Create a Photorealistic

Car Render using 3ds

Max and Vray
by Sumeet Gupta30 Nov 2009
Difficulty:AdvancedLength:MediumLanguages:
3D Studio Max 3DVRay

Whenever you see highly realistic images of CG cars, you may think that it is
an incredibly difficult process to arrive at such a high quality result...this is not
actually the case. In this tutorial, Sumeet Gupta will show you how easy it can
be to create a photorealistic car render using 3DS Max and Vray, as long as
you know the right steps.

For this tutorial, Sumeet used “Dodge Viper”, but these steps will let you can
achieve similar result using any high-rez car model.

Step 1
In order to achieve similar results as above, you need to model a detailed and
clean car. If you don’t feel like modeling, you can use a pre-made model too.
Another important step is to find a good HDRI image and a matching back
plate. I got one at www.hdrilocations.com/freesample.php, but you can also
do your own research to find a good HDRI and back plate, as there are plenty
of them available on internet. When you are done with collecting your models
and HDRI, fire up 3DS Max and import/ merge the car model into a new 3DS
Max scene.

Step 2
Create a long plane in the TOP viewport. Position the plane so that it lies
under the wheels and acts as a road.
Step 3
Make sure your perspective view is selected, and go to “Views > Viewport
Background > Viewport Background” or (Alt+B). Click on "Files" and load
the background image. Use selected settings while loading a background
image.
Step 4
Go to the TOP viewport again, and create a standard Target camera. Don’t
worry about it’s position and settings, I will explain this later.
Step 5
All good back plates contain information about f-stop number, iso, and other
important settings. All we have to do to match some of image parameters with
the camera we have just created. So right click the image, and under
“properties”, go to “details” and scroll down until you see the “Camera” roll
out menu. Currently we will match only the "Focal Length" parameter. As you
can see, the back plate image has a "Focal Length" value of 45.
Step 6
Back in 3DS Max, go to "Camera Settings" and and change the "Lens"
settings to 45. Also, change the perspective view to your camera (C).
Step 7
Now, we need to match our perspective with the background image. There are
several ways to do that, such as camera tracking etc. I, personally find those
methods too complicated, so i use the method of trial and error. What i do is
try to match the perspective of road with the background image using camera
tools such as "Orbit Camera" and "Pan"(Mouse Middle Click). If you think
the car is too small then you can use"Dolly Camera" as well. When you are
satisfied with your composition, right click the camera, and go to "Camera
correction modifier". Click on "Guess", and it automatically sets the correct
perspective. After couple of minutes of experimentation, my viewport ended
up like this.
Step 8
Our scene preparation is now done, so let's get on with the materials and
texturing. Assign a "shellac" material to the car body. Under the "Base and
Shellac" material option, use "VRayMtl", and put a value of "100" under
"Shellac Color Blend". Go back to the Base material and use the settings
shown below.

A Shellac allows you to superimpose one material over another, with the base
material being underneath and the shellac material over it. The "Shellac Color
Blend" box controls the amount of shellac that gets laid over the base
material, and the Subdiv value control the smoothness of material. The more
subdivs you have, the material will look noise free in the render, but this will
of course increase the render time.
Step 9
For the car body color, go to "Car Color", under Shellac material options, and
use the following settings. I decided to give the car body a deep red color, so I
used a Falloff gradient under "Diffuse" slot from light red to deep red. If you
want a Black carpaint, for instance, then you can simply replace the light red
with Grey, and the dark red with black. I have also used Fresnal reflections
this time. Fresnel describes the way a surface's attributes change depending on
the view angle.
Step 10
For the windshield material, apply a VRayMtl to the windshields, and use the
settings shown below. Note: The reflect parameter controls the reflection of
the material. Black means the material will not reflect anything, and white
means it will reflect everything in the scene. The refract value gives
transparency to the material where white means 100% transparent, and black
means 100% opaque. Also, I used a small picture of a Rainbow gradient under
the Diffuse slot, you can find a similar one using Google.
Step 11
For the tire material, apply a VRayMtl and check "BRDF" as "Ward". The
BRDF parameters determine the type of the highlights and glossy reflections.
Step 12
For the rims material, apply a VRayMtl using the settings shown. The
reflection glossiness controls the parameters of specular reflections in
vraymaterial. The lower the value (0.45-0.75), the blurrier the reflections.
Also, if you use less values of reflection glossiness, you need to crank up the
subdivs, as blurry reflections produce more noise in the render.
Step 13
Now, assign a "Matte/Shadow" material to the road, so that it catches the
shadows from the VrayLight and HDRI. Open the "Material Editor", click on
"Get Material", select "Matte/Shadow" from the list, and apply it to the road.
Use the default settings of the "Matte/Shadow" material.

Step 14
Time to use the HDRI to light up the scene. Press "M" to open the material
editor window, and click the "Get material" button. Another window of
"Material/Map Browser" will pop up. Select "Bitmap" from the list, and load
the HDRI from the browser.

Step 15
Go to the "Lights" menu, select "vray" from the dropdown menu, and create a
"VrayLight" above the car using the following settings. You will need to
adjust the multiplier value according to your scene. In my scene, a multiplier
of "1.5" worked perfectly.
Step 16
Position your "Vraylight" so that it sits on top of the car.
Step 17
Open the "Material editor" again, and drag the HDRI into the "Use texture"
slot of the VrayLight .
Step 18
Press "F10" to open the Render Setup window. In the V-Ray Menu, go to
"Global switches", and uncheck "Default lights". Under "Image sampler",
select"Adaptive subdivison", and select "Mitchell-Netravali" as the
Antialiasing filter. Under the Environment tab, check"Reflection/refraction
environment override", and drag in the same HDRI that you applied on the
VrayLight. Under the color mapping rollout, select "Exponential" as the type,
check "Sub-pixel mapping", and also "Clamp output", leaving the "Clamp
level" at 1.0.

Below is an explanation of the settings:

 Default Lights: Since we are already using HDRI based lighting, we don't
want our scene to be lit by Default lights. Keep this parameter unchecked.
 Adaptive Subdivison: This is an advanced image sampler capable of
undersampling (taking less than one sample per pixel). In the absence of
blurry effects (direct GI, DOF, glossy reflection/refraction etc) this is the best
preferred image sampler in VRay. On average it takes fewer samples (and
thus less time) to achieve the same image quality as the other image samplers.
However, with detailed textures and/or blurry effects, it can be slower and
produce worse results than the other two methods.
 Mitchell-Netravali: As you can read the description in vray rollout, it
allows control between edge-enhancement and blurring.
 Vray-Environment: We are already using our HDRI as a skylight, so we
only need to copy it into the Reflection/refraction slot.
 Vray-Color mapping: Exponential automatically adjusts the
brightness/contrast of the scene so that you don't get "burnt" areas. In short,
the Linear mapping method clamps the bright colors to white, causing any
bright parts of the image to appear "burnt out". Both the Exponential and HSV
exponential modes avoid this problem. While the Exponential mode tends to
wash out the colors and desaturate them, the HSV exponential mode preserves
the color hue and saturation.
 Sub-pixel mapping: This option controls whether color mapping will be
applied to the final image pixels, or to the individual sub-pixel samples.
 Dark multiplier: This is the multiplier for dark colors. It acts like a contrast
parameter.
 Bright multiplier: This is the multiplier for bright colors. It acts like a
brightness parameter.
 Affect background: If this is off, color mapping will not affect colors
belonging to the background.
 Clamp output: If this is on, colors will be clamped after color mapping. In
some situations, this may be undesirable (for example, if you wish to antialias
hdr parts of the image too). In that case, turn clamping off.
Use the following render settings:
Step 19
Now, lets render our first image. Press "F9" for quick render. As you can see,
it's not quite as it looks in the Final result, so lets tweak some more settings.

Step 20
Press "M" to open the material editor window, and select the same Bitmap
material containing the HDRI file. Now here is the tricky part. We need to
adjust the position of HDRI till we get good illumination and reflection on the
car body....and there's no other way to do this except Render, Render, and
Render!

After hitting several renders, my bitmap parameters came up like this:

Step 21
So, here is the final render from 3DS Max. As you can see, it is still slightly
different from the finished image. Don't worry, we will improve the render in
Photoshop in next step!

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Step 22
Fire up Photoshop, and open the previous render. Add some warm tones using
"Color Balance". Press shortcut"Ctrl+B" or go to "Image>Adjustments>Color
Balance". Adjust the sliders according to your needs. I used the values of
"+16, 0, -13". I also added some headlight glow using a plugin called "Knoll
Light factory", and adjusted some levels to get a nice brightness/contrast to
the image. You can also add some cool lighting effects and try different post
treatments using any other plugin or in photoshop itself.

Conclusion
This concludes the tutorial. I hope you enjoyed it and learned something new.
If you are unable to understand any step, please feel free to post a comment,
and i will try to explain it as best as I can. Thanks for your time!.