PMT

Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2014

Pearson Edexcel GCE in Core Mathematics 4R

(6666/01R)
PMT

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Summer 2014
Publications Code UA038470
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2014
PMT

General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for
what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be
used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the
candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles
by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to
a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with
an alternative response.
PMT

SOME GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR CORE MATHS MARKING

(But the particular mark scheme always takes precedence)

Method mark for solving 3 term quadratic:

Question
Scheme
Number

3(b) Factorising/Solving a quadratic equation is tested in Question 3(b).

Method mark for solving a 3 term quadratic:

1. Factorisation
( x 2 + bx + c) = ( x + p ) ( x + q ), where pq = c , leading to x = ...
(a x 2 + bx + c)= (m x ± p ) (n x ± q ), where pq = c and mn = a , leading to x = ...

2. Formula
Attempt to use correct formula (with values for a, b and c.)

3. Completing the square

2
 b
Solving x 2 + bx + c =0 :  x ±  ± q ±=
c 0 , q ≠ 0 , leading to x = ...
 2

Use of a formula
Where a method involves using a formula that has been learnt, the advice given in recent examiners’ reports
is that the formula should be quoted first.
Normal marking procedure is as follows:
Method mark for quoting a correct formula and attempting to use it, even if there are mistakes in the
substitution of values (but refer to the mark scheme first… the application of this principle may vary).
Where the formula is not quoted, the method mark can be gained by implication from correct working with
values, but will be lost if there is any mistake in the working.

Answers without working

The rubric says that these may gain no credit. Individual mark schemes will give details of what happens in
particular cases. General policy is that if it could be done “in your head”, detailed working would not be
required. Most candidates do show working, but there are occasional awkward cases and if the mark scheme
does not cover this, please contact your team leader for advice.

Misreads
A misread must be consistent for the whole question to be interpreted as such.
These are not common. In clear cases, please deduct the first 2 A (or B) marks which would have been lost
by following the scheme. (Note that 2 marks is the maximum misread penalty, but that misreads which alter
the nature or difficulty of the question cannot be treated so generously and it will usually be necessary here
to follow the scheme as written).
Sometimes following the scheme as written is more generous to the candidate than applying the misread
rule, so in this case use the scheme as written.
PMT

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1
−
 1  −
1 (9 − 10 x) 2

1. (a)  =  (9 − 10 x) 2 B1
 ( 9 − 10 x )  or uses power of −
1
2
1 1
− − 1
 10 x  2 1  10 x  2 − 1
1
−
=(9) 1 −  = 1 −
2
(9) or B1

2

 9  3 9  3
1    1 (− 1 )(− 32 )  At least two correct terms.
=    1 +  −  (k x) + 2 (k x) 2 + ...  M1
3   2 2!  See notes

1    1  −10 x  (− 2 )(− 2 )  −10 x  

1 3 2

=    1 +  −   +   + ... 
 3    2  9  2!  9  
1 5 25 2 
=  1+ x + x + ... 
3 9 54 
1 5 25 2
=+ x; + x + ... A1; A1
3 27 162
[5]
3+ x 1
( 3 + x )( 9 − 10 x ) 2
−
(b) =
(9 − 10 x)
1 
( 3 + x )  + x +  x 2 +  ... 
5 25 Can be implied by later work
= M1
 3 27 162   See notes
Multiplies out to give exactly
5 25 2 1 5 2 one constant term, exactly 2 terms in x
=1 + x + x + x+ x + ... M1
9 54 3 27 and exactly 2 terms in x 2 .
Ignore terms in x 3 . Can be implied.
8 35 2
=+
1 x + x + ... A1
9 54
[3]
8
Question 1 Notes
1
− 1
(a) B1 Writes down (9 − 10 x) 2
or uses power of − .
2
1
− 1
This mark can be implied by a constant term of (9) 2 or .
3
− 12 1 1
B1 (9) or outside brackets or as candidate’s constant term in their binomial expansion.
3 3
1
Expands (... + k x )
−
M1 2 to give any 2 terms out of 3 terms simplified or an un-simplified,
(− 12 )(− 32 ) (− 1 )(− 3 )
1+ (− ) (k x) ( − 12 ) ( k x ) + ( k x ) or 1 + ...... + 2 2 ( k x ) , where k ≠ 1 .
1 2 2
2
or
2! 2!
1 5
A1 + x (simplified fractions)
3 27
25 2
A1 Accept only x
162
PMT

1. (a) ctd Note You cannot recover correct work for part (a) in part (b). i.e. if the correct answer to (a) appears
as part of their solution in part (b), it cannot be credited in part (a).
SC If a candidate would otherwise score A0A0 then allow Special Case 1st A1 for either
1 5   5 25 2   5λ 25λ 2 
SC:  1 + x ; ...  or SC: λ  1 + x + x + ...  or SC:  λ + x+ x + ... 
3 9   9 54   9 54 
(where λ can be 1 or omitted), with each term in the [.........] is a simplified fraction
SC Special case for the M1 mark
n(n − 1)
Award Special Case M1 for a correct simplified or un-simplified 1 + n(k x) + (k x) 2
2!
1
expansion with a value of n ≠ − , n ≠ positive integer and a consistent ( k x ) . Note that ( k x )
2
must be consistent (on the RHS, not necessarily the LHS) in a candidate’s expansion.
Note that k ≠ 1 .
1    1  10 x  (− 12 )(− 32 )  10 x  
2

Note Candidates who write    1 +  −  +   + ... 

 3    2  9  2!  9  
10 10 1 5 25 2
where k = and not − and achieve − x; + x + ... will get B1B1M1A0A1.
9 9 3 27 162

(b)
M1 Writes down (3 + x) ( their part (a) answer, at least 2 of the 3 terms.)
1 5  1 5 25 2 
Note (3 + x)  + x + ...  or ( 3 + x )  + x+ x + ...  are fine for M1.
4 4   3 27 162 
Note This mark can also be implied by candidate multiplying out to find two terms (or coefficients) in x.
M1 Multiplies out to give exactly one constant term, exactly 2 terms in x and exactly 2 terms in x 2 .
Note This M1 mark can be implied. You can also ignore x 3 terms.
8 35 2
A1 1+ x + x + ...
9 54

Alternative Methods for part (a)

Alternative method 1: Candidates can apply an alternative form of the binomial expansion.
 1  −
1
−
1
 1 −
3
( − 1 ) ( − 23 ) − 52
 =  (9 − 10 x) =2
(9) 2 +  −  (9) 2 (−10 x) + 2 (9) (−10 x) 2
 ( 9 − 10 x )   2  2!
1
− 1
B1 Writes down (9 − 10 x) 2 or uses power of − .
2
1
− 1
B1 9 2 or
3
M1 Any two of three (un-simplified or simplified) terms correct.
1 5
A1 + x
3 27
25 2
A1 x
162
1 1 1 3 1 5
Note −
The terms in C need to be evaluated, so 2 C0 (9)
−
2
+
−
2
C1 (9)
−
2
(−10 x) +
−
2
C2 (9)
−
2
(−10 x) 2
without further working is B1B0M0A0A0.
PMT

1. (a) Alternative Method 2: Maclaurin Expansion

1
Let f ( x) =
( 9 − 10 x )
1 1
− −
{f (=
x) } (9 − 10 x) 2
(9 − 10 x) 2 B1
5
′′( x) 75(9 − 10 x)
f=
−
2 Correct f ′′( x) B1 oe
3 3
−
( − 12 ) (9 − 10 x) 2 (−10)
−
f ′( x) = ± a (9 − 10 x) 2
; a ≠ ±1 M1

 1 5 75 25 
∴ f (0) = , f ′(0) = and f ′′(0) = = 
 3 27 243 81 
1 5 25 2
f ( x) =+ x; + x + ... A1; A1
3 27 162
PMT

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1
2. (a) Area ≈ × 0.5 ; ×  2 + 2 ( 4.077 + 7.389 + 10.043) + 0  B1; M1
2  
1
= × 45.018 = 11.2545 = 11.25 (2 dp) 11.25 A1 cao
4
[3]
(b) Any one of
• Increase the number of strips
• Use more trapezia
• Make h smaller
• Increase the number of x and/or y values used
B1
• Shorter /smaller intervals for x
• More values of y.
• More intervals of x
• Increase n
[1]
 du 
 u =−2 x ⇒ = −1
{∫ (2 − x)e dx }
2x dx 
(c) ,  
 dv= e 2 x ⇒ v= 1 e 2 x 
 dx 2 
Either (2 − x)e 2 x → ± λ (2 − x)e 2 x ± ∫ µ e 2 x {dx}
M1
or ± x e 2 x → ± λ xe 2 x ± ∫ µ e 2 x {dx}
∫
1 1
= (2 − x)e 2 x − − e 2 x {dx}
2 2
∫
1 1
(2 − x)e 2 x → (2 − x)e 2 x − − e 2 x {dx} A1
2 2
1 1 1 1
= (2 − x)e 2 x + e 2 x (2 − x)e 2 x + e 2 x A1 oe
2 4 2 4
  1 1  
2

Area =   (2 − x)e 2 x + e 2 x  
  2 4  0 
Applies limits of 2 and 0 to all terms
 1 4 1 1 0 dM1
= 0 + e  −  (2)e + e 
0
and subtracts the correct way round.
 4  2 4 
1 4 5 1 4 5 e4 − 5
= e − e − or cao A1 oe
4 4 4 4 4
[5]
9
Question 2 Notes
1 0.5 1
(a) B1 Outside brackets × 0.5 or or 0.25 or .
2 2 4
M1 For structure of trapezium rule [ ............. ] . Condone missing 0.
Note No errors are allowed [eg. an omission of a y-ordinate or an extra y-ordinate or a repeated y ordinate].
A1 11.25 cao
Note Working must be seen to demonstrate the use of the trapezium rule. The actual area is 12.39953751…
0.5 1
Note Award B1M1A1 for (2 + 0) + ( 4.077 + 7.389 + 10.043) = 11.25
2 2
PMT

2. (a) Bracketing mistake: Unless the final answer implies that the calculation has been done correctly.
contd 1
Award B1M0A0 for × 0.5 + 2 + 2 ( 4.077 + 7.389 + 10.043) + 0 (nb: answer of 45.268).
2

Alternative method for part (a): Adding individual trapezia

 2 + 4.077 4.077 + 7.389 7.389 +10.043 10.043 + 0 
Area ≈ 0.5 ×  + + +  = 11.2545 = 11.25 (2 dp) cao
 2 2 2 2 
B1 0.5 and a divisor of 2 on all terms inside brackets.
M1 First and last ordinates once and the middle ordinates twice inside brackets ignoring the 2.
A1 11.25 cao

(b) B0 Give B0 for

• smaller values of x and/or y.
• use more decimal places

(c) M1 Either (2 − x)e 2 x → ± λ (2 − x)e 2 x ± ∫ µ e 2 x {dx} or ± x e 2 x → ± λ xe 2 x ± ∫ µ e 2 x {dx}

∫
1 1
A1 (2 − x)e 2 x → (2 − x)e 2 x − − e 2 x {dx} either un-simplified or simplified.
2 2
1 1 5
A1 Correct expression, i.e. (2 − x)e 2 x + e 2 x or e 2 x − x e 2 x (or equivalent)
2 4 4
dM1 which is dependent on the 1st M1 mark being awarded.
Complete method of applying limits of 2 and 0 to all terms and subtracting the correct way round.
Note Evidence of a proper consideration of the limit of 0 is needed for M1. So, just subtracting zero is M0.
1 4 5 e4 − 5 1 5 1 5
A1 e − or . Do not allow e 4 − e0 unless simplified to give e 4 −
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 4 5
Note 12.39953751... without seeing e − is A0.
4 4
Note 12.39953751... from NO working is M0A0A0M0A0.
PMT

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
3. x 2 + y 2 + 10 x + 2 y − 4 xy =
10
 dy  dy dy  dy 
(a)  =  2x + 2 y + 10 + 2 −  4 y + 4x =  0 See notes M1 A1 M1
 dx  dx dx  dx 
dy Dependent on the
2 x + 10 − 4 y + (2 y + 2 − 4 x) =0 dM1
dx first M1 mark.
dy 2 x + 10 − 4 y
=
dx 4x − 2 y − 2
dy x + 5 − 2y  − x − 5 + 2y 
Simplifying=
gives =   A1 cso oe
dx 2x − y − 1  − 2x + y + 1
[5]
 dy 
(b)  = 0 ⇒ x + 5 −2y = 0 M1
 dx 
So =
x 2y − 5 ,
(2 y − 5) 2 + y 2 + 10(2 y − 5) + 2 y − 4(2 y − 5) y =
10 M1
4 y − 20 y + 25 + y + 20 y − 50 + 2 y − 8 y + 20 y =
2 2 2
10
3 y 2 − 22 y + 35 {= 0}
gives − 3 y 2 + 22 y − 35 =
0 or 3 y 2 − 22 y + 35 =
0 A1 oe
see notes
(3 y − 7)( y −
= =
5) 0 and y ... Method mark for solving a
ddM1
quadratic equation.
7 7
y= ,5 { y =} , 5 A1 cao
3 3
[5]
Alternative method for part (b)
 dy 
(b)  = 0 ⇒ x + 5 − 2 y = 0 M1
 dx 
x+5
So y = ,
2
 x + 5  x + 5  x + 5
2

x +
2
 + 10 x + 2   − 4x  =
10 M1
 2   2   2 
x 2 + 10 x + 25
x2 + + 10 x + x + 5 − 2 x 2 − 10 x =10
4
4 x 2 + x 2 + 10 x + 25 + 40 x + 4 x + 20 − 8 x 2 − 40 x = 40
3 x 2 − 14 x − 5 {=0}
gives − 3 x 2 + 14 x + 5 =0 or 3 x 2 − 14 x − 5 =0 A1 oe
see notes
(3 x + 1)( x − 5)= 0, x= ...
Solves a quadratic and finds
−1 + 5 5 + 5 ddM1
y= 3 , at least one value for y.
2 2
7 7
y= ,5 { y =} ,5 A1 cao
3 3
[5]
10
PMT

Question 3 Notes
dy dy dy  dy 
3. (a) M1 Differentiates implicitly to include either ± 4 x or y 2 → 2 y or 2 y → 2 . (Ignore  =  ).
dx dx dx  dx 
dy dy
A1 x 2 + y 2 + 10 x + 2 y → 2 x + 2 y + 10 + 2 and 10 → 0
dx dx
dy
M1 − 4 xy → ± 4 y ± 4 x
dx
Note If an extra term appears then award 1st A0.
dy dy dy dy dy dy
Note 2 x + 2 y + 10 + 2 − 4 y − 4x → 2 x + 10 − 4 y = − 2y − 2 + 4x
dx dx dx dx dx dx
will get 1st A1 (implied) as the " = 0" can be implied by rearrangement of their equation.
dM1 dependent on the first method mark being awarded.
dy dy
An attempt to factorise out all the terms in as long as there are at least two terms in .
dx dx
x + 5 − 2y − x − 5 + 2y
A1 or (must be simplified).
2x − y − 1 − 2x + y + 1
cso: If the candidate’s solution is not completely correct, then do not give this mark.

dy dx
(b) M1 Sets the numerator of their equal to zero (or the denominator of their equal to zero) oe.
dx dy
NOTE If the numerator involves one variable only then only the 1st M1 mark is possible in part (b).
M1 Substitutes their x or their y into the printed equation to give an equation in one variable only.
A1 For obtaining either − 3 y 2 + 22 y − 35 {= 0} or 3 y 2 − 22 y + 35 {= 0}
Note This mark can also awarded for a correct three term equation, eg. either − 3 y 2 + 22 y =
35
− 35 or 3 y 2 + 35 =
3 y 2 − 22 y = 22 y are all fine for A1.
ddM1 Dependent on the previous 2 M marks.
See notes at the beginning of the mark scheme: Method mark for solving a 3 term quadratic
• (3 y − 7)( y − 5) =0 ⇒ y =...
22 ± (− 22) 2 − 4(3)(35)
• y=
2(3)
2
22 35  11  121 35
• y2 − y− = 0 ⇒ y −  − + = 0 ⇒ y = ...
3 3  3 9 3
• Or writes down at least one correct y- root from their quadratic equation.
This is usually found from their calculator.
x+5
Note If a candidate applies the alternative method then they also need to use their y =
2
in order to find at least one value for y in order to gain the final M1.
7 7 1
A1 y = , 5 . cao. (2.33 or 2.3 without reference to or 2 is not allowed for this mark.)
3 3 3

Note It is possible for a candidate who does not achieve full marks in part (a), (but has a correct numerator
dy
for ) to gain all 5 marks in part (b).
dx
PMT

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
25 A B C
4. (a) ≡ + 2 +
x (2 x + 1)
2
x x (2 x + 1)
At least one of “B” or “C” correct. B1
Breaks up their partial fraction correctly into
= =
B 25, C 100
three terms and both " B " = 25 and "C " = 100. B1 cso
See notes.
25 ≡ Ax(2 x + 1) + B (2 x + 1) + Cx 2
x = 0, 25 = B

x= − ,
1
25=
1
C ⇒ C= 100 Writes down a correct identity and attempts to
2 4 find the value of either one of “A”, “B” or “C”. M1
x 2 terms : =0 2A + C
0= 2 A + 100 ⇒ A = − 50
x2 : 0 =
2A + C , x : 0 = A + 2B ,
constant : 25 = B
Correct value for “A” which is found using a
leading to A = − 50 correct identity and follows from their partial A1
fraction decomposition.
 25 50 25 100  [4]
 2 ≡ − + 2 + 
 x (2 x + 1) x x (2 x + 1) 
2
 
∫
 
2 5
∫
For π 
4

 x (2 x + 1) 
5
(b) V =π   dx B1
 
1  x (2 x + 1) 
Ignore limits and dx . Can be implied.
For their partial fraction
 
∫ ∫
25 50 25 100 A
 2 dx = − + 2 + dx  Either ± → ± a ln x or ± a ln k x or
 x (2 x + 1) x x (2 x + 1)  x
M1
B C
25 x −1
100 ± 2 → ± b x −1 or → ± c ln(2 x + 1)
= − 50ln x + + ln(2 x + 1) {+ c} x (2 x + 1)
(−1) 2
At least two terms correctly integrated A1ft
All three terms correctly integrated. A1ft
   
4

∫
4
25 25
 dx = − 50ln x − + 50ln(2 x + 1)  
1 x (2 x + 1)   1 
2
 x
Applies limits of 4 and 1
 25 
= − 50ln 4 − + 50ln 9  − ( 0 − 25 + 50ln 3) and subtracts the correct dM1
 4  way round.
25
= 50ln 9 − 50ln 4 − 50ln 3 − + 25
4
 3  75
= 50ln   +
4 4
75 3  75  3 
So, V = π + 50π ln   or allow π  + 50ln    A1 oe
4 4  4  4 
[6]
10
PMT

Question 4 Notes
4. (a) BE CAREFUL! Candidates will assign their own “A, B and C” for this question.
B1 At least one of “B” or “C” are correct.
B1 Breaks up their partial fraction correctly into three terms and both " B " = 25 and "C " = 100.
Note If a candidate does not give partial fraction decomposition then:
• the 2nd B1 mark can follow from a correct identity.
M1 Writes down a correct identity (although this can be implied) and attempts to find the value of either
one of “A” or “B ” or “C ”.
This can be achieved by either substituting values into their identity or
comparing coefficients and solving the resulting equations simultaneously.
A1 Correct value for “A” which is found using a correct identity and follows from their partial fraction
decomposition.
Note If a candidate does not give partial fraction decomposition then the final A1 mark can be awarded for
a correct “A” if a candidate writes out their partial fractions at the end.

Note The correct partial fraction from no working scores B1B1M1A1.

Note A number of candidates will start this problem by writing out the correct identity and then attempt to
find “A” or “ B” or “C”. Therefore the B1 marks can be awarded from this method.
25 B C
Note Award SC B1B0M0A0 for ≡ 2 + leading to " B " = 25 or "C " = 100
x (2 x + 1)
2
x (2 x + 1)

2
 
∫ ∫
5 25
B1 For a correct statement of π  or π
 x (2 x + 1) 
(b) . Ignore limits and dx. Can be implied.
  x (2 x + 1)
2

Note The π can only be recovered later from a correct expression.

For their partial fraction, (not their partial fraction ) , where A, B ,C are “their” part (a) constants
A B C
M1 Either ± → ± a ln x or ± 2 → ± b x −1 or → ± c ln(2 x + 1) .
x x (2 x + 1)
B B
Note 2
→ which integrates to B ln x is not worthy of M1.
x x
A B C
A1ft At least two terms from any of ± or ± 2 or correctly integrated. Can be un-simplified.
x x (2 x + 1)
A B C
A1ft All 3 terms from ± , ± 2 and correctly integrated. Can be un-simplified.
x x (2 x + 1)
Note The 1st A1 and 2nd A1 marks in part (b) are both follow through accuracy marks.
dM1 Dependent on the previous M mark.
Applies limits of 4 and 1 and subtracts the correct way round.
75 3  3  75
A1 Final correct exact answer in the form a + b ln c . i.e. either π + 50π ln   or 50π ln   + π
4 4 4 4
 9  75 75 4 75 9
or 50π ln   + π or π − 50π ln   or π + 25π ln   etc.
 12  4 4 3 4  16 
 75  3 
Also allow π  + 50ln    or equivalent.
 4  4 
Note A candidate who achieves full marks in (a), but then mixes up the correct constants when writing
their partial fraction can only achieve a maximum of B1M1A1A0M1A0 in part (b).
Note The π in the volume formula is only required for the B1 mark and the final A1 mark.
PMT

4. (b) Alternative method of integration

2
 
∫

2
 5
∫
For π 
4

 x (2 x + 1) 
5
V =π   dx B1
 
1  x (2 x + 1) 
Ignore limits and dx . Can be implied.

∫ x (2x + 1) dx ; u =
25 1 du 1
2
⇒ =
− 2
x dx x
− 25 − 25 − 25 u 2 +u − 2
=
∫ ( + 1) du = ∫ ( ) du = ∫ (2 + u) du =
2
u
2+u
u
− 25
∫ (2 + u) du

β
Achieves ± α ± and integrates to give
M1 (k + u )

∫
2 either ± α u or ± β ln (k + u )
=
− 25 1 − du =
− 25 (u − 2ln(2 + u ))
(2 + u ) A1 Dependent on the M mark.
Either − 25u or 50ln(2 + u )
A1 −25 (u − 2ln(2 + u ))
 1 

∫
4
25
 [ 25u + 50ln(2 + u )]14 
dx =−
 1 x (2 x + 1)
2

Applies limits of 14 and 1 in u or 4 and 1 in x
 25  9 
= − + 50ln    − ( − 25 + 50ln 3) dM1 in their integrated function and subtracts the correct
 4  4  way round.
9 25
= 50ln   − 50ln 3 − + 25
4 4
 3  75
= 50ln   +
4 4
75 3 75 3  75  3 
=
So, V π + 50π ln   A1 π + 50π ln   or allow π  + 50ln   
4 4 4 4  4  4 
PMT

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
4 dV
5. (a) From question, V = π r 3 , S = 4π r 2 , =3
3 dt
 4 3  dV dV
V = π r ⇒  = 4π r 2 = 4π r 2 (Can be implied) B1 oe
 3  d r dr
 dV dr dV   dV  dr
⇒  ( 4π r 2 ) = 3
dr
 × =  Candidate's × = 3
 dr dt dt  dt  dr  dt
M1 oe
 dr dV dV  dr 1  3  dV
 = ÷ ⇒ = ( 3) ; = 2  or 3 ÷ Candidate's ;
 dt dt dr  dt 4π r 2  4π r  dr
dr 3  3  dependent on previous M1.
=
When r = 4cm , =   dM1
dt 4π (4)  64π 
2
see notes
dr
Hence, = 0.01492077591... (cm2 s-1) anything that rounds to 0.0149 A1
dt
[4]
dr
(b)  dS dS dr  dS 3  6  8 π r × Candidate's M1; oe
 = × = ⇒ = 8π r × or or 8π r × 0.0149...  dt
 dt dr dt  dt 4π r 2
 r 
dr 3 6
When r = 4cm , =8π (4) × or or 8π (4) × 0.0149...
dt 4π (4) 2
4
dS
Hence, = 1.5 (cm2 s-1) anything that rounds to 1.5 A1 cso
dt
[2]
6
Question 5 Notes
(a)
dV
B1 = 4π r 2 Can be implied by later working.
dr
 dV  dr dV
M1  Candidate's × = 3 or 3 ÷ Candidate's
 dr  dt dr
dM1 (dependent on the previous method mark)
dV
Substitutes r = 4 into an expression which is a result of a quotient of “3” and their .
dr
A1 anything that rounds to 0.0149 (units are not required)
dr
(b) M1 8 π r × Candidate's
dt
A1 anything that rounds to 1.5 (units are not required). Correct solution only.
dr dS
Note Using = 0.0149 gives = 1.4979... which is fine for A1.
dt dt
PMT

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1  0 7  3 1 4 A lies on l1 and
             
6. 1:r
l=  2 + λ  2, l2 : r =  0  + µ  − 5  OA =  2  , OB =  p 
 3  −1  7  4  3 3 B lies on l2
           
(a) {B lies on l2 ⇒ µ =− 1 ⇒} p=5 p =5 B1
[1]
i : 1= 7 + 3µ 
 
(b) {l1 =
l2 ⇒}  j : 2 + 2λ =− 5µ 
 
k : 3 − λ =7 + 4 µ 
e.g. i: 7 + 3µ =
1 Writes down an equation involving
M1
only one parameter.
So, µ = − 2 µ = − 2 A1

Point of intersection is OC =i + 10 j − k i + 10 j − k B1
Finds λ = 4 and either
• checks λ = 4 and µ = − 2 is true for the third component.
B1
• substitutes µ = − 2 into l1 to give i + 10 j − k
and substitutes λ = 4 into l2 to give i + 10 j − k
[4]
(b) Alternative Method: Solving j and k simultaneously gives
Writes down an equation involving
8 14 + 3µ or 23 + 3λ =
= 35 M1
only one parameter.
So, µ =
− 2 or λ =
4 Either µ = − 2 or λ = 4 A1

Point of intersection is OC =i + 10 j − k i + 10 j − k B1
Finds λ = 4 and either
• checks µ = − 2 is true for the i component.
B1
• substitutes µ = − 2 into l1 to give i + 10 j − k
and substitutes λ = 4 into l2 to give i + 10 j − k
[4]
 1  1  0  1   4   − 3 An attempt to find both the
 
(c)
    
AC =  10  −  2  =
        
 8  and BC =  10  −  5  =  5 
(
vectors AC or CA ) M1
 
 −1  3 
   
 −4
 
 −1  3   − 4 
      (
and BC or CB . )
  0   − 3  Applies dot product
    formula between
±   8  • 5    
 
AC • BC  −4  −4 
    (
their AC or CA ) M1
=
cos ACB =
  and their
AC . BC (0) 2 + (8) 2 + (− 4) 2 . (− 3) 2 + (5) 2 + (− 4) 2  
(BC or CB . )
 0 + 40 + 16 56  Anything that
cos ACB = = ⇒  ACB = 27.69446... = 27.7 (3 sf )
rounds to 27.7
A1
 80 . 50 4000 
[3]
(d) Area ACB
1
=
2
(80 )( )
50 sin 27.69446...° 14.696888...
See notes M1
Anything that rounds to 14.7 A1
[2]
10
PMT

Question 6: Alternative Methods for Part (c)

6. (c) Alternative Method 1: Using the direction vectors of Line 1 and Line 2
 0  3
   
d1 =  2  , d 2 =  − 5 
 −1   4
   
 0  3 
    Applies dot product
 2  • −5 formula between M2
d1 • d1  −1   4 
cos θ
= =     their d1 and d 2
d1 . d 2 (0) + (2) + (−1) 2 . (3) 2 + (− 5) 2 + (4) 2
2 2

 0 − 10 − 4 − 7 10 
θ
cos= = ⇒ = θ 152.3054385...
 5 . 50 25 
Angle ACB = 180 − 152.3054385... = 27.69446145... =
27.7 (3 sf ) Anything that rounds to 27.7 A1
[3]
Alternative Method 2: The Cosine Rule
 1  1  0  1   4   − 3 An attempt to find both the
 
    
AC =  10  −  2  =
        
 8  and BC =  10  −  5  =  5 
(
vectors AC or CA ) M1
 
 −1  3 
   
 −4
 
 −1  3   − 4 
      (
and BC or CB . )
 4  1  3
      
Also AB =  5  −  2  =  3 
 3  3 0
     
  
=
Note AC =80 , BC 50 = and AB 18

( 18 ) = ( ) +( ) ( )( ) Applies the cosine rule

2 2 2
80 50 −2 80 50 cos θ M1 oe
the correct way round.
 7 10 
=cos θ =  ⇒ θ 27.69446145...
= 27.7 (3 sf ) Anything that rounds to 27.7 A1
 25 
[3]
Alternative Method 3: Vector Cross Product
Only apply this scheme if it is clear that a candidate is applying a vector cross product method.
 1  1  0  1   4   − 3 An attempt to find both the
 
            
AC =  10  −  2  =  8  and BC =  10  −  5  =  5 
 vectors AC or CA M1( )
 
 −1  3   − 4 
     
 −1  3   − 4 
      and BC or CB . ( )
 0   − 3  i j k  Full method for applying the
       
AC × BC =  8  ×  5  =  0 8 −4 = 24i + 12 j + 24k  vector cross product formula
 −4  −4    between
     −3 5 − 4   
(24) 2 + (12) 2 + (12) 2
(
their AC or CA ) M1
 
sin ACB =
(0) 2 + (8) 2 + (− 4) 2 . (− 3) 2 + (5) 2 + (− 4) 2 (
and their BC or CB .)
 864 3 15 
=
sin ACB = ⇒ = θ 27.69446145...
= 27.7 (3 sf ) Anything that rounds to 27.7 A1
 80 . 50 25 
[3]
PMT

Question 6 Notes
6. (a) B1 p = 5 (Ignore working.)
(b) Method 1
M1 Writes down an equation involving only one parameter.
This equation will usually be 7 + 3µ = 1 which is found from equating the i components of l1 and l2 .
A1 Finds µ = − 2
 1
 
B1 Point of intersection of i + 10 j − k . Allow (1, 10, − 1) or  10  .
 −1
 
B1 Finds λ = 4 and either
• checks λ = 4 and µ = − 2 is true for the third component.
• substitutes µ = − 2 into l1 to give i + 10 j − k and substitutes λ = 4 into l2 to give
i + 10 j − k
(b) Alternative Method
M1 Writes down an equation involving only one parameter.
8 14 + 3µ or 23 + 3λ =
Solving the j and k components simultaneously will usually give either = 35
A1 Finds either µ = − 2 or λ = 4
 1
 
B1 Point of intersection of i + 10 j − k . Allow (1, 10, − 1) or  10  .
 −1
 
Finds λ = 4 and either
• checks µ = − 2 is true for the i component.
B1
• substitutes µ = − 2 into l1 to give i + 10 j − k
and substitutes λ = 4 into l2 to give i + 10 j − k

   

(c) M1 ( ) ( )
An attempt to find both the vectors AC or CA and BC or CB by subtracting.
   
M1 ( ) (
Applies dot product formula between their AC or CA and their BC or CB . )
A1 anything that rounds to 27.7
Note An answer of 0.48336... in radians without the correct answer in degrees is A0.
Note Some candidates will apply the dot product formula between vectors which are the wrong way
round and achieve 152.3054385...° . If they give the acute equivalent of awrt 27.7 then award A1.

( their length AC )( their length BC ) sin ( their 27.7° from part (c) )
1
(d) M1
2
A1 anything that rounds to 14.7. Also allow 6 6 .

=
Note Area ACB =
1
2
80 ( )( )
50 sin(152.3054385...° ) awrt 14.7 is M1A1.
PMT

Question
Scheme Marks
Number

7.
=
dN ( kt − 1)( 5000 − N ) , t > 0, 0 < N < 5000
dt t

∫ ∫ ∫
1 (kt − 1)   1 
(a) =
dN dt =
or  k −  dt  See notes B1
5000 − N t   t  
− ln ( 5000 − N ) =kt − ln t ; + c See notes M1 A1; A1
then eg either... or... or...
+ c ln ( 5000 − N ) − ln t
− kt= kt + c = ln t − ln ( 5000 − N ) ln ( 5000 − N ) =− kt + ln t + c

 5000 − N   t 
− kt + c =
ln   kt + c = ln   e − kt + ln t
5000 − N = +c
 t   5000 − N 
5000 − N t
e − kt + c = e kt + c =
5000 − N =
5000 − N
t e − kt + c
t
leading to=N 5000 − Ate − kt with no incorrect working/statements. See notes A1 * cso
[5]
{t = 1200 ⇒ }
1, N = 5000 − Ae − k
1200 = At least one correct statement written
(b) B1
{t =
2, N =1800 ⇒ } 1800 =
5000 − 2 Ae − 2k down using the boundary conditions
−k
So Ae = 3800
−2 k
and 2 Ae = 3200 or Ae −2 k = 1600
e− k 3800 2e − 2 k 3200 An attempt to eliminate A
=
Eg. = or M1
2e − 2 k 3200 e− k 3800 by producing an equation in only k.
1 3800 3200
= So e k = or 2e − k
2 3200 3800
At least one of A = 9025 cao
 7600    19  
k =
ln   or equivalent eg k ln     7600  A1
 3200    8  or k = ln   or exact equivalent
 3200 
Both A = 9025 cao
  19  
=A 3800(e= ) 3800   ⇒ =  7600 
k
A 9025 A1
 8  or k = ln   or exact equivalent
 3200 
[4]
Alternative Method for the M1 mark in (b)
3800
e− k =
A
2
 3800  An attempt to eliminate k
2 A  = 3200 by producing an equation in only A
M1
 A 

 − 5ln   
 19 
8 
= 
(c)t =
5, N 5000 − 9025(5)e 
 
= = 4400 (fish) (nearest 100)
N 4402.828401... anything that rounds to 4400 B1
[1]
10
PMT

Question 7 Notes
7. (a)
B1 Separates variables as shown. dN and dt should be in the correct positions, though this mark can be
implied by later working. Ignore the integral signs.
M1 Either ± λ ln ( 5000 − N ) or ± λ ln ( N − 5000 ) or kt − ln t where λ ≠ 0 is a constant.
1 1
A1 For − ln ( 5000 − N ) =kt − ln t or ln ( 5000 − N ) =− kt + ln t or − ln ( 5000 − N ) =−
t ln t oe
k k
A1 which is dependent on the 1st M1 mark being awarded.
For applying a constant of integration, eg. + c or + ln ec or + ln c or A to their integrated equation
Note + c can be on either side of their equation for the 2nd A1 mark.
A1 Uses a constant of integration eg. “c” or “ ln ec ” "ln c " or and applies a fully correct method to
N 5000 − Ate − kt with no incorrect working seen. (Correct solution only.)
prove the result=
NOTE IMPORTANT
There needs to be an intermediate stage of justifying the A and the e − kt in Ate − kt by for example
• either 5000 − N = eln t − kt + c
• or t e − kt + c
5000 − N =
• or t e − kt ec
5000 − N =
=
or equivalent needs to be stated before achieving N 5000 − Ate − kt

(b) B1 At least one of either 1200

= 5000 − Ae − k (or equivalent) or 1800 = 5000 − 2 Ae − 2 k (or equivalent)
M1 • Either an attempt to eliminate A by producing an equation in only k.
• or an attempt to eliminate k by producing an equation in only A
 7600 
A1 At least one of A = 9025 cao or k = ln   or equivalent
 3200 
 7600 
A1 Both A = 9025 cao or k = ln   or equivalent
 3200 
 19  8
Note Alternative correct values for k are k = ln   or k = − ln   = or k ln 7600 − ln 3200
8  19 
 3800 
or k = − ln   or equivalent.
 9025 
Note k = 0.8649... without a correct exact equivalent is A0.
(c) B1 anything that rounds to 4400
PMT

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2π 2π
8. x=
t − 4sin t , y=
1 − 2cos t , − t A(k , 1) lies on the curve, k > 0
3 3
π π
(a) {When y = 1,} 1 =1 − 2cos t ⇒ t =− ,
2 2 Sets y = 1 to find t
M1
π π  π  π and uses their t to find x.
k (or x=
) − 4sin   or x = − − 4sin  − 
2 2 2  2
 π  π 8−π π
 When t =
− , k > 0,  so k= 4 − or x or k= 4 − A1
 2  2 2 2
[2]
dx dy
At least one of or correct. B1
dx dy dt dt
(b) = 1 − 4cos t , = 2sin t
dt dt dx dy
Both and are correct. B1
dt dt
dy 2sin t dy dx
So, = Applies their divided by their
dx 1 − 4cos t dt dt
M1;
dy
and substitutes their t into their .
 π dx
2sin  − 
π dy  2  ; = −2
At t = − , = dy
2 dx  π Correct value for of − 2 A1
1 − 4cos  −  dx
 2 cao cso
[4]
2sin t 1 dy 1
(c) = − Sets their = − M1
1 − 4cos t 2 dx 2
gives 4sin t − 4cos t = −1 See notes A1
 π  π
− 1 or − 4 2 cos  t +  ; =
So 4 2 sin  t −  ; = −1 See notes M1; A1
 4  4
 −1  π  1  π
=t sin −1   += or t cos −1  − See notes dM1
4 2 4 4 2 4
= = 0.6077 (4 dp)
t 0.6076875626... anything that rounds to 0.6077 A1
[6]
12
Question 8 Notes
VERY IMPORTANT NOTE FOR PART (c)
(c) NOTE Candidates who state t = 0.6077 with no intermediate working from 4sin t − 4cos t =
−1
nd nd rd rd
will get 2 M0, 2 A0, 3 M0, 3 A0.
 π  π
They will not express 4sin t − 4cos t as either 4 2 sin  t −  or − 4 2 cos  t +  .
 4  4
OR use any acceptable alternative method to achieve t = 0.6077

NOTE Alternative methods for part (c) are given on the next page.
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Question 8: Alternative Methods for Part (c)

8. (c) Alternative Method 1:
2sin t 1 dy 1
= − Sets their = − M1
1 − 4cos t 2 dx 2
2
 2sin t  1
 = ( 4sin
= t) ( 4cos t − 1)
2 2
eg.  or Squaring to give a correct equation.
 1 − 4cos t  4 This mark can be implied A1
( 4sin t + 1) ( 4cos t ) etc.
= by a “squared” correct equation.
2 2
or
Note: You can also give 1st A1 in this method
for 4sin t − 4cos t =
− 1 as in the main scheme.
Squares their equation, applies sin 2 t + cos 2 t =
1 and achieves a
three term quadratic equation of the form ± a cos 2 t ± b cos t ± c =0 M1
or ± a sin 2 t ± b sin t ± c =0 or eg. ± a cos 2 t ± b cos t =
± c where a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0 and c ≠ 0.
• Either 32cos 2 t − 8cos t − 15 =
0
For a correct three term quadratic equation. A1
• or 32sin 2 t + 8sin t − 15 =
0
8 ± 1984 1 + 31
• Either =
cos t = =⇒ t cos −1 (...) which is dependent
64 8 on the 2nd M1 mark.
Uses correct algebraic dM1
− 8 ± 1984 − 1 ± 31 processes to give t = ...
• or ==
sin t = ⇒ t sin −1 (...)
64 8
= = 0.6077 (4 dp)
t 0.6076875626... anything that rounds to 0.6077 A1
[6]
8. (c) Alternative Method 2:
2sin t 1 dy 1
= − Sets their = − M1
1 − 4cos t 2 dx 2
Squaring to give a correct equation.
( 4sin t − 4cos t ) ( −1)
=
2 2
eg. A1
This mark can be implied by a correct equation.
Note: You can also give 1 A1 in this method
st

for 4sin t − 4cos t = − 1 as in the main scheme.

So 16sin 2 t − 32sin t cos t + 16cos 2 t =
1
Squares their equation, applies both
sin 2 t + cos 2 t =
1 and sin 2t = 2sin t cos t and
M1
then achieves an equation of the form
leading to 16 − 16sin 2t =
1 ± a ± b sin 2t = ±c

16 − 16sin 2t =
1 or equivalent. A1

which is dependent
 15  sin (....) −1

sin 2t = ⇒  t = on the 2nd M1 mark. dM1

 16  2 Uses correct algebraic processes to give t = ...
= = 0.6077 (4 dp)
t 0.6076875626... anything that rounds to 0.6077 A1
[6]
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Question 8 Notes
8. (a) M1 Sets y = 1 to find t and uses their t to find x.
π π
Note M1 can be implied by either x or k= 4 − or 2.429... or − 4 or − 2.429...
2 2
π 8−π
A1 x or k= 4 − or
2 2
Note A decimal answer of 2.429... (without a correct exact answer) is A0.
π π π
Note Allow A1 for a candidate using t = to find =
x − 4 and then stating that k must be 4 − o.e.
2 2 2
dx dy
(b) B1 At least one of or correct. Note: that this mark can be implied from their working.
dt dt
dx dy
B1 Both and are correct. Note: that this mark can be implied from their working.
dt dt
dy dx dy
M1 Applies their divided by their and attempts to substitute their t into their expression for .
dt dt dx
Note This mark may be implied by their final answer.
dy 2sin t π π
i.e. = followed by an answer of − 2 (from t = − ) or 2 (from t = )
dx 1 − 4cos t 2 2
dx dy dy dy dx
Note Applying divided by their is M0, even if they state = ÷ .
dt dt dx dt dt
π  3π  dy
A1 Using t = −  and not t =  to find a correct of − 2 by correct solution only.
2  2  dx
(c)
dy
NOTE If a candidate uses an incorrect expression in part (c) then the accuracy marks are not obtainable.
dx
dy 1
1st M1 Sets their = −
dx 2
1st A1 Rearranges to give the correct equation with sin t and cost on the same side.
1 1
eg. 4sin t − 4cos t = − 1 or 4cos t − 4sin t = 1 or sin t − cos t = − or cos t − sin t =
4 4
1
or 4sin t − 4cos t + 1 = 0 or 4cos t − 4sin t − 1 = 0 or sin t − cos t + = 0 etc. are fine for A1.
4
2nd M1 Rewrites ± λ sin t ± µ cos t in the form of either R cos ( t ± α ) or R sin ( t ± α )
where R ≠ 1 or 0 and α ≠ 0
 π  π
2nd A1 Correct equation. Eg. 4 2 sin  t − = − 1 or − 4 2 cos  t +  = −1

4  4
 π 1  π 1
or 2 sin  t −  = − or 2 cos  t +  = , etc.
 4 4  4 4
Note Unless recovered, give A0 for 4 2 sin ( t − 45 ) =
− 1 or − 4 2 cos ( t + 45 ) =
− 1 , etc.
3rd M1 which is dependent on the 2nd M1 mark. Uses correct algebraic processes to give t = ...
4th A1 anything that rounds to 0.6077

2π 2π
Note Do not give the final A1 mark in (c) if there any extra solutions given in the range − t .
3 3
2π 2π
Note You can give the final A1 mark in (c) if extra solutions are given outside of − t .
3 3
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