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Assignment topic

Curriculum development in Islam and Sub- continent

Submitted To

Ma’am Sadia Aslam

Submitted By

Taiba Eman

Roll no 20-501

B.Ed. (1.5) 1st semester

Department of Education

Government College Woman University Faisalabad

Session (2020_2022)
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Topic 1
Curriculum Development in Islam
The Curriculum:
The Curriculum is one of the crucial factors within educational system which determines the
achievement of learning for the students. Ramayulis said that the curriculum is the subjects given
to pupils to cultivate knowledge on the way to adapt to their environment.
History of Curriculum Development in Islam:
The history of the curriculum in Pakistan, today, can be traced back to the duration when the
Prophet (PBUH) of Islam, began out teaching the ideas of Islam to the humans. It started out
while Muhammad was in Makkah, so the form and scope of the material was quite simple and
now no longer built systematically.
The focus during the early history of Islam on the education of youth reflected the belief that
raising children with correct principles was a holy obligation for parents and society. As Abdul
Tibawi wrote that, the mind of the child was believed to be "like a white clean paper, once
anything is written on it, right or wrong, it will be difficult to erase it or superimpose new writing
upon it". Memorization of the Koran was central to the curriculum of the “kuttab”. Kuttabs may
be located at split place or a mosque. During this period, the mosque was the center of activities
of the Islamic society and education was the important part of activities.
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Curriculum in Makkah Period According to Tafsir, Curriculum at that time become simplest
in the form of al Qur'an which contained faith, prayer, and morals. Muhammad (PBUH)
presently become in a totally difficult time; his surroundings was occupied through ignorant
people to Islam. To introduce the Islam, it was to start with performed in secret, till Muhammad
discovered a way to do it in public.
In Madinah Curriculum has been developed, because of the growing wide variety of
revelations received by Muhammad, many things needed to be regulated more and more.  In
order to understand the significant improvement of curriculum at diverse levels in Muslim
history, we've got started from the improvement of curriculum from the early Muslim period up
to provide time in Pakistan. In his duration, education was given in following subjects:         
 Reading and writing (Arabic)
 Quranic education
 The Hadith through heart
 Learning the Quran through heart
 The Fqih
 Mathematical calculation in respect of distribution of property
 Basic medicine: Genealogy
 Learning overseas languages
 Art of sewing; masonry and arrow-shooting
 Horse riding
Development of Curriculum:
 During the period of Hazrat Umar (RA) the curriculum covered horse-riding and training
of armaments besides other topics.
 During the period of Omayyad’s remarkable development become made in various fields
of education. During this era curriculum covered Arabic Grammar, Rhetoric, Fiqh,
Hadith, Mathematics and Medicine with different subjects.
 During the period of Abbasides (Banu Abbas) Muslim education visited new lands. Islam
had unfolded to the entire of North Africa, Southern Europe, Middle East, Central Asia
and South East Asian Sub-continent. In this era many new subjects of studies had been
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introduced like astronomy and new laboratories formed, history, geography, Math,
Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Philosophy and Ethics.
 During the tenth and eleventh Centuries many new vital and unimportant topics of study
appeared.
 Imam Ghazali introduced reforms in the curriculum. He divided the subject into Farz-e-
Ain and Farz-e-Kifaya. Every Muslim was bound to find out about Farz-e- Ain, subject
like Kalima, prayers, fasting, Nazra Quran, Fiqh, Hadith, Ilm-ul-Kalam and different
important fundamental of Islam. Under Farz-e-Kifaya, he added beneficial topics. The
non-compulsory topics had been Science of Medicine, surgery, Math, Politics, Literature,
History, Geography, tailoring, hair-cutting.
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Topic 2
Development of Curriculum in Sub- Continent:
Under the Muslim rule, modifications in curriculum had been introduced now and again to
border curriculum according to the Islamic ideas.
 In 13th Century, Arabic language, Arabic grammar, literature and basic mathematics and
practical skills in numerous arts and crafts had been introduced.
 In 17th century, Dars-e-Nizamia had been set up which taught Arabic grammar, Rhetoric,
Fiqh, Principles of Fiqh, Ethics, Islamic Philosophy, Ilm-ul- Kalam, Math and
Astronomy.
 During the duration of Akbar Mughal Emperor morality, mathematics, algebra, geometry,
physics, astrology, Arabic grammar, agriculture, history, geography, political
administration, ethics, philosophy and theology.
 During the duration of British who had succeeded the Mughals attempted to damage the
Muslims identification through closing their Madrassas. But Shah Wali Ullah turned into
the first Muslim philosopher who attempted to reinstate the Muslims once again via
education. He worked in a Madrassah (Madrassah-i-Raheemiyya) established by his
father. His curriculum covered the Quran, Hadith, Fiqh, Arabic & Persian language and
ethical education.
 Encouraged through the achievement of Shah Wali Ullah, Darul-Uloom Deoband,
Nadvatul Ulama Lucknow, Madrassah Jamia Millia, Delhi were set up. But every of
those has a typical curriculum model of its own based on its personal specific philosophy.
 Sir syed Ahmad Khan became the pioneer of Aligarh Movement. He stressed on modern
schooling on European sciences, English and literature with
 East India company was established in year 1600. In Charter Act of 1698 of East India
company that schools must be established for the company's Indian employees. They
established few schools referred to as Charity Schools in which curriculum changed into
brought at the ideas of Christian religion.
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 In 1781 the primary institution “Calcutta Madrassha” was set up. The curriculum was
mathematics geometry, Quranic theology, law, logic, grammar and national philosophy
was brought.
 In 1853 the new system of schooling brought wherein English changed into most
effective medium of teaching. In 1882 new curriculum was introduced like math, modern
English, history, geography, drawing and modern languages at high school.
 During 1930-47 diverse committees set up to reorganize academic system in sub-
continent. And natural academic course to technical and expert courses.
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References:

Barni, M., & Mahdany, D. (2017). Al Ghazāli’s Thoughts on Islamic Education Curriculum.
Dinamika Ilmu, 17(2). doi:10.21093/div17i2.921

GC University Faisalabad Pakistan Follow. (2019, December 17). Curriculum development.

Retrieved January 16, 2021, from https://www.slideshare.net/QaisarAbbas/curriculum-
development-206823830

Islam - History of Islamic Education, Aims and Objectives of Islamic Education. (n.d.).
Retrieved January 16, 2021, from
https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2133/Islam.html