Dental Pulse PEDODONTICS |, REFERENCE BOOKS TAKEN: 1. DENTISTRY FOR THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT by McDONALD - 8th & 9th EDITIONS, 2. DENTISTRY FOR THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT by McDONALD ~ 5th EDITION 3. TEXTBOOK OF PEDODONTICS by SHOBA TANDON - 1st & 2nd EDITIONS 4. TEXTBOOK OF PEDODONTICS by FINN ~ 4th EDITION 1, CHILD PSYCHOLOGY Hand over mouth exercise (HOME) is effective behavioral 4) Nota primary emotion modification technique in the age group of (HaN-94) a) 3 to 6 years b) Under 3 years 7. In managing a seven year old child, the dentist should «) 6 to 9 years 4) Above 9 years keep in mind that a child at this age is {COMEDK-04) 8) Frequently negative b) Susceptible to Praise According to frankel behavioral rating scale, a negative child is the one 2) Who shows reluctance to accept treatment with some evidence of negative attitude b) Who accepts treatment but at times cautiously ¢) Cries forcefully but accepts treatment 4) Who refuses treatment and cries forcefully (uPsc -01) Best time to see a 3-year-old child in the dental office a) Early in the morning b) Just before lunch ¢) dust after lunch d) Any time (Pst-03) Paradoxical excitation in children caused by 2) Barbiturate b) Narcotic ¢) Nitrous oxide 4) None of the above (Pst-01) N20 more than 30 ~ 40% causes a) Diffusion hypoxia —-b) Anoxia ¢) Amnesia 4) Ataxia (P6I-03) Fearis 8) A primary emotion acquires soon after birth b) A primary emotion acquired in utero ¢)_A primary emotion acquites several years after birth ), Generally uncooperative 4) Prone to sensation anxiety (wan-s7, 98) Nitrous oxide is contraindicated in ) coPD b) Asthma ) Sickle cell anemia d) All the above (MAN -98) Reinforcement technique is based on 8) Social learning Freudian psycho analytical theory ©) Skinner's theory d)-Massle’s theory (MAN -2K) The aim of the first session with a child patient is to all except 1) Establish general communication with the patient and parents b) Start restorative procedures )_ Obtain background information of child 4) Take radiographs (MAN -2k), Most realistic approach in managing a difficult child in dental clinic is 4) Disregard the behavior of child bb) Make child familiar with clinical atmosphere ” 2) 8 BS) A 4) A 5) © 8) 7a) 0 en 8 aea | 2) Physical methods to make child accept for treatment 4) None of the above (NAN -98) PEDODONTICS 22, 1) Suffering from Down's syndrome (6cer-14) ‘Jean paiget put forth the theory of 12, Vidya, a3 years old comes for her pre dental visit. he isa). Psychoanalytic theory of psychosexual development highly intelligent with family members of high L.0. you) Social Learning would do most probably what type of treatment c) Cognitive development d) Cultural adaptation. 18) Radiographs and topical flouride (KAR -99) 8) Get the patient accoustomed to the dental clinic 23. Which type of fear is the most usually difficult to «)_ Employ desensitization overcome? 4) Employ behaviour modification 2) Long standing objective fears (MAN -02) 'b) Long standing subjective fears 13. Cognitive theory of child development was given by c) Short term objective fears 2) Sigmund feud b) Erk eikse 4) Short term subjective fears c) Jean piaget d) Brenner c (KAR -01) (6CET-14, MAN -01) 24. Frankel behaviour rating system does not include 14, “Tellshow-do” technique of child management was following behaviour: ‘introduced by a) Definitely positive b) Definitely negative ) Bandura ) Addleston 6) Positive 4) Indifferent «} Coope 4) Wright (KAR -02) (COMEDK-05, KCET -07) 25. The best way to help a frightened child to overcome his 15. Best method of communicating with a fearful deaf child fe 8) Speaking loudly) Normal conversation pace 8) entity the fear 6) Ignore the fear <)_Use sign language 6) Ridicule the frightened chitd 4) Speake with prominent tip movements 4) Divert the patients attention (KAR -98) (AIPG -98, 91) 16, A drug which is not used to provide conscious sedation 26, fing can result in Paradoxical ina child is 2) Nitrous Oxide ) Chloral Hydrate ) Phenobarbitone 6) Hydronyzine €) Lincomyein 6) Nitrous Oxide 4) Amphetamin (1aR -99) {AIINS -2K, 99) 17. How is @ two year old positioned for an emergency 27. According to Stone and Church's classification, John, age ‘examination of a fractured incisor? 4, can be classified developmentally as: a) On the dental assistants lap. a) Toddler b) Preschooler 8) On the parents lap. ) Middle years child a) Adolescent «) On the dental chair 4) In the papoose board («aR -02) (KAR -97; AIPG -02, COMEDK- 06) 28. A child's behaviour is traced to have dental difficulties 18, Baste fear of a 2-year-old child during his frst visit to. from his mother. The most satisfactory method of the dentist is related to handting the situation is a) Fear of an injection 1a) Introduce another child as a good example b) Fear of separation from parent >) Modify his fear by familiarization )_Fear of dental instruments ) Use small amounts of barbiturates 4) Not understanding the reason for dental treatment 4) Use firmness (AIIMS 91; AIPG -98) {ATINS -02) 19. Peer pressure is maximum in: 29. Apes of the pedodontic triangle is formed by 2) Todaters ) Puberty a) Mother ) Child «) Teenagers 4) Children betow 12 years €) Dentist 4) None of the above (AIPG -03, KAR -01) (a2 -39) 20. Before sedating a child it is 30. HOME Is 4) Not essential to take the consent 2) Aversive technique —b) Remodelling 8) Essential to take the written consent 6) Psychologie improvement «) Needed to consult the pediatrician 4) None d) Essential for the parents to be present (PGI -02) (AIPG -97) 31. The age of the child considered to be in the pre 24. The touch taste smell method of behaviour management cooperative stage of development is {is usually used in children who are 2) 10 years old ) 8 years old 2) Deat ) Blind ) 2 years old 6) & years old «)_ Suffering from cerebral palsy les) ¢ Ales) 8 GoM § Mle) ¢ wpa) 8 lane z) 8%) 0 25) A 26) 8 27) B75) 8 29) B30) A 31) C BSS) —ate Ad Dental Pulse _ Which ofthe following are considered effective methods 41. Extinguish of fears on successive dental visits fs an for the management of fears? example of a) Reassurance, shaming, scolding 2) Modeling ») Reinforcement 8) Ridiculing, overpotection, rejection 6) Assocation 4) Desensitization ) Indifference, reconditioning, over correction 4) Reconditioning, Explanation, Reassurances 42, Making the child observe when a dentist is working on a co-operative child is an example 33. Which ofthe following are associated with a diagnosis of a) Nodeling 1) Reinforcement slowness of mental development in a child? €) Assocation 4) Desensitization 2) Family history 3) Metabolic disease ) Pregnancy & detvery history 43, Paychological basis of “Tell-show-do” technique is 4) Allof the above 2) Desenstization due to familiarity 1) Overcoming the influences of over indulgence 34, The four-year-old child who iz aggressive in his behaviour) Distraction from unpleasant things in the dental stress situation is usually manifesting ad) All ofthe above basic 2) Spoiled nature b) Fear reaction 44. Best approach for managing of 6 years old child with «) Reaction to under affection tamper tantrum 4) Resentment against dentisty a) Tell show do ») Voice control ¢) Premedication 4) Fostponing appointment 35. Mothers in the operatory are discouraged fora variety of reasons, what would be an exception? 45. A technique of child management towards a desired 2) Afearful 3-year-oldb) A spoiled S-year-old behaviour is called ©) Am apprehensive 2-yer-old 3) Shaping ) Extinction 4) An overprotected year-old 6) Chaining 4) Assocation 36. A child whose siblings are also your patients, become 46. Shy and submissive child isthe result of parents who are a management problem. What would be your least a) Over indulgent) Over protective successful approach to his management ) Unaffectionate —d)Empathetic a) Praise the child 8) Compare the child with other children you have treated, 47. Which ofthe following statement is true «) Tell the child how lucky he isto have you as a dentist. 2) Sigmoid Freud ~ Psychoanalytic theory 4d Place your hand ever the child's mouth and speak in ab) eanpiaget -- Cognitive theory controlled voice. ¢) Favioy — classical conditioning €) All the above 37. Which typeof parental behaviour would not be associated with the only child? 48. One ofthe following is nota component of Psychic structure. 2) Over protection) Over authority a) &g0 ») Super ego «) Over anxiety €) Over indulgence €) Super Id @ 38. A drug which creates a mild stage of central depression 49. The phallic stage defined by Freud is seen inthe following s0 that the patient, though awake, exhibits a lessened age group degree of cortical excitability and thus behaves in a a) T-2years ») 23 years more calm and phlegmatic manner is 6) 15 years 4) 3-6 years a) Sedative b) Anesthetic «) Hypnotic €) Analgesic 50. Which ofthe following is not a psychodynamic theory 2) Paychosenual theory by feud 39. Voice control has the effect of b) Psychosocial theory by Eric Erickson 4) Fightening the child ) Cognitive theory by piaget 1) Making child know his imits of misbehavours 4) Social learning theory of bandura «)_ Making child forcefully accept dental treatment 4) AlLof the above. 51. Fear of closed spaces like “Dental clinics” is called as 2) Nyclophobia ') Zoophabia 40. A child patient demonstrating resistance {n the dental _«)_ Xenophobia, 4) Claustrophobia office is usually manifesting (P61 2UNE- 13) a) Anviety 1) Anger 52. Which of the following uncooperative behaviour is seen )Inborn fear 6) Immaturity in physically abused child a) Timid / Shy ) Stoic 2D) 0 SM) A 3) C6) B57) BB) A 38) 8 MO) A a) 0 a) A 4) AM) 8 45) A 46) 8 47) 048) C49) O50) D 51) Dz) 8a | ©) Whining type €) Historcat PEDODONTICS 63. The fear of a 6 year old related to dentistry fs primari a) Subjective b) Objective 53. The term audio analgesia is also known as ) Subjective & objective d) Psychological 2) Hypnosis 1) Voice contol (aatms-02) «) HOME / hand over mouth exercise 64. According to Piaget, the period of concrete operations is «) White's nose 2) Birth to 18 months —b) 12 years and onward ) 18 months to 7 years) 7'to 12 years 54, HOME technique should not be applied to (cOMEDK-08) 8) 5 years old child 65. The following is not 2 communicative management +) Who exhibits hysterical behaviour during treatment but technique according to American Acadenyy of Pediatric mentally sound dentistry’s standards «) Child who can understand simple verbal commands but a) Voice Control ») Positive Reinforcement exhibiting inconsolable behaviour ) Physical Restraint a) Distraction 4) Immature frightened child (cOMEDK-08) 66. A child has to be given premedication for behaviour 55. Recording to American association of mental deficiency modification, which is the most preferred route? assification scheme, a trainable mentally retarded 2) Oral 3) Intravenous child has an 10 range of €) Intramuscular 4) Intramucosal 2) 52-68 b) 36-51 (atPG-09) ¢) 20-35 d) Below 19 67. Definition of AUTISTIC child is? 2) Tncapacitating communication and emotional problem 56. Which of the following is true about physical restraints ) Most severly handicapping condition 4) Papoose board is for restraining body ©) Disorder in one or more psychological processes 5) Use af restraining device isa passive method 4) Chronie recurrent and Paraxysmal changes in neurologic ) Posey straps are used for restraining extremities function 4) All of the above (a1P6-09) 68. The fears that are produced by direct physical stimulation 57. The period of infancy usually refers to: of the sense organs are 4) First 2 years ater birth 2) Subjective Fears) Suggestive Fears ») First 3 year ater birth ) Objective Fears). Imitative fears «) First 6 months after birth (coMEDK-10) 4) First 3 years after birth 69. Hand over mouth technique was frst deseribed by (COMEDK -08) a) Dr. Evangetine Jordan b) Addelson and Gold Fried 58 When the cry of child is characterized by a siren like) Dr Goldman 4) Dr. Gv. Black vocabulary it is called as (KceT-10) 2) Compensatory b) Frightened 70. Behaviour modification includes all of the following ) Hur ) Obstinate excrr - (KAR-06) a) Tell-Show-Do ») Desensitization 59, Hand over mouth technique was first described by: ©) Modeling d) Home 4) Dr. Evangeline Jordan b) Addelson and Gold fried (KceT-09) «)DrG.\Black 4) Dr. Goldman 71. The principle that ‘the stimulus must be altered to eicit (AI-05) "a change in the response is applied in 60. Achild manages an uncooperative child by demonstrating __a)-Reinforcement )Aversive Conditioning the procedures on another cooperative child. This way of | c)_Retraiing «) Modeling child management is (coMEDK-10) 8) Modelling b) Desensitisation 72. Fear of Strangers and Fear of Separation from parents for «) Tell show do 4) Aversive conéitioning the children will be diminished by (AP-07) a) First Birthday 5) Fifth Birthday 61, Midazolam dose in children is (through Im) 6) Third Birthday 4) Seventh Birthday 2) 0.5 mg/g b) 0.25 mg/kg (coMEDK-10) 6) 0.1 mg/g d) 25 mg/kg 73. If the use of a technique on a child is objectionable (61-05) enough that the child will cooperate in order to avotd it, 62. Stimulus Response Theory (SR theory) is also known that technique will come under 28) Physical Restraint 8) Pharmacological Domain). Physical Domain 8) Aversive conditioning ) Aversive Domain a) Rewardcoriented Domain «) Behaviour shaping) Tender Love and Care (TLC) (COMEDK-10) (comeDk-07) Sys) 0 SS) Ss) 0 SHOES) 0 (SAT 6) A eG) ¢ ayn 66) D 65) C66) A 67) A 68) C69) A 70) D 71) C72) C73) € Se?) ==((22FA 74, Dental Pulse [A severely incapacitating disturbance of mental and ‘emotional development that causes problem in learning, _ ©) Animism 4) Conservation (KCET-2012) ‘communication, and relating to others is 85. In restraining of child everything involved except ) Autism 1b) Learning disability a) Avoidance ») Discrimination ) Mental retardation d) Dyslexia )_ Pedi wrap and papoose board (COMEDK-10) @) Aversive conditioning 75. Bahaviour management techiques were labeled as (A1P6-2012) “Embarrassment of riches” in 1977 by - 86. Which ofthe following is flse about conscious sedation? 4) Jimmy R.inkham —-b) Gerald ZWright 2) Patient retains ability to maintain a patent airway ©) David Wchambers 4) 3.C. Brauer 1b) Responds appropriately to physical stimulation (COMEDK-09) )_ Responds appropriately to verbal commands 76. Which of the following extremes of parental behaviour ) None of the above were manifested either in extreme dominance or (Kar -2013) indulgence - 87. Learning disability is otherwise called as 8) Over anxiety b) Rejection 2} Infantile psychosis _b) Minimal brain dysfunction <)_ entifcation 6) Overprotection €) Childhood schizophrenia (COMEDK-09) 4) Attention deficit disorder 77. Joseph Wolpe developed the following behaviour (COMEDK -2013) management technique - 88, Which of the following is commonly used for 2) Modeling b) Tellshow-Do immobilization of the head in a non-compliant patient? «) Desensitization dl) Voice control 2}, Papoose Board ») PedicWrap (COMEDK-09, 11) ) Forearm-body support) All ofthe above 78. “Whistle” is a word substitute for explaining the (KAR -2013), following instrument in children ~ 89, Universally used method of behaviour management a) High speed hand piece b) Suction apparatus in pediatric dentistry for both cooperative and ©) Low speed hand pieced) Air syringe uncooperative children is {(comEDK-09) a} Voice control ») Behaviour shaping 79. A-mother who does NOT encourage her child to cope up ) Implosion Therapy) Communication with new situations thereby making him shy and timid is (COMEDK -2013) an example of an 90, When a dentist says “I cannot fix your teeth if you do a) Overprotective mother b) Under affectionate mother rot open your mouth wide”, he is employing Authoritarian mother 4) Rejecting mother 2) Problem onnership —b) Voice control (Kcer-2011) ) Tolerance 4) Alexbiity 80, The first book on child dentistry was published by (COMEDK -2013) 8) GW Wright b) doseph Hurlock 91. Wright's clinical classification of children’s cooperative ©) Granuldy «) Robert Buna behaviour has categories (KceT-2011) a3 6 a1. ‘enforcing good behaviour displayed by the 38 a2 child with verbal praise applies the (KAR -2013) 4) Operant conditioning theory 92. Which of the following anesthetic agent is frequently 5) Classical conditioning theory used for conscious sedation? <)_Psychoanalytical theory 2) Nitrous oxide and oxygen 4) Social learning theory b) Choral hydrate (Kcer-2011) ©) Diazepam 4) Ether 82, An effective state of consciousness in which joy, sorrow, (KAR -2013), fear, hate or the likes are expressed is termed as 93. A two way process of exchanging or shaping ideas, ) Behavior b) Emotion feeling and information is called as «) Condition ) Complex 2), Education ') Communication (comeDk-2011) )_ Interview ) Suggestion 83, A parent asks the dentist, ‘Is the treatment necessary?’ (COMED-16) afterinitia examination and explanation about treatment 94. Id, ego and super ego are part of required. The behaviour of the parent is termed as 2a). Piaget’s theory a) Neglectful b) Manipulative b) Freud's psychoanalytical theory «) Hostile 4) Overprotective c) Stone and Churchill's theory (comeDK-2011) ) Brickson’s theory 86, Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development is (COMED-16) characterized by a) Egocentricism b) Symbotic play 7% A075) ¢ 6) D7) © yA 7) A BO) B81) A m2) Be) Cc (eA) B 5) A 86) 0 87) B88) C89) D 90) A 91) A 92) A 53) B94) Ba | 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. Office personnel who are at higher risk of NO toxicity, to. Prevent them the most sensitive test for nitrous oxide detection. 2) Lamilar flow. b) Dosimeter )_Infrered spectrophotometer 4) High suction speed (ALIMS Nov-14) Self-inflicted bites are seen in? 2) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome b) Friese Maria syndrome ©) Cockanye syndrome —d) Brodie syndrome (Por DEC-2013) Egocentrism and animation is found in the following stage of cognitive development? 1) Sencorimotor stage b) Preoperative stage ) Operational staged) Concrete operational (Por DEC-2013) 10 25-50 is suggestive of? a) Imbecile b) Idiot ©) Moron 4) Genius (PGT UNE-13) 3 year old girl having delayed milestones, playing with herself, difficulty in learning is likely to be suffering from 2) Mental retardation b) Autism ©). Specific Learning Disorder 4) ADHD (AIMS MAY -14) A child of 10-11 years of age cannot follow the ‘demonstration of tooth brushing technique. Then he has 10 level below? 2) 36-51 b) 90-110 ¢) 70-75 a) 52-68 (ALIMS Nov-14) PEDODONTICS RSs) — 95) © 9) & OB 98) A (98) B10) ADental Pulse _ 1, CHILD PSYCHOLOGY - ANSWERS ‘X [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 152] Hand over mouth exercise (HOME) is the behaviour modification method of “aversive conditioning’. Indicatio + 3-6 years + Acchild who can understand simple verbal commands. * Children displaying uncontrollable behaviour. Healthy child displaying uncontrollable behaviour. Contraindicatio © Child under 3 years of age. © Handicapped / immature / frightened child Physical, mental and emotional handicap. [Mc Donald 6th ed 39/ Shobha Tandon 1st ed 139] Frankel’s behaviour rating scale 'N [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 132] Fear is a primary reaction due to a known danger while anxiety is @ reaction to unknown danger. Types of fe ‘© Innate fear - Without stimuti or previous experience. ‘© Subjective fear - Fears transmitted (suggested) ‘to the individual by family, friends, ete ‘© Objective fear - Fears due to own experience and direct stimulation of sense organs. Best method of communicating | Use af Euphemisms with a fearful deaf child (word substitutes) or reframing Basic fer of a 2:year-old eh | oF separation rom Definitely |» Refuses treatment during is first visit to the | Fem o negative (--) |» ries forcefully dentist elated to ce Negative (-) | Reluctant to accept treatment and Type of fear 6 ts old child In| ive fear displays evidence of slight negativism. dentistry is B Positive («) | Accepts treatment but during Type of fear isthe most usually | Lang standing treatment may become uncooperative. dificult to overcome subjective fears Definitely |» Good rapport withthe dentist Thebestway tohelpa ightened | Identification of the positive (r+) | + Unigue behaviour atid to overcome his fear | fear ‘K [Ne Donald th ed 46] ‘X [Mc Donald Sth ed 339) Barbiturates may cause paradoxical hyperexcitability rather than sedation in some children. Nitrous oxide causes diffusion hypoxia when the sedation is reversed at the end ‘of the procedure. This can be prevented by maintaining 100% ‘oxygen for 5-10 min, after sedation procedure. Ketamine produces dissociative type of anaesthesia in children. ‘C [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 159] The dose of 40% N20 + 60% 02 is commonly used for N20 conscious sedation. 53-25% |» Moderate sedation. 1,0 causes | « piminution of fear and ansety. Marked relaxation. 25-45% | Dissociation sedation and analgesia. No causes |» Floating sensation. * Reducing Bink ate + Euphorie state (laughing 985) 45-65% |» Total anaesthesia. NO causes |» Anaigsia is complete. + arked amnesia, Effective methods for the | * Reconditioning, ‘management of fears are Explanation The four-year-old child who is aggressive in his behaviour fn the dental stress situation is usually manifesting a basic Achild patient demonstrating resistance in the dental office | Anxiety is usually manifesting Spoiled nature 1’ [Mc Donald 8th ed 296/ Shobha Tandon Ast ed 155] Contraindications of N20 sedation: = coPD © Asthma ‘+ Respiratory infections ‘© Sickle cell anemia (for general anaesthesia, all anemias are contraindicated) ‘© Otitis media and epilepsy.a | 10. a1 12. 2a. “C [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 126] Child psychology theories can be classified as: I. Psychodynamic theories © Psychosenual theory - ‘+ Psychosocial theory ~ Sigmund Freud Eric Erickson © Cognitive theory = Piaget IL, Behavioural theories + Hierarchy of needs ~ Master ‘© Social learning theory ~ Bandura ‘© Classical conditioning Paviow Operant conditioning - Skinner Which of the following is NOT a behavioural theory? a) Cognitive b) Hierarchy of needs ©) Social learning 4) (Classical conditioning (KAR -2013) ‘8! [Me Donald 5th ed 3] The aim ofthe frst visit with a child includes the options A, Cand O The treatment should be started in subsequent visi ‘except in acute conditions like an abscessed, badly carious or painful tooth, etc ‘B [Me Donald 5th ed 43] ‘8! [Me Donald 8th ed 37] The 10 formula used by Binet was the following Mental age T0=~GFronologic age x 100 fe Below 69 | Mentally retarded. Below 90 | Low average. 90-110 | Average. Most of the children belong to this age. ‘Above 110 | High average or superior. After Binet test, more than 300 tests have been devised to measure intellectual development and the best known and best standardized of these tests are Wechsler intelligence seales. According to the intelligence quotient classification, 2 score of 120-139 is (KAR -2013) ‘Ans. Superior Binet's 10 formula is 4) Mental age/ chronological age x 100 b) Chronologic age/ mental age x 100 c) Mental age / dental age x 100, 4) Mental age / psychological age x 100 (KERALA-2015) (¢ [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 126] PEDODONTICS 414, ‘B [Shobha Tandon Ast ed 148) Tell'Show-Do ‘Addleslon Modelling Bandura Desensitization Joseph Wolpe HOME ‘Jordan Dental home Concept | Arthur nowak 15. ‘B’ [Shobha Tandon Ast ed 147] Verbal communication is best for children above 3 years of age. Voice should be constant, gentle and should express empathy and firmness, Use of Euphemisms (word substitutes) or reframing is very important while dealing with the child patient, 16. ‘D’ [Mc Donald 8th ed 302] Agents used for sedation in children a cues +N0+0, + Frequently utilized method + Diazepam Benzotizepines | 7 an + Barbiturates Seca PHS |S chirahysate * Meperidine Narcotics + Fentanyl + Hydroyzine * Promethazine (phenergam) Aatinistamines | chlorpromazine + Diphentycremine Dissociative agents | + Ketamine 17. °B [Check Explanation Below] Lap to lap position is the recommended position for performing oral hygiene procedures in 1 ~ 3 yrs child 18. ‘B [Me Donald 8th ed 47] 19. ‘C [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 173] Peer pressure could show up in teen’ life early, but it will have its maximum impact when kid enters the teenage years 20. ‘D’ [Me Donald ath ed 290] Before sedating a normal child It is important to take informed consent and have the parents present during procedure. A child with previous medical history however requires consultation with the child's physician. 21, ‘BY [Mc Donald 8th ed 550] In treating dental problems of visually improved children, use of touch, taste and smell method is beneficial over TSD (Tell-Show-Do) 22. [Shobha Tandon ist ed 126] Bes) ———( A 23. 24. 25. 26. ar. 28. 29. 30. a1, 32, 33. 34, Dental Pulse e ‘D’ [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 139] “W [Me Donald 5th ed 339] ‘W [Check Explanation Below] Newborn / neonate | Birth to 28 days Tafancy Tilt year Toddler 1-3 years Pre-school 36 years School age (6 = 10 years © Boys - 14-16 years, ‘Adolescents Girls - 10-14 years y ‘W [Me Donald 8th ed 35] Pedodontic teatment triangle Is based on a one-to-two telationship ic., dentist-child patient and family. The child is at the apex of the triangle and is the focus of attention of, both the family and the dentist. [Shobha Tandon ast ed 139] “C [Me Donald &th ed 35) [A 2-year old child is often referred to as inthe stage of “the terrible twos’ or “pre-cooperative stage”. ‘D’ [Check Explanation Below] Reconditioning has proved to be a successful psychological ‘tool to alter behaviour. Explanation to the child of the ‘event for which he has fear is helpful in the management of fear, Reassurance is an honest manner by itself restores confidence and reduces fear. ‘D' [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 539] Etiological factors of mental retardation fo Natal Post natal ‘Maternal and fetal | Birth |» Cerebral infections injuries | trauma Eg: Rubella © Infection |» Meningitis * Genetic diseases = Cerebral | © Poisoning fg: Down's syndrome |” trauma | ¢ watnatrition * Fetal alcohol syndrome Metabolic disorders Phenyl ketonuria and galactosemia are two metabolic diseases associated with retarded mental development and they can be treated by appropriate nutrition measures [Shobha Tandon ist ed 144] 35. 36. 37. 38. 39, 40. aa. 42. 43. _ “C [Check Explanation Below] Due to separation anvdety, parents in most cases should accompany the child for treatment upto atieast 2 years of age. 'B! [Me Donald 8th ed 41] Comparison of one child's behaviour with another is not only damaging to child's ego, it will cause the dentist to lose the child's respect. Y [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 144] Cees Over protective Over indulgent | Aggressive, demanding, display temper tantrums ‘Authoritative | Evasive and dawdting. Rejecting Aggressive, disobedient. Under affectionate | Well behaviour, cries easly ‘N [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 154] Sedation is the act of calming, allays excitement without producing sleep. Sedative drugs decreases the responsiveness to any level of stimulation and causes some decrease in ‘motor activity and ideation. Hypnotic is a drug that produces and/or maintains sleep, similar to normal arousable sleep. This isnot to be confused with ‘hypnosis’ meaning a trans Uke state in which the subject becomes passive and highly suggestible, [Me Donald Sth ed 52] ‘N [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 134] 'D’ [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 148) Desensitization is an effective method for reducing ‘maladaptive behaviour. It is accomplished by teaching the child a competing response such as relaxation and then introducing progressively more threatening stimuli 'N [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 148] Modelling is based on social-learning principle allowing 2 patient to observe one or more models demonstrating positive behavior in a situation. ‘© Live models ~ siings, parents Filmed models © Posters © Audio visual aids 'N [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 148) Indications for TSD (TELL- SHOW- DO): ‘© Child more than 3 years of age. Fearful child. First visit TSD is the most popularly used technique for modifying behaviour by desensitization in children.ee | 46 45. PEDODONTICS The non-pharmacologie technique that has remained ‘erophobia Height a comer stone of behaviour management is (AP-14) era ro 2) TelLShow-De_b) Averse conditioning : : 6) Hand Over Houth Exercise Zoophobia Animals €) olce contol Nenophobia Stanger ‘a [Me Donald th e4 44) eu a Voice contol is the effective communicative technique [Cawstophobia | Closed space Using sudden and firm commands to stop the disuptive [Agoraphobia Open space behavior and to get the child’ attention ‘Arachnophobie | Spider 'K [Mc Donald 8th ed 45] Anthropophobia | People Behavior shaping is 2 form of behavior modification | Eynophobia og technique based on principles of social learning. It is the procedure that slowly develops desired behavior. The behavior shaping techniques are: * Desensitization (TS0) Modelling * Contingency management 46. 8! [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 144] 47.’ [Shobha Tandon ist ed 122] 48. ‘C [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 122] Psychic structure proposed by Freud is composed of Id, Ego nd Superego. The stages of development of Freuds theory are: 52, ‘B [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 141) cc rr hts classifi Hysterical / Pre-school children at their fist dental Uncontrolled _| visit characterized by temper tantrums. Seen in spoilt or stubborn child. the ery Defiant / | of the child is characterized by siren like Obstinate vocabulary Timid J shy | Over protective child, Stoic Physically abused child Whinning type | Complaining type Tense co- | Borderline between positive and negative operative | behavior Oral |= Mouth is the site for identifying needs.| 53. ‘D’ [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 150] stage | Satisfaction of oral desires. Audio analgesia or white noise is a method of reducing pan FR Ear Setting nips in development of rat This technique conssts of providing a sound stimulus such as pleasant music to reduce stress and reaction to pai. ‘Anal zone becomes the primary zone of| pleasure. Gratifcation ‘is derived ftom) 54. py {Shobha Tandon 1st ed 152) ‘Anal_—_| expelling of withholding feces + Ot 4 stage | » Overemphasis by parents on toilet training | $5. ‘B’ [Mc Donald 8th ed 37] (234) | will result” in compulsive, obstinate nes personality, Less controled toilet training results in impulsive personality later. 52-68 _ | Wild — can be educated in special cases. Phallic |.» child develops attraction towards opposite 36-51 | Noderate = can be trained to perform stage | sex parent. It is called os Oedipus complex self-help sills (COMEDK-08) (2-5yrs) | im boys and electra complex in gis. 20-35 [Severe - Abilities limited to simple language and basic help skill This stage coresponds with the development 2 Latency | of mixed dentition and character formation, 19 | Profound ~ Custodial care required stage | Naturation of ego. takes place. Further development of personality and sis occur ‘ecording to Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, the Genitat | Sense of identity develops. can satisy degree of mental disability with a range of 36-51 is genital potency and realizes goals for termed as (cET-14) stage reproduction. a) Severe b) Moderate «) Profound é) mild 49,‘ [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 124] 56. ‘D’ [Shobha Tendon 1st ed 152] 50. ‘D' [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 122] Physical restraine are last resort for handling uncooperative Option 0's an example of behavior theory. or handicapped patients, Tt can be ~ Active ~ restraints performed by dentist or parents 54,’ [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 137] or statt. Phobia is isolated fear ofa single object or situation, + Passive — with the aid of restraining device. Bes) ———( A 57. 59. 60. 61. 62. 83. 64, 65. Dental Pulse * Papoose Board = Pedi wrap Bean bag Towels and tapes = Posey straps Veco straps ** Mouth blocks ‘= Mouth props + Banded tongue blades Head positioner and Forearm body support are the restraints used in un-cooperative patients. ‘8 [Mc Donald 8th ed 237] ‘D' [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 130, 131] 'X [Shobha Tandon ist ed 151] [Shobha Tandon ast ed 148] ‘C [Me Donald 8th ed 304] Dosage of Midazolam in children # Oral - 0.25 to 1.0 ma/Ag to a maximum single dose of 20mg. + IM 0.1 to 0.15 mg/kg to a maximum dose of 10mg. + Syrup ~ 2ma/mt + Injectable ~ 1mg/l and 5mg/m vals ‘C [Mc Donald 8th ed 45] Behaviour learning is the establishment of a connection between @ stimulus and a response. For this reason, it is sometimes called Stimulus-Response (S-R) theory ‘ (Finn 4th ed 22 - 23] For most of children, fear of dentistry is subjective and is not the result of previous dental care ‘D [Shobha Tandon 1st ed 127] According to Piaget Cognitive theory, the sequence of development has been categorized into 4 major stages. ‘+ Sensorimotor stage (0 to 2 yrs) ‘© Pre-operational stage (2 to 6 ys) ‘© Concrete operation stage (7 to 12 yrs) ‘© Formal operation stage (11 to 15 yrs) 'C [wwwaapd.org/media/policies_ guidelines) ‘The recommended techniques by American Academy of Pediatric Dentists standards are: ‘© Tell-show-do © Voice control ‘© Non-verbal communication ‘© Distraction ‘© Positive reinforcement _ 66. ‘A’ [Mc Donald 8° ed 298) 85% dentists utilize this route. ‘Done with Nitrous oxide (conscious sedation) By far, the most universally accepted and easiest method. + No discomfort, patient readily accepts it. ‘IF taste is objectionable drug may be mixed with a palatable liquid. 3. Tntramuscular ‘© Not preferred especially in younger age group. ‘May be used if patient refuses to take orally 4. Intravenous ‘Difficult to accomplish in very young children due to smaller vein size. ‘© Route of choice in physically impaired and cognitively, disabled patients 5. Submucosal + Site usually is buccal vestibule, especially area of ‘axillary primary molar or canine teeth. 67. ‘A’ [Me Donald 8" ed 543] 68, ‘C'[Shobha Tandon 20ed 136] 69, ‘A’ [Shobha Tandon 2% ed 153] HOME technique was introduced by Evangeline Jordan in 1920. 70, ‘D' [Shobha Tandon 2” ed 153] HOME and physical restraints are methods of aversive conditioning. 74, °C [Me Donald 8% ed 46] The negative behaviour of child may be the result of previous dental visitor the effect of improper parental orientation. So the stimulus must be altered to elicit a change in the response. Ifthe original stimulus and the new one are very similar, then the response will be similar, This is known as Stimulus generalization. To offset the generalization, the ental team must demonstrate a ‘diference: For example, use of N,0 - 0, sedation when retraining children offers a difference 2. ‘© [Me Donald 8" ed 46] 74, ‘A’ [Me Donald 8° ed 543)a | 75. 76. 1 78. 79. 80. a1. 82. 83. 84. °C [Me Donald 8° ed 49, Reference Point No.18] DW chambers article “Behaviour management technique for pediatric dentists: an embarrassment of riches” Journal ‘of Dent Child 1977. The theory of chambers is that voice control is most effective when used in conjunction with ‘other communications. Other quotes: ‘= Me Elroy 1895: Although operative dentistry may be perfect, the appointment is failure if the child departs in tears. ‘+ Greenbaum: Physical contact helps children to relax. ‘+ Wepman and Sonnerberg: proposed Problem ownership [shobha Tandon 2~ ed 147] 'C [Shobha Tandon 2“ ed 150] ‘Joseph Wolpe in 1975 proposed desensitization as behaviour modification technique. ‘A’ [Refer synopsis/ Mc Donald 8" ed 44] [Shoba tendon 1" ed 145] ‘8! [Pinkham 3" ed 4) ‘The fist comprehensive textbook on dentistry for children is published in 1924 by Joseph Murloc. ‘x [Shoba Tandon 1” ed 125] Individuals response is changed as a result of reinforcement for extinction of previous response, Hence, satisfactory outcome will be repeated while unsatisfactory outcomes will diminish in frequency, Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, omission and punishment are the four different types of operant conditioning, ‘8! [Shobha tendon 1° ed 130] Development of emotions depend on maturation in the nervous system and the endocrinal system. Difference in ‘emotional responsiveness between children and adults ‘appear partly due to cortical immaturity and partly due to difference in endocrine output. °’ [Shobha Tandon 2nd ed 130] + Deer etree bh stage 1] + tnfntscorinate sesary experiences Sersrimtor | (sch as seeing. and feang) ith sage Phyl and motor ato + beginning of ymbale tought (ly) Deer Bete 2-7 years + Lota inadequate mental operations Stge-2 | sretallmarkof te stage Pe sonny |" eseentism and animism ae the pe lintadons of hs tage + Cansatin and conservation ate both involved preoperative ought PEDODONTICS 85. 87. + Occurs between 7-12 years + Important process during this stage are: Stage -3 + Seriation Concrete + Transitivity operational | - Classification stage = Decentering = Reversibility = Conservation =__Elimination of egocentrism Commences around 11 years (puberty) Stage 4 and continues to adulthood raat * Development of logical reasoning ‘operational | * Can consider a hypothetical situation stage. Uses deductive or inductive logic to ‘make decisions or solve problems + Development of adult egacentrism “A [Shobha Tandon 2nd ed 154] “D’ [Shobha Tandon 2nd ed 157] Conscious sedation: Minimally depressed level of consciousness that retains the patient’ abitity to maintain airway independently and respond appropriately to physical stimulation and verbal command. Deep Sedatio ‘controlled state of depressed consciousness, accompanied by a partial loss of protective reflexes, including inability to respond purposefully to a verbal command. General anesthes! Controlled state of unconsciousness, accompanied by partial or complete loss of protective reflexes, including inability to maintain airway and does not respond to physical stimulation or verbal command. “B’ [Principles and practice of dentistry By MS Muthu & NN Sivakumar 1st ed 374] Educators have termed the children affected with minimal brain dysfunction as learning disability. The signs of learning disability aret ‘© Short attention span © Distractibitity ‘+ Hyperactivity © Avhwardness ‘+ Wild speech impairment Nowadays the term learning disability is applied to children who exhibit a disorder in one or more of the basic physiologic processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language. Learning disability includes dyslexia (difficulty in reading), dyscatculia (difficulty in calculations), developmental aphasia, brain injury, and minimal brain dysfunction. Tt affects boys mare than girls. One of the problems of learning disability which causes ‘management problems is hyperactivity. ae) ——88. a9, 90. on 92. 93. 94, Dental Pulse [A special diet called as Feingold diet has been said ‘to be useful in treatment of hyperactivity but remains controversial ‘€ [Shobha Tandon 2nd ed 154] Head positioner and Forearm body support are the restraints used in un-cooperative patients. ‘D [Shobha Tandon 2nd ed 149] Communication: © Universally used with both cooperative cooperative children ‘+ Forms basis for establishing relationship with the child. ‘It should start from the first entry into the reception area and non- ‘X [Me Donald 9th ed 36] Problem ownership: © Negative messages like ‘You must sit still; undermine the rapport between child and dentist. “You" messages carry the implication that the child is wrong, ‘Instead “I” messages increase the flow of information. a. I cannot fix your teeth if you do not open your ‘mouth wide. This is called problem ownership ‘When dentist says, “I can not fix your teeth if you do not open your mouth wide”, he is employin (MHCET-15) 4) Voice control b) Behaviour shaping {) Negative reinforcement _d) Problem ownership 'X [Shobha Tandon 2nd ed 143] Cooperative Relaxed child with minimal behaviour apprehension Usually seen in 0-3 years child, Lacking i cooperative abiy | stl Hl hin and mental wandicap, Has potential to cooperate, but Potentially ‘a sm, the ne a Pra ieee In question No.52, Wright's un-cooperative (negative) behaviour is explained, 'K [Shobha Tandon 2nd ed 160] ‘B! [Check Explanation Below] Communication is 2 two way process of sharping or ‘exchanging experiences, information, ideas, opinion, feeling etc, Between the source of communication and receiver through some mutually agreeable or known media (verbal or non verbal). ‘B! [Check Synopsis] 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. _ “C [ADA guide to dental therapeutics 555] Nitrous Oxide is a commonly used drug in pediatric entity. It is considered as an environmental hazard for dental personnel if chronically exposed to ambient nitrous oxide. N,0 levels should be controlled so that no worker Is exposed to a time weighted average concentration of NO greater than 25 ppm. The N,0 leak can be diagnosed with 3 portable infrared spectrophotometer. As N'O has a distinctive infrared spectrum, which comprises a finely detailed structure superimposed on two main peaks, it can be detected with infrared spectrophotometer. 'N [Me Donald 9th ed 389) Self-mutilation by biting has been associated with several emotional disturbances such as Lesch-Nyham syndrome (Ls), congenital insensitivity to pain and autism. Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome is an linked recessive disease, It js a disorder of purine metabolism causing hyperuricemia, neurological disorders, and impaired kidney function, retardation of mental and motor development. The most distressing aspect of this syndrome is the self-inflicted damage resulting in partial to complete amputation of fingers, nose, lips and tongue. B’ [Check Explanation of Q.No.84] [Mc Donald 9th ed 469] Gene eetn Intellectual disability [10 Tdiot 25 Imbecile 25-50 Moron 50-70 Poe cae) SC LCC Cee a Child can speak well enough ils 55-69 52-67 | for most communication needs Communicates at Moderate | 40-56 36-51 | a basic level with others = Mute or Severe or | 39nd |.35 and | communicates profound | below | below | grunts «Little or no stills “B [Me Donald 9th ed 475] Autism is an incapacitating disturbance of mental and emotional development that causes problems in learning and communicating. This life-long developmental disability manifests itself during the first 3 years of life, dificult to diagnose and has no cure, The children have poor muscle tone, poor coordination, drooling, hyperactive kneejerk andoY 100. strabismus. They tend to pouch food instead of swallowing, along with desire for sweetened foods which makes them susceptibility to cares, ‘ (Me. Donald 9th ed 473] 10 of 36-51 is moderate mental disability might have difficulty in following demonstration of tooth brushing technique. PEDODONTICS Ree) —(rn Dental Pulse _ Sr 2. CARIES AND RESTORATIVE. DENTISTRY The pulp horn that is most likely to be exposed during 10. cavity preparation on deciduous molars is 4) Nesiabuccal of frst molar )_Distobuceal of first molar ©) Nesiabuceal of second molar 4) Distobuceal of second molar (PGI -03, AIPG -01,02) In a preschool child, early carious involvement of the maxillary anterior teeth, maxillary and mandibular first primary molars and mandibular canines is called a) Dental caries b) Feeding caries a. Incidence of caries in patients with Downs's syndrome is 4) Same as general population b) Less as compared to general population ©), Greater as compared to general population 4) None of the above (MAN -02) A stainless steel crown should normally extend below the gingival crest approximatel a) Imm b) 1.5 mm c) 2mm d) 25mm (KAR -01) 6) Milk caries €) Nursing caries 12. Most common cause of failure of class II restoration in (MAN -94) children i 3. Parents should begin cleaning a child's mouth a) Narginfetlure ) Proximal box facture 2) By the time first tooth erupts 6) Inadequate width 4) Too much width ) When all deciduous teeth erupt (atPs -97) ©) When all anterior teeth have erupt 13. GIC is done for primary teeth mainly because 4d) When incisors and first molars have erupt 2) Its colour (PGE -02, MAN -94) _—_b) Its adhesion to dentin and enamel 4, Restoration of chotce in endodontically treated primary __—_c)_ Fluoride release secondary molar in 9-year-old child ie 4) All of the above 4) Stainless steel crown b) Cast gold crown (atP6 2K) ©) Amalgam 4) Zine Oxide eugenol 14, In a case of rampant caries the ideal procedure to (WAN -98) "perform in the first visit is: 5. Iron content in 3m stainless steel crowns is 8) Diet contra instructions a) 20% b) 40% 1) Topical fluoride application ©) 60% 4) 10% 6) Grose excavatin and restoration of teeth (MAN 01) d) None of the above 6. The difficulty in adopting a stainless steel crown to a (KAR -02) primary mandibular first molar is. 415. Which of the following series act as the best space 4) Wide bucco lingual contact maintainer in a chile's mouth? 8) Buceal cervical ridge showing constriction 2) Restored deciduous tooth ©) Prominent oblique ridge ) Aergiie partial denture 4) AlLof the above ©) Distal shoe space maintainer (AIPG -03, MAN -02) di) Band and loop space maintainer A gingival wall is difficult to obtain in primary molar (atins -92) when it extends too far gingivally in class If cavities 16. In diet counseling to reduce caries, because 8) Sugar is estricted to meals time 4) Facial pulp horn may be exposed b) Suga is stricted to one times a day 5} Tnelnation of cervical enamel rods oecusally )Restrieted to only liquid sugars «) Of marked cervical constriction 4) Restricted to fibrous food. 4) Prime contact is broad and flat (Pst -02) (MAN-97) 47. The term ‘rampant cares’ applies to a mouth havin 8, Whatis the name forthe form of caries, which is rapidly a). 5 or more lesions/year b). 10 or more lesions/year progressing? 6) 20r more lesions/year 4) 12 or more lesions /vear 2) Rampant caries) Nursing bottle eaies (kA 24) «) Aeute dental caries) Chronie dental caries 18, 3 year old gict has a central incisor removed because of (HAN -99) "trauma. What is the best appliance to use to replace the AlLare true of nursing bottle carries except missing tooth? 2) Maxillary central incisors are most effected a) removable appliance 5) Mandibular central incisors are least effected ) Fixed tingual wir with a tooth attached <)_Pacifying sugar solutions are the cause )_A fixed lingual wire only 4) Breast milk does not cause the canltion 4) Hawley appliance with replacement tooth (aN -98) (KAR -02) TOAD) 0 SuAD4 A Beno) 8 Moe A Gobi) 8 Gla 2) 8) cm) C5) A) A) Bw)PEDODONTICS 19. The first teeth become involved in nursing bottle caries) Crimping usually ares (Pat -2x) 2) Mandibular canines) Masilay anterior teth 29. In preparing a primary molar fora stainless steel crown, 6) Mandibular anterior teeth the surface requiring the least amount of reduction te 4) Maxillary and mandibular teth 2) Occlusal 8) Lingual (61-01, AR-2K) 6) esi. 4) Fadat 20. The bacteria responsible for causing nursing bottle (KAR 02, PGLAUNE- 13) caries are 30. To prepare a cavity ona mandibular fist mola in a child 5) Lactobacius only wa should gives 5) Streptococcus Lactobacillus 2) Mental nerve Block _b) Lingual neve block ¢)Streptococeus,Lactbacils & Veilonelis 6) Inferior alveolar nerve black and long buccal nerve block 4) Strereptococcus, Lactobacillus & Neisseria ) Long buccal nerve block (4ar -24) (nuns -29) 24. Stainless stel crown was introduced by 34. The proximal wall ofa dass cavity ona deciduous mal 2) Humphrey 6) Stewart 2) Follow diections of enamel rods ¢) Mac Donald 8) Pinhal 5) Converge toward occlusal surface (KAR -99) ©) Diverge toward occlusal surface 22, Teeth that are most resistant to nursing bottle caries 4) Undermine enamel whichis very thin 2) Mailaryantriorsb) Masilary molars (APG -01, ALINS -99) 6) Mandibular anterors 4) Mandibular molars 32, Nursing bottle caries results from (AP 98) 3) Drinking human milk b) Drinking non-human mitk 23. Imprimary teeth, gingival seat in a clas I preparation 6) Drinking mik with sweetening aditve 2) Left unbevelled 4) Improper feeding posture b) Beveled so as to remove caries (PGI -98) ) Beveled so as to remove unsupported enamel rods 33. In treating a case with rampant caries: 4) Beveled same as permanent tooth 4) Restrict intake of sweets only (761-95, 01) _) Allow no sugar for 21 days 24, (A high-risk dental cares individual is on preventive) Allow no sugar for? days schedule the suger exposure should be: 8) None ofthe above 2) Reduced to mealtimes (APG -01, pcr -01) b) Reduced to no exposure permanently 34, The rubber dam is particularly adaptable to the primary ©) Reduced to no exposure for 21 days second molar because the: 4) Reduced to meal time exposute for 21 days 2) Declso cervical height favours its retention (PGI -01) ) Cervical constriction of the crown favours its retention 25. The most important morphologic or histological _¢)-Mesiobuceal bulge favours its retention Consideration in cavity preparation in primary teeth isd) Smaller diameter of the crown (as compared to permanent thes teeth) favours its retention 2) Size of primary molars (AIPG -02) b) Thickness of enamel and dentin 35, Gingivitis i at ts peak in children at ag 6) Direction af theroots below thecemento enameljuncion a) 3~ 4yeas 3) 6~7 years 4) Direction ofthe enamel ods atthe cervical region ©) N= isyears——d) 15-18 years {AIPG -03) (aR -98) 26, The source of calcium ions of a calcific bridge ina 36, Ina 9 — year old which permanent tooth surface will tooth in which calcium hydroxide pulpotomy has be show greatly increased cares tncldance: perfermed is 2) Labial surface of central incisor 2) Blood vessel borne b) Derided cals 5) Ocelsal surface of cena incor 6} Dentin 4) From the calcium hydroxide 6) Hesil surface of central incisor (AUINS-26) 4) Occlusal surface of ater incisor 27. The primary reason for replacing teeth destroyed due (rc1-01) to nursing bottle syndrome fst, 37. Ina 9- year-old child caries is commonly seen on: 2) ‘Speech and aesthetics b) Form and funtion 2) Oelosal surface of lower parmanert first molar ©) Incising and mastication 5) Ocelsal surface of upper permanent frst molar 4) Ach perimeter requirements inthe transitional dentition c) Distal surface of lower permanent fist molar (AIPG-81) ——_d) Mes surface of upper peimanent first molar 28. Retention in a stainless stel crown is achlevedpriarly by: (rot -88) 2) chamfer 6) cement 38, The presence of higher amounts of protne-rich proteins 6) Paral itl and mesial walls (PRP) can have what Kind of effect. on caries causation? 2) Carles promoting since they help in bacterial adherence ee) © AA CBA) se) A AAT a) Caw x) co) 8 2) C33) Be) BS) ce) a) A 8) (sss) =Dental Pulse b) Make tooth surface resistant to caries since it enhance fluoride action 12) Ithas role during tooth mineralization only therefore no effect on cares 48. _ 4) All ofthese (aP-06) Which of the following sugars contributes Least to the dental caries: 4) Aid in super saturation of saliva therefore make tooth a). Fructose ») Galactose resistant to cares 6) Sucrose 4) tol (APG -04) 39. The thickness of rubber dam for children 49, What i the Ph of calcium hydrox 3) 6x6" b) 3x3” a7 ») 20 o) 5x5" ¢) axe" 9% 34 (AP -02) (comED-05) 40. Pit and fissure sealants are bound to tooth surface by 50. Carisolv which is a chemicomechanical substance used 8) Chemical bond) Mechanical Retention for caries remov «) Adhesive bond 8) It contains glycine and lysine 4d) Chemical and mechanical bond b) Te does not contain 0.5 Natl (PSt-01) _—) thas pl of?) Ik contains enythrocin dye 41. Aspartame is a (51-06) 2) Non-calorie sweetener b) Caloric sweetener 51. Rubber dam was introduced by ) Sugar complex) None of the above a) Tomy Hanks ) S.C. Barnum (AIPG 08) c) Hedstorm 4) GW. Black 42, Fiber-optic trans-llumination (FOT1) method of caries (xcet-07) diagnosis is based on the principle of: 52. All the following criteria contribute to a successful direct 4) When Laser beam falls on carious enamel, it gives @ pulp capping procedure except bluish hue 5) Haemorthage from the exposure site is easly controled 8) A fluorescent dye is taken up by carious dentine which) The exposure site is small, les than 0.5mm in diameter can be viewed easily ) Exposure site is the consequence of infected dentin ) There is a different index of tight transmission for extending into the pulp decayed or sound enamel ) Exposure occured in a clean uncontaminated field 4) The conductance of normal and decayed tooth tissue is (xcer-07) different. 53. Pulp vitality n ease of trouma is: (WAR -04) a) Recheck after 10-15 days 43, Ina child, irvtation in gingiva after insertion of stainless _b) Within 24 hours steel crown is due to ) Within 1 week 4) Within 65 days a) Metal ions released from stainless steel (cet-07) 5) Due to accumulation of plague between gingiva and 54. The CAT in pediatric dentistry is eronn 2) Caries Activity Test b) Caries Advancement Test ©) Cements leach out Caries Rsk Assessment Tool 4) Improper placement ) Child Aptitude Test (AatP6-2012) (comeok-08) 44. Arch criminal in care 55. Who discovered stainless stee a) Sucrose b) Complex carbohydrate a) Adams C2. Schwarz A «) Yylitat 4) Glucose c) Brearley 4) Backofen WA and Gales 6.F (Pst -99) (KceT-08) 45, Stainless steel crowns are contraindicated in: 56. Rigafede syndrome is seen in: a) Medically compromised patient a) Infant 1b) Adolescent ) After endodontic therapy o) Adult 4) ld age ©) Rampant caries d) Amelogenesis imperfecta (CET-07, PGE JUNE. 13) (AIPG-06) 57. Keys triad does not include 46. Class IL cavity preparation for amalgam restoration in a) time ) substrate deciduous teeth requires: «) tooth 4) fora 4) More buccolingual extension (BHU-07) 5) More mesiodistal extension 58, S-ECCin a child 2,3 or 6 years of age is characterized by: <) More gingival €) More cervical 2) Early involvement of maxillary and mandibular molars & (A1P6-05) the mandibular canines 47, Mechanism of action of pit and fissures sealant is by: ) Mandibular incisors, maxillary & mandibular molar 8) Blocking the nutrient supply to bacteria 6) Mandibular incisors & maxillary canine 8) King miero-organism causing caries 4) Mandibular premolars & maxillary premolars «)Neutralising acid produced by bacteria (wcer-07) Ben) 8 W)lAU@) © aye) A S)UAD 6) A [AUAD <8) 0 layne 50) 051) 8 52) C53) A 54) C55) C56) A 57) A 58) Aa | PEDODONTICS 59. Strip crowns are indicated in pediatric patients with ©) Clinical separation of primary and secondary dentin 2). Extensive caries in anterior teeth 4) Conventional rotary method of cavity preparation ) Extensive caries in posterior teeth (KCET=10) ) Elis clas I fracture 69, The primary reason for replacing teeth destroyed due to 4) Grossly destructed anterior teeth nursing bottie syndrome is (uPsc-09) a) Speech and esthetics _b) Form and function 660. Pulpal infection in primary mandibular posterior teeth is )_Incising and mastication first manifested on a radiograph in the area? 4) Arch perimeter requirements in the transitional dentition 2) OF bifureation b) At the apex of the root (KceT-10) Around the permanent tooth bud 70, Ona primary 2nd molar caries occur most commonly on 4) Near the crest of alveolar bone a) Occlusal pit and fissures (arP6-09) b) Proximal caries below contact point 61. Which aminoacid is absent in Carisolv ©) Buceal surface 2) Glycine b) Glutamie acid 4) Promixal caries above contact point «) Leucine a) lysine (AIMS-08) (AIPG-09) 71. The most aesthetic and frequently placed crown for 62. Stainless steel crowns are contraindicated in primary incisors is - 4) Medically compromised patient (VSO, ASD) 4) Stainless steel crown ) After endodontic therapy b) Open face stainless steel crown } Rampant caries -d)_Amelogenesis imperfecta ) Pre-fabricated veneered steel crowns (KcET-10) 4) Strip crowns 63, Preventive resin restoration is used (KceT-09) 4) Used in cavitated pit and fissure sealants which require 72, Suitable technique used for diagnosis of posterior restoration ‘interproximal caries in children 8) Used in non cavitated pit and fissure sealants 2) Bite wing with Bisecting angle te } Indep caries b) Bite wing with Paralleling technique 4) In non-accessible proximal areas ) Bite wing with RVG) Panoramic Radiography (alP6-2012) (AIINS-09) 64, Caries assessment in children; which one is not high risk 73. A 4-year-old presents with Labio Lingual caries affecting factor nly maxillary incisors and involving molars 4) White opalescent area on the tooth 5) General hypoplasia |) The diagnosis would be }_ Initial demineralization a) Type ete 1b) Type Ir €cc 4) Child with special problems/needs ) Type HIE €CC——d)_ Rampant caries (alP6-2012) 65. The type of laser used in pulpotomy procedure is B) The most probable cause of such a condition is 2) Nd:YAG laser b) Carbon dioxide laser 8) igh salivary pH )_ Argon laser )ErYAG laser 1b) Consumption of eariogenie food (cet=10) ) Inappropriate use of feeding bottle 66, Most important morphologic or histologic consideration 4) Low birth weight in cavity preparation in primary teeth is 2) Size of primary molars ©) The number of Streptococcus mutans Colony forming 5) Thickness of enamel and dentin units (CFU) per unit of saliva will be )_ Direction of roots below CEI 2) Negligible ) 100000 4) irection of enamel rods cervcally «) 10000-10,00,000 <) >10,00,000 (KceT-10) (comeo-2012) 67. There are hard dark brown lesions on the labial surface of | 74. Who gave the term ECC (Early Childhood Caries) all four primary cuspids in seven year old child, the teeth a) Davies ) Moss are not painful and scraping with spoon excavator yields ) Winter 4) Dilley ‘only a few flecks of dried discoloured dentin, what are (COMEDK -2013) these lesions? Caries in a 4 year old child is best assessed by 2) Active carious lesions _b) Artested carious lesions a) Previous caries experience «)_ Local enamel hypoplasia b) Matemal caries ) Abrasions ©) School fucridation 4) Daily fluoride mouthwash (4-08) (ATINS MAY 13) 68. Caries excavation using carisolv 76. In Caries Assessment Test (CAT) which condition doesn’t 2) Conventional preparation design come in highest risk category? 5) Clinical separation of sound and carious dentin a) Isolated with spot lesion on tooth 3) A 60) A 6) A 62) A 6) A 6) C 8) A 66) 8 GB 68) 8 6) A 7) A 71) 072) C738) 8 738) C730) 74) A 75) A 76) A hone) —0 A AAA Dental Pulse 7 78. 78A. 788. 78C. 79. 80. a1. b) Enamel Hypoplasia ©) Child with spectal care need 4) Visible plaque on anterior teeth (AIMS MAY 13) Mother of 10 month old child came with a complaint of non-eruption of teeth, how will you perfectly satisfy their parents. a) Wait and watch 5) You will do OPG which shows developing tooth buds. PA skull view which shows developing tooth buds 4) Paediatric consultation (AIMS may 13) [A year old child was brought to a physician, his mother was complaining of cranky child who does not eat well and does not sleep well too. On general examination, his teeth were several decayed and had signs of malnutrition. The doctor refer him to a pedodontist. What did the dentist suspect? 4) Early Childhood Caries ‘b) Radiation caries ©) Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 4) PFAPA syndrome In the first appointment, the dentist will a) Start the endodontic treatment of the grossly decayed teeth b) Examination the teeth and take radiography ©) Extract the root pieces, 4) Start the restoration of decayed teeth Which among these is not the aetiology of this condition? 4) Bed-time breast feeding b) Honey coated pacifiers ©) Frequent medication 4) Viral infection (comen-14) For selection of stainless steel crown which of the following is not the criterion? 4) Nesial distal diameter ) Light resistance during seating ©) Occlusal morphology 4) Crown height (PotDec-13) Chemotherapeutic plaque control methods involves the use of a) Floss b) Disclosing agent ©). Dentiftices 4) Sugar substitutes (KERALA-2015) The methods of modifying stainless stee primary teeth were given by 4) Garcia-Godoy b) Humphrey ©) Mink and Hill {d) Michelle and Johnson (KERALA-2015) crowns for _ 7 A 76a) A 788) B 7ac) D (79) © 80) =) ¢