumph of
democracies. Singapore, Hong Kong and the UAE remain in the top ten, whilst some
democracies (such as Argentina) sit at the bottom of the scale.
43 16 13 4 Finland 13
This year, new criteria were added to reflect the importance of achieving the UN 6 7 11 40 Qatar 14
Sustainable Development Goals. The criteria provide a perception of where
the economy stands with respect to different sustainable goals that need to be 8 12 17 24 Luxembourg 15
5
satisfied in 10 years, such as education and the environment, inclusion and
empowerment, ageing and health.
Indeed, an important component of the competitiveness study is to align the

criteria employed with the important challenges and concerns of the world
economy.
Setbacks for some
For the second year in a row, the USA failed to fight back having been toppled
from its number one spot last year by Singapore, and coming in at 10th (3rd
in 2019). Trade wars have damaged both China and the USA’s economies,
reversing their positive growth trajectories. China this year dropped to 20th
position from 14th last year.
While Hong Kong SAR came in at 5th, this is a far cry from 2nd which it
enjoyed last year. The decline can be attributed to a decline in its economic
performance, social turmoil in Hong Kong as well as the rub-on effect of the
Chinese economy. However, the 2020 rankings do not pick up on events in
from the last couple of months.
The UAE also falls from 5th to 9th. The Middle East struggled as a region, Shuffles upwards for economies across the globe from Canada to Norway
reflecting the oil crisis.
Norway made this year’s top ten, at 7th, having been 11th last year. This is
partly due to a wider pattern in the region: all the Nordic economies experienced
a noteworthy improvement in business efficiency. In fact, they all made the top
ten in this measure.
The UK climbed from 23rd to 19th, whilst neighbour France (32nd) slightly lost
its 2019 foothold on 31st. One interpretation is that Brexit may have created the
sentiment of a business-friendly environment in the making. The UK ranked 20th
on the business efficiency measure, compared to 31st least year.
Canada moved up to 8th from 13th. This rise is centered around improvements
in measures related to its labor market and in the openness of its society. It led
the North American sub-region.
In Latin America, a distrust of institutions may be reflected by minimal changes.

Chile (38th) remains the highest-ranked country in the sub-region and Venezuela
the lowest.
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Fundamentals of competitiveness
Proposed updated definition
Countries shape the environment in which enterprises create value.

Governments influence competitiveness through legislation and
institutional frameworks. At the same time, contextual elements such
as technological infrastructure can limit competitiveness. Business
efficiency greatly contributes to competitiveness, and economic
Competitiveness analyzes how nations performance also plays a determinant role. While there may be no linear
causality among these elements, they can create a “virtuous cycle” in
and enterprises manage which one factor feeds into – and strengthens – others. The task then
the totality of their competences and resources is to identify an effective outcome of these interactions in order to offer
a more concrete way to measure competitiveness.
to achieve long-term prosperity
We thus propose an updated definition of competitiveness – “the ability of
a country to facilitate an environment in which enterprises can generate
sustainable value” – which meets that need. In applying the definition,
we propose to measure sustainable, or long-term, value creation in
terms of two elements: the long-term profitability of enterprises and
RESOURCES their job-creation levels during the same period.
COMPETENCIES
Economic activity and environmental performance are interconnected.
Education Size, population Long-term profitability requires that the environment suffer as little as
Social cohesion Natural endowments possible from economic activities, otherwise achieving profitability could
Corporate culture Infrastructure be detrimental to competitiveness. Job-creation levels could lead to the
Technology job satisfaction of the workforce if employment conditions are favorable,
Motivation
by providing, for example, access to continuous training. Those levels
Attitudes Goverment efficiency then feed into long-term profitability by increasing performance and
Value systems Financial resources ultimately the quality of life of employees.
etc. etc.
This definition approaches the sustainability of competitiveness through
its outcome: sustainable value creation. Sustainable value creation
is “the capacity of enterprises to remain profitable over time while
minimizing the environmental impact of their activities and providing an
organizational context in which their workforce thrives”.
» Read our articles about competitiveness
7
Hard Data Survey Data
Statistics from international International Panel of Experts
regional and national sources Executive Opinion Survey
163 Criteria 92 Criteria
Compute STD Values

Individually, for all criteria used
in the rankings
255 Criteria
Criteria Rankings Factor Rankings Overall Rankings

Each of the 337 criteria is individually Economic performance, Government Aggregates the STD values for all the
ranked for the countries efficiency, Business efficiency, Infrastructure 255 ranked criteria
8
Competitiveness as it can be measured !
Hard data are drawn from international, national

and regional organizations such as the World Bank,
OECD, UN, ILO, WTO, ITU, UNESCO and our
network of Partner Institutes.
The emphasis on HARD FACTS ensures objectivity

and transparency
Competiveness as it can be perceived !
Survey opinion data are drawn from our annual

executive Opinion Survey, a 118-point questionnaire
sent to top and middle-level executives worldwide.
The results are shown on a scale from 0 – 10, with the

highest value implying a very positive perception, the
lowest value the most negative.
5,866 respondents to our

Executive Opinion Survey
9
As a member of our Panel of Experts you have the
opportunity to purchase any electronic product of the IMD
World Competitiveness Center, with a discount code for
the amount of CHF 400.-
For more information on this please contact the IMD

World Competitiveness Center:
wccinfo@imd.org
The IMD World Competitiveness Newsletter, The Criterion of

the Month, is written by Professor Arturo Bris, Director of the
IMD World Competitiveness Center or Christos Cabolis, Chief
Economist and Head of Operations.
It includes information drawn from the IMD World

Competitiveness Yearbook.
As a respondent to our Executive Opinion Survey you will now

receive this newsletter, but you are able to unsubscribe at any
time.
10
Argentina.........................................12 Lithuania..........................................44
Australia..........................................13 Luxembourg....................................45
Austria.............................................14 Malaysia..........................................46
Belgium...........................................15 Mexico.............................................47
Brazil...............................................16 Mongolia..........................................48
Bulgaria...........................................17 Netherlands.....................................49
Canada............................................18 New Zealand...................................50
Chile................................................19 Norway............................................51
China...............................................20 Peru.................................................52
Colombia.........................................21 Philippines.......................................53
Croatia.............................................22 Poland.............................................54
Cyprus.............................................23 Portugal...........................................55
Czech Republic...............................24 Qatar...............................................56
Denmark..........................................25 Romania..........................................57
Estonia............................................26 Russia.............................................58
Here we provide a one-page summary of the most important Finland.............................................27 Saudi Arabia....................................59
statistics on each country in the IMD World Competitiveness France.............................................28 Singapore........................................60
Yearbook. Each profile also has a link to more information.
Germany..........................................29 Slovak Republic...............................61
Greece.............................................30 Slovenia...........................................62
Hong Kong SAR..............................31 South Africa.....................................63
Hungary...........................................32 Spain...............................................64
Iceland.............................................33 Sweden...........................................65
India.................................................34 Switzerland......................................66
Indonesia.........................................35 Taiwan, China..................................67
Ireland.............................................36 Thailand...........................................68
Israel................................................37 Turkey..............................................69
Italy..................................................38 UAE.................................................70
Japan...............................................39 Ukraine............................................71
Jordan.............................................40 United Kingdom...............................72
Kazakhstan......................................41 USA.................................................73
Korea Republic................................42 Venezuela........................................74
Latvia...............................................43 11
Argentina
Argentina
Key attractiveness indicators Ranks 2020 Basic facts
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Buenos Aires
High educational level Competitiveness 62 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
2,780
48.148
Ranking
Cost competitiveness Population (millions) 44.94
GDP (US$ billions) 449.7
Open and positive attitudes IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 20,284
Effective labor relations

Competitiveness 59 Real GDP growth (%) -2.2
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 53.55
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/AR.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 8.9
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/AR.pdf Labor force (millions) 20.43
IMD World Current account balance (%) -0.77
ORDER OUR PRODUCTS FROM OUR ESHOP Talent 47
Ranking
IMD World Competitiveness Landscape 2020

Australia
Australia
High educational level
IMD World Capital Canberra
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 18 Land area (square km ‘000)
7,741
1.439
Ranking
Effective legal environment Population (millions) 25.36
GDP (US$ billions) 1,386.80
Reliable infrastructure IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 53,701
Policy stability & predictability

Competitiveness 15 Real GDP growth (%) 2.2
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/AU.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 5.2
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/AU.pdf Labor force (millions) 13.68
IMD World Current account balance (%) 0.51
Ranking

Austria
Austria
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Vienna
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 16 Land area (square km ‘000)
84
0.893
Ranking
Policy stability & predictability Population (millions) 8.88
High educational level IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 53,719
Effective legal environment

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/AT.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 4.5
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/AT.pdf Labor force (millions) 4.56
Ranking

Belgium
Belgium
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Brussels
31
0.893
Ranking
Strong R&D culture Population (millions) 11.48
Reliable infrastructure
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/BE.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 5.4
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/BE.pdf Labor force (millions) 5.04
Ranking

Brazil
Brazil
Open and positive attitudes
IMD World Capital Brasilia
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 56 Land area (square km ‘000)
8,516
3.944
Ranking
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 210.15
Cost competitiveness IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 16,562
Business-friendly environment
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/BR.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 11.9
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/BR.pdf Labor force (millions) 106.07
Ranking

Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Sofia
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 48 Land area (square km ‘000)
111
1.747
Ranking
Dynamism of the economy Population (millions) 7
Competitive tax regime IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 24,418

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/BG.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 4.2
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/BG.pdf Labor force (millions) 3.38
Ranking

Canada
Canada
IMD World Capital Ottawa
9,985
1.327
Ranking
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CA.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 5.7
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CA.pdf Labor force (millions) 20.2
Ranking

Chile
Chile
Access to financing
IMD World Capital Santiago de Chile
757
702.897
Ranking
Effective legal environment Population (millions) 19.11
Business-friendly environment IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 25,916

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CL.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 7.15
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CL.pdf Labor force (millions) 9.14
Ranking

China
China
Dynamism of the economy
IMD World Capital Beijing
9,563
6.908
Ranking
Reliable infrastructure Population (millions) 1,400.05

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CN.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.6
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CN.pdf Labor force (millions) 805.25
Ranking

Colombia
Colombia
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Bogota
Effective labor relations Competitiveness 54 Land area (square km ‘000)
1,142
3.281
Ranking
Open and positive attitudes Population (millions) 49.11
Dynamism of the economy IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 16,003
Cost competitiveness
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CO.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 10.5
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CO.pdf Labor force (millions) 25.22
Ranking

Croatia
Croatia
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Zagreb
57
6.623
Ranking
High educational level Population (millions) 4.07
Access to financing
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/HR.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 6.73
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/HR.pdf Labor force (millions) 1.8
Ranking

Cyprus
Cyprus
IMD World Capital Nicosia
Competitive tax regime Competitiveness 30 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $) 0.893
9
Ranking
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 41,930

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CY.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 7.25
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CY.pdf Labor force (millions) 0.45
Ranking

Czech Republic
Czech Republic
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Prague
79
22.932
Ranking
Access to financing
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CZ.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 2
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CZ.pdf Labor force (millions) 5.42
Ranking

Denmark
Denmark
IMD World Capital Copenhagen
43
6.669
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/DK.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 5.1
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/DK.pdf Labor force (millions) 2.93
Ranking

Estonia
Estonia
IMD World Capital Tallinn
Business-friendly environment Competitiveness 28 Land area (square km ‘000)
45
0.893
Ranking
Competitive tax regime Population (millions) 1.33

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/EE.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 4.4
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/EE.pdf Labor force (millions) 0.7
Ranking

Finland
Finland
IMD World Capital Helsinki
338
0.893
Ranking
Reliable infrastructure Population (millions) 5.52
Policy stability & predictability IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 48,139
Strong R&D culture

Competitiveness 10 Real GDP growth (%) 1
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/FI.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 6.69
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/FI.pdf Labor force (millions) 2.75
Ranking

France
France
IMD World Capital Paris
549
0.893
Ranking
Effective legal environment IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 45,714
Strong R&D culture

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/FR.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 8.4
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/FR.pdf Labor force (millions) 29.68
Ranking

Germany
Germany
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Berlin
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 17 Land area (square km ‘000)
358
0.893
Ranking
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/DE.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.15
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/DE.pdf Labor force (millions) 43.77
Ranking

Greece
Greece
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Athens
132
0.893
Ranking
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/GR.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 17.31
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/GR.pdf Labor force (millions) 4.73
Ranking

Hong Kong SAR
Hong Kong SAR

Competitive tax regime
IMD World Capital Hong Kong
Effective legal environment Competitiveness 5 Land area (square km ‘000)
1
Ranking
Business-friendly environment Population (millions) 7.51
GDP (US$ billions) 366
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/HK.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 2.9
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/HK.pdf Labor force (millions) 3.97
Ranking

Hungary
Hungary
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Budapest
Competitive tax regime Competitiveness 47 Land area (square km ‘000)
93
290.66
Ranking
Dynamism of the economy Population (millions) 9.77
Effective labor relations IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 34,359
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/HU.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.5
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/HU.pdf Labor force (millions) 4.59
Ranking

Iceland
Iceland
IMD World Capital Reykjavik
103
122.607
Ranking
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/IS.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.5
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/IS.pdf Labor force (millions) 0.21
Ranking

India
India
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital New Delhi
3,287
70.42
Ranking
Dynamism of the economy Population (millions) 1,369.00

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/IN.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 6.37
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/IN.pdf Labor force (millions) 583.79
Ranking

Indonesia
Indonesia
IMD World Capital Jakarta
1,917
14.148
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/ID.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 5.01
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/ID.pdf Labor force (millions) 133.95
Ranking

Ireland
Ireland
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Dublin
70
0.893
Ranking
Competitive tax regime IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 84,917

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/IE.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 5
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/IE.pdf Labor force (millions) 2.47
Ranking

Israel
Israel
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Jerusalem
Strong R&D culture Competitiveness 26 Land area (square km ‘000)
22
3.565
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/IL.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.8
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/IL.pdf Labor force (millions) 4.12
Ranking

Italy
Italy
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Rome
301
0.893
Ranking
Strong R&D culture IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 40,670
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/IT.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 9.95
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/IT.pdf Labor force (millions) 25.94
Ranking

Japan
Japan
IMD World Capital Tokyo
378
0.109
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/JP.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 2.4
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/JP.pdf Labor force (millions) 68.86
Ranking

Jordan
Jordan
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Amman
89
0.71
Ranking
Access to financing IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 9,121

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/JO.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 19.1
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/JO.pdf Labor force (millions) 1.7
Ranking

Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
IMD World Capital Astana
2,725
382.747
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/KZ.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 4.8
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/KZ.pdf Labor force (millions) 9.22
Ranking

Korea Republic
Korea Republic
IMD World Capital Seoul
100
1.165
Ranking
Strong R&D culture

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/KR.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.8
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/KR.pdf Labor force (millions) 28.19
Ranking

Latvia
Latvia
IMD World Capital Riga
65
0.893
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/LV.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 6.5
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/LV.pdf Labor force (millions) 0.97
Ranking

Lithuania
Lithuania
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Vilnius
65
0.893
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/LT.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 6.3
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/LT.pdf Labor force (millions) 1.47
Ranking

Luxembourg
Luxembourg
IMD World Capital Luxembourg
3
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/LU.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 5.6
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/LU.pdf Labor force (millions) 0.49
Ranking

Malaysia
Malaysia
IMD World Capital Kuala Lumpur
330
4.142
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/MY.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.3
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/MY.pdf Labor force (millions) 15.58
Ranking

Mexico
Mexico
IMD World Capital Mexico City
1,964
19.264
Ranking
Effective labor relations Population (millions) 126.37
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/MX.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.37
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/MX.pdf Labor force (millions) 57.63
Ranking

Mongolia
Mongolia
IMD World Capital Ulaanbaatar
1,564
2,663.54
Ranking
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/MN.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 10
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/MN.pdf Labor force (millions) 1.27
Ranking

Netherlands
Netherlands
IMD World Capital Amsterdam
42
0.893
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/NL.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.4
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/NL.pdf Labor force (millions) 9.3
Ranking

New Zealand
New Zealand
IMD World Capital Wellington
Open and positive attitudes Competitiveness 22 Land area (square km ‘000)
268
1.518
Ranking
Skilled workforce
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/NZ.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 4.08
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/NZ.pdf Labor force (millions) 2.75
Ranking

Norway
Norway
IMD World Capital Oslo
625
8.8
Ranking
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/NO.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.7
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/NO.pdf Labor force (millions) 2.82
Ranking

Peru
Peru
IMD World Capital Lima
Access to financing Competitiveness 52 Land area (square km ‘000)
1,285
3.337
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/PE.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 6.7
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/PE.pdf Labor force (millions) 17.46
Ranking

Philippines
Philippines
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Manila
300
51.796
Ranking
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/PH.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 5.06
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/PH.pdf Labor force (millions) 44.69
Ranking

Poland
Poland
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Warsaw
313
3.839
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/PL.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.3
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/PL.pdf Labor force (millions) 17.02
Ranking

Portugal
Portugal
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Lisbon
92
0.893
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/PT.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 6.5
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/PT.pdf Labor force (millions) 5.25
Ranking

Qatar
Qatar
IMD World Capital Doha
11
3.64
Ranking
Competency of government Population (millions) 2.8
Access to financing
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.55
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/QA.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 0.1
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/QA.pdf Labor force (millions) 2.11
Ranking

Romania
Romania
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Bucharest
238
4.238
Ranking
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/RO.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.8
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/RO.pdf Labor force (millions) 9.12
Ranking

Russia
Russia
IMD World Capital Moscow
17,098
64.738
Ranking
Effective labor relations IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 29,912

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/RU.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 4.6
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/RU.pdf Labor force (millions) 75.4
Ranking

Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
IMD World Capital Riyad
2,150
3.75
Ranking
Competency of government
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/SA.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 5.53
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/SA.pdf Labor force (millions) 14.5
Ranking

Singapore
Singapore
IMD World Capital Singapore
Business-friendly environment Competitiveness 1 Land area (square km ‘000)
1
Ranking
Competency of government Population (millions) 5.7
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/SG.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 2.3
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/SG.pdf Labor force (millions) 3.74
Ranking

Slovak Republic
Slovak Republic
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Bratislava
Effective legal environment Competitiveness 57 Land area (square km ‘000)
49
0.893
Ranking
Competitive tax regime Population (millions) 5.45

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/SK.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 5.9
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/SK.pdf Labor force (millions) 2.74
Ranking

Slovenia
Slovenia
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Ljubljana
20
0.893
Ranking
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/SI.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 4.45
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/SI.pdf Labor force (millions) 1.03
Ranking

South Africa
South Africa
IMD World Capital Pretoria
Quality of corporate governance Competitiveness 59 Land area (square km ‘000)
1,219
14.448
Ranking
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/ZA.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 29.1
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/ZA.pdf Labor force (millions) 23.15
Ranking

Spain
Spain
IMD World Capital Madrid
506
0.893
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/ES.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 14.1
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/ES.pdf Labor force (millions) 23.03
IMD World Current account balance (%) 2
Ranking

Sweden
Sweden
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Stockholm
447
9.458
Ranking
Strong R&D culture

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/SE.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 6.77
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/SE.pdf Labor force (millions) 5.51
Ranking

Switzerland
Switzerland
IMD World Capital Bern
41
0.994
Ranking
Strong R&D culture

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CH.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 4.39
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/CH.pdf Labor force (millions) 4.92
Ranking

Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Taipei
Quality of corporate governance Competitiveness 11 Land area (square km ‘000)
36
30.927
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/TW.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.73
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/TW.pdf Labor force (millions) 11.95
Ranking

Thailand
Thailand
IMD World Capital Bangkok
513
31.048
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/TH.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 0.99
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/TH.pdf Labor force (millions) 38.18
Ranking

Turkey
Turkey
IMD World Capital Ankara
785
5.674
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/TR.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 13.73
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/TR.pdf Labor force (millions) 32.55
Ranking

UAE
UAE
IMD World Capital Abu Dhabi
71
3.673
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/AE.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 2.19
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/AE.pdf Labor force (millions) 7.55
Ranking

Ukraine
Ukraine
Skilled workforce
IMD World Capital Kiev
604
25.846
Ranking

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/UA.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 8.2
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/UA.pdf Labor force (millions) 18.16
Ranking

United Kingdom
United Kingdom
IMD World Capital London
244
0.783
Ranking
Access to financing
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/GB.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.74
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/GB.pdf Labor force (millions) 33.96
Ranking

USA
USA
IMD World Capital Washington, D.C.
Access to financing Competitiveness 10 Land area (square km ‘000)
9,832
1
Ranking
Strong R&D culture

www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/US.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 3.67
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/US.pdf Labor force (millions) 163.54
Ranking

Venezuela
Venezuela
IMD World Capital Caracas
Effective labor relations Competitiveness 63 Land area (square km ‘000)
912
45,336.10
Ranking
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 19,906.02
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/VE.pdf Unemployment rate (%) 6.9
www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/wco/pdfs/countries-landing-page/VE.pdf Labor force (millions) 16.03
Ranking

Executive Summary 2020

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IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS

We continue serving our mission, that is, to understand

The results present a familiar pattern in the factors that

Competitiveness scoreboard (ranks 1 - 30)

100.000 (1) Singapore 1 73.595 (29) Lithuania 31

99.496 (8) Denmark 2 71.688 (31) France 32

98.373 (4) Switzerland 3 71.245 (33) Czech Republic 33

98.352 (6) Netherlands 4 69.854 (30) Japan 34

97.061 (2) Hong Kong SAR 5 68.623 (37) Slovenia 35

95.866 (9) Sweden 6 68.232 (36) Spain 36

94.602 (11) Norway 7 68.217 (39) Portugal 37

93.506 (13) Canada 8 67.084 (42) Chile 38

93.505 (5) UAE 9 66.967 (38) Poland 39

92.358 (3) USA 10 66.751 (32) Indonesia 40

91.267 (16) Taiwan, China 11 65.356 (40) Latvia 41

90.732 (7) Ireland 12 64.660 (34) Kazakhstan 42

88.630 (15) Finland 13 62.095 (43) India 43

87.864 (10) Qatar 14 61.971 (44) Italy 44

87.702 (12) Luxembourg 15 60.424 (46) Philippines 45

86.269 (19) Austria 16 59.997 (51) Turkey 46

85.881 (17) Germany 17 59.952 (47) Hungary 47

85.031 (18) Australia 18 59.426 (48) Bulgaria 48

84.355 (23) United Kingdom 19 57.872 (58) Greece 49

82.038 (14) China 20 56.465 (45) Russia 50

81.462 (20) Iceland 21 55.559 (49) Romania 51

80.266 (21) New Zealand 22 54.874 (55) Peru 52

79.221 (28) Korea Rep. 23 54.797 (50) Mexico 53

78.190 (26) Saudi Arabia 24 52.152 (52) Colombia 54

77.783 (27) Belgium 25 51.867 (54) Ukraine 55

77.708 (24) Israel 26 49.631 (59) Brazil 56

76.395 (22) Malaysia 27 49.541 (53) Slovak Republic 57

76.230 (35) Estonia 28 48.815 (57) Jordan 58

75.387 (25) Thailand 29 45.163 (56) South Africa 59

75.352 (41) Cyprus 30 43.896 (60) Croatia 60

43.409 (62) Mongolia 61

38.063 (61) Argentina 62

The top three’s different recipes for success

Indeed, an important component of the competitiveness study is to align the

Setbacks for some

In Latin America, a distrust of institutions may be reflected by minimal changes.

Countries shape the environment in which enterprises create value.

» Read our articles about competitiveness

163 Criteria 92 Criteria

Compute STD Values

Criteria Rankings Factor Rankings Overall Rankings

Hard data are drawn from international, national

The emphasis on HARD FACTS ensures objectivity

Competiveness as it can be perceived !

Survey opinion data are drawn from our annual

The results are shown on a scale from 0 – 10, with the

5,866 respondents to our

For more information on this please contact the IMD

The IMD World Competitiveness Newsletter, The Criterion of

It includes information drawn from the IMD World

As a respondent to our Executive Opinion Survey you will now

Effective labor relations

IMD World Competitiveness Landscape 2020

Policy stability & predictability

IMD World Competitiveness Landscape 2020

Effective legal environment

IMD World Competitiveness Landscape 2020

IMD World Competitiveness Landscape 2020