ME219

Background:

1- Strains due to Normal Stresses:

2- Strains due to Shear Stresses:

Yxy, Yyz., Yxz

3- State of Stress: Plane Stress

4- Stress Transformation:
a- Purpose
b- Procedures: Using Equations or Mohr's Circle

Today's Subject:

5- Plane Strain

6- Strain Transformation:
a- Purpose
b- Procedures: Using Equations or Mohr's Circle

7- Examples
 ) ) \.

Plane Stress
; /
/.Mohr's \
cT;qJOb .. £&1) £b
OX"oy ~
r--\
Circle
of ' Hook's Law r

) z:",~)( 0'"., 'Ix

4, Stress
I J I -
..•.:-:.:'::~.;.'\.,; .-'

of!

Hook's

Law

Mohr's
£&,) Ct9'l.- ) U.] . C)( ~y Circle 64~CJh
)
£-4.1 ~b _~ Hook's Law] f!IIo,

Strain
1--.- ~
of , ~ I y ,
Rosette ~y U~A~ . ~I
r.:,AX _

Strain
Plane Strain
 Plane stress Plane strain

o
IY

0 -· ..
..
.
,,
,,
,,
--'--
,,
I----a -.tJ- x x

(a) (b)

TXZ= 0
Stresses IY
(Ix. (Iy. and Txy may have (Ix. (Iy. (Iz. and Txy may have
nonzero values nonzero values ~ r----------, .

I
I
-, I

l'xz =0 l'YZ =0 EZ =0 l'xz =0 l'yz =0 l'xy- :<,

I I

b)I··.······,1
I

1· ..... -
I
I I
Strains Ex, Ey, and l'xy may have
1-. I
Ex. Ey• Ez• and l'xy may have, I
I I
I
nonzero values nonzero values
OL-----'--
o x X

(c) (d)

Comparison of Plane stress & Plane ~train strain componerrt s z.c , cy and ~y
in xy plane .

YI
, IY YI
r---~--------~~

x
--------dx--------~

(a) (b)

in Plane-Strain: XI
Deformation
YI l'xydy

a- Normal strain &)(

c,y
:~71
b- Normal Strain

c- Shear Strain ~)ty =--'--_~~--'-'_'___'L____1/~

-----dx--~-.I x
(c)

Stresses Strains

~ a, Ex

_;orresponding variables in (Ty Ey

7"xy YXy12
Transformation Equations of (Tx EXl
l
7"xlYl YXly/2
Pla}n stress vs. Plane Strain
ME219 Page 1
Date: 05·15·'03

Result of strain transformation of class exercise:

a- Plane Strain Element

b- Strain Element oriented @ 0 := 30°
c- Principal Strains Element
d- Maximum Shear Strain Element

For details refer to Mohr's Circle.

110 X rl__
-~----------,
~",~

I ~
'..•. ,.

'~':'I~:~t):';"
,', • /
I

180 x 10-{jt/~, 1 '

f~ " " " :'
I 1.,' \' : !-"

o t...-_-'-_--L , "
.J_ -,---,'---':::: x

~ ~
(a) (b)

--_ ... \
\
\
\
~----/--J.
~
()s = 64.0
\ 0

_\~\----f
\
\ ~ 2

1225 x 10-6
~
-370Y
x 10-{j
()= 19.0° PI

x x

(c) (d)

iBacking

---.--~;j
Wires

Gage length

Electrical-resistance strain gage (shown greatly enlarged).

ME 219 SEe 01 Quiz#6 Page 1
Date: 05-18-'06

NAME: _ SID # _

Question 1: (20 Points)

On the surface of a space vehicle the strains are monitored by means of a strain rosette as shown. During certain maneuver the
~ ~ ~
following readings were recorded: e = 1,100 x 10 s = 200 x 10 and s = 200 x 10 .
ABC y
The material is special magnesium alloy with: E = 6,000-ksi , u = 0.35 , G = 2,200-ksi.
a- Use Mohr's Circle to determine the principal strains and maximum shear strain 'Y at this point.
b- Find maximum shear stress 't' and state whether it is in-plane or out-of-plane shear.
B

O~l~~i~~--~----x
A
ME 219 HW Strain Transformation Page 1

NAME: SID#

Question 1:
The strains on the surface of an experimental devise are monitored by means of three strain gages A, B and C put at
0= 60°, 90° and 120° respectively. The reading of the gages are SA = -90 x 10 , eB = -190 x 10 and KC = -240 x 10 .
a- Find the reading of a gage put at 6=0°, along the x-axis.
b- Use Mohr's Circle to determine the in-plane principal strains and their directions.
c- Determine the absolute maximum shear strain and its plane.

Answers:
eA =-90x10
e = -40 x 10~6, 8 = -240 x 10"6' E = 120 x 10"6
a b c

(ymax)xz =360x!0" 6

Question 2:
A load P = 72-kips is applied to the steel beam shown:
a-Determine the reading of strain gages in 45° rosette at point A.
b-Find principal strains and absolute maximum shear strain using strain transformation.
Assume: E = 29,000-ksi G = 11,500 ksi

Answers:
sx = 552 x 10"6, sy = -144 x 10"6, e45 = 168 x 10"6
ea = 554 x 10"6, eb= -146 x 10~ 6 'ec= -144 x 10~6
(y ) =700x!0" 6
v ' max'xy

A.
ME 219 HW Strain Transformation Page 2

NAME: SID#

Question 3
The spherical pressure vessel has an inner diameter of 2-m and a thickness of 10-mm. A strain gage having a length
of 20-mm is attached to it, and it is observed to increase in length by 0.012-mm when the vessel is pressurized.
Determine the pressure causing this deformation, the maximum in-plane shear stress, and the absolute maximum
shear stress at a point on the outer surface of the vessel.
Assume: E = 200-GPa u = 0.3
20 mm

Answers:
p = 3.43MPa
Tmax in plane = 0 MPa
Tmax out-of plane =85.7 MPa

Question 4:
6
A steel plate with E = 3 Ox 10 psi and u =0.30 is loaded in biaxial stress with o = 18,000-psi and o as shown.
.-6
A strain gage put at (p = 30° measures the strain £30 = 407 x 10 , determine a the in-plane shear stress, the
absolute maximum shear stress, in-plane shear strain and absolute maximum shear strain.

Answers:
o =2,400-psi
Tmax .
in plane
=7,800-psi, Tmax out-ot plane =9,000-psi
(Ymax)xy =676xlO~ 6 , (y' max)xz =780x!0" 6
ME 219 HW Strain Transformation Page 3

NAME: SID#

Question 5
A thin rectangular plate in biaxial stress is subjected to ox and oy as shown. The plate has the width of b =10-in, the
height of h = 8-in, and thickness of t = 1.5-in. After plate is loaded the strain gage on the surface of the plate show
measurements of e =600-uande = 448-(i at p = 40°. Determine ax and oy.
A. D

Plate is made of brass with E = 15,000-ksi and v = 0.375

Answers:
o x = 12,000-psi
oy = 8,000-psi h
L t
-*ft
_ -^
r

Question 6
A solid circular bar with a diameter of d = 1.5-in is subjected to an axial force P and a torque T. After rod is loaded
the strain gages mounted on the surface of the rod give readings of e = 100-u and SB = - 55-u. The rod is made of
steel having E = 30,000-ksi and t> = 0.29. Determine:
a-The axial load P and the torque T.
b-The absolute maximum shear stress and shear strain in the rod.

Answers:
P = 5,300-lbs,T=l,3901b-in
Tmax m
in piane
n1anp = 2,580-psi
' i >, \i
(Ymax'x
) 222-U