At the end of the topic, the students can:

1. Familiarize the history of volley ball,

2. Identify the equipment of volleyball, and
3. Label the facilities of volleyball.

Volleyball
Introduction
The game of volleyball has been played and enjoyed for centuries. It is a great
pastime and a fun game to participate in. It is a sport that does not take a lot of stamina or
skill on the player’s part. It is also a good game to play in larger groups and with friends
(Tulio, 2008).
Volleyball can be a very powerful and strenuous game to play. It comes highly
recommended as a sport that most anyone can participate in. It is definitely not a sport that
only the young can participate in.
Volleyball is a game that takes energy and will keep you fit, but does not wear you
out completely. On the other hand, it does not just have to be asummer sport. The good
thing about the sport is that it can be played indoors.

Lesson 1: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

The Origins
On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts, William G. Morgan(1870-1942), a
YMCA physical education director, created a new game called mintonette as a pastime to
be played preferably indoors and by any number of players. The game had characteristics
of handball and tennis. It was designed as an indoor sport less rough than basketball for
older members of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA).
As mentioned by Morgan himself, "In search of an appropriate game, tennis
occurred to me, but this required rackets, balls, a net and other equipment, so it was
eliminated, but the idea of a net seemed a good one. We raised it to a height of about 6 feet,
6 inches (1.98 m) from the ground, just above the head of an average man. We needed a
ball. Among those we tried was a basketball bladder, but this was too light and too slow.
We therefore tried the basketball itself, which was too big and too heavy,” (Volleyball
history, “n.d.).

The first rules called for a net 1.98m high, a 7.6m x 15.2m court, and any number of
players. A match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each
inning, and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to
the opponent’s court. In case of a serving error, a second try was allowed. Hitting the ball
into the net was considered a foul, except in the case of the first-try serve.
 Early in 1896, a conference was organized at the YMCA College in Springfield,
bringing together all the YMCA Directors of Physical Education. Dr.

Luther Halsey Gulick, director of the professional physical education training school asked
Morgan for a demonstration and explanation of the rules of the game.
Prof. Alfred Halstead proposed for a change of the name from mintonette to Volley
Ball after he noticed the action, or the act phase, of the ball's flight, which was volleying in
nature. This name was accepted by Morgan and the conference.(Note: In 1952, the United
States Volley Ball Association voted to spell the name with just one word - Volleyball).
In 1900, Morgan asked the firm of A.G. Spalding & Bros. to make a ball, which they
did at their factory near Chicopee, in Massachusetts. The result was satisfactory: the ball
was leather-covered, with a rubber inner tube, its circumference was not less than 25 and
not more than 27 inches (63.5 cm and 68.6 cm, respectively), and its weight was not less
than 9 and not more than 12 ounces (252 gr and 336 gr, respectively).

Worldwide Growth
In 1900, Canada became the first foreign country to adopt the game, and also in
many other countries: Elwood S. Brown in the Philippines (1910), J. Howard Crocker in
China, Franklin H. Brown in Japan (1908), Dr J.H. Gray in Burma, China, India, and
others in Mexico, and South American, European, and African countries.
In 1947, an international federation of volleyball (the Federacion Internationale de
Volley Ball or FIVB) was formed and the first volleyball world championships were held in
1949. In 1964 in Tokyo, volleyball was added as an Olympic sport.
Volleyball is now one of the big five international sports, and the FIVB, with its 220
affiliated national federations, is the largest international sporting federation in the world.
Volleyball in the Philippines The history of volleyball in the Philippines dates
back to 1910. The director of the YMCA, Elwood S. Brown, first introduced the sport.
Filipinos began playing volleyball as a backyard sport and games of beach volleyball soon
followed. Players hung the net between two trees. They made up their own rules regarding
how many players on each side and how many times the ball could be hit before sending it
over the net.
Philippine volleyball teams would sometimes let every player hit the ball before
sending it over to the opposing side. This took too much time and snuffed out the challenge
and competitive nature of the game. This led to the creation of the three-hit limit.
With the new three-hit rule in place, Filipinos experimented with new volleyball
techniques and came up with the set and spike, or the “Filipino bomb.” In this offensive
passing style, one player hits the volleyball and sends it high in the air to set it up for
another player on the team. This other player then strikes the ball sending it over the net at
a downward angle. This is called spiking the ball.
 The date July 4, 1961 marked the birth of the Philippine Amateur Volleyball
Association (PAVA), the national governing body of the sport in the Philippines. This was
later renamed Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF), and is affiliated with the Philippine
Olympic Committee (POC), Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC), and FIVB.

Lesson 2: VALUES/BENEFITS
Volleyball is excellent for developing quick movement. Rapid adaptation to the
opponent’s style of play. Reliance on skilful team performance and coordinated effort
rather than impulsive individual reactions to the game situation. Volleyball play
emphasizes planned strategy. Correct application of defensive and offensive maneuvers
under varying conditions. Accurate execution of the varied movements required in the
game. Demands heightened powers of observation and skill. And, volleyball is sufficiently
vigorous to develop organic power

Lesson 3: EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES

1. The Ball
Fig.4
The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case with
a bladder inside, made of rubber or a similar material.  The ball should not be fewer than
25 inches nor more than 27 inches in circumference and should weigh not less than nine
ounces (250 grams) or more than ten ounces(280 grams).  The pressure in a leather ball
should be between 7 and 8 pounds; in a rubber ball, 5 to 7 pounds.

2. The Net
Fig.5
Placed vertically over the center line there is a net whose top is set at the height of
2.43 m for men and 2.24 m for women.
Net is 32 feet in length when stretched and is made of 4 inch square mesh of black or
dark brown, which is topped with a double white tape. 2 inches wide. Steel cable or rope is
run through the top and bottom of the net to secure it to the uprights, which should be at
least 3 feet outside the court.

3. The Volleyball Court

Fig.6
The playing area includes the playing court and the free zone. It shall be
rectangular and symmetric. The playing court is a rectangular measuring 18 x 9m,
surrounded by a free zone which is a minimum of 3m wide on all sides. The free playing
space is the space above the playing area which is free from any obstructions. The free
playing space shall measure a minimum of 7m in height from the playing surface. LINES
ON THE COURT. All lines are 5cm wide. They must be of light color which is different
from the color of the floor and from any other lines.
a. Boundary Lines – two side lines and two end lines mark the playing court. Both side
lines and the end lines are drawn inside the dimensions of the playing court.
b. Centre Line – the axis of the centre line divides the playing court into two equal courts
measuring 9 x 9 m each. c. Attack Line – on each court, an attack line, whose rear edge is
drawn 3 m back from the axis of the centre line, marks the front zone.

ZONES AND AREAS

a. Front Zone – on each court the front zone is limited by the axis of the centre line and the
rear edge of the attack line. The front zone is considered to extend beyond the side lines to
the end of the free zone.
b. Service Zone – the service zone is a 9 m area behind each end line. It is laterally limited
by two short lines, each 15 cm long, drawn 20 cm behind the end line as an extension of the
side lines.
c. Substitution Zone – the substitution zone is limited by the extension of both attack lines
up to the scorer’s table.
d. Libero Replacement Zone – the libero replacement zone is part of the free zone on the
side of the team benches, limited by the extension of the attack line up to the end line.

3. Player’s equipment
A player’s equipment consists of a jersey, shorts, socks (the uniform and sport
shoes). The colour and the design for the jerseys, shorts and socks must be uniform for the
team (except for the libero). The uniform must be clean. The shoes must be light and
pliable with rubber or composite soles without heels. Player’s jerseys must be numbered
from 1-20. The number must be placed on the jersey at the centre of the front and of the
back. The colour and brightness of the numbers must contrast with the colour and
brightness of the jerseys. The number must be a minimum of 15 cm in height on the chest,
and a minimum of 20 cm in height on the back. The stripe forming the numbers shall be a
minimum of 2 cm in width. The team captain must have on his/her jersey a stripe of 8x2 cm
underlining the number on the chest. It is forbidden to wear uniforms of a colour different
from that of the other players (except for the libero), and/or without official numbers.