Oil used in summer:

As a rule, you'll get the best protection in the summer when you use a slightly thicker grade
of oil, such as a 10W30 instead of a 5W30. Engines need a thicker oil in the summer months
because of the summer heat and its effects on thinning the oil out.  When the weather cools
down, you can switch back to a lighter, thinner oil, which will help preserve gas mileage in
the winter months.and 5w30 is a great multigrade oil for use in low starting temperatures as
well as high summer temperatures. It is also more fuel efficient since it creates less drag on
the bearings and moving engine parts. 10w30 is thicker and may provide better sealing
capability for older engines.

Oil used in winter:

The lower the W number, the better the oil will perform in colder temperatures. Typically, a
5W oil is recommended for winter use, but synthetic oils can be formulated to flow even
more easily when cold. This way, they can pass tests that meet the 0W rating. At operating
temperatures, both oils will have the same viscosity (30) and will flow and protect identically.
If the oil will be in the engine during winter and you live in a place where it gets cold during
these months, use 5w30 oil. If it will only be in the engine during the summer, use 10w30.

What is meaning of 5w30:

Most cars and trucks on the road today use multi-grade oil. Both 5w30 and 10w30 are multi-
grade products. This means they are designed to perform at both cold starting temperatures
and normal operation temperatures of 210° F without sacrificing performance. The first
number in the viscosity grade is the low temperature, winter rating (i.e. 5w and 10w).In fact,
that’s what the “W” stands for: Intermolt-grade oils are designed to be thin in cold weather,
so your engine gets the protection it needs while the engine is still warming up. The second
number in the viscosity grade is the high temperature rating (i.e. 30). The viscosity is
measured at 210° F to represent the normal operating temperature of an engine.The numbers
refer to the weight and thickness, or viscosity, of the oil. Motor oil gets thicker when it’s cold
and thinner when it heats up. The first number indicates the viscosity of the oil at a cold
temperature, and the second number indicates the viscosity at operating temperatures.