Est Report

A
MICROPROJECT REPORT
ON
“Zero energy building”
SUBMITTED
BY
Roll No Name of Group Members

25 Rutuja Limkar
14 Sejal Thorat
61 Ashutosh Salave
Under Guidance of -
Ms. P. N. Shinde
Diploma Course in Computer Technology

(As per directives of I Scheme, MSBTE)
Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s
SOU.VENUTAI CHAVAN POLYTECHNIC,
PUNE - 411041
ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021

Maharashtra State
Board of technical Education
Certificate
This is to certify that Ms. Rutuja Ravikiran Limkar with Roll
No. 25 of Fifth Semester of Diploma in Computer Technology
of Institute Sou. Venutai Chavan Polyechnic (Code : 0040) has
successfully completed the Micro-Project in Environmental
Studies (22447) for the academic year 2020-2021.
Place: SVCP, Pune Enrollment No:1900400257

Date: Exam Seat No:
Ms. P. N. Shinde Mrs. A V Kurkute Dr. (Mrs) M S Jadhav

Subject Teacher Head of Principal
Department
Maharashtra State
Certificate
This is to certify that Ms. Sejal Ganesh Thorat with Roll No. 14
of Fifth Semester of Diploma in Computer Technology of
Institute Sou. Venutai Chavan Polyechnic (Code : 0040) has

Date: Exam Seat No:
Ms. P N Shinde Mrs. A V Kurkute Dr. (Mrs) M S Jadhav

Department
Maharashtra State
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. Ashutosh Salave with Roll No. 61 of
Fifth Semester of Diploma in Computer Technology of Institute
Sou. Venutai Chavan Polyechnic (Code : 0040) has

Date: Exam Seat No:
Ms. P. N. Shinde Mrs. A V Kurkute Dr. (Mrs) M S Jadhav

Department
INDEX
SR NO CONTENTS PAGE NO
1 Rationale 3
2 Aim of the Micro-Project 4
3 Course Outcomes Addressed 4
4 Literature Review 4
5 Actual Methodology Followed 7
6 Output of microproject 7
7 Actual Resources Used 19
8 Skills Developed 19
9 Applications of Micro Project 20

Zero Energy Building
Annexure - I
Part A-Micro-Project Proposal
“Zero Energy Building”
1.0 Aim of the Micro-Project –

The aim of microproject is -
a) To know the necessity of Zero Energy Building in today’s world.

b) To understand the concept of Zero Energy Building.
c) To study the various applications of Zero Energy Building.
d) To compare Zero Energy Building with Green building.
e) To find out the advantages and disadvantages of Zero Energy Building.
2.0 Intended Course Outcomes –

a) Develop public awareness about environment.
b) Select alternative energy resources for Engineering practice.
d) Apply technique to reduce Environmental Pollution.
3.0 Proposed methodology -
Step I :- Searched and Selected the topic for micro project.
Step II:- Discussed about the microproject.
Step II :- Distributed the work accordingly.
Step III :- Collected and gathered the required data.
Step IV :- Process information in one document.
Step V :- Consulted with our subject teacher.
Department of Computer Technology academic year 2020-21 1

4.0 Action Plan
Name of responsible
Sr. Details of Activity Planned Planned Finish
Team members
No Start Date Date
Study the basics of Zero energy Rutuja Limkar

1 02/09/2020 08/09/2020
building Sejal Thorat
Study the resources required for Rutuja Limkar

2 09/09/2020 15/09/2020
the Project Sejal Thorat
Study the history of Zero Rutuja Limkar

3 16/09/2020 22/09/2020
buildings Sejal Thorat
Study the use of Zero buildings in Rutuja Limkar

23/09/2020 30/09/2020
4 Environmental studies. Sejal Thorat
Study the application of Zero Rutuja Limkar

5 03/10/2020 09/10/2020
energy building in real-life system Sejal Thorat
Rutuja Limkar
Analyze the report and make
6 06/12/2020 12/12/2020 Sejal Thorat
changes if required
Ashutosh Salave
Rutuja Limkar
7 Prepare the final report. 14/11/2020 21/12/2020 Sejal Thorat
Ashutosh Salave
5.0 Resources Required -

Sr. No. Resources required Specifications
1 Computer system Processor i7 RAM-8GB
2 Operating System Windows 10
3 Web browser Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox
Team Members
Roll No. Name
25 Rutuja Limkar
14 Sejal Thorat
61 Ashutosh Salave

Annexure – II
Micro-Project Report
“Zero Energy Building”
6.0 Rationale –
The concept of Zero Energy building (ZEB) has gained wide international attention
during last few years and is now seen as the future target for the design of buildings. The
world today is facing the biggest challenge of survival. Degradation of ecosystem, depletion
of natural resources, increasing levels of pollution pose major threat to the survival of
mankind. The need of hour, therefore, is to concentrate on the area of environmental Studies
are an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical, chemical and biological
sciences, with the study of environment. It provides an integrated, quantitative and
interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental system & gives an insight into
solution of environmental problems
A zero-energy building (ZE), also known as a zero net energy (ZNE) building, net-
zero energy building (NZEB), net zero building is a building with zero net energy
consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis
is equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site,[1][2] or in other definitions
by renewable energy sources offsite, using technology such as heat pumps, high efficiency
windows and insulation, and solar panels.[3] The goal is that these buildings contribute less
overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere during operations than similar non-ZNE
buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases,
but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by
the same amount. Zero-energy buildings are not only driven by a want to have less of an
impact on the environment, but they are also driven by money.

7.0 Aim of the Micro-Project –

The aim of microproject is -
a) To know the necessity of Zero Energy Building in today’s world.

b) To understand the concept of Zero Energy Building.
c) To study the various applications of Zero Energy Building.
d) To compare Zero Energy Building with Conventional Building.
e) To find out the advantages and disadvantages of Zero Energy Building.
8.0 Course Outcomes Achieved –

a) Develop public awareness about environment.
b) Select alternative energy resources for Engineering practice.
d) Apply technique to reduce Environmental Pollution.
9.0 Literature Review –
Total Energy Consumption diagram
As the "zero energy" and "net zero energy" concepts are relatively new, there are not yet
definitive, widely accepted zero-energy metrics.
Typical code-compliant buildings consume 40% of the total fossil fuel energy in the US and
European Union and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases. To combat such high

energy usage, more and more buildings are starting to implement the carbon neutrality
principle, which is viewed as a means to reduce carbon emissions and reduce dependence
on fossil fuels. Although zero-energy buildings remain limited, even in developed countries,
they are gaining importance and popularity.
Most zero-energy buildings use the electrical grid for energy storage but some are
independent of the grid and some include energy storage onsite. The buildings are called
"energy-plus buildings" or in some cases "low energy houses." These buildings produce
energy onsite using renewable technology like solar and wind, while reducing the overall use
of energy with highly efficient lightning and heating, ventilation and air conditioning
(HVAC) technologies. The zero-energy goal is becoming more practical as the costs of
alternative energy technologies decrease and the costs of traditional fossil fuels increase.
The development of modern zero-energy buildings became possible largely through the
progress made in new energy and construction technologies and techniques. These include
highly insulating spray-foam insulation, high-efficiency solar panels, high-efficiency heat
pumps and highly insulating, low emissivity, triple-glazed windows.[7][8] These innovations
have also been significantly improved by academic research, which collects precise energy
performance data on traditional and experimental buildings and provides performance
parameters for advanced computer models to predict the efficacy of engineering designs.
Zero-energy buildings can be part of a smart grid. Some advantages of these buildings are as
follows:
• Integration of renewable energy resources

• Integration of plug-in electric vehicles – called vehicle-to-grid
• Implementation of zero-energy concepts
Although the net zero concept is applicable to a wide range of resources, water and waste,
energy is usually the first resource to be targeted because:
• Energy, particularly electricity and heating fuel like natural gas or heating oil, is
expensive. Hence reducing energy use can save the building owner money. In contrast,
water and waste are inexpensive for the individual building owner.
• Energy, particularly electricity and heating fuel, has a high carbon footprint. Hence
reducing energy use is a major way to reduce the building's carbon footprint.

• There are well-established means to significantly reduce the energy use and carbon
footprint of buildings. These include: adding insulation, using heat pumps instead of
furnaces, using low emissivity, double or triple glazed windows and adding solar panels
to the roof.
• In some countries, there are government-sponsored subsidies and tax breaks for installing
heat pumps, solar panels, triple-glazed windows and insulation that greatly reduce the
cost of getting to a net-zero energy building for the building owner.
Definition-
• Net Zero Site Energy

• Net Zero Source Energy
• Net Zero Energy Costs
• Net Zero Energy Emissions
• Net off-site zero energy use
• Off-the-grid
• Zero Net Energy Buildings
Net Zero Site Energy: In this type of ZNE, the amount of energy provided by on-
site renewable energy sources is equal to the amount of energy used by the building. In
the United States, “zero net energy building” generally refers to this type of building.
Net Zero Source Energy: A source ZEB produces at least as much energy as it uses in
year, when accounted for at the source. Source energy refers to the primary energy used
to generate and deliver the energy to the site. To calculate a building’s total source
energy, imported and exported energy is multiplied by the appropriate site-to-source
conversion multipliers.
Net Zero Energy Costs: In a cost ZEB, the amount of money the utility pays the building
owner for the energy the building exports to the grid is at least equal to the amount the
owner pays the utility for the energy services and energy used over the year.
Net Zero Energy Emissions: A net-zero emissions building produces at least as much
emissions-free renewable energy as it uses from emissions-producing energy sources.

Net off-site zero energy use: A building may be considered a ZEB if 100% of the energy
it purchases comes from renewable energy sources, even if the energy is generated off the
site.
Off-the-grid: Off-the-grid buildings are stand-alone ZEBs that are not connected to an off-
site energy utility facility. They require distributed renewable energy generation and
energy storage capability (for when the sun is not shining, wind is not blowing, etc.). An
energy autarkic house is a building concept where the balance of the own energy
consumption and production can be made on an hourly or even smaller basis. Energy
autarkic houses can be taken off-the-grid.
Zero Net Energy Buildings : are buildings that over a year are neutral, meaning that
they liver as much energy to the supply grids as they use from the grids. Seen in these
terms they do not need any fossil fuel for heating, cooling, lighting or other energy uses
although they sometimes draw energy from the grid.
10.0 Actual Methodology Followed-

1. We focused on the materials we needed, as well as the instructions and sorted it out
in a manner which will expedite different responsibilities of the team members.
2. Gathered information about Zero energy building.
3. Study various designs steps and renewable energy.
4. Prepared a report.
5. Checked for any further changes to be done in the project.
6. Created the final report of the project.
11.0 Output of microproject-

11.1 Design Steps-
Although no exact approach as been developed for the target of zero balance during the
design phase of ZEB, there are still some consensus and several common design
elements for designing ZEB. A thorough design approach was proposed which involves
12 steps containing four foundational procedures, that is, applied metrics (e.g., primary
energy, the cost), passive design (e.g., building envelope, orientation), active design
(e.g., HVAC, lighting), and renewable energy system design (e.g., photovoltaic panel,
wind turbine) for the design of ZEB, as shown in below Figure 10.1.1. Theoretically,

design optimization of ZEB should be conducted considering the three vital design
steps, that is, steps 7, 8, and 9, simultaneously to obtain a comprehensive combined
design option for ZEB. Therefore, design optimization for ZEB is usually solved by
integration of two or more software.
Fig. The main steps to designing nZEB.
Passive design is an important procedure to reduce the building energy demand as much
as possible. Then, high-efficiency active energy systems such as heating, cooling, and
ventilation systems and lighting systems should be applied and improved together with
high-performance control strategies; these could further reduce operational energy
consumption in the building. Lastly, the feasibility of renewable energy technology
should be assessed and selected as an on-site power supply system which works together
with the power grid to reach the target of zero energy demand.
Various software tools have been developed to facilitate the selection of passive design,
active design, and RES for buildings; several popular software are listed and compared

in 1 and 2. In ZEB design, the building energy demand can be firstly evaluated by using
building energy simulation software such as EnergyPlus or TRNSYS. The selection of
suitable renewable energy system for the building can then be conducted in software such
as HOMER and TRNSYS. The design optimization software, HOMER, is developed by
the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to assist in design optimization
of hybrid energy systems for both grid-connected and autonomous building based on net
present cost. However, HOMER can only address a single-objective function for
minimizing the net present cost, and it cannot solve multi-objective problems.
Table 1- Comparison of building energy consumption software.
Table 2- Comparison of renewable energy simulation software
Passive solar building design: Walls, floor and windows distribute heat during winter

and reject the solar heat during summer.
Building energy simulation: Predicts the performance of ZNE building depending on

the energy usage before it is built.
Energy saving feature: Includes heating and cooling loads, insulation and ventilation
depending on climate zones.
Fig.- Basic Construction of Zero Energy building
11.2 Effective steps towards NZEB-
• The site
• The basic of design
• Size and shape matter
• Design to use the sun
• Design with the continuous air barrier windows and door
• Other design considerations

The site-
Should be able to use the advantage of renewable source of energy.
The basic of design-
a) Exterior sheating material should does not have any gaps.
b) joints are mechanically tightened. use glue, caulking, spray foam depending on the
size and location of the leaks.
c) seal electric boxes and plumbing penetration after all electrical and plumbing work is
complete.
Size and shape matter-
a) limiting the size.
b) the wall floor and ceiling system using advanced framing techniques.
c) should be in the most cost effective manner.
Design to use the sun-
a) should be designed to use the sin's energy as much as possible.
b) use tubular day lighting devices (TDDs) use modern technology to transmit visible
light through opaque walls and roofs.
Day lighting device-
a) Tubular day lighting devices(TDDs) use modern technology to transmit visible light
through opaque walls and roofs.
b) admits the daylight into interior space and distribute the available light energy evenly.
Fig - Day lighting device

Design continuous with air barrier-
install a highly efficient energy recovery ventilation (ERV) or heat recovery ventilation
(HRV) system to provide fresh filtered air.
windows and doors-
a) The orientation of door and windows must take climates, wind, sun and shade into
account .
b) Use insulated fibre glass doors with tight air seals.
c) south-facing windows in particular direct more solar energy into the house.
Minimizing thermal bridging-
a) double walls with offset studs and with separate top and bottom plates will greatly
reduce thermal bridging in the walls, as will a thick layer of exterior foam on the
studs.
b) fewer exterior wall offsets will also reduce the potential for thermal bridging.
11.3 Renewable sources of energy used in NZEB-
• Solar cells
• Wind Turbines
• Solar Thermal Collector linked to seasonal Thermal Energy storage
• Solar thermal collector- collects by absorbing sunlight.
• Seasonal thermal energy storage(STES)- storage of heat or cold up to several

months.

Solar Energy
a) Solar panels placed on the rooftop absorbing as much of the energy from the sunlight.
b) The energy can be used for cooking, heating, etc
Fig.- Solar energy
Wind Energy
a) In some extreme areas where wind energy is abundant and high, small windmills
can also be used to generate electricity for running small equipment.
Fig - Wind energy
Thermal Energy
a) It is used to maintain the ambient temperature of the building.
b) It can also be used for heating, cooling, etc.

Fig - Thermal Energy
Net Zero energy building connected to grid
a) Building connected to power grid can be termed as ”Net Zero” if there energy
consumption is equal to their energy production over a year.
Fig - Net zero energy building connected to grid
11.3.1 Renewable energy supply option-
• on-site renewable energy-
a) such as solar and wind power, is a way to supply some of the power.
b) many major companies, educational institutes, and governmental facilities now use
some type of on-site renewable energy to provide power to their facilities.

• off-site renewable energy-
a) If space is limited, a facility owner may install dedicated wind turbine, solar
collector, etc. at a separate location.
b) most often, however, credit for off-site renewable generation is gained by

purchasing renewable energy credits(rRECs).
11.4 Performance evaluation criteria-
It is important to determine the evaluation criteria at the design stage. Various criteria
have been proposed from a different perspective of users, which can be classified into
four aspects covering technical and environmental issues, economic factors, and the
interaction between building and grid, as shown in Figure 10.2.1.
Fig- The main four factors for evaluating ZEB performance.
In terms of technological factors, recent researches have been focused on feasibility

and/or reliability study of different technologies (passive design, active design, RES)
for ZEB.
Feasibility: Available technologies should be assessed to identify the possibility for

the building to achieve zero energy building for a particular region.
Reliability: The criterion estimates the ability of the selected combined technologies

for the building to perform its required function for a specified time. In terms of
economic factors, ZEB users are more concerned about the economic value, especially
the cost and its payback period of installing on-site RES.
Economic value [life cycle analysis (LCA), net present cost (NPC)]: The proposed
renewable energy alternative will be assessed using one of the engineering economic
techniques which are net present cost (NPC), life cycle analysis (LCA), benefit/cost
analysis, and payback period.
In terms of environmental factors, the reduction of building load will definitely reduce
the energy required from the grid and on-site RES size, which can be measured as
pollutant emission.
Pollutant emission: The criterion measures the equivalent emission of CO2, air
emissions which are the results of applying different technologies in ZEB for a
particular period.
In terms of grid interaction factors, the two-way electricity flow between building and
grid poses more than technological challenges; those ZEB homeowners may make
heavier use of the grid than the conventional building under one-way power flow. Grid
interaction index is one of the indicators used to assess the grid stress caused by ZEB.
Grid interaction index (GII): The criterion is defined as the standard deviation of the
building-grid interaction over the specified time (e.g., 1 year). It is used to estimate the
average stress of building on the grid, and a low standard deviation is preferred
11.5 Where can ‘Zero Energy’ concept be adapted?

a) Residential areas
b) Commercial buildings
c) Industries
d) New construction and existing building

11.6 Zero energy building VS Green building

• Green Building is a building process depending on the environment and efficient
resources available.
• Green Building reduces negative impact on the environment.
• Zero Energy Building reduces more energy usage and greenhouse gases emission.
• Zero Energy building may not be considered GREEN in all areas.
11.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of ZEB-

Advantages-
a) Reduce the energy consumption.
b) Reduce Green House Gases(carbon Emissions) & Global warming.
c) Reduce Dependence on Fossil Fuels.
d) Reduce Ozone Depletion.
e) Reduce climate change.
f) Protects our environment for future Generation.
Disadvantages-
a) Initial costs can be higher.
b) Very few designers or builders have the necessary skill or experience to build Zero
Net Energy Buildings.
c) Solar energy capture using house envelops only work in location unobstructed from
south.
d) Value of photovoltaic solar cell equipment technology price has been falling at
roughly17% per year. It may lessen the value of capital invested in solar electric
system.

ZEB
Z in India-
Fig 1- Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, New Delhi
• It’s India’s first net zero energy building that has been constructed with adoption of
solar passive design and energy-effective building material.
• It is one of the first building in India to have deployed energy efficiency and renewable
energy technologies at a large scale.
Fig 2- Malanakara Plantation Limited, Kottayam
• The heritage building complex has become the first office complex in the country to
be a net zero energy building.
• All the energy requirements of the office complex, which include 18tonnes are
generated from a solar power plant of 25KW capacity.
• The charge controller were additionally equipped for temperature compensation to

facilitate proper charging of the battery bank, thus resulting in longer battery life.

Cost Analysis-
Annual Consumption for residential buildings
Green house gas

Consumption Total amount
Type of Appliances emission
(Year) (Rs)
(tones)
Kitchen Appliance 3990 19,950 0.52
Living Room 2980 14,900 0.38
Laundry Room 1890 9450 0.24
Bed Room 1780 8900 0.23
Bath Room 1380 6900 0.17
TOTAL BENEFIT 12,020 60,100 1.54
12.0 Actual Resources Used –

Sr. No. Resources required Specifications
1 Computer system Processor i7 RAM-8GB
2 Operating System Windows 10
3 Web browser Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox
13.0 Skills Developed -

a) After working on the allotted microproject topic, I gained various skills like
working in team, making coordination between team members.
b) This project also made me increase my observational skills.
c) The information collected about the Zero Energy Building helped me
in understanding the importance of such structures for the betterment of
the environment.
d) Such project work increases our knowledge other from the regular course work.

14.0 Applications of this Micro-project -

a) Zero Energy Buildings contribute to the greater benefits of the society, e.g.
providing sustainable renewable energy to the grid, reducing the need of grid
expansion.
b) ZEB help in reducing the building's carbon footprint.
c) Zero-energy building help in increasing the building efficiency.
d) It helps in reducing the cost of living of the owner.

e) Eco-friendly buildings can be achieved.
Reference –
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_building
• https://www.slideshare.net/hamzaaaaaah/net-zero-energy-
building
• https://www.slideshare.net/ganeshsharma58/ppt-on-zero-
energy-building

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A

Roll No Name of Group Members

Diploma Course in Computer Technology

Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s

SOU.VENUTAI CHAVAN POLYTECHNIC,

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021

Place: SVCP, Pune Enrollment No:1900400257

Ms. P. N. Shinde Mrs. A V Kurkute Dr. (Mrs) M S Jadhav

Place: SVCP, Pune Enrollment No:1900400250

Ms. P N Shinde Mrs. A V Kurkute Dr. (Mrs) M S Jadhav

Place: SVCP, Pune Enrollment No:1410820112

Ms. P. N. Shinde Mrs. A V Kurkute Dr. (Mrs) M S Jadhav

2 Aim of the Micro-Project 4

3 Course Outcomes Addressed 4

5 Actual Methodology Followed 7

7 Actual Resources Used 19

9 Applications of Micro Project 20

Part A-Micro-Project Proposal

“Zero Energy Building”

1.0 Aim of the Micro-Project –

a) To know the necessity of Zero Energy Building in today’s world.

2.0 Intended Course Outcomes –

3.0 Proposed methodology -

Step I :- Searched and Selected the topic for micro project.

Step II:- Discussed about the microproject.

Step II :- Distributed the work accordingly.

Step III :- Collected and gathered the required data.

Step IV :- Process information in one document.

Step V :- Consulted with our subject teacher.

Department of Computer Technology academic year 2020-21 1

4.0 Action Plan

Study the basics of Zero energy Rutuja Limkar

Study the resources required for Rutuja Limkar

Study the history of Zero Rutuja Limkar

Study the use of Zero buildings in Rutuja Limkar

Study the application of Zero Rutuja Limkar

5.0 Resources Required -

Department of Computer Technology academic year 2020-21 2

Department of Computer Technology academic year 2020-21 3

7.0 Aim of the Micro-Project –

a) To know the necessity of Zero Energy Building in today’s world.

8.0 Course Outcomes Achieved –

9.0 Literature Review –

Total Energy Consumption diagram

Department of Computer Technology academic year 2020-21 4

• Integration of renewable energy resources

Department of Computer Technology academic year 2020-21 5

• Net Zero Site Energy

Department of Computer Technology academic year 2020-21 6

10.0 Actual Methodology Followed-

11.0 Output of microproject-

Department of Computer Technology academic year 2020-21 7

Fig. The main steps to designing nZEB.

Department of Computer Technology academic year 2020-21 8

Table 1- Comparison of building energy consumption software.

Table 2- Comparison of renewable energy simulation software

Department of Computer Technology academic year 2020-21 9

and reject the solar heat during summer.

Building energy simulation: Predicts the performance of ZNE building depending on

Fig.- Basic Construction of Zero Energy building

11.2 Effective steps towards NZEB-

• The basic of design

• Size and shape matter