FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE REFERENCE BOOKS TAKEN: 1, TYLMAN’S THOERY AND PRACTICE OF F.P.D - 8° EDITION 2. FUNDAMENTALS OF F.P.D by SHILLINGBURG - 3 EDITION PHILLIPS’ (SKINNERS) SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS - 10" & 11" Editions. 4, TEXT BOOK OF FP.D BY ROSENSTIEL - 3" & 4" Editions 5, TEXT BOOK OF PROSTHODONTICS BY NALLASWAMY ~ 1* Edition 6, TEXT BOOK OF PROSTHODONTICS BY RANGARAJAN - 1" Edition Lee 1, PRINCIPLES OF TOOTH PREPARATION 1 The average root surface area of maxillary first molar is 8) Greater bulk of metal (in mm’) b) Proper cementation technique 3) 433 b) 431 ©). Shoulder preparation <) 426 @) 400 4) Proper use of pins and grooves (HAN -02) (AlIHs -01) 2. The average root surface area (mm*) of the maxillary 2" 7. Male component of pier abutment is pla premolar is a) Mesial sie of pontic bi) Distal side of pontic 2) 234 b) 220 ©) Mesial side of abutment a) Distal side of abutment ©) 273 4) 204 (PsI-2011) (MAN -01) 8. In FPD retention is provided by: 3. Ante’s aw is followed in the construction of ) Cement b) Parallet walls 2) Complete denture b) Fixed partial denture ©) Grooves 4) Proximal stce ¢}_ Removable partial denture (Pot 95) 4) All of the above 9. Structural durability is a (MAN 26), 8) Biological phenomenon) Mechanical phenomenon 4. Extra retention in abutment teeth is obtained with: ) Structural phenomenon d) None of the above 2) Dovetail b) Slots, pins and grooves (ae -26) €) utline form 14) Increasing toath reduction 10. Which of the following may least be used as an abutment: (ALIMS -95) 2) Tooth with minimum crown 5. The forces acting through a fixed partial denture on the bb) Tooth with short tapered crown and conical roots abutment tooth should be directed: ©) Rotated and tipped tooth 2) As far as possible at right angles to the long axis of the 4) Pulp treated tooth teeth (Pot -2X) b) Parallel to the long axis ofthe teeth 411, When the height and taper of the preparation are same, ¢}_ By decreasing the mesto-distal dimension Which of the following provides better resistance 4) None of the above 8) Large diameter molar b) Small diameter molar (KAR -02, ATINS -97) ©) Laxge diameter premolar 6. Supplementary retention on the abutment tooth is made 1) Small diameter premolar possible by: (KAR -02) DA) 8 3) 8 4 8 5) B 6 0 A 8) 8 8) B 10) B MD—— (AA Dental Pulse _ 12. Optimum crown to root ratio of the tooth to be used as 4) Biological, mechanical and esthetic requirement abutment is (KAR-04) a) 12 ») 23 22. The posterior tooth that gives a better support is: a @) ea 2) With convergent roots b) Divergent roots (ar -99) ) Conical roots 4) Curved roots 13. Over contoured crowns are most often the result of (AIPG-05) 4) Insufficient tooth reduction 23. A pier abutment is: 5) Overbuilding by technicians 2) Periodontal weak abutment «)_ Desirable, if propery shaped ) With an edentulous space on mesial and distal sides of 4) Increases retention the abutment (Kar -99) )_Edentulous space on one side ofthe abutment 14, The functional cusps are bevelled in the preparation of @) Abutment adjacent to edentulous space posterior east crowns: (AIPG-05, AIIMS- 07) 4) To reduce the stress atthe line angles 24, In case, if maxillary canine is missing and we have to ) To prevent the fracture ofthe tooth structure ‘make a tooth supported FPD, abutment will be: )_ for the structural durability of the restoration 2) Cental incisor, lateral incisor and 1st premolar 4) To help in the retention b) Lateral incisor, Ast premolar 2nd pre molar (anor) ¢) Lateral incisor and 1st premolar 15. Ante's law provides an aid for 4) Te depends upon periodontal status of remaining teeth 4) Selection of pontic _b) Selection of connector (AIPG-05) «) Selection of retainers d) Selection of abutments 25. _Pivoting movement better resisted by a tooth preparation if (tnsc -99) 28) Diameter is smaller b) Diameter is large 16. Ante's law concerns the )_ Diameter is large and length is small 4) Degree of tipping allowable in an abutment tooth 4) Do not depend on diameter af tooth ) Amount of curvature acceptable inthe plane of occlusion (ALP6-05) «) Amount of increase in retentive factor with a full crown 26. Cavesurface margin angulation in chamfer finish line is: versus a three-Quartr crown 2) Always 90° 90° or less than 90° 4) None ofthese ) 90° ormore than 90° d) 120° (1nesc -99) (AIP6-05) 17, The taper that should be present in a prepared tooth as 27. To increase resistance form of an excessively tapered abutment for FPD is preparation a) 10° by 6 a), Reduce height of prpatation to shorten arc of rotation ge 4) Is not important b) Increase cervical reduction to taper (KAR -98) «)_ Add groove 4) Use adhesive cement 18, The ideal crown preparation has a degree of convergence (AIPG-05) from gingival finish line towards occlusal is 28, Ante’s law concerns the a) 2-6 b) aes 8), Degree of tipping allowable in the abutment tooth age é) 8a b) Amount of inerease in retentive Factor witha full crown (aPsc -99) versus a 3/4th crown 49. An anterior FPO is contraindicated when 6) Grown ; Root ratio ) Abutment teeth are non carious «) Ratio of combined pericemental rot surface area ofthe 5) An abutment tooth is inclined 15° abutment teeth and the pericemental rt surface areas «)_ There is considerable resorption of the residual ridge of the teeth to be replaced 4) Crowns of abutment teeth are long (WaR-06) 29, Functional Cusp Bevel is given for: 20. Which ofthe following teeth isthe Least desirable to use a), Marginal integrity as an abutment tooth for a FPD b) Structural durabiity 8) Tooth with pulpal involvement )_ Retention and resistance form 5) Tooth with minimal coronal structure «) To improve the geometry of tooth surface ©) Tooth rotated and tipped out of line (xcer-o7) 4d) Tooth with short, tapered root with long cinical crowns 30. Grooves placed in vertical walls of bulk tooth structure must be: 24. Predictable compliment of optimum tooth preparation a) Atleast 1.0mm b) Atleast 2.0mm should satisty c) Atleast 15mm) Atleast 1.2mm 4) Biological requirement (COMEDK-08) ) Esthetic requirement 31. Uniform reduction on the tooth surface may be ensured ) Combination of compromises among the prevalency by the placement of - biological and mechanical considerations 2) Fins »b) Depth grooves Me pA Mew 0 wD M6 we WC MO Ad Be ws MA 25) A 26) C27) C2) 029) B30) A_31) 84 6) Ledges 4) Bevels (KceT-2009) 32. Occlusal offset is an anterior partial veneer crown may generally be necessary to provide 2) Retention 6) Conservation of tooth structure ) Esthetics 4d) Structural durability (KCET-2011) 33. Recommended convergence between opposing axial walls, which optimize retention, is 2) 6 degree b) 30 degree ©) 19 degree 4) 45 degree («ceT-2011) 34. Overall optimum degree of taper of tooth preparation for maxillary anterior tooth |s a) 6 degree b) 10 degree ©) Ve degree 4) 19 degree (coMmeDK-14) 35. What is minimum of amount of taper that should be maintained for an ideal tooth preparation? a) 4 Degree b) 5 Degree ©) 6 Degree 4) 12 Degree (GCET-14) 36. To achieve the additional retention following should be done while tooth preparation 2) Excessive occlusal preparation ») Tapered preparation ) Grooves and boxes d) Supragingival finish tine (MCET-14) FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE Ee) = 32) 033) A 4) B35) 0 38) C5. Dental Pulse ‘K [Tyiman 8th ed 15] Tooth erry MAXILLA Central 204 Lateral 179 Cuspid 213 First bicuspid 236 Second bicuspid 220 First molar a3 Second molar 41 MANDIBLE Central 154 Lateral 168 Cuspid 268 First bicuspid 180 Second bicuspid 207 First molar 4a Second molar 426 ‘B [Tylman 8th ed 15] [iyiman ath ed 15] [Ante’s law states that “the total pericemental area of the abutment teeth should be equal to or greater than the combined pericemental area of the teeth to be replaced’, ‘Aratia of 1:1 or greater satisfies the Ante’s law. [Tylman 8th ed 127/ Shilkingburg 3rd ed 123] ‘The basic unit of retention for a cemented restoration is two ‘opposing axial walls with a minimum taper. Extra retention ‘an be obtained with internal features such as grooves, slots, pins and the box form. [Tylman 8th ed 67/ Shillingburg 3rd ed 89] Ideally, the forces acting on the abutment tooth should be parallel to long axis ofthe tooth and should be within the confines of the root. By this, the stress is directed vertically wien is well tolerated by the periodontium, Narrowing the buccolingual width of occlusal surfaces of the constructed crowns help to achieve these desirable forces. ‘D [Tylman 8th ed 127] “X [Shillinburg 3rd ed 96] Refer synopsis. 10, a 12. 2B. 4 16, a 18. 19, 20. ‘B [Tylman 8th ed 124/ Shillingburg 3rd ed 119] The more the parallel are, the opposing wals of a preparation, the greater is the retention, However, if parallel walls are not possible to create (without producing undercuts) then a taper of 3 - 6° {s allowable without much compromising the retention, 8" [Shillingburg 3rd ed 126) Structural durability is the resistance to deformity of a restoration. It can be achieved with adequate bulk of metal tw withstand occlusal forces, Structural durability can be achieved by: ‘© Areduction of 1.5mm on the functional cusp and Imm on the non functional cusp to provide adequate bulk. ‘+ Functional cusp bevel on lingual cusps of upper and buccal cusps of lower teeth. Functional cusp bevel provi adequate bulk in areas of heavy occlusal contacts ‘© Close adaptation between margins of restoration and finish line of the preparation, 8 [Tyiman 8° ed 15, 67] ‘D [Shillingburg 3rd ed 123] See the diagrammatic illustration. AA preparation on a tooth with a smaller diameter resists pivating movements better than a preparation of equal length on a tooth of larger diameter 18! [Tylman 8° ed 15/Shilkingburg 31d ed 89) « [Shillingburg 3rd 327) “C [Shillingburg 3rd ed 127] Bevelling ofthe functional cusp ({ingual inclines of maxillary lingual cusps and the buccal inclines of mandibular buccal cusps) is an integral part in obtaining the structural, durability of the restoration. Lack of functional cusp bevel can cause ‘+ A thin area or perforation on the casting * vercontouring and poor occlusion of the restoration. ‘© Loss of tooth structure and retention. [Tylman 8th ed 15] [ylman 8th ed 15] 3B [Tylman 8th ed 120, 124] B’ [Tyiman 8th ed 120] ‘C [Stewart 2nd ed 7] {Tylman 8th 15, 67]4 a 22. 23. 26. 25. 26. ar. 28. 29. 30. 31. ‘D' [Rosenstiel 3rd ed 166] Principles of tooth preparation may be divided into three broad categories. Biologic | which affect the health ofthe oral tissues. ‘hich affect the integrity and durability of Mechanica | hic affect th Esthetic | which affect the appearance of the patient. ‘B' [Schillingburg 3rd ed 90, Fig 7-7], * Roots with greater labiolingual width than mestodistal width are preferable to roots that are round in cross section, © Long, iregularly shaped and divergent roots offer great support. * Short, conical and blunted roots offer poor support. “B [Schillingburg 3rd ed 95-96] For explanation refer synopsis int No.18. ‘x [Nallaswamy 1st ed $25/ Schillinburg 3rd ed 109] Missing maxillay canine or mandibular canine (one tooth) ‘come under complex fixed partial dentures and central incisor, lateral incisor and 1" premolar acts as abutments, where as for other teeth(incisors, premolars and molars) the adjacent teeth in relation to the missing tooth are enough to act as abutments. FPD replacing canines can be difficult because the canine often lies outside the interabutment axis ‘An edentulous space created by the loss of a canine and any ‘two contiguous teeth is best restored with a RPO. 'K [Schillingburg 3rd ed 123, Fig 9-10] [Nallaswamy 1st ed 571] “C [Nallaswamy 1st ed 567/ Schillinburg 3rd ed 123 fig 9-11) ‘The resistance of an excessively tapered preparation or short preparation can be improved by adding grooves. y [Sehillingburg 3rd ed 92) 1" [Schillingburg 3rd ed 127) ‘X [Nallaswamy 1st ed 554] [A groove can be placed to provide retention, but too many ‘grooves may interfere with the seating of a Full veneer crown, The width of groove must be atleast Imm wide. ‘B' [Schillingburg 3rd ed 139, 144] Depth orientation grooves are placed on occlusal surface of the tooth to provide an easy reference to determine whether reduction is sufficient. They help in uniform reduction as, Well as to achieve adequate clearance. FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE 32, 33, 34, 35. 36. “ [Shillingburg 3rd ed 162] Occlusal offset is 1.0mm wide ledge on lingual surface that join the proximal grooves. It provides space for a truss of metal that ties the grooves together to form a reinforcing staple that provides structural durability to a casting by providing rigidity and resistance to bending, [Shillingburg 3rd ed 119] Theoretically the more nearly parallel the opposing walls of 2 preparation, the greater will be the retention. However, parallel walls are impossible to create in mouth without producing undercuts, Two opposing surfaces, each with a 3-degrees inclination will give the preparation a 6-degree taper, and this taper is highly recommended. As taper increases retention diseases. “B [Schillinberg 3rd ed 121] Optimum Degree OF T Maxillary Anterior tooth | 10 10 10 Premolar ry 1% 1 Molar v a 19 Isthmus 5 = 7 Box 5 = 7 Mandibular ‘Anterior tooth | 10 10 10 Premolar 16 2 6 Molar 2 2 22 Isthmus 2 Box 2 ‘Some important points on tapers: ‘= The relationship of one wall of preparation to the long axis of that preparation {s the inclination of that wall ‘+ Sum of the inclination of two opposing wals gives the taper of the preparation. + Recommended taper is 3-12 dearee schillinberg 6 degree is recommended ‘© Minimum taper that is necessary to insure the absence of undercuts - 12 degree. © A taper or total convergence of 16 degrees has been proposed asbeing achievable clinically while stil affording adequate retention, This probably an acceptable overall target. It can be as low as 10 degree on preparations of anterior teeth and as high as 22 degrees on molars {above table) According to “D’ [Schillinberg 3rd ed 120] °C [Rangarajan 1st ed 511] Grooves and proximal boxes limit the freedom of displacement from torquing or twisting forces in a horizontal plane and enhance the resistance and retention of restoration. BSS) —Dental Pulse The finish line used in complete metal cast crown is 4) Minimising the depth of occlusal carving a) Chamfer 1b) Chamfer with bevel ©) Feather edge ) Shoulder 41. Wrench tke grip ts obtained with (an -94) 1) Mesial half crown —b) Three fourth crown Finish lines of a complete coverage crown should lie ©) Dowel crown 4) Jacket crown 8) Supragingivelly —_b). Subgingivally (AIPG -94, AP -97) «) Subgingival if required ¢) Gingival margin 412, The three fourth crown is contraindicated in (HAN -99) 2), Anterior teeth with short etnical crown The amount of reduction required for a tooth for all 5) Abraded proximal region metal crown restoration is: )_Abraded lingual region d) All of the above 4) So that there is proper clearance between the teeth {AIPG -89) ) So that the tooth architecture interferes with the arch of 13. In partial veneer crown, retention can be increased by rotation 2} Increased lenath of path of insertion So that the tooth architecture doesn't interferes with b) Increase in taper the arch of rotation ) Making path of removal parallel to long axis of adjacent 44) Atleast 2mm on al the surfaces teeth (AlP6 -02) ) None of the above The type of gold alloy used in fixed partial dentures is: (PGI -2k) 2) Soft gold b) Hard gold 14, Retainer of choice in mandibular posterior teeth «) Medium gold 4) Extra hard gold 2) Fullveneercronn b) Partial veneer crown (ales -91) ) 3/4 crown 4) 1/8 crown The walls of full gold crown preparation should: (wan -02) a) Be parallel b) Angle of convergence 5* 15, For posterior abutment with acceptable crown root ratios, 6) Angle of divergence 5° average crown length, normal esthetic requirement, 4) Roughened to increase retention retainer of choice is: (KAR 97) a) Full crown ») Partial veneer crown 6. Not a technique in porcelain veneer fabrication? ©) Resin veneer a) PM a) Incremental build up) Porcelain wax technique {AIMS -01, MAN -98) ©) Direct porcelain tif technique 16. The disadvantage of three fourth crown 4) Platinum foil technique 4) Compromised esthetics b) More tooth reduction ) Inadequate retention d) Biomechanical compatibility 7. Im the tooth reduction for 3/4 crown the functional (AIPG -95) bevel is placed 17, Partial veneer crown is contraindicated in a) At 45* angle to the long axis 2) Long teeth by) Short teeth 5) Parallel to cuspalinctnation of opposing tooth ) Tipped teeth 4) Tapered teeth )_ Such that it forms an acute angle (AIIMs -2k) 4) Parallel to inclination ofthe cuspal plane on which it ress. 18. The proximal retention grooves for anterior 3/4" crown (UPSC -01) are placed The ocelusal surface of an abutment tooth with acrylic a) Parallel to middle and incisal thirds veneering should be b) Parallel to long axis of tooth @) Inaaylc ) In porcelain fused to metal ) Parallel to middle and cervical thirds )Inmmetal 0.5 mm thick d) In metal 0.25 mm thick ) Parallel to cervical, middle and incisal thirds (APPSC -99) (KAR -02, AP -02) 9. The periodontium remains healthier when crown margins 19. Partial veneer crown is contraindicated in: are placed 2) Tipped teeth b) Extensive decayed teeth a) At the gingival crest b) Above the gingival margin ) Long teeth 4) Tapered teeth ) About 3 mm apical tothe gingival crest (AP -05) 4) About t mm apical to the gingival crest 20, The biologic requirements of an anterior 3/4” crown (kar 97) include 10. Retention and resistance form in full coverage a), Maintain health of investing tissues preparations on short molars can be enhanced by b) A resistance form to aid in retention ) Using a Zine phosphate cement )_ An out tine form to aid in prevention of caries 5) Placing several vertical grooves. 4) All ofthe above )_ Using a full shoulder finish tne 7A © By 8 SA A DA 8) © BW) 8 MB WA BA 14) A 15) 8 36) C17) 8 18) A_19) B20)4 FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE 21, 83/4 cast crown is selected rather than a full cast crown primarily because a 3/4 cast crown 8) Has more retention ©), Requires less removal of tooth structure i) Requires less time to prepare b) Requires less metal to cast 31. b) An intact tingual surface ) An intact distal surface 4) An intact mesial surface When preparing a 3/4th crown on maxillary incisor tooth the proximal grooves should generally be parallel to the 22. ‘A reverse partial veneer crown rather than conventional 2) Long axis of the tooth partial crown is indicated on mandibular molars when ) Gingival 2/3 ofthe labial surface 8) The facial surface offers more retention than the lingual )Tncisal 2/3 of the labial surface ) The reverse partial veneer crown is more esthetic Short axis of the tooth )_Itis easier to make a reverse preparation (aP-2013) 4d) The axial inclination of these teeth requires excessive 32. The disadvantages of a complete ceramic crown include tooth reduetion 8) Reduced strength ofthe restoration 1b) Need fora shoulder-type margin circumferentally 23. When preparing a partial veneer crown on a maxillary ©) Porcelain brittleness) All of the above premolar, proximal grooves should be parallel to the (kAR-2013) 2) Long axis of the tooth 33. The first layer of porcelain applied on to a metal in PFM ) Gingival two-thirds ofthe facial surface crowns would be }_Incisal two-thirds ofthe facial surface a) Opaque ) Body 4) None ofthe above ©) Incisal Young patients > conservative > Does not provide a distinct fish Une + oD onlay dea for marginal | Waxing, polishing and casting becomes erica Keife edge , 49° 5 Inaccesble areas adaptation ‘+ overcontoured restoration in an attempt to Finish ines i cementum obsain bulk 2, 'C [Shillingburg 3rd ed 99) 8. 'C’ [Tylman 8th ed 191) When molars are tipped or rotated, a reverse 3/4" crown is indicate 8. ‘© [Shiltingburg 3rd ed 130] 3, ‘D’[Shilingburg 3rd ed 134/Tylman 8th ed 431] 40. ‘D’[ylman &th ed 133] 4 s" [Shillingburg 3rd ed 130,139] ‘11. ‘C’ [Tylman 8th ed 133] Cone ST 22, ‘© [Shitingburg 3rd ed 130 Chamfer ‘© Round end tapered diamond cylinder ss isbug 1 + Torpedo diamond 13, ‘© [Scillingburg 3ré ed 132] Shoulder |» End cutting bur th 0 [chitingbur Sr 92) DT [Schillingburg 3rd Radial shoulder |» Racial sure bur orflatend tapered | 4p fSchinahurs vt 1 diamond bur Groove > Tapered fissure bur 15. ‘A [Scillingburg 3rd ed 132] preperation 26, 'B [Sehillingburg 3rd ed 130] 5. ‘0’ [Shillingburg 3rd ed 185/Tylman 8th ed 191] Shoulder irish ine fs the choice of finish ine forall ceramic crowns. The wide ledge provides resistance to oelsa forces 6. ‘% [shilingburg 3rd od 133/Tylman 8th ed 78, 166] and minimizes stresses that might lead to fracture ofthe Sn Maree porcelain. Supragingval | © Better periodontal heath oT — finish tine | Facilitates accurate impression making. nish tine in all veneers is? (PGI June-2011) ‘) Shoulder on both sides b) Chamfer on both sides «) Buceal chamfer and Palatal shoulder 4) Palatal chamfer and Buccal shoulder *# Allows accurate assessment of the fit. Subgin "© Used when additional retention is needed. finish tine |e Indicated in anterior zone where esthetics isa prime consideration. 17. 'R (Sehiltinburg 3rd ed 131) Shoulder with a bevel can be used for the facial finish line of rmetal-ceramic restorations where gingival esthetics are nat critical. In cervical erosion and root hypersensitivity cases. ‘X (Shilkingburg 3rd ed 141/Tylman 8th ed 78, 166](8) A AAA Dental Pulse 18, ‘D'[Schillinburg 3rd ed 141] [A definite, even finish tine is necessary to enable fabrication of a full veneer restoration and chamfer is the best for providing the bulk needed for strength while still allowing ‘good adaptation.4 FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE eas [A fixed partial denture is indicated to replace maxillary first and second premolars. The abutment teeth witich 4) Effect will be variable (KAR -02) are in normal alignment are canines and first molar. The 9. Painless erythematous lesion seen after 3 weeks of crown connector of choice is: placement on maxillary lateral incisor. The lesion 2) Precision attachments on both canines and the molars a) Pyogenic granuloma b) Granular cell tumor ) A soldered joined on canine and a non-precsion dovetail ) Metastatic tumor 4) Periodontal abscess key way on the molar (AP -06) «) Soldered joint on the molar with submucosal rest on 10. Laloo Prasad a patient comes for post and core restoration the canine on upper central incisor in which RCT has been done, the 4) Soldered joint on both canine and the molar ‘tooth is painful on percussion. The treatment is: (AIPG ~91, PG1-01) a) Proceed with post and core In a fixed partial denture the components are: ) Don't make full crown restoration on post and core 2) Retainer, denture base, clasp assembly ©) Don't make post and core 5) Retainer, connector, clasp assembly «) There is no relation between pain on percussion and <)_ Retainer, connector, pontic post and core 4) Retainer, connector, pontic and abutments (AIPG -02) (AIPG-95) 11. Before constructing FPD we remove all occlusal 3. The unit of FPO that attaches abutment to the suspended interferences: unit is: a) To prevent duplicating of occlusal interferences in new 2) Connector ) Abutment restorations «)_Pontie 4) Retainer b) To develop balanced oeclusion (atPG -97) ) To establish balancing contacts 4, Tobe biologically and mechanically acceptable, a soldered 4) Allof the above joint ofa fixed bridge should be so formed that it: (atP6 -2k) 2) Extends to the buccal margin of the retainer 12, The most common cause of failure of fixed partial ) Extends the entire interproximal space occlusogingivally dentures is: «}_ Thins ocelusogingivally and thick buccolingually a) Caries on abutments b) Periapical lesions «Depends upon clasping and indirect retention ) Retained roots, <4) Wearing of the ponties, {AIP -90) (ATINS -93) 5. Biologically and mechanically acceptable solder joint of 13. The length of dowel must be FPO is: a) Equal to crown length b) One - third the root length 2) Ttis thin ocelusogingivally and wide faciolingually ) Half the rot length 4) None of the above +b) TItextendsto the entireinterproximalspace oclusogingivaly (AIPG -94) )_Itis circular in form and occupies the region of contact area 14, In gold casting back pressure porosity can result from 4) Tt extends into the facial margin of the retainer 2) Low investment permeability (AlPG -01) »b) Insufficient wind up of the casting machine 6. The non-rigid connectors are used in the construction of ©) Using a narrow sprue a) Allo the above FPO when the span is: 4) Short, supplementing alveolar ridge reduction 15. A broken stress or non-rigid type fixed partial denture is ) Short supplementing alveolar ridge reduction not required indicated when )_ Long, supplementing alveolar ridge reduction 2) Constructing lower FPD onty 4) Long, supplementing alveolar ridge reduction not required b) Two or three missing teeth are to be replaced (AIPG -99) ©) Retainers cannot be prepared to draw together without 7. Post and core is preferred to a posterior crown abutment excessive tooth reduction. tooth as itis: 4) Retainers can be designed to have equal retentive qualities. 2) Stronger b) Better esthetially (KAR -95) )_ Independent of the abutment tooth 16. In cobalt ~ chromium alloys, the constituent responsible 4) Less chair time fabrication for corrosion resistance is (ales -01) a) Silver ) Nickel 8. If the keyway of the non-rigid connector is placed on the ©) Cobalt ) chromium distal side of the pier abutment, occlusal forces: (AP -05) 2) Will seat the key into keyway 17, One of the constituents of the gypsum bonded investmei 5) Will unseat the key from keyway that acts as a bind )_ Have no effect 2) Quartz b) Silica yo) ¢ D4) © Bes) 8 © 8 A BA W)C Hp A. 12) A ABA a4) 015) c_ 46) D7) 0 BS) —(Ah Dental Pulse _ ©) Graphite 4) Calcium sulfate hemihydrate 26, Resfstance to corresion fn a cobalt ~ Chrome casting is (AP-05) due to presence of 18. Group function occlusion in an existing dentition is 8) ‘High quality iron b) Chrome. characterized by ©) Cobalt 4) Wicket, a) No balancing side contacts {AIINS -2K, AIPG -91) 5) Working side contacts from canine to third molar without 27. Flux is used during casting to balancing side contacts 2) Remove the oxides formed on the gold alloy 6) Canine rise in protrusion 8) Lower the melting point 4) AandB ¢) Replace casting wax d) Speed the bumout process (PGI -06) (PGI -98, AIIMS -94) 19. In casting the metal substructure for a metal ceramic 28, Incomplete casting is the result of: restoration, itis necessary to use 2) More porous investment inthe mould 8) Gypsum bonded investment ) Narrow sprue diameter ) Phosphate bonded investment «) Hallow sprue pind). Large reservoir «) Gas-air torch (ATIHS - 01,95) 4) Crucible that has been used for other alloys 29. Ina patient with allergy to costume jewelry, which ofthe (AIPS-2k) ~" fllowing is contraindicated 20. Inwhich of the following cases may anon-rigid connector a). High gold 1) Low gold be used in fixed partial dentures? 6) Palladium- Ag d) N= Cr 4) Long span FPO replacing two or more teeth (attns -96) 8) Short span FPO replacing one missing tooth in which the 30. Which of the following will produce the most rigid prepared abutment teeth are notin paalel alignment restoration for frame work of same dimension ‘c) Long or short span FPO in which one abutment tooth has a) Wrought alloys ‘b) Palladium alloys Limited periodontal suppor. ©) Cobalt ~ chrome alloys) Paril denture cating gold 4) None of the above (APS 91) 31, Im a metal ceramic crown for a FPD the function of fin, 24. The major components of high noble metal alloys in indium which ae readily oxidized minor constituents is tor imetal ceramic restorations are 2} Improve bonding) Decrease porosity 2) Au, Pt, Zn 1) Au, Ca, Ag ¢) They eact with the porcelain opaque layer which masks ©) AM, PL, Pd €) Pt Pa, Sn the metal 4) Improves the thermal expansion between the metal and 22. All of the following are purposes of diagnostic casts porcelain except to serve as (atPe -01) 2) Afinal survey and design 32. The porosity formed due to simultaneous nucleation of 8) An analysis of existing occlusion salid grain and gas bubbles atthe first moment thatthe )_Amedico legal reference after completion of treatment metal freezes atthe mold walls is called 4) A guide for construction of final impression trays 2) Pinhole porosity b) Gas inelusion porosity 6) Micro porosity 4) Sub surface porosity 23. Usinga thinner mix ofa gypsum bonded investment will (kaR -03) 2), Produce a smoother casting 33. Investment material used fo cobalt - chromium alloys ist, ) Increase setting expansion 2} Gypsum bonded b). Phosphate bonded «) Decrease setting expansion ¢) ilies bonded 4) None of the above 4) Terease thermal expansion (alr -58) 34, A common electrolyte used fr plating copper indirect dies ist 24, Ideal requirement of metal ~ ceramic casting 2) Copper cyanide b) Tonic copper 8) Low fusing ceramics and high fusing alloys 6) Acidic copper sulfate) Silver cyanide 8) Matching of coefcients of thermal expansion of eramies, (KAR -02) and alloy 35. Impurities in casting is removed by ©) Bonding between ceramic and alloy 2) Annealing b) Degassing 4) Allof the above 6) Peking 4) Conditioning (an -02) (1 -03) 25, Which ofthe following is correct 36. A sprue in wax pattern should be placed: 2) TypecLand Type gold canbe heat treated and annealed a). At ight angle b) At acute angle b) Type-III and Type-IV gold can be heat treated and ©) At obtuse angle annealed 4) Te depends upon type of wax pattern ©) Type-, and 1V gold can be heat treated and annealed (KAR -04) 4) All the types of gold can be heat treated and annealed 37. Silver plated dyes use an electrolytic bath of (MAN=02) a) Silver flouride 1) Silver cyanide BOL) es wea ¢ MATa ¢ Ls) Ss ee a A els) 0 Oe x) A_ 32) 0 33) 8 34) C_35) C36) 8 37) B4 FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE 6) Silver bromide 4) Silver Todide 447. Which of the following is the false statement regarding (KAR 98) "silver plated dies 38. Which ofthe following describes requirements of asprue? __e). The impression to be plated is made as cathode 2) To lead the molten metal into the mold cavity with as _b) Pure silver ats as anode much turbulence as possible ),Poysulphide impression materialscan be easly electroplated 5) To be as lng as possible in order to speed the flow of d) None af the above gold into the mold cavity «) To have thinnest diameter possible to insure that sprue 48. Fora patient with missing canine, what typeof prosthesis, solidifies before the wax pattern we wail prefers 4) To be smooth, with no sharp comers and to funnel into a) Three unit of FPD Resin retained FPO the thickest portion of the wax pattern ¢) Implant retained crown 4) It will depend on patient choice 39. Allowing gypsum investment to be heated over 700° will (A1P6-05) result in 49. When a tooth prepration is completed for a crown, 8) Breakdown of Cato, which is harmful to gold occlusal clearance can be best checked by 8) Breakdown of Na,Se, which is harmful to gold 2) Visual examination b) Using wax bite )_ Breakdown of €a,S0,, which is harmful to gold ) Impression compound.) Articulating paper 4) No breakdown products (cameo K05) 50. Temporary restorations or crowns which match natural 40. If the investment ring is heated inthe burnout oven too teeth in catouris ‘quickly, which of the following will result 2) Celluloid 1) Porcelain 8) Release of Co, 3) Back pressure porosity ©) Gold restoration dl). Z0E restoration )_No problems, provided if temperature is below 700°C (P51-05) 4) Cracking of investment resulting in finned castings 51. ‘Post and core is indicated for 2) Vital tooth with primary caries 44, Which die material gives the most dimensionally) Badly damaged non-vital endodonticaly treated tooth accura ) Badly damaged vital tooth 2) Improved stone __b) Silver amalgam 4) Tooth with fractured incisal third } Hlectrodeposited sitver d) Epoxy (KAR 08) 52. Aferruleis 42. Which nonmetal die material is favoured by commercial a) A rule governing gold inlay cavity preparation labs because o b) A mechanical rapid tooth separator 8) Improved stone ¢) An encircling band of metal that increases facture } Electro deposited siverd) Slicophosphete resistance ofthe tooth 4) An electronic measuring device for determination of the 43. Which die material has a hazardous potential during length of tooth during roath canal treatment fabrication (Kcer-07) 2) Improved stone __b) Silver amalgam 53. To minimize distortion the die should be poured } Hlectro deposited slverd) Epoxy 8) Within 30 minutes b) 40min = 1 hour ©) 14/2-2hous 4) After 2 hours 44. Which die material is the material of choice with (comeo K-07) hydrocolloids 54. Minimum number of implants required in mancible for 2) Improved stone _b) Silver amalgam the construction of the denture is «)_Epony resin 4) Siicophosphate a2 ») 4 06 a8 45. Which ofthe following is a disadvantage of gypsum dies? (Ps1-05) 2) They lack accurate reproduction of surface detail 55. Inthe concept of bielogical width, the value of biological 5) Their overal dimensions are slightly smaller than original width 4s impression a) Umm 8) 2mm ) Ther edge strength fs unacceptable for bumishing margins c). 3 mm @) émm 4) The hazard of aspiration of toxic materials during trimming (Kcer-07) 56. In post hole preparation which of the following acts as 466. Which of te following statements about die spaceris true best antirotational? 2) It is required to produc relief space of 25 - 40 microns a) Antrotational natch for the luting cement ) linear goove in the thickest wall of root 5) Tels painted 0.5 ~ mm short of the finish tines ©) An oval erss section of dowel } Resins ae the common die spacers ) conical cross section of dowel 4) All of the above (AtIHS-06) D8) © MUA) A ae a) C TMA) C MD 4) 0 [MED 8) 8 EOLA St) B52) C53) ASH) A 55) B56) 8 SSS) =(2 A Dental Pulse _ 57. Non-rigid connectors are indicated for an FPD when: 68. A smooth preparation margin is considerably shorter than 4) it is not possible to prepare two abutments with a a) A jagged one ») Supragingival one ‘common path of placement ©) Equigingival one ad) Subgingival one ) the abutments are prepared with a common path of (BHU-2012) placement 69, Excessive span length is a common contraindication of ©) the abutments have a poor crown to root ratio a) Fixed dental prostheses 4) the abutments have a ideal crown to root ratio b) Removable dental prostheses (KcET-08) )_ Maxillofacial prostheses 58. Gingival retraction is done by all ofthe following EXCEPT? 4) None of the above ) Aluminium chloride —b) Aluminium sulphate (BHU-2012) ©) Ferric sulphate 4) Aluminium nitrate 70. Cavosurface margin configuration approaching 180° for (ncer-o7) crown preparation 59, Ferrule effect helps to: 8) Knife edge margin —b) Chamfer |) prevent vertical fracture of root ©) Shoulder 4) Shoulder with beveled margin 5) prevent horizontal fracture of root (KCET-2012) ©) stabilization of care 71. Which of the following is false with respect to implant 4) stress distribution on abutment supported prosthesis? (BHu-07) a) Naintains vertical dimension 60. The tooth which is least possibly used as an abutment is ) Improved masticatory efficiency 4) Endodonticaly treated tooth )_ Gradual lass of bone levels ) Tooth with short clinical erown 4) All ofthe above ©) Long crowns with short and tapered roots (KAR-2013) 4) Tooth tilted out of tine 72, The ideal crown height space needed for a fixed implant (aP-2010) prosthesis should range between 61, Wax addition instrument is - a) 4-6 mm b) 6-8mm |) PAT No. 2 b) PKT No. 5 ©) 8-12 mm 4) 15-16 mm ©) PAT No. & 4) PKT No. 3 (COMEDK-14) (KCET-2009) 73. Which color of articulating paper is used for diagnosis of 62. The so called resin retained FPD's or Maryland bridges premature contacts in eccentric relations? depend upon what retention? 8) Green b) Blue a) Mechanical b) Chemical ©) Red ) Pink ©) Indirect 4) Micromechanical (COMEDK-14) (PGI-2008) 74. What is sky furcation? 63. A pier abutment is 4) Separated roots of the tooth joined by a crown (Or) 2), Peridontally weak abutment Separating the roots ) With edentulous space on both sides of the abutment ) Conjoined roats of the tooth ©) Edentulous space on one side of the abutment ©). Caries in the furcation area 44) Abutment tooth away from the edentulous space 4) Grade 1 furcation involvement (P6I-2008) (GCET-14, KERALA-15) 64, Fracture of porcelain is prevented by 75. What is the purpose of die lubricant? 1) Using group funetion eeclusion 8) De bubblies the wax pattern b) Canine guided occlusion b) For easy removal of the wax pattern ©) Preventing balancing side contact )_ Creates space restorative material 4) Using high glazed porcelain 4) All the above (AtPG-2008) (Gcer-14) 65, Which is moisture active adhesive? 76. The most injurious of the chemical agents used for a) Gyanoacrylate b) Methylmethacrylate Gingival tissue retraction is ©) Bis-GMA 4) All ofthe above 4) 100% Alum »b) 15-20% Aluminium Chloride (AIPG-2010) ©) 15-20% Tannic acid d) 8% Zine chloride 66. The most common cause of dry mouth in adult patients is (6cer-14) 8) Tranauillizer b) Anti-histaminics| 77. Centric holding cusp is? ) Insulin 4) Birth control pills 8) Nesiobuceal cusp of maxillary 1st molat (AlPG-2011) ) Mesiotingual cusp of mandibular first molar 67. Component of an implant placed after the healing period ©) Distolingual cusp of mandibular 1st molar 4) Transepithelial attachment or abutment 4) Mesiopalatal cusp of maxillary 1st molar b) Implant body (Gcer-14) ©) Transfer coping 4) Prosthesis (KcET-2012) 57) A 58) DSS) A 60) C BI) A 62) 0 G3) B 6s) 8 GS) A 66) B GA 68) A OA AM) Cm) C73) 8 4) A 75) 8 76) 077) 04 79. 80. a1. 82. 83. Nesbit prosthesis is? 4) Removable prosthesis. ) Ear prosthesis ©) Silicon based nasal prosthesis 4) Guidance device for hemimandibulectomy patient (Pst nec-13) Acceptable marginal fit for single casting? 2) 100 microns bb) 200 microns ) 300 microns 44) 400 microns (Pot aUNE-13) Frequency curve or tity curve resembles? ) Curve of monsoon —_b) Curve of Wilson ¢) Antimonsoon 4) Curve of spee (PGI JUNE-2012) In CAD-CAM, time taken in processing of crown? 2) 5 mi b) 20 mins. ©) 30 mins. 4) 40 mins. (Por JUNED-13) Spark erosion consists of. |) Metal etching ) Eroding the fitting surface of crown ©) Electric discharge machine «) Eroding through acids (KERALA-2015) What is incorporated in porcelain during firing a) Argon b) Helium ©) Hydrogen 4) Oxygen (comEDK-15) FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE ba 1 | 78) aWn 10. rT Dental Pulse MISCI ‘D’ [Shillingburg 3rd ed 110] The connectors between the pontic and the retainer may be rigid (in solder joints or cast connectors) or nan rigid (i.e, precision attachments or stress breakers) Short span FPO replacing one tooth. + Retainers cannot be prepared to draw together without ‘excessive tooth reduction, Tilted FPD abutment, * An edentulous space on both sides of a tooth (pier abutment). [A rigid FPO provides desirable strenath and stability to the prosthesis. It distributes the load more evenly than a non rigid design “C [Shillingburg 3rd ed 3] ‘D [Shillingburg 3rd ed 4/Tylman 8th ed 136] jner_| Unit of FPD that attaches abutment to the Retainer | suspended unit Unit of FPD that attaches retainer to the Connector | suspended unit. jc_| Suspended portion of FPD that replace Pontic | the missing tooth. “C {Shillingburg 3rd ed 528] © ‘B'[Shillingburg 3rd ed 96) “C [Shillingburg 3rd ed 185] ‘x [Shillingburg 3rd ed 96] Non rigid design consists of a T-shaped key that is attached ‘to mesial side of pontic and dove tail keyway placed on the distal side of the pier abutment. See the diagrammatic illustration in Pg.No. 97. Occlusal forces will seat the key into the keyway if components are placed in the above said design. If the non rigid connector is placed on the mesial side of the pier abutment, occlusal forces will unseat the key from the keynay. Refer to non rigid connectors in synopsis x ‘C [Shillingburg 3rd ed 194] " 1EC 16, 15. 16. 7. 18, 19. 20. a1. 22. 23. 26, 25. ‘X [Shillingburg 3rd ed 195] The length of dowel should equal the crown length or 2/3, the length ofthe root, whichever is greater. 1’ [Skinners 10th ed 521] ‘C [Shillingburg 3rd ed 96] 1’ [Skinners 10th ed 455) ‘D’[Shillingburg 3rd ed 368) Gypsum comprises 30-35% of the investment. It acts as a binder and contributes strength to the investment. Silica comprises 60-65% of the investment, acts asa refractory and provides the thermal expansion for the investment. ‘D’[Shillingburg 3rd ed 19] Group function also. called ‘occlusion is characterized by ~ ‘+ No balancing side contacts. ‘+ Working side contacts from canine to third molar ‘Distribution of occlusal load, Widely accepted and used method of organisation of ‘occlusion in restorative dental procedures as unilateral balanced Canine protected or mutually protected or organic ‘occlusion is characterized by - Cusp rise in protrusion. ‘© Working side contact mostly occurs on canine. ‘+ Disocclusion of posterior teeth on working side, 8 [Shiltingburg 3rd ed 378] 18" [Shillingburg 3rd ed 96) ‘C [Skinners 10th ed 430] [Tylman 8th ed 5] “C [Shillingburg 3rd ed 372] Water powder ratio has a critical effect on properties of gypsum investment, Increased w/p ratio: ‘decreased setting expansion. 1 decreased strength 1’ [Skinner's 10th ed 435] 'B [Skinner's 10th ed 430, 431] Type III and Type IV gold alloys can be hardened by heat tweatment if they contain sufficient amount of copper. Type Tand II do not harden by heat treatment.4 26. an. 28. 29. a1. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. [Skinner's 10th ed 442, 445] CCo-Cy, NiCr, Ni-Co-Cr alloys form chromium oxide which make them corrosion resistant. They should contain minimum of 12% chromium to exhibit this passivity. ‘X [Skinners 10th ed 51] Flux prevents oxidation of molten gold allay and also aid in minimizing porosity of gold alloys. Borax powder with equal parts of boric acid powder is the best flux. ‘8! [Skinner's 10th ed 511] Incomplete casting results from incomplete filling of molten metal into the mould which occurs mostly due to insufficient venting of mould and high viscous molten metal. 1D [Skinner's 10th ed 445] Skinner's 10th ed 447] ‘K [Skinner's 10th ed 437,605] y [Skinner's 10th ed 520] [Skinner's 10th ed 485] [Skinner's 10th ed 495] ‘C [Skinner's 10th ed 511] ‘8! [Skinner's 10th ed 498] ‘The sprue is placed at 45° angle to the wax pattern. ‘B! [Skinner's 10th ed 495] Silver plated dyes use silver plate as anode, impression fas cathode and silver cyanide as electroplating bath. Metallizing isthe process of treating the impression material with metal such as bronzing powder and silver powder so that it conducts electricity. Hydrocolloid impressions are difficult to electroplate while polysulphide impressions can be easily electroplated, [Skinner's 10th ed 496] ‘€ [Skinner's 10th ed 472] If gypsum investment is heated about 700°C, decomposition fof CaSo, occurs with emission of $0, gas. This not only ‘causes shrinkage of the investment but also contaminates the castings with the sulphides of the non-noble elements such as silver and copper. So aypsum investments should not be heated above 700°C y [Skinners 10th ed 515] Rapid heating of the investment ring results in fins ot spines of surface roughness on the casting. This is because of flaking of the investment when the water or steam pours into the mold. The mold should be heated gradually and there should at least 60 min. elapse during the heating of te investment filed ring, ftom room temperature to 700°C. FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE aa. 42, 43. 44, 45. 46. a7. 43. 49. 51. 52, 53. °K [Skinner's 10th ed 495] Die stones generally give the greatest accuracy, with a very slight expansion during setting. Epoxy resins shrink on setting and when carefully handled yield about the same degree of accuracy. “B [Skinner's 10th ed 495, 493] Epoxy resin is favoured because of its resistance to abrasion during the fitting of the casting. Die stones have least resistance to abrasion during carving and are modified by compounding with resins to overcome this disadvantage °C [Skinner's 10th ed 495] Electrodepasited silver has a lethal potential during fabrication because silver cyanide must be used as the electrolyte and hydrogen cyanide gas is given off during the plating process. Polysulphiide impression can be easily electroplated while hydrocolloid impressions are difficult to electroplate. “A [Skinner's 10th ed 493] Improved stone is the die materia of choice with hydrocolloid impression materials. ‘C [Skinner's 10th ed 495] Epoxy resin or electroplated dies are better for adjusting the fit of the casting ‘0’ [Skinner's 10th ed 494] ‘D' [Skinner's 10th ed 495] [Sehillingburg 3rd ed 109] fen Central incisor, lateral incisor eee and premolar (four unit FPO) Retainers Metal ceramic ‘Abutment : Pontic ratio Pontic etal ceramic = Restore the occlusion to ‘group function. Considerations ‘A single implant supported metal ceramic crown is the best choice here, 'N (Tylman 8th ed 257-258) °B [Schillingburg 3rd ed 194] 'C [Rosenstiel 3rd ed 277] Extension of the axial wall f the crown apical to the missing tooth structure provides a Ferrule. It helps to bind the remaining tooth structure together, preventing root fracture during function. * BSS) —(A 54, 55. 56. 57. 59. 60. on. 62. Dental Pulse “X [Check Explanation Below] In tower jaw 2 implants are minimum but for prevention of rotational forces 4 implants will creates 2 quadriangular shape for abutments and it will be better than 2 ‘8 [Tylman 8th ed 52 - 53] ‘B [Rosenstiel 3rd ed 283] In areas where coronal dentin has been completely lost, 2 small groove placed in the canal can serve as an antrotational element, The groove is normaly located where the root is Dutkest, usualy on the lingual aspect. “X [Schillingburg 3rd ed 530] There are several situations in which the use of non-rigid connectors is indicated, either to relieve stress or to accommodate malaligned fixed partial dentures when the tooth malatignment prevents a common path of insertion These include dovetails (key-Keyways), split ponties (connector inside the pontic) or tapered pins Which among these is @ non-rigid connector? (GCET-14) 2) Dove tail by) Split pontie ©) Cross-pin and wing __d) Dowel pin ‘0’ [Schilingburg 3d ed 262] Chemicals used for gingiva retraction + 8% racemic epinephrine + Aluminium chloride and sulphate + Alum (Aluminium potassium sulphate) [indicated in cardiac patients (AP-08)] + Feri sulphate + Retraction cord + Rubber dam + Gingival retraction cord impregnated with various above rentioned chemicals (chemico-mechanical methods) + Rotary curettage and electrosurgery ~ surgical methods ‘X [Schiltingburg 3rd ed 191] When all tooth structure has been lost to the level of the alveolar crest or beyond, because of either facture or caries, the tooth cannot be satisfactorily restored without some ‘extraordinary measure. Even if a dowel core is placed in the tooth, the root will remain susceptible to fracture without the crown encircling the tooth apical to the core. This ferrule effect around the tooth protects it from vertical fracture by the dowel from within. In fact, if tooth structure is lost “only” to the level of the epithelial attachment, minor ‘extrusion may be desirable to permit access to enough tooth structure apical to the finish line to produce a ferrule effec. ‘C [Schillingburg 3rd ed 90) Refer explanation of .No, Preparation. 7 in Principles of Tooth “X [Schillingburg 3rd ed 343] PKT instruments were given by Peter K, Thomas. ‘D’ [Nallaswamy 1st ed 614] 63. 64, 65. 66. 67. 68, 69. 70. —e 8" [Nallaswamy 1st ed 550] Refer synopsis, 'B [Rosenstiel 4th ed 795] For porcelain veneer restoration, it is imperative to remember that this type of conservative esthetic dentistry should be performed only on canine guided occlusion after equilibrium, Many studies suggest that canine guided ccclusion has many advantages over group function, ‘N [Rosenstiel 3rd ed 433] Cyanoacrylates are low viscosity resin used as moisture active adhesives, Its major use is asa die hardener (gypsum) ‘8! [Shillinburg 3rd ed 4] The prolonged presence of xerostomia, or diy mouth, fs conductive to greater carious activity and is therefore extremely hostile to the margins of cast metal or ceramic restorations. Patients who have had large doses of radiation in the oral region may have drastically diminished salivary flow, It can also occur as a component of Sjogren's syndrome, Thete are also some 375 drugs capable of producing mild to severe xerostomia. Antichotinergics, anorectics, and anti-hypertensives may produce this effect. Antihistaminics comprises the largest group of such drugs and chronic allergy sufferers who use them over a prolonged period may suffer from a dry mouth. 'N [Nallaswamy 1st ed 39] Steps in implant insertion procedure: ‘© Making primary incision ‘+ Making drill space for implant ‘© Body of implant is placed in drill space ‘+ Flap is sutured to cover the fixture | Waiting period 4-6 months ‘Site is re-opened to expose the fixture ‘+ Impression of the implant fixture ‘© Healing caps are placed ‘+ Healing caps removed, abutment is screwed into the ‘implant body [Rosensteil] ‘X [Schillinburg 3rd ed 87] Refer synopsis. 'N [Schillinburg 3rd ed 132] The ultimate in finish lines that permit an acute margin of metal is the knife edge. The cavosurface margin (tooth) is almost 180°. Unless knife edge is cut carefully, the axial reduction may fade out instead of terminating in @ definite finish tine Disadvantages: ‘© Thin margins are difficult to wax and cast ‘Casting is more susceptible to distortion when subjected to forces.4 mn 2 73. 74. 75. 76. 7. 78. ‘C [Dental implants prosthetics by Misch ed 51] After the insertion of implant there is crestal bone loss in the first year which is around 1-3mm and thereafter it is negligible. Gradual loss of bone level results in implant failure °C [Contemporary implant dentistry by Misch 3rd ed 245) Ideal crown height space for fixed implant prosthesis should range between 8-12 mm. This space accounts for the biological width, abutment height for cement retention, prosthesis screw fixation, occlusal material strength, ‘esthetics and hygiene considerations around the abutment ‘8! [Check explanation below] Blue Articulating papers is used to reco occlusal interferences and pematurities in eccentric (Protrusive and lateral) movement and red color paper is used to record prematurties in maximum intercuspation (Centric ‘occlusion, Blue paper should be placed between the teeth and the ‘eccentric movement should be performed few times to produce marks on the teeth, then a red paper should be used. Blue marks which were not covered by the red marks indicate the protrusive interferences. [Check Explanation Below] Furcation: Region of a multi rooted tooth at which the root divides ‘Sky fureation: Fusion between two crowns after bicuspidization to increase the occlusal plateau ‘8! [Rangarajan 1st ed 615] Die is coated with die lubricant which acts as a separating medium to facilitate easy removal of wax pattern, 1D [Check Explanation Below] Zine chloride 8% and 40% used for gingival retraction causes chemical injury as these are very caustic to gingival tissues and are not recommended. ‘D’ [Schilinberg 3rd ed 340] The palatal cusps of maxillary posterior teeth and the buccal cusps of the mandibular posterior teeth are called a functional or centric holding cusps. The buccal cusps of maxillary posterior teeth and lingual cusps of the mandibular posterior teeth are called as non-functional cusps. ‘X [Rosenstiel 4th ed 1054] Nesbit prosthesis is a unilateral removable partial dental prosthesis designed by Dr. Nesbit in 1916, The disadvantage is that it is so small and removable, which makes ita risk for swallowing. Also the metal clasps add to the risk because these prongs can easily create a puncture in the digestive tract. Valplast Nesbit is a flexible plastic translucent Nesbit prosthesis without the metal clasps. FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE 79. 80. a1. 82, 83. °K [Phillips 11th ed 315) For acceptable restorations the mean opening was 21 ym at the occlusal surface and 74 ym at the gingival region. Sut this is not accessible visually. Clinically acceptable marginal gap is 10 microns for cast metal and upto 50 microns for ceramic restorations ~ Rangarajan 1st ed Pg 507. ‘A.60 jm margin gap is represented by the diameter of a human hair. So an explorer may not “catch” a 60 jim margin gap. If the explorer tip substantially penetrates into a gap during probing, then the fit of a crown, inlay or onlay will not be clinically acceptable, “C [Rosenstiel 4th ed 1019] Frequency curve, Anti monsoon curve, probability curve and reverse curve are all the synonyms. Anti Monson curve: In excessive wear of the teeth, there [obliteration of the cusps and formation of either flat ‘oF cupped-out occlusal surfaces, associated with reversal of occlusal plane of the premolars first and second molar teeth (3rd molar are nat affected), The mandibular teeth slope facially instead of lingually and those of the maxillary teeth incline lingually, This results in the formation of antimonsoon curve. [Rosenstiel 4th ed 70] The fabrication time required for processing of @ crown through CAD-CAM technique is 20 mins, 'C [Check Explanation Below] Electrodischarging machine or spark erosion is a high precision electro thermal cutting or eroding process that enables very difficult to machine components to be produced. B [Craig 12th ed 450) Sintering under vaccum reduces the amount of porosity to 0.56% (from 5.6%) in air fired dental porcelains and results in dense fused porcelain. Vaccum firing improves the translucency, decreases the surface roughness of feldspathic porcelains and increases impact strength about 50%, An alternate method uses the principle of diffusion to secure improved density in fused porcelain. A diffusible gas such as helium may be introduced to the furnace at low pressure during the sintering stage. The helium gas (instead of air) is therefore entrapped in the interstitial spaces, and because its molecular diameter is smaller than the porcelain lattice, it diffuses outward under pressure of the shrinking porcelain. ba 1)mm Dental Pulse AAA 6. + Patients preference. + Mentally compromised and physically handicapped patients who can not maintain 2 RPD. + In patients suffering from epilepsy and sudden bouts of unconsciousness. RPD is contraindicated due to fear of aspiration. 8. 2. + Very young patients due to the presence of large pulp chambers. + Very old patients. + Long span edentulous arches. 10. + Periodontally compromised abutments. + Bilateral edentulous spaces which requires cross arch 1 stabilization, + Too greater bone resorption. 3. Classification of edentulous ridges asst [it is a ridge with loss of faciotingual width, with normal apicacoronal height. Tt constitutes 32.4% ofthe edentulous ridges. ass IT | Its the ridge with loss of ridge height with normal ridge width, % ‘lass HE | It is the ridge with loss of both height and width, Glass 1V__ [It nieates normal ridges. 4. COMPONENTS OF FFD 2. + Retainers that obtain support fom the abutment + Portes that replace the missing teeth, and + Connectors that connect the ponties to the retainers, ABUTHENT: 4. “Abutment” is the natural tooth of a root which retains or supports the ridge. 2. The most important factor to be considered inthe design of a fixed prosthesis isthe location and the characteristics of the abutment. Location, positon and condition of the tooth: 3. Unrestored, ares free abutments form an ideal abutment as“ they require conservative tooth reduction 4. Teeth with grossly decayed crowns that can be restored with Indications for £P0: 5. + short span edentulous arches. * Presence of sound teeth that can offer sufficient support full veneer crown, Endodontcally treated tooth must be restored with post and core to decrease their tendency to facture. Pulp capped teeth should not be used as abutments because they are always under the risk of root canal treatment, More fully the tooth is erupted, the greater the surface area covered by the retainer and the thicker and mote rigid is the casting Teeth with long clinical crowns provide maximum retention and resistance. Short clinical crowns may provide insufficient retention and resistance and nat permit the use of partial veneer crown, Posterior teeth provide mote retention than anterior teeth, Root configuration: ‘+ Roots ofthe abutment should be evaluated for crown root ratio, root configuration and periodontal surface area. ‘© Roots with greater labiotingual width than mesiodistal width are preferable to roots that are round in cross section. ‘= Long, iregularly shaped and divergent roots offer great support. ‘© Short, conical and blunted roots offer poor support. Crown-root ratio # Teal = 13 + Optimum - 2:3 (6cET-16) + Minimal. ~ 1:1 (APP6-15) Periodontal ligament / Root surface area: ‘= Johnstone et al proposed, the Famous Antes law. ‘© Ante’s law states that “the total pericemental area of abutment teeth should be equal to or greater than the combined pericemental area of the teeth to be replaced.” ‘+ A ratio of 1:1 or greater satisfies the Ante's law. Ideal is2a, ‘+ The tooth with greatest pericemental area is maxillary 1* ‘molar (433 mm’) followed by mandibular 1" molar (431, mim). ‘+ The tooth with least pericemental area is: mandibular central incisor (154 mm*) ‘+ The posterior tooth with least pericemental area is ‘mandibular frst premolar (180 mm") Types of abutments: Healthy of ideal abutments ‘© Cantilever abutments Tilted abutments ‘© Extensively damaged abutment Implant abutments$$$ into partiat venture synopsis f-S—\-— 79) 45, 16. uv. 18, Healthy or ideal abutments: ‘An untestoted vital tooth in its normal anatomic position is considered as an ideal abutment. ‘An ideal abutment should have the following characteristics eal erown root ratio Adequate thickness of enamel and dentin Adequate bone support [Absence of periodontal disease Proper gingival contour Cantilever abutments: Cantilever bridge has an abutment at one end only, with the other end of the pontic remaining unattached. The selection of cantilever abutment is more critical because it has to withstand more than normal forces. The ideal cantilever situations include replacement of lateral incisor with canine support ~ Replacement of fist premolar with second premolar and frst molar support. Sufficient amount of tooth structure and more than average bone support should be present. A cantilever bridge on centeal incisor is contraindicated in presence of steep palatal vault and deep bite. There should be sufficient spacing of the anterior teeth for it to be considered. Contraindication of cantilever abutments: endodontically treated teeth = teeth with short roots If stiong abutments are not available, adjacent to the edentulous space, “spring cantilever” designs can be ‘neorporated Pier abutments A pier abutment isa single tooth bounded by edentulous spaces on either side. The single tooth acts as an abutment for both the edentulous spaces. Due to this, it is subjected to unbalanced forces which can lead to trauma of the periodontium. ‘The forces acting on one end of the prosthesis will tend to lft the other end like a lever using the abutment, as a fulcrum. This has an unseating effect on terminal retainers. In order to prevent this a stress breaker or a non rigid connector should be provided near the pier abutment. The non rigid connector consists of a key (male) in a keynay (female). The keynay is placed on the distal side of the pier abutment and the key is attached to mesial side of pont of the distal edentulous space i.e, non rigid connector is fabricated at the junction of pier abutment and distal pontic. This arrangement will seat the key into the keyway when subjected to occlusal forces. If the non rigid connector is placed at the junction of pier abutment and mesial pontic, occlusal forces will, tnseat the key from the keyway. 13. [A non rigid connector is avoided when the abutment ‘opposes an edentulous space or a RPO. This is because supra eruption of the posterior abutment will occur and unseat the key. If pier abutment is mobile, @ rigid connector should be used instead of a non rigid connector. Tilted abutments a) Tilted mandibular third molars (mesially) are the most commonly encountered titled abutments, bb) It fs difficult to obtain a single path of insertion in tilted abutments. ©). To overcome the disadvantages of tilted mandibular molar (2 or 3° molars) abutment, 5 methods can be used: 4) Mesial reduction of thitd mola The mesial surface of the tooth is reduced till it becomes parallel to the long axis of the other abutments. fi) Modified partial veneer crown (Proximal half crown) cover second mol Itcan be used as a retainer on the distal abutment. This is simply a 3/4" crown that has been rotated at 90°. This is prepared such that the mesial undercut is removed and a vertical path of insertion is obtained fil) Orthodontic treatment The abutment can be orthodonticaly altered so that a conventional FPD can be given. iv) Non rigid connector: ‘A non rigid connector (Key - Keyway) can be prepared parallel to the long axis ofthe tilted molar Eg: In case of missing mandibular first molar and tilted mandibular second molar, a non rigid connector placed on the distal aspect of 2° premolar retainer compensates for the inclination of the tilted mola. V) Telescopic exown: Here the tilted tooth is reduced considerably. A coping or retainer is fabricated over the tooth so that it alters the contour of the crown, This crown ‘is fabricated with vertical slots. The surface of the coping is left unpolished to facilitate cementation. This coping receives a second crown (Telescopic crown) in a vertical direction Disadvantages of telescopic crow ++ Esthetically not acceptable due to bulk of double castings, + Expensive, ‘= Cannot be used in short crowns.20. a. 2, 23. 2h Dental Pulse Extensively damaged abutments: ‘In these cases the teeth should be restored such that they gain adequate retention and resistance to be used as an abutment, * A tooth with shallow superficial multiple carious lesions involving all the surfaces may require a more extensive restoration than a tooth with a deep carious lesion involving more than one surface. © The central core of the tooth is the cylinder of pulp and ‘mm thickness of surrounding dentin. * Any carious lesion extending beyond the central core should be restored before fabricating the retainer of the fixed partial denture Grooves: * Grooves can be placed to provide retention. * Too many grooves may interfere with the seating of a full *# Grooves should be atleast Amm wide (COMEDK-08). Pins * Pin retention does not require vertical supragingival tooth structure for placement. It can be used in teeth with inadequate axial wall height © The two types of pins based on the technique of placement ate parallel pin holes and non parallel pins screwed into the dentin. Box forms * Tecan be used if a proximal lesion on the tooth interferes with the placement of a retentive groove. * Box forms provide both retention and resistance. Restoration of endodonticaly treated teeth: Substantial amount of tooth structure is lost during tooth preparation of an endodonticaly treated tooth for the full veneer crown. + In order to increase its resistance and support, a dowel core (post core) can be inserted, * Dowel core consists of 2 parts namely a dowel and a core. * The dowel (post) isthe screw component that is inserted {nto the root canal and the core behaves like a prepared ‘crown for the placement of a retainer + The canal should be obturated only with gutta-percha ‘and not with silver cones because it is easy to remove. * The longer the dowel the greater isthe retention, + The length of dowel should be equal to the crown length (2/3 the length of root, whichever is greater. © The length of the remaining apical filing should be atleast 4mm, © The coronal portion of the dowel should be encircled atleast by 1 - 2mm of tooth structure to obtain a ‘ferrule’ effect and protect the tooth structure from fracture. * For placing the post, the canal preparation should be atleast 80 No. endodontic fle. —e ‘+ If the crown structure is more than 50%, then place a core in the pulp chamber followed by construction of ‘+ If the crown structure is less than 50%, retention from root is required so a post in the root and core in the crown is prepared. ‘© Dowel core crown is advantageous than dowel crown because dowel core can be independently treated as, abutment. ‘+ Peeso reameris the instrument of choice for removing the ‘gutta-percha and for enlarging the canal RETAINERS: Retainer isthe part of FPO which unites the abutment to the remainder of the restoration. CLASSIFICATION OF RETAINERS: 1) EXTRACORONAL RETAINERS They extend around the axial surfaces ofthe tooth. 4) Complete veneer crowns Complete metal crown i) Complete porcelain crown 4Hi) Metal ceramic crown fv) Complete gold crown with acrylic facing b). Partial veneer crowns 4) Three quarter crowns: Restore occlusal surface and three of the four axial surfaces not including the facial surface, 4) Reverse three quarter crowns: Restores all surfaces except lingual surface. Indicated on mandibular molars with severe lingual inetination, ‘ti) Seven-eights crown: Extension ofthe three quarter crown to include major portion of the facial surface. fv) One half crown: ‘+ Ikis a thee quarter crown rotated at 90° preserving the distal surface. ‘© Indicated on a tilted mandibular molar abutment. ©) Conservative crowns. i) Laminates: ‘© Restore the facial surface of a tooth for esthetic purposes. ‘+ Fabricated from resin or dental porcelain ) sin bonded restorations: ‘These are cast metal partial veneers that are bonded to etched enamel. 11) INTRA CORONAL RETAINERS: Obtain retention and resistance from the intimate fit of the restoration within the confines of the coronal portion of the tooth.