Based on New Board Paper Pattern 2020-21 prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune - 04 Model Question Papers 2020-21 With Solutions STD. XII Sci. (Bs per the New Board Paper Pattern within the purview of reduced \_ syllabus 2020-21 Bee ye A set of 4 Model Question Papers with solutions each for Physics, Chemistry, Maths & Biology (Total 16 Model Question Papers) Created as per the New Board Paper Pattern within the purview of reduced syllabus for the academic year 2020 - 2021 Complete answer to every question with relevant marks Graphs and diagrams provided where applicable Printed at: Print Vision, Navi Mumbai © Target Publications Pvt.Ltd No part of this bank may he repraaced ar rane in any form ar hy any meae CD. ROM Amin Video Cassettes ap electri: mechanical including photocopying: recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher. Balbbharati Registration No.: 2018MH0022 P.O, No.t291 TEID: 1797Preface HSC is the comerstone of a student’s career as it opens up the doors to turn their dreams into reality It acts as a platform for students to specialise in a field that interests them the most. However, to achieve this it becomes imperative to get into the details of each subject and to clarify its fundamentals. Adequate knowledge base thus helps students to boost their self confidence and pave their way up in the final examinations. It is rightly said, ‘Practice makes a man perfeet’. Keeping this in mind, we are proud to introduce “Std XII Sci. Model Question Papers With Solutions”. This set of question papers provides students thorough practice for preparation of their final examinations. The book consists of 16 Model Question Papers in all; based on Physics, Chemistry, Maths and Biology (a set of four model question papers for cach subject) In the light of current pandemic, the reduction of syllabus for the academic year 2020 - 2021 proposed by Board of Higher Secondary Education is taken into consideration while preparing each model paper. Along with these question papers, we've provided Model Answers with relevant marks so as to make sure that students understand the importance of each question. These question papers reflect the latest changes in paper pattern as updated by the Board of Higher Secondary Education. We are sure that, these question papers would provide ample practice to students in a systematic ‘manner and would boost their confidence to face the challenges posed in examinations, We welcome your valuable suggestions and feedback towards this book, We wish the students all the best for their examinations! ‘Yours faithfully Publisher Edition: First Disclaimer This seteence bok is wansrmtve work based ett cota publ by Buca of Textbook We he pubis ae making theca book which onstaes ss fr eof etal ones which re Wanfomed by ang and sbeng wth iw to mph the santo enable he ses nemo, meme a ‘epoduce samen exami ‘Thi wrk ix prt imped po he couse work apes hy the Marsa Sat Boel of Secondary and Higher Sosy Eaton, Pe, ser ae hs eon taken the psiaton of harkens book bythe Aho he ct he sms. The Ars tn th Publier sal tbe epee ay ss o ast ‘Sune ary perm on secoun of oro sons which pt hans cep mr dsagrsmet of sy tits ary ot the pot of ve expend inte eference bk reserved with th Pub or al he coset ces by our Aut. No capa i chime the etl cores whieh ar sented pt of i dealing With 4 ew to prvi bes supplementary sly marl fr dhe Hee ofIndex Subject Page No. Physics 1 Paper Pattern —— Maths 3 Biology 4 Test T 3 6 Physies : e 7 4 7 113 1 2 128 2 2 139 me 3 26 149 4 37 159 1 35 170 2 39 185 Maths 3 B 199 4 a7 214 T 31 230 2 34 240 Biology ; a a a 2 258Sean the adjacent OR code to download the Reduced / Non- upcoming board exam of academic year 2020-21. vvaluative Portion for the TBxeesT Marking Scheme PHYSICS : PAPER PATTERN ‘There will be one single paper of 70 Marks in Physics. Duration of the paper will be 3 hours. Section A: (18 Marks) This section will contain Multiple Choice Questions and Very Short Answer (VSA) type of questions. There will be 10 MCQs and 8 VSA type of questions, each carrying one mark. Students will have to attempt all these questions. Section B: (16 Marks) This section will contain 12 Short Answer (SA-I) type of questions, each carrying 2 marks. Students will have to attempt any 8 questions. Section C: (24 Marks) This section will contain 12 Short Answer (SA-I) type of questions, each carrying 3 marks, Students will have to attempt any 8 questions. Section D: (12 Marks) This section will contain 5 Long Answer (LA) type of questions, each carrying 4 marks. Students will have to aitempt any 3 questions Distribution of Marks According to the Type of Questions Type of Questions MCQ | 1 Mark each | 10 Marks Percentage wise distribution of marks VSA__|_1 Mark each | _ 8 Marks ATbeory oa SA-1_| 2Marks each | 16 Marks Nei 7 SA-II_| 3 Marks cach | 24 Marks LA | 4Marks each | 12 Marks No. Topic Name Marks Marks with option 1_| Rotational Dynamics 05 07 2_| Mechanical Properties of Fluids 05 oO 8 __| Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation 05 07 4_| ‘Thermodynamics 05 07 5 _| Oscillations 04 05. 6 _| Superposition of Waves 04 06 7_| Wave Optics 05 07 8 _| Electrostaties of 06 9 | Current Electricity 4 06 10__| Magnetic Fields due to Electrie Current 04 06 11_| Magnetic Materials 4 05 12_| Electromagnetic Induction 05 07 13_| AC circuits 04 06 14_| Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter v4 > 15_| Structure of Atoms and Nuclei 04 06 16__| Semiconductor Devices | 4 05. Total 70 98T Marking Scheme CHEMISTRY : PAPER PATTERN ‘+ There will be one single paper of 70 Marks in Chemistry. ‘+ Duration of the paper will be 3 hours. Section A: (18 Marks) This section will contain Multiple Choice Questions and Very Short Answer(VSA) type of questions. There will be 10 MCQs and 8 VSA type of questions, each carrying One mark: Students will have to attempt all the questions Section B: (16 Marks) This section will contain 12 Short Answer (SA-l) type of questions, each carrying Two marks. Students will have to attempt any 8 questions. Section C: (24 Marks) This section will contain 12 Short Answer (SA-I) type of questions, each carrying Three marks. Students will have to attempt any 8 questions. Section D: (12 Marks) This section will contain 5 Long Answer (LA) type of questions, each carrying Four marks. Students will have to attempt any 3 questions. Distribution of Marks Accor: g to the Type of Questions Type of Questions MCQ /-Mark each 10 Marks VSA 1 Mark each 8 Marks SA-I 2 Marks each: 16 Marks SA-IL 3 Marks each 24 Marks LA 4 Marks each: 12 Marks No. Topic Name Marks: Marks with option 1 | Solid State 3 5 2 | Solutions 4 6 3 Tonic Equilibria 4 6 4 | Chemical Thermodynamics — ao) a 5_| Blectrochemistry 5 7 6 Chemical Kinetics 4 6 7 Elements of Groups 16, 17 & 18 6 8 8 _| Transition and Inner Transition Elements 6 8 9_| Coordination Compounds 5 7 10 | Halogen Derivatives 3 7 11_| Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 4 6 12 | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 6 8 13__| Amines 3 4 14_| Biomolecules 3 4 15 _| Introduction to Polymer Chemistry 08 4 16 _| Green Chemistry and Nanochemistry 08 4 Total 70 98 neT Marking Scheme MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS : PAPER PATTERN ‘There will be a single paper of 80 Marks in Mathematics and Statistics. Duration of the paper will be 3 hours. Section A: (20 Marks) This section will contain Multiple Choice Questions and Very Short Answer(VSA) type of questions. There will be 8 MCQs, each carrying two marks and 4 VSA type of questions, each carrying one mark Students will have to attempt all these questions. Section (16 Marks) This section will contain 12 Short Answer (SA-l) type of questions, each carrying 2 marks. Students will have to attempt any & questions. Section C: (24 Marks) This section will contain 12 Short Answer (SA-II) type of questions, cach carrying 3 marks. Students will have to attempt any 8 questions. Section (20 Marks) This scetion will contain 8 Long Answer (LA) type of questions, each carrying 4 marks. Students will have to attempt any 5 questions. Distribution of Marks According to the Type of Questions | Type of questions No of questions | Total Marks (with option) MCQ 2 Marks cach [| Q.No.1-(ito viii) | 16 Marks VSA 1 Mark each | Q.No.2 (i to iv) 4 Marks: SA-I 2 Marks each | Q.No. 310 14 } (24 Marks SA-IL |3 Marks each | Q.No. 151026 | 36 Marks LA 4 Marks each | Q.No. 2710 34 32 Marks No. 7 Topic Marks 1_| Mathematical Logic 7 08 2__| Matrices 06 3__| Trigonometric Functions 10 4_| Pair of Straight Lines - 06 5 | Vectors 1 6 | Line and Plane 0 7 Programming ot 8 ation 09 9 | Applications of Derivatives 09 10 | Indefinite Integration 10 11_| Definite Integration 06 12_| Application of Definite Integration o4 13 | Differential Equations 08 L4_| Probability Distributions 05, 15 istribution 05 112 Note: The weightage to theory questions in question paper is up to 15% (i.e. up to 17 marks)T Marking Scheme BIOLOGY : PAPER PATTERN There will be one single paper of 710 Marks in Biology. Duration of the paper will be 3 hours. Section Az (18 Marks) This section will contain Multiple Choice Questions and Very Short Answer(VSA) type of questions. There will be 10 MCQs and 8 VSA type of questions, each carrying One mark. Students will have to attempt all these questions. Section B: (16 Marks) This section will contain 12 Short Answer (SA-l) type of questions, each carrying Two marks, Students will have to attempt any 8 questions. Section C: (24 Marks) This section will contain 12 Short Answer (SA-ID) type of questions, each carrying Three marks. Students will have to attempt any 8 questions. Section D: (12 Marks) This section will contain 5 Long Answer (LA) type of questions, each carrying Four marks. Students will have to attempt any 3 questions. Distribution of Marks Accor ig to the Type of Questions Type of Questions MCQ Mark cach 10 Marks VSA T Mark each 8 Marks SA-T 2 Marks each 16 Marks SA-IT 3 Marks each 24 Marks LA 4 Marks each 12 Marks No. Topic Name Marks | Marks with Option 1_| Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants) 6 8 2-_| Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals _ [Zs] 8 3 _| Inheritance and Variation {4 6 4_| Molecular Bacio of Inhoritanca 4 6 5 _| Origin and Evolution of Life 4 6 6 _| Plant Water Relation 5 7 7_| Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition 5 7 8 _| Respiration and Circulation 7 i0 9 | Control and Co-ordination 8 it 10_| Human Health and Diseases 3 4 11_| Enhancement of Food Production 4 6 12_| Biotechnology 5 7 13_ | Organisms and Populations 3 4 14_| Beosystems and Energy Flow 3 4 15_| Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues 3 4 Total 70 08T H.S.C. Model Question Paper MODEL QUESTION PAPER — | PHYSICS Time: 3 Hours ‘Total Marks: 70 General instructions: i. The question paper is divided into four sections. vill jon A: QNNo.1 contains Ten multiple choice type of questions carrying One mark each, Q. No.2 contains Eight very short answer type of questions carrying One mark each, jon B: QNo3 to Q No. 14 contains Twelve short answer type of questions carrying Two marks cach. (Attempt any Eight). Section C: QNo.15 to Q. No. 26 contains Twelve short answer type of questions carrying ‘Three marks each, (Attempt any Eight), Section D: Q.No.27 to Q. No. 31 contains Five long answer type of questions carrying Four marks each, (Attempt any Three). Use of log table is allowed. Use of calculator is not allowed. Figures to the right indicate full marks. For each MCQ, correct answer must be written along with its alphabet. €.8, (al (Dou! (Ca! (A).on, Only first attempt will be considered for evaluation, Physical constants: a. Latent heat of vaporisation, Lyx» = 2256kU/ks b. Acceleration due to gravity, g= 9.8 mis* SECTION A Qu. Select and write the correct answer: [10] vi When the balance point is obtained in the potentiometer, a current is drawn from (A) _ both the cells and auxiliary battery (B) cell only (©) auxiliary battery only (D) neither cell nor auxiliary battery ‘The mininmm velocity (in m &") with which a ear driver rust traverse a Mat curve af radling 150m. and coefficient of friction 0.6 to avoid skidding is (g = 10 m/s") (A) 60 (B) 30 © 15 (D) 25 A circular coil of 100 tums with a cross-sectional area (A) of 0.5 m’ is kept with its plane perpendicular to the magnetic field (B) of 4 T. What i the magnetic flux linkage with the coil? (A) 400 Wb (B) 100 Wb (© 50Wb (D) 200 Wb Ina moving coil galvanometer, we use a radial magnetic field so that the galvanometer scale is, (A) linear (B) algebraic (©) logarithmic (D) exponential The forward voltage drop of an LED is (A) much larger than the ordinary diode. (B)__ much less than that of the ordinary diode. (C) almost 1.5 to 3.5 volts. (D) Both (A) and (C) If the incident energy is 200 cal, absorptive power is 0.31 and reflection coefficient is 0.41, then the amount of energy transmitted will be (A) 48 cal (B) S6cal (© S8eal (D) S4ealT Physics Q2 ii. vi vill ‘A parallel plate capacitor is charged. Ifthe plates are pulled apart, (A) the potential difference increases. (B) the capacitance increases. (C) the total charge increases. (D) the charge and the potential difference remain the same. In the purely resistive A.C. circuit (A) current leads e.m.f by a phase angle of x radians. (B) current leads em. by a phase angle of 5 radians. (©) current and emf. are in phase (D) current lags behind e.m.f, by a phase angle of ~ radians. In the hydrogen atom spectrum, the series which lies in ultraviolet region is (A) Lyman series (B) Balmer series (C) Paschen series (D) Brackett series ‘The number of photoelectrons emitted (A) _ varies inversely with frequency (B) varies directly with frequency (©) varies inversely with intensity (D) varies directly with intensity Answer the following: 18) What are eddy currents? A wave is represented by an equation y= A sin (Bx — Cd), Given that the constants A, B and C are positive, can you tell in which direction the wave is moving? The half life of radium is 1600 years. Find the fraction of a sample of radium that would remain afier 6400 years. ‘What will be the direction of angular displacement and angular velocity, if angular acceleration is constant and is along the axis of rotation? In a common-base connection, a certain transistor has an emitter current of 11 mA and collector current of 10.7 mA, Calculate the value of the base current. Define S.1. unit of magnetic field. What will happen to the mean square speed of the molecules of a gas if the temperature of the gas decreases? Define Potential Gradient. SECTION B Attempt Any Eight: fo Q3. Q4. Qs. Q6. Q7. Qs. In SI units, the diferentil equation of an S.H.M. is > 16x. Find its frequency and period Explain relation between electri field and electric potential State the properties of an ideal fluid. Calculate molar specific heat of mono-atomic gases at constant volume and constant pressure Find the time required for a 25 Hz altemating current to change its value from zero to the rms. value. On what factors, does the frequency of a conical pendulum depend? Is it independent of some factors?T H.C. Model Question Paper Q9. Two coherent sources whose intensity ratio is 16:9 produce interference fringes. Calculate the ratio ‘of amplitudes of light waves coming from them. Q.10, Derive an expression for the energy stored in a magnetic field. QUI, State the difficulties faced by Rutherford’s atomic model, Q.12. A sound wave in a certain fluid medium is reflected at an obstacle to form a standing wave. The distance between two successive nodes is 4.5 om. If the velocity of sound is 1629 mis, find the frequency. 0.13. Explain resultant magnetic moment of an atom with the help of Paulis exclusion principle. Q.14, The common-base DC current gain of a transistor is 0.982. If the emitter current is IS mA, what is the value of base current? Attempt Any Eight: Q.15, A wire of length 0.5 m is stretched by 2 ke wt. If mass of the wire is 0.98 « 10 kg, find the velocity of transverse wave along the wire and its fundamental frequency. Q.16, Calculate the M.I of thin uniform rod of mass 300 g and length 50/¢m about an axis perpendicular to its length and passing through i, itscenteand ii, oneend. Q.17. What is series LCR resonant circuit? State conditions for series resonance. Obtain an expression for resonant frequency. Q.18. Derive the relation between surface tension and surface energy per unit area. Q.19, Discuss the maximum and minimum values of displacement, velocity and acceleration of a particle performing linear S.H.M. Q.20, The maximum value of permeability of a metal (77% Ni, 16% Fe, 5% Cu, 2% Cr) is 0.126 T mA”. Find the maximum relative permeability and susceptibi Q.21. Explain the variation of temperature according to Prevost’s theory of heat exchange, Q.22. Explain the Huygens’ construction of plante waveftont. 23.20 ke of liquid water is boiled at 100 °C and all of itis converted to steam Ifthe change af state takes place at the atmospheric pressure (1.01 * 10° Pa), calculate i, the energy transferred to the system, ii, the work done by the system during this change, and iii, the change in the internal energy af the system. Given, the volume of ? kg of water changes from 2.0 x 10° m’ in liquid form to 3.342 m’ when in the form of steam. Q.24. Define the following terms: Excitation energy of an electron in an atom ii, Binding energy of an electron in an atom. Dark resistance of a photodiode Q.25. An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges each of magnitude 1 wC separated by 2.5 em. ‘The dipole is placed in an extemal cleetre field of 1.2 10° NC. Find: i. The maximum torque exerted by the field on the dipole ii, The work the extemal agent will have to do in tuning the dipole through 180° starting from the position 0= 0° Q.26. State Lenz's law and explain how it is incorporated in Faraday’s law. PayT Q27. i, State and explain Newton’s law of viscosity. ii, Plane wavefront of light of wavelength 6500 A is incident on two slits in a screen perpendicular to the direction of light rays. If the total separation of 10 bright fringes on a soreen 1.5 maway is 3em, find the distance between the slits. Attempt Any Three: Q.28. i, State and explain Kirchhoff's current law in electric circuit. ii, Figure shows currents in a part of electrical circuit. Find the current X. X=Te A Q.29, Describe the experimental set-up for a photoelectric effect with the help of neat and labelled schematic diagram, Q.30. i, Derive the relation for magnetic force acting on an arbitrarily shaped wire assuming relation for a straight wire. ii. A straight conductor, m long carrying a current of 12 A is kept at right angles to a uniform ‘magnetic field of induction 5.5 x 10 W/m’, What is the force acting upon it? Q31. With the help of p-V diagram explain the work done by the system while expanding when i. System undergoes first volume change at constant pressure and then the pressure changes at constant volume. ii, System undergoes first pressure change at constant volume and then the volume change at ‘constant pressure. iii, In-which case will the work done be more?T H.S.C. Model Question Paper MODEL QUESTION PAPER - | CHEMISTRY ‘Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70 General Instructions: viii The question paper is divided into four sections. Section A: Q.No.I contains Ten multiple choice type of questions carrying One mark each. Q.No.2 contains Eight very short answer type of questions carrying One mark each. Section B: Q.No.3 to Q. No. 14 contains ‘Twelve short answer type of questions carrying Two marks each Section C: Q.No.15 to Q. No. 26 contains Twelve short answer type of questions carrying Three marks each Section D: Q.No. 27 t0 Q. No. 31 contains Five long answer type of questions carrying Four marks each Use of log table is allowed. Lise af calculator is not allawed Figures to the right indicate full marks. Answers to the questions of section A, B, C and D should be written in the same answer book. For each MCQ, correct answer must be written along with its alphabet, Fe. @) ib) He) wa) Only first attempt will he considered for evaluation. Draw well labeled diagrams and write balanced equations wherever necessary. Every new section must be started on a new page: Given data Atomic mass of C= 12, H= 1, 0= 16, Atomic number (Z): Mn = 25, Fe=26, Ce=58, Ar= 18, 314) K mol! or 0.083 L bar K mol Qu vi Select and write the correct answer: [10] For pH > 7, the hydronium ion concentration would be (A) 10°M (B) <10’M © >0’M () >10’M (CH,OH ~ CO - (CHOH), ~ CH.OH is an example of (A) aldohexose (B) _aldoheptose (©) Ketotetrose (D) _ketoheptose a, CH; -CH=CH, The major product of the above reaction is, (A) 1-C] CH=CH, (B) CH; ~CH; ~CH3I © a ame (D) CGH i I T OH Which is the most resistant alcohol towards oxidation reaction among the following? (A) CH CH OH (B) (CHy:CH-OH (© (CH),C- 0H ©) cH.cH-OH Cryoscopie constant depends on CHs (A) _ nature of solvent (B) nature of solute (C) _ nature of solution (D) number of solvent molecules ‘A gas is allowed to expand in a well insulated container against a constant extemal pressure of 2.5 bar from an initial volume of 2.5 L to a final volume of 4.5 L. The change in intemal energy, ‘AU of the gas will be A) S007 (8) +5005 (© 10135 (D) + 10135 21T Chemistry Which of the following have d’s” configuration? (A) Se (B) Ti" ov (D) Allof the above viii. Chlorine reacts with excess of fluorine to form (A) CF (B) CIF; © ar (D) Chr: ix. Aldol condensation is (A) electrophilic substitution reaction (B) nucleophilic substitution reaction (© climination reaction (D) addition - climination reaction x. Which of the following is made up of polyamides? (A) Dacron (B) Rayon © Nylon (D) Jue Q2_ Answer the followi 18] i, Write the relationship between conductivity and molar conductivity and hence unit of molar conductivity ‘or the reaction, — what isthe relationship among {Nal 1H] yng lNH] 5 For the reaction, Nay) + 3Haj— INH, wha is the rlationship among AN) AH ang Nt ili, Write the structure of isoprene. iv. Define green chemistry. vy, Drawa neat diagram for the zwitter ion vi. Write probable electronic corifigurations of chromium. vii, Name the Lewis acids and bases in-the complex [PiCl(NFs):} viii, State Markovnikov’s rule Attempt any Eight: [16] Q.3. Write a note on Stephen reaction Q4. A solution of citric acid CHO; in 50 g of acetic acid has a boiling point elevation of 1.76 K. If Ky for acetic acid is 3.07 K kg mol ', what is the molality of solution? Q.5. Comment on the statement: no work is involved in an expansion of gas in vacuum. 6. Predict the major product in the following reactions H H I i HO 4) =o ese Q7. Why salts of Sc*, Ti"*, V* are colourless? Q.8. Write the chemical reactions involved in manufacture of Nylon 6,6 Q9. How many moles of electrons are passed when 0.8 ampere current is passed for 1 hour through ‘molten CaCl? Q.10. Distinguish between ionic solids and molecular solids. QU. The half fife of first order reaction is 990». If dhe initial comcenttation of dhe reackant is 0,08 mol dm*, what concentration would remain after 35 minutes? Q.12. Give reasons: Haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes. Q.13. Give the reagents and conditions necessary to prepare phenol from i. Chlorobenzene ji, Benzene sulfonic acid.T H.S.C. Model Question Paper Q.14. An aleoholic compound was found to have molecular mass of 90 u. It was acetylated. Molecular mass of the acetyl derivative was found to be 174 u. How many alcoholic (OH) groups must be present in the original compound? SECTION C Attempt any Eight: 24) QS. Derive Ostwald’s dilution law for CH;COOH. Q.16 22 g of CO; are compressed isothermally and reversibly at 298 K from initial pressure of 100 kPa ‘when the work obtained is 1.2 kJ. Find the final pressure. Q.17. Explain why phenol is more acidic than ethyl aleobol. QUIS. The density of iridium is 22.4 g/cm’. The unit cell of iridium is fee. Caleulate the radius of iridium atom, Molar mass of iridium is 192.2 g/mol Q.19, Define the following terms: i Nanoscience ii, Nanotechnolozy iii, Nanomaterial Q.20., Using Raoult’s law, how will you show that AP = Rix," Where, x» is the mole fraction of solute in the solution and P} vapour pressure of pure solvent Q.21. Write IUPAC names of the following, i Br HC. | Sci CHs~CH-CHs HyC~ iii, CH)-CH=CH~CH,CI Q.22. What is zeroth order reaction? Derive Q.23, Write a note on Cannizzaro reaction. Q.24. What is the action of following on SO? i Ch Oo: iii, | NaQH Q.25. State the properties of interstitial compounds, integrated rate law. What are the units of rate constant? Q.26. i, Whats difference between a double salt anda complex? Give an example. ii, Whatis the shape of a complex in which the coordination number of central metal ion is 4? SECTION D Attempt any Three: 112) Q27. i. Using the relationship AG? of cell reaction and the standard potential associated with it, how ‘will you show that the electrical potential is an intensive property? ii, Sketch the diagram of standard hydrogen electrode. Q.28. Write the names and structural formulae of oxoacids of chlorine. Q.29. Predict the product of the following reaction. Nitrobenzene SH, 9 ii, Explain, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis. Q30. What is the stable oxidation state of plutonium? ii, What are cationic, anionic and neutral complexes? Give one example of each, Q31. i, Dissociation constant of acetic acid is 1.8 x 10-*, Calculate percent dissociation of acetic acid in 0,01 M solution. ii, Obtain the expression for work done in chemical reaction.T H.S.C. Model Question Paper MODEL QUESTION PAPER — MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS Time: 3 Hours ‘Total Marks: 80 General Instruction: The question paper is divided into FOUR sections. 1. Section A: Q.1 contains Eight multiple choice questions carying Two marks cach 2 contains Four very short answer type questions carrying One mark each 2, Section B: contains Twelve short answer type questions carrying Two marks cach, (Attempt any Eight) ion C: contains Twelve short answer type questions carying Three marks cach, (Attempt any Eight) 3S e 4. Section Dz contains Eight long answer type questions carrying Four marks each (Attempt any Five) 5. Use of log table is allowed. Use of calculator is not allowed. 6, Figures to the right indicate full marks, 7. Use of graph paper is not necessary. Only rough sketch of graph is expected. 8 Foreach MCQ, correct answer must be wfitten along with its alphabet: e.g.(a). 3) 1) i@ Only first attempt will be considered for evaluation. 9, Start answers to each section on a new page, SECTION- A Q.L. Select and write the most appropriate answer from the given alternatives for each sub-question: i, Inverse of statement pattern (p v y) > (p 4 4) is [16] (A) ~ra>@va (B) ~pva)> (pra) © Cpr-a>Cpv~-a ©) Gpv~ad>Cpr~a@ vwa=[} 2 antag ad =1 ben te ois (A) 2 @) 2 © 10 @) -10 (A) 30° or 60° (B) 45° or 60° (C) 90° or 30° (D) 60° or 120° Ll y42 2-3 3) kT iv. Ifthe line 7 = a = zis perpendicular to the line ~ , then the value of k is u u 4 cy) ® © © 4 ' pes D ae © ne : W Ste B Ste © [rt]ete @ xerte vi. _ The area bounded by the region | 5,x-+y23,x20, 720. Prove that : fi? =a'de= = VP =a Seale VP te 2 A wire of length / is cut into two parts. One partis bent into a circle and the other into a square. Show that the sum of the areas of the circle and the square is least, ifthe radius of the circle is half the side of the square. Show that: f(ayde= frcayde+ faa yds Five cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shufiled deck of 52 cards, Find the probability that i, all the five cards are spades. ii, only 3 cards are spades. iii, none isa spade,T H.S.C. Model Question Paper Tim MODEL QUESTION PAPER — | BIOLOGY 3 Hours ‘Total Marks: 70 General Instructions: The question paper is divided into four sections. Section A: Q.No.1 contains Ten multiple choice type of questions carrying One mark each, QNo? contains Fight very short answer type of questions carrying One mark each Section B: Q.No.3 to QNNo.14 are short answer type of questions carrying Two marks each. Section C: Q.No.15 to Q.No.26 contains are short answer type of questions carrying Three marks each. Section D: Q.No.27 to Q.No.31 are long answer type of questions carrying Four marks each, Figures to the right indicate fall marks For each MCQ, correct answer must be written along with its alphabet Eg. (a), b). M0) (a. Only first attempt will be considered for evaluation. SECTION A Qu. Select and write the correct answer: 10 i.” When pollen tube enters ovule through integuments itis called as. (A) syngamy (B) porogamy. (©) chalazogamy — (D)_mesogamy ii, Rupturing of follctes and discharge of ova is known as (A) capacitation —(B)__ gestation (ovulation (D) copulation Water absorption takes place through (A) lateral roots (B) root cap (©) root hair (D) primary root iv. Select an appropriate plant hormone responsible for apical dominance from the following. (A) Auxins (B) Ethylene (©) Gibberellins “ (D)Cytokinins v isa sound producing organ (@) Larynx (B) Pharynx (©) Tonsils (D) Trachea Vi. Hormones thyroxine, adrenaline and nor adrenaline are formed trom (A) Glycine (B) Arginine (©) Omithine (D) Tyrosine Vii. ‘The antiviral proteins released by a virus-infected cell are called (A) _histamines (B) interferons (©) pytogens (D) allergens is a method in which crops are bred for having higher levels of vitamins, minerals and fats ice better nutritive value. (A) _ Biofortification (B) Bioinformatics (©) Bioremediation (D) Biomagnification Antibody producing plasma cells are derived from (A) Memory T-cells (B) Suppressor T-cells (©) Helper T-cells (D) B-lymphocytes ‘The muscular structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity is (A) pleura (B) diaphragm (©) trachea () cpithetium 2. Answer the following: 18} Name the parts of pistil which develop into fruits and seeds. How we can calculate the length of DNA molecule? Define Gene frequency. 51t we iv. How epiphytic plants absorb water? What io role of gibberellin in rozette planto? vi, Name the organ which prevents the entry of food into the trachea while eating. vii. What is ecological hierarchy? SECTION B Attempt any Eight: [16] Vili, Define ceological succession. Q.3. Enlist the adaptations in chiropterophilous flowers. Q44. Differentiate between monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross. QS. Write a short note on cloverleaf structure of (RNA. Q66. Enlist any four factors responsible for genetic variations, Q7. Write any four properties of water which makes it a significant molecule that connects physical world with biological processes. Q.8. Write any four physiological effects and applications of Cytokinin Q9. Distinguish between active immunity and passive immunity. Q.10, Write the objectives considered for breeditia programs used in biofortification. QL. Draw neat and labelled diagram of steps involved in PCR. Q.12. Give reason: Adaptations in living being with different environments serve as basis for diversity. Q.13. Complete the following table. Restriction Source End product Enzyme (Organism and strain) produced Alul “@ Blunt ends @) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A Sticky ends BeoRi Escherichia-coli RY13 © Sticky ends —GTCIG ACT Hind 1H. influenza Ra FOCAL CTGLS! wo) Q.14, How Indian culture and traditions helped in bio-diversity conservation? SECTION C Attempt any Bight [24] QUIS. Give a brief account on syphilis with respect to the following points: i, Causative agent Incubation period iii, Site of infection iv. Symptoms v. Preventive measures vi, Treatment Q.16, Explain any three characteristics of genetic code. Q.17, Explain pre-mating or pre-zygotic isolating mechanism giving any three types. QUI8, Describe any three types of water present in soil Q.19. Define growth hormones, Enlist the growth hormones present in plants. Q.20. i, Describe the structure of haemoglobin, ii, What happens afier the process of haemolysis?FF H.S.C. Model Question Paper Q21. i. Name the structural and functional unit of nervous system. ii Write a note on neural tissues, Q.22. Identify the following plant species and write a short note on its use as biofertilizers. 1 Le Q.23. Explain the mechanism underlying the insect resistance in plants produced using rDNA technology. Q.24, Describe any three important characteristics ofa pepulation. Q.25. Write information about the meninges of human brain. Q.26. Describe the different communities involved in the process of succession. Attempt any Three: 112) Q.27, Draw neat and labelled diagram of anatropous ovule and explain its any four parts, Q.28. With the help of suitable diagram describe the permaneitt methods of birth control to avoid pregnancy. Q.29, State Mendel’s law of independent assortment and explain it with’a dihybrid cross, Q.30. Sketch and label the heart wall and pericardium, Explain the structure of heart wall. Q31. Observe the following diagram and answer the questions based on it. — ee Pre-synaptic Synaptic end bulb“ channel Cytoplasm ‘Synaptic vesicles Ligand-gated channel open Postsynaptic —« Past-synaptic > Nerve neuron potential ——> "impulse ‘Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter receptor Ligand-gated ‘channel closed ‘What do the synaptic vesicles contain? ii, What process is used to release the neurotransmitter? ‘What should be the reason for the next impulse to be conducted?MODEL ANSWER PAPERST Physics. Qu Q2. MODEL ANSWER PAPER — | PHYSICS seciion must be written on a new page SECTION A (© auxiliary battery only (B) 30 () 200Wo No=NBA = 100x405 =200 Wb (A) linear (D) Both (A) and (©) (B) S6cal (A) the potential difference increases. (©) current and e.m.f- are in phase (A) Lyman series (D) varies directly with imensity The circulating currents induced in a metal block, when it is placed or moved in a changing, magnetic field are called eddy currents The wave is moving in direction of positive X-axis, The fraction of sample that is left alter disintegration is, we -(2)-(2) -()°-()-3 Ifthe angular acceleration « is constant and is along the axis of rotation, then all 6, @ and @ will be directed along the same axis. For a common base connection, I= Ip +e Ip=Te—Ie 11-107 0.3mA Tesla(T) is the SI unit of magnetic field. If the force F is 1 N acting on the charge of 1 C moving with a speed of | ms"' perpendicular to B then magnetic field is said to be | tesla a uh uh uh uy) oi uh uh i) uw uy ih uw ah ul uhT H.S.C. Model Answer Paper Q3. Qa. The mean square speed of the molecules ofthe gas is, BRT M, Vat Hence, the mean square speed of molecules of the gas decreases in same proportion with the decrease in temperature. a Potential gradient is defined as potential difference per unit length of wire. ul Easy Solution: Given: i For frequency, o=2m n- f= te 2 ii For period, o- BE T T% 221 Consider the electric Field produced by a charge +q kept at point O. A unit positive charge (#90) is present in vieinity is moved towards charge +q through small distance da. As direction of electric field of charge +q-is outward, displacement dx is in direction opposite to field as shown in figure below. As electrostatic force is along I, work done is AW = Fk =-Fax = -Bdx ‘Negative sign indicates displacement of charge isin direction opposite to field But dW =aV x qo=dV charge) Potential difference between M and N, AV =F Vv a Thus the electric field ata point in an electric field is the negative of the potential gradient at that point, (2)Q6. a7 Qs. i, T Physics. ‘An ideal fluid has the following properties Itis incompressible ie, its density is constant Its flow is irotational i., its flow is smooth with no turbulences in the flow. It is non-viscous i.e. there is no intemal friction in the flow and hence the fluid has no viscosity. Its flow is steady ic, its velocity at each point is constant in time. 2h For a monatomic gas enclosed in a container, held at a constant temperature T and containing N, atoms, each atom has only 3 translational dof. Therefore, average eneigy per atom is 2kyT and the total inteinal energy per mole is, E= ANgksT 2 Molar specific heat at constant volume Cy= E = Sko= 2R a2 2 Using Mayer's relation, Cy = K+ Cy. o=2R 2 21 Solution: Given £=25 Hy; ig 2 To find: Time required’ () Formuta: isin ot Caleulation: From formula, Td =igsin Qex25x1t) — ...Cr@=2nfy 1 E = sin (500 9 Ha Ord sin | 2 |= sin(Sox (g)-sncep ‘On comparing, we get 50 xt= (3) 4 1 3 sb =sxi's 200 ‘Ans: ‘he time required for the alternating current to change its value fom zero to rms 1s Sx 10s, R) Frequency of conical pendulum depends a following factors: a. Length of pendulum (L): Frequency of conical pendulum increases with decrease in Jength of pendulum. 1 ene b. Acceleration due to gravity (g): Frequency of conical pendulum increases with increase in g.ie..n% Je ©. Angle of inclination (@): As @ increases, cos 0 decreases, hence, frequency of ‘conical pendulum increases with increase in 8. (For 0<0, es om Commutator PENT pa ding eye) ‘Variable potential source ic of experimental set-up for photoelectric effect iii, | The emitter and collector are connected toa voltage source whose voltage can be changed and fo an ammeter to measure the current in the circuitQ30. Q3L T A potential difference of V, as measured by the voltmeter, is maintained between the emitter E and collector C. Generally, C (the anode) is ata positive potential with respect 10 the emitter E (the cathode).This potential difference can be varied and C can even be at negative potential with respect to E. ‘When the anode potential (V) is positive, it accelerates the electrons. This potential is called accelerating potential, When the anode potential (V) is negative, it retards the flow of electrons. This potential is known as retarding potential A soutee S of monochromatic light of sufficiently high frequeney (short wavelength < 10-" m) is used a. Consider a segment of infinitesimal length d/ along the wire as shown in figure below: with arbitrary shape b. If Tin the current flowing, the magnetic force due (© perpendicular magnetic field B (coming out of the plane of the paper) is given by dFa=1dlxB ¢. The foreg on the total lenath of wires Fax fale=1fd 5B 4. If B is uniform over the whole wire then, =1 [fa] 8 This is the required relation, Solution: Given 1=12A,]= 1m, B=55 «10° Woim’, 0=90° Tofind: Force (F) Formula: F=1B sin Calculation: From formula. ; Fe 12x 1x55 x 10° x sin 90° =12x1x55x10?x1 : F = 0.066 N Ans: The foree acting on the conductor is 0.066 N. The state of a system can be changed from initial to final in different ways. a. Consider the system changes its state from A to B as shown in figure (a), Physics. 41 2) I]T H.S.C. Model Answer Paper b. In this case, the volume increases io V; from the point A up to the point C at the ‘constant pressure p;. ©. After point C, the pressure of the system decreases to pr at constant volume as shown in the figure (a). 4. The system thus, reaches its final state B with co-ordinates (Vi, p,). Work done in this process is represented by the shaded area under the curve in figure (a) a. Consider the system changes its state from A to B as shown in figure (b). b. Im this case, the pressure decreases from p, to prat constant volume V; along the path AD. ©. After point Dy the volume of the system increases:to Vr. at constant pressure Pr as shown in figure (b) 4. Work done in this"process is represented by the shaded arca under the curve in figure (b). From figures (a) and (b) we ean conclude that the work done is more when the system follows path ACB than the work done by the system along the path ADB. 41in Chemistry Qh Q2 128 MODEL ANSWER PAPER — | CHEMISTRY vii, viii Inswer fo every section must be written on a new pas SECTION A (B) uy u © 1 © uy ©) Mm © u) Since the container is insulated, this is an adiabatic process. For adiabatic process, AU =+W =~ Pext AV =~ Pext(V2=V1) Initial volume (V1) = 2.5L =2.5-dm3- Final volume (V2)= 4,5 L=4.5.dm3. Extemal pressure (Pext AU = W =~ 2.5 bar = (4.5 dm3— 2.5 dm3) ==5.0.dm3 bar x 1001 Tam? bar =~500J o a ®) it @) in © in a. The molar conductivity of the given solution is related to conductivity as 4 = © b. The SI units of k are Sm” and that of ¢ are mol m®, Hence, the SI units of A is $m! mol m The relationship among 22) 41th] yg AN) js ANI _ 1 WW a dt at a3 Asoprene: HC = C—C = CH It CH: H (isoprene) Ea tu Green chemistry is the use of chemistry for pollution prevention by environmentally conscious design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. tyT H.S.C. Model Answer Paper Q3. Q4. Qs. fi Q6 fi Zwitter ion structure can be represented as follows: Lone pair can bond to a proton i 9 {l + boys I 1 carboxyl group eee Zwiter ion i The probable (expected) electronic configuration of chromium is 1s” 2s” 2p* 3s” 3p 3d* 4s? or [Ar] 3d" 4s’. tl) Lewis acid: Platinum (II) ion, (Pt’*) Lewis bases: Chloride ion (CI), ammonia (NH3) a When an unsymmetrical reagent is added to an unsymmetrical alkene, the negative part (-X) of the reagent gets attached to the carbon atom which carries less number of hydrogen atoms, U1 SECTION B Nitriles are reduced to imine hydrochloride by stannous ‘chloride in presence of hydrochloric acid which om acid hydrolysis give corresponding aldehydes. This reaction is called Stephen reaction, R-C=N+2[H] "35 R=HC=NHHCL —82" R - CHO +NH.CI ‘Alkane nitrile Inine hydrocilorde ‘Aldehyde © HyC-C=N+2[H] 815 CH) —HC=NHHCI CH; —CHO +NH,CI Ethaneniteile Fasimine hycrochloride Ethanal QI Given Henty’s law constant = K » 4.27 x 10-° mm" Hg mol dm”, Pressure of the gas = P = 760mm He Tofind: Solubility of methane (S) Formula: S=KxP Calculation: K =4.27 x 107 mi-“Hg mol dm=*=4.27 x 10° x 760 atm-* mol dm? 245.2 x 10° atm! mol dm-*= 3.245 x 10 atm mol dm-* mm P= 760mm Hg = atm=1 ig 222 atm= I atm By Henry’s law, S=K x P=3.245 x 10? atm! mol dm x 1 atm=3.245 x 10? mol dm* Ans: Solubility of methane is 3.245 x 10* mol dm”, [21 {A firee expansion means expansion against zero opposing foree. Such expansion occurs in vacuum, ‘When the gas expands in vacuum, there is no opposing foree, that is, Py = 0. The work done by a system during such expansion is W =~ Pay AV =0, Thus, no work is done when the gas expands freely in vacuum, 2) I {bo satan. wo )-co0n 4LHydroxyeyelohexane 4. Hydronyeyelohexane carboxylic acid carbaldehyder Q7, Qs. Q9. Quo. Chemistry 4H i. Qyrcu-cu-b-0 see, “ Oo =CH-COoH 3:Phenytpop eal Cinnamic cid snyiprop- Sena G-phenylprop-2-enoic acid) RI Condensed electronic configurations of Ss", Ti'*, V"* are: Sc: [Ar] 34°, Ti": [Ar] 34°; Vv": [Ar] 3d" The ions Se*’, Ti* and V*" have completely empty d-orbitals i.e., no unpaired electrons are present. Thus, their salts are colourless, as d-d transitions are not possible. [21 Mixing of the two monomers forms nylon salt, which upon condensation polymerization under conditions of high temperature and pressure give the polyamide fibre, nylon 6.6. al are a n HOOC ~ (CH;),~ COOH + n HN ~ (CH)¢~NH)—> n[ 0 ~ CCH. 3¢ C-OH, N-€CHSITNH,] (adipic acid) (hexamethylene fey {aylon salt) H I) IL | —ssieeets $C — (CH), C-NH 4CH2)s-N4, ° (aylon 6.6) (21 Given: Current (D)=0.8 ampere, Time (= I hour = 1% 60 * 60 s = 3600 s To find: No, of moles of electrons passed through molten CaCl: Formulae: i, Quatity of electricity passed = 1(A)x't(s) ji, No. of moles of electrons passed = Calculation: Using formula (i), Quantity of electricity passed ~ 1(A)~t¢s)~ 0.83600 = 2880 C Using formula (i), QO ___ 2880 96500(C 7 mol 596500(C/ mol &*) = 0.03 mol & Any: Number of moles of electrons passed through molten CaCl is 0.03 mol e (21 No. of moles of electrons passed = No. Tonic solids Molecular solids The constituent particles are charged ions (cations and anions). ‘The constituent particles are monoatomie or polyatomic molecules. The constituent particles are held by electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions, ‘The constituent particles are held by intermolecular forces of attractions such as London forces, dipole-dipole forces and/or hydrogen bonds. ii iv. They are hard and brittle. They have high melting points. They are sof. They have low melting points. They are nonconductors of electricity in solid state. However, they are good conductors when melted or dissolved in water. They are poor conductors of electricity. eg. NaCl, CaF3, ete. Ice, benzoic acid, ete. [Any four distinguishing points] PIT H.S.C. Model Answer Paper Qu QR. Q3. Qua. Qus Given. Half life (t,2) = 990 s, Initial concentration = [A]p = 0.08 mol dm-* Tofind: —Concentration=[Ak Formulae; i, k= 2098 ii, 230% 0g, Ab t [A], F 0.693 taleulation: 0698 Ly Caleutatior ee 0.6383 = 4 Ans: The concentration of reactant that remains after 35 min is 0.0184 mol dm”, [2] The low reactivity of aryl halides is due to resonance effect and sp" hybrid state of carbon to which halogen atom is attached. In aryl halides, one of the lone pairs of electrons on halogen atom is in conjugation with x-electrons of the ring. Due to resonance, the C-X bond acquires partial double bond character. Thus, the C-X bond.in-haloarenes-is. stronger and shorter than haloalkanes. Hence, it is difficult to break C-X bond in haloarenes. (eg. C-CI bond length in chlorobenzene is 169 pm as compared toC-Cl bond length in alkyl chloride which is 178 pm). ‘Therefore, haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes. RI Reagents and conditions required to prepare phenol from: Chlorobenzene Reagents: NaOH, dil HCI Conditions: Temperature 623 K and Pressure 150 atm Benzene sulphonic acid Reagents: NaOH, Solid NaOH. dil HCL Conditions: Temperature 573 K [21 In acetylation reaction H atom of an (OH) group is replaced by an acetyl group (COCHS). This results increase in molecular amass by [(12+16+1273%1)-1], datas, 42 u. In the given alcohol, increase in molecularmass = 174 u—90u = 84 u Number of - OH groups =2 pl SECTION C Consider an equilibrium of weak acid CH;COOH that exists in solution partly as the undissociated species CHsCOOH and partly H’ and CH;COO” ions. Then CH{COOH a) —— Hin, + CH,COO,,, The acid dissociation constant is given as: K, = [HLICH,COO] a [CH,COOH) ‘Suppose 1 mol of acid CH;COOH is initially present in volume V dm’ of the solution, At equilibrium, the fraction dissociated would be a, where a is degree of dissociation of the acid. The fraction of an acid that remains undissociated would be (1 ~ a). CHsCOOM gg) —— Mig) | CHCOO; 4, “Amount present at equilibrium (mol) Concentration at equilibrium (mol dm-*) (-a) « a Vv VvT Chemistry Qi6. Qu. ‘Thus, at equilibrium [CHsCOOH] ‘mol dm, [H'] =[CHCOO | oT ‘mol dm * ‘Substituting these in equation (1), (wiv\aiv) Keo Tay Tay o fc is the initial concentration of CHsCOOH in mol dm and V is the volume in dm’ mot"! then c= I/V. Replacing 1/V in equation (2) by ¢, we get - +B) For the weak acid CH;COOH, a is very small, or (1 ~ a) = 1 With this equation (2) and (3) becomes: 4) =) ‘The equation (5) implies that the degree of dissociation of a weak acid (CH;COOH) is inversely proportional to the square root of its concentration or directly proportional to the square root of volume of the solution containing 1 mol of the weak acid. BI Given: Mass of CO: =22-¢ ‘Temperature = T= 298 K. Initial pressure = Pj = 100 kPa Work done on system = Wax = 1.2 KI To find: Final pressure =P Formula: Was — 2.303 aRT tog Caleulation: Number of moles of COs 0.5 mol Weak = 1.2 KI = 12003 Gas constant = R= 8.3143. K™ mol! Now. using formula, B Wom =-2.303 nRT logo 100 kPa 1200 J = 2,303 » 0.5 mel * 8.314 J K' mol ' ¥ 298 K * logyo’ 100 kPa =1200 loge “p"Ta0aK0Snesaxaee ~—04206 100 kPa amtilogio (-0.4206) = 0.3797 Pp, = WOKPS = 263.4 kPa 03797 Ans: The final pressure is 263.4 kPa. (31 Difference in acidio charactor of phenols and aleohols is dus to differenes in reactivity of these compounds towards ionization of O-H bond. This can be explained as follows Tonization of alcohols is represented by the following equilibrium R-OH+H,0 == R-O +H,0" Alcohol AtkoxideT H.S.C. Model Answer Paper Qs. Electron donating inductive effect (+ effect) of alkyl group destabilizes the alkoxide ion (the conjugate base of alcohol). As a result, alcohol does not ionize much in water, and behaves like neutral compound in aqueous medium, H OH Giycosiie yy OH linkage a-D-Glucopyranose a-D-Giucopyranose 4-0-(a-D-Glucopyranosy))-D-glucopyranose Maltose(-anomer) -H - +10 = +H," Sh G5 Phenoxide ion, the conjugate base of phenol, is resonance stabilized by delocalization of the negative charge, Therefore, phenol ionizes in aqueous medium to a moderate extent, and thereby shows a weak acidic character. BI Gwen Type of unit cel is fee, Density of iridium (p) = 22.4 g/em* Molar mass of iridium = 1922 g/mol To.find: Rains of iri atom () Formulae: i, Density (p) “ fi, For fee unit cell, r= 0.3535 a Calculation: For fee unit cell, n= 4. Using formula (i), M Density (9)= ary 2.4 pom? = —1922.amol4 atom 6.02210" atom mol ® 192244 2Eax 602 ae Bt 9224x107 Bax6Maae V 24x60 224x602 = [ERA ys 224x602 = 3.849 x 10cm = 384.9 pmT Chemistry Using formula (i), 535 a 535 * 384.9 pm. 1357 pm = 136pm Radius of iridium atom (r) is 136 pm. BI Q.19.| i | Nanoscience: Nanoscience is the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. ul fi, | Nanotechnology: Nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at nanometer scale. ul ‘Nanomaterial: The nanomaterial is a material having structural components with at least one dimension in the nanometer scale, that is, 1-100 nm. ui Q.20.| i, | Raoult’s law expresses the quantitative relationship between vapour pressure of solution and vapour pressure of solvent. ii, | Insolutions of nonvolatile solutes, the law is applicable only to the volatile solvent. iii. | ‘The law states that, “the vapour pressure of solvent over the solution is equal to the vapour _pressure of pure solvent multiplied by its mole fractiorvin the solution.” iv, | Suppose that for a binary solution containing solvent and one nonvolatile solute, P1 is the ‘vapour pressure of solvent over the solution, x, and x are the mole fractions of solvent and solute, respectively and P) is the vapour pressure of pure solvent, then, Py = P!x, v. | Since, x = 1-2, Py= Pix= Pil x2) =P = Pay PI Pi = Psy AP= Pix, (APis the lowering of vapour pressure) BI Q21.| i, | 2+Bromopropane i ii, | 14odo-2-methylpropane [1] iii, | 1-Chlorobut-2-ene, ty Q.22.| i. | Reactions in which rate is independent of the reactant concentration are zeroth order reaction. ii, Integrated rate law for zero order reactions: For zero order reaction, A> P the differential rate law is given by A rate=— “41 _ yay, =k L Tay HA () Rearrangement of Eq, (1) gives dA] =-k dt Ar =1 Integration between the limits [A] =[A]o att=Oand [A] =[A} at t= t gives i ; or [Ak = [A]o== Kt Hence, kt=[A]p~ [Ah 2) iii. | The unit of rate constant for the zero order reaction is mol dm (1 Q23, Cannizzaro reaction: i. | This reaction is given only by aldchydes having no a-hydrogen atom. ii, | Aldehydes undergo self -oxidation and reduction reaction on heating with concentrated alkali,T H.S.C. Model Answer Paper Q24. Q25. | i. Q.26. | i. Q27. i. In Cannizzaro reaction, one molecule of an aldehyde is reduced to alcohol and at the same time second molecule is oxidized to carboxylic acid salt. Thus, reaction is an example of disproportionation reaction. ce 5 u Il I - i} a 2H-C-H + NaOH + H-C-O Na’ + H-C-OH Formaldehyde Sodium Sodium formate | hydroxide (509%) ss Metin \ t cy hy CH, - OH bo? Cr © _ ema o~ ‘CO ote Possuunbewose rhein Meuylaetl Action of Cl, on SO,: Sulfur (catalyst) to form sulfuryl chloride $02) + Chay) 2+ $OChip Sulfur Chlorine Sulfuryt dioxide chloride ‘de reacts with chlorine in the presence of charcoal Action of O, on SO,: Sulfur dioxide is oxidised by dioxygen in presence of vanadium (V) oxide to give sulfir trioxide: 2SOzje) + Oxy) 22> 2805) Sulfur ‘Suliur dioxide trioxide Action of NaOH on SOs: Sulfur dioxide readily reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium sulfite. 2NaQH + SO; —> NaxSO) + HO Sealium Sodium hydroxide sulfite They are hard and good conductors of heat and electricity ‘Theis chemical prupeitics ave similar wy dhe parent suet. Their melting points are higher than the pure metals. ‘Their densities are less than the parent metal. ‘The metallic carbides are chemically inert and extremely hard as diamond, Hydrides of transition metals are used as powerful reducing agents, ‘A double salt dissociates in water completely into simple ions, whereas a coordination complex dissociates in water with at east one complex ion. e.g. Mohr’s salt, FeSO,(NH;):0,,6H0 isa double salt while K,[Fe(CN).] is a complex. A complex with coordination number four has tetrahedral or square planner structure SECTION D Under standard state conditions, electrical work done in galvanic cell is given by AG? =-nF Ey AG? is an extensive property since its value depends on the amount of substance. If the stoichiometric equation of redox reaction is multiplied by 2, that is, the amount of substances oxidised and reduced are doubled, AG’ doubles. The moles of electrons transferred also doubles. BI a a BI (2) tlT Chemistry dieu Leones, ace Thus, Ey remains the same by multiplying the redox reaction by 2. It means E2y is independent of the amount of substance and is an intensive property, PI 1 I —_ I ae Pure and dry Hy | [—* gasat atm | Glass jacket | Vessel—) ' ‘Mercury I Platinum ES ' wire f= : | Solution of Platinised—— | HF ions (IM) platinum plate! 1 1 t { v (2) Q.28. | i, | Hypochlorous agid, HOC! HOCIO or HCIO: ° ° HO Ny cc NF Chiorie acid, HCIO, iv, Perchlorie acid, HCIO, ° 0: Va -O~. t = H Ne ee deo (4) 2k No; Ni o} + fh] me, Oo + 2H,0 Nitrobenzene Aniline This method is used for the synthesis of primary amine. It involves the following three stages, ii a. Formation of potassium salt of phthalimide from phthalimide on reaction with alcoholic potassium hydroxide. 9 i aA sso S a “Hy? 0 PhialimideT H.S.C. Model Answer Paper Q30, Q3L b. Formation of N-alkyl phthalimide from the potassium salt by reaction with alkyl halide, N-Alkyiphthalimide ¢. Alkaline hydrolysis of N-alkyl phthalimide to form the corresponding primary ame oO I CN . dove CIC ON ka od +R-N ¢ aes oO Sodium ital The stable oxidation state of plutonium is ~4. ‘On the basis of charge on complex ion coordination complex is classified as: a. Cationic complex: 4 positively charged coordination sphere or a coordination compound having a positively charged coordination sphere is called cationic ‘complex or cationic sphere complex. eg. [Zn(NH5),l” b. Anionic complex: 4 negatively charged coordination sphere or a coordination compound having negatively charged coordination sphere is called anionic complex or anionic sphere complex. eg. [Fe(CN)s] c. Neutral sphere complexes: A coordination complex which does not possess cationic or anionic sphere are neutral complexes or neutral sphere complexes. eg. [Ni(CO)s} Given: Dissociation constant (K. Tofind: Percent dissociation Formulae: i. Ky=@e fi, Pereemt dissociation ~u » 100, Calculation: ¢= 0.01 M= 1 x 107M sing formula (i, 8x 10°, Concentration (c) OM 4242 x 107 Using formule Gi, Percent dissociation = a x 100 = 4.242 x 10 x 100= 4.242% Ans: Percent dissociation of 0.01 M acetic acid solution is 4.242%, a. The work done by a system at constant temperature and pressure is given by W=Pea AV i) b. Assuming Pex = P, W=-PAV =P (V2-Vi) W=-PV2+ PV 2) 13} i} BI [2]e T chemistry Ifthe gases were ideal, at constant temperature and pressure., PV) =n)RT and PV>=mRT 20) Substitution of equation (3) into equation (2) yields W=-mRT+nRT == (m—n) RT =—An, RT 4) 2) ‘The equation (4) gtves the work done by the system in chemical reactions.T Mathematics and Statistics MODEL ANSWER PAPER — I MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS SECTION A i | © Cpr-a>erv-@ (21 ii, | By -2 2) iii, | (D) 60° or 120° 2) wv) @ 2 21 v. | @ Ste (21 vic | (A) 1259. units (21 vii,| @) 2,3 (21 1 will) (A) 35 21 Hints: i. Inverse of p> qis~p—>=q Inverse of [(p v q) > (p-ag)] =-(Pya) > (Pag ~PA~@—>(~pv~a) ii, | A(adj A)= |A\t where I is a unit matrix. 1 3 4| ial | iii, | cos’ a + cos” B + cos’ y c. | €05° 60° + cos’ 45° + cos (s+ Ly cet J+ beos?y=1 at teoty 1 cos y= +4 08 = > Since lines are perpendicular, ajay | bib: | ce = 0T H.S.C. Model Answer Paper 3k+12+k-1=0 4k=—11 . [ - fer[Ha) + P(e) are" (3) +] vi. | Required area = [sdx—j2de =20-8 = 12 sq. units By definition of order and degree, Order : 2 and degree : 3 viii P(X|<1)=PC1 1=2 So, the particle reaches an acceleration of |4 fU’ sec* in 2 seconds. PI Let I= Joos’ x de Bflt- cosas) de suf '? 605 20=2 c0s” 0-1]T Mathematics and Statistics 12, 13, 4, jax +4 feos 2x dr 1g (sin2x) Axe 5. (029) 5, 2722 7° Lertsinay +e £09 a ceos(xe") Let Putxo" Differentiating w. .t.x, we get (ce! Fe I)dr= dt (1 +3)de= dt 1 oat = foc tat =log|sect + tan] +e = log |see(xe") + um (xe")] + [fen repens tc Given equation of the curve is, oa yee In first quadrant, y > 0} Required area = area of the region OBSAQ y = 2(area of the region OSA) =2[yae =2[Vede x ne 2 21 2) 2H.S.C. Model Answer Paper as [2] SECTION C 15. Let p : Surface area decreases. 4: Pressure increases. The given statement is p —> 4 Iis converse is q — p. Ifpressure increases, then surface area decreases. Its inverse is ~ p > ~ g If'surface area does not decrease, then pressure does not increase. Its contrapositive is ~ a -> ~. I pressure does not increase, then surface area does not decrease. (1 16. Letx= sin"! @) 3 2sint @) BI 5 17. Ris a point on the line segment AB(A-R-B) and AR and RB are in the same direction, Point R divides AB internally in the ratio m : n. AR _ m RB (AR) = m(RR) ‘Asn(AR) and m(RB) have same direction and magnitude, n(AR) n(OR -Oa) ~m(OB-R)Mathematics and Statistics 13) = (6428-2). [0b Aad sda ‘] (@+25-<)-[-axe1b5] axe) + 5-(bxa) ~28-(348) +28-(Bxe) +E. (axe = [aae}[abe]-2[bac] +2[bbe]e[eae}[ene] =-0+ [abc] +2 [abe] +0+0-0 (a+2b-e) [(@-b) «(a-6-<)] = 3[a be] BI ‘The shortest distance between the lines r=a,+2b, and r=a,-+ub, is Icto+12)-j(-5+3)+k 4-2) +2}+2k (sis 28) (23+ 2} +28) =3x2+0%242%2 64044 -2 VP +P +P Via VB =28 Shortest distance between the given lines = BIT H.S.C. Model Answer Paper 20, au. 2. Let a. b, © be the position vectors of the points A, B and C respectively. SH 2 ahh, Bah 5 ak, S jist ‘The vector equation of the plane passing through the points A (a) , B(b) and C(e) is 7. (ABKAC)= a (AAC) Now, Al and AC XB x AC = fara) = 161 +4k F-(loisaic)= (5-2) 8) (161k) (loieat ¥-(I6i+4k) = 20 13) (16) — 2(0) + 14) ya (sin xy Taking log on both sides, we get log y= x log (sin x) Differentiating w. r.t.x. we get 4 dogyy=x\4. + tog (sinxy. fy CoBs) =< Hog (sin x)] Tog sina). 5 (0) 18g, 1 8) Hog Gad 1M = cos.x + log (sin x) yar Sine w SE =y br cot x+log (sin2)] y a = (Gin.x)* [x cot x + log (sin) 831 sin y=x sin(a +) sin y Sin(a+ 3) Differentiating w rt y, we get sin(a + y). gn sng BIT Mathematics and Statistics 23, 24, 25, Let fix) = logiox on. 4og,10 (log eXlog. x) logiom? =n logiom] £"(1000) 043 1000 =ooma3s f(a+h)~fla)+hf"(a) Togo (1016) = 3 + 16(0.0004343) = 3+ 0.0069488 Jogio (1016) ~ 3.006949 13] Let (x,) be any point on the curve y = F() The slope ofthe tangent a point (x,y) is wo & oy & W ay, Tey Integrating on both sides, we get oe =x(1+y) ) But the required curve passes through the point (0,1) 1+1=0c e-2 Substituting e= 2 in (i), we get Le, 2c , which is the requited equation of the curve. B) tan (2) +y i) Puty= vr i Differentiating w. . tx, we get Bayer (iii) ae & Substituting (i) and (ii) in (i), we get ww w a(vext) tan (3) trH.S.C. Model Answer Paper & ctany xf tn dv _ de Integrating on both sides, we get Footy dv= [* BI BIe T Mathematics and Statistics 27. SECTION D Let the cost of | pencil, 1 pen and | eraser be & x, & yand & z respectively. According tothe first condition, 4x4 3y+22=60 According to the second condition, 2+ dy + 62-90 ie, x+2y+32=45 According to the third condition, 6x + 2y+32=70 Matrix form of the above system of equations is elec Applying Ry < R:, we get Beer Applying Ry > Ro AR, and Rs > Rs ~ 6Ry, we get Dae Applying Rs > Rs —2R, we get ete Hence, the original matrix is reduced fo an upper triangular matrix, x+2y+32] [45 0~Sy-102| =) -120 040452} | 40 By equality of matrices, we get a+ y+ 32-45 “a -Sy- 102=-120 ie,y+22=24 5240 ie, 2=8 Substituting z= in equation (i), we get Y+28)=24 y+ 16-24 yr8 Substituting we get 2+ 2(8) +308) =45 x4 16+24=45 x5 The cost of I pencil is 5, 1 pen is € 8 and I eraser is 8. i] and z= 8 in equation (),T H.S.C. Model Answer Paper 28, 29, 30, cos 0 +sinO=1 Dividing both sides by V3. we act 1 1 1 OF sin 0 = ee cos () c08 0+ sin (= sin 0= 20s () ole i)-e( Since cos 0 = cos o. implies 0 = 2nr +0, n€ Z. O=2nn+ 5 or = 2nx ‘The required general solutions 0=2nx + Zor ne, whee eZ tal Let m and m, be the slopes of the lines represeiited by the equation ax* + 2hxy + by" = 0 =h a + my = 28 and mimy= am, +m.= Sand mims= 5 (rm + m;)? = 4mm 11 re As O is the acute angle between the lines, yh —ap| b_|_ [2ya ab) = ake Linesare coincident (parallel), ifand only ifm ie, ifm -m=0 18 ® ie, if YE? <0 | — | 1+ mm, ie, if h’—ab=0 ie, if h’=ab Lines are coincident if'and only if h” = ab. (41 ‘To draw the feasible region, construct table as follows: Tnequality Sa iyes Corresponding equation (of line) Sxtp=5 Intersection of line with X-axis no) Intersection of line with Y-axis (0.5) Region Non-origin side | Non-origin side31 32, Shaded portion XABCY is the feasible [ region, whose vertices are A(@, 0), B and | C0,5). B is the point of intersection of the lines xty=3andSx+y=5 Solving the above equations, we get Here, the objective function is Z = x+y Zat AG, 0)= 7G) +0=21 zua(ts)=7(2}+5 = ZatC(0,5)=1(0)+5=5 Zhas minimum value 5 at C(0. 5). Zis minimum, when x=0 and y=5 LetI= fy =a" de Vea fide] 2(Je==) fit [4] Let rbe the radius of the cirele and x be the length of the side of the square. ‘Then, total length of the wire = circumference of the circle + perimeter of the square 2ne+ ax=1 2ne= 4 oi) Let A= area ofthe citle + area ofthe square nals? = 2) +2 2m 2 = PS +16x | aeH.S.C. Model Answer Paper 33. (+ 4)x-81=0 (n+ 4)x= 87 81 1 “Red ed . GA Fores a (2) 2(n+4) >0 Ae, total area is minimum forx= za 1 id me _ alsal-al 2a(n ta) eae 2a(+d) fete era) 2 =-[From (i)} ‘Thus, the sum of the areas of the citele and the square is the least, when radius of the circle is half the side of the square: Consider RH.S.: [f(dv + [t@a—de Let I= frends fr2a—mae =hth Consider = fade ‘When x = 0, and when .t=2a-a=a b= [eyed =~ fe(nar 4 4),T Mathematics and Statistics 34, iii, F(t)at -{ [eee focas| . | “fore jrova] | ia From(),1=1,+h = Jronar+frcan— sae = ftonaes frcoas = frooar . [fs =froneercsica coc | = LHS. Fone freode* fran ial Let X denote the number of spades P(getting spade) = q=1-p=1 Given, n=5 x~B(s.1) The pm of Xs given by X=) ="C, 1) Pall five cards are spades) = P(X = yea Sx4x3 9 9 _ 45 (only 3 cards are spades) = P(X =3) = Bx2et # Tor Siz P(none is a spade) = P(X = 0) = alt= S203 141r Biology MODEL ANSWER PAPER — | BIOLOGY SECTION A Ql. |i |) mesogamy oT] ii, | © ovulation mM iii, | (©) root hair iv. | (A) Auxins io] v. | (A) Larynx m1 vi | (D) Tyrosine ty vii.) B)_ interferons ty viii, (A) Biofortification (i ix. | (D) Belymphocytes ul x. | (B) diaphragm i] Q2. | i | After fertilization, ovary of pistil develops into fruit and ovules inta seeds. it ii, | ‘The length of DNA can be calculated by multiplying the tumber of base pairs with the distance between two consceutive base pairs. au iii, | ‘The proportion of an allele in the gene pool, to the total number of alleles at a given locus, is called gene frequency. uu iv. | Epiphytic plants like orchids absorb water vapours from air with the help of epiphytic roots having special tissue called velamen, it v. | Gibberellin promotes bolting ic. elongation of internodes just prior to flowering in plants with rosette habit e.g. beet, eabbage. ul vi. | Epiglotts prevents the following the entry of food into the trachea while eating. m1 vii, | ‘The ecological grouping of organisms is known as ecological hierarchy. m1 viii The gradual and predictable changes in the species composition of a given area are called ecological suecession. mM SECTION B 03. Adaptations in chiropterophilous flowers: i. | Flowers are dull coloured with strong fragrance. ii, | ‘They secrete abundant nectar. iii, | Flowers produce large amount of edible pellen grains. iv. | Chiropterophily is shown by plants like Anthocephalus (kadamb tree), Adansonia (Baobab tee), Kigelia (Sausage tree). (2) Q4. Now Monohybrid cross Dihybrid cross i. |The cross between two pure parents | The cross between two pure parents 3° direction. In every living organism genetic code is a triplet code. Genetic code has distinct polarity: Genetic code shows definite polarity ie. direetion. It is always read in 5’ —> 3 direction and not in 3” -> 5° direction. Otherwise message will change e.g, 5° AUG 3° Genetic code is non-overlappin; Code is non-overlapping ise. each single base is a part of only one codon. Adjacent codons do not overlap. iv. | Genetic code is commaless: There is no gap or punctuation mark between successive! consecutive codons. v. | Genetic code has degeneracy: Usually single amino acid is encoded by single codon, However, some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. eg. Cysteine has two codons, while isoleucine has three codons. This is called degeneracy of the code, Degeneracy of the code is explained by Wobble hypothesis. Here, the first two bases in different codons are identical but the third one, varies. vi | Genetic code is universal: In most of the living organisms the specific codon specifies same amino acid. e.g. Codon AUG always specifies amino acid methionine. vii. | Genetic code is non-ambiguous: Specific amino acid is encoded by a particular codon. Alternatively, two different amino acids will never be encoded by the same codon. viii. Initiation codon and termination codon: AUG is always an initiation codon in any and every mRNA. AUG codes for amino acid methionine. Out of 64 codons, three codons viz. UAA, UAG and UGA are termination codons which terminate/ stop the process of elongation of polypeptide chain, as they do not code for any amino acid.T Biology ix. | Codon and anticodon: Codon is a part of DNA e.¢, AUG is codon. It is always represented as 5° AUG 3°. Anticodon is a part of (RNA. It is always represented as 3°UAC 5° [Note: Exception for universality of genetic code: AUG codes for methionine and GUG codes for valine, but if AUG is not available, then GUG codes for methionine, as a start codon in protein synthesis Also some exceptions exist in mitochondrial codons, Mycoplasma capricolum (bacteria) «and in some protozoans. Codon and anti-codon: Codon isa part of mRNA [Any three characteristics] [3] Quz, Pre-mating or pre-zygotic isolating mechanism: This mechanism prevents fertilization and zygote formation. i. | Habitat isolation or (Ecological isolation): Members of a population living in the same geographic region but occupying separate habitats in such a way that potential mate do not meet. Seasonal or temporal isolation: Members of a population living in the same geographic region but are sexually mature at different years or different times of the year. Ethological isolation: Due to specifi mating behavior the members of population do not mate iv. | Mechanical Isolatio reproductive organs. Members of two populations have difference in the structure of [Any three types} [3] Ques, ‘The types of water present in soil ean be classified as i. | Gravitational water: The water which percolates deep in the soil, duc to the gravity is called ‘gravitational water’. This water goes beyond the reach of roots of most of the plants, thus is not available to plants for absorption. ii, | Hygroscopie water: Fine soil particles imbibe/adsorb water and hold it very tightly. This is called ‘hygroscopic water’, Roots cannot absorb it. Combined water: Water present in the form of hydrated oxides of silicon, aluminium, etc., is called ‘combined water’. It is also not available to plants for absorption. iv. | Capillary water: Some amount of water is held in pores present between the neighbouring soil particles, due to, capillarity, This is called capillary water which is available for absorption. (Any three pes} [3] Q19.| i | Growth hormones: The internal factors that influence growth are called growth hormones or growth regulators as they inhibit, promote or modify the growth, Growth hormones present in plants: a. Growth promoters: Auxins, Gibberellins (GA) and Cytokinins (CK). b. Growth inhibitors: Ethylene and Abscisic acid (ABA). 13] Q20.| i, | Structure of haemoglobin: a Each molecule of haemoglobin is a protein-iron complex. b. It consists of four polypeptide (globin) chains 2 alpha and 2 beta chains. An iron porphyrin (haem) group is attached to each chain and all four chains are bound together Afier haemolysis, haemoglobin is broken down. Its globin part is broken to recyele the amino acids. Iron of haem group is stored as ferritin in the liver and porphyrin group of haem is converted into green pigment biliverdin and then into red-orange coloured bilirubin, These pigments (mainly bilirubin) are added to bile and finally removed out of body along with faeces. BIT H.S.C. Model Answer Paper Qa. Q22. i Q2. 74 i vi. Neurons or nerve cells are the structural and functional units of the nervous system. Neural tissues: a. The neural tissue consists of nerve cells or neurons and the neuroglia or glial cells. b. Outside the CNS, a nerve is a bundle of axons while inside the CNS it refers to tract, ¢. Nerves along with nervous organs constitute the nervous system of the higher animals and bring about control and coordination of various activities of the body. d. ‘The types of nerves are sensory, moior or mixed (both sensory and motor fibres). he nerves arising from the eytons of the CNS travel throughout the body transmitting the nerves impulses to or from the CNS, The receptors carry the sensory inputs towards the central nervous system. Central nervous system interprets the inputs carried to the CNS and then through the motor ‘commands, the response is sent out. The given plant species is Azolla Azolla 1s a free-floating aquatic fern consisting of a floating rhizome (stem) with small overlapping bi-lobed leaves and roots. ‘The leaf shows dorsal and ventral lobe. In the dorsal lobe, Anabaena filaments are present in the aerenchyma, which fixes nitrogen Azolla can be used as biofertilizers in the ree field. ‘The mechanism underlying the insect resistanee in plants produced using rDNA technology is as follows: Insect resistant plants contain cither a gene from B. thuringiensis or the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene. ‘The gone called cr gene present in 2. thuringiensis produces a protein that forms crystalline inclusions in bacteria! spores, ‘When ingested by a susceptible insect, a combination of high pH and the enzyme proteinase ofthe insect's mid gut, processes them hydrolytically to release the core toxic fragments. ‘The effect of these fragments is scen within minutes of ingestion, beginning with mid gut paralysis and ending with disruption of mid gut cells of insect. Bt toxin activity has been against many species of insects within the orders of Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera. Similarly, the gene of a-amylase inhibitor (@AI-Pv) has been isolated from adzuki bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and transferred to tobacco and this gene works against pests like Zabrotes subfasciatus and Callosobruchus chinensis. Some important characteristics of population are: Population density: Population density tells us the number of individuals present per unit space, ina given time. ‘OR Density of a population is the total number of individuals in that population present per unit area at a specific time Natali Natality is the birth rate of a population, Mortality: Morality is the death rate ofa population, Age distribution and Age pyrami A population consists of individuals with different ages. ‘The entire population is divided into three age groups - pre-reproductive (0-14 years), reproductive (aze 15-44 years), post reproductive (45-85+ycars). The relative proportion of individuals of various age groups in the population is referred to as age structure of the population. b. If the age distribution (per cent individuals of a given age or age group) is plotted for the population, the resulting structure is called as age pyramid. Sex Ratio: ‘Sex ratio is the ratio of the number of individuals of one sex to that of the other sex. [Any three characteristics] BI BI BI BI or Biology Q25. Q.26 Q27. ii, Meninges are the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. They are as follows: Dura mater: It is the outermost tough, non-vascular, thick and fibrous meninx and is attached to the inner side of the cranium, Sub-dural space filled with serous fluid is present between dura mater and arachnoid mater. Arachnoid mater: It is the middle, thin and non-vascular layer of conneetive tissue having web like appearance. Sub-arachnoid space is present between arachnoid mater and pia ‘mater. It is filled with Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Pia mater: It is the innermost delicate, highly vascular membrane. It lies in close contact with the CNS, Pioneer community: a The species which invade a bare area and initiate the succession are called pioneer species. Assemblage of pioneer species in a given area forms the pioneer community. ©. Crustose lichen grows on the rocks which seeretes acid to dissolve rock. This helps in weathering of rocks and formation of soil 4. These conditions become favourable for another community. Bryophytes, mosses take hold of the small amount of soi Climax communit a With time, bryophytes and mosses are succeeded. by herbaccous plants and after several more stages, a stable climax forest community is formed, b. Climax community remains stable as long as the environment remains unchanged. SECTION D Structure of anatropous ovale: 1 Chalaza Antipodals Secondary Nucleus Embryo sac Synergids Es Outer imegumnent Tiner integument ‘Nucellus [| > Hitum | Funicte Micropyle Placenta Anatropous Ovule 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I u Anatropous ovule is the most common type of ovule in angiosperms. It consists of following parts: Funiculus / Stalk / Funicle: Each ovule develops inside the ovary. Ovule is attached to the placenta by a small stalk called funiculus. Hilum: ‘The paint afattachment of finicnlus to the main body af avule is known as hilum, Nucellus: The ovule consists of central parenchymatous tissue called nucellus. Integuments: Nucellus is usually surrounded by two protective coverings called integuments viz. outer and inner integument. BI BIT H.S.C. Model Answer Paper Q28 Q29. vi. vii viii, i Micropyle: A narrow opening at the apex of the ovule is called micropyle. It anatropous ovule. micropyle is directed downwards and is present adjacent to the funiculus (funicle), Chalaza: Chalaza is the base of ovule ditectly opposite to micropyle. Embryo sac: Embryo sac (female gametophyte) is oval multicellular structure embedded in the nucellus, [Any four parts] Permanent Methods of birth control to avoid pregnancy: ‘The permanent birth control method in men is called vasectomy and in women it is called. tubectomy. These are surgical methods, also called sterilization. In vasectomy a small part of the vas deferens is tied and cut. In tubectomy, a small part of the fallopian tube is tied and cut. This blocks gamete transport and prevent pregnancy. Fe 7 Vas deferens tied-and cut Tubcetomy Permanent methods Law of independent assortment: ‘The law states that, when a hybrid possessing two (or more) pairs of contrasting factors (alleles) forms gametes, the factors in each pair segregate independently of the other pair. OR The law of independent assortment states that, when two parents differing from each other in two or more pairs of contrasting characters are crossed, then the inheritance of one pair of characteris independent of the other pait of character. This law is based on dihybrid cross. It describes how different genes or alleles present on separate chromosomes independently separate from each other, during formation of gametes, These alleles are then randomly united in fertilization, In dihybrid cross, F: phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1 indicates that the two pairs of characters behave independent of each other. It ean be concluded that the two characters under consideration are assorted independently giving rise to different combinations. (4) (4)Biology Q30, Phenotype of parents —+ Tall Red x Dwarf White as an FS Games = Oo — TtRr (Tall Red) Selfing of F; generation —+ ‘TRr x TiRr Gams —-Q®O@O OOO F) generation —| 4 = -_ rm ” TR | TTRR TTRr TrRR| TiRr Tallred_| Tall red Tall red Tall red aR pear Tallred_| Tall white | Tall red Tall white tR | T:RR TrRr RR Rr Tallred_| Tall red Dwarf red_| Dwarf red_ Tallred_| Tall white_| Dwarf red_| Dwarf white. Result: Tall red = 9; Tall white = 3; Dwarf red = 3; Dwarf white Phenotypic ratio > 9 :3:321 Genotypic ratio poe ps ss 2 TTRR TTRe TRR Tir tRR Re TT Tir From the above results, it is obvious thet the inheritance of character of tallness is not linked with the red colour of the flower, Similarly, the character of dwarfness is not linked with the white colour of the flower. This is due to the fact that in the above cross, the 1wo pairs of characters segregate independently. In other words, there is independent assortment of characters during inheritance. ‘Trabeculae Fibrous pericardium ‘Myocardium (Cardiac muscles) ' ' i i | I i ' I | Parietal layer of serous ! pericardium | Pericardial space ' Endocardium | _ Visceral layer | of serous pericardium | (Epicardium) I i Le. Structure of heart wall: Itshows three layers, viz. epicardium, myocardium and endocardium The outer layer is the epicardium, middle myocardium and inner endocardium. Epicardium is thin and formed of a single layer of flat squamous epithelium resting on basement membrane. tur (4)e T H.S.C. Model Answer Paper Qal “Myocardium is the middle thick layer formed of cardiac muscles. Endocardium is a single thin layer formed of squamous epithelium. The epicardium and endocardium are protective in function whereas myocardium is responsible for contraction and relaxation of heart, ‘Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitter molecules. Neurotransmitter is released by the process of exocytosis a. When a neuron receives an impulse, it passes it to the next neuron, The impulse travels along the axon of the pre-synaptie neuron to the axon terminal. b. Pre-synaptic neurons or axons have synaptic knobs at their ends or terminals. These synaptic knobs have synaptic vesicles which contain neurotransmitter molecules ©. When the impulse reaches a synaptic knob, Ca’ channels open and Ca° ions diffuse inward from the extracellular fuid, 4. This causes release of neurotransmitters which bind to the receptors of the post synaptic cell €. The neurotransmitter is destroyed by the enzyme cholinesterase. A new impulse! next impulse is generated and conducted Wy the synaptic gap, [4] (4)