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CloudByte ECP Study Guide
CloudByte ECP Study Guide
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Copyright 2015 CloudByte Inc.. All rights reserved.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The software described in
this document is furnished under a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement. The soft-
ware may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of those agreements. No part of
this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording for any purpose
other than the purchaser's personal use without the written permission of CloudByte Inc..
CloudByte Inc.
Cupertino, CA 95014
USA
1-(408)-604-9401
engage@cloudbyte.com
www.cloudbyte.com
CONTENTS
Intended audience 7
Knowledge prerequisites 7
CHAPTER II Introduction 12
Licensing policy 16
Installation 17
Installation options 18
Installing ElastiCenter HA 27
Authentication 38
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CloudByte ElastiStor Certified Professional Study Guide
Creating a Site 44
Creating an HA Group 44
Adding a Node 46
Creating a Pool 52
Creating an Account 55
Provisioning a VSM 56
Provisioning storage 68
5
Monitoring 114
QoS tips 130
SAS multipathing 159
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CHAPTER I About the Guide
In this chapter
l Who this guide is for
l What’s desirable before you start
Intended audience
This guide is designed to be a study resource for ElastiStor Certified Professionals. It is a step-by-step training manual to learn and
start using CloudByte ElastiStor.
However,
l If you are already an ElastiStor user, we recommend you to follow the CloudByte ElastiStor Installation and Administration
Guide.
l If you are searching for information on CloudByte and its product line, follow the resources available on the CloudByte Web-
site.
The activities provided at the end of each chapter may be considered as Miriam’s assignments in WhollyCloud.
Knowledge prerequisites
You can perform almost all the tasks, while working with CloudByte ElastiStor, using the simple and intuitive management console
CloudByte ElastiCenter. So if you are conversant with the storage concepts, working with ElastiStor is a cakewalk.
As far as the technology is concerned, CloudByte expects the users to have prior knowledge in the following areas of technology:
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CloudByte ElastiStor Certified Professional Study Guide
Don't worry if you are not familiar with any of the areas mentioned here. Use the following links to familiarize yourself with the tech-
nologies or reaffirm your knowledge.
Section Resource
DAS l http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-attached_storage
l http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/direct-attached-storage
l http://www.dellstorage.com/data-consolidation/storage-architecture/direct-attached-storage.aspx
NAS l http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network-attached_storage
l http://compnetworking.about.com/od/itinformationtechnology/l/aa070101a.htm
l http://www.techopedia.com/definition/26197/network-attached-storage-nas
l http://www.thinkmate.com/storage/reference/what-is-nas
SAN l http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_area_network
l http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_unit_number
l http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/essentialguide/LUN-storage-Working-with-a-SANs-logical-unit-num-
bers
l http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/logical-unit-number
RAID l http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID
l http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels
l http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RAID.html
RAID Card l http://www.netdevgroup.com/support/documentation/NETLAB_Remote_PC_Guide_Vol_2b_Dell_
R720.pdf
l http://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Link_Aggregation_and_LACP_basics
VLAN l http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_LAN
l http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/virtual-LAN
l http://www.techopedia.com/definition/4804/virtual-local-area-network-vlan
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CHAPTER I About the Guide
Section Resource
SAN Boot l http://support.microsoft.com/kb/305547
l http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--afdH7kIfk
l http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/pdfs/sg247958.pdf
SAS Switch l http://www.lsi.com/products/pages/lsi-sas-6160-switch.aspx
l http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAS_%28software%29
Multipathing l http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipath_I/O
l http://pubs.vmware.com/vsphere-51/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.vmware.vsphere.storage.doc%2FGUID-
DD2FFAA7-796E-414C-84CE-1FCC14474D5B.html
l http://www.restapitutorial.com/
l http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2217758/what-is-a-rest-api
The time you need to learn CloudByte ElastiStor depends on your background and expertise in the storage domain. The fol-
lowing table provides the approximate number of days you might require to master CloudByte ElastiStor.
The product is designed to be simple. Also, the management console CloudByte ElastiCenter is very intuitive. So learning
CloudByte ElastiStor is neither painstaking nor time-consuming.
Expertise Days
Since CloudByte wants to include all catagories of trainees, the courseware is designed as a five day long training program.
Only entry level trainees need adhere to the schedule.
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Courseware
Schedule Course Description
l Features
l Licensing policy
l ElastiCenter UI orientation
l Setting up Storage
l Virtual infrastructure
l Connecting to ElastiStor
l Management
l Global Settings
l Monitoring
l Reporting
Chapter 8
Backup, Disaster Recovery, and High Availability
l HA
l Backup and DR
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CHAPTER I About the Guide
Chapter 9
Advanced settings and Implementation
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CHAPTER II Introduction
CHAPTER II Introduction
Agenda
l Introduction to the product and the features
l How to install ElastiStor
Installable on a wide range of industry-standard servers, ElastiStor frees enterprises and service providers from vendor lock-ins.
ElastiStor lets you custom-build storage infrastructure based on your requirements, with support for SATA, SAS, and SSD hardware
as well as NFS, CIFS, and iSCSI protocols.
Share your storage and deliver predictable performance to every application. For the first time ever, ElastiStor allows storage end-
points to be defined beyond capacity, in terms of IOPS, throughput and latency. This allows applications with diverse workloads to
be guaranteed QoS from a shared storage platform. Together with linear scaling, a single extensible shared storage platform from
ElastiStor can now replace legacy solutions’ dedicated storage silos. By fully sharing storage and optimally utilizing resources,
ElastiStor steeply cuts down your storage footprint, leading to 80-90% cost savings over 3-5 years.
Do you still manually configure hardware to provision performance for any new application? Break the need for hardwiring storage
with ElastiStor’s on-demand provisioning. Just enter the required SLA/QoS parameters and let ElastiStor automate node selection
and resource allocation for you. ElastiStor includes an intelligent heuristics daemon which continuously learns the quantity of vari-
ous controller resources needed to deliver the required QoS.
ElastiStor makes managing storage as easy as managing VMs, even as you scale to hundreds of applications. Storage admins can
now comprehensively manage the entire storage cluster, spanning across multiple sites, from a single web-based console. Further,
ElastiStor gives you unprecedented access and control over resource usage within shared storage, right down to the application-
level granularity.
Every action performed at ElastiStor admin console translates into a REST based API call in the backend. Using these REST APIs,
admins can comprehensively provision and manage ElastiStor volumes from VMware vCenter, Citrix XenCenter, OpenStack Hori-
zon, or any other admin portal. Our plugin for VMware vCenter allows admins to create and manage QoS-aware VMs right from
vCenter console.
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ElastiStor enables N-way High Availability, exponentially increasing reliability (mean time to failure), compared to the standard 2-
way HA provided by existing solutions. CloudByte’s storage un-fragmentation and its patented TSM architecture make N-way HA
affordable and feasible.
Delegated Administration
A much requested feature from the cloud service providers, delegated administration empowers both CSPs and its customers to
monitor and control storage volumes. Management privileges vary based on the admin functionality – for example, a super admin can
manage the entire storage cluster, where as a customer admin can manage just the storage resources allotted to that particular cus-
tomer.
References
l CloudByte ElastiStor
l ElastiStor resources
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CHAPTER II Introduction
Each CloudByte ElastiStor Node can be scaled to 1 PB of raw storage capacity. You can linearly increase capacity and per-
formance by adding additional ElastiStor Nodes.
Can I use ElastiStor to improve the performance of storage solutions such as EMC Symmetrix or Hitachi Unified
Storage?
Like other storage systems, CloudByte ElastiStor is an independent storage system with distinct architecture.
ElastiStor does not improve performance but shares the performance between competing applications granularly in a desired
way. However, CloudByte recommends you to use raw disk for storage media rather than storage from other vendors.
How many flavors and versions of CloudByte ElastiStor are available in the market?
CloudByte ElastiStor 1.0 was the pioneering release of the product. The ongoing release is CloudByte ElastiStor 1.4.x.
Yes. The plug-ins for VMWare vCenter, Apache CloudStack, and OpenStack Cinder are available off-the-shelf.
Current version of CloudByte ElastiStor does not have built in support for iPV6.
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ElastiStor supports both NAS and SAN protocols. It is intended for use wherever applications need storage in the form of NAS and
SAN. Also, it is apt to use ElastiStor if the environment is shared in the form of server virtualization and applications that run on the
VMs compete for storage resources.
ElastiStor is a new class of storage, built ground up, to meet the requirements of shared environments such as public or private
Cloud. Multi-tenancy and secure isolation between tenants are part of the architecture and not just add-on features.
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CHAPTER II Introduction
Licensing policy
You need to install a license file to use CloudByte ElastiStor.
When you install the community edition of ElastiStor, license file is already
uploaded to ElastiCenter. You can use the product till you exceed the Storage
limit of 25TB. Perpetual licenses can be used
without additional charge and without
expiration and includes 90 days of war-
The license file has relevant details that implement license to use various fea- ranty support.
tures that you have purchased. CloudByte provides license file in the format
L4J. Subscription licenses are typically
billed on a monthly basis.
Should you have further questions, please contact either your Reseller or the Capacity-based pricing is based on
CloudByte worldwide sales department at engage@cloudbyte.com. the total storage allocated to ElastiSt-
or/actual data managed by ElastiStor
Support terms vary based on the pri-
cing model selected.
I want to evaluate CloudByte ElastiStor. How will the trial license be enforced?
When you install a the Community Edition of CloudByte ElastiStor, the free perpetual license file is, by default, uploaded.
You need not do any licensing tasks.
In the License page, click View History. The details of the license are listed.
Can I get support from CloudByte for the Community Edition of the product?
For Community Edition, support is limited to basic setup. Contact CloudByte technical support at support@cloudbyte.com.
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CHAPTER III Installing CloudByte ElastiStor
n Installing ElastiCenter: Install the administrative infrastructure used to manage the Nodes.
n Installing Nodes: A Node is the storage infrastructure that is managed by ElastiCenter. You can install only one Node per
machine. An HA Group can have up to four Nodes.
The following topics explain the system requirements for installing CloudByte ElastiStor.
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Option Description
Root Password The password assigned to the root account. When you are in single-user mode, the system lets you log in
using this password.
Net Mask The standard IPv4 subnet mask, for example 255.255.255.0.
DNS The standard IPv4 address of the DNS server, for example 8.8.8.8.
Installation options
The installation wizard provides the following installation options.
n Only ElastiCenter: Installs only ElastiCenter, which is the central administrative console to manage your Nodes. Choose if
you prefer to install Node later. For procedures, see Installing CloudByte ElastiCenter.
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CHAPTER III Installing CloudByte ElastiStor
n Only Node: Installs only the Node, which is managed using ElastiCenter. Choose if you prefer to install ElastiCenter later.
For procedures, see Installing Node.
n Both ElastiCenter and Node: Installs both ElastiCenter and Node. This installation is not recommended for production
deployments. For procedures, see Installing both ElastiCenter and Node.
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1. Insert the CloudByte ElastiStor installation disk into your computer's DVD or CD drive and boot up your Node (ensure that
the disk drive is set as your system's primary boot device). The installation starts up and the following screen with the boot
options appear:
By default, the boot option Boot CloudByte ElastiStor is selected. So you need not interfere. To select a different boot option,
see "Boot options".
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CHAPTER III Installing CloudByte ElastiStor
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3. Select Both ElastiCenter and Node option. For details, see "Installation options"
Note: If you want to install ElastiCenter HA, follow the procedures in "Installing ElastiCenter HA", else select Standalone
ElastiCenter.
4. (If you have multiple disks) At prompt, select the disk where you want to install CloudByte ElastiStor.
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CHAPTER III Installing CloudByte ElastiStor
5. (If you have multiple Ethernet Interfaces) At prompt, select the Ethernet Interface and click OK.
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CloudByte ElastiStor Certified Professional Study Guide
8. Select Continue to confirm the settings so that the installation can start up. To modify any of the values, select Back. Install-
ation starts and the wizard shows the progsress.
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CHAPTER III Installing CloudByte ElastiStor
10. Confirm the country and then confirm the time zone.
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After installing the packages, CloudByte ElastiStor reboots (indicated by the following screen).
Wait till the system automatically reboots. The following screen welcomes you after the reboot:
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CHAPTER III Installing CloudByte ElastiStor
The following screen with a login prompt indicates that installation is successful. You can proceed to configure CloudByte
ElastiStor.
Installing ElastiCenter HA
1. Follow the procedures in the section "Installing ElastiCenter" till step 3.
2. Select ElastiCenter HA.
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l Select Secondary ElastiCenter and then in the following screen, specify the primary ElastiCenter IP address.
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4. Click OK.
5. Follow the procedures from step 4 in the section "Installing ElastiCenter" and complete the ElastiCenter installation process.
l Installing ElastiCenter
l Installing Node
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1. In the ElastiCenter server, at command prompt, run the following command: pgrep mysql.
If you do not get the MySql process ID, run the following command to bring up the database service: service
mysql-server onerestart
2. In the ElastiCenter server, at command prompt, run the following: pgrep java.
If you don't get the Java process ID, run the following command to bring up the Java service: service cbdevman
onerestart
Can you explain the memory requirements for installing CloudByte ElastiStor?
The following table provides the details. The values are same for installing both Node and ElastiCenter. Also, the same val-
ues apply if you install both Node and ElastiCenter on the same machine:
RAM 1 GB 8 GB or higher
Hard Disk 20 GB (2.4 X RAM size + 32 GB) or higher. For example, if the RAM is 8 GB, for better performance, 52 GB
or higher is recommended
If you do not comply with the recommended hard disk memory, you might encounter a message that prompts correction (for
better performance). However, if you meet the minimum memory requirements, even if you ignore the message, installation
will be successful.
I get the message 'Installation cannot proceed as no NIC is present'. What will I do?
You encounter this issue because the NIC that you use is not supported. For a list of supported NICs and other hardware,
see the Hardware Compatibility List .
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CHAPTER III Installing CloudByte ElastiStor
I get the message 'Installation cannot proceed as no disk is present'. What will I do?
This is because the internal RAID/SAS card in the server is not supported. For a list of supported disks and other hardware,
see the Hardware Compatibility List .
Why am I not able to access the system after the first reboot post installation?
n ElastiStor has correctly rebooted. This is indicated by the root login prompt when the installation concludes.
n Network port connectivity
n Network details are correctly added
Yes
You can upgrade based on the option that you have selected in the existing installation. That is, if you have opted to install
both Node and ElastiCenter, then you have the option to upgrade both.
Installation may or may not be successful, but the product is unlikely to function.
When you reconnect, installation proceeds from the point where it stopped. But if you reboot the machine, then you have to
start the installation from the beginning.
What happens if the network connection is lost and system boots after installing?
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Yes. If you meet the minimum hardware requirements, the installation is not device dependent.
Yes. CloudByte recommends that you have a minimum RAM of 8 GB on your VM.
Yes.
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CHAPTER IV ElastiCenter | Setting up Storage
In this chapter
l Understanding ElastiCenter, user-interface orientation, and how to access
l Understanding ElastiStor storage and setting up
The administrator has to In CloudByte ElastiStor, using ElastiCenter, the administrators can perform
actions remotely from the management portal. The administrator can, from the
1. Manually recover the file from the DR storage same browser session,
system
1. Log in to the primary site.
2. Manually transfer to the primary site
2. Identify the storage file system that needs to be recovered.
3. Merge with the primary site.
3. Browse for the corresponding backup copies on the remote DR site.
The following illustration shows the workflow to setup a storage environment using CloudByte ElastiCenter:
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Navigation pane
The navigation pane in the left-hand side of ElastiCenter provides a list of options.
When you select an option, you are taken to a specific component page. Use the component pages to perform various configuration
and management tasks.
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Note:The options displayed in the navigation pane depend on the administrative privileges you have. If you are a super admin-
istrator, you have all the options. For further details, see"Managing | Monitoring | Reporting".
Content pane
The content pane displays the component pages that provide options and data to configure CloudByte ElastiStor. For example, if
you select Sites in the navigation pane, the Sites page appears.
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Summary pane
Summary pane sums up the number of storage components, such as Sites or Pools, in the storage infrastructure.
Actions pane
Action pane, in the right-hand side of the content pane, provides a list of configuration options. For example, in the HA Groups page,
go the Actions pane and add Node.
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CHAPTER IV ElastiCenter | Setting up Storage
Notification menu
The information menu in the top right-hand side of ElastiCenter lets you access Alerts, Events, Reports, and Administrator data.
You also have the option to go back to the Home page.
Admin options
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See Also:CloudByte ElastiStor API Reference, "Licensing" on page 1, and "Delegated administration" on page 1
Note:Ensure that you have updated Adobe Flash Player to the most recent version.
To access ElastiCenter,
Note:The IP Address you specify is the one that you configured in the installation screen. See Installing CloudByte
ElastiCenter for details.
Authentication
You need credentials (username and password) to log in to CloudByte ElastiCenter.
1. After installation is completed, launch ElastiCenter using the URL in the following format: https://IP Address.
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CHAPTER IV ElastiCenter | Setting up Storage
Credentials Value
Username admin
Password password
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1. Login to ElastiCenter using the default credentials (admin|password). The following screen appears:
The following illustration shows how your infrastructure and account are organized in CloudByte ElastiStor:
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Site
Building your storage infrastructure starts with the creation of a Site, the fundamental infrastructure unit where your Node and stor-
age and network infrastructure reside.
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Accounts
After you set up the storage infrastructure, build the account infrastructure. That is, you set up the client/customer for using your stor-
age infrastructure.
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Creating a Site
Use the Sites page (ElastiCenter > Sites) to create a Site.
The Sites page provides a graphical representation of the Sites that you have created. It provides the Site details such as HA
Groups, Pools, Provisioned Storage, and VSMs that you have set up.
Click any of the Site details link for specific review and configuration. For example, click HA Groups to access details of the HA
Groups associated with the Site.
To create a Site
1. In the Sites page, click Add Site in the actions pane.
Field Description
3. Click Add.
Creating an HA Group
Use the HA Groups page (ElastiCenter > HA Groups) to create an HA Group.
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Creation of HA Groups leads to the formation of High availability Clusters. For details, see "High Availability | Backup | Recovery"
Field Description
IP Address Range Provide a range of dedicated IP addresses in the management network. For instance, ensure
that you do not specify the IP address used for Node, ElastiCenter, VSM, or client. Provide the
first and last IP address in the range, for example 1.1.1.100 and 1.1.1.104. The IP addresses
you specify are used to check the heartbeat between nodes.
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5. In the following page, click edit and then change the details.
6. Click Save.
Adding a Node
1. In the ElastiCenter navigation pane, click Nodes.
2. In the actions pane, Click Add Node.
Field Description
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CHAPTER IV ElastiCenter | Setting up Storage
Follow the procedures to delete a Node from an HA Group with more than one Node:
When there is no Disk Array attached to the Node, the following page appears. Ensure that you attach a Disk Array to the Node and
then click Refresh Hardware.
Note: When you attach a new Disk Array to a Node, click Refresh Storage/Refresh Hardware to make the Disk Array visible
on the ElastiCenter.
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1. In the Node page, click the image in the section Shared Storage.
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CHAPTER IV ElastiCenter | Setting up Storage
2. Click Configure A New Disk Array. The Disk Array Configuration page appears:
3. Specify the Name, Bay Alignment, Number of columns and Number of Rows. For details, see "Configuring Disk Array
enclosure"
4. Click Next and then do the following:
l Click the option under the column Blink. For details, see "SCSI Enclosure Service "
l Specify the bay location for the disks from the drop down list under the column Bay.
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5. Click Apply. On successful configuration, the Node page appears with a representation of the shared storage:
Note:You can also partially configure a Disk Array Enclosure. Suppose you have 12 disks, you can initially configure around
8 disks and other 4 disks can be configured as per the requirement.
Configuration details
Horizontal and vertical alignments
The Disk Arrays can be idealized either in terms of horizontal or vertical alignments.
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Slots per row is the number of disks each row can accommodate. For example, three slots per row implies that a single row can
accommodate three disks.
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Blink identification
Blink identification LED on the disk slot of a disk array. When you click Blink, at the physical location of the disks, the identification
LED in the specified disk slot blinks. If the disk is not in the SCSI enclosure, the LED blink does not occur.
If the disk is in the SCSI enclosure and still if the blink does not occur, verify the health of the disk.
CloudByte ElastiStor provides common and specific alerts for the enclosure components such as disk slots, power supplies,
voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, fans, and audible alarm.
The common alerts which apply to all components include the ones related to
Specific alerts are generated for the following enclosure components: power supply, voltage sensor, current sensor, and tem-
perature sensor.
By default, CloudByte sends alerts over mail to the email you specified when you updated your profile the first time you logged in to
CloudByte ElastiCenter. To expand the mailing list, add the IDs separated by comma in the Global settings (Information Pane >
Admin > Global Settings > alert.email.addresses).
Creating a Pool
1. Go to the Node page (ElastiCenter > Nodes).
2. From the list of Nodes, select the one for which you create the storage Pool.
3. In the actions pane, go to the section Tasks and then click Add Pool.
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4. Select the Site, HA Group, and CB Node to which the Pool belongs.
5. Specify a name for the Pool and then click Next.
6. In the following screen, specify the RAID storage type and then choose one or more of the available disks.
7. (Optional) Enable Sector Size.
Note: For optimal performance, ensure that the disks in the same Pool belong to the same disk array.
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Field Description
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CHAPTER IV ElastiCenter | Setting up Storage
Total IOPS The maximum per second I/O limit for a Pool.
Average The desired average latency in milliseconds per I/O. Latency is the round-trip time per I/O request-response as measured
Latency by the client.
Note:The number of disks required to create a Pool depends on the RAID type and protection/performance you look for. For
example, for a high performance application, you can create RAID 10 Pool. Similarly, for a high capacity application, you can
set up RAID z1 with 8 disks.
Configuring Spare
1. Go to the Pools page (Navigation pane > Pools).
2. In the Actions pane, click Manage RAID Configuration. The Disk Group page appears.
3. In the Actions pane, select Add Spare.
4. In the Add Spare page, select a disk from the drop-down list.
5. Click Add.
Migrating a Pool
You cannot migrate a pool. Only a VSM can be migrated.
Creating an Account
Use the Account page (ElastiCenter > Accounts) to create an Account.
Field Description
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Assign Admin Select the type of administrator that you want to create. When you select an administrator type, the
username and password fields appear. For details, see s
3. Click Add Account. The Account is created. The wizard prompts you to continue and provision VSM.
4. Click Provision VSM to continue.
Provisioning a VSM
Use either the Create Account wizard or Virtual Storage Machines page (ElastiCenter > Virtual Storage Machines) to provision
VSM.
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Field Description
Total IOPS The maximum per second I/O limit for the VSM.
Total When you specify the Total IOPS, CloudByte calculates the Total Throughput and is automatically added. You cannot edit
Through- this field.
put
3. Click Next and then specify the provisioning details by selecting a Pool from the list.
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4. Click Next.
5. Select the network interface details. For details, see "Advanced settings | Implementation ".
6. Specify the tenant IP address and default gateway.
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7. Click Provision.
Multipathing
Multipathing is the ability to configure a server with multiple paths to the storage for take over on network failure. CloudByte
ElastiStor supports multipathing for iSCSI. When network failure occurs, redundant network takes over and ensures that the iSCSI
LUN is available.
Note: SATA disks or any disk with SATA interface is not supported for HA and multipathing configuration.
The details of the supported Maximum Multiple Connections (MCS) per LUN are as follows:
To enable multipathing,
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Field Description
6. If partial failover of Pool is enabled (which is enabled by default), click yes at the prompt to disable it.
Note: In the example, you can increase the value up to 100 (which means, the entire IOPS is consumed).
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4. Click the Edit icon and then modify the editable fields.
5. Click Apply.
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5. Click Save.
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Note: The quota of the Storage Volume cannot exceed the VSM size.
Note:When you migrate a VSM across Nodes, ensure that the Node to which the migrating VSM belongs to is not down.
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Field Description
IOPS The IOPS of the primary VSM is populated by default. You can modify the
value to provision IOPS required for migration.
Throughput The throughput of the primary VSM is populated by default. You cannot
modify this value as it is depends on the values of IOPS and Block SIze.
4. Click Next.
5. Select the Pool to migrate VSM and then click Next.
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6. Select the Backup interface, IP Address, and schedule of migration (in the format minutes/hours/days/month/year).
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Note:After activation, this backup IP address will not be active and therefore need to be removed at the Pool level.
2. In the Settings page, click Edit and then select an interface from the drop-down list.
3. Click Save.
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4. Click the VSM, the Migrant VSM, and then click Activate.
After the VSM migration is active, the re-mount prompt appears. Ensure that you re-mount the Storage Volumes before you proceed.
Provisioning storage
l Before you provision a Storage Volume, you must create a VSM.
l The maximum supported size of the Storage Volume depends on the available capacity of VSM.
l There is no limit to the number of Storage Volumes that you can create. But the composite capacity of the created Storage
Volumes must be less than or equal to the capacity of the VSM they belong to. For example, if the total capacity of the VSM
is 1 TB, then you can create a Storage Volume with the capacity of 1 TB or multiple storage volumes where the total capacity
of all volumes is less than or equal to 1 TB.
l You can enable both compression and deduplication on the same Storage Volume.
l File system storage (NFS and CIFS) works together on the same Storage Volume, but block level storage (iSCSI) does not.
l You can back up Storage Volume by creating snapshots and then rolling back when required.
Note: By default, ElastiStor Storage Volume is thin provisioned. You can expand the Storage Volume up to the size of the
Pool, provided the Pool has available storage.
Use the Storage Volumes page (ElastiCenter > Storage Volumes) to provision storage.
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Field Description
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Provision Shared or Dedicated. For details, see the section Difference between Shared and Dedicated in "Frequently Asked
Mode Questions".
Average Desired average latency in milliseconds per I/O. Latency is the round trip time per I/O request-response.
Latency
Control IOPS Select the required IOPS using the slider. Qos can be enforced either throughonly IOPS or only Throughput.
Control Select the required throughput using the slider. Qos can be enforced either throughonly IOPS or only Throughput.
Throughput
4. Click Next and then select the VSM on which you want to provision the Storage Volume.
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Field Description
Mount Point (Applies only for NFS and CIFS) Specify the Storage Volume mount point for the client to use the storage.
Enable NFS Select to access the Storage Volume using NFS protocol.
Enable CIFS Select to access the Storage Volume using CIFS protocol.
Enable iSCSI Select to access the Storage Volume using iSCSI protocol.
7. Click Provision.
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To provision storage,
Auto-Provisioning
Auto-provisioning is particularly helpful when you have innumerable Pools/TSMs. CloudByte ElastiStor chooses the appropriate
Pool/TSM for provisioning automatically.
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No
No
Yes, they can significantly impact. Compression and deduplication are CPU and memory intensive processes.
Depends on the disk from which the Pool is created. For example, SSDs are of lower latency when compared to SATA.
Can I have Storage Volumes with same names under different accounts?
Yes
Yes
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If you need high performance, mirroring is recommended. For larger SATA drives (for example 4TB), CloudByte recommends
RAIDz2.
Can I create a mixed disk pool, for example with SATA and SSD disks?
Yes. But CloudByte does not recommend this because you get only the performance of the lowest disk; in this case SATA.
Depends on the workload. For instance, in a WRITE intense scenario, a higher ZIL improves your WRITE performance.
Depends on the workload. For instance, in a READ intense scenario, a higher L2ARC improves READ performance.
L2ARC and log device are intended to improve the READ and WRITE respectively. Therefore, high performance SSD stor-
age is recommended for an L2ARC or ZIL
A large RAIDz Group with high performance data disks and one or two parity disks are ideal.
Parameter Description
p Parity: p=1 for RAID-Z1, p=2 for RAID-Z2 and p=3 for RAID-Z3 where RAID-Z1 = 3, 5, 9, 17, …, RAID-Z2 = 4, 6,
10, 18, …, RAID-Z3 = 5, 7, 11, 19, …
Almost similar but RAIDZ1 uses the features of ZFS. Also it eliminates the WRITE HOLE problem in RAID 5.
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Almost similar but RAIDZ2 uses the features of ZFS. Also, it eliminates the WRITE HOLE problem in RAID 5.
RAID triple parity tolerates failure of three disks in a RAID group. Use it when you handle critical data and want to evade
chances of disk failure.
Do you recommend NFS/CIFS/ISCSI setup on the same Pool or should I have the access protocols set up on dif-
ferent Pools?
Disk plays a role in deriving IOPS, but is also based on RAM and L2ARC.
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l iSCSI
l CIFS
l NFS
When you create a Storage Volume, you are provided with an option to select the access protocols that you want to enable.
The following sections help you configure data access protocols supported by CloudByte ElastiStor.
iSCSI concepts
Authentication Group: A grouping of multiple iSCSI users.
Use this option if you use CHAP or mutual CHAP. You can configure Authentication group at both VSM and Storage Volume levels.
CHAP: An authentication method which uses a user/secret or IQNs for outgoing authentication. The Storage Volumes on
CloudByte ElastiStor authenticate the initiator.
Mutual CHAP: A super set of CHAP which uses peer user/peer secret for outgoing/incoming authentication between Storage
Volumes and initiator.
It is a combination of multiple IQNs. By default, CloudByte ElastiStor creates two initiator groups (all where everyone can initiate the
LUN and none where no one can). After you create the Storage Volume, when you manage the iSCSI options, you are prompted to
choose an initiator group. You can either select the default one or the ones that you create. You configure initiator group in the Stor-
age Volume.
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n Account
n VSM
n Storage Volume
The following figure illustrates the work flow for configuring the iSCSI protocol options:
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In the Add Authentication Group dialog box, specify the following details:
Field Description
CHAP Username Username for CHAP authentication. For uniqueness, specify the initiator IQN name as username.
CHAP Secret Password for CHAP authentication in alpha-numeric format. The password must have 12 to 16 characters.
Mutual CHAP User- Username for mutual CHAP authentication. For uniqueness, specify the initiator IQN name as username. The
name value must be same as that of the CHAP user.
Mutual CHAP Secret Password for mutual CHAP authentication (should be different from CHAP secret). The password must have
12 to 16 characters.
Initiator Groups
In the Add Intiator Group dialog box, specify the following details:
Field Description
Authorized Networks List of allowed networks followed by subnet mask in the format 10.0.0.0/8, sep-
arated by comma.
This is the set of iSCSI options specific to a VSM. By default, CloudByte ElastiStor creates a default VSM iSCSI options group
defaultwhich contains industry standard options.
After you create the VSM, when you manage the iSCSI options, you are prompted to choose the VSM iSCSI options group. You can
either select the default one or the ones that you create.
Field Description
Timeout Sets the limit on how long an I/O can be outstanding before an error occurs. Values range from 0 to 300. The default
value is 30.
NOPIN Interval The frequency of sending a NOP-IN packet in seconds. The values range from 0 to 300. The default value is 20.
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MAX R2T Specify a value between 1 and 255. The default value is 32.
Max Sessions Specify a value between 1 and 64. The default value is 8.
Max Con- Specify a value between 1 and 64. The default value is 16.
nections
First Burst Maximum data in bytes that an iSCSI initiator may send to the target during the execution of a single iSCSI command
Length unsolicited. Values range from 1 to 2^32 with a default of 65,536.
Max Burst Maximum WRITE size in bytes the target is willing to receive between R2Ts. Values range from 1-2^32. The default
Length value is 262,144.
Max Receive In bytes. Values range from 1 to 2^32. The default value is 262,144.
Data Segment
length
Max Out- Maximum number of ready to receive packets (R2Ts) the target can have as outstanding. This is for a single iSCSI
standing R2T command,where larger values should yield performance increases until MaxOutstandingR2T exceeds the size of the
largest Write I/O divided by MaxBurstLength. Values range from 1 to 255. The default value is 16.
Default time to Minimum time in seconds to wait before attempting a logout or an active task reassignment after an unexpected con-
wait nection termination/reset. Values range from 1 to 300. The default value is 2.
Default time to Maximum time in seconds after Time2Wait before which an active task reassignment is still possible after an unex-
retain pected connection termination/reset. Values range from 1 to 300. The default value is 60.
This is the set of iSCSI options specific to a Storage Volume. By default, CloudByte ElastiStor creates a default Volume iSCSI
options group default which contains industry standard options. After you create the VSM, when you manage the iSCSI options,
you are prompted to choose the Volume iSCSI options group. You can either select the default one or the ones that you create.
Field Description
Queue Depth Pending I/O requests for the Volume. The values range from 0-255. 0 implies that the status disabled. The default
value is 32.
Configuration scenarios
The following scenarios explain iSCSI configuration in detail:
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Scenario 1: Assigning the same iSCSI initiator groups to two Storage Volumes under a VSM
iSCSI initiator groups can be configured for only Storage Volumes based on initiator groups in the account. For example, Storage
Volumes under the VSM can have different iSCSI initiator groups.
Scenario 2: Assigning different authentication groups to multiple Storage Volumes under a VSM
You can have different authentication groups for VSMs and Storage Volumes.
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Data access to the iSCSI Storage Volume can be restricted to either a single machine or to multiple machines in a Subnet.
Field Description
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Allowed Intiator List of IQNs, separated by comma for restricting the access to iSCSI Storage Volume from multiple machines
in a Subnet.
Authorized Net- List of allowed networks, followed by subnet mask in the format 10.0.0.0/8, separated by comma.
works
6. Click OK.
7. In the Storage Volumes page, select the Storage Volume to which you want to assign the initiator.
8. Select Manage iSCSI Configuration (Actions pane > Tasks).
9. Click Edit, enter the required details, and then save the changes.
10. In the Confirmation dialog box, click Modify.
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Field Description
CHAP Username Username for CHAP authentication. For uniqueness, specify the initiator IQN name as username. CHAP is
an authentication method which uses a user/secret or IQNs for outgoing authentication. The Storage
Volumes on CloudByte ElastiStor authenticate the initiator.
CHAP Secret Password for CHAP authentication in alpha-numeric format.The password must have 12 to 16 characters.
Mutual CHAP Username for mutual CHAP authentication. For uniqueness, specify the initiator IQN name as username.
Username The value must be same as that of the CHAP user. Mutual CHAP is a super set of CHAP which uses peer
user/peer secret for outgoing/incoming authentication between Storage Volumes and initiator.
Mutual CHAP Password for mutual CHAP authentication (should be different from CHAP secret).
Secret
6. In the Storage Volumes page, select the Storage Volume for which you want to assign the authentication group.
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8. Click Edit, enter the required details, and then click Save. In the following screen, you have selected CHAP as the authen-
tication method.
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The procedures are same as in the section Restricting access to iSCSI Storage Volume by managing Authentication Groupsexcept
that, instead of Storage Volume, you have to select VSM from step 7 onward.
MPIO provides an alternate data path between storage devices and Windows operating system. MPIO is protocol-independent and
can be used with Internet SCSI (iSCSI) and Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) interfaces.
Note: The following documentation is for Windows Server 2008. The procedures are similar for other versions of Windows
Server. However, there might be minor variations owing to the differences in UI strings and navigation.
1. On Windows Server, select Multipath I/O and then click Install (Server Manager Console > Add Features Wizard).
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4. Click Add.
After reboot, a new device called "MSFT2005IBusType 0x9" (or similar ID) appears in the MPIO Properties.
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Procedures
1. In the VSMs page, click Provision VSM and then complete the procedures to create a VSM.
2. Select the provisioned VSM and then in the VSM page select Advanced Settings.
3. In the Advanced Settings page, click Edit.
4. In the following screen, provide the required details and then click Save.
Field Description
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2. Select a target that uses MPIO and then click Log On (iSCSI Initiator Properties page > Target).
1. Select the option Automatically restore this connection when the computer starts.
2. Select the option Enable multi-path.
3. Click Advanced.
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2. In the Advanced Settings page, check the following and then click OK.
l Microsoft iSCSI inititator
l Second Subnet of the Initiator Computer
l Second Subnet of the DiskStation (both the IP addresses of the Initiator and the Target are within the same Subnet)
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6. Select a load balance policy and then click OK. The following screenshot shows Round Robin with Subset as the Load bal-
ance policy.
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Configure VSM CIFS options at the VSM level. File system CIFS options can be configured at the Storage Volume level (if you have
enabled the protocol option).
After you create the VSM, Manage CIFS Configuration option can be used to manage CIFS options at VSM level. You can either
select the default one or select options from the drop down menu.
Field Description
NetBios Name A unique name for the VSM CIFS options template.
DOS Charset The character set that is used while communicating with the Windows clients. The default is CP437
UNIX Charset The character set that is internally used. The default is UTF-8.
Log Level Sets the amount of log/debug messages that are sent to the log file. Default is Minimum. Keep it this
way for best performance unless more information is needed for troubleshooting.
Time Server Determines whether or not ElastiStor advertises itself as a time server to Windows clients.
Option Description
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Status If Enabled, CIFS Share can be accessed. If NFS is enabled on a Storage Volume, you can access CIFS share by setting
Status to enable.
Name A unique name for the file system CIFS options template.
If selected, clients when they browse the shared directory using Windows Explorer can see the list of shares. If unse-
Browseable lected, client has to explicitly specify the full server path in Windows Explorer.
Inherit Per- If selected, permissions on new files and directories are inherited from parent directory.This option is (particularly) helpful
missions in scenarios where there are large systems with many users involved. Inheriting permissions let a single home share to
be used flexibly by each user. Leave this unselected if Type of ACL is set to Windows in the Volume's permissions.
Recycle Bin If selected, instead of purging the files, they are moved to recycle bin of CIFS share on deletion.
Hide Dot Dot files (unlike on UNIX) appear on Windows. Select the option to hide the Dot files.
Files
Hosts Allow Host-based protection feature. Comma-separated or space separated list of IP addresses that are allowed to access the
shares. If nothing is specified, the default value ALL applies.
Hosts Deny Host-based protection feature. Comma-separated or space separated list of IP addresses that are denied access to the
file system. If you specify ALL, IP Addresses that are not listed in the Host Allow field are denied permission.
CIFS authentication workflow
A CIFS Authentication Group is a grouping of multiple CIFS users. You can select the users who can access the CIFS share.
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Field Description
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6. In the VSM page, select the VSM for which you want to assign the authentication group.
7. Select Manage CIFS Configuration (Actions pane > Tasks).
8. Click Edit, select a Discovery Authentication Group from the drop-down list and then click Save.
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Option Description
Network/IP Single Network ID with subnet mask (for example,10.10.1.100/8). You can also provide a comma-separated
addresses list of IP addresses for which access has to be provided (for example,10.20.10.120, 10.20.10.121) instead.
All Directories Yes the client can mount any sub directory within the Path.
6. Click Add.
Can I use the same secret key for mutual authentication in the case of LUN export?
What is the maximum number of NFS or iSCSI LUNs that you can have on ElastiStor?
You can create N number of NFS or iSCSI LUNs, based on your requirement.
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Delegated administration
Administration in CloudByte can be categorized based on services. You can have administration at the Site level or at the Account
level. Your Site can have multiple Site administrators.
Note: Currently, CloudByte ElastiStor supports only role-based administration. Future releases will have delegated admin-
istration fully implemented.
As the root administrator, you can distribute the tasks to administrators. Delegated administration is an act of providing and restrict-
ing privileges by establishing access control based on the responsibility of each individual administrator.
n Delegated administration lets you determine the actions that each administrator can take using administrative tools on dif-
ferent resources.
n Delegated administration roles are mapped to administrative functions using security policies. You can create and maintain
separate administration capabilities, depending on your needs.
n You establish delegated administration by creating role hierarchy.
n Role hierarchy enables you to keep a tight control on how delegation happens and who can delegate what to whom. One
administrator can create sub-roles for other administrators with limited administrative privileges.
Role hierarchy
The following is a pictorial representation of how role-hierarchy functions in CloudByte ElastiStor administration:
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Super admin- Perform all possible actions across Sites, Accounts, and VSMs Not applicable
istrator
Site administrator l Manage permissible actions within the permitted Sites Delete/Modify/Create another Site admin-
istrator
l Manage more than one Site
Account super l Manage only that Account l Manage anything outside the Account
dministrator
l Do everything permissible for an Account administrator l Manage anything with respect to the
infrastructure
Account admin- Manage what is permitted within the Account Manage other account admins within the
istrator Account.
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View administrator l View all the permitted Sites and underlying infrastructure l Delete/Modify/Create another View
administrator
l Have only read-only access
l View Site administrators
l View all the permitted Accounts
l Generate reports
Note: You can only have one super administrator. Only the super administrator can change his/her password. Administrators
can change their password and passwords of administrators under them.
Note: You can create Site administrators or view administrators only if you are a super administrator.
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l Email: Specify a unique email address for the Site administrator or View administrator
l Password: Administrator password
l Delegated Admin Type:Select the type of Delegated Administrator from the drop-down menu
5. Click Next and then drag and drop one or more Sites for which you want to delegate administration as seen in the following
screen:
6. Click Add.
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Note: The type of administrator that you can assign tasks to depends on the privileges you have.
4. Specify the credentials for the administrator and then click Add Account.
Note: The type of administrator that you can assign task to depends on the privileges you have.
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4. In the Add Account dialog box, specify the details and then click OK.
Global Settings
Global settings let the administrator configure various options used to control CloudByte ElastiStor. For example, email con-
figuration. To configure global settings,
Monitoring
Monitoring provides an intuitive visualization of storage statistics.
Monitoring foregrounds relevant backend activities in an easy user interface for administrators. It provides a generic outlook of the
components such as storage, input/output, throughput, latest data, status, alerts, and system configuration.
Various dashboards dynamically represent disk utilization, storage utilization, throughput, input/output, and status of network inter-
face cards attached to the system.
Alerts and Events feature keeps a regular check on what is happening with the product. All events - even adding an additional IP
address or modifying an existing one - get registered and monitored.
The feature also provides a notification system where the administrator is informed through email/text messages when an alert is
generated in the system.
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1. In ElastiCenter, click Alerts. All alerts associated with the Node are displayed.
2. Click the Acknowledge icon to acknowledge the alert and it disappears from the list. To acknowledge all the alerts, click Bulk
Acknowledge in the Actions pane.
Emailing alerts
l By default , alerts are not emailed. To receive alerts over email, set alert.email.enable to true . The alerts are mailed
to the email that you specified when you updated your profile. For details, see "Reset password and configure auto-alert
options". To add multiple users, add the email IDs separated by comma in alert.email.addresses.
l You can set a filter to the alerts mailed based on severity using the option alert.email.severity. By default, all alerts
are mailed (as the value set is 4).
l To specify the sender email ID, use the option alert.email.sender. If you do not specify an ID, the ElastiCenter domain
name is displayed along with IP address of ElastiCenter.
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Events
To get a list of specific events, go to the component page and then click Events. For example, for events related to only Storage
Volumes:
1. In the Storage Volumes page, select a Storage Volume for which you want to generate events.
2. In the following page, click Events in the actions pane.
Dashboard Alerts
Dashboard provides a visual representation of monitoring statistics such as performance, usage, capacity, and availability.
To see the details, select the component and then make a specific selection.
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When you select an option, details are provided in a tabular format. To access the Troubleshooting option,
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You can generate reports at granular levels, for instance at Account level or Pool level. Reports help you with various statistics such
as QoS data.
CloudByte provides the following reports, which you can generate, print, and circulate:
Note: In future releases, you can define your own reports and add new report types.
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To change the default settings for configuring email for reports, select Global Settings and then specify the details for the highlighted
options:
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Introduction to REST APIs
CloudByte ElastiStor REST APIs provide a bundle of functions that encompasses all the features in the CloudByte ElastiStor
Administrator Console (CloudByte ElastiCenter). You do not need ElastiCenter to configure and manage CloudByte ElastiStor.
Rather you can use your own portal.
The CloudByte ElastiStor REST APIs provide powerful, convenient, and simple REST-based APIs which can interact with
CloudByte ElastiStor.
Click one of the following links to get a complete list of CloudByte ElastiStor REST APIs and documentation relevant to your admin-
istrative privileges:
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3. From the list of Accounts, click the specific account for which you want to generate the API key.
4. In the following page, click Generate Keys.
5. Click Yes to confirm. The API key is generated and displayed as shown in the following screen:
https://<ElastiCen-
terIPaddress>/client/apicommand=listSite&apiKey=Xxj48vo357IsQ5H5KOPQksMzFBGYgTJNqgItBAulgu5YeOkwT4L8DAWUb_
p43Nlv23e4eBeuN3Ts8_0-m3AyQA&response=json
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command=listSite The web service command you execute. For the complete
list of commands, see ElastiStor APIs.
Apart from these, the URL also has the additional parameters (required or optional) for the command.
“id”: “66291daa-4c40-4462-8747-926ebc488963”,
“name”: “Bangalore”,
“location”: “India”,
“managedstate”: “Available”,
“currentUsedSpace”: 29,
“currentAvailableSpace”: 9943,
“currentTotalSpace”: 9972,
“currentThroughput”: 605,
“currentIOPS”: 151,
“currentLatency”: 163,
“currentThrottle”: 20,
“controllers”: [
{
“nodePools”: “4”,
“id”: “4c6e2246-52c1-3227-b51a-9928cf3b675a”,
“clusterid”: “88bf812b-5142-4780-8ad3-13178bbf30a1”,
“name”: “host1”,
“hostname”: “Both”,
“nodeTsms”: “4”,
“ipaddress”: “10.36.36.50”
}
],
“haclusters”: [
{
“id”: “88bf812b-5142-4780-8ad3-13178bbf30a1”,
“haClusterPools”: “4”,
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“haClusterNodes”: “1”,
“name”: “Cluster1”,
“haClusterTsms”: “4”
}
],
“hapools”: [
{
“controllerId”: “4c6e2246-52c1-3227-b51a-9928cf3b675a”,
“id”: “38e66579-bb91-3de3-815a-48c35e2c5943”,
“availiops”: “50”,
“totalthroughput”: “102400”,
“name”: “Pool1”,
“poolTsms”: “1”,
“availthroughput”: “51200”,
“totaliops”: “100”
},
{
“controllerId”: “4c6e2246-52c1-3227-b51a-9928cf3b675a”,
“id”: “226e2e02-a3e5-3609-b70d-aea8ef655f74”,
“availiops”: “75”,
“totalthroughput”: “153600”,
“name”: “Pool2”,
“poolTsms”: “1”,
“availthroughput”: “76800”,
“totaliops”: “150”
},
{
“controllerId”: “4c6e2246-52c1-3227-b51a-9928cf3b675a”,
“id”: “810f428d-9c26-3d91-8675-62cc3ca56da0”,
“availiops”: “100”,
“totalthroughput”: “153600”,
“name”: “pool3”,
“poolTsms”: “1”,
“availthroughput”: “102400”,
“totaliops”: “150”
},
{
“controllerId”: “4c6e2246-52c1-3227-b51a-9928cf3b675a”,
“id”: “11d6fd85-5782-39fe-b85d-079d73742757”,
“availiops”: “175”,
“totalthroughput”: “384000”,
“name”: “P4”,
“poolTsms”: “1”,
“availthroughput”: “179200”,
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“totaliops”: “375”
}
],
“tsms”: [
{
“controllerId”: “4c6e2246-52c1-3227-b51a-9928cf3b675a”,
“id”: “1cb805fe-dd22-357e-b198-121fa08d0971”,
“availiops”: “25”,
“totalthroughput”: “51200”,
“name”: “T1”,
“ipaddress”: “10.37.37.51”,
“availthroughput”: “25600”,
“totaliops”: “50”
},
{
“controllerId”: “4c6e2246-52c1-3227-b51a-9928cf3b675a”,
“id”: “90a4e6f8-cb3c-317f-8cdf-3986e8759747”,
“availiops”: “50”,
“totalthroughput”: “76800”,
“name”: “T2”,
“ipaddress”: “10.37.37.52”,
“availthroughput”: “51200”,
“totaliops”: “75”
},
{
“controllerId”: “4c6e2246-52c1-3227-b51a-9928cf3b675a”,
“id”: “cab14af0-84b6-3761-900b-9675b32b6ba5”,
“availiops”: “25”,
“totalthroughput”: “51200”,
“name”: “T3”,
“ipaddress”: “10.37.37.53”,
“availthroughput”: “25600”,
“totaliops”: “50”
},
{
“controllerId”: “4c6e2246-52c1-3227-b51a-9928cf3b675a”,
“id”: “17b17719-137d-3f95-9f4f-468a17a45957”,
“availiops”: “100”,
“totalthroughput”: “204800”,
“name”: “T4”,
“ipaddress”: “10.37.37.54”,
“availthroughput”: “102400”,
“totaliops”: “200”
}
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]
}, {
“id”: “74692191-75a9-4294-9b1e-402127c9e327”,
“name”: “test”,
“managedstate”: “Available”,
“revisionnumber”: 0,
“currentUsedSpace”: 0,
“currentAvailableSpace”: 0,
“currentTotalSpace”: 0,
“currentThroughput”: 0,
“currentIOPS”: 0,
“currentLatency”: 0,
“currentThrottle”: 0
} ] } }
<site>
<id>ad63d28a-9de9-443f-8260-4309337f40c3</id>
<name>site</name>
<managedstate>Available</managedstate>
<revisionnumber>0</revisionnumber>
<currentUsedSpace>0</currentUsedSpace>
<currentAvailableSpace>1996</currentAvailableSpace>
<currentTotalSpace>1996</currentTotalSpace>
<currentThroughput>0</currentThroughput>
<currentIOPS>0</currentIOPS>
<currentLatency>0</currentLatency>
<currentThrottle>0</currentThrottle>
</site>
</listSiteResponse>
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n Easily commission storage with guaranteed IOPS at various levels. You can decide to configure QoS at a Pool level, VSM
level, or Storage Volume level.
n Configure multidimensional QoS involving IOPS, throughput, latency, and capacity.
n Utilize untapped system resources. For example, assume that you have three VSMs but only one is active. In this case, the
active VSM can use the entire system’s capability.
n On-demand modification of settings without system restarts.
Select a capable pool: Based on VSM’s requirements, you provision it on a capable Pool that can meet the requirements. Define
the pool level QoS, based on Pool configuration and the controller level. QoS is determined based on the Pool capacity, which is the
underlying storage capability.
QoS provisioning: Understand your VSM’s QoS requirements across the data access and data protection needs. Based on the
requirement of the VSM, you can either choose QoS automatically or manually. Ensure that you are aware of the Pool settings and
how effectively you want to use it at the VSM level.
Sub-divide QoS: Within a VSM, based on varying needs, further sub-divide QoS across Storage Volume, based on the guarantee
that the administrator wants to set. For example, when a VSM is used to store logs in the database, since logs need higher IOPS
and lower throughput and latency, set it accordingly. Whereas a database requires low IOPS, high throughput, and high latency.
Configuration
Use ElastiCenter to configure QoS settings. The configuration can be at the following levels:
Configuring Grace
What is Grace
Grace is the provisioning of unused IOPS/throughput of Pools to Storage Volumes based on the performance requirements. You can
configure Grace at Pool level and Storage Volume level.
For example, assume that you have a Pool with the capacity of 100 IOPS and Grace enabled. Two VSMs named VSM A and VSM
B, with a capacity of 30 IOPS and 60 IOPS respectively are created under the Pool.
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l Under VSM A (with 30 IOPS capacity), Storage Volumes named E and F are created, and assigned 10 IOPS and 15 IOPS
respectively.
l Under VSM B (with 60 IOPS capacity), Storage Volume G is created and assigned 35 IOPS.
l The grace available in this scenario is 40 IOPS.
To edit,
1. Go to the Pool page and then in the actions pane, click Settings.
2. Click Edit and then choose to enable/disable Grace.
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To edit,
1. Go to the Storage Volume page and then in the actions pane, click Settings.
2. Click Edit and then choose to enable/disable Grace.
3. Click Save.
Monitoring QoS
In the Storage Volume page, select the Volume for which you want to monitor QoS. The page that appears displays the monitoring
data.
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QoS tips
Storage capacity
Discs, storage connectivity, and type
Capability: Ensure that you are well aware of the capabilities of your storage subsystem. For example, the right interconnection
between the controller and storage, the type of disks on the disk array, and the ability to expand the capacity.
Limitations: Ensure that you have assessed the limitations. For example, increasing storage capacity does not make any sense if
the network does not support.
Controller characteristics
RAM, CPU, and network:
CPU: If the storage is more I/O bound than CPU bound, it is more effective. CPU load should not be more than 60-70 percent, or you
add more cores.
RAM: RAM determines the ability to cache. Larger RAM means more filesystem caches. In a READ-centric scenario, larger RAM
helps generate better QOS. That is, more I/O and throughput but lesser latency.
Network: Network capacity decides data access and data protection. Assure adequate network bandwidth to export performance to
clients. Network should do justice to the storage system.
Segregation: Segregate data access and data protection so that protection workloads do not interfere with data access workloads.
Pool creation
Storage group tips
When you add storage groups, keep them identical. For example, do not add disparate groups to the same Pool. For example, if one
group has SATA disks and another group has SAS disks, then do not assign both to the same Pool. That is, do not create hybrid
Pools.
Tips to avoid contention points: Be judicious when you add multiple Pools to a controller. For example, it does not make sense if
network bandwidth is already utilized to the maximum with the existing Pools, or CPUs are already busy serving the existing Pools.
QoS also suffers because of over provisioning.
When to combine multiple pools: When no conflict pertaining to bandwidth, CPU, or Memory exist, you can combine Pools.
Optimizing QoS
Disk characteristics: Better the disk characteristics, better the QOS. For example, the IOPS, throughput, and latency of SATA
disks are not as good as that of SS disks.
Disk layout: Better the disk layout, better the QoS. For example, keep the disk layout to 8 to 10 disks.
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Improving WRITE performance: If the application requires synchronous WRITES, associate high performing disk to the Pool to
speed up the WRITEs. This guarantees better QOS.
Improving READ performance: To improve the READ performance or increase the filesystem cache hit rate, add high performing
disks as cache devices to the Pool.
Assume that, as a service provider, you have assigned a client a specific number of IOPS. Depending on the work load pattern, to
maintain guaranteed QoS, you might have to increase or decrease the IOPS. Based on the standard QoS characteristics CloudByte
automatically calculates the equivalent of your load.
For example, in a 100 % READ scenario, there is a surplus IOPS owing to the 0% WRITE. Similarly in a 100 percent
WRITE scenario, there is a deficit of IOPS. This demands a check and balance in the IOPS provisioning which is taken care of by
CloudByte.
Since it is imperative that IOPS provisioning conform to a specific matrix, you are provided with a set of Global Settings options
which you can tweak to maintain and optimize the performance. Note that you can also optimize the performance at per Pool level
also.
Concepts
IOPS Description
Standard IOPS This is the benchmarked IOPS. The details are as follows: 80 READ/20 WRITE, and 4K block size. This acts
as the frame of reference for QoS in CloudByte ElastiStor.
Operating IOPS IOPS under a given workload that can be measured against the standard IOPS.
Pool IOPS The standard IOPS that can be delivered by a given pool.
Illustration
Consider a Pool assigned with 1300 Standard IOPS. There are three Storage Volumes with the following conditions:
Storage Volume Provisioned IOPS Block Size Workload (READ/WRITE) Operational IOPS
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In the case of TSM 3 where WRITEs are more, operational IOPS exceeds the standard IOPS which demands the implementation of
penalty enforcement.
Settings Description
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Read/write variation
CloudByte equates one WRITE to four READS. You can tune this on per pool basis if required.
Calculation
If standard IOPS are 100 at 80 READS/20 WRITES, the following is the formula to convert the operating IOPS into standard IOPS:
100 100/0 80 READS +20 READS (as READs occur in place of WRITEs). Here you convert 20 WRITEs 160
to READS. That is, 20x4=80 READs. The total standard IOPS that can be consumed is 80 +
80 = 160 IOPS.
100 60/40 60 READs + 40 READs (as WRITES occur in place of READs). Here you convert 20 READs 85
to WRITEs. 20 READs are equal to 20/4=5 WRITEs. The total standard IOPS that can be con-
sumed is 80+5 = 85 IOPS.
100 40/20 40 READs + 60WRITEs (as WRITEs occur in place of READs). Here you convert 40 READs 50
to WRITES. 40 READs are equal to 40/4=10 WRITEs. The total standard IOPS that can be
consumed is 40+10 = 50 IOPS.
100 20/80 20 READs + 80 WRITEs (as WRITEs occur in place of READs). Here you convert 60 READs 35
to WRITEs. 60 READs are equal to 60/4=15 WRITEs. The total standard IOPS that can be
consumed is 20+15 = 35 IOPS.
100 0/100 0 READs + 100 WRITEs (as WRITEs occur in place of READs). Here you convert 80 READs 20
to WRITEs. 80 READs are equal to 80/4=20 WRITEs. The total standard IOPS that can be
consumed is 0+20 = 20 IOPS.
l X operating IOPS are converted to X1 after considering the block size variation
l X1 IOPS are converted to X2 after considering READ/WRITE variation
l Throttling happens at X2 IOPS
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What is QoS?
The maximum IOPS directly depends on the underlying storage. SSD is the best choice followed by SAS and SATA.
Yes
No
Shared: If the Storage Volume can share the QoS configuration with another Storage Volume.
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For example, if both Storage Volume 1 and Storage Volume 2 are committed to busy service round the clock, Dedicated
would be your choice. Whereas, if Storage Volume 1 and Storage Volume 2 represent services in a cross-geographical setup
where activities related to Storage Volume 1 end toward the time activities related to Storage Volume 2 start, Shared would
be your choice.
Do I have to set all the QoS parameters (IOPS, Latency, and Throughput)?
No. IOPS is a must. Depending on requirement, you can choose to configure Latency and Throughput.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Same as standalone.
Yes
Yes
Can I get the same QoS on the secondary node in the case of a disaster?
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In multiway HA, for example in a two-way HA, each node should be provisioned a maximum of upto to 50 percent of the capa-
city.
Can I get the same QoS on the secondary node in the case of a disaster?
Yes, provided the secondary node has same system configuration as the primary.
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Particularly useful when you check if the IOPS and throughput set for a particular Storage Volume are correct. If a particular
Storage Volume is continuously eating up grace, it is an indication that it is over-provisioned and deserves more IOPS/-
throughput.
The chart on top of the page displays the comparison with time stamp as the reference.
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Note: SATA disks or any disk with SATA interface is not supported for HA and multipathing configuration.
l Same NIC (for example, if em0 is the interface used on one Node, the same should apply for all Nodes) and same capacity
Disks are shared (across the Nodes)
l Same system hardware configuration
l Identical SAS HBA (identical firmware and driver)
Procedures
The following procedures explain how to configure a two-way High Availability setup:
1. Set up your hardware. For details see "High Availability | Backup | Recovery"
2. Create a Site. For details, see "Creating a Site ".
3. Create an HA Group. For details, see "Creating an HA Group ".
When you specify the IP address range while adding the HA Group, ensure that you specify a range that matches the number
of nodes you add.
Note: You can perform this step later, after you add all other Nodes. In that case, you have to refresh the hardware
(Nodes > select specific Node > select Refresh Hardware in the Tasks section of the action pane) for labeling to take
effect.
Now you have established a two-way HA. The following screen provides a visual representation of the configuration.
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1. Select the Node that you want to bring to maintenance mode (ElastiCenter > Nodes).
2. In the Node Page, go to the actions pane and then click Move to maintenance icon.
Take Over
When Node failure occurs, takeover happens as illustrated in the following screens:
n The following screen depicts the Node Page that lists a two-way HA. Here, Node2 is in maintenance mode.
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Note: In ElastiStor, every Node has a designated partner. If the Node goes down, the resources of that Node are failed over
to the partner Node.
1. Select the Node that you want to bring up (ElastiCenter > Node).
2. In the Node page, go to the actions pane and then click Move to available icon.
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HA Jobs
To view the details of the past High Availability events, perform the following procedures;
1. (In ElastiCenter)In the HA Groups page, select an HA Group for which you want to view event details.
2. In the Actions pane, click View Jobs.
You can view the details of the past HA events and the time taken to perform these events as shown in the following screen:
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In the case of failure, verify the storage connectivity and check for any error messages in the View Jobs (HA Group > select
the specific HA Group > actions pane > Tasks). If you cannot resolve, contact Technical Support.
The CloudByte ElastiStor features such as Backup and Restore and Disaster Recovery lets you restore older point in time copy of
data, while meeting compliance requirements. Industry surveys indicate large amount of operational expenses to reconstruct lost
data. Business critical data needs to be online as fast as possible while meeting stringent RPO and RTO. ElastiStor provides local
backup as well as disaster recovery solutions. The following diagram depicts (at a high level) the backup solution with CloudByte
ElastiStor.
Remote backup
Particularly helpful in scenarios such as site damage caused due to natural disasters.
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Local backup
Backup Options
Disaster recovery is possible by either backing up at tenant level or dataset level in the case of remote replication.
l RPO depends on the scheduling done for Data Replication in remote tenants backup. In the best case, where it is scheduled
for every minute, RPO could be 1 minute of data.
l RTO depends on how fast the administrator on the other site gets the information that he needs to activate the backup tenant.
Disaster recovery with high availability
Supports hybrid configurations involving data replication in high availability scenarios.Configuring local backup
Backup refers to copying and archiving of data. In the event of data loss, you can use the backup to restore the original data.
n Snapshot, which is a read-only virtual copy of your Storage Volume and VSM.
n Clone, which is a real copy of your Storage Volume
Backing up VSM
1. In ElastiCenter, select Virtual Storage Machines in the navigation pane.
2. From the list, select the VSM to create local backup.
3. In the following page, go to the Local Backup section of the Actions pane and then select either of the following options:
n Schedule: Schedule your backup by choosing a frequency.
n Snapshot: Manually create a snapshot on demand.
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Add snapshot
1. In the Local Backup section, click Create Snapshot.
2. In the Create Snapshot dialog box, specify a unique name.
3. Click OK.
Add schedule
1. In the Local Backup section, click Add Snapshot Schedule. The Add Snapshot Schedule page appears.
2. Specify the following details and then click Add.
Field Description
Retention Copies Specify the number of backup copies that you want to create.
Frequency Retention copies
Every 15 minutes 4
Every hour 24
Every day 30
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To view the snapshots and schedules that you have created, click Manage Snapshots/Manage Snapshot Schedules in the local
backup section. You have options to rollback and disable the schedules/snapshots.
4. In the Create Snapshot dialog box, specify a unique name for the snapshot and then click OK.
Restoring Snapshots
1. In ElastiCenter, select Storage Volumes in the Navigation pane.
2. From the list, select the Storage Volume to restore data.
3. In the following page, go to the Local Backup section of the actions pane and then click Manage Snapshots.
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4. From the list of snapshots, select the one that you want to restore, click the restore icon, and then confirm at prompt.
Add schedule
1. In the Local Backup section, click Add Snapshot Schedule. The Add Snapshot Schedule page appears.
2. Specify the following details and then click Add.
Field Description
Retention Copies Specify the number of backup copies that you want to create.
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To view the snapshots and schedules that you have created, click Manage Snapshots/Manage Snapshot Schedules in the local
backup section. You have options to rollback and disable the schedules/snapshots.
ElastiStor uses snapshot as the point of reference for your clone. The workflow is as follows:
Creating a clone
1. In ElastiCenter, select Storage Volume in the navigation pane.
2. From the list, select the Storage Volume to create a clone.
3. In the following page, go to the actions pane and then select Local Backup > Create Snapshot.
4. In the Create Snapshot dialog box, specify a name and then click OK.
5. Click Manage Snapshot (actions pane > Local Backup).
6. From the list of snapshots, go to the one which you want to use as reference for creating the snapshot and then click the
Clone icon (highlighted in the circle).
7. Specify a unique clone name, where to mount the clone, and then click OK.
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Currently, ElastiStor supports disaster recovery for a single Site. You can rebuild a primary Site using the disaster recovery copy.
ElastiStor provides disaster recovery across Sites over WANs.
Note: You have this option only if you have not created a DR VSM. If a DR VSM is created, you can modify the settings.
4. In the Add DR VSM page, select a Site on which you want to configure the DR VSM and also specify the name of DR VSM.
5. In the following page, select a Pool and then click Next.
6. Select the Backup interface, IP Address, and specify a schedule for the DR VSM (in the format minutes/hours/days/-
month/year).
7. Click Add.
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Recovering data
1. In the ElastiCenter navigation pane, click Virtual Storage Machine.
2. From the list of VSMs, select the DR VSM that is associated with the Primary VSM where the disaster occurred.
3. In the DR VSM page, go to actions pane and then click Tasks > Activate.
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4. In the following page, specify the network settings and then click OK.
5. At confirmation prompt, click Yes.
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Confirm if the DR Transfer occurs after the upgrade as scheduled. In the case of any exceptions, contact CloudByte Technical Sup-
port.
Important:The primary and secondary setups cannot be used at the same time. Ensure that only the database service is
operational on the secondary setup. Promote the secondary setup only when the primary setup is down.
Prerequisites
l The primary and secondary setups are on same subnet
l ElastiCenter and Node are installed separately
The procedures involve action at both the primary and secondary setups.
Note: If you copy and paste the commands in the section, ensure that they appear correctly on the CLI.
1. (On both the setups) Log in as root and access (over SSH or directly) the command prompt on the machine where the
ElastiCenters are installed.
2. (On the secondary setup) Run the following command: service rabbitmq onestop
3. (On the secondary setup) Run the following command to ensure that the RabbitMQ service is stopped: service rab-
bitmq onestatus
4. (On secondary setup) Run the following command to ensure that no Java process is running:
ps –eaf | grep java
5. If any of the Java processes or RabbitMQ service is running, kill it using the following command: kill -9 PID_of_pro-
cess
6. Else, ensure the following:
l Size of/tpoolfolder is same on both primary ElastiCenter and secondary ElastiCenter using the following command:
zpool list
l /folder in secondary ElastiCenter database has enough space for backup. This means the available space in / dir-
ectory on the secondary ElastiCenter must be greater than the used space in /tpool directory on the primary
ElastiCenter.
7. (Optional) On the secondary setup, start the mysql service using the command: service mysql -server onestart .
8. (On the secondary setup) Run the script /usr/local/cb/bin/cb_config_slave.sh .
9. Perform the steps as shown in the following command line :
Select your choice:
1) Configure secondary ElastiCenter.
2) Promote secondary to primary ElastiCenter.
3) Exit
1
Here, you have to select 1 as highlighted.
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If the primary setup is down, try the following before promoting the secondary setup:
l Verify the error logs in java/Rabbitmq/Mysql or the service status. For example, service mysql-server
onestatus.
l Restart the service that is not running.
If downtime prevails despite the service restart, promote the secondary setup.
Procedures
Note: If you copy and paste the commands in the section, ensure that they appear correctly on the CLI.
1. Bring down the primary ElastiCenter by stopping rabbitmq services and Java processes.
2. (On the secondary ElastiCenter console) Run the script /usr/local/cb/bin/cb_config_slave.sh .
3. Perform the steps as shown in the following command line :
Select your choice:
1) Configure secondary ElastiCenter.
2) Promote secondary to primary Elasticenter.
3) Exit
2
Here, you have to select 2 as highlighted.
You have selected to promote secondary Elasticenter to primary Elasticenter.
Do you want to continue ? (Yes/No)Yes
Here, you have to select Yes as highlighted.
4. (On all the ElastiStor consoles) Modify the /usr/local/agent/listener/cbc_conf file by changing the IP address of
ElastiCenter. Specify the IP address of secondary ElastiCenter.
5. (On the ElastiStor console) Run the following command to restart all the python/cbc services on the Node: service -l
| grep cbc | xargs -L 1 -I {} service {} onerestart
Also, ensure that the ElastiCenter is accessible to the Nodes with same status as prior to the promotion.
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Note: During the promotion process, if a Node is offline or is powered down, then manually start the cbc_monitor_
hajobs service and point it to the promoted ElastiCenter.
Backing up configurations
How to backup and restore ElastiCenter configuration
By default, CloudByte schedules a backup everyday. You can modify the settings using the following options in Global Settings:
l devman.backup.files.retain
l devman.backup.path
l devman.backup.scheduling.interval.
But, in the case you need to do a manual backup, follow the steps:
Backing up
1. Copy the backed up TAR file to a location on ElastiCenter, for example /var.
2. Go to the directory /usr/local/cb/bin and then run the following command: ./restore.sh <path of backedup file>.
For example ./restore.sh /var/backup_Jul26_1374815679.tar.bz2.
Do the following to collect the logs of the datacenter (both Nodes and ElastiCenter):
1. Log in as root.
2. In the ElastiCenter server, at command prompt, run the following command: cd /usr/local/cb/bin/.
3. Run the following command: python logCollector.py
4. At prompt, specify the root password for all Nodes from which you want to gather the logs.
By default, CloudByte schedules a daily backup in the location /cf/conf. CloudByte recommends you to move this backup daily
to a safe location. Either schedule a cron job or manually copy the files from the conf directory.
Restoring
1. Reinstall the Node with the same configurations (for example, same IP address, Hostname, and ElastiCenter details) as in
the previous installation.
2. Copy the following backed up files to the reinstalled Node:
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CHAPTER IX Advanced settings | Implementation
VLAN interface
VLAN interface can be created on a NIC whenever there is a need for the interface to subscribe to a separate broadcast domain (usu-
ally needed for high traffic data networks).
Additionally, multiple VLAN interfaces can be created on a single physical NIC, thereby allowing access to multiple networks at the
same time. The VLANs act as virtual individual NICs, each belonging to a separate broadcast domain.
2. In the VLAN Interfaces page, go to the actions pane and then click Tasks > Add VLAN Interface.
3. In the Add VLAN Interface dialog box, specify the VLAN tag (which must be a numeric value) and then select the parent NIC.
4. Click OK.
When you provision a VSM, in the networking details section of the Provision VSM Wizard, specify the VLAN interface you created
(in the Interface field).
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LAGG interface
LAGG interface allows aggregation of multiple network interfaces into a single virtual LAGG interface, providing fault-tolerance and
high-speed multi-link throughput. The aggregation protocols supported by LAGG determines which ports are used for outgoing traffic
and whether a specific port accepts incoming traffic.
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4. Click Next.
5. From the list of available NICs, drag and drop the ones you want to assign to a LAGG.
6. Click Add.
SAS multipathing
CloudByte ElastiStor supports SAS multipathing. Having multiple physical
paths to the disk array enclosure assures effective path failover by providing
redundant paths for data access.
Sample setup
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When you have the multipath set up, the paths are visible in the related Node page.
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In the case of a failure, as shown in the following instance the path disappears from the table:
The figure implies that there is only a single SAS path available.
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CHAPTER X Going Forward
Agenda
l What's the next step?
l Getting CloudByte Technical Support
What next
Congratulations.
Support workflow
Now that you are an expert in CloudByte ElastiStor, you would start setting up the storage infrastructure at your workplace. What if
you get struck?
Documentation
CloudByte provides elaborate documentation for its products. This includes Product Help, various technical articles, and knowledge
base articles. All these documents are available on search on popular search engines.
Community Forums
Join the CloudByte Forums to connect with other CloudByte users and experts on our Forums.
http://www.cloudbyte.com/support/
Email : support@cloudbyte.com
US : +1-(408)-663-6900
India : (91)-80-2258-2804
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CHAPTER XI Glossary
Terms Description
Account An entity with specific storage needs. Account represents a department of an Enterprise or a customer of a Cloud
Service Provider.
Alerts Notifications that demand action. Alerts can be on a range of issues such as network cable pullout or degradation
of a Pool.
Asynchronous rep- The process of writing data to local storage and then queuing it up for replication on remote storage at assigned
lication intervals. If the local storage fails before the data is written in remote storage, then replication fails.
Auto-Provisioning ElastiStor can automate Node selection and resource allocation if you provide the required SLA/QoS parameters.
Sensing the level of storage performance and capacity the application requires, ElastiStor automatically allots the
right Pool.
Block Size The size of a block in data storage and file systems. Block is a sequence of bytes or bits, having a nominal size.
HA Group Houses a group of Nodes. HA Group enables takeover during failures. Workload of a failed Node is assigned to
another Node in the same HA Group based on availability and performance requirements.
Dashboard A graphical representation of the key performance indicators. It presents an overview of all the Sites in ElastiCenter
in an organized manner. You can update information instantaneously.
Delegated Admin- The process of distributing administrative tasks and content in the portal to dedicated administrators. Using access
istration control lists, you determine the actions administrators take on various resources. Delegated administration roles
are mapped to administrative functions using security policies. You can create and maintain separate admin-
istration capabilities depending on your needs.
Disaster Recovery Disaster implies unplanned outage. Your storage system must be capable of effective backup and recovery so that
there is no damage to the data that is handled in the case of any adversity.
Disk Array Popularly called JBODs, disk array is a set of disks clubbed to single disk shelf.
Disk Type The type of disk supported by CloudByte ElastiStor. The supported disk types are SAS, SATA, and SSD.
Domain Search Searching the DNS to which you want to add a controller.
Event Any storage activity. ElastiStor notifies events based on the configuration.
FC (Fibre Chan- A high-speed interconnect between controllers and back-end disk enclosures. FC components include HBAs,
nel) hubs, and switches. The term also refers to a high-speed, fully duplex serial communication protocol permitting
data transfer up to 10GB per second.
FTP (File Transfer An application layer protocol used to transfer bulk-volumes of files between machines or hosts.
Protocol)
Global Settings Lets the administrator configure options that control ElastiStor.
Grace Provisioning of Pool's unused IOPS/Throughput to Storage Volumes based on their performance requirements.
High-Availability High Availability minimizes/prevents the consequences of downtime in the storage setup. A typical High Availability
environment comprises two setups: one active while the partner remains dormant. In a downtime, the passive setup
takes over the storage tasks that the active setup was performing. This effects a reversal of states each setup was
in. When the downtime is over, all events are given back to the original active setup.
Initiator Group When an initiator group is associated with a LUN, only initiators from that group can access the LUN. Initiators are
identified by unique addressing methods.
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CloudByte ElastiStor Certified Professional Study Guide
Terms Description
IOPS (Input/Output The number of READs or WRITEs per second. It is used to measure the performance of storage solution. Total
operations per IOPS is the average input/output operations per second, Read IOPS is the average READ operations per second,
second) and Write IOPS is the average WRITE operations per second.
iSCSI Internet Small Computer Systems Interface is a client-server protocol used to enable the transfer of SCSI packets
over a TCP/IP (Ethernet) network.
Lagg Interface Allows integration of multiple network interfaces with a single virtual interface. This helps in fault-tolerance and
high-speed multi-link throughput.
LUN (Logical Unit Unique address to identify a logical unit. Logical unit is the conceptual subunit of a storage disk or set of disks.
Number)
Mirrored Disks A High Availability setup where you have a different set of disks on each node. Active disks are replicated/mirrored
on the partnering node.
Mirroring Storing duplicate copies of data on one or more sets of additional Storage Volumes, apart from the set of Storage
Volume that stores the original data.
Monitoring Provides an intuitive visualization of storage statistics. Monitoring foregrounds relevant back end activities in an
easy user interface for the administrator.
Network Failure Indicates that the system is unable to reach the network. For example, due to physical port failure.
NFS A distributed file system protocol that lets clients access files over a network in the same way they access local stor-
age.
Provisioning A set of steps to allocate storage to Hosts and applications. For example, creating Storage Volumes in Pools.
QoS (Quality of Lets you easily commission storage with guaranteed IOPS at various levels. You can decide to configure QoS at a
Service) Pool level, VSM level, or Storage Volume level.
Report Detailed information related to configuration. Use Configuration Reports for component configuration details.
Dynamic Reports provide QoS statistics.
Rest APIs Every action performed at ElastiStor admin console translates into a REST based API call in the back end. This
enables administrators to fully manage ElastiStor from their portals. CloudByte plugin for VMware vCenter (also
based on REST API) enables storage management from vCenter.
Shared Disks A High Availability setup where you have a common set of disks shared between primary and secondary nodes.
The disks can be either hard disks or iSCSI disks.
Shared Storage Storage devices that are connected to and used by two or more systems.
Site Represents a data center or part of a data center. Building storage infrastructure starts with the creation of Site. It is
the fundamental infrastructure unit where your controller, storage, and network infrastructure reside.
Storage Capacity The overall disk space (and not the free disk space).
Striping Writes data across two or more disks in an array but utilizes only a part of the space on each disk. The amount of
space used by stripe on each disk is always the same. A virtual disk may write several stripes on the same set of
disks in the array.
Synchronous Rep- The process of writing the same data to two separate volumes, stored on different physical hardware, before the
lication application receives an I/O complete message. This results in both the volumes being always in sync.
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CHAPTER XI Glossary
Terms Description
Takeover The process of taking over the storage control activity from a node. Typically, when there is a downtime on the
primary node, the secondary node takes over the control of storage.
Thin Provisioning The process of optimizing efficiency of using the available storage space. It is the allocation of disk storage space
flexibly among multiple users, based on the minimum space each user requires at any given time.
Throughput Amount of work a system can perform at specific intervals. It is also the amount of data moved successfully from
one place to another in a given time period.
VSM (Virtual Stor- Virtual storage controller capable of hosting Storage Volumes and LUNs.
age Machine)
VSM Architecture Unique to CloudByte ElastiStor, this is a patented architecture. In a Storage Controller, each application is fully isol-
ated across all storage stack levels and unified under a Virtual Storage Machine (VSM). VSM isolation allows con-
troller resources allotted to applications to be easily monitored, controlled, and provisioned.
VMware vSphere A Microsoft Windows desktop application that enables you to access VMware ESXi and VMware vCenter.
client
ZFS (Zettabyte File ZFS is a 128-bit file system that provides features such as data integrity verification, disk management, snapshots,
System) and transactional operations.
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