2nd edition e pbeler Student's Book Pack Mickey Rogers Joanne Taylore-Knowles Steve Taylore-Knowles Concept development: eee Level 3aDer RCM eu RU) cutee Be eee RO ITE Brim it rey with extra language practice plus videos and word lists. BRT cere Re RR NPM re te ts RC IER store al eT oat Before joining, you will need: @ your code (see below) 1. Go to the website www.macmillanmind.com Oyen @ apassword 2. Click ‘Activate your code’, Type in the code. Enter your email address and password. Make a note of your password. Each student has one code; do not share your code. Your code will last 18 months from the date you activate it. If you need help, get in touch at help.macmillan.com Semen eee rey een epeeus" uy" ny" wy! uwy' My Contents © Grommar review oye TEADING FORTHEMAIN | ting ee COMMUNICATION Wi joa entry IDEAS amend aicde | eyNcTOn isi chs ms | STRATES cea | FUNCTION exreing af learsing speker ‘thoughts ond Feigs in writing ~ealgemoynine aide | IDENTIFYING enon TD tokig eeu meres CRCAMING A FUNCHON toligetow | ANDATMUDE: stot | ryycnON sigs ‘| PARAGRAPH pra meas =e remember exert stud | JRADNG FORTHE | Useng na onlent COMMUNICATION | ‘Yhiting nein pragrogh MAN IDEA: esate | rucron wiingehon | STRATEGY din | suncrons came ie een + neg oneing j once } + sng oon ] Feadng nvioeguie GIB GHOTON | in i chi G oxcanizInG A = FUNCTION idkig ck ANDATMMUDE: shat | FUNCTION sing irnd | PARAGRAPH agai for ‘iin | covet as is opin | DIsMNGU UsHING ACE Liiiokomseons | CORREA J Wing st oie ‘AND OPINION: © FUNCTION ideniyng nd | STRATEOYE in] FUNCTION joao Imai aie pamela ome | wet | | Deak most eie EREREATRENGE lg chp EPC FUNCTION ding FUNCTION sspesng topes | WORK ntiaganemnl | Senos a tod cers Z ‘© regres nd Pononctin symbols poe vi =a “© Commence op ps poe ixLU SOUNDS: 5/5! SOUNDS: conse sas Ce PRESENT PERFECT + YET/ALREADY FUNCTION oking shot gos PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE FUNCTION kino! eon events yur USED TO FUNCTION ‘olin chu! past bits PAST PERFECT FUNCTION tiling chou! the pst LANGUAGE WRAP-UP Peg TAKE, MAKE, DO FUNCTION toling chute oxprionas THE LEARNING PROCESS FUNCTION tolkig chou the learning process PERSONALITY TYPES. FUNCTION sng quan phrases Memory FUNCTION amonbrng things LANGUAGE WRAP-UP DEFINITE ARTICLE THE / ZERO ARTICLE FE SKILLS SELF & SOCIETY: sting gods FUNCTION dicusing petal cin plans STUDY & LEARNING: preparing and ging usho presetton FUNCTION giving fede WORK & CAREER: SOUNDS: fi PROBLEMS WITH PRODUCTS FUNCTION inking bout every | FUNCTION ting bu poder ih rods peso obs onda SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS WITH PRODUCTS | FUNCTION reg INDIRECT QUESTIONS FUNCTION cing for stis to prbles plily | itn ond making FUNCTION «king arb /ifrntion sugesins pally ee LANGUAGE WRAP-UP a e WORDS: onpoundnoas | CAUSATIVE HAVE AND GET BUSINESS WORK & CAREER: s-cmpand ones | FUNCTION taking abut tig haps | FUNCTION toking abou sting p obies ‘unig bls io ee DESCRIBING PRODUCTS AND SERVICES porns ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -£D/-ING FUNCTION expresing tugs and feng FUNCTION eying ond dagesing FUNCTION pressing bases oo LANGUAGE WRAP-UP WORDS: say/ny/aid | REPORTED SPEECH ‘ORAL COMMUNICATION FUNCTION cepartin what ropes | FUNCTION ing shot rl comin REPORTED QUESTIONS ASK, SAY, TELL WORDS: past mold FUNCTION epring what poole sed THIRD CONDITIONAL FUNCTION oking abot ued suaions HOPE AND WISH FUNCTION oking about hopes and wishes FUNCTION ling abut rl communication with rasa vers LANGUAGE WRAP-UP DEALING WITH PROBLEMS FUNCTION dscrsingpetlems on slfans DECISIONS FUNCTION lig chou! making dcons LANGUAGE WRAP-UP STUDY & LEARNING repro information FUNCTION roping information ou ned SELF & SOCET: becoming me self vere FUNCTION esoaing to feodbok © Grommar referee oges xi1 Complete the sentences with the simple past or past progressive of the verbs in parentheses. + While Becky ___ {type} an email, a message from Ed finally (eppean) in her inbox. 2 What (do} when you ___ (hear) the terrible news? 3 We __ {not pay) attention so we _____ {not see] the sign. Where was it? 4 Jack ______ (run) for the bus when he (drop) his wallet. 5 Gemma's cell phone suddenly (cing) while she _ (sit) in a meeting. 2 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Would you like having / to have some vegetables with the chicken? Lizand I would like / like to watch an action movie instead of a comedy. Would you rather eat out/ to eat out tonight? They would prefer not to buy/ not buying it online. They'd rather work / to work late tonight and not have to arrive early tomorrow. e Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Kate, you have to do your hamework by yourself/ yourselves She burned himself/herself when she was cooking They wanted to start a business by themselves / them. We raised all the money by ourselves / itself I hurt itself/ myseifwhen I was at the gym. 4 Complete the questions with the words from the box. Then match them to the answers a-e. 1 ‘were you sitting at the concert yesterday? 2 you open the window, please? 2 you rather send me a text or call? 4 —_=____we bring anything with us to the picnic? 3 a oooo00 the next Euro cup be held in France? Yes, please, maybe some bread and cheese. Yes, | think so. 2 Whats best for you? &) Certainly ) Near the stage.5 There is one mistake in each sentence, Rewrite the sentences correctly. 4 The broadband at my office is more faster then at home. 2 The New Year's celebration is most important event in the Chinese calendar. 3 Mexico is as popular Costa Rica for American tourists. 4 That was the baddest movie I've ever seen, 5 Boston isn't as beautiful than New York. 6 You have to listen most carefully next time. 6 Rewrite these sentences using the passive. 1 People download millions of songs every day. Millions of songs 2 The Americans celebrate Independence Day on July 4 Independence Day 3 Someone didn’t take the first X-ray until 1895, The first X-Ray 4 People speak German, Italian, and French in Switzerland. German, Italian, and French 5 Jane Austen wrote Emma and Sense and Sensi Emma and Sense and Sensibility Complete the sentences with one word. Has Olivia been to India? How have you known your husband? I think they've lived there 2010. Rita and Nick have visited their friends in Brazil. Nick doesn’t like flying Where have you 2.1 was looking for you, © Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. You have / Customers Passengers hrve to / You can‘t/ don't have to pay to enter. We ask for a voluntary contribution. Mom ought / should to see a doctor about her sore throat. d try to leam five new English words a day. 0/ have to pay forall items before they leave the st. ve wear a seatbelt during take-off © Complete the sentences with too, enough, or not enough and the adjective in parentheses. + Hey! Can you turn the music down? It's in here. (loud) 2 Isthete chil in this? I can’t taste it I's (spicy) 2 I don't think | can eat all those fries. They're (greasy) 4 This house is for the three of us. We don't need to move. (big) = We should go to the beach tomorrow instead. The weather is today. (warm)40 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. That's enough, thanks. | don't want too much / many cream. Ill puta little / few more salt in the soup next time. The yard would look better with fewer/ less trees There isn't / aren't enough space on my computer for all these songs. There'll be too many / much people at the mall today. 41. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. 4. The exam starts / is starting at 10 am. on Monday. My horoscope says | will meet /’m meeting a tall, handsome stranger this week. 4: Would you like to go to the movies tonight? Yes, li/ 'm going to meet you there. 4 We're traveling / We will travel to Brazil this summer. We've booked the tickets. 5 What time does the train leave / is the train leaving? 42 Check (/) the correct sentences. Rewrite the incorrect sentences. 1 [1] Would you change jobs if you won $20,000? 2 D1 ifDad had more time, he'll decorate the house. 2 [1] When you go to Barcelona, you should visit the Picasso museum. 4 Dy Theyd buy a bigger house if they don't live in the city. 5s EiMiigo to Japan next month if [find a cheap flight. 13 Complete the sentences with gerunds formed from the verbs in the box. I don’t lke cooking. | much prefer out in restaurants. Janice is really good at _____ Spanish. What are you thinking of ______ tonightshould we go to the movies? _____ for clothes is one of my favorite things to do on weekends. He's worried about — the wrong decision, 1 2 a a s 44 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. | might / will go to see the show—'m not sure yet: She probably might / won't be able to come because she has too much work, Don't worry—the letter will / won't probably arrive tomorrow. Jack told me that he might / will definitely help. We will / might go for a walk—it depends on the weather.UNIT 1 IN THIS UNIT YOU © com tenguage tok recent events in your life A Ei Life is often referred to as a road or a journey. Look at the pictures and decide which road best represents % Tend about the siegescileinne your life, and why. Explain your ideas to your class or group. % = ‘| think my lifes like picture 5. There are y times ane ly and unpredictable, like ye tere al mmaybe ie tne {© listen so advice about learning © wite journal entry watch a video about study college and full af char ges. Hove it, “The road of life twist and wins and no two directions are ever the same. Yet our lessons ‘come from the journey, not the destination’ 100k the one less traveled by ‘And that has made all the difference” - “Map out your future — but do ie in peel The rozd ahead sas long as you make i Make ie worth he trip” B [E@ Read the three quotes about life above. Which one do you like the best? Why? A: like the Bon Jovi quote the best because i W hi We can make our lives go in any direction we wei 8: [like the Robert Frost quote becaus: is talking about making life interesting LIFE Learn how to set goals SKILLS a) & SOCIETY live and learnCMC) take make do an important step in| a video something artist your life 8 [work in pairs. Find out which things in Exercise A your partner has done. Ask for details. A: Have you ever taken a very important step in your life? 8: Yes, thave. | got marred. 4: Wow! How long have you been married? present perfect + yet/already A 1 LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT Listen to the conversation. What are Zach and Sean talking about? Zeck: | just finished my last exam, and in one week I'm going to be a college graduate! Sean: Lucky you. | haven't finished my exams yet. | still have two more. I've already taken the most dificult ones though, so that’s good. Zach: What are you going to do after college? Have you decided yet? Seen: Not yet, But I think | want to travel for a couple of months. Zack: Yeah, 'm not sure, either. I'm considering a couple of jobs, but I'd really like to take the summer off and do some volunteer work, Seen: So you've already received some job offers? Zach: Well, I've had interviews with two companies, but | haven't had any job offers yet. rs ‘ Look at the conversation again and Sean: Wow. You're lucky to have had interviews, te oie cenit ent Zsch: Yeah, | guess. So ... have you madle any travel plans yet? Beg eee Guawiancatesee ts sean: No, not yet, but I've already started thinking about Mexico! contect answar The position of already in a sentence in the present perfectis .. before haverhes. Form Choose the two correct options for each rule. bate hvctasendeune Then complete the table with examples from Exercise A. participle B ANALYZE Look again at the conversation in Exercise A. We use already in We use yet in 2 Thepestonof yrs 8) affirmative statements. 2) affirmativ ment 9) after the past participle, mana sae s, aermasiee Sater 1) between haverhas and the past ») negative statements. ») negative statements, pantcipl. © questions. © questions. Affirmative Negative already o : @ yet @Function Complete the rules with yet and already. + We use to say that something hasn't happened, WATCH QUT! but it will soon. ¥ | have already done volunteer work 2 Weuse to say that something happened sooner ny donee than expected, or to emphasize that it has happened, X | already have done volunteer work © PRACTICE Complete these conversations with already and yet. 1s So, have you found a job 2 8: Yes, 've been offered a job in a bookstore—they called me this morning ‘You need to live on the beach once in your life lve done that. I ived on the beach last surnmer Have you taken any important exams 2 No. I've taken a few small exams, but | haven't ‘taken an important one. Have you made a donation to charity this year? Yes, | gave some money last week You haven't filled out that job application ! Yes, | have. | didn’t have time earlier, but it’ finished now. Pree D BJ now you Do ir Work in groups. First, think about how you would complete these statements aboutevents !OW TO SAY IT in your life. Then discuss the statements with your group. _‘hen/Where/Why/Hew did you Why haven't you .. yet? | When are you planning to ..? Two o I've already ise nce Ae 4 s. /c, 02 Listen to these sounds and words. Can you hear the difference between the sounds /j/ and /é5/? Listen again and repeat. jilyet — fas/jet B 03 Listen and notice the difference between the pronunciation of the letters y and j, Practice saying the words. fil Ke ats i yes Jess yak ack yolk joke ¢ ijo4 FY work in pairs. Practice saying these sentences. 1 Have you flown on a jet yet? 2 Have you talked to Jess yet? 3 Yes, like egg yolk 4 Isyour friend's name Jess or Jack? 5 Do you know a good jake? CT eeSMUT A PAwork in pairs. Discuss these questions. 4 Apart from English, what other things are you learning right now? 2 What do you like about learning new things? What don’t you like about it? B Read the article. Underline the topic sentence in each of the two paragraphs. __ INTERMEDIATE When we lear something nev, there are times third stage, “conscious competence; we when we advance quickly and times when we are more competent, but we stil have to advance more stouly. Typically the interme ‘work had to maintain our competence level isa period when we make less progress than Sometimes this stage can seem like 100 we did at ear levels. This is true for learning much work! However, f we don't give anything-a language, sport, ora nev. job. At up, we will nally reach the last stage, ‘he intermediate level, progress is usually slower “unconscious competence: At this stage, because we are focusing on more complex details ournew skis have become automatic. than we did at earlier levels, Because progress We don't have to think about everything slows down, learners often feel that they are before we do it staying at the same level, and nat noreasing their gy skills or knowledge, We often refer to this stage as the “intermediate plateau” and ft i atime when many leamers become frustrated and give up. rl ACTUAL LEARNING CURVE The model shown in Diagram 1 presents the stages geal cof learning, Te theory behind the model is that, In ‘order to lear something new, we first have to be : q ee ‘conscious of what we know and what we do not know. Then we can develop competence, or the abilities we need to do something. Inthe first stage on the ladder, “unconscious incompetence” we do not know how much we need to lear. Everything isnew and we are exited about learning, so we advance quicky In tne second stage, “conscious incompetence’ we know how much we dant know! This can be a very frustrating period because we ate aware of how much there is to lear. In the © Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Then go back and look at the sentences you underlined in the text. Did you choose the correct topic sentences? 4 Paragraph 1 is about 3 Paragraph 2 is about 2) learning in general 2) a diagram that explains how learning happens. b)_ the intermediate stage of learning. b) how we learn at the intermediate level. The main idea of paragraph 1 is that The main idea of paragraph 2 is that 2) we usually learn more slowly at this level 2) there are clear stages in the learning process. b) we learn some things quickly and other things ») almost everyone learns slowly at the intermediate more slowly. level Read the statements and choose T (true) or F (false). Some stages of leaming are more difficult than others. Many people do not progress to an advanced level when they are learning something new, ‘At the beginner level, learners know exactly how much they need to learn Progress is usually very slow at the beginner level Conscious incompetence means that you know how much you haven't learned yet. In the case of English learners, by stage 3, students are fluent enough to think in English‘A. Read the paragraph. Then match the phrases in bold with the correct definitions below. " on a= i. o 8 B. > = oi g be oe beyond their (b) comfort zone, In other words, they (c) take risks and try things a little beyond their abilities. Second, they don't (d) give up during periods When they don’t (e) progress. Third and finally, they (f) measure their progress often by competing or taking exams, and they learn from their mistakes, 4a situation or state that you feel relaxed in [B] 4 to stop trying to do something [] | 2 tocheck development orimprovement[] 5 to develop or improve [] 3. tomake a determined effort to do 6 todo something, although you know that something [] something bad could happen [] B Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrases in Exercise A. | was trying to learn to paint, but | was terrible at it and finally I want to run a 10-km race, so | myself to run more every day. You can run short practice races with friends to your Successful people are usually not afraid to and try new things. You will not in anything if you do not move beyond your A [work in pairs. Read the list below. With your partner, check | the things that you think a person has to do to progress from an intermediate level to an advanced level in a sport. To become an advanced-level player, you have to LD get a professional trainer 1 lose 2 lot of games. 1 take risks and try new things. 1B wina lot of games. CO practice every day. 1 practice as much as you can, really want to get to an [1 feel very secure at 1 make a lot of mistakes, advanced level intermediate level 1 take some time off. J05 Listen to the conversation and check your answers to Exercise A. Did you guess correctly? © [work in pairs. Discuss these questions. + When you are learning something new, do you usually push yourself, or do you prefer to stay in your comfort zone? 2. Have you or has someone you know ever taken any risks? Was the result positive or negative? 3 When you are learning something, do you prefer to measure your progress rarely or often? 4 Have you ever given up something you were trying to learn? IFs0, why?® PSM Mra essa A LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT Read the email ‘What big change has happened in Meliss: HiSean, im sorry [haven't written for a while but Ive been really busy [was promoted at work last month, and since then [ve been working really hard to leam all the new things {have to do! 1™m reelly happy, though Since started my new jab, T've already made a lot of suggestions that ‘my manager likes, and we've been developing a new marketing strategy together, It's a lot of work, but it’ really exciting! What have you been doing? My mom told me you have moved to Seattle. I dicn't know! How Jong have you been living there? NOTICE! Love, Melissa Look at the underlined ver’ form in the text, Underline any other similar verb, B ANALYZE Look at the email in Exercise A again. f forms that you can find. Form Complete the table with examples from Exercise A. Affirmative Negative Questions Short answers hhave/has + been + ing form of the verb haven‘tbeen Have you been working really Yes, have. / working really hard? No, lhaven't really hard, hae. How long you ae there? 1) Function Choose the correct option to complete the rules. 1 We use the present perfect progressive to talk about WATCH OUT! 2) an experience or event that happened at an unspecified time in the past. Y te been working here since July. X lim working here: since July, X I've been knowing her for two years. 7 live known her for two years. an activity that started in the past and is still in progress now. We use the present perfect progressive to talk about ) the result of a recent continuing activity the result of a completed action in the past. We use the present perfect progressive with questions starting with =) How long, ») When. We use the present perfect to talk about something that happened 2) atan unspecified time in the past. by ata specific moment in the past. PRACTICE Complete Sean's reply to Melissa’s email with the present perfect or present perfect progressive form of the verbs in parentheses. Hi Melissa, Great to hear from you! Congratulations on your promotion! (1) (be) really busy, too. My cousin opened a new store three weeks ago, and I (2) — {make} promotional videos for him. I) already (make) two, and I'm finishing one more right now. At the same time, 1(@) (study) a lot for my final exams, They're next month. And, yes, 118) (move) to Seattle for the summer! [(6) (live) here for two weeks, and I'l be here until the end of the month. Also, 1 7) —— (meet) someone | really like. Her name's Carly, and we @ (go) out together for about two months, Actually, we () : (tot see) each other for about three weeks now because she's in Thailand for the summer. Ob, and | got a car! 1 (10) _— (have) it for four months now. Anyway, let's get together for lunch soon, Love, Sean. > [now vou po IT Work in pairs, Talk about things you have been doing lately. 4; So what have you been doing lately? 8: Well, I haven't been doing anything interesting because I've been studying a lot for my exams. 've already taken one exam, but there are two more next week. What about you? What have you been doing?B Listen to the conversation in Exercise A again. Underline the short phrases the speakers use to show interest and encourage the speaker to give more information. ‘Amy? Hi, | thought it was you! | haver Jody! Its been years! What have you been doing? jody: Well, I've been studying a lot recently. I'm doing a Masters degree. Are you? Excellent! Yes, in chemistry. Wow! I"ve been working since then jody: Oh, have you? That sounds interesting! Yes, but the job isn’t that great, actually Why not? jody: Really? our designs, lody: He doesn't? Thats too bad. Listen, | have to go, but let's keep in touch, OK? Amy: Yes, definitely. c¢ [work in pairs. Role-play a conversation like the one in Exercise A. Then swap roles. Student A, tell Student B your news and what you have been doing recently. Student B, respond to Student A and keep the conversation flowing. Use questions A [B)O6 Listen to the conversation. Who works as a designer? 't seen you for ages! m not in school anymore. | finished last summer, and Well, the company’s really small, and the work's little boring, Yes, my boss doesn't give us much freedom to take risks with What have you been doing? ‘Are you? / Have you? Excellent! Wow! That's t00 badd to show interest and encourage Student A to give more information Read the journal entry and choose the correct option to complete the sentences. The journal entry is about a sp 1 inthe writer's life 2 The writer feels J worried about getting a job. 3 The writer has/ been learning new things. 4 The writer feels satisfied / with her life B You are going to write your own journal entry. Make notes to plan your writing. Think about: + what you'l write about + your feelings and thoughts. other things you've been doing recently general feelings about your lfe Write your journal entry on a sheet of paper. Work in groups. Mix up the journal entries and take one. Make sure it isn’t your own. Read the entry and try to guess who wrote it. Tuesday, August 10 oa erate fee Hel elem ge one Geen tanta ~ just one wore semester! I've started contacti cougle of thane, $0 I's feeling pretty good about ree eer ten Dey Fig eee Toye eee ah "ose eemermuatine te: oe ecole meee (Ses pee ae acta Pee eyes Ges etre ‘that marathon [ve always wanted to do? | don't cane aero (diy he eee et 4s en Bt eral ermen Like i goed live and learnSETTING GOALS * Identify a personal goal. * Think of steps to help you achieve your goal. 4 Make a realistic plan. Read the information about setting personal goals. Then check the areas that are most important to you. Setting Personal Goals Setting personal goals can help you clarify what kind of life you want in the future. You do not have to make decisions about the rest of your life all at once! It's better to set goals for a shorter period of time, for example, for the next five years. First, think about all the things you would lke to achieve in that time. You will probably have a long lst! But you need to be realistic, so choose one or two things to focus on. Once you have identified a goal, you should break that goal down into smaller steps that ‘ill help you reach your goal. Smaller steps are easier to achieve and will help you stay motivated to continue working toward your goal as time passes. Education: Do you want to get or finish a degree? Do you want to study a job-related subject like cooking or mechanics? Career: Do you want to advance quickly in your profession? Is It important to you to eam allot of money? Family: Do you want to get married? Have children? Take care of an elderly relative? Relationships: Do you want to have or maintain a serious love relationship? Do you want to make more friends? Lifestyle: Do you want to work/study less and enjoy life more? Do you ‘want to have a healthier or greener lifestyle? Personal development: Do you want to read more? Take a course in personal improvement? Sports and hobbies: Do you want to spend more time playing a sport or doing a hobby? Do you want to start anew hobby? Do you want to compete in something? Public service: Do you want to make the world or your community a better place? B Now choose the area that is the most important to you. Think of a goal to achieve in that area. Write a short personal goal statement. I will focus on education: I want to get a Master ©© [work in pairs. Read your goal statements to each other. Then brainstorm a list of intermediate steps to help you reach your goal. Main goal: A Masters degree in IT (tart 2 years from now) Steps © Take an online IT course ~ next summer © Study harder to graduate with high grader ~ next 2 years © Fikd out about different IT graduate programs ~ enc of next year © Decide on an area of specialization fora Master — (prograimmég) © Apply 0 several Masters programs ~ seniar year D_ Write down when you will do each step and organize them in chronological order to make an action plan, Take notes about what you need to do to complete each step. Get a Master's degree in IT Date: Steps: The next 2 years Study harder ta graduate with high grades Done (programming) Decide an an area of specialization for a Master's End of next year Find out about different IT graduate programs Next suramer Take an online IT course Fall seinester of senior year ‘Apply 6 several Master's progrants £ E@explain your plan to your partner. Make further suggestions about each other’s plans. = = Discussing personal action plans I'm going to Have you... yet? Maybe you could also Another thing you could do is REFLECT ... How can the skill of sting goals be useful to you in ‘Work and Career ond Study and Lecrning? Live and learnLanguage wrap-up Complete the conversation with the correct form of take, make, and do. (9 points) I'm so bored with work. I'm going to ask my boss if | can) some time off and learn to (2 something artistic, or some volunteer work. Yesterday | “) a donation to a charity hat builds houses for homeless people. Maybe I'll volunteer there. | studied film, so maybe | could (5 promotional videos for them or something I wish I could do something like that, but | don’t have any time because I’m going to ( my final teachertraining exam next month. And I'm a lot of extra activities, too. I hope mot ' big mistake by becoming a teacher. Well, it an important step to _ but I’m sure you're going to love teaching, Its better than working in an office like | do. I hope so! 3 Complete the text with the phrases in the box. (6 points) comfortzone giveup measure our progress progress (v) push yourself take risks Keys to professional advancement Many of us in our careers by how many promotions we get. Are you tired of seeing other people get promoted before you? Do you want to fasterin your job or career area? To get promoted, you really have to make an effort and (3) to cdo more. You can't stay in your You have to and try new things. Ifyou haven't advanced in your job as quickly as you would like, don’t for our two-day seminar and get the keys to success! Gs EBHEER eS USO BASES WW TERS) Fake) and do and phreses elated to the learning 10-10 correct: Look again at the vocabulary sections on pages 10 and 13. Write sentences with the present perfect and yet and already. (6 points) you / already / see / this movie / ? my friends / already /leave they / move /‘to @ new house / yet /2 you / graduate / from college / yet /? he / not eat /his dinner / yet 6 she / already / find / a new job B Complete the email with the correct present perfect or present perfect progressive form of the verbs in parentheses. (9 points) Dear Mom and Dad! Well, | (be) at college for two whale weeks now, and | really like it! | @ (meet) some new people. | went out with them last weekend. Of course, | (stud), t00, so don't worry! | (not have) any exams, but there's a chemistry test next week, But, I'm afraid that | (spend) most of the money you gave me, so maybe you could sand some more? | © (look) for a part-time job, but (not find) one yet. | (8 (apply) fora job in a bookstore here, but | (not heat if| gat itor not. They said they would call me today. Love, Pete Pits SS HECEN CSA ULE Ihe bissent pelfect with yet and already. | can use the present perfect ahd present perfect proaressive. 1010 correct: Look again at the grammar sections on pages 10 and 14 SCORE: ns ©UNIT2 — IN THIS UNIT YOU ara A Look at the pictures and check the one that shows the child (or children) that seems the most like you when you were young, It doesn’t matter if he or she is a different gender from you. ©) sen to how people exe motions and attiudes } read a magarine article about smell and memory talk about memories write about a favorite memory watch a video about memory B [4 Tell your classmates which child (or children) in the pictures you were similar to, and why. A: was similar to the little boy in picture C because I liked doing dangero! terrified my mother. 8: Iwas like the girl in picture A. | was shy and quiet, ee elo lee ee me LAI) 4) short presentations STUDY & LEARNING aodRTO ANTS A Match the words for stereotypical personality types 1-8 with the people in the pictures A-H. Vathletic 2popular 3. toublemaker 4 academic Separiy animal 6ajoker 7arobel 8 geeky 8 [EJ Work in groups. Talk about what you and your friends were like at school. A: Sarah, did you fit any of these stereotypes when you were at school? Phrases Iwas kind of a rebel. You know, black clothes, loud music. { always a little bit of questioned authority. I never did anything really bad, though, sort /kind ofa What about you, Holly? very /not very A: Iwas very academic and | enjoyed school. | didn’t usually get into trouble, so the teachers liked me. Well, except the PE. teacher. | wasn’t very athletic! A fi)o7 Lancuace IN CONTEXT Listen to the conversation below. Is Kevin the same now as he was in high school? James: Is this your high school yearbook? Kevin, Yeah. This picture's from my senior year. That's you? No way! You used to have really long hair! Now your hair is eally short Kevin Yeah, lused to be into the whole rebel thing. You know, long halt, grungy clothes. | used to play in a band, so | wanted to look coal But those were the old days. | don’t do that stuff anymore. James: Did your band use to play at parties? evi, Yeah, parties, and sometimes school events, James: That's awesomel evi: Well, we weren't very good. | mean, we didn't give concerts | Se fae) hares ioe ene eT in IT, 'm totally boring! James: | didn’t use to do any of the things you did. Well, still don't. lim boring new, and was boring setteces™ Powe ie sentences. Do we use used to then! to refer to the present or the past?B ANALYZE Read the conversation in Exercise A again. Form Circle the correct options. Then complete the table with examples from Exercise A. 1 The verb after used to 2 In affirmative statements, 3 In questions and negative isin the we use statements, we use i 9) base form, 5) used to. ») used'to, | ») ing form. by) use to, b) use to, Affirmative Negative ‘Questions Short answers You) 18) © your Yes, it cid. / | bend No, it didn. really any of the long hai things you dil at panies? Function Choose the correct option to complete the rule. We use used to to talk about WATCH OUT! ®) things that were true in the past and are still true in the present. ) things that were true in the past, but are not true in the present. of Sica ee X | didn't used to run You can use never and always with used to Did you use to play ina band? My brother always used to get up really early X Did you used to play in a band? never used to get up before 11 a.m, on weekends. © PRACTICE Complete the conversation with the correct form of used to. ‘; Doyou think you've changed a lot in the last five or ten years? B: Yeah, alot. I didn’t 1) work full-time, so | had a lot more time to go out. As Yeah, me too. Also, | (2 date a lot of girls, but now | have a girlfriend, 8: Well, that’s cool 4 Yeah, we'll probably get married. Anyway, | remember | never (3) get home before 4 a.m. on weekends, | was definitely a party animal 8: Yeah, | always ) stay out late, too. Where did you (5) go? A: Tolive music clubs, mostly. |) {go out to hear musica lot. They always had great bands. We 7) dance all night! 8 liked going out to hear live music, too, but | didn't like dancing, | actually dance more now because my wife loves dancing D [J Now you po Ir Work in pairs. Talk about how you used to be and things you used to do when you were younger. Use the conversation in Exercise C and the ideas below to help you. + appearance + personality + routines «leisure activtigg Contrastive stress J08 Listen to these sentences. Underline the words the speaker stresses in the answers. 1 A: Didyour brother use tohave longhair? 2 &:_Did your brother use to have long hair? 8: No, my sister used to have long hai 8: No, my brother used to have short hair B Look at these questions and answers. Underline the words in the answers that you think will be stressed. 1 A: Did you use to have a blue car? 3 &: Did your brother use to play soccer? 8: No, we used to have a red car &: No, | used to play soccer 2 A: Did you use to ike dogs? 4’ Doyou live in an apartment? 8: No, we used to like cats 8: No, we used to live in an apartment © [Boo f Listen to the sentences and check. Practice saying the questions and answers in pairs. Then and nowERO OU © When you listen to someone, pay attention fo their tone of voice. cillbele gat ontenrtctd teeenchanecnciennice A. [B10 Listen to the speakers. Match each speaker to these emotions. A excited ¢ sad © uncertain 8 angry > bored =F nervous 1 Speaker [J Speaker2 [1] Speaker 3 DB Speaker4 ] Speaker5 [5] Speakeré 8 [AF Listen to four conversations. Choose the correct option. 1 The man feels sad / ne! 2 The woman feels an 3 The woman feels bo 4 The woman feels Read the webpage. Choose the sense that is NOT mentioned. %) smell 9 taste a) touch «)_ hearing WHAT MEMORIES DO YOU ASSOCIATE 3) WITH SPECIFIC THINGS? | don't have @ very good memory, buts funny how certain sighs, ‘smells, tastes, or even sounds can bring back vivid memories of your ‘ildhood, For example, the smell and the taste of fresh chocolate chip ‘cookies always remind me of my mom because she used to make them ‘lot when | wes litle. And hearing the song Call Me Mlaybe makes me ‘think of school and te fiends had there. We had all memorized that ‘sng, and we used to sing itto remind each other to call And let's see when | see a beagle puppy, I think back to when | got my fst doa, ‘She was a beagle named Lucky. can clearly remember the day | got her. was realy excited, was my eight birthday. She was $0 cute! Match 1-8 and a-h to complete the sentences. I memorized think of my grandma. It reminds me memory, Please remind me to when we met It brings back remember when | started school. I think back poems and multiplication tables at school. That makes me to call them. I can clearly/definitely/vaquely vivid memories. have an excellent/a good/a really bad of the time when we went skiing,© [i complete the sentences with your own ideas. Then work in pairs and compare your sentences. 1 The smell of reminds me of 2 Thesong brings back memories of 3. The taste of. makes me think of 4 When | see I think back to when () Ce ae ‘A. Read these statements about the 5 Now read the text carefully and answer sense of smell and choose T (true) or the questions below. F (false). Then scan the article quickly 1 Whats one important characteristic of smell to check your answers. memories? +. Smells can cause us to remember things 2 Why do humans have a weaker sense of smell than animals? very cleatly 2 Humans have about 220 million 3 Why do smells cause strong emotional responses? smell receptors, T/F 4 Why do smells often help us remember things 3 Smells do not help us remember things from a very early age? from our early childhood, T/F 5 What medical implications does research in smell 4 Smells can help some people remember and memory have? things from their past. TIE Almost everyone has experienced vivid memories associated with smels, Smell memories are so strong thet they can transport us immeelately tothe past. You smell certain perfume or cologne and you are with an old love again Yousmell popcorn, and you ate child at afaic We often forget an experience until we smell something associated with itsthen we can ea suddenly see ad hear the whole experience and fel the emotions that we fet I's as if wear having the expetience again The sens of sels very important for animals because it helps them find food, recognize danger, and recognize ether members ofthe same species. However, when humans developed higher cognitive abilities, suchas language, the sense of smell became less important fr survival. This is why humans only have about 20 milion smell receptors, while a bloodhound has 220 milion. So why are our smell memories so trong? The answerisin our physiology. The reason that we usually have trong emational esponses to smell memories is thatthe ofactory cortex, winere our sense of smells located, is close othe amygdala, which isthe center of ‘emotions and memories. Researchers have done experiments to compate smell stimuli with other simul as ‘memory cues With sual cues and word cues, people tended ro remember things that happened aftr the age of tn, With smell cues they remembered more things from eary childhood. This makes sense because the sense of smell develops in babies before the senses of vision and later, words These findings have postive implications for helping people who suffer rom dementia they cant remember things from ther past, the memories can often be stimulated with smells, Researchers have found that when people with memory loss smell something associated with thelr yout, they ae often abe to describe memory in great detail © [iM work in groups. Talk about your own “smell memories.” me UNIT2 23PCa A (B12 Lanauace IN CONTEXT Listen to the conversation below. What made Lauren remember something from her childhood? Lauren: It's so great to be at the beach! The smell of the acean brings back memories of one of the best times of my life. Denise: Really? When was that? Lauren: The summer when | was eight years old. We went to vistt my grandparents for two weeks. They had just bought a little house by the beach, and we swam and played in the sand every day. That sounds really nice, ‘Yeah, even the drive to get there from lowa was fun. My mom had just bought @ new car. When we started the trip, we hadn't been in the new car yet, so we were really excited Daniele: Had you and your brother been to the beach before? Lauren:~ No, we hadn't, s0 you can imagine how exciting it was! We had never tasted salt water or seen waves. | can clearly remember my little brother's face when he accidentally swallowed some water. He was so surprised! NOTICE! : J at the sentences in bold Form Choose the correct option to complete the rule. eee Then, complete the table with examples from Exercise A. cof the two actions happened + We form the past perfect with first? )have/has + the past participle of the verb. had + the past participle of the verb. B ANALYZE Look at the conversation in Exercise A. Affirmative Negative Questions Short answors They We o you Yes,wehad./ inthe and yourbrother = No, we alittle newcaryet. tothe | 24 race aloes beach before? Function Choose the correct option to complete the rule. | WATCH OUT! We use'the past perfect to talk about ‘1 They had already left when we arrived a) something that happened before a specific time in the past, X They already left when we had arrived. ) something that happened a very lang time ago. RU Te Gaines Soa © PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the ae as correct simple past or past perfect form of the Soiienets one verbs in parentheses. + When we {arrive}, our parents — already (eat) 2 already {have} twa jobs by the time |___ (be) 18. st just (finish) my work when you (call. 4 By the age of five, my brother already _ (learn) how to use a computer, 5 We {not finish) our exam yet when the bell (ring) i) {go} to New York last summer. |___ never (be) there before. 7 Why we {not see) this movie befor last night? 8 you already (meet) Deanna when you (star) college? p [Now You Do IT Work in groups. Complete the sentences about your experiences. Then tell your group. + By the time I was..., |had already 3 When... |hadh’t.. yet 2 When |... for the first time, | had never 4 When .., | had just.a 413 Listen to the conversation. Then choose T (true) or F (false), Michael is telling Tom about a recent event in his life. 7 Both men like the car they are looking at. / Michael used to have a Thunderbird, t Michaels grandfather had had several sports cars before he got the Thunderbird. Michael hadn't ridden in a convertible before. Think of a memory of a childhood event or experience to share, Use these questions as a guide to help you plan what to say. What was the event or experience, and what reminds you of it? What was the background? (something you used to dofhad never done/had always wanted, etc) ‘When did it happen? What happened? ‘Work in pairs. Tell your partner about your memory. When you listen to your partner’s story, ask questions to find out more. F fecralip ak oialy fav hres an does topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence. The topic sentence gives the main idea of the paragraph. This is ofien, but not always, the first sentence. Then there are usually several sentences that explain the main idea or give examples. Finally, the Se ose erence ea nati. eerste eee Read the paragraph and underline the topic sentence and One af my frvrite memaries fam. the concluding sentence. abe cor teonage years is my fiest concert It was nn 2008, ard I war 15.1 really loved You are going to write a paragraph about a favorite rie, bub I had never been 2 a concert memory. First, take some notes to help you organize your defer. There was a bared called Fal Out paragraph. Boy, and it was my favorite band at that time, The band was touring the US. that year, and ane of the verses was New York My brotver was going to the concert with some. fiends, ane I convinced my parents 14 let me go with thems, The concert wae Choose a topic. Write a topic sentence in your notebook. Under the topic sentence, write four or five details that you want to include in your paragraph. You do net have to write complete sentences. Write a concluding sentence. Remember that this sentence summarizes the main idea or restates your topic sentence in a different way. amazing! Maybe it beeauce it was my , a ‘ first concer, but Ihave more memories Write your paragraph. Make sure the supporting details tha) CULAR Slate tay oA oar are in a logical order. Use linking words and time expressions. cancers I caw in thave years i Z swap paragraphs with a partner. Read your partner’s paragraph and answer these questions. Does the topic sentence clearly state the main idea of the paragraph? | Linking words: and but, aso, so, Do all of the other sentences explain the main idea and give examples? because Are the supporting details in a logical order? Time expressions: a that me, Does the concluding sentence summarize ar restate the main idee in the that yean my fist... n those years topic sentence? Adverbs: already, just, never, yet, beforePREPARING AND GIVING A SHORT PRESENTATION * Choose a topic for a presentation and brainstorm ideas about it. * Decide which ideas you want to include and organize them. ® Practice your presentation and make any necessary changes. ‘A You are going to prepare a three-minute presentation. First, choose a topic. You can choose from the table below, or think of your own topic. Brainstorm and write your ideas on the word web. Society The world Education How technology has changed society Changes in male and female Ihave changed since | {graduated from college ;chnology has changed roles change in my country jon How entertainment has + An event th Education now and in my changed in my lifetime international importance parents’ generationB Decide which ideas from your word web you want to talk about in your presentation. Write notes about them on a piece of paper or on small cards in the order you want to talk about them. Add details, if necessary, but you don’t have to use complete sentences. ‘pic: Haw technology has changed education The past: boring - teacher, book and blackboard only Now: more interesting because of variety in the dlassraem: DVDs, presentations with video or slide shows, the internet Reculé: better learning ~ more interesting, more access to information © Practice your presentation on your own. Follow the steps below. + Practice the whole presentation and time yourself. You have three minutes! + Ifyour presentation is too long, cut some information and time yourself again. + Practice one part of your presentation at a time to help you learn it. Remember, you want to sound as natural as possible, Jremember when education was very different from how itis now. Teachers and students didn’t use to have all the resources they have now, so learning was more boring. | mean, good teachers made it interesting, but they only had books and the blackboard, and maybe a CD player. Education has really changed since then. Now, D [work in pairs, Student A and Student B. Student A: Give your presentation: Student B: Listen carefully and complete the evaluation form. Then swap roles. Prosentation evalu: ie ee nee a veri | pee Was the talk interesting? ‘Yes/No eee Did the speaker speak slowly and clearly? Yes/No per oe Ve ences Did everything in the talk relate to the topic? Yes/No aithink vou needa Should the speaker add more information? Yes/No telicie understand tie part about Does he sproerneedtocutenyinformaton? Yes/No, Msbeyeu shoul ve more I think you should cut the part about © [Look at each other's evaluation forms. Then help your partner revise his/her presentation notes. F [i Give your revised presentation to the class. 2) REFLECT pay tos coniestl of giving presentations be useful to you in Work and Career and Self ‘and Society? Then and now‘A. Complete the definitions with the personality types in the box. (8 points) ‘academic athletic geeky joker party animal popular rebel troublemaker 1A person is liked by a lot of people. 2A does bad things and causes problems. 3 A constantly questions authority aa tells jokes and does silly things. 5 A person is fascinated with technology. 6 An. person gets good grades and likes learning 7 An person enjoys sport and spends a lot of time exercising. aA loves socializing and going out at night. Complete the sentences with the correct form of a verb connected with memory. (7 points) + Whenever smell roses, it me think of my mom. 2. Icanclearly the first time | went on a plane. 2 If smell freshly cut grass, | of my dad. 4 The taste of popcom me of the circus. 5s The smell of pine trees wonderful memories of my grandma's house. 6 Doyou try to a story before you tell it? 7 Please me to give you back your jacket. [fegildesefibe People’ parsanality types and use phrases to talk about memories. ‘Look again at the vocabulary sections on pages 20 and 22. SCORE: ns ‘Complete the conversation with the correct form of used to or the simple past or past perfect form of the verbs in parentheses. (15 points) Jenny: Did you (1 have a pet when you were a child, Sofia? sofia: No. | got my frst pet when | @) (be) teenager. 118) (want) one for years, and my dream finally 4) (come) true on my 14° birthday when my parents (5) (Give) me a kitten Jenny: (6) your parents {have} pets before? sofia: No, they 7 Well, | think my dad ie) have a fish ‘or something, but nothing like @ dog or a cat, and my mom didn't even o like animals Jenny: Wows (10) (grow) up with a lot of animals. My parents (17) {have) pets all their lives. | remember that when I (2), (be) very small, our two cats (13) sleep downstairs in a basket in the kitchen. My parents (14) just (get) a puppy when | was born, and that dog (1s) (become) my bestfriend! giUSBIYS20) tthe simple past, and the past perfect to talk about the past. flat he gremmarsections on pages 20 end 24 score: 5UNT3 IN THIS UNIT YOU language to talk about A Look at these pictures of two famous cities. Do the pictures give you positive or negative impressions of these two places? Why? sing, roducts, and reed an article about the "Bp teens spend on proms {rite about shopping online in teal stores isten to complaints about product: lems with watch a video about advertising B Ei Think about your own town or city. Are there a lot of ads, or very few? How do you feel about the amount of advertising around you? Discuss your ideas. Learn techniques for persuading ,4 [nes Ee WORK & CAREER Buying power© CTO CRNA le A LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT Read this article. How does Joel Moss Levinson make money? isa highly successful creator and producer of advertisements. He stars in the ads himself, and they are filmed on a small video ‘camera, Apart from the cost of the camera, he has spent almost no money on them. ‘So how does Joe! make money from the ads? Creativity and innovation are the Keys. ‘The advertising industry today realizes that it needs to use new media, such as online videos, to advertise, The videos have to be funny and appeal to young people, so many ‘companies run competitions to get them. The competitions are for homemade videos ‘that they oan use as ads. That's where Joel Moss Levinson comes in: his crazy sense ‘of humor is perfect for the internet. He's wan over $200,000 in money and other prizes, including tips abroad. Joel lives in the U.S.A., but because his ads are online, people inthe UK,, Canada, and many other countries watch them, so the companies can advertise their products all over the world. NOTICE! Find three countries B ANALYZE Read the article in Exercise A again. mentioned in the text Which countries take Function Complete the table with examples from Exercise A. the before their name? We use the definite article the Examples when something has been mentioned before, the advertisements, 1) a (a) when there is only one of something or the reference the universe, the car industry, the BBC () is toa whole group. @ ” ‘with some country names that have plural nouns or the Netherlands, (8) 9) the words States, Kingclom, or Republic in the name, with geographical features. the Atlantic Ocean, the Amazon, the Greek Islands when the noun answers the question which? or what? the cost of the camera (The cost of what?) (10) We use no article « Examples wrth plural countable nouns when talking about them generally, advertisements, (11) 3) (14) with uncountable nouns when talking about them generally. money, (15) with names of people, months, cities, most countries, Joel Moss Levinson, (1) products, etc © PRACTICE Complete the ad with the or put X for no article. WATCH OUT! 7 She makes videos. We believe that) young people have (2) types of ideas The videos are amazing ete looking for and were having a competition fora new ad for‘) X She makes videos Jupiter Chocolate! (3) ad willrun on (5) internet, and Videos are amazing, 6 people all over (7) ‘world will see it. We have lots 7 \ think ads in the U.S. are of @) prizes to give away. (9) top prize is 2 cruise on eras recess ea (9) Nile River! So send your videos to (11) email X | think asin the US. are ages einer eaten sate beter then ain the p — Now you Do It Work in pairs. Talk about what would make a good HOW TO SAY IT. ad for the competition in Exercise C. ‘Young people lke ads that are .., so the ad should have The ad willbe on the internet, soit should lke the idea of using children /a handheld camera / music The children / the camera / the music coulda eS MUA TAN Cote Od | Ina text with more than one paragraph, there is a main idea for the whole text. Each paragraph relates to the main idea of the whole text, but also has its own main ideo and supporting details. A Read this article. Then choose the title, 1 or 2 below, that best expresses the main idea of the whole article. 1 Boys Are Now Spending Almost as Much as Girls on Their Prom Outfits 2 Prom Night is More Important for Boys than for Girls, ]1. Gelebrity-style prom nights are sending sales of tuxerlos rocketing as boys get a glam makeover to keep up with the girls. Image-conscious teenage bays are ditching sneakers and ‘shirts fora slick, groomed Jook, spending 24% more on their outfit than a year ago, And they are leaning up monobrows and facil hair as they head to beauty salons for head-to-toe treatments from eyebrow threading and face masks to spray tans: (2. According to a study by the department jebenhams, the influence of tap U.S. TV shows like Beverly Hills 90210 and fashion icons including David Beckham and screen hero James Bond are artening up male high-school graduates with sales of tuxedos rocketing 60% and formal shirts, shoes, and bow tles soaring by 20% Boys are swagging themselves out with cufflinks, curnmerbunds, and sill handkerchiefs, spending an average $600 on the school prom, compared with girls who blow $725, Cost of prom night Debenhams spokesman Ed Watson said: “The amount a guy will hey spend on geting prowtesty a now close to alin aL Pom rover has ht and guys ae going al ot fo look tel bes, and doce atop atthe eu. Budding prom kings wart to actiove a polsted groomed ook and are ooking io eelebrtie such as David Bokham and Danll Crag fr thelr inspaton [16 The big party wo mark the end of the school year for high-school Jjuniors and seniors has snowballed in recent years, taking aver from the traditional school dance in the gym to themed events in posh locations. Teenawers have made High School Musical-style prom nights big business as they follow the American trend for stretch limos, designer frocks, suits, and expensive accessories, [1S And they fave given rise to the "Promuzlla” - prom-obsessed teenage girls who book their outfits up ta a year in advance and plan the hight with the precision of a would-be bride, Mr. Watson said: “The ladies seem to be better prepared — we have seen an increase i ceasionwear sales sinee January, wherens guys have been rushing in last minute to get ready fr the big nish.” artery B Read the text again. Match each paragraph 1-5 D [Work in pairs. Answer to the sentence ae which best expresses the main _these questions about the article. idea of the paragraph. What specific things do boys now do 2) Proms have become big events in recent years. to look their best for prom night? aa snencee oneal tena acne erent 2 What is causing boys to change the © Boys are dressing up for prom night more than they used to. way they dress for their proms? 4) Girls start getting ready for their prom earlier than boys do, 3_-How have proms changed in recent ©) A study shows that boys are spending @ lot of money to years? look like celebrities. 4 Whatis a “Promzilla"? | : ‘ Look at the list of prom-night costs. | © Look at each paragraph in Exercise A again. ‘Which things are similar for boys and Underline key words and phrases that helped you gitls? Do any of the things on the list identify the main idea of the paragraph. surprise you? Buying power CTEM TTem Toes A. [B44 LaNGuace IN CONTEXT Listen to the conversation below. What is the customer asking the salesperson about? Good morning. How can | help you? Hi, 'm looking for @ CD by Paul Oaks. | think its called Forward. Do you know if you have it in stock? Hmm, I'm afraid we're sold out. | could order it for you. Customer: Oh thanks, that's a good idea. Do you know how long it takes to get here? Salespers Custom Salesperson: It takes about four days. Customer: Oh, that's too long. | wonder if it's easier to get it online / Salesperson: Well, you could download it fram our website. Customer: Ah, | see. Do you have any idea how much that costs? Salesperson: Yes, it's cheaper ~ only $9.99. So, could you tell me if you still need me to order the CD? Ccurtome: {think I'l just download it. Thanks for your help. Can you tell me what the website is? Salesperson: IS yourmegamusic.com. Customer, Thanks! NOTICE! Salesperson: You're welcome! eeketie Underred ai is i phrase in the conversation B ANALYZE Read the conversation in Exercise A again. pisses conte on i i question. Find and underiine Form Complete the table with examples from Exercise A. ee ee earet Direct question Indiract question Use normal question order. _Use affirmative word order. introduce indirect questions. Information How long does it take to get Do you know how long (1) question here? 2 How much does that cost? Do you have any idea (2) What's the website? Can you tell me (3) Yes/No Do you have it in stock? Do you's) i hhave it in stock? questions js jteasierto getitonline? 106) its easier to gett online. Do you stillneed me to © me ifyou stil need me order the CD? to order the CD? | Function Choose the correct option to complete the statement. Using indirect questions is more / less polite WATCH OUT! 7 Could you tell me what tine © PRACTICE Write indirect questions starting with the pea phrases given. X Could you tell me what time | + Do youhave this in @ bigger size? 5 What's her email address? doss the store lose? Do you know if you have this Do you know 2 X |wwonder where did he buy in a bigger size? What was the total cost? tis tablet. 2 Do you accept credit cards? Could you tell me 2 wonder where he bought ‘Could you tell me 2? 7 Why did Mia get a new phone? his tablet. 2 Dolneed a new jacket? wonder 7 Do you know itis I wonder 8 Whois the manager? expensive? 4 How much is this? Can youtell me? | Beyallknowasie Can you tell me 2 expensive p [J now You Do IT Work in pairs. Think of five questions you want to ask your partner, and make a note of them. Ask and answer each other's questions politely. ‘A: Could you tell me what the last CD you bought was? o & Sure, The last CD | bought wasPO USAT ICO Match sentences 1-6 with pictures A-F. It doesn't fit. It's too big. 1 It doesn’t work. It doesn’t turn on. 1 They're broken. | hope | can fix them. Its the wrong color. | wanted a lighter blue, 1 Its the wrong one. The holes don’t match 6 There's something missing. I can’t complete it 8 [9 work in pairs. Read what these customers say. Use phrases from Exercise A to describe the problem. UE 2 | wanted pink coll phone, but they sent me a blue one. 3 There should be a DVD of extras, too. bbut there's only one disc in the case. 46 Iwas trying to puta new game into the console ROU a Cece When part of the CS costs plastic fell off 6 Illtake it back to the store and see if they have an extra large ‘Work in groups. Talk about problems you have had with products. A: | bought paint to paint my bedroom, but it was the wrong color. | wanted pale yellow, but it was really bright when I put it on the wall, and | didn't like it 8: What did you do? A: {took it back to the paint store and they re-mixed it for me. Now it's perfect. i) CT ae A. Read this paragraph from an article. What four advantages of shopping online does it mention? What disadvantage does it mention? Whether it's CDs, DVDs, books, clothes, or even food, many people these days do their shopping online, And why not? Shopping online is great! The main advantage is that it's so convenient. You can shop whenever you want and not only when the stores are open, Another advantage is that you don’t have ‘to waitin a long line to pay for things. Also, its much easier to shop around for the lowest prices. Finally, you don't have to carry all your purchases home because everything is delivered straight to your door. However, some people feel nervous about using their credit cards online, It's true that notall websites ut you just need to be careful. Allin al! ove shopping online, and {sometimes wonder why neople don’t buy everything online! Sequencing words and phrases The main advantage/teason/ thing is that Another advantage/reason/thing is thar First, .. Second. Third, Also, .. Finally, Introducing a contrasting opinion/disadvantage However. ux but ‘Summarizing an opinion Allin all, .. In general, 15 Listen to this ad. Make notes on the three advantages of shopping in a traditional store that it mentions. Why doesn’t it mention a disadvantage? © Write a paragraph about the advantages of shopping in a traditional store. Use ideas from Exercise B, and your own ideas. Present three or four advantages, and one disadvantage. Buying power CSTRA. [BiG Listen to these pairs of words. Notice that the sound /1/ in the first word is shorter than the sound /i/ in the second word. Now listen again and repeat. I 1 fil eal 2 it est 5 sip seep 2. grin green 4 sit seat & still steal B EM work in pairs. Practice saying the words in Exercise A. Listen again and check. 47 HG work in pairs. Practice saying these sentences. Pay special attention to the /1/ and /i/ sounds. Listen and check. + Please drink this green tea. 2‘ feel like sitting on this seat. 3. The thin sheep will eat the big cheese. 7 solutions to problems with products A Match the problems 1-6 with the solutions a-f. It doesn’t fit. Can | order the missing piece? 2 Itdoesn't work. by Can you replace it, please? 2 Its the wrong color Could | exchange it for the right one? 4 There's something missing. 4) I'd like to exchange it for a dark green one. 5 Itsbroken «) Can I getit repaired, or exchange it for a new one? 6 Its the wrong one. 4 Can lexchange it for a smaller size, please? B Complete each conversation with an appropriate phrase from Exercise A. Customer: Someone gave me this Tshirt as a gift, Customer: | but it's too small for me. Salesperson: We'll be very happy to bought this DVD for my brother's birthday, but when | got home, | realized that he'd asked fora different one, | 2 Selesperson: Don't worry. We can just ‘Customer, When | opened the box for my new 5 phone, | realized that the charger customer: The keyboard on this laptop seems to be broken. Could you tell me if you can 2 wasn’t there, Salesperson: I'm sorry to hear that. Of course we'll immediately. Selesperson: I'm nat sure, but leave it with me and we'll try lordered a tablet anline. I chose white, but the one | got was black Customer: Salesperson: Just mail us the one you have, and we'll be happy to I bought this DVD player here yesterday, but it won't turn on. Oh, Im sony. Let me for you Salespersonpolitely insisting A [16 Listen to the conversation below. What solutions does the salesperson propose? Customer; Hi | bought a tablet computer here recently, and I'm not happy with it Id lke to get a refund Salesperton: Oh, I'm sorry about that. What's the problem? Cestomer: I don’t like it. The download speed is really slow, and the camera isn't good Salesperson: OK. Do you have the receipt? Customer No. Ist it. Salesperson: I'm sorry, ma’am, but I'm afraid we don't usually give refunds without a receipt. Customer: | definitely bought it here. Salesperson: _ Yes, ma'am, but the problem is that we need the receipt. customer: "understand that, but maybe you can check your records. | paid by credit card, My last name is Jackson. Sslesperon: OK, let me check. Yes, here itis. You bought the Lasertab, Well, we could exchange it for another model. You'd just have to pay the difference in cost. Customer: I'm sorry to insist, but | really don’t want to exchange it.I want a refund. Saltsperion: The other thing we could do is install a memory upgrade. That's $60. Customer: No, thanks. | would really prefer a refund. Salesperson: OK, ma'am. Just a minute. Ill need to get the manager. 8 Look at the conversation in Exercise A again. What phrases does the customer use to politely insist? Underline them. ¢ Fi work in pairs. Role-play a situation like the one in Exercise A. When you finish, swap roles. + Student A, you are the customer. You bought something (decide what), but there is a problem (decide what). Explain the problem and say you want a refund, You have lost the receipt. Insist politely! + Student B, you are the salesperson, Ask for the receipt. Explain that you can't give the customer their money without a receipt. Propose some solutions, a. complaint A [Have you ever had a problem with an electronic product? If so, what? ‘What other possible problems with these products can you think of? REPRESEIATVE MIME, Justin PRODUCT cell phone ENERAL PROBL, ‘DEIALS OF PROBLEM ORAL EALUATION OF REPRESENTA Excollent Satisfactory Puta ¥ for Yes.or an X for No. The representative ‘answered the call quickly was polite knew how to solve the problom Buying powerPERSUADING OTHERS * Consider your audience (age, preferences, habits, etc). * Think of arguments and then adjust them to your audience and the context (business, social, etc.). ‘ Present your ideas. Be prepared to respond to objections! A. You are going to design a new credit card to be marketed to young adults. First, read these ads for different credit cards. What are the key features of each card? Which card do you think will be your main competitor? Why? The new credit card from Multisank helps Your Gold Plus card is your ticket to freedom. you protect the environment as you spend! thas a low interest rate (14%) and is ‘accepted everywhere you see the Gold sign. That inclucies thousands of fravel agents ‘across the country - and when you buy fickets for any bus, train, or plane, we'll give: you a massive 10% discount! So what are You waiting for? Hit the road with Gold Plus! Every time you use il, we give 2% to EnyiroAid, a charity organization that invests in projects around the world. Not only that but every Eco-Card holder is ‘entered into a monthly draw fo win an ‘eco-vacation to one of EnviroAid’s projects ‘round the world! pers ane ] errs) Hit gub) Slee B [J work in pairs. You are going to design your credit card and then persuade your classmates to apply for it. To get started, answer these questions about your target audience. 4 What things do they buy? Brainstorm a list. 2 What things do they like and dislike? Brainstorm a list. 3 What issues are important to them? Brainstorm a ist. Which of the things on your lists do you think are most important to your audience? Put a star (*) next to them.© [with the same partner, complete the new product profile below for your credit card, Use the information about your audience from Exercise B to help you decide on the key features. Make your ideas interesting, but realistic. Think of possible objections so that you can be ready to respond to them! NEW PRODUCT PROFILE Name of card Key features: Possible objections: ‘Types of people who will use the card Now create an ad for your credit card to appear in a magazine. Describe the image that will appear in your ad and write a short text like the ads in Exercise A. Remember who your audience is. £ [J with your partner, present your ideas to the class. Follow the instructions below. Remember: Your aim is to persuade as many people in the class as you can to sign up for your credit card! + Describe the image and read the text from your ad. Remember that your body language and tone of voice are very important. Explain your ideas clearly, using what you know about your audience's needs and interests. Answer any questions. Respond to any objections and try to persuade your classmates by explaining your ideas further and appealing to their emotions, While you are listening to presentations: Listen carefully to the description of each creditcard, Make notes of the things you like and don't like about each card t SA ‘Ask questions and raise any objections you have. After you have listened to all of the descriptions, decide whether you will apply for one of the credit cards, and ifso, which one. Raising objections Yes, but you have to remember that That’ a good point, but Making suggestions F jake a class vote. Which credit card is the You're intarested in. 50 think you should most popular? Wouldn't you like to ...? REFLECT... How can the skill cof persuading obhers be useful to you in Study and Learning and ‘Self and Society? Buying powerComplete the sentences with the words from the box. (15 points) alargersize broken exchange fit fixit getitrepaired match missing order replace thewrong color the wrong ene too small tumon work 1. | bought these jeans, but when | got home | realized they were wanted dark blue, not black. Can | them for the blue ones? 2 Ifyour new MP3 player doesn’t , take it back to the store. It has 2 guarantee, so they'll have to it with another one. 3 Mymom got me a great new shirt. Its a small, and I'm a medium. It doesn’t Im going to try and exchange it for 4 Liz sent me a porcelain vase for my birthday, but when | opened the package, the vase wes ! Unfortunately, | don’t think | can 5 When | opened the box, | realized the instructions were Can | some new ones? 6 bought The holes don't ‘the ones on my laptop. ‘These shoes are My feet hurt! 8 My computer stopped working, It doesn't I'm going to atthe store if can UAB EPBBIERRS th predicts and solutions to those problems, again at the vocsbulary sections on pages 33 and 34. SCORE: ns A. Complete these sentences with the or X (no article). (9 points) + think that sports companies should advertise on internet 2 Doyyou like ads for cars that are on TV now? 2 Iprefer ad from Japan. 4 Ithink USS. has very interesting ads. 5 Almost all people who saw ads in the competition liked them, & People all over world see the same ads for certain products. 8 Complete each question so that it means the same as the first one. (6 points) + How much is this? Can you tell me 2 2 Does the price include delivery? Do you know a 2 Do ads affect how you shop? I wonder 4 Which ads do you find interesting? Could you tell me 2 5 How do ads persuade people? Do you know 2 6 Isthisad right for our audience? (wonder EGHicg eeivatly and | can use indirect questions 1a the grammar sections on pages 20 and 22 score 15UNIT4 IN THIS UNIT YOU learn language to talk abo. A Look at the list of businesses. Check the ones that EU a ne ee would be interesting to you and that you think you have the right skills for. write @ paragraph explainin Bpcint of view read an online guide to setting up a business listen 20 customers’ emotions and attitude: talk about an unusual service watch a video about setting up 2 business Ten businesses that you can start for less than eCommerce Weulding planning Childcare and babysiting Tutoring Etiting and proofreading Amarkt stall Sports coaching y 4 Handyman services " os ey v Cleaning services See IT support and repairs B [§¥ Work in groups. Talk about what types of businesses you would be interested in starting up and zz | why. You can talk about the businesses on this page and any other business ideas that you have { | think { would be a good handyman. | do al he repairs around | ouse. | ly? | would hire you. I don’t know how to do anything like fe gone promtreacton ieeees eee ee Bla Learn strategies for converting SKILLS problems into opportunities WORK & CAREER ee edRead the paragraph and answer the questions. 1 Does the writer argue for or against a lot of planning? 2 Which is the topic sentence? Which is the concluding sentence? st oe 3 Are the points organized from the most to the least important, EP h an ot from the least to the most important? ee 3 | 4 How many main points does the writer include? 2 = What additional information does the writer include to support = or explain each point? Many people lke to plan every detail oftheirlives, but ambitious lists. When they can't do everything on their in fact, £00 much planning is ust as bad as too litle list, they fee! Fustrated. Finally, in my opinion, the biggest planning, First, planners are often inflexible. They get __problem with planing too much is that people get stuck ervous or angry iFthey have to do something that isn't in the planning stage. They think they have to resolve jn ther plan, Another problem is that they spend tos _every detail before they start something, so they never much time making list of things to do, They don’t start. Of course, its good to plan, but don’t spend all have any time left to do the things an theirlist! Another your time planning instead of doing things! problem is that many people make very long and | Work in pairs. You are going to write a paragraph arguing the opposite point of view. First, take notes to help you decide what to say. Topic sentence: Point 1: Additional information: Point 2 (etc): Additional information: Concluding sentence: ¢ [with your partner, decide whether you want to list your points in order of the most to the least important, or vice versa. Then write your paragraph. Work with another pair. Is the argument clear? Are the points organized clearly? Is there additional information to support each point? ‘A. Complete the phrases with the correct verb, a or b. 1 a business plan C) 5 a logo and promotional material LI | ®) create advertise =) launch —b)design 2 a website 6 a business 1 ®) research 6) setup 1») design) launch 2 tha target marketandtha competion] 7 ene eel 2) register) research » plan 6) advertise 4 a product or service online, inprint 8 a business with the proper publiaations, with signs, or on radio or TV aahennesE] =) pln) _ advertise 2) setup &) register 8 [work in pairs. Number the phrases in Exercise A in the order you think you would | do them when starting a business. | ¢ [work in pairs and discuss these questions. | 4 What do you have to do to set up your own business? 2 What do you think is the best way to advertise a new product or service?CT ae A LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT Read the website information. Would you use this service? Why or why not? GET IT DONE! Too busy to got your hair cut? To take the dog to the vet? To shop for your mom's birthday resent? Too busy evento look fr people todo these things for you? Get us to doit! ® Got your haircut in your own home wien i's convenient for you 1 Have dinner cooked and served in your own home. Have us cook you a fabulous dinner wile you spend tine with you fay. ® Have your home computer system checked by an IT professional '= Need io wash the dog? Get our pafessionals todo tat your home, These ao just a ew ofthe many services we oe! Glick on Services by area and enter your 2ip code to find a complete ist of services Available in your area. What are you waiting for? Get it done! 'SERVIGES BY AREA J PLACE AN ORDER, Underline the phrases with have and get Which phrases use the past particiale? Which phrase uses the base form of the Fi , verb? Which uses the tounfnitive? B ANALYZE Read the text in Exercise A again. = m Complete the table with examples from Exercise A. getshave + direct object + past have + indirect object + base form | get + indirect object + infinitive form Participle 5) Get your hair cut Function Choose the correct option to complete the rules. + Te have/get something done means that 7 Vm having my bieycle fixed, ‘you do something you need to do. X im having fied my bicycle ») another person does something for you Mingeihgay new beaa 2 Have someone do something and get someone to do something mean... | Im gesting my haircut the same thing: 1o ask/hire someone to do something for you. 8) different things. © PRACTICE Complete the questions with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Where can | get my car 2 (fin) 6 Where can get someone Where can | have my hair 2 (cut) a stereo in my car? (instal) Who can I get my phone line? (repair Is thete a quiet place where | can get my Who can | call to have my house 2 (pain) homework 2 (do) want to have someone my car seats. Is there an online service where | can have (clear) someone a website for me? (create) Work in groups. Ask and answer the questions from Exercise C. 4: Where can | get my car fixed? 8 There's a good auto service center on Taking care of businessCO LN MO SU RU Css 0 Listen to the phrases in the table. For each group, check the word that is stressed. Compound nouns Compound adjectives + noun £]+ noun ©] + adjective [1] + noun] + advero [] + past participle 1] You have to make a business plan. These chairs are very high quality. ‘We need a marketing strategy. This jacket isn’t very well made. ‘Our office has a good cleaning service. Their salespeople are very well informed, My sister is a wedding planner. Cars are very poorly made these days. 6 [21 Read these sentences and underline the word in bold that is stressed, Listen and check. 1 I've never played this computer game before. Is it good? 2 This change was very last minute. Apologies for any inconvenience. 3 Your business idea is really high risk. 4 |had my phone line repaired yesterday. 5 We bought a nice TV at that big department store. 6 He's very low profile in the office, but he’s excellent at his job. © [work in pairs. Practice saying the sentences in Exercise B with the stress in the correct places. i) describing products and services ‘A Write the words in the box in the correct columns in the table. helpful high quality polite poorlymade poorauality professional ude unhelpful uninformed unprofessional well informed well made eople Products Positive Positive Negative B Complete the sentences with words from the table and any other necessary words to express your opinions. 4. [think most salespeople are 2 Products made in my country are usually Lthink the food at [name of a restaurant] is really and the staff is Imported products from [country] are usually To work in a store, you need to be and © [work in pairs. Compare opinions. Say whether you HOW TO SAY IT agree or disagree with your partner. ‘Agreeing and disagreeing ‘A: | think most salespeople are I think so, too, / agree with you. = Sodo. And they're often very I don't really agree because ... Well, actually tink. 50 dol. / Neither do @eCe CC Discuss these questions as a class. Why do you think more people don't start their own businesses? ‘What are some things you have to think about and do if you want to start @ business? Choose T (true) or F (false). Then read the article to check your answers. Most people who want their own business start one, Starting a business is always expensive. itis very difficult to start a business to sell things online. Selling a service is a good business option. You have to get professionals to help you create your business plan. Running a business is as much work as working for someone else. ae UL) business sn’ easy, but with passion, hard work, and alittle creative thinking, you can dott Maybe you think starting abusinessis too expensive and complicated. Think agai Peer hue es e@COMMEFCE: You simply join an eCommerce site and start selling things! OF course, you need to think about what you want to sell and you need to do research tofind out what people are already selling, but this is one of the easiest businesses to launch ona low budget. A service BuSINeSS: You offera service like babysitting, lawn care, basic home repairs, shopping for people, etc. Busy people often need to have other people do things for them. The key isto set up a website and project professional image, ‘Once you decide to start business, you need to do the work to make ita success: First, research the business. What's the competition? Which businesses of this type are successful, and why? What kinds of goods or services does the market want? ‘The next thing you have to do is plan. There are online sites to show you how to create a business plan ora marketing strategy, or design a website. Ifyou can pay tohave professionals create a logo and set up a website for you, that's great. Ifnot, Use one of the many good online sites. Finally, once you launch your business, you have to be prepared to work, work, ‘work. Many people think that having @ business is easier than working fora company. tis! Running a business is very hard work, but itcan also be very satisfying, both financially and personally. a (work in groups. Answer these questions. ‘What small local businesses and online businesses do you, your family, and your friends use? What does each business do or sell? Make a list. What new businesses could you start in your area? Brainstorm ideas. Tell the class your ideas. Say which ideas you think would really work. Taking care of businessadjectives ending in -ed/~ing Notice! Look atthe undetined words . fon, inthe conversation Which s ‘A [22 LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT Listen to the conversation, nuecermeraton ATEN What are Patty and Ana complaining about? present participle? Underline Patty: Oh, I'm so frustrated with all these huge electronics stores! ‘other presen-and pest The calespeople are completely uninterested in helping customers! | PaTlcbles in eters Anz | agree, These stores are totally frustrating and annoying. You can never get anyone to help you, and if you do find someone, they don't seem to know very much. That guy you talked to looked surprised when you started asking questions! { know. | think he was as confused as | was! It's too bad that there aren't many stores with good service anymore. Yeah, it's a depressing feature of 21-century life! OK, I'm exhausted. Let's go have lunch pay: Good idea. Let's go to Marty's Deli | really like their frozen yogurt. B ANALYZE Look back at the conversation in Exercise A. Function Choose the correct word, present or past, to complete — WAICH OUT! the rules. Then give examples from Exercise A. X My new phone is amazed! 1 participles used as adjectives describe an effect on / My new phone is amazing! person or thing, 7 Were you surprised when 2 - . ae you got tablet for your ® ee birthday? participles used as adjectives describe the person or X Were you surprising when thing that causes an effect. you got a tablet for your : 3 ‘ birthday? Form Complete the pairs of adjectives. frustrated - frustrating uninterested — confused - 2 = annoying ____- depressing surprised ~ exhausted ~ © PRACTICE Choose the correct adjective form to complete the sentences. 1 like interesting / interested, unusual furniture. 2 Ourbusiness goal is to have 100% satisfying / satisfied customers. 2 Soflais very exciting / excited! about her new tablet 4 Lwrant to relax before we go out because | had a really tring / ti 5 _ I don't like that color blue. It makes me feel depressing / depressed. 6 Almost all children’s toys are importing / imported from China these days. 7 thought that was a very entertaining / entertained moviel 8 I think this product manual is confusing / confused, | don’t understand it p [now You po It Work in groups. Talk about the following things and how they make you feel. Use as many participle adjectives as possible. + shopping at big malls + talking to tech support people on the phone: + shopping in open-air markets shopping at your favorite storeMatch the phrases 1-5 to the attitudes a-e they express. 4 Perfect! 2) satisfied 2 Let me check. b) dissatisfied 2 Fm not happy with this. «) without an opinion 4 Really? How annoying, ® sympathetic 5 ItSup to you. ©) helpful B [23 Listen to five short conversations. Choose the attitude of each speaker. + Customer: s) sympathetic) satisfied Salesperson: =) helpful ») without an opinion 2 Customer. ) dissatisfied b) satisfied Salesperson: =) helpful by unhelpful 3 Juliet: ») helpful b) without an opinion 4 Woman: 2) dissatisfied 8) without an opinion Brien: ») helpful ») unhelpful 5 Woman 1: 2) unhelpful by _dissatisfied Woman 2: «)_satisfied &) sympathetic © Listen to the conversations in Exercise B again. After each conversation, say the phrases that helped you identify the attitudes. 9 Eau sen 39 ind of service does Isabel’s business offer? B Listen to the conversation in Exercise A again and: + underline the questions Mia asks to find out more information. + circle the phrases Isabel uses to explain what her business is about. mis: | heard you left your job recently! leabot: Yes, | left because | wanted to start a home-organizing business. | mi: A home-organizing business? What is that, exactly? | Isabot The main thing we do is de-cluter, that is, throw away old things and reorganize closets, cabinets, even entire rooms. twa: Wow. Aren't people worried that you'll throw away things they want to keep’ trabot Not really You see, we consult with the family before we make any big changes. mi OK. So throwing things away is all you do? How TO Isabel Well, some people realy just want to get someone to clean __Asking for and giving explanations their house, so we offer that service, too. What is that? mia: So, who uses this kind of service? S0, .. (ing) is all you do? label: It's mostly families where both parents work, but anybody can Who uses this service? use it The main thing (we) do is mia It sounds very useful. | would definitely pay someone to that is reorganize my kitchen! Well, Ieabet Here's my card! You know, it's very satisfying to see how happy people are with their nice, organized houses. You see/know Its mostly ¢ [work in pairs. Think of some unusual services that people would pay for. Role-play a conversation like the one in Exercise A. Taking care of businessTURNING PROBLEMS INTO OPPORTUNITIES Identify problems. * Brainstorm possible opportunities. ‘Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each idea. * Choose one idea and develop it. A. Read this text and answer the questions. What characteristic do many great invention: What is one way to think of an idea ‘The title of this article is an old saying. You might be tempted to say, "I don't believe that. My problems are problems, period.” But many of the best inventions and business ideas were the result of salving problems. A classic example is the wheel, the earliest example of which was found jin Mesopotamia. The ancient Mesopotamians had the problem of moving ‘extremely heavy building materials from place to place. This was a slow ‘process involving many people, until they started to use the wheel. This, very simple idea changed civilization forever. Another example of a simple, effective solution toa problem is the assembly line. Before 1908 cars were made one by one, and this meant that cars were very, very ‘expensive. In 1908, Henry Ford invented the assembly line. He could produce @ large number of cars in a short time, which meant that he ‘could'sell his cars ta the general public at a much lower p ‘Today there are éifferent everyday problems waiting for creative solutions, One way to become a successful entrepreneur is to think of a solution to a problem in your life, become an expert on it, and offer the ‘olution to other people. People are happy to pay for ways to make their lives easier! 8 [work in pairs. You want to set up a business that will be successful in your local area. Use the table to make a list of big and small problems that affect you or your community. Problem Details Transportation c Food Daily chores Lifestyle and recreation Study and research Other (specify)c¢ [with your partner, choose one of the problems from Exercise B. Brainstorm several different business opportunities. Look at the example below. Be creative! LLEGE CAMPUS CAMPUS TAXIS D [Make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each idea. Bus system iY Pedicabs AduuctngesCan carry lotsof A Advantages: a small investments few or no legal Disadvantages: Very ie Di Sree ere pater ee investment; many students; drivers cau be tudes requirements; requires Disadvantages tower than professional drivers sauces or tats can carry only too people at atime © [choose your best business idea. Then read the example description below and create a similar table for your idea. Business idea Product/Service Market Details A campus minibu Present your business idea to the class. Listen to the other pairs and make a list of all of the different ideas on the board. Presenting a business idea G Hiitake a class vote on the best business idea. Our idea isto have a. business. We'e going to offer Cienega ) REFLECT ... tow can ill Tecate vars cof tuning problems into opportnitios Holes hos En Mies x fore’ how it works. We can get be useful to you in Study and people to... /We can charge .. / Learning and Self and Society? We can have Taking care of business‘A Complete the sentences with the words from the box. (8 points) advertise create design launch plan register research set up My brother will cour logo and promotional material. He's an artist. It takes a lot of hard work to your own business. 1Im going to have to learn how to a marketing strategy. Will we need to ‘our business with the state tax agency? To get a loan from the bank, you'll need to a business plan We are going to a website about the new service we offer. I#5 a good idea to the target market and the competition Most businesses these days their products online as well as on the radio or TV, Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. (7 points) ‘The salespeople in the computer store were very helpful / unhelpful. They showed me the best product for my needs, rm not going to buy this jacket because it's @ instructors here are excellent — very uninformed / | don’t like this necklace. It looks like its poor quality / hig I'm going to complain to the manager. That salesperson was very polite / ruc This store has a good furniture department. The furniture is inexpensive but [like this store because the staffs very well informed / high qual GATS corset ean Use Phrases to tale abou business end describe products and services, (0-10 corract: Lock again at the vocabulary sections on pages 40 and 42 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. (15 points) Hi, [have a problem with my printer— it won't print. Can I get it (check) here? i'm sorry to hear that. Yes, | can get someone (2) (look at it. You don't need to bring itn; we can visit you at home. However, | have to tell you that we can’t usually repair them. ‘Oh! That's really 3) (annoy)! Its only a year old. I know. i (frustrate), but they don’t have many parts that we can fix or replace. Well, it stopped working once before, and | got a friend (s (fin) it, But 'm really (surprise) that its stopped working again when its not even a year old! And the salesperson told me that it was your most popular model. Yes, itis, but recently we've had a lot of complaints about it. ms ‘Oh, that’s {interest So, rm nat the only person having problems? Salesperson: No, We've hada lot oft (disappoind) customers complaining about this model, and, its always) (worry) when we get a lot of complaints about a specific product. sy Are you going to get the manufacturer (10 (do) something about it? Advertisers make all these «1 (amaze) claims about their products, and really alot of them are just plastic junk. I'm going to be really (12) (annoy) if| have to buy a new printer. Salesperson: Well, we'll see what we can do, Now, can | just get you (#3) (fill out this form? It’s 2 little cay (confuse), so let me know if you have any questions, Then I'll get one of our engineers 15 (cal) you to arrange a time to come out and take a look at the printer. BiVIS corre eHGANISS Rave snd GetES USlk about services. | can use -ed and ~ing adjectives ‘0-10 comect: Look again at the arammarsections on pages 41 and 44 SCORE:UNITS | IN THIS UNIT YOU veel mie | || i A. Read the headlines. Where do you see or hear stories fe esdeearcle sic gain like these? Do you like reading these types of stories? " Why or why not? : SPORTS STAR STRIPPED OF enna eee GOLD MEDAL AUTHORITIES HAVE CONFIRMED THAT HE WAS USING STEROIDS WHEN HE WON THE GOLD MES RORMERCONTD TTY ME SICK FORMER TOP MODEL FASHION TOP BUSIN DISASTER FOUND GUILTY OF FRAUD Work in groups. ry which of the stories, if any, you interested in can be news, lic should know if there's a problem aia Learn how to prepare a report Tne using information from a survey STUDY & LEARNING er oredistinguishing fact and opinion A [discuss these questions. 44 Who do you think gossips more: men or women? 2 In your opinion, is gossiping @ positive or negative social activity? B Read the article. According to the text, is gossip good or bad for us? What is go: 2 We all know about its negative connotations. But, in the opinion of psychologists, gossip is simply informal communication about people, with an evaluative element. People usually state or imply their opinioné or feelings about necessarily have to be negative. In fact, one recent study showed that most gossip is not based on criticism, but is simply socially interesting, and Is primarily about topics like relationships, personel experiences, and advice Most people believe that they don’t gossip because they 00 this kind of information as “trivial” They have the fea that they spend most of their time talking about ‘to national surveys, this is particularly true of men, who consider that what they do is “exchanging information” rather than gossiping. However, research has proven that IS GOSSIP @ information, but these don't important” topics, such as business or polities. According two-thirds of all human conversation is gossip, for both sexes. Studies also show that, in social situations, men spend 0-5% of the time talking about “serious” subjects, and that they gossip just as much as women. People used to spend more time gossiping with their friends and neighbors, but today, we have less ‘ime for face-to-face social interaction, including gossip. However, in recent years, communication technology, especially the smartphone, has given us new ways to gossip. Apart from talking on the phone, people use their phones to get news and gossip through social media platforms like Twitter ‘and Facebook. A survey showed that only 17% of participants use their cell phones primarily for work purposes. Most people feel that their cell phones are Vital for their social lives. Whether gossip is in person or via technology, it seems to have social and psychological benefits. Research indicates that gossip can lower stress and can help us establish and maintain relationships, learn social skills, resolve conflicts, and reinforce social values, Far from being a negative pastime, ‘gossip can actually be good for you! Find these phrases in the article. Are they facts or opinions? Underline the words that helped you decide. +. gossip is simply informal communication about people 2. most gossip is not based on criticism 2 (most people) don't gossip because they see this kind of information as “trivial” 4 (ren} spend most of their time talking about “important” topics (men) consider that what they do is “exchanging information” ‘two-thirds of all human conversation is gossip (men) gossip just as much as women only 17% of participants use their cell phones primarily for work purposes cell phones are vital for their social lives gossip can lower stress D [work in pairs, Look at the questions in Exercise A again. Have any of your opinions changed after reading the article? Explain your reasons. 1g to the article, .., so now | think... / but ,aveshaven't changed my opinion about men and wom n gossiping becausene ea A [B25 LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT Listen to the conversation below. Why is Eric worried? frie: You know, I'm a little worried about Scott. steve: Why? What's wrong? fic: Its his new job, | think he's really unhappy. A couple of days ago, he told me that he wasn't getting along with his manager, and he said that he didn’t think his manager liked him. He said he had worked really hard on a report, but his manager had asked him to write it all over again because he did't lke it. stove: That sounds awful. What else did he say? frie: He said he was going to talk to the director the next day, so we should call him to find out what happened. | told him we would take him out to dinner this week to cheer him up. What do you think? steve: Yeah, that’s 2 good idea. | can do Friday. Are you free then? NOTICE! Look at the underlined pronouns. Function Choose the correct option to complete the sentence. Who do he and him refer ta? We use reported / direct speech to repeat what someone said without | a) tie &) Steve Stott Using their exact same words. ; B ANALYZE Read the conversation in Exercise A again. Forni Study the table. Then choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Direct speech Reported speech simple present "I don't think my managerlikes me.” He said that he didn’ think his manager liked him. present progressive _“mnot getting along with my Scott told me that he wasn't getting along with his | manager” manager simple past He asked me to write it allover He said he had asked him to write it all ever again again.” Present perfect “ve worked here a really [ong time.” _ He said he had worked there a realy long time. simple be going to 11m going to talk to the drector He said he was going to tak to the director the next tomorrow.” ay | will “We will take you out ta dinner. {told him we would take him out to dinner pronouns |, we, me, us he, she, it, they ir, her them | time expressions today, tomorrow yesterday, next that day, the next day the day before, the following | week, now, last week week, then, the week before place expressions here there | 4 Reported / Direct speech doesn't use quotation marks (" " WATCH OUT 2 When we use a verb in the past tense to introduce reported speech, for example, said or told, we change / don't change the tense in the reported speech 3 Inteported speech, we change / don't change other words the person said, for ‘example, pronouns, time, and place expressions 7 He told me he was going to talk to them, A He said me he was {going to talkto them, © PRACTICE Rewrite these sentences as reported speech. 4 “I don't want to go to the meeting.” (Paula) 4 “lean come to your party next week." (Gary) Paula said that she didn’t want to go to the meeting. “I'm sure that Rick called you.” (Amanda) 2 "Sarah and | are going to buy a house." (Sam) 6 “think you and Mary should get married.” (Rita) 3 “You won't believe the news!" (Lisa) NOW YOU DO IT Make a statement about yourself to your partner. Your partner reports to the class what you said. Correct any errors. Ac He said that he was going to quit his job. 8: No. | said that | was going to start a new job. Through the grapevine has)RCC A Match these verbs and verb phrases with their definitions. speak to an audience on an informal occasion [1] 4 argue b talkeabout a specific topic with someone [J | 2 chat speak to someone In an angry way because you disagree; try to convince 3 discuss someone that you are right about something _[] 4 explain 4 speak to an audience on a formal occasion C] sS gveaspeech + tak ina friendly way, ar have a short informal conversation; have a conversation 6 Give a talk through instant messaging on an electronic device] Foe + use words to communicate orally; have a conversation [] 2 talk to someone about something; to use your voice to produce language: use a particular language (e.g., English) 0 i tall 2 | tell someone something so that they understand it better [] B Complete the questions with words from Exercise A. Sometimes | there is more than one possibility. 4 Doyou often online with your friends? 2 Have you ever heard a politician give a about en important topic? 3 Do youand your family ever politics? 4 Do you often with your fiends about controversial subjects? | 5 How many languages do you 2 6 Doyou like to to your friends on the phone? | 7 Can you the cause of global warming? 8 Have you ever given a to your class or workmates about something? | © [work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Exercise B. introducing a new topic | A. [B26 Listen to the conversation below. Choose the topics the ‘women talk about. {ola and Rob's relationship Lole’s brother Megan's party | ‘Andy's party Darille’s dentist appointment lecture notes Megars phone number ‘Pauls party Danielle: $0, ae we going to Paul’ party on Saturday? Yeah, lets go! Oh, hey, have you heard about Lola and Rob? No, what? They had a big argument and broke up! She said he was going out with someone else! Danielle: Wow, that’s big news .. So, who's he going out with? susie not sure, but Anna told me she thought it was Alyssa Benson, (Oh, and guess what! Your friend Darren invited Laurie to Andy's party. Daniele: | know. Darren said that Megan wasn't speaking to him because ! she wanted to go to the party with him. sie: Really? i Disa: Yeah. Anyway, | have a dentist appointment now, so | have to go. sue Allright. Good luck at the dentist! By the way, do yau have Megan's i phone number? | Daiae: Yes, I'll text to you. See you tomorrow. Oh, wait. | almost forgot. Can you lend me your notes from last week's lecture? suis OK, I'll email them. See you.B Listen again. Underline the phrases used to introduce a new topic. ¢ (work in pairs. Have a conversation about something or someone you both know. Include at least three topic changes in the conversation. Practice your conversation several times. Then act it out for the class. OU Us 27 LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT Listen to the conversation below. What kind of gossip were the interviewers interested in? Candidate Hi, Becky, 'm back from the press conference. Personal axsistnt: Hi, Paul, How did it. go? Condidate: Well, they mostly wanted to talk about silly gossip. They asked if you and | had a "special relationship.” They wanted to know whether we were going to get married! Personal sstant: Oh, right. Thatis silly gossip. What did you say? Candidate: asked them why the media couldn't focus on the real issues, Then | told them that we were friends as well as, colleagues, but nothing more. Personal asian: | think they just make up stories to entertain the public. Candidate: You're right. Anyway, when is my next interview? NOTICE! Personal assitant: Let's See ... You have an interview on Meet the Teach arlclae desartories, Candidates on Thursday evening, Which is direct question? Which is a reported question? B ANALYZE Look back at the conversation in Exercise A. Form Answer the questions. Then complete the table with examples from Exercise A. 1 What phrases do we often use at the beginning of a reported question? 2 Which two words can we use to report a yes/no question? 3 When we use a verb/phrase in the past tense to introduce @ reported question, we change / don’t change the tense in the reported question Direct ques Reported question Doyeu andyour peronal assent have 2 “ = YesNo Mpecellatonship"? QUESTIONS re you going to get married? © © She asked me how it went. onan She asked me what | had said questions Why can't the media focus on the real issues? ® o He asked (her) when his next interview was, © PRACTICE Rewrite the direct questions as reported questions. 1 “How did you feel?” 4 "Will you run for public office?” WATCH OUT! They asked me She asked us 1 He asked where 2 "Doyou have any brothers and sisters?” 5 “Is the senator going to resign?” ace asia She asked him We wanted to know . Eeieatecdee 3 “Who is Martha working for?” 6 "Can David give us the information?” were we going, He asked them lasked her X They wanted to. know we liked D [now you bo fr Find out and report information about your the candidate. partner. Follow these steps. They wanted to know ifwe liked + Work alone. Write two yes/no questions and two information questions. + Ask your partner the questions. Listen carefully to their answers. + Work with another pair. Report the questions you asked and your partner's answers. Through the grapevine TENE the candidate. Then | asked her asked Maria ifshe had @ car. She said she dickask, say, tell Complete the phrases with ask, say, or tell. + tell a joke 5 hello / goodbye 2 permission 6 astory 2 What you think 7 2 question 4 (for) 2 favor 8 the truth /a lie B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrases from Exercise A. | 1 Cant you 2 Could | use your car tomorrow? 2 Mybrother should be a writer. He great ! | 3 My sisters so funny! She a lot of good 4 Ifyou , people won't trust you. 5 | think we can use this room for our meeting, but we need to first. 6 Leila is very direct. She always even if other people don’t like it | 7 Qh; no! | forgot to to Maria when | left the party. i @ Canl you 7 How do | turn on the printer? ¢ [a complete the sentences with phrases from Exercise A so they are | true for you. Then share them with a partner. 2 | think children should always 4 Inour class, we always | i say/says/said @]28 Listen and repeat these words. Notice that the vowel sound is the same in says and said, but is different in say. say says said B [)29 Practice saying these sentences. Pay attention to the vowel sound in say, says, and said. Listen and check. + Lynn says hello. 4 Excuse me. What did you say? 2 always say what | think. He said that Marsha didn’t say hi 3 My boss seid he wouldn't be here tomorrow. & Don't listen to anything he says! y 8 PAs A. [50 Listen to the phone messages. Choose the correct word to describe how each speaker feels. + a angy sad 6 excited 3 9 sad) newous @ angy 2 a) worried 6) excited «indecisive 4 a) excited 6) worried relaxed B Listen again and complete the notes on the message pads. os TT 55) 3 | MESSAGE FOR: Lindce ls pees Dad ~ Leo called. He wanted to ask you @ He said he needs 6)© (9 work in pairs. compare your notes with your partner. Use reported speech. A Erica said that Lauren said she D [with your partner, discuss these questions about the messages. What do you think Erica is going to tell Lindsey? What do you think Lauren’ relationship with Rab is? What favor do you think Leo is going to ask his ded for? What do you think Mark and John’s relationship is? O) CE 2]84 Listen to a radio interview with a politician. Then complete the notes for a journalist's article about the interview. Betti Tee ei TE Tit hii) Interview with Senate candidate, Pauline Hil Tope: Shopping habits of her hesband, Denale Hi DH has + Gesigner ovit= Pei Are Fasband's clothes relevant to her jo? Report says DH spent 1 PH: yong to be scent? = DH Hesnye ging pubic 2 PH: No Rumor. DH PH: Net tue ~ media tele les Ui DH ieanye affect her chances ta keep pb after Jecrion? PH: No =" 5 B Use the information from the journalist’s notes in Exercise A and The topic of Martina Bruce's latest TV interview with Florida Senate candidate, Pauline Hill, was nother opinions on education. The topic was her husband, Donald Hill. Ms. Hill ooked little surprised when Bruce's first question was whether (1) that her husband @ Ms, Hill asked Bruce ifshe @ relevant to her job, When Bruce told her that she had a report that said that Ms. Hill asked her fits) Bruce then asked whether (6) negative image of her, but Ms, Hill said she didn't think so, Bruce pointed out that there was a rumor that her husband 7) , but Ms. Hil said thar the rumor ® Finally, Bruce asked her whether her husband’s She said that it definitely would not. She said that she (10) \We'lljust have to wait until after the election to know if that’s true. | ¢ 9 work in pairs. Exchange papers and read your partner's article. Then compare the two articles. Did you and your partner report the information in the same way? If there are differences, who reported the information more accurately? OC UNITS 55 |A (work in pairs. You are going to write a report for a media studies class. Interview six people about when and how they get news by asking the questions in the survey below. ‘Write the letter of their answer in the box. GENDER 1 <)iniernationel news entertainment news b} national news ! sports news €) local (city/state) news 2 «al every doy 4) less than once a week b| several fimes a week _e} almost never, [work in pairs. Combine and use the results from your surveys in Exercise A to write your own three-section report about news consumption. Use the example report in Exercise C to help you. © (4 work with another pair. Read your reports and discuss these questions. REFLEC == Were any of your results similar? cof reporting information be useful to 2 Were any of your results different? Ifso, how can you you Waren Coroer end Sell explain the differences? cand Society? 2 Were there any surprising results? Through the grapevine Punirs 57Choose the correct words. (15 points) Toby: Mia, can | (1) ask / tell you for a favor? | need some advice. Toby: Mi: OK, but be quick! | have to give a @ chai ech in my English class. Tob OK, I'm going to (3) ask / say you a question. You Mia know that Jade and | broke up last month? Well, !told Toby Jade | wasn’t interested in anyone else, but | wasn’t really @ saying / telling the truth. | want to ask Brianna Lopez out. Mis mix ~ Do you want me to (5) fell/ say what | think? Toby: Yes. Mi Then I really think you need to (6) explain / argue the situation to Jade, (7 Talk / toher about it. And Toby ‘don't just @ tell / say her some story that isn’t true Fi Look agai atthe vocabulary sections on pages 52 and 54 Read the conversation. Then complete the reported statements and questions. (15 points) Jenny: (2) Are you going to Lisa's party? Jenny David: (2)1 don't know. (8) My cousins are coming to visitthis Dav weekend. Jenny: (4) Where do your cousins live? deny avid: In Toronto. (8) They've just come back from Thailand. Jenny: * Ww. (6) Did they live in Thailand? avid David: Yes, (7) Do you want to meet them? (@) Well be at home con Sunday. Jeno 1. Jenny asked David 2 David said 3 He said 4 Then Jenny asked 5 He told her 6 Jenny asked 7 David asked 8 David said 9 But Jenny said that 10 David said that 11 Jenny said 12. She asked David 13 David said 14 He said he 15. Jenny said [Look again at the grammar sections on pages $1 and 53 SER IUSe AE ay Sh thet vores related to oral communication. [leanllse @BSHEd speech fo report statements anc questions, I'm not going to (9) tell/ say ies! But I'm not (10) asking / telling her permission to ‘ask Brianna out either. No. I'm not (14) saying / telling that. know. 'm sorry | don't want to 12) discuss / argue with you. | just feel nervous. understand, | think you need to (13) chat with / give 2 talk to Jade about the situation, Anyway, you want, we can (a discuss / talk this later after my class. OK. Hey, Brianna isin your class, isn't she? (15) Say / Tell hello to her from me. SCORE: ns (91h, | can’t come on Sunday. (10) Well, maybe | can take them to Lisas pary. Good idea! (1) 'll ask Lisa if its OK. (12) Do you want me to pick you up? (19) That would be perfect! 14) think that's a good plan, ‘OK. (15) 'm going to call Lisa tonight.J) SI Wig More DECISIVE IN THIS UNIT YOU 1D 22d peo; ae 9} listen to people talking about big For goodness sake, jst pick one neal seventeen! A_Look at these cartoons. Which do you | think is the funniest? B _[f§ when was the last time you found it difficult to make a decision or had to make a difficult decision? Explain what happened. Heads | do, tails I'm Outta here,” LIFE eran ol aoe SM tel MEIC SKILLS of the image you project 8g & SOCIETY DgCU RLU cs Sud ‘A Complete the verb phrases with the verbs in the box. confiont give keep promise tell trust wait wam something secret and see what happens someone about a problem or something they have done someone some advice someone about something bad that might happen (not) to do something a close friend someone to do something you ask them to B Match these sentences with the verb phrases in Exercise A, a) You should try to. '§) Let's not decide now. The cexetelse more often] ‘situation might change. |] ©) Don't worry. Il tak to Jane for you. 1 won't forget. ©) You know me very wel, Steve. Can I tel you something? [] eo io A [B32 Lancuace in CONTEXT Listen to the conversation below. Why is Billy worried? Dad: — What's wrong? Billy: I'm kind of worried about money. Dad: Well, if you had studied business management, like | said you should, you could have gotten a good job when you graduated from college Billy: Yeah, but | would've hated studying business. Pad: You don't know that. You might have liked it. ily: In any case, | wouldn't have met Jessica if | hadn't studied philosophy, Dad: If you hadn't met Jessica, you would have met someone else. NOTICE! Look at the underlined B ANALYZE Read the conversation in Exercise A again. sentence. Does it refer to the past, the present, or the future? Form Choose the correct option to complete the rules. Melause Result clause Examples f+) simple past/ past | (2) would, could, might? Ifyou had studiad business, you could have gotten a perfect, will, can, may+ have+ past — good job. participle I you had studied business, you might have liked it. We use a comma when | (hadh't studied philosophy, { wouldin’t have met the ifclause is at (3) the Jessica, I wouldn't have met Jessica if hadn't studied philosophy. the sentence.Function Choose the correct option to complete the rules. 1) We use the third conditional to talk about unreal situations in the present/ past. WATCH OUT! if hadn't studied philosophy, ! wouldn't have met Jessica. (The opposite is iia hee er true: | studied philosophy, end so | met Jessica.) you would have liked 2 We can use could or might instead of would in the result clause to talk about fim results that were possible / define in the past X Hfyou would have met Ifyou had studied business, you could/might have found a good jot him, you had hiked (W’s possible that you would have found a good job. But you dicint study a business, so you didn’t find a good job.) eG We soul have = © PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the correct form of the hadn't helped us. words in parentheses. Ne SS 4. Tricia and Steve thave) an argument if we (not be) there. hadn'thelpus. 2 fl (explain) the situation better, you (not be) angry. 2 Hf {know) about the party | {could go) with you. 4 Hfimy friend (not introduce) Paula and me, we {not meet. 5 Sam (could not buy) a carif his brother (not lene) him the money. & Ifatriend {rot give) me some good advice, | {might lose) a lat of money. NOW YOU DO IT Think of four important events that happened or decisions you made in the past. Write two affirmative sentences and two negative sentences. Then talk about what would, might, or could have happened if the opposite had been true. PC A [83 Listen to these sentences. How does the speaker pronounce the phrases might have, could have, and would have? 1 Ifyou'd told a close friend, you might have felt better. 2 IF'd had more money, | could have bought a nicer house, 2 | would have given you some advice if yau'd asked me. B Listen again and repeat the sentences. Pay attention to the phrases might have, could have, and would have. FA AT es RS A [Look at these problems of modern life. In your opinion, which of these is the biggest problem? Why? Which is the least important? Take a vote. 3) dimty cities +) climate change «) theeconomy —)_unsafe drivers B [34 Listen to four people talking about their hopes and wishes. Match each person to the problem HOW TO SAY IT in Exercise A they are talking about. taeichathere Wetentany 1 2 2 ‘ {ish | were / could es ‘ , | wish people would/wouldn c¢ [work in pairs. Follow the instructions below. paces t + Choose one of the problems of modern life in Exercise A, or another problem that concerns you. + Talk about the things you wish were different about it + Say what your hopes are for the future. I hope that some day, people will Ihope that in the fature, Decisions, decisions UXTENCCUNT A. Read the two dilemmas on the webpage below. Don’t read the replies. Choose the best summary, a or b, for each dilemma. 1s) The writer thinks her friend's boyfriend is cheating on her. b) The writer isn’t sure if her friend's boyfriend is cheating on her or nat. 2) The writer thinks his friend is going to get into trouble. ») The writer thinks his friend was wrong to steal. THE MORAL DILEMMA Write about moral and ethical dilemmas you've had, and tell us what you did. Find out what other people would have done. ¥ Last week | saw my friend’s boyfriend in a café with another woman. | didn’t say anything because if had told my friend, and it had turned out that the woman was his cousin or something, they both would have thought | was just gossiping! Did I do the right thing? > Don't worry, Celia. | wouldn't have said anything to my friend, either. | wouldn't have wanted to interfere in their relationship Ihe realy i cheating on her, she'll find out anyway Rachel > | disagree, Rachel! if had seen something lke that, | would have told my friend right away. She would’ have thought you were gossiping, Celia. She would have been happy that you cared about her feelings. _amandina ‘v What would you have done if you had seen a friend steal something? That happened to me the other day. My friend and I were in a store, and he took some pens from a display and put them in his pocket. | felt terrible when | saw him do it, but I've been too scared to say anything! gammy > If had seen a fiend do that, | would have said something to him immediately. | probably wouldn't have told the store manager, but! would have confronted my friend about it. Stealing is a serious crime. Ifa salesperson had) seen him, he could have been arrested. Talk to him about it. Don't let him think that stealing is OK. Naomi > Do you think he would have been arrested for taking 2 couple of pens? | wouldn't have said anything about something ike that. Now, if he had stolen something more expensive, like 2 video game or something, that would have been different. Of course stealing is wrong, but | don't think this was that big a deal. B Read the dilemmas and the replies again. Choose T (true) or F (false) for each statement. Celia told her friend her boyftiend! was cheating on her. TIE Rachel thinks that Celia did the right thing TE ‘Amandina says that she would have done the same thing. TE Jake stole something and now he feels bad about it. TE Naomi thinks this is serious problem TF Kevin does not agree with Naomi’ opinion, TIE © [work in groups. Discuss the responses to the dilemmas. Which response do you agree with more in each case? What would you have done in these situations?PCT 403 When you listen, you may also have pictures or written information, such as questions, connected to what you are listening to, Look at any information you have before you listen. It can give you important clues about what you are going to hear. ‘fH vou are going to hear a family, Michael, Angela, and Julia, talking about a big life change they made. Look at the pictures that are connected to the life change. Discuss these questions as a class. 1 What big change do you think the family might have made? 2 Why do you think they might have dacided to make this change? 3 What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of making a big lfe change? B 5 Now listen to the family and check your answers to Exercise A. © Listen again and choose the correct answers to these questions. Why does Michael think they made a good decision? 4 How did she feel about her old job? 8) Because it was good for his and Angela’s careers. a) She liked it &) Because their friends and family are all in New York.) She didn't like it 2 How does he fee! about making new friends? 5 What does Julia say that Angela is worried about? 2) He thinks its going to be very diffcut. ») That Julia will get into trouble. 8) He doesn't think it wll be too difficult. That Julia won't be able to go to the dancing 3 How does Angela feel about the move? classes she needs. 8) She would have been very disappointed ifthey 6 In general, how does Julia feel about the move? hadn't done it 8) She's unhappy about it b) She would have been happy if they hack b) She's happy about it. Ze a) ‘A LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT Read this online chat between two sisters. 1pse7iNe pe ‘Where do you think Abby is? with, How many different ee Cee there? ABbyair: Me, too! miss you all so much. Ifonly could got on a bus and come home for the weekend! PC aes Leen ae ee ee enn rc) a ecu! Abbysi 'm OK, but | do study alot. Ihave exams next week. hope they won't bbe too hard, KP or nn Ser een ert Decisions, decisions UST aayB ANALYZE Read the online chat in Exercise A again. Form Complete the table with examples from Exercise A. Present | hope + simple present (1) ali Future hope + present progressive hope + will @ es [rsa lees es . wish + simple past (@) soe Past ifonly + simple past («) s hope + simple past wish + would (5) Tho last night. u had a nice time at the party Function Choose the correct option to complete the rules. 1 We use hope to refer to things that are possible / impossiblein the WATCH OUT! present and future. 2 Weuse wish and if only to refer to things that are possible / impossible in the present. 3 We use wish + would/wouldn’t to express satisfaction / dissatisfaction with a situation in the present. J ‘wish [had some money. X | wish | wauld have some money. ‘7 ‘hope he artives soon. X hope he would artive soon. X ifonly | have more time. © PRACTICE Rewrite these sentences using the words in ifonly |hed more time. parentheses. Include would or wouldn’t where necessary. | 4. Carol would like to be more self-confident. She wishes she were more self-confident. (wish) 2 I would like to live in Canada, = aes (Fon) 3. Sam wants his friend to visit him. He {hope} 4 Liam would like to have enough money to go on vacation. He de pe (wish 5 Jill eft Mark a message yesterday, but she doesn’t know if he got it. | She 4 2 (hope) 6 Lauren is sad that she can’t go to India this summer. She ener (wish) 7 Ryan always calls me late at night: | don’t like it. I (wish 8 Paul doesn’t think his boss gives him enough information. He = wish) > BJ now vou po IT Work in pairs. Talk about your hopes and wishes in three or more of the areas below. You can also use your own ideas. + appearance : money + friends + work + study + possessions + time hope I don't have to move to a big I wish {had more money. If hac Ihope I pas | nish Idi Iwish my best friend wouldn’tEy decisions ‘A. Complete the phrases with the correct verb, a or b. 1 all the options ‘ 2 fair decision 7 a decision ) weigh») makeup 2) make by weigh 2) make — &) gather 2 about the consequences 5 responsibilityfor information ®) gather) think their decisions ®) gather») think 3 the positive and consider 6) take ° ~ all the factors negative effects ‘ your mind! into account ») take») consider 2) makeup) make ) take») consider B_ Read the definitions and write the numbers of the phrases from Exercise A that mean the same thing. Definitions d and e have more than one answer. 2) to find out things about the situation [_ @ to think about the results of a decision by to-consider all the aspects of adecision [J] )_ to decide something ©) to look atall the possible courses of action [] toaccept the consequences of adecision [] c [Ej Now work in pairs. Read the statements below. Which do you agree with? Do you and your partner have the same decision-making style? 4+ Itsimportant to be able to make decisions quickly 2 People should think carefully about the consequences before they decide anything 2 You can't make a decision withaut having all the information, 4 Sometimes you have to follow your instincts when making important decisions. checking your work Sas is = =! A Look at the checklist below. Then read the email and underline one example of each error in the checklist. Rewrite the email without errors. ee Coe ree oes every santonce have a subset —__| Wel, took your advice into account, and aed aver ‘up my brain, I'm going to go back to school to fin 2 Are all the verb tenses comet? (| my degree! I've thought about the advantages a Necobuiary amd spel = disvantages of quitting my job, and alized that 1 Haye you used the correct words? F]_| stent bce schoo now wil abvays rege 2 Are ail the words spelled conrectiy? it. I'm not happy at work anyway, I really wish I Punctuation were in school. J hope this is the right decision, but Tove yar opt etterscomectiy J_| {think tne only way tage a better Jobst nish 2 Have you put a punctuation mark af the ' what I'm going to do. What did end of enon complete santence? A 3 Hove yas used commas where necessary? B Think of a decision (big or small) that you made recently. Write a short email to a friend telling them about it. Include these points + Describe the decision you made. + Explain why you made this decision. + Say what you hope the result of the decision will be. ¢ [work in pairs. Read your partner's email and use the checklist in Exercise A to check for errors. Look at your partner's corrections. Ask them or your teacher for clarification. Rewrite your email. Decisions, de sions CTYBECOMING MORE SELF-AWARE + Find out how others see you. * Think about how you react in different situations and why * Decide how you could change A. Read this article. Label the sections in the pie chart with these phrases. Bodylanguage Tone of voice Words In any face-to-face communication, there are three basic elements: the words we use, our tone of voice (how we say the words), and our body language (the movements and gestures we make with our arms, hands, and face). We often think that the words we use are the most important Se factor, In fact, studies have shown that when we are talking about : personal feelings, the words only carry 7% of the message. Our : tone of voice carries 38% and our body language carries 55%. Effective communicators are usually people who understand this all the time rarely alot ofthe time never sometimes comfortable relaxed defensive stressed ‘open oO nervous [I] Cee as CP ae c [work with a partner you know well, Ask how they would answer each question about you, and mark your partner’s answers about you in the blue boxes. A: Which word or words best describe the way | usually speak to other people? I think probably D Look back at your answers and your partner’s answers about you. In general, does your partner see you in the same way you see yourself? Are there any surprises? and are self-aware, Self-awareness Is our ability to understand our ‘own reactions and the messages we send out to other people. — B Answer these questions by checking the red boxes. confident quiet nervous =] tout friendly aggressive F] allthe time alot of the time sometimes (] rarely never L