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DEDICATORIA Mis padres Juan y Yojana, que son mis mejores guías Mis hermanos Sara,
Juan y Yanet amigos incondicionales Mis abuelitas Mercedes Rosas por todo su cariño y
consejos, y Luz Garcés A la memoria de mis abuelitos Melecio Quiroz y Jorge Garrido Por su
ejemplo de perseverancia y optimismo…
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Agradezco a Dios por la oportunidad de haber realizado y terminado satisfactoriamente este

proyecto y por haber puesto en mi camino muchas personas extraordinarias que me han apoyado
desinteresadamente.
A mis padres Juan y Yojana, a mis hermanos Sara, Juan y Yanet, por su paciencia y
comprensión en la espera de la culminación de este trabajo. Gracias por su apoyo incondicional y
por la confianza de que llegaré a la meta.
Un agradecimiento especial a mi asesor el Magíster Fernando Retuerto Prieto por creer en
mis capacidades para la ejecución de esta investigación y de igual modo agradezco a la Bióloga
Elena Arbaiza Prado por su invalorable ayuda, en ambos he reconocido a dos muy buenos
profesionales y he ganado dos buenos amigos.
A mis profesores la Prof Doris Melo Horna, a la Prof. Susana Gutiérrez, al Prof. Enrique
Escobar, y al Prof. Mauro Mariano Astocondor gracias por sus consejos y sus palabras de apoyo.
A ustedes amigos, les doy gracias por su motivación en la continuación de este trabajo, los
guardo en mi corazón. Una mención particular a mis amigos Ramón A. Espinoza Lewis y Sergio
Romero Loyola que aunque lejos me han apoyado facilitándome muchas de las referencias
citadas, también a Violeta Alarcón que me brindó el mismo apoyo. A Carmencita Maza y Frank
Azorsa, agradezco su ayuda en la parte experimental de este proyecto. A Edison Pascual por el
apoyo en la toma de fotografías, a Yesica Llimpe mi entrañable amiga gracias por el interés en
mi trabajo.
A todas las personas que de manera directa o indirecta contribuyeron en la realización de
esta investigación: al Prof. Rolando Estrada por las facilidades para el uso de equipos e
instalaciones, al Dr. Armando Yarlequé por facilitarme parte de las referencias bibliográficas, al
Prof. Alvaro Marcelo por estar siempre presto a aclarar mis dudas al desarrollar este trabajo, a la
Prof. Margarita Velásquez por su colaboración en la prueba hemolítica al Biólogo José Zavala
por la recolección de los ejemplares de anémona de mar y al Ing. Quím. Oscar Reátegui por
facilitarme algunos equipos de laboratorio; toda mi gratitud para ellos
No quiero terminar sin hacer un agradecimiento muy particular al Dr. Carlos Paredes, quien
me asesoró en la revisión de este trabajo, mi admiración y respeto.
MIL GRACIAS a todos ustedes.
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En esta investigación se han estudiado las toxinas del veneno de la anémona de mar Anthothoe
chilensis (Lesson, 1830), a partir de los tentáculos y cuerpos de animales vivos recolectados
entre 8 y 10 metros de profundidad en las Isla Cabinza-San Lorenzo.
Se utilizaron tres fracciones precipitadas con sulfato de amonio y tres fracciones
precipitadas con acetona para realizar ensayos in vitro y un ensayo in vivo.
Se observó que las proteínas contenidas en el veneno de A. chilensis tienen un peso
molecular entre 14 y 94 kDa. Se evidenció la presencia de carbohidratos en todas las fracciones
evaluadas y mediante tinción PAS de geles PAGE-SDS se detectó la presencia de glicoproteínas.
Todas las fracciones mostraron tener actividad hemolítica, fosfolipásica y proteolítica. La
fracción Ach1at tuvo la actividad hemolítica más alta, la fracción acetónica Ach3at tuvo la
mayor actividad fosfolipásica.
Cuando las fracciones se probaron sobre el desarrollo embrionario de huevos de erizo de
mar, éstas mostraron efectos en la morfología tales como blástulas lisadas, exogastrulación,
prismas y larvas pluteus anormales. Entre los efectos citológicos se observaron gástrulas con
menos configuraciones mitóticas, núcleos heteropicnóticos, cariorresis y núcleos gigantes.
Las fracciones ensayadas mostraron producir hipersensibilidad tipo I en ratones albinos, sin
llegar a desencadenar shock anafiláctico.
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In this investigation toxins of the venom of the sea anemone Anthothoe chilensis (Lesson, 1830)
have been studied, from the tentacles and bodies of alive animals collected between 8 and 10
meters of depth in the Island Cabinza-San Lorenzo.
Three precipitated fractions with ammonium sulfate and three precipitated fractions with
acetone were used to make assays in vitro and one assay in vivo.
It was observed that the proteins contained in the venom of A. chilensis have a molecular
weight between 14 and 94 kDa. The presence of carbohydrates was evidenced in all the
evaluated fractions and by stain PAS of gels SDS-PAGE the glycoproteins presence were
detected.
All the fractions showed to have hemolytic, phospholipase and proteolytic activities. The
acetonic fraction I had the higher hemolytic activity, the acetonic fraction III had the greater
phospholipasic activity.
When the fractions were assayed on the sea urchin eggs embryonic development, they
showed to have morphologic effects like lisated blastules, early exogastrulation, and abnormal
prisms and pluteus larvae. Cytological effects like gastrulaes with less mitotic configurations,
heteropycnotic nuclei, karyorrhexis and giant nuclei were observed.
The evaluated fractions showed to produce hypersensitivity type I in mice, without getting
to trigger anaphylactic shock.
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