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    Chapter 12 HW Solutions 15-16

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    Frnc Sldd

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    — ( Lsay skip the ‘Strass and ‘Swain! Your inner puppy + needsto go Physics - Chapter 12 Problem Set Group #1 Due Tuesday Dec.8th Objective Questions: 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 12.7 (for Clayton), 12.8, 12 10 Conceptual Questions: 12.1, 128 “Group #2 Due Wednesday Deco” Problems: P12.2 PI25 P126 RG P12.9 P1210 a)9g —b) 525g )49g P1213 Group #3 Due Friday Dec.11™ P12.37 P12.43 P12.48 © a)2.71KN b)2.65kN ¢) Liftwith yourlegs! P12.56 P12.63 a) T= 133 Nb) normal, = 429 N, normalay = 257 N ) Rx = 133 N to right, Ry = 257 N downward 1, The acceleration due t gravity becomes weaker by about three parts in ten million for each meter of increased elevation above the Earth's surface. Suppose a skyscraper is 100 stories tal, with the same floor plan for each story and with uniform average density. Com pare the location of the building's center of mass and the location of its center of gravity. Choose one: (a) Its center of mass is higher by a distance of several meters (b) Its center of mass is higher by a distance of several millimeters. (€) Its center of mass and its center of grav ity are in the same location. (2) Its center of gravity is higher by a distance of several millimeters. (¢) Is een ter of gravity is higher by a distance of several meters 0Q12.1 Answer (b). The skyscraper is about 300 m tall. The gravitational field (acceleration) is weaker at the top by about 900 parts in ten million, by on the order of 10 times. The top half of the uniform building is lighter than the bottom half by about (1/2)(10%) times. Relative to the center of mass at the geometric center, this effect moves the center of gravity down, by about (1/2)(10™)(150 m) ~ 10 mm. 2. A rod 7.0 m long is pivoted at a point 2.0 m from the left end. A downward force of 50 N acts at the left end, and a downward force of 200 N acts at the right end. At what distance to the right of the pivot can a third force of 300 N acting upward be placed to pro- duce rotational equilibrium? Note: Neglect the weight of the rod. (a) 1.0 m (b) 2.0 m (©) 3.0 m (d) 4.0m () 3.5m 0Q12.2 Answer (0). Net torque = (50 N)(2 m) — (200 N)(5 m) ~ (300 N)x = therefore, x=3m. 3. Consider the object in Figure OQI2.3. A single force i exerted on the object. The line of action of the force does not pass through the object's center of mass. The acceleration of the object's center of mass due to this force (a) is the same as if the force were applied at the center of mass, (b) is larger than the acceleration would be if the force were applied at the center of mass, (©) is smaller than the accelera- tion would be if the force were applied at the center of mass, or (d) is zero because the force causes only angu- Figure 0012.3 lar acceleration about the center of mass. 0Q12.3 Answer (a). Our theory of rotational motion does not contradict our previous theory of translational motion. The center of mass of the ‘object moves as if the object were a particle, with all of the forces is true whether the object is starting to rotate or 5. In the cabin of a ship, a soda can rests in a saucer~ shaped indentation in a built-in counter. The can tilts as the sl slowly rolls. In which case is the can most stable against tipping over? (a) It is most stable when it is full. (b) It is most stable when it is half full. (c) It is most stable when it is empty. (d) It is most stable in two of these cases. (e) It is equally stable in all cases. 0Q12.5 Answer (b). The lower the center of gravity, the more stable the can. In cases (a) and (c) the center of gravity is above the base by one-half the height of the can. In case (b), the center of gravity is above the base by only a bit more than one-quarter of the height of the can. 7. Assume a single 300-N force is exerted on a bicycle frame as shown in Figure OQ12.7. Consider the torque produced by this force about axes perpendicular to the plane of the paper and through each of the points A through E, where E is the center of mass of the frame. Rank the torques 74. Tp Tes Tos and 7, from largest to smallest, noting that zero is greater than a negative quantity. If two torques are equal, note their equality in your ranking. Figure 0012.7 0Q127 — Answer: t> t> t> t}> tT The force exerts a counterclockwise torque about pivot D. The line of action of the force passes through C,s0 the torque about this axis is zero. In order of increasing negative (clockwise) values come the torques about F, E and B essentially together, and A. 8. In analyzing the equi- librium of a flat, rigid object, you are about to choose an axis about which you will calculate torques. Which of the following describes the choice you should make? (a) The axis should pass through the object's center of mass. (b) The axis should pass through one end of the object. (c) The axis should be either the x axis or the y axis. (d) The axis should pass through any point within the object. (e) Any axis within or outside the object can be chosen. 0Q12.8 — Answer (e). In the problems we study, the forces applied to the object lie ina plane, and the axis we choose is a line perpendicular to this plane, so it appears as a point on the force diagram. It can be chosen anywhere. The algebra of solving for unknown forces is generally easier if we choose the axis where some unknown forces are acting. 10. The center of gravity of an ax is on the centerline of the handle, close to the head, Assume you saw across the handle through the center of gravity and weigh the uwo paris. What will you discover? (a) The handle side is heavier than the head side. (b) The head side is heavier than the handle side. (c) The two parts are equally heavy. (d) Their comparative weights cannot be predicted 0Q12.10 Answer (b). Visualize the ax as like a balanced playground seesaw with one large-mass person on one side, close to the fulcrum, and a small-mass person far from the fulcrum on the other side. Different masses are on the two sides of the center of mass. The mean position of mass is not the median position. .JA ladder stands on the ground, leaning against a wall. Would you feel safer climbing up the ladder if you were told that the ground is frictionless but the w is rough or if you were told that the wall is frictionless but the ground is rough? Explain your answer. CQ12.1 The free-body diagram demonstrates that it is necessary to have friction on the ground to counterbalance the normal force of the wall and to keep the base of the ladder from sliding. If there is friction on the floor and on the wall, it is not possible to determine whether the ladder will slip, from the equilibrium conditions alone. 8. What kind of deformation does cube of Jell-O exhibit when it jiggles? CQ12.8 Shear deformation. Its deformations are parallel to its surface. 2. Why is the following situation impossible? A unitorm beam of mass m, = 3.00 kg and length, © = 1.00 m supports blocks with masses m= 5,00 kg and my = 15.0 kg at bso positions as shown in Figure P12.2, The beam rests on two trian gular blocks, with point Pa distance d = 0.300 m to the Tight of the center of gravity of the beam. The position of the object of mass m, is adjusted along the length of the ‘beam until the normal force on the beam at Ois zero. ‘ f— fH ate 2 of co - e “ Figure P12.2 P12.2 Take torques about P, as shown in ANS. FIG. P12.2. xeon [Seadfeme[ed]emot-mer=0 We want to find x for which 1g = (mgt mg)dtmgg® (mm, +my)d+m,£ ne x = mag my For the values given: £ (om +m )a-4m 5 m, ha (5.00 kg+3.00 kxg)(0.300 m)+(5.00 kgm 5.0m ANS. FIG. P12.2 The situation is impossible because x is larger than the remaining] [portion of the beam, which is 0.200 m long. 5] Pat builds a track for his model ear out of solid wood as shown in Figure P12.5, The track is 5.00 cm wide, 1.00 m high, and 3.00 m long. The runway is cut so that, it forms a parabola with the equation y = (x — 3)*/9. Locate the horizontal coordinate of the center of grav- ity of this track. 300m Figure P12.5 cre sors = - 300m P12.5 Let represent the mass-per-face area. (It would be equal to the material's density multiplied by the constant thickness of the wood.) A 4 vertical strip at position x, with width dx and height (S00r has mass o(x-3 din= The total mass is 6. A circular pizza of radius R has a circular piece of radius R/2 removed from one side as shown in Fig- ure P12.6, The center of gravity has moved from € to C’ along the axis. Show that the distance from Cto C’ is R/6. Assume the thickness and density of the pizza are uniform throughout Fiqure P12.6 P126 — Wecan visualize this as a whole pizza with mass m, and center of gravity located at x,, plus a hole that has negative mass, ~m,, with center of gravity at x): =X = My Xcc Call o the mass of each unit of pizza area. eal I 2 Ry onR on( 5 x = R/B_| R “3/4 [6 9. Find the mass m of the counterweight needed to bal- MY ance a truck with mass M = 1500 kg on an incline of 45° (Fig, P12.9). Assume both pulleys are f less and massless. Figure P12.9 P12.9 The second condition for equilibrium at the 3r pulley is

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