Keywords

Emigrate: ចេញពប្រ
ី ទេសមួយ

Immigrate: ចូលប្រទេសមួយ

Migration: ការធ្វប
ើ ម្លា ស់ទប្រ
ី ទេសមួយ

Host country: ប្រទេសជាម្ចា ស់ផ្ទះ

Questions

1. the effect migration on environment

2. the positive and negative effect of migration into the urban areas (social, economic,

environmental)

3. the solution to the negative effect of migration

Answers

2. positive effect of migration

 Unemployment is reduced and people get better job opportunities.

 Migration helps in improving the quality of life of people.

 It helps to improve social life of people as they learn about new culture, customs, and
languages which helps to improve brotherhood among people.

 Migration of skilled workers leads to a greater economic growth of the region.

 Children get better opportunities for higher education.

 The population density is reduced and the birth rate decreases.

the negative effects of migration into urban areas are

 Environmental problem and resource scarcity (in host country)

Due to the poor environmental management, population growth and urbanization can lead to

many environmental problems such as water pollution from the factory or housing, solid
waste pollution from consumptions, and so on. Moreover, they also lead to the lack of

resources as well. As to fulfill the human consumption and to develop the infrastructure,

natural resources are vitally needed. Unfortunately, those resources have its limited amounts.

As a result, the more we consume, the less it will be in the future.

 Poverty and unemployment (in host country)

Overpopulated countries tend to have less job for the population growth as a result, many

people don’t have jobs to support their lives, and resources for them to make use for some

money are scare. Additionally, people with big family need to support them. For example,

land for doing agriculture and fishes to be caught are quite less due to population growth.

 Urban housing and sanitation problems (in host country)

The number of affordable renting house is decreased due to population growth. The

affordable and available housing is often less sanitation, overcrowding, outdated plumbing

and wiring. The water system in those houses are poor. Most importantly, they may not be

able to access to pipe water, meaning that they still use well or pond which are not clean or

lack of water to sanitize. Consequently, they can be infected by some diseases like cholera or

epidemic.

 Transportation and traffic problems (in host country)

Even though many infrastructures are built, they cannot withstand with the number of

increasing vehicles days by days from the population growths and urbanization, making the

transportation less preferable due to traffic congestion. Mental and physical problems can be

resulted from traffic congestion. For example, they may be stress and inhale the smoke from

the exhaust pipe during the congestion.

 Effects of sprawl on wildlife and human health (in host country)

As urbanization happen, many green spaces that used to be shelter for many wild lives are

replaced with many infrastructures such as roads, schools, high-rise building and many more.
We can clearly see that more crowded density occurs only in an area. As a result, air

pollution can be happened as having no green space to produce fresh air.

 Problems Associated with Below-Replacement Fertility (not in host country)

When lots of people emigrate to other countries, the former country that the people leave will

leave them low fertility rate. Low fertility rates lead not only to a decline in population size

but also to an increasing proportion of the population comprising elderly members. A birth

dearth eventually results in fewer workers to support the pension, social security, and health

care systems for the elderly. Below-replacement fertility rates also raise concern about the

ability of a country to maintain a productive economy, because there may not be enough

future workers to replace current workers as they age and retire.

Negative Impact

 The loss of a person from rural areas, impact on the level of output and
development of rural areas.

 The influx of workers in urban areas increases competition for the job,
houses, school facilities etc.

 Having large population puts too much pressure on natural resources,

amenities and services.

 It is difficult for a villager to survive in urban areas because in urban areas

there is no natural environment and pure air. They have to pay for each and
everything.

 Migration changes the population of a place, therefore, the distribution of the

population is uneven in India.

 Many migrants are completely illiterate and uneducated, therefore, they are
not only unfit for most jobs, but also lack basic knowledge and life skills.

 Poverty makes them unable to live a normal and healthy life.

 Children growing up in poverty have no access to proper nutrition, education

or health.

 Migration increased the slum areas in cities which increase many problems
such as unhygienic conditions, crime, pollution etc.
 Sometimes migrants are exploited.

 Migration is one of the main causes of increasing nuclear family where

children grow up without a wider family circle.

Positive impacts on the origin location (not the host country)

 Unemployment can reduce as there is less competition for jobs.
 Less pressure on natural resources including food and water.
 When migrants return, they bring new skills and knowledge.
 There is less pressure on services such as education and healthcare.
 Money is often sent back to family and friends (known as
remittances), boosting the local economy.
Negative impacts on the origin location (not the host country)
 There are fewer people to pay tax, so it could increase.
 Fewer skilled migrants, as those with skills and education, tend to be
the people who migrate. This is also known as brain-drain.
 Brain drain could have a negative impact on economic development.
 Families separated by borders.
 There are often gender imbalances, as it is often males who move.