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    4-Tabla Diseño Compresión

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    PART 4 DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS 43 AVAILABLE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 43 LOCAL BUCKLING ... see : 43 Determining the Width-to-Thickness Ratios of the Cross Section . 3 Determining the Slendemness of the Cross Section ...... EFFECTIVE LENGTH AND COLUMN SLENDERNESS COMPOSITE COMPRESSION MEMBERS DESIGN TABLE DISCUSSION Steel Compression—Member Selection Tables Composite Compression —Member Selection Tables. PART 4 REFERENCES ‘STEEL COMPRESSION MEMBER SELECTION TABLES . Table 4-1, W-Shapes in Axial Compression... - ‘Table 4-2, HP-Shapes in Axial Compression. Table 4-3. Rectangular HSS in Axial Compression . Table 4-4, Square HSS in Axial Compression... ‘Table 4-5. Round HSS in Axial Compression Table 4-6. Pipe in Axial Compression... ‘Table 4-7. WT-Shapes in Axiat Compression .........4 Table 4-8. Equal-Leg Double Angles in Axial Compression Table 4-9. LBB Double Angles in Axial Compression . Table 4-10. SLBB Double Angles in Axial Compression sees ‘Table 4-11. Concentrically Loaded Single Angles in Axial Compression . ‘Table 4-12, Eccentrically Loaded Single Angles in Axial Compression COMPOSITE COMPRESSION—MEMBER SELECTION TABLES . Table 4-13, Rectangular HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in Axial Compression 6.0.0 000000 ec ee cece cette eee eee ce a eee eee 205 Table 4-14. Rectangular HSS Filled in Axial Compression . Table 4-15. Square HSS Filled with 44 in Axial Compression... si Normal Weight Concrete i Normal Weight Concrete PmosieynooeiemeewnASe A Ins fas ora oe rer ‘oropeanot ener prea wit! eenwe tang AN INSTITU acne 2 he Got 42 DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS. Table 4-16, Square HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight Conctete in Axial Compression becteteseee 4.263 ‘Table 4-17. Round HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in Axial Compression ..... seve 279 “Table 4-18, Round HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weigh i Conerete beeen ener eee eee 4-296 in Axial Compression ........ on ‘Table 4-19. Pipe Filled with 4-ksi Normat Weigh Concrete in Axial Compression ..........0. cee ‘Table 4-20. Pipe Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in Axial Compression . cece eee e eee eeeeeeees 4317 Table 4-21. Stiffness Reduction Factor t .. cesses $21 ‘Table 4-22. Available Critical Stress for Compression Members ...... pees A-322 ‘Serko Amanean he cf Sie Contin Set ean bre an AMERICAN INSTITUTE € oti Tach TOO No ropduten aetna tng paris viet heres fom Roviornesaezovi webs Our EFFECTIVE LENGTH AND COLUMN SLENDERNESS: 43 SCOPE The specification requirements and other design considerations summarized in this Part apply to the design of members subject to axial compression. Por the design of members subject to eccentric conipression or combined axial compression and flexure, see Part 6. AVAILABLE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ‘The available strength of compression members, §P, or P,/@, which must equal or exceed the required strength, P, or P,, respectively, is determined according to AISC Specification Chapter E. LOCAL BUCKLING Determining the Width-to-Thickness Ratios of the Cross Section ‘Steel compression members are classified on the basis of the width-to-thickness ratios of the various elements of the cross section. The widti-lo-thickness ratio is caleulated for each ele- ment of the cross section per AISC Specification Section B4. Determining the Slenderness of the Cross Section ‘When the width-to-thickness ratios of all compression elements are less than or equal to A,, the cross section is nonslender, and Q, the reduction factor for slender compression ele- ments (elastic local buckling effects), equals 1.0. When the width-to-thickness ratio of a compression clement is greater than A,, the cross section is a slender-element cross section and Q must be included in the calculation of the available compressive strength. Q is deter- mined pet AISC Specification Section E7, and A, is determined per AISC Specification Section B4 and Table B4.1a. EFFECTIVE LENGTH AND COLUMN SLENDERNESS, Columns are designed for their slendemess, KL/r, per AISC Specification Section E2. The effective length, KL, is equal to the effective length factor, K. multiplied by L, the physical length between braced points (see AISC Specification Appendix 6). When a stability analysis is performed using the direct analysis method per AISC Specification Chapter C When a stability analysis is performed using the first-order analysis method in AISC Specification Appendix Section 7.3, K= 1. When a stability analysis is performed using the effective length method in AISC Specification Appendix Section 7.2, the following applies: K= 1 for columns braved at each end and whose flexural stiffnesses are not consid- eied to contribute to lateral stability and resistance to lateral loads. K= | forall columns when the ratio of maximum second-order drift to first-order drift in alt stories is less than 1.1. K shall be determined trom a sidesway buckling analysis for all columns whose flex- ufal stiffhesses are considered to contribute to lateral stability and resistance © lateral nyt Aenean mau tie Consrcion bs ‘rowdy ns or orca WeSC Auerican INSUITUTE C84 1G Toon, asroren ‘omoroaann crt pots win cease ton elt ale 0 2659.04 a4 DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS. loads. Guidance on the proper determination of the value of K is given in AISC Specification Commentary to Appendix Section 7.2. As indicated in the User Note in AISC Specification Section E2, compression member slendemess, KL should preferably be limited to a maximum of 200. Note that this recom- mendation does not apply to members that are primarily tension members, but subject to incidental compression under other load combinations. Additional information is available in the SSRC Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Meial Structures (Ziemian, 2010). COMPOSITE COMPRESSION MEMBERS For the design of encased composite and filled composite compression members, see AISC Specification Section 12. Sce also AISC Design Guide 6, Load and Resistance Factor Design of W-Shapes Encased in Concrete (Griffis, 1992). For further information on com- posite design and construction, see also Viest et al. (1997). DESIGN TABLE DISCUSSION Steel Compression—Member Selection Tables Table 4-1. W-Shapes in Axial Compression Available strengths in axial compression are given for W-shapes with F, A992), The tabulated values are given for the effective length with respect to the y-axis (KLyy. However, the effective length with respect to the x-axis (KL), must also be investi- gated. To determine the available strength in axial compression, the table should be entered at the larger of (KL), and (KE)y og, where 1) Values of the ratio re/ry and other properties useful in the design of W-shape compression members are listed xt the bottom of Table 4-1. Variables Pro, Pyis Pai and Pp shown in Table 4-1 can be used (0 determine the strength of Weshapes without stiffeners to resist concentrated forees applied normal to the face(s) of the flange(s). In these tables it is assumed that the concentrated forces act far enough away from the member ends that end effects are not considered (end effects are addressed in Chapter 9). When P, < $2, or R/O, column web stiffeners are not required. Figures 41, 4-2 and 4-3 illustrate the lirnit states and the applicable variables for each, ‘Web Local Yielding: The variables Py. and P,; can be used in the calculation of the avail- able web local yielding strength for the columm as follows: LRFD ASD. QRn= Prot Pwilo — (A-2a) RyYIQ= Poo Prily (4-2) Sopa Arata esse cf te Conancton Pers by ounce WHI Anaraican INSTUn8 € $0816 019 Tecan AaTeSADN No mpreduc or newotin prmed wnt ere tn Nato Rape 2OTi 97213063. DESIGN TABLE DISCUSSION where ty (S-+ 15) = SF put + Fyvtwls, kips (AISC Specification Equation J10-2 ) SF wfyk for LRED and 5F,,t,,4/Q for ASD, kips F nate for LRFD and Fyety/2 for ASD, kipsvin. jistance from outer face of flange to the web toe of fillet, in, angth of bearing, in. hickness of web, in. ‘Web Compression Buckling: The variable Py is the available web compression buckling strength for the column as follows: LRFD AsD Rn = Pos 3a) RQ (43h) where 13 Ry = tte EB et {AISC Specification Equation 10-8 ) 3 3 ER Pg AEF for LRFD and Ban for ASD, kips Foe = specified minimum yield stress of the web, ksi ‘A =clear distance between flanges less the fillet or comer radius for rolled shapes, in, o 90 Q =167 5k + ly 5 as Fig. 4-1. Mustration of web local yielding limit state {AISC Specification Section 110.2). Prmcdoyo cueriemaAse d a eon Tat asst Simla pyro or eo eR srr Sd asTestion ‘oredr cena pmb ltt seca tens CAN INST ecco 2389 OMT 46 DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS Flange Local Buckling: The variable Pg, is the available flange local bending strength for the column as follows: LRFD ASD. OR, = Pp (4-4a) RylQ= Pry (4-40) where R, = 6.25F yt}, kips (AISC Specification Equation 310-1 ) Pye = 96.25 Fyt} for LRED and 6.25 Fyt7/Q for ASD, kips 6 =090 Q =167 Bs as] Fig. 4-2, Mlustration of web compression buckling tinit stare {AISC Specification Section 410.5) 4 Fig 43, Wustration of flange local bemling limit state (AISC Specification Section HO). eoyltAmetean nee fie Ceneration Prony tcc icwae wt ASE Awpetcan Insrrmyrre Salt og Techn stesreny Norpro orsamonir cats whut tense em i etter emeaovinr 71388004 DESIGN TABLE DISCUSSION 47 Table 4-2. HP-Shapes in Axial Compression ‘Table 4-2 is similar to Table 4-1, except it covers HP-shapes with F, = 50 ksi (ASTM A572 Grade 50). Table 4-3. Rectangular HSS in Axial Compression “Available strengths in axial compression are given for rectangular HSS with F, = 46 ksi {ASTM AS00 Grade B). The tabulated values are given for the effective length with respect to the y-axis. (KE). However, the effective length with respect to the x-axis (KZ), must also be investigated. To determine the available strength in axial compression, the table should be entered at the larger of (Ki), and (KL), eq, where (sx) (FD) y= ab ty Values of the ratio ry/ry and other properties useful in the design of rectangular HSS com- pression members are listed at the bottom of Table 4-3, Table 4-4. Square HSS in Axial Compression ‘Table 4-4 is similar to Table 4-3, except that it covers square HSS. Table 4-5. Round HSS in Axial Compression Available strengths in axial compression are given for round HSS with F, = 42 ksi (ASTM A500 Grade B), To determine the available strength in axis! compression, the table should be entered at KZ. Other properties useful in the design of compression members are listed at the bottom of the available column strength tables, Table 4-6. Pipe in Axial Compression Table 4-6 is similar to Table 4-5, except it covers pipe with F, = 35 ksi (ASTM A53 Grade B). Table 4-7. WT-Shapes in Axial Compression ‘Available strengths in axial compression, including the limit state of flexural-torsional buck- Ting, are given for WT-shapes with F; ~ 50 ksi (ASTM A992). Separate tabulated values are xiven for the effective lengths with respect to the x- and y-axes, (KL), and (KL)y. respee- tively. Other properties useful in the design of WT-shape compression members are listed at the bottom of Table 4-7. Table 4-8. Equal-Leg Double Angles in Axial Compression ‘Available strengths in axial compression, including the limit state of flexural-torsional buck- Ting. are given for equal-leg double angles with Fy = 36 ksi (ASTM A36), assuming "s-i. separation between the angles, These values can be used conservatively when a larger sep- aration is provided. Alternatively, the value of (KL), can be multiplied by the ratio of (7p for a Yein, separation) to (ry for the actual separation). Separate tabulated values are given for the effective lengths with respect to the x- and -axes, (KL), and (KL)y, respectively. For buckling about the x-axis, the available strength Copyignt Arran nati of int Conscon a a esr Frovaeaoy nS undrioaea nie MERICAN INSTITUTE: C$ xO Tei ANTES: ‘ronson eretetng samt waste ton bass nN INSTITUTE CSS econ 22808 OMT 48 DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS is not affected by the number of intermediate connectors. However, for buckling about the y-axis, the effects of shear deformations of the intermediate connectors must be considered. ‘The tabulated values for (KE), have been adjusted for the shear deformations in uecordance with AISC Specification Equations E6-2a and E6-2b, which is applicable to welded and pretensioned bolted intermediate shear connectors. The number of intermediate connec- tors. n, is given in the table and the line of demarcation between the required connector values is dashed. Intermediate connectors are selected such that the available compression buckling strength about the y-axis is equal to or greater than 90% of that for compression buckling of the two angles as a unit, If fewer connectors or snug-tightened bolted interme- diate connectors are used, the available strength must be reculeulated per ATSC Specification Section E6. Per AISC Specification Section 6.2. the slendemess of the indi- vidual components of the built-up member based upon the distance between intermediate connectors, a, must not exceed three-quarters of the controlling slenderness of the overall built-up compression member. ‘Other properties useful in the design of double-angle compression members ate listed at the bottom of Table 4-8. Table 4-9. LLBB Double Angles in Axial Compression ‘Table 4-9 is the same as Table 4-8, except that it provides available strengths in axial com- pression for double angles with long legs back-to-back, Table 4-10. SLBB Double Angles in Axial Compression ‘Table 4-10 is the same as Table 4-8, except that it provides available strengths in axial com- pression for double angles with short legs back-to-back. Table 4-11. Concentrically Loaded Single Angles in Axial Compression Available strengths in axial compression are given for single angles, loaded through the een {roid of the cross section, with F, = 36 ksi (ASTM A36) based upon the effective length with respect to the z-axis, (KL). Single angles may be assumed to be loaded through the centroid when the requirements of AISC Specification Section ES are met, as in these cases the ‘eccentricity is accounted for and the slenderness is reduced by the restraining effects of the support at both ends of the member. Table 4-12. Eccentrically Loaded Single Angles in Axial Compression Available strengths in axial compression are given for eccentrically loaded single angles with F, = 36 ksi (ASTM A36). ‘The Jong leg of the angle is assumed to be attached to a gusset plate with a thickness of 1 St. The tabulated values assume load placed at the mid-width of the long leg of the angle al a distance of 0.75¢ from the face of this leg. Effective length, KL, is assumed to be the same on all axes (r;, ry, F; and fy), Table 4-12, ‘considers the combined bending stresses at the heel and the fips of the angle (points A, B and C in Figure 4-4) produced by axial compression plus biaxial bending moments about Copy sreran ntsc St Cons rte oy ue ene a AS Au (STITUTE c Sattmorp Team rarer: NStopedise anecdotes CAN Setornetanaori 2 S809 04 DESIGN TABLE DISCUSSION 49 the principal w- and z-axes using AISC Specification Equation H2-1. Points A and C are assumed at the angle mid-thickness at distances b and d (respectively) from the heel. ‘Note that for some sections, such as L3'/2x3x%/s, the calculated available strength can increase slightly as the unbraced length increases from zero, and then decrease as the unbraced length further increases. Composite Compression—Member Selection Tables Table 4-13. Rectangular HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in Axial Compression Available strengths in axial compression are given for rectangular HSS with Fy = 46 ksi (ASTM A500 Grade B) filled with 4-ksi normal weight concrete. The tabulated values are given for the effective length with respect to the y-aris (KL)y. However, the effective length with respect to the x-axis (KL), must also be investigated. To determine the available strength in axial compression, the (able should be entered af the larger of (KLiy and (Ky eq, where (x1), = 2 (45) Tony Values of the ratio rad?ny ancl other properties useful in the design of composite HSS cont- pression members are listed at the bottom of Table 4-13. The variables fin, and finy are the radii of gyration for the composite eross section. The ratio rnu/Fm; is determined as 46) Fig. 4-4. Eccentvically loaded single angle. nyt Arata nan of Se Cancion ronda yr leas WIM NE _pfingtocan INSTITUTE CBaoy Tech Array, mpi a ettin gems wea ears Revartean gorsnan 219600 OMT 410 DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS For compact composite sections, the values of 6, and My/Q were calculated using the nominal moment strength equations for point B of the interaction diagram in Table C of the Discussion of Limit State Response of Composite Columns and Bean-Colunns Part H: Application of Design Provisions for the 2005 AISC Specification (Geschwindner, 2010). For noncompact sections, the values of @M, and My/C2 were calculated using the closed formed equations presented in the Commentary Figure C-13-7 ‘The available strengths tabulated in Tables 4-13 through 4-20 are given for the indicated shape with the associated concrete fill. AISC Specification Section 12.2b stipulates that the available compressive strength of a filled composite member need not be less than that spec- ified for a bare steel member. In these tables, available strengths contralied by the bare steel acting alone are identified. Additionally, there is no longitudinal reinforcement provided, because there is no requirement for minimum reinforcement in the AISC Specification. The use of filled shapes without longitudinal reinforcement is a common industry practice. Table 4-14. Square HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight Concrete Axial Compression Table 4-14 is the same as Tuble 4-13, except that it provides available strengths in axial com- pression for square HSS filled with 4-ksi normal weight conorete. Table 4-15. Rectangular HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in Axial Compression Table 4-15 is the same as Table 4-13, except that it provides available strengths in axial com- pression for rectangular HSS filled with 5-ksi normal weight concrete. Table 4-16. Square HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in Axial Compression ‘Table 4-16 is the same as Table 4-13, except that it provides available strengths in axial com- pression for square HSS filled with 5-ksi normal weight concrete. Table 4-17. Round HSS Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in Axial Compression Available strengths in axial compression are given for round HSS with Fy = 42 ksi (ASTM ‘A500 Grade B) filled with 4-ksi normal weight concrete. To determine the available strength in axial compression, the table should be entered at the largest effective length, KL. Other properties useful in the design of compression members are listed at the bottorn of Table 4-5. The values of 6M, and M,/Q were calculated using the nominal moment strength equa- tions for point B of the interaction diagram in Table D of the Discussion of Limit State Response of Composite Columns and Beam-Columns Part Il: Application of Design Provisions for the 2005 AISC Specification (Geschwindner, 2010). Table 4-18. Round HSS Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight Concret Axial Compression Table 4-18 is the same as"Table 4-17, except that it provides available strengths in axial cont- pression for round HSS filled with 5-ksi normal weight concrete. ri pa entetind apart, b eevwon rae, Frowaty Ms woe tare mn ERIC or Tea 0700 errata rabting parid witicnae mt big AN INSTITUTE (ety benny eae GUT PART 4 REFERENCES an Table 4-19. Pipe Filled with 4-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in Axial Compression ‘Available strengths in axial compression are given for pipe with Fy = 35 ksi (ASTM AS3 Grade B) filled with 4-ksi normal weight concrete. To determine the available strength in axial compression, the table should be entered at the largest effective length, KL. Other prop- erties useful in the design of compression members are listed at the bottom of Table 4-6. Table 4-20. Pipe Filled with 5-ksi Normal Weight Concrete in Axial Compression Table 4-20 is the sume as Table 4-19, except that it provides available strengths in axial com- pression for pipe filled with -ksi normal weight concrete. Table 4-21. Stiffness Reduction Factor Tp ‘When an analysis is performed using the effective length method in AISC Specification Appendix Section 7.2, that procedure requires determination of the effective Jength factor, K.A.common method of determining X is through the use of alignment charts provided in the AISC Specification Commentary. When column buckling occurs in the inelastic range, the alignment charts usually give conservative results, For more accurate solutions, inelastic K-factors ean be determined from the alignment chart by using 7p times the elastic modulus of the colurans in the equa- tion for G. The stiffness reduction factor, tp. is the ratio of the tangent modulus, £7 , to the elastic modulus, E. Values are tabulated for steels with Fy = 35 ksi, 36 ksi, 42 ksi, 46 ksi and 50 ksi. Table 4-22. Available Critical Stress for Compression Members Table 4-22 provides the available critical stress for various ratios of Ki/r, for materials with a minimum specified yield strength of 35 ksi. 36 ksi, 42 ksi, 46 ksi and 30 ksi, PART 4 REFERENCES Geschwindner, LF. (2010), “Diseussion of Limit State Responses of Composite Colurnns and Beam-Columns Part 11: Application of Design Provisions for the 2005 AISC Specification,” Engineering Journal, AISC, Vol. 47, No. 2, Ind Quarter, pp. 131-139, Chicago, IL. Griffis, L.G. (1992), Load and Resistance Factor Design of W-Shapes Encased in Concrete, ign Guide 6, AISC, Chicago, IL. Sakla, S. (2001), “Tables for the Design Strength of Eecentrically-Loaded Single Angle Struts,” Engineering Journal, AISC, Vol. 38, No. 3, 3rd Quarter, pp. 127-136, Chicago, IL. Viest. LM., Colaco, J.P., Furlong. R.W., Griffis, L.G., Leon, RT. and Wyllie, LA. (1997), Composite Construction Design for Buildings. ASCE, New York, NY. Ziemian, R.D, (ed.) (2010), Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures, 6th Bd, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Sop sarang tcacaaniten 1 eas rot ine eos th 5 aE RICAN ISSTITUTE Cd ey Tt AOS No mpodactne sete paid wit iene tom Retr ane 2107 23099 6 412 DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS Table 4-1 Available Strength in Axial Compression, kips wis W-Shapes ‘Shape wis It Design Fy = 50 ksi Pale] OoPe [PulQe] def 616 [ATG] 080 200 {8750 | sono 6120 } 8730 | 5570 600 | 3860 | 5500 5950 | 2800 | 5120 3000 | Sa60 | 3550 | 5380 8770 | 3490 | 6240 5660 | 3420 | 5150 5560 | 3360 | 5050 50 | 3290 | 4950 5340 | 3220,| 4800 s100 | 3080_| 4600 960 | 2920 | 4400 4600 | 2770 | 4160 seo | 2610 | 3020 4080 | 2450:| 3680 3820 3680 | 2130 | 3200 900 | 4970 | 2060 3050 #.1820;| 2730 Po00 | 1670 | 2510 2900 | 1710 | 2570 | 4520 | 2200 1560 | 2340 | 1390 | 2080 2420 | 1486 2140 | 1270 | 1910 ‘90 | 1460 | 1750 1810 | 1070 | i610 . g BE2 EY Ettective length, Kt (), with respect to Least radius of gyration, ry 36 38 40 42 4 46 8 50 3 g 3 d] 2240 | i260 | 1920 119 | 730] 419 | 673 | 101 29g00] 12500] r8800 | 3450 | 1990 | 2400 159 156 185 213 196 19 162 147 1 9430 8210 7190 4170 3250 2880 2500 : 4.62 456 449 449 438 lly 174 173 471 470 1.68 1.87 FedKi?/0%,A-in?| 409000 | 385000 | 309000 | 270000 | 235000 | 205000, PMO Kin?| 195000 | Ti9@0__| 105000, 93000 82400 73300 SD RFD | Fngo ticiness gratr tar 2 Spal raqoremens ay arly par ASC Speafcaton Section XB p= 167 Pon Kids Pe kgsin ys Fp. ks by tt unt Ay in? eins pint ain. eee Hi Sooo Arran ai Cancion on Pret by sone AC SSTTTUTE, Se sr Tosti. 7857409 Rorapodon oan paaad nou eres tn bs AN INSTITUTE ee Sern at a8 OMT STEEL COMPRESSION ~ MEMBER SELECTION TABLES 413 Table 4-1 (continued) F, = 50 ksi Available Strength in Axial Compression, kips W-Shapes wi4a Shape Witax ‘bt “a0 ey 310 ue we 2a Design (ube AeP [lke ooh [ld Ph [Fle oePh | Pel tt [Pls] Pa ‘aso'| iRFD | asp | URFO | ASD!) LRFD | {ASD | LRFD | ‘ASD | LRFD | ASD | LAFD | aran | 5620 Faso | S260 | 60 Fx000 | Bua0.T

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