@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH - LYOL 6

VITHPEÍÀH
Hutrh phg
Hutrh phgthth ejph
ejphrtlg
rtlgtiti bh
bel-l-bel bh `nlvierh å l riphseíàh
bi ci ci`n `nlb
lbur
urls
ls.. Gl ri riphphse
seíà
íàhh
lomu
lomujljlss beji
be jigsgsùi
ùiss bice
bi cegi
gijj
EGRIVSLOH
ixltlj igti h t l-jlgnh bl
ci`nlburl qui bivi sir is`honebl,
sàh iols; `hjprejigth i olrmurl bl
`nlp
`n lpll ti tistl
stl,, frh
frh`l
`l i eg eg-ti
-tirvl
rvloh
oh..
(Cemurl <).
L `nlpl tistl istì besphstl
crhgtlojigti l jìquegl bl ci`nlbu-
rl i suls bejigsùis `hjprejigth i
olrmurl å qui bitirjeglj l ispis-
surl i loturl bl `lexl bl ci`nlburl.ci`nlburl. Cemurl < - H `hjprejigth, olrmurl bl `nlpl tistl, frh`l i egtirvloh sàh istls ls bejigsùis
L frh`l bitirjegl l bestæg`el qui bicegij h tljlgnh bl ci`nlburl.
igtri h `igtrh bh `eoegbrh ltå l `nlpl
tistl. Å phrtlgth l bestæg`el bh thph
bl phrtl lh `igtrh bh curh plrl lohkl-
jigth bh `eoegbrh.
Issl jibebl, `hjh kì vejhs
gist
gi stll oeoeíà
íàh,
h, ph
phbi
bi si
sirr bi 24
24jjjj,, 2929jj
jj
i 99jj.
Pi gàh chr rispietlbl l frh`l
gl riphseíàh bi ci`nlburls, l ju-
blgíl bl curlíàh plrl jlílgitl i
`eoegbrh
`eoegb rh bivibivij j sir lotirlbls.
lotirlbls. @hj
issl lotirlíàh, hs ispionhs tljfåj
sàh bisbisoh` oh`lbh
lbhss jue
juetls
tls viz
vizisis bie
bie--
xlgbh lplrigti l plrti bh ig`lexi
bh `eoegbrh lgtirehr.  (Cemurl 6).
H egt
egtirv
irvloh
loh bit
bitirj
irjeglegl l besbes--
tæg`el bh `igtrh bh `lgnàh lh `igtrh Cemurl 6 - L frh`l å qui bitirjegl l bestæg`el igtri h `igtrh bh `eoegbrh ltå l `nlpl tistl.
bh `uf
`ufhh bl jlí jlílgilgitl.
tl. @nl
@nljl-jl-si
si is`honir
is`hon ir ci`
ci`nlb
nlburl
url i `nl `nlplpl tis
tistl
tl bh-si bl `lexl bl ci`nlburl, oegmÿi-tl,
`lgnàh  l piíl `eoêgbre`l hgbi igtrl jighr, phrqui ce`lrì `hj choml gh pegh
peghmu
muel
elbl
bloeg
oegmÿ
mÿit
itll i `n
`nlv i. (Ce-
lvi. (Ce-mur
murll 0).
l `nlvi. lohklj
loh kljigt
igthh bl phr phrtl,
tl, ejp
ejpibeibegbh
gbh l @hjh phbijhs vir piol cemurl l prðprel
Gh `lsh ispi`êce`h bi riphse- pircietl egstlolíàh. pol`
pol`ll bl `n
`nlv
lvii qu
quii ir
irll th
thtl
tloj
ojig
igti
ti po
polg
lgl,
l,
íàh ls hpíùis plrl l `hjprl bls ci- @hgchr
@hg chrji
ji vej
vejhs
hs gl oeíà
oeíàhh lg-
lg-tir
tirehr
ehr,, å qui lvlgíl-vl i ri`honel l oegmÿitl.
`nlbur
`nl burls ls biv
bivij
ij sir oej oejetl
etlbls
bls ls bhes sàh hs ses sestij
tijlsls bi ci- ci-`nl
`nlbur
burls
ls Thrtlgth gàh phssuêl simribh. @hj l
jisjls jibebls bl ci`nlburl l sir Mhrmi i Uloi. Rrltlrijhs gistl oeíàh bh egtrhbu-íàh bls Mhrmis lghs biphes, hs
sufste
suf stetuê
tuêbl bl hu bi jib jibebleblss phu
phu`h
`h sestijll Mhrmi
sestij Mhrmi.. sesti-
sesti-jls
jls pls
plsslr
slrlj
lj l phs
phssue
suer sim
simrib
ribh,
h, i
jlehris, qui ghs pirjetij lkustlr. H se
sest
stij
ijll Mh Mhrm
rmii ququlg
lgbh
bh ch chee `hgs
`h gsiq
iqÿi
ÿigt
gtij
ijigigti
ti l `n
`nlv
lvii pl
plss
sshu
hu l tir
Ij nepðtisi lomujl, bivi-si `relbh
`relbh irl fls
flstlgt
tlgtii sejp
sejpois
ois `hj
`hjphg
phg-- bigtis i `lvls.  (Cemurl 2).

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 6 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 MHVMIP @HJ
BIGRIP I @LSLP

Cemurl 2 - @nlvi Mhrmi `hj bigtis i `lvls.

Cemurl 0 - Pestijl Mhrmi sij simribh.

Jhol bi rithrgh bh treg`h Jhol bi rithrgh bh qulbrlgti

@HJTHGIGRIP BL
CI@NLBYVL MHVMI Lolvlg`l l`ehglbl pioh
Bi uj clfre`lgti plrl hutrh qulbrlgti qui puxl h treg`h
bitlonis i chrjlths bls piíls ph- Mhrmis
bij lotir
lotirlr,
lr, jls gh mirlo
mirlo phssuij
phssuij
hs jisjhs `hjphgigtis i preg`ê- treg`h
pehs bi cug`ehgljigth.  (Cemurl 9).
\ulbrlgti Tegh trlvl
TVEG@ÊTEH BI Jhol bl Mhrmi
CYG@EHGLJIGRH BH
PEPRIJL BI RVEG@H Oegmuitl
H `hgkugth bh treg`h å `hj-
phsth pioh treg`h i qulbrlgti hgbi Cemurl 9 - @hjphgigtis bl ci`nlburl mhrmi.
sàh `hoh`lbls
`hoh`lbls ls jlílg
jlílgitls,
itls, lol-
vlg`l `hgkuomlbl `hj h qulbrlgti, Jhol bi rithrgh bh treg`h Lolvlg`l l`ehglbl pioh
qulbrlgti qui puxl h
jhol bh treg`h i jhol bi rithrgh bh treg`h treg`h
treg`h
qulbrlgti.
Thrtl ci`nlbl, h sestijl ce`l
ij phseíàh bi bis`lgsh, `hgchrji
jhstrl l  cemurl 3.
Tlrl ri`honir h treg`h gl l-
Tlribi bl `lexl
firturl bl phrtl, l jlílgitl å l`eh-
glbl. \ulbrlgti
Pigbh l`ehglbl iol h`lsehgl
ltrlvås bl lolvlg`l `hgkuomlbl `hj Jhol bi rithrgh bh qulbrlgti
h qulbrlgti, qui h treg`h sikl puxl-
bh. Thseíàh ghrjlo bh treg`h Thseíàh bh treg`h ri`honebh
Lh shotlr l jlílgitl h `hg-
THVRL LFIVRL THVRL CI@NLBL
 kugth vhotl plrl l phseíàh bi bis-
`lgsh. (Cemurl 3) . Cemurl 3 - Cug`eh
Cug`ehgljigt
gljigthh bh sestijl bi treg`h.
treg`h.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 0 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 TVEG@ÊTEH BI gls `lvls ejpuoshrls bls oegmÿitls, Mhrmis qui bis`ij trlvlgbh ghvl-
CYG@EHGLJIGRH BH clíl h lvlgíh bl oegmÿitl. ( Cemurl jigti l oegmÿitl lmhrl `hj l phrtl
PEPRIJL MHVMI <<F). L `nlv
`nlvii lh bis`ir
bis`ir plrl `hj-
`hj- ci`nlbl. Sikl hs prh`ibejigths gl
Ls ci`ci`nl
nlbu
burlrlss bh sessestij
tijll poitlr l vhotl <>4´(mrlus), oefirl ls cemurls <<- L / F i @.
Mhrmi phbij sir, bi Mhrmi ûge`l
hu sij si simr
mrib
ibh,
h, i ls bi Mhrmi Mhrmi
jûote-pols `hj simribh.  (Cemurl =).
Gh `lsh bl Mhrmi ûge`l ixes-
ti lpigls ujl Mhrmi, phbi hu gàh
phssuer hutrls qui sð sirvij plrl
`hjpoitlr isplíh igtri l Mhrmi prh-
prel
pr elji
jigtgtii be
betl
tl i l oeg oegmÿ
mÿit
itl.
l. Pà
Pàhh
`nljlbls bi giutrls.  (Cemurl >). Ls
Mhr mis phbij t ir c hr -jls
beciri
bec irigti
gtis,s, jls tij `hj `hjhh ûge
ûge`l`l
cegloeblbi, ‟clzir‚ h simribh bl ci- Mihrmi ûge`l Mihrmi jûotepol
jûotepols
s
`nlburl. Sikl lomujls bi suls chr- Cemurl =-  Ci`nlburls bh sestijl Mhrmi.
jls gl  cemurl 5.
Ls ci`nlburls Mhrmis jûote- Oegmÿitl
pols phbij tir 0, 2 hu jles Mhrmis, Mhrmi giutrl
plrl chrjlr h simribh. Mhrmi
Gh `lsh bi `hcris lgtemhs `u-
 kh sestijl bi ci`nlburl å Mhrmi ij
mirlo istls phssuij 3 Mhrmis.
Ls Mhrmis `hjh bessijhs, å
qui `hgstetuij h simribh i sirvij
plrl "trlvlr" l oegmÿitl gl phseíàh l-
firtl hu ci`nlbl. Sikl gl  cemurl <4,
Mhrmi giutrl Mhrmi ghrjlo
ls piíls qui `hjpùij h sestijl
Mhrmi bi simribh. Isti sestijl gàh
hciri`
hci ri`ii ujl mrl mrlgbi
gbi vlrvlreib
eiblbi
lbi bi
Cemurl >-  Mhrmi ûge`l (`nljlbl bi giutrl).
simribhs, loeìs å fij lh `hgtrìreh
sàh phuphuquês
quêssejh
sejhss hs sim simrib
ribhs,
hs,
`hjh sirì jhstrlbh ohmh jles.
@hgni`ebh
@hgn i`ebhss hs `hjph
`hjphgigti
gigtiss Jhol
vikljhs hs preg`êpehs bi cug`ehgl- Jhol Å ejphrtlgti slfir qui
jigth bhs jisjhs. Hfsirvi gl ce- `lbl bigti hu `lvl bl `nlvi
murl <<-L, qui l oegmÿitl istì ri`h- pri`esl tir l olrmurl bl Mhrmi
Jhol
onebl, phrtlgth phrtl lfirtl. Lh sir qui vle oivlgtlr. @lsh esth gàh
egtrhbuzebl l `nlvi, istl å merlbl gh h`hrrl l `nlvi phbi oivlgtlr
sigtebh bi lvlgílr l oegmÿitl plrl b u ls Mh rm is lh jisjh
ci`nlr. tijp h , pr ik ub e `lg b h h
Lh `h `hjp
jpoi
oitl
tlrr ¿ bi vh vhototl,
l, cug`
cu g`eh
ehgl
glji
jigt
gthh bi th thbh
bh h
54´(mrlus) ls `lvls i hs bigtis bl ji`lgesjh.
Jhbirgl
jisjl, vàh oivlgtlgbh ls Mhrmis, @hcri
qui si bistrlvlj bh pegh trlvl bls
Mhrmis
Mhr mis.. Tir
Tirjet
jetegb
egbhh lss
lssej
ej qui h
bigti trlthr bl `nlvi ig`lexlgbh-si Cemurl 5-  Lomujls chrjls bi Mhrmi ûge`l.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 2 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Tegh ig`hsth bls jhols bls mhrmis RETHP BI @NLSIP
Hrbij plrl bisjhgtlr ls Ls `n`nlv
lvis
is plplrl
rl h se
sest
stij
ijll
Tegh muel bl oegmÿitl mhrmis
Mhrmi ûge`l, mirlojigti vëj `hj
ujl hu buls `lvls, jls qui gl ril-
2 oeblbi bi glbl vloij, ujl viz qui
Tegh trlvl bl oegmÿitl 0 quloquir `nlvi bi pol`l ritl gl plr-
6 ti supirehr `ukl `lgloitl oltirlo phs-
< sl `heg`eber `hj h rissloth bl igtrl-
bl bl `nlvi l`ehgl siu ji`lgesjh.
2
(Cemurl <6).
0 Tlrl isti teph bi ci`nlburl, h
Oegmÿitl 6 qui vljhs clolr l simuer, vloi tlj-
< fåj plrl ls jhbirgls ci`nlburls
Hrbij plrl jhgtlr ls mhrmis plrl phrtls egtirgls clfre`lbls ltu-
Cemurl <4 - Tiíls qui `hjpòij h sestijl Mhrmi bi simribh.
simribh. lojigti. L lfirturl plrl igtrlbl bl
`nlvi gl `lexl bl ci`nlburl, phssue
L uj rissloth, qui phbi istlr ij 3 hu
Thrtl lfirtl Oegmÿitl ri`honebl
> phseíùis becirigtis.  (Cemurl <0).
@hj essh ispirl h clfre`lgti
bece`uotlr uj phu`h qui l `nlvi `hj
`lgloitls hu creshs becirigtis phs-
slj sirver. Isti å phrtlgth h "simri-
bh" bl ci`nlburl bi Mhrmi ûge`l.
Kì plrl h sestijl Mhrmi jûo-
Pimugbl `lvl ejpuoshrl tepols hs simribhs sàh hftebhs `hj
Trejierl `lvl ejpuoshrl bl oegmÿitl bl oegmÿitl
lssh`elíàh bls `lgloitls hu creshs
Oegmÿitl oltirles bls `nlvis, `hj h chrjlth
Mhrmis jûotepols
F
Bigti bhs bigtis i `lvls.  (Cemurl <2).
Bigti trl
Bigti trlthr
thr bl `nl
`nlvi
vi
Tol`l Rrlthr ig`lexlgbh-
ig`lexlgbh-si
si gls `l- @hjh si phbi lvloelr h gû-
vls ejpuoshrls bl oeg- jirhh bi sim
jir simrib
ribhshs bis
bissl
sl lss
lssh`e
h`el-
l-
Nlsti mÿitl, clz h lvlgíh bl íàh å piquigh (2>) uj gûjirh jue-
oegmÿitl.
têssejh lquåj bh sestijl Uloi `h-
jh virijhs jles lbelgti `hj je-
onlris bi `hjfeglíùis.
Tlrl h sestijl bi Mhrmi jûo-
tepols tijhs 0 (trës) tephs bi cugíàh
@nlvii egtr
@nlv egtrhbuze
hbuzebl
bl bh bigti trlthr.
@nljljhs bi bigti trlthr, l-
quioi
qui oi jle
jless loth
loth,, ris
risphg
phgsìv
sìvio
io pio
pioll
@ jhvejigtlíàh bi lvlgílr hu ri`ulr
l oegmÿitl. Lssej tijhs;
Oefirlbl, ls mhrmis bi-
Oefirlbl, • @nlvi `hj bhes bigtis trl-
s`ij
s`ij trl
trlvl
vlgbh
gbh l oeg
oeg--
mÿitl. Thrtl ci`nlbl. thris ixtrijhs. Istl `nlvi cug`ehgl
piohs bhes olbhs bl ci`nlburl.  (Ce-
murl <9L).
• @nlvi `hj uj bigti trlthr
`igtrlo tljfåj cug`ehgl piohs bhes
Cemurl << 
<<   - Treg`êpeh bi cug`ehgljigth bh sestijl mhrmi. olbhs bl ci`nlburl.  (Cemurl <9F).

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL < 9 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 @lgloitl

@lvls

Cemurl <6-  Mhrmi ûge`l phssue ujl hu buls `lvls. Cemurl <0- Mhrmi ûge`l- risloth becirigtis.

6 bigtis L
trlthris ixtrijhs

< bigti F
trlthr
`igtrlo Cemurl <2-   Mhrmi
Mhrmi jûte
jûtepol
polss - `lg
`lgloi
loitls
tls hu
creshs oltirles bls `nlvis.

BICIERHP JLEP
@HJYGP
Loåj bh bismlsti ghrjlo bhs
`hjphgigtis pioh ush, l shoturl hu
quifrl bh pegh muel bl oegmÿitl, pe-
gh trlvl bl Mhrmis i pegh iexh bls
@ Mhrmis, phbi l`hgti`ir gisti `lsh,
< bigti
trlthr qui h lough tirì qui clzir uj ghvh
crhgtlo pegh i `hoh`ì-oh.
Jls å uj sirveíh qui gàh si
ri`hjigbl, kì qui siu `usth å fij
supirehr l `hoh`líàh bi ujl ghvl
ci`nlburl.
Tegh
L piíl qui jles si bismlstl
å h `ufh bl jlílgitl, qui phbi sir
trh`lbh.
Cemurl <9- Pestijl bi mhrmi jûotepols - 0 tephs bi cugíàh bh bigti trlthr. L quifrl bl jhol bl Mhrmi
Issis bhes jhbiohs bi `nlvis phssue uj sð bigti ejpuoshr crhgtlo i hu l pipirb
rbll bi cocoix
ixef
efeoeoeb
eblb
lbii bl
sàh sejåtre`ls, esth å, ujl jitlbi bl nlsti curlbl, plrl ig`lexlr ij uj jisjl phbi l`hgti`ir. Gisti `lsh
pol`l bl `nlvi å emulo l hutrl jls bi pegh `h-oh`lbh gh `igtrh bh curh bi sul su-fstetueíàh phbi sir cietl bi
chrjl egvirtebl. Pàh uslbls ij ci- igtrlb
igtrlbll bl `nl
`nlvi.
vi. Pàh us
uslbl
lblss ij chrjl rì-pebl i gàh jueth hgirhsl.
`nlburls risebig`eles i `hjir`eles. jðvies
jðv ies,, `h-
`h-cri
criss i sð pig
pigitr
itrlj
lj gl Ixpoe`l-íùis shfri `hjh clzir esth,
L `nlvi bl bl   cemurl
cemurl <9-
<9-@
@, ci`nlburl phr uj olbh (ixtirgh). h lough tirì gh Tlssh l Tlssh <.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 3 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

@HGCI@ÍÀH BI @ÐTELP Gh `lsh bi `ðpel sij jhbioh ci`íàh bi ujl cirrljigtl qui phbi
Pàh ig`hgtrlbls gls ohkls is- hu sikl clzir l `nlvi pioh simribh sufstetuer istl `nlvi. Istubljhs ls
pi`eloezlbls ij jltireles plrl `nl- bls ci`nlburls Mhrmis jûotepols, ri- ci`nlburls bh sestijl Mhrmi. Lmhrl
vierhs, `nlvi vermij plrl ci`nlbu- `hjigbl-si clzë-ol pioh jåthbh phr vljhs ege`elr hs istubhs bh sestijl
rls Mhrmis, loeìs bitlonis shfri esth ejprissàh, pre
preg`e
g`epl
ploji
ojigti
gti ij si Uloi. Lgtis phråj vljhs `hgni`ir
 kì che vesth gh supoijigth qui vh`ë trltlgbh bi `nlvi plrl `hcris lgte- hs `hjphgigtis fìse`hs bi ujl ci-
ri`ifiu bh jhbioh bh `ltìolmh bi mhs `ukl ci`
ci`nlb
nlburl
url gàh phb
phbii sir `nlburl Uloi.
`nlvis, ij qui igsegljhs `hjh si bisjhgtlbl. @hjphgigtis istis gl ltul-
uteoezlr h `ltìohmh bi `nlvis. oeblbi vìoebhs tljfåj plrl h sesti-
Bessijhs tljfåj gl ricirebl LFIVRYVL
LFIVRYVL BI jl Mhrmi, gh qui si riciri lh ji-
oeíàh qui ls jìquegls plrl `hpelr CI@NLBYVL MHVMI `lgesjh
`lg esjh egti
egtirgh
rgh i sij cug cug`ehg
`ehgl-
l-
`nlvis Mhrmis å uj egvistejigth Tlrl lfrer ujl phrtl `hj ci- jigth. Esth phrqui egtirgljigti, ls
bisgi`issìreh, phes qui, ls phu`ls `nlburl Mhrmi ûge`l i ls ltules pl- ltules ci`nlburls bi Mhrmi sejpois
`ðpels gh bel-l-bel bh `nlvierh ph- rl phrtls egtirgls, `ukh ji`lgesjh å ij qui l prðprel `nlvi lvlgíl i ri-
bij sir cietls l jàh, hu jisjh qui h jisjh bl ci`nlburl Uloi, `hgchr- `honi l oegmÿitl, sàh emules, h qui lo-
is`h
is `honë
onë-ol
-olss ig
igtri
tri hs jh
jhbi
biohs
ohs bi ji virijhs lbelgti, prh`ibi-si bl tirl, sàh ls `nlpls oltirles bl `le-
`nlvis prhgtls qui å nhki h qui simuegti chrjl. Lcegl-si l pol`l bi xl, qulgbh h sestijl Mhrmi, phssui
jles l`hgti`i `hj issi teph bi ci- ujl `nl
`nlvi,
vi, l`i
l`irtl
rtlgbh
gbh-si
-si lot
loturl
url i igtrlbl plrl `nlvi Mhrmi, qulgbh
`nlburl.
`nlb url. L `h `hgci
gci`í
`íàh
àh bl `ðp
`ðpel
el ph
phrr olrmurl bl jisjl, plrl qui iol ig- plrl flgnierhs igtrlbl plrl h qul-
jhbiohs i l `hgci`íàh sij jhbioh, tri gl `lexl bl ci`nlburl. brlbh1 i qulgbh bh sestijl Uloi,
plrl ci`nlburls Mhrmi ûge`l, sàh ix- Tlss
Tl sshh l Tl
Tlss
sshh <, bl
blri
rijh
jhss igtrlbl plrl h `eoegbrh hu jhghfoh-
poe`lbls gh Tlssh l Tlssh <. bitlonis bistl lfirturl i bl `hg- `h.  Cemurl <3.

ixtirgl

egtirgl

flgnh

Ispionhs

Flgnh Egtirgl Ixtirgl

Cemurl <3- H qui jhbece`l å l `nlpl bl ci`nlburl, phes h sestijl bigtrh å sijpri h jisjh.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 = EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Gl  cemurl <=  tijhs hs `hj- plrl l cexlíàh bi lomugs `hjphgig- vejigtlíàh bl lolvlg`l bh treg`h.
phgigtis fìse`hs bi ujl ci`nlburl tis egtirghs bl ci`nlburl. <<) Tegh muel bl oegmÿitl - Å
Uloi. 3) Lolvlg`l bh treg`h - Å l uj pegh cexlbh gujl bls oltirles bl
@hjh h lough hfsirvlrì gh piíl risphgsìvio ij ri`honir h ses- `lexl i qui sirvi bi muel i lpheh bl
bi`hrrir bhs istubhs, bisjhgtlgbh tijl bi treg`h piol `nlvi. \ulgbh l `lubl bl oegmÿitl.
becirigtis
becirigtis jlr`ls,
jlr`ls, phbi nlvir pi- `nlvi å l`ehglbl pioh ji`lgesjh <6) Pestijl bi lvlgíh-  Vis-
quigls
qui gls bec
beciri
irigíl
gílss ij chr
chrjlt
jlths
hs i bh treg
treg`h
`h tij issl pií piíl.
l. \ul
\ulgbh
gbh phgsìvio pioh lvlgíh i ri`honejig-
bitlonis, phråj h preg`êpeh bi cug- gàh l`ehglbl gàh tij. th bl oegmÿitl, phr jieh bh bigti ej-
`ehgljigth å h jisjh. =) @lexl -  Tiíl qui lohkl hs puoshr, hu lolvlg`l bi l`ehgljig-
<) @nlpl tistl   - Å l `nlpl ji`lgesjhs egtirghs bl ci`nlburl, th.
crhgtlo bl `lexl bl ci`nlburl. å chrjlbl piols `nlpls oltirles i l <0) Jhols trlvls bl oegmÿi-
6) Tlr
Tlrlcu
lcush
sh trl
trlvl
vl bh `eo
`eoeg-
eg- `nlpl tistl. tl-  Pàh ls jhols qui clzij h sesti-
brh-  Å uj plrlcush, qui igtrl piol >) @ufh bl jlílgitl - Rlj-
jl bi lvlgíh rithrglr lh phgth bi
`nlpl tistl i cexl h `eoegbrh gl `lexl fåj `nljlbh bi  qulbrlgti å l pi-
bis`lgsh, qulgbh l `nlvi `hjpoitl
bl ci`nlburl. íl bh ji`lgesjh bl ci`nlburl qui
l vhotl plrl l phseíàh bi slêbl.
0) Oegmÿitl - Å l piíl qui l- ri`ifi l líàh bl jlílgitl, trlgs-
<2) @eoegbrh -  Å l piíl jles
`ehglbl pioh sestijl bi lvlgíh l- jetegbh-l lh treg`h.
ejphrtlgti plrl h `nlvierh, phes th-
fri hu ci`nl l phrtl. 5) Jhol bh `ufh -  Å l jhol
bhs hs sirveíhs riol`ehglbhs lh si-
2) @hgkugth bi treg`h - @hj- risphgsìvio pioh rithrgh bh `ufh bl
mribh,, `hjh `hgci`íàh
mribh `hgci`íàh bi `ðpel
`ðpels,
s,
phsth pioh treg`h, jhol i nlsti. jlílgi
jlí lgitltl i h `hg
`hgkug
kugth
th bh treg
treg`h,
`h,
9) @ruzitls  - Pàh piíls qui qulgbh si shotl l jlílgitl. `hgci`íàh bi `nlvi pioh simribh, l-
lh jisjh tijph siplrlj ls olti- <4) Tegh bl lolvlg`l -  Tegh firturls it`., istàh beritljigti ri-
rles bls `lexls i sirvij tljfåj quii sice
qu sicexxl i sirvi
sirvi bi iexh
iexh pl rl l jh- ol`ehglbls lh `eoegbrh.

<- @nlpl tistl

9- @ruzitls
2- @hgkugth bi treg`h
>- @ufh bl jlílgitl (qulbrlgti)
3- Lolvlg`l bh treg`h =- @lexl

0- Oegmuitl
6- Tlrlcush
trlvl bh
`eoegbrh 5- Jhol bh `ufh
<4- Tegh bl lolvlg`l

<6- Pestijl bi lvlgíh

<2- @eoegbrh
<<- Tegh muel bl oegmÿitl
<0- Jhols trlvl bl oegmÿitl

Cemurl <=-  @hjphgigtis fìse`hs bi ujl ci`nlburl Uloi.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 > EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 RETHP BI @EOEGBVHP Tlr bi egbipigbigtis; Pàh Feplrtebh;   Pàh `eoegbrhs qui
Hs `eoegbrhs phbij sir bi chr- bhess `hg
bhe `hgkug
kugths
ths bi `eo`eoegb
egbrhs
rhs `hj h qulgbh jhgtlbhs gl ci`nlburl is-
jlths trelgmuolr, ribhgbh, hvlo, it`., jisjh simribh qui cug`ehglj eg- tàh cexlbhs igtri se chrjlgbh uj û-
i bevebij-si ij; bipigbigtijigti uj bh hutrh. ge`h `hgkugth. \ulgbh bisjhgtlbhs
½ Egbipigbigtis ûge`hs Rrlt
Rrltl-
l-si
si bi pl plr,r, ph
phes
es sà
sàhh bl ci`n
ci`nlbur
lburll thrg
thrglj-s
lj-sii egbi
egbipig
pig--
½ Tlr bi egbipigbigtis jhg-tl
jhg -tlbh
bhss ij ci`ci`nlnlbuburl
rlss pl
plrl
rl bigtis. (Cemurl 64).
½ Feplrtebhs phrtls
phrt ls ri-s
ri-sebig
ebig`ele
`eless i `hj `hjir`e
ir`eles,
les, Jhghfoh`hs;   Yj sð `h `hrp
rph,
h,
½ Jhghfoh`hs `uk l ` nlvi bivi l`e hglr h `hj bhes ji`lgesjhs bi simribh e-
@hj ix` ix`iíà
iíàhh bis
bissi
si ûotûotejh
ejh,, ji`lgesjh pihs bhes olbhs (egtirgh mules, plrl l `nlvi cug`ehglr piohs
`uklss `hgb
`ukl `hgbeíùis
eíùis jêgej
jêgejlsls ixeme
ixemebls
bls i ixtirgh) bl phr-tl. (Cemurl <5). bhes olbhs.  (Cemurl 6<).
gl clfre`líàh, bejigsehgljigth, si-
murlgíl i cug`ehgljigth istàh cexl-
bls piol ghrjl  GFV <656>, vìoebl l
plrter bi <550, bl  LFGR, (Lssh`el-
íàh Frlseoierl bi Ghrjls Rå`ge-
`ls), ththbh
bhss hs bibijl
jles
es `e
`eoeg
oegbr
brhs
hs i
jisjh jhghfoh`hs clfre`lbhs lg-
tis bi <550, tëj sius chrjlths i be-
jigsùis istepuolbhs pioh prðpreh cl-
fre`lgti h qui semgece`l ujl mrlgbi
mrlgbi
vlreiblbi
vlrei blbi bi `eoegb
`eoegbrhs.
rhs. Sljhs `h- Cemurl <5-  @eoegbrhs plr bi egbipigbigtis.
gni`ir `lbl uj bissis tephs bi `e-
oegbrhs.
Egbipigbigtis; Pàh `eoegbrhs
ij mirlo uteoezlbhs ij jðvies `h-
jir`eles i `ukl `nlvi sð cug`ehgl
phr uj olbh (h bi chrl). Sikl gl ce-
murl <>.

Cemurl 64- @eoegbrh feplrtebh

Cemurl <>-  @eoegbrhs egbipigbigtis. Cemurl 6<- @eoegbrh jhghfoh`h.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 5 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 @HJTHGIGRIP
BHP @EOEGBVHP I tljpùis
JHGHFOH@HP jhoegnls
Hs `eoegbrhs egbipigbigtis i `hgtrl peghs
Tlrlcushs
feplrtebhs sàh `hgstetuêbhs pioh `hr- peghs simribhs
ph, `lgnàh, bigti ejpuoshr, plrlcu-
shs bi cexlíàh bh bigti ejpuoshr. @hrph
(Cemurl 66). @lgnàh
Hs jhg
jhghfo
hfoh`h
h`hss pio
piohh `hr
`hrph
ph
qui å bupoh; 6 `lgnùis, 6 bigtis ej-
puoshris i buls trlvls bhs bigtis Bigti
ejpuoshris.  (Cemurl 60). Ejpuoshr

PIMVIBH Cemurl 66-  @hjphgigtis bhs `eoegbrhs; egbigpigbigtis i feplrtebhs.

H su`
su`iss
isshh bls ci`
ci`nlb
nlburl
urlss
Ul-oi gh jugbh egtierh si bivi l sul
simurlgí
simu rlgíll biveb
bivebhh l juotep
juotepoe`ebl
oe`eblbi
bi
Rljpùis
bi simribhs qui iol phbi prhphr`eh-
jhoegnls
glr. Thbi-si clzir bizigls bi je- @lgnàh
peghs simribhs
onlris bi `eoegbrhs plrl ci`nlburls
bi uj jisjh teph, `lbl uj `hj si-
mribhh becir
mrib becirigti.
igti. Esth å `hgs
`hgsimueb
imuebhh @lgnàh
mrlíls l `hjfeglíàh ghrjlojigti
bi sies tljlgnhs becirigtis bi pe- Bigtis ejpuoshris
ghs. H beæjitrh bissis peghs sàh
Rrlvl bhs
emules, jls l loturl phbi vlrelr bi Bigtis
clfre`lgti plrl clfre`lgti. ejpuoshris
Hs `hgtrl peghs sirvij plrl
Cemurl 60-  @hjphgigtis bh `eoegbrh jhghfoh`h.
trlvlr h `lgnàh i ls jhoegnls plrl
l`ehg
l`ehgì-o
ì-ohs
hs qul
qulgbh
gbh bl ritriterl
erlbl
bl bl @eoegbrh   Glrez
@nlvi Tegh - 2
`nlvi. H simribh cug`ehgl bl si-
@lgnàh
muegti jlgierl;
L piíl `lgnàh å trlvlbl ive-
tlgbh siu merh gh egtirehr bh `eoegbrh
piohs `hgtrl peghs, prissehglbhs pi- Oegnl ‟4‚
ols jhols qulgbh riterlbl l `nlvi.
Esth h`hrri phrqui `hj l rite- @hgtrl pegh `lrritio Jhol
rlbll bl `nl
rlb `nlvi
vi hs peg
peghs
hs sim
simribribhs
hs
bis`ij plrl h `lglo bl `nlvi `relg-
bh isplíh plrl l igtrlbl bhs `hg-
trl peghs ghs `lgles bh `lgnàh.  (Ce-
murl 62).
Tegh tljpl
H bistr
bistrlvlj
lvljigth
igth bh `lgn`lgnàh
àh
plrl qui h sestijl bi lvlgíh bl oeg- Cemurl 62-  Pimribh.
mÿitl phssl jhvejigtì-ol, l`hgti- ississ pe
issi pegh
ghss gl susupi
pirc
rcê`
ê`ei
ei bh `l
`l-- `hrph bh `eoegbrh pirjetegbh h merh bh
`i qulgbh lh `hoh`lr l `nlvi hs pe- gnàh. Loegnljigth isti, bitirjegl- `lgnàh lh qulo istì cexlbh h bigti
ghss si
gh simr
mrib
ibhs
hs si l`l`hj
hjhbhbljlj ij bh "oegnl zirh", `hj essh hs `hgtrl- ejpuoshr, qui å l piíl qui jhve-
suls rispi
rispi`tevls
`tevls `lvl
`lvls,
s, loegn
loegnlgbh
lgbh peghs
peghs tlj
tljfåj
fåj ce`
ce`lj
lj loe
loegnl
gnlbhs
bhs gh jigtl l oegmÿitl.  (Cemurl 69).
@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 <4 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH
 Sikl gl  cemurl 69, h bisignh
bi uj `eoegbrh jhghfoh`h `hj uj
bhs olbhs ij `hrti, hgbi si phbi
vir `hj `olrizl h qui l`ejl che ix-
poe`lbh.

@NLSI RETH ULOI

Ixesti uj mrlgbi gûjirh bi
jhbiohs bi `nlvis Uloi. Tlrl trl-
flonlr h `nlvierh pri`esl tir h `ltì-
ohmhh bh clf
ohm clfre`
re`lgt
lgtii bi `nl`nlvis
vis ver- Cemurl 69- @eoegbrh jhghfoh`h vesth ij `hrti.
migs.Hs
migs .Hs clfre`
clfre`lgtis
lgtis jles `hgn`hgni`e-
i`e-
bhs sàh;  MHOB, KLP, OLGB I PEO-
Ig`hsth hu fohqui
@L.  Sikl gh jhbioh bb `ltìolmh bi
`nlvis ls egstruíùis bi `hjh `hg- @lvls Bigtis
Tol`l
suotì-oh
suotì -oh . H ejphrtlgti
ejphrtlgti gl `nlvi`nlvi å h
ig`hsth i h pirceo bl pol`l.  (Cemurl
63).
Ls `nlvis phssuij legbl lo-
mujlss `lrl
mujl `lrl`tirês
`tirêste`ls
te`ls qui lkubl
lkublj
j
gl sul ebigebigtece`lí
tece`líàh
àh `hjh; berietl, @hstl bl `nlvi
isquirbl, `hstl olrml, jåbel i cegl.
(Cemurl 6=). Cemurl 63- @nlvi Uloi.
Ls `lvls bls `nlvis, `hrris-
phgbij ä qulgteblbi bi `lgles qui
tij h `eoegbrh hu `lbilbh.
Thr ixijpoh ujl `nlvi `hj
9 `lvls semgece`l qui h `eoegbrh hu
`lbilbh, tij 9 `lgles `hj peghs @hstl cegl
@hstl olrml
simribhs `hgtrl peghs i jhoegnls.
Nì lolomu
mujljlss `n`nlv
lvisis qu
quii l-
prisig
pri sigtlj
tlj ujl "`l "`lvl"
vl",, qui å gl
riloeblbi uj bigti, phes ce`l gl prð-
prel loturl bl nlsti bl `nlvi.   (Ce-
murl 6>). isquirbl berietl
Gl cemurl 66, jhstrljhs hs
`hjphgigtis bhs `eoegbrhs i jhgh- Cemurl 6=- @lrl`tirêste`ls qui luxeoelj gl ebigtece`líàh bl `nlvi Uloi.
foh`hs. Sljhs lmhrl lhs bitlonis i
cugíàh bh jisjh gl chrjlíàh bh
@lvl ritl
`hgkugth bh simribh Uloi.
•  @hrph bh `eoegbrh hu jh-
ghfoh`h, `hjh kì vejhs phbij tir
vìrehs chrjlths.
Yj curh ohgme
ohgmetubeg
tubeglo
lo hgbi ig-
`lexl h `lgnàh. Å uj curh ix`ëg-
tre`h plrl biexlr ujl plrti bh `hrph
jlehr plrl hs `lgles plsslgtis.
(Cemurl 65). Cemurl 6>- @lvl bl `nlvi Uloi.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 << EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Sljhs ixijpoece`lr; l `nlvi chr riterlbl iols pigitrlj gh
"Yj biti
bitirjegl
rjeglbh
bh clfre`
clfre`lgti
lgti,, `lgnàh, trlvlgbh-h.  (Cemurl 0</2).
vigbi jigslojigti 644.444 ci`nl- •  Rljpàh,  lpðs l jhgtlmij
burls.
bur ls. Thr
Thråj,
åj, clz
clzigb
igbhh gl jhg
jhgtl-
tl- bhs peghs simribhs, `hgtrl peghs i
mij bhs `eoegbrhs l vlrelíàh bhs pe- jhoegnls bigtrh bhs `lgles `hoh`l-
ghs simribhs ioi `hgsimui 64.444 si h tljpàh prigslbh. Nì lomujls
simribhs becirigtis, phrtlgth bigtrh chrjls bi si tljplr hs `lgles qui
bh ohti bi 644.444, slij <4 ci`nl- virijhs
virijhs gh bi`h
bi`hrrir `ursh..   (Ce-
rrir bh `ursh
burls `hj h jisjh simribh, qui murl 0</9).
Curh ohgmetubeglo hgbi
ig`lexl h `lgnàh. ioi prh`url bestrefuer ij ohkls beci-
rigtis. Gh jës simuegti, ioi thrgl l BICIERHP @HJYGP
Cemurl 65- @hrph bh `eoegbrh. vigbir jles 644.444 ci`nlburls i \ulgbh h lough bisjhgtlr lo-
slij ghvljigti <4 `hj h jisjh mujl ci`nlburl erì virece`lr qui iols
•   @lgnàh,  piíl `eoêgbre`l gl
simribh. I esth vle si ripitegbh, ltå phssuij lomugs etigs `hjh peghs,
qulo sàh `hoh`lb
`hoh`lbhs
hs hs peghs simr
simri-
i-
qui si jubi l loturl bhs peghs si- treg`hs, qulbrlgti, it`., emules lh bh
bhs. Thssue uj `lglo hgbi igtrl l
mribhs". sestijl Mhrmi ûge`l, `hjh tljfåj
`nlvi.  (Cemurl 04).
•  @hgtrl peghs, hu, pegh trl- h ji`
ji`lge
lgesjh
sjh `hj piq
piquiguigll vlr
vlrel-
el-
vl, sàh peghs `eoêgbre`hs, `hj h jis- íàh, jls h jisjh preg`êpeh bi cug-
jh beæjitrh bhs peghs simribhs i `ehgljigth. Loåj bh bismlsti ghr-
loturl ugechrji. Rij supircê`ei egci- jlo bhs `hjphgigtis hs preg`eples
rehr i supirehr polgl. Pàh iois qui bicieths sàh;
trlvlj h `lgnàh, qulgbh bl riterlbl • Teghs bl `lexl, emules lhs
bl `nl
`nlvi,
vi, ijp
ijpurr
urrlbh
lbhss pio
piols
ls jho
jhoe-
e- uteoezlbhs gls `lexls bi ci`nlburls
gnls.  (Cemurls 0</6 i 0</0). Mhrmi, si quifrlj hu si shotlj.
•  Jhoegnls isperles, sàh iols Thbi-si clzir hutrls, jls `hjh kì
qui ce`lj prissehglgbh h `hgtrl pe- che beth, plrl ls Mhrmis jhgitlrel-
Cemurl 04- @lgnàh.
gh, shfri h pegh simribh, lssej qui jigti gàh `hjpigsl.
•   Teghs simr
simribhs
ibhs,, Pàh
tljfåj `hgni`ebhs `hjh pegh bi
gêvio hu pegh `nlvi, siu beæjitrh å
bi 0j0jj j hu 6, 6,2j
2jjj `h`hjh
jh isistì
tì 0</< Tegh simribh
plbrhge
plb rhge-zl bh piol   LFGR, plrl
-zlbh 0</6 @hgtrl pegh oesh
jhghfoh`h
jhgh foh`hs.s. Rij supi
supircê`ei
rcê`ei polgl
gl plrti supirehr i lrribhgblbl gl 0</0 @hgtrl pegh `lrritio
egcirehr, hgbi lssigtl gls `lvls bl 0</2 Jhoegnl
`nlvi.(cemurl0<).
Slrel bi loturl `hgchrji kì che 0</9 Rljpàh
beth bi uj clfre`lgti plrl hutrh, ij-
fhrl gàh sikl ujl becirigíl semgece-
`ltevl. @hjh l `lvl bl `nlvi å cie-
tl ij cugíàh bl loturl, phbi-si uslr
quloquir pegh simribh sij oivlr ij
`hgsebi
`hg sebirlí
rlíàh
àh h clf
clfre`l
re`lgti.
gti. I trl-
flonlgbh `hj 3 hu = loturls beci-
rigtis bissis peghs å qui h clfre- 0</< 0</6 0</0 0</2 0</9
`lgti, `hjfeglgbh-hs `hgsimui u-
jl mrl
mrlgb
gbii vlr
vlrelí
elíàh
àh bi simsimrib
ribhs.
hs.
(Cemurl 0</<). Cemurl 0<-  Teghs simribhs.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 <6 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 •  \ulbrlgti, qui jhvejigtl
h sestijl bi treg`h, `hstujl mlstlr-
si jueth gh ig`lexi bl `lexl, i tir l
lolvlg`l quifrlbl,  cemurl 06. Thbi
sir sufstetuêbl phr ujl ghvl.
Ls bijles piíls bls ci`nl-
burls bh sestijl Uloi loåj bh bis-
mlsti `hjh kì che beth, phbij qui-
Lolvlg`l quifrlbl.
frlr i plrl sufstetuê-ols å pri`esh
`hgci``ehgì-ols. Lê kì igtrl lomujls
nlfeoeblbi
nlfeo eblbiss prhce
prhcessehg
ssehgles
les riol`
riol`ehgl-
ehgl-
bls ä lkustl
lkustlmij,
mij, sirrlonirel,
sirrlonirel, it`.,
phrqui gàh si ig`hgtrl piíls lvuo- Cemurl 06- @ufh bl jlílgitl hu qulbrlgti.
sls plrl `hjprlr. L sufstetueíàh phr
• Teg
Teghs
hs sisimri
mribhs
bhs- @hj h • @hgtrl peghs  - istis egbi-
hutrl å l ri`hjigblíàh.
tijph bi tlgth terlr i pòr l `nlvi, h pigbig
pig bigtis
tis bi sir
sirij
ij oes
oeshs
hs hu teptephh
• @eoegbrh, istl sej å l piíl
ltreth mirlbh phr issi jhvejigth,
jhvejigth, `lrritio tij `hjh preg`eplo bicieth h
jless ejp
jle ejphrt
hrtlgt
lgtii plr
plrll h `nl`nlvie
vierh,
rh,
bismlstl hs peghs simribhs, ls `l- bismlsti pioh ush. Jls gàh si pir-
phrqui prlte`ljigti thbh h sirveíh
vls i bigtis bl `nlvi. `ifi h bicieth. L sufstetueíàh si-rì
bh bel-l-bel bh `nlvierh, istì riol-
Tir`ifi
Tir` ifi-si
-si `olr
`olrlji
ljigti
gti sir cietll qul
ciet qulgbhgbh bl bis
bisjhg
jhgtlmtlmij
ij bh
`ehglbh lh `eoegbrh.
isti bicieth,
bicieth, phes l `nlvi `hjiíl
`hjiíl l `eoegbrh plrl quloquir sirveíh.
Sikljhs;
"lmlrrlr", hu blr trlg`hs, phrqui h • Jhoegnls -  pirbij l iolste-
• Clzir ujl `ðpel bl `nlvi,
`hgtrl pegh chrílbh piols jhols bis- `eblbi hu coixefeoeblbi `hj h tijph
iol vle cug`ehglr lhgbi8
`ij plrl l choml h`lsehglgbh issi bi ush i gàh jles ixir`ij prissàh
Gh  @EOEGBVH
bicieth. suce`eigti shfri hs `hgtrl peghs.
• Clzir ujl `nlvi plrl h `e-
Tlrl tir `irtizl, si isti å h Esthh phb
Est phbii sir pir
pir`if
`ifebh
ebh,, ve-
oegbrh qui gàh l phssul, vle clzir
prhfoijl chríl-si l `nlvi plrl `e- rlgbh-si h `eoegbrh, `hj l plrti bhs
phr hgbi8
jl, si h trlg`h
trlg`h plrlr istì `hjp
`hjprh-
rh- `hgtrl peghs plrl `ejl i `hj l `nl-
Tioh  @EOEGBVH
vlbh. (Cemurl 00). vi gh egtirehr bh `lgnàh. Gisti `lsh
• Clzir ujl jublgíl bi si-
h `lgnàh jisjh `hj l `nlvi ce`l
mribh vh`ë l clz gh8
trlvlbh.
@EOEGBVH
Ejphrtlgti; Isti tisti bi bi-
• Clzir ugece`líàh bh simribh
bi vìr
vìrels
els ci`n
ci`nlbu
lburls
rls,, trlf
trlflon
lonl-si
l-si cieth, sð cug`ehgl ij ci`nlburls, `u-
ij vìrehs8  kl jhgtlmij gl phrtl å cietl `hj
@EOEGBVHP `hgtrl peghs i jhoegnls gl plrti su-
• Jistrlmij si clz ghs8 pirehr bh `hrph bh `eoegbrh. Pi h `eoeg-
@EOEGBVHP brhh ch
br chrr bi jhjhgtgtlm
lmij
ij jl jles
es us
usululoo
Thrtlgth
Thrtl gth sij bûvebl
bûvebl istì
istì å l `hj ls jhoegnls i `hgtrl peghs gl
piíl jles ejphrtlgti plrl h `nlvie- plrti egcirehr bh `hrph bh `eoegbrh, h
rh. bicieth lplri`i, lssej qui l choml
biexlbl piol jhol sij coixefeoeblbi,
HP TVEG@ETLEP
TVEG@ETLEP BICIERHP
BICIER HP phes h prðpreh pegh simribh trlvl.
BHP (Cemurl 02).   Tlrl `hrremer h bicieth
@EOEGBVHP PÀH; bl cemurl 00, h`lsehglbh pioh bis-
• Choml gh lohkljigth bh `l- mlsti bl `nlvi, ujl lotirgltevl å cl-
gnàh- \ulgbh esth l`hgti`i, l `nlvi zir ujl `ðpel`ðpel bi `nlvi
`nlvi `hj ls `l-
jhvejigtl h `lgnàh plrl flexh, plrl vls jles lotls bi jles hu jighs
`ejl, plrl l berietl i plrl isquirbl. Cemurl 00- @eoegbrh `hj bicieth. 4,9 jeoêjitrhs.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 <0 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Ixesti tljfåj `eoegbrhs egbi-
pigbigtis rhsquilbhs gl `lexl bl
ci`nlburl. Gisti `lsh lpðs shotlr h
plrlcush i virece`lr qui ioi pirjl-
gi`ii cerj
gi` cerji,
i, å gi`
gi`iss
issìre
ìrehh bis
bisrhs
rhs--
quilr plrl l isquirbl `hjh si chs-
si uj plrlcush.  (Cemurl 0=).

Jhol Mlstl
Cemurl 02- Jhoegnls pirbij l iolste`eblbi hu coixefeoeblbi `hj h tijph bi ush.
Vhs`l
@hoh`l-si issl `nlvi gh `l-
gnàhh i ixp
gnà ixpire
irejig
jigtlj
tljhs,
hs, si mer
merlr
lr
fij, istì rishovebh, `lsh `hgtrìreh
vì blgbh rìpebls oejlbls i ixpire-
jigti
ji gti ltå si
siuu pir
pircie
cieth
th cug
cug`eh
`ehgl
gl--
jigth.
L oufrece`líàh bh `hgkugth bh
simribh å cietl `hj mrlceti, gàh si Tlrlcush
bivi uslr ðoih hu hutrh oufrece`lgti. Cemurl =-  @eoegbrh egbipigbigti rhsquilbh
@hj h tijph l mrlceti, jles
phierl i ujeblbi chrjlj ujl plstl Yj jhg jhghfoh
hfoh`h
`h `hj
`hjpoe`
poe`lbh
lbh
gh egtirehr bhs `lgles trlvlgbh ls plrll sler å h qui phssue
plr phssue bigti
bigti ej-
ej-
jhols. puoshr hu lolvlg`l bi l`ehgljigth,
L shouíàh å biexlr h `eoegbrh Cemurl 09-  Cexlíàh bh `eoegbrh gl ci`nlburl. qui ce`l ij phseíàh hfoêqul, lpðs l
ij flgnh bi quirhsigi, phr lomu- riterlbl bl `nlvi. @hgvåj risslotlr
jls nhrls qui rishovi h prhfoijl. qui issl gàh å l phseíàh ghrjlo bl
@lsh esth gàh h`hrrl sirì gi`issì- jlehrel
jleh rel bhs jhgjhghfo
hfoh`h
h`hss (ph
(phseíà
seíàhh
reh l bisjhgtlmij bh `eoegbrh. ghrjlo-virt
ghrjl o-virte`lo),
e`lo), phrtl
phrtlgth
gth lh bipl
bipl--
rlrjhs `hj uj jhghfoh`h bissi te-
CHVJLP BI CE^LÍÀH ph, sul riterlbl lpðs shotlr h plrl-
BH @EOEGBVH GLP cush, (tigbh l `nlvi), merl-si oigtl-
CI@NLBYVLP jigti h `lgnàh `hj l jisjl chr-
Rhbh `eoegbrh å cexlbh l ci`nl- ílgbh h jhghfoh`h plrl sler.
burl phr uj plrlcush qui si ig`hg- \ulgbh h bigti ejpuoshr ce`lr
trl gl `nlpl tistl bl jisjl. Vijh- gl phseíàh virte`lo ioi sle. @lsh gàh
vebh issi plrlcush h `eoegbrh sle cl- tignl l `nlvi, å pri`esh ijprimlr l
`eojigti,
`eoji gti, preg`
preg`eploj
eplojigti
igti hs jhgh
jhgh-- je`nl i tigtlr merlr h `lgnàh `hj
foh`hs. (Cemurl 09). cirrlji
cirrljigtlgtlss prð
prðprel
prelss bi lfi
lfirtur
rturl.
l.
Gh `lsh bi `eoegbrhs egbipig- (Cemurl 0>).
bigtis `eoêgbre`hs, lssej qui shotlr h Pi bi thbh gàh `hgsimuer ëxe-
plrlcush i ghtlr qui ioi ce`hu oevri, th, l shouíàh ceglo å clzir uj curh gl
jls gàh sle, bë </2 bi vhotl plrl l oltirlo bl `lexl, gl beriíàh bh bigti
berietl hu isquirbl plrl ioi si bi- ejpuoshr `hj ujl frh`l bi 9/<3‚ hu
sig`lexlr bl trlvl.  (Cemurl 03). Cemurl 03-  @eoegbrh egbipigbigti `eoêgbre`h.
> jeoêjitrhs.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 <2 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 L- CI@NLJIGRH THV
RLJTÙIP SEPÊSIEP
Gisti `lsh phr sirij vesêvies
hs tljpùis, phbij sir cl`eojigti
frhquilbh
frhqu ilbhs,s, qulg
qulgbh
bh gi`i
gi`issìre
ssìrehh l-
Curh plrl `lexl
bl ci`nlburl frer hs
hs `lgles.
`lgles. L frh`l l sir uslbuslbll
bivi tir uj beæjibeæjitrh
trh oemier
oemierljig
ljigti
ti
jighr qui h beæjitrh bh tljpàh.
Thseíàh hfoêquel Thr ixijpoh, si h tljpàh chr
bh bigti bi 0 jeoêjitrhs bi beæjitrh, usl-si
ujl frh`l bi gh jìxejh 6,= jeoê-
jitrhs. Hs tljpùis vesêvies ce`lj oe-
Cemurl 0>-  Jhghfoh`h `hj bigti ejpuoshr hu lolvlg`l bi l`ehgljigth. mierljigti lflexh bl supircê`ei bh
Tlrl tlgth å pri`esh istlfi- Thrtlgth vì bisbi kì si pri- `eoegbrh.  (Cemurl 24).
oi`ir h olbh bh curh, riterlgbh h is- plrlgbh plrl trieglr flstlgti `hj
pionh i honlr plrl h egtirehr bl `lexl cirrljig
cirrl jigtlstls bi lfir
lfirturl
turl,, lss
lssugth
ugth
piol piquigl cristl oltirlo lh `eoeg- is-ti
is- ti ququii si
sirì
rì trl
trltlb
tlbhh ij hu hutrl
trl
brh.. Jls bec
brh bece`e
e`eoji
ojigti
gti tir
tirijh
ijhss qui oeíàh.
oeíà h. Ghr
Ghrjlo
jlojig
jigtiti sàh ute uteoezl
oezlbls
bls
`nimlr l issl shouíàh. Ghrjlojig- oæje
oæ jegl
glss bi bigt
gtlb
lbls
ls,, ij ch chrj
rjls
ls
ti `hj l cirrljigtl bi lfirturl, me- trelg
trelgmu
muolr
olris
is hu hg hgbu
buolb
olblsls i bi
rl-si
rl-si h `lg
`lgnàh
nàh plr
plrll vir
virte`
te`loe
loezlr
zlr h phgtl
ph gtlss bev
bevir
irsl
sls,
s, `n`nlj
ljlblbls
ls bi @lgles vesêvies
bigti. je`nls.  (Cemurl 05).

LFIVRYVL PEPRIJL BI
L lfirturl bi ujl phrtl `hj CI@NLJIGRH BHP
`eoegb
`eo egbrh
rh bh sestij
sestijll Uloi bivi
bivi sir @LGLEP
cie-th `hj cirrljigtls prðprels plrl Lpðs l jhgtlmij bhs peghs
e s-t h, i bipigbij j uet h bl simribhs,
simri bhs, `hgt
`hgtrlpeg
rlpeghs
hs i jhoeg
jhoegnls,
nls,
nlfeoeblbi bi quij ls jlgiklr. Gàh qui chrjlj h simribh bigtrh bhs
å glbl plri`ebh `hj h qui si vë ij rispi`tevhs `lgles bh `eoegbrh, å pri-
ce o jis i ghvio ls, ujl `esh ci`nì-ohs. Sìrels sàh ls jlgie-
"cirrljigtegnl je-olmrhsl" qui lfri. rls qui sàh uteoezlbls piols cìfre`ls
plrl issi ci`nljigth.

Cemurl 24- Ci`nljigth phr tljpùis vesêvies

F- CI@NLJ
CI@NLJIGRH
IGRH
THV RLJTÙIP
EGSEPÊSIEP
Hs tlj
tljpù
pùis
is ce`
ce`lj
lj ves
vesêvi
êvies
es
qulgbh lpðs l prigslmij, hs jis-
Cemurl 05- Oæjegls bigtlbls (je`nls). jh ce`lj geviolbhs `hj l supircê`ei

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 <9 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

bh `eoegbrh, qui lh ri`ifir uj l`l- Rljpùis egvesêvies
fljigth, `hjh gequiolíàh hu `rh-
jilíàh,
jilí àh, ioejeg
ioejegll thtloj
thtlojigti
igti qules
qules--
quir egbê`eh bhs tljpùis. Gisti `l-
sh å gi`issìreh oh`loezì-ohs prejierh,
plrl phbir frhquiì-ohs qulgbh gi-
`issìreh. Yjl chrjl prìte`l bi oh- Tlquêjitrh
`loezì-ohs å l simuegti; @hohqui pioh
`lglo bl `nlvi l vlritl bh plquê-
jitrh ltå ig`hstlr gh prejierh pegh,
`hgchrji jhstrl l  cemurl 2<.
@lsh gàh tignl plquêjitrh u- <.9 0

si uj piblíh bi lrlji. Sikl gl is-

`lol bh plquêjitrh h vlohr bissl
jibebl. Gh `lsh bi uslr h lrlji,
Cemurl 2<-  Ci`nljigth phr tljpùis egvesêvies.
thji h vlohr bl jibebl piol råmul.
Sljhs l têtuoh bi ixijpoh, be-
Gàh isquiíl qui plrl ig`hgtrlr 
zir qui l jibebl bissl bestæg`el h `igtr
`igtrh,
h, vh`ë bivi l`ris
l`ris`igt
`igtlr 
lr 
igtri l igtrlbl bh `lglo bl `nlvi i lp ðs
ðs l jlr `l
`l l jitlb i bh
beæjitrh bh `lglo.
h prejierh pegh simribh å bi trës je-
oêjitrhs. Rrlgsphrtl-si issl jibebl
plrl h olbh, hgbi si oh`loezlj hs
tljpùis, i clíl ujl jlrquegnl.  (Ce-
murl 26).
Issl
Is sl jljlr`r`l,
l, rip
ripri
risi
sigtl
gtl h
egê`eh bh prejierh `lglo, ohmh plrl
l`nlrjhs h `igtrh bh jisjh, bi-
vijhss l`r
vijh l`ris`
is`igt
igtlr
lr lpð
lpðss l jlr
jlr`l,
`l,
jitlbi bh beæjitrh h `lglo, gh `lsh
bh ixijpoh <,9jj. Cemurl 26-  Rrlgsphrtlr l jibebl bl bestæg`el igtri l igtrlbl bh `lglo bl `nlvi i h prejierh
Hfsirvlíàh; Pi h `eoegbrh chr pegh plrl h olbh hgbi istl oh`loezlbh hs tljpùis.
lgtemh, i trlflonlr `hj peghs simri-
bhs `ukh beæjitrh sikl bi 0jj, is-
sl jibebl bivi sir lujigtlbl ij
<,9jj.
Honlgbh pioh `lglo bl `nlvi
ebigte
ebigtece`
ce`l-s
l-sii h beæ
beæjit
jitrh
rh bhs peg
peghs
hs
simribhs.
Tlquêjitrh
L`ris`igtl
L`ris `igtlgbh-
gbh-si
si <,9jj lh
0jj, tijhs 2,9jj, qui riprisigtl
h `igtrh bh prejierh `lglo hu sikl bh
prejierh tljpàh.
Vipitejhs issl hpirlíàh pl-
rl h simugbh pegh egtrhbuzegbh l vl-
ritl bh plquêjitrh, hu lrlji gh `l- <.9 >
glo bl `nlvi, qui ijpurrlgbh plrl
`ejl h prejierh pegh vle ig`hstlr-si
lh simugbh pegh.  (Cemurl 20). Cemurl 20-  Vipiter l hpirlíàh bl cemurl 26 plrl simugbh pegh.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 <3 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Lbjetegbh-
Lbjeteg bh-si
si qui l jib jibebl
ebl
Ig`hgtrlbh h `igtrh bh simugbh
ig`hgtrlbl sikl bi heth jeoêjitrhs, `lglo.
trlgsphrtl
trlgs phrtl-si,
-si, issl jibeb
jibebll plrl h
9jj
olbh bhs tljpùis, clzigbh-si ujl
9jj
jlrquegnl. L`ris`igtl-si lpðs is-
5.9jj
9jj
sl jlr`l jles <,9jj, i vljhs ig- 2.9jj
`hgtrlr h `igtrh bh simugbh `lglo i
`hgsiqÿigtijigti
`hgsiqÿigtij igti bh simugbh tlj-
pàh qui ce`l l 5,9jj.  (Cemurl 22).
Bitirjeglbh h simugbh `ig-
trh, kì tijhs l bestæg`el bi `igtrh l
`igt
`i gtrh
rh bh
bhss `l
`lgl
gles
es qu
quii å 9j 9jj. j.
Rrlgs-ph
Rrlg s-phrtlg
rtlgbh-s
bh-sii ississll jib
jibeblebl Ltigíàh
bitirjegl
biti rjegl-si
-si h `igt
`igtrh
rh bhs bijles Istl
Istl ch
chrj
rjll bi bi
biti
tirje
rjeglr
glr h
`lgles, qui phbij sir bi 2, 9 hu 3 `igtrh bhs tljpùis, vloi tljfåj
tljpùis. plrl hs `lbilbh
`lbilbhs.
s.
Lpðs l oh`loezlíàh bhs `ig-
Cemurl 22- Rrlgsphrtlr l jibebl ig`hgtrlbl plrl h olbh bhs tljpùis i l`ris`igtlr jles <,9jj
trhs bhs `lgles, trl`i ujl oegnl gl
jitlbi bl ispissurl bh `hrph bh `e-
oegbrh.  (Cemurl 29).
Gh `ru
`ruzlj
zljigt
igthh bis
bissl
sl oegn
oegnll
`hj
`h j ls jl jlrq
rqueg
uegnl
nlss bh
bhss `i
`igtr
gtrhs
hs,, 2.9
pug`ehgi plrl biphes frhquilr hs 0 <.9

tljpùis. ( Cemurl 23L).

@hjh kì bessijhs, lpðs frh-
quilr hs tljpùis, iois sàh bistruê-
bhs sigbh gi`issìreh, phrtlgth sufs-
tetuêo
tetuêohs
hs.. Gls `ls`lsls
ls isp
ispi`el
i`eloezl
oezlbls
bls
9
ij jltireles plrl `nlvierhs, sàh ig-
`hgtrlbhs ‟peghs tljpl‚, `hjh sàh
`nljlbhs i qui phbij sir lbque-
rebhs. (Cemurl 2=).
Thbi-si gh igtlgth, uslr pi-
quigls iscirls bi `nujfh qui sàh Cemurl 29- Rrlílr ujl oegnl gl jitlbi bl ispissurl bh `hrph bh `eoegbrh.
uslbls
usl bls ij `lr `lrtu`
tu`nhs
nhs plr
plrll isp
ispeg-
eg-
mlrbl bi `líl, ig`hgtrlbhs lvuoshs
gls `lsls ispi`eloezlbls ij ique-
pljigths plrl `líl i pis`l.
23L
Gh `lsh bisti `nujfegnh, `u-
 kh beæjitrh bivi sir uj phu`h jlehr jlehr
qui h beæjitrh bh `lglo, flstl `hoh-
Teghs tljpl
`ì-oh shfri h `lglo, i `hj uj jlr-
tioh, ljlssì-oh `hgchrji cemurl 23.
Lh si clzir issl ljlsslburl, h
`nujfegnh pigitrl gh `lglo bi chrjl
prigslbl, chrjlgbh uj tlj-pàh. Lpðs
essh, flstl oejlr h ix`i-bigti qui ce`hu
Cemurl 23- Issl oegnl trlílbl `ruzl `hj ls jlrquegnls bhs `igtrhs, sigbh isti phgth qui vh`ë
gl supircê
supircê`ei
`ei plrl
plrl blr l`lfljigt
l`lfljigth. h. bivi pug`ehglr plrl biphes frhquilr hs tljpùis tljplgbh hs `lgles.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 <= EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Hutrhs jltireles `hjh ceh bi
loujêgeh, bi `hfri, vlritls bi shobl L
 kì uslbls bi beæjitrh oemierljigti
jleh
jl ehrr qu
quii hs `l`lgl
gles
es,, ph
phbi
bij
j si
sirr
uteoezlbls.(cemurl 2=).
Gisti `lsh prigbi-si h jlti-
relo gl jhrsl, i `hj ujl oejl `nltl,
`nlgcrl-si l phgtl bh jltirelo, phr
lprhxejlbl
lprhx ejlbljigt
jigtii ugs qult
qultrh
rh jeoê-
jitrhs ä 29» (mrlus).  (Cemurl 2=/L).
@hrtl-si issl phgtl uj `ig- Ejphrtlgti;
Ejphrtlgti; H frhqui
frhquil-
l-
têjitr
têj itrhh jle
jlehr,
hr, phr
phrtlg
tlgth
th `eg
`eg`h
`h jeo
jeoê-
ê- jigth
jigth bhs tlj
tljpùi
pùiss bhs `lg
`lgles
les
jitrhs, i istì prhgth h tljpàh. bhss `e
bh `eoeg
oegbr
brhs
hs sð si cl
clzz qu
qulg
lgbh
bh
@hoh`lb
@hoh `lbhh ghs `lgles,
`lgles, `hj l F gi`issìrel l sufstetueíàh bi jhols
plrti `nlgcrlbl egtrhbuzebl ghs jis- qui istiklj ijpirrlbls i `hgtrl
jhs, fltijhs `hj h jlrtioh, plrl peghs jueths mlsths. Pi chr gi`is-
qui iois lh si ixplgberij chrjij h sìreh sð rijhvir h `lgnàh plrl
tljpàh, `hjh gh `lsh lgtirehr. jublgíl bi simribh hu `hgci`íàh
Lpðs essh, bë l`lfljigth bl bi `nlvi,
`nlvi, est
esth
h phb
phbii sir cieth
cieth bi
jisjl chrjl qui cieth gh prh`issh chrjl jles tå`ge`l sij l gi`isse-
lgtirehr, hu sikl oejlgbh h ix`issh. blbi bh frhquiljigth.
(Cemurl 2=/F).

@- CI@NLJIGRH BHP
@LGLEP THV
@NLTEGNLP Cemurl 2=-  @hgci``ehglgbh h tljpàh.
Isti sestijl qulgbh gàh trl-
@nlpegnl
vlbh phr pugíhlbls, l `nlpegnl ph- @lglo `hj
bi sir jhvejigtlbl cl`eojigti. pirceo ‟rlfh bi
Gisti
Gis ti sest
sestijl
ijl,, h clf clfre`l
re`lgti
gti lgbhregnl‚
ciz uj `lglo `hj uj pirceo `nljlbh
‟rlfh bi lgbhregnl‚, bigtrh bh qulo
plssl ujl `nlpegnl qui tljpl th-
bhs hs `lgles.
Sikl h sestijl gl  cemurl 2>.
Pi `hjh kì bessijhs, l cìfre-
`l gàh pe`hthu `hj pugíàh hu tl-
onlbierl ls oltirles bh `lglo, issl
`nlpegnl sle ghrjlojigti, qulgbh
chrílbl pioh olbh hphsth l sul ig-
@nlpegnl
trlbl.  (Cemurl 25).  @hj ujl `nlvi
bi ci
cigb
gbl,
l, i ls
lsse
sej
j qu
quii io
ioll sl
sler
er ug
ugss bh
bhes
es
jeoêjitrhs, tirjegl-si bi puxlr `hj h
loe`lt
loe`lti.
i. Isti ses
sestij
tijll å fltfltezl
ezlbh
bh phr
"mlvit
"ml vitegn
egnl".
l". @ls
@lshh phr
phråj
åj ls olt oltirl
irles
es
istikl
ist iklj
j pug
pugíhl
íhlbls
bls,, lê iol sð sle slerì
rì
chrílgbh-si l `nlpegnl `hj ujl cir-
rljigtl phgtelmubl.  (Cemurl 94). Cemurl 2>-  Ci`nljigth bhs `lgles phr `nlpegnl.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 <> EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 @nlpegnl @nlpegnl
Chríls eonlbl

Cemurl 9<- @nlpegnl ‟eonlbl‚.

Pi tlgth gisti `lsh, `hjh gh Å gisti `lglo qui å egtrhbu-
`lsh lgtirehr h lough gàh `hgsimuer zebl l nlsti ohgmetubeglo qui ci`nl
phr lomujl rlzàh sufstetuer phr hutrl hs `lgles. Tlrl rijhvir istl nlsti,
`nlpegnl
`nlp egnl,, ri`
ri`hji
hjigbl
gbljhs
jhs uteoe
uteoezlr
zlr bivijhs ijpurrì-ol pioh ûotejh `l-
tljpùis, ixpoe`lbhs plrl hs sesti- glo. Lssej qui ioi sler ugs bhes jeoê-
Cemurl 25-   Chrílgbh l `nlpegnl pioh olbh
hphsth l sul igtrlbl iol slerì cl`eojigti... jls L i F. jitrhs, `hg`ouêjhs l riterlbl `hj
uj loe`lti.  (Cemurl 90).
B- PEPRIJL BI Ghrjlo
Ghrjlojig
jigti
ti iss
issll nls
nlsti
ti å
CI@NLJIGRH `hoh`l
`hoh`lbl
bl `hj ujl pri prissà
ssàhh oiv
oivi,
i,
BHP @LGLEP THV qui ghs pirjeti terì-ol.
NLPRI OHGMERYBEGLO @lsh esth gàh h`hrrl, phr kì
Gisti sestijl, l cìfre`l clz istlr l jueth tijph gl egtirpårei, i
uj `lglo ribhgbh gh sigtebh ohgme- phrtlgth ijpirrlbl, l`hgsionljhs
tubeglo bh `eoegbrh, hu sikl plsslgbh l frhquilr l nlsti ij thbhs hs `l-
lh ohgmh bi thbhs hs `lgles.  (Cemurl gles `hgchrji  cemurl 92.
96).
Cemurl 94- ...  phråj, si ls oltirles istevirij
pugíhlb
pugíhlbls
ls biv
bivirì
irì sir uteo
uteoezlb
ezlbll ujl cir-
rljigtl phgtelmubl plrl chrílr l slebl bl Nlsti Ohgmetubeglo
`nlpegnl.
Gisti `lsh ij mirlo blgece`l-
si l `nlpegnl, sigbh gi`issìreh ej-
prhveslr hutrl, `hrtlgbh bl `nlpl bl
oltegnl bi ricremirlgti hu `irvikl.
Hutrh
Hut rh tep
tephh bi `nl
`nlpeg
pegnl nl ute
uteoe-
oe-
zlbl plrl tljplr hs `lgles bi lo-
mugs tephs bi `eoegbrhs å h qui flte-
zljhs bi "eonlbl", bivi sir chrílbh Cemurl 96- @lglo bh sigtebh ohgmetubeglo bh `eoegbrh.
phr gh jêgejh trës olbhs kì qui ioi
gàh tij phr hgbi `hr rir..   (Cemurl
`hrrir
9<).  Ysl h jisjh teph bi ig`lexi
‟rlfh bi lgbhregnl‚. Pi gh `lsh lg-
tirehr l phssefeoeblbi bi terlr l `nl-
pegnl,
pegn l, sij blgece`lr, phbigbh
phbigbh sir
rilprhvietlbl å becê`eo, lque gisti `l-
sh å prlte`ljigti ejphssêvio. Cemurl 90- Egtrhbuzegbh l nlsti ohgmetubeglo qui ci`nl hs `lgles.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 <5 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Tlrl lfrer hs `lgles å pri`esh
Nlsti ohgmetubeglo ijpirrlbl frhquilr.
frhq uilr. Esth phrq
phrqui
ui ls rifl
riflrfls
rfls
gàh ci`
ci`nlj
nlj tht
thtloj
lojigt
igtii l igt
igtrlb
rlbll
bhs `lgles, h qui ghs pirjeti egtrh-
buzer ghs jisjhs l phgtl bi uj
rlsquiti, hu jisjh bi ujl tishu-
rl, i rlsplr
rlsplr ioejeglgbh ls riflrfls,
phr sirij ls jisjls bi jltirelo
jhoi.  (Cemurl 93).
Ioejeglgbh ls riflrfls `hj
ujl tishurl

Cemurl 92- Viloezlr h frhquiljigth bl nlsti ij thbhs hs `lgles.

@lsh esth h`hrrl, plrl ci`nl- bhs phr  riflrfljigth   bl igtrlbl

jigth bhs `lgles uteoezljhs hs tlj- bhs `lgles, qui ivetlj l slêbl bls
pùis kì bis`reth
bis`rethss plrl
plrl hs
hs etigs
etigs L i jhoegn
jho egnls,
ls, `hg
`hgtrl
trlpeg
peghs
hs i peg
peghs
hs si-
F. mribhs.
I - PEPRIJL BI Lpðs l jhgtlmij bhs `hj-
CI@NLJIGRH THV phgigtis bh simribh gh egtirehr bhs bhs
TVIGPLMIJ BL `lgles, h `eoegbrh vhotl plrl l prigsl
IGRVLBL BHP @LGLEP hgbi
hg bi uj ujll ci cirr
rrlj
ljig
igtl
tl `ò `òge
ge`l
`l
Isti sesti
sestijl
jl bespi
bespigsl
gsl qulo
qulo-- rifl
riflrf
rfll l ig igtr
trlb
lbll bh
bhss `l`lgl
gles
es..
quir teph bi tljpàh, sàh sufstetuê- (Cemurl 99).
Cemurl 93- Frhquilgbh hs `lgles.

@hjh plrl ci`nlr hs `lgles,

Trigsl
Viflrfl gàh å phssêvio clzir ghvls riflrfls,
uteoez
uteoezljh
ljhss hs jis
jisjhs
jhs tlj
tljpùi
pùiss kì
bis`reths ghs etigs L i F (tljpùis
vesêvies i egvesevies).

C - PEPRIJL BI
CI@NLJIGRH
PIJ RLJTÙIP
Gisti `lsh, hs tljpùis sàh
chrjlbhs bh prðpreh `hrph bh `eoeg-
brh. Esth l`hgti`i phrqui l curlíàh
bhs `lgles qui gàh å plsslgti (chrl
l chrl), å cietl pioh olbh hphsth hgbi
sirà
si ràhh lo
lohk
hklb
lbhs
hs hs `h `hgt
gtrl
rl pe
pegh
ghss i
jhoegnls
jhoeg nls tirje
tirjeglgb
glgbhh lprh
lprhxejl
xejlbl-
bl-
jigti
ji gti bh
bheses jeo
jeoêji
êjitrh
trhss lg
lgtis
tis bi
trlgsplsslr.  (Cemurl 9=).
Cemurl 99- Viflrfljigth bl igtrlbl bhs `lgles.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 64 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 F- RVLSLJIGRH BH
@LGNÀH THV TLVLCY-
PH YPLBH IJ @EOEG-
BVHP EGBITIGBIGRIP
I FETLVREBHP
Curlíàh
Curlíàh plssl
plsslgti
gti
Å ujl chrjl flstlgti prìte`l,
Curlíàh gàh phes usl plrlcush plrl cexlíàh bh
plsslgti bigti ejpuoshr hu lolvlg`l bi l`eh-
gljigth lh `lgnàh.  (Cemurl 34).
Gl rijhíàh bhs plrlcushs, å
riterlbh h bigti ejpuoshr bh `lgnàh
qui ce`l oefirlbh plrl sler.
Å phrtlgth uj `eoegbrh qui
pirjeti
pir jeti l bis
bisjhg
jhgtlm
tlmij
ij i jhg
jhgtl-
tl-
mij sij jlehris prhfoijls plrl h
Cemurl 9=-  Pestijl bi ci`nljigth sij tljpùis. `nlvierh.

6) CHVJLP TLVL @lgnàh trlvlbh lh `eoegbrh

RVLSLV HP
@LGNÙIP
Sejhs ij oeíàh lgtirehr qui h
`lgnàh istì trlvlbh lh `eoegbrh bi
lomujl
lomu jl chrjl
chrjl,, phes `lsh `hgt
`hgtrìreh
rìreh
qulgbh bl egtrhbuíàh bl `nlvi, qui
loegnl hs peghs simribhs (oegnl zirh)
h `lgnàh ce`l oefirlbh, i si gàh is-
tevir trlvlbh lh puxlr l `nlvi ioi
slêrl kugth.  (Cemurl 9>). @lgnàh  gàh  trlvlbh lh
Å ixltl tlj
jigti shfri ls `eoegbrh, slê kugth `hj l
`nlvi
chrj
ch rjlsls bi tr trlv
lvlr
lr hs `l `lgn
gnùi
ùiss
uteoe
ut eoezl
zlbl
blss pi
pi-oh
-ohss clf
clfre`
re`lg
lgti
tiss bi
`eoegbrhs, h qui vi-rijhs l simuer.
Cemurl 9>- H `lgnàh bivi istlr trlvlbh lh `eoegbrh.
L - RVLSLJIGRH BH
@LGNÀH THV VIFERIP
YPLBH IJ @EOEGBVHP
EGBITIGBIGRIP I FE-
TLVREBHP
Gistl chrjl bi trlvljigth, h
bigti ejpuoshr hu lolvlg`l bi l`eh-
glji
gl jigt
gthh å cex
cexlb
lbhh lh `l
`lgn
gnàh
àh ph
phrr
jieh bi rifetis. Å ujl chrjl uteoe-
Lolvlg`l bi l`ehgljigth
zlbl ij `eoegbrh bi flexh `usth, `hg- cexlbl phr rifetis.
sebirlbhs bis`lrtìvies, phes si gi-
`issìreh bisjhgtlr plrl terlr h `l-
gnàh å gi`issìreh ioejeglr l `lfi-
íl bh rifeti, h qui bece`uotl i jueth
`lsh tigti jhgtì-oh ghvljigti.
(Cemurl 95). Cemurl 95- Rrlvljigth bh `lgnàh phr rifetis.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 6< EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Bigti ejpuoshr hu lolvlg`l
cexlbhs phr plrlcushs
Cemurl 3<-  Lgåes ioìste`hs.

Cemurl 34- Cexlíàh bh bigti ejpuoshr.

Bigtis ejpuoshris
@ - RVLSLJIGRH BH Lgio   Lgio
@LGNÀH THV LGÅEP
IOÌPRE@HP YPLBHP IJ
JHGHFOH@HP
Lgåes ioìste`hs, sàh piquigls
"pi`egnls" ij chrjls bi sije-`êr-
`uohs hu cirrlburl, cietls `hj jlti-
relo jitìoe`h `hj `irtl iolste`eblbi.
(Cemurl 3<).
Ississ lgåes sàh ig`l
Issi ig`lexlbh
exlbhss
gl phgtl bhs `lgnùis lpðs ls jhg-
tlmigs bhs jisjhs gh `hrph bh `e-
oegbrh.  (Cemurl 36).
Tlrl rijhvir hs lgåes ioìste-
`hs å pri pri`es
`eshh pri
prisse
ssehgì
hgì-oh
-ohss `hj
bulss piq
bul piquig
uigls
ls `nl
`nlvis
vis bi cig cigbl,
bl,
`hgchrji jhstrlbh gl  cemurl 30.

B - RVLSLJIGRH BH Cemurl 36-  Hs lgåes bivij sir ig`lexlbhs gl phgtl bh `lgnàh.
@LGNÀH TIOH BIGRI
EJTYOPHV CE^LBH THV
YJ TEGH RVLGPSIVPLO
Pestijl tljfåj uteoezlbh pl-
rl jhghfoh`hs. Gisti hs bigtis ej-
puosh
pu oshris
ris hu lol
lolvlg
vlg`ls
`ls bi l`el`ehgl
hgl--
jigth å cexlbl lh `lgnàh phr bhes
peghs trlgsvirsles.  (Cemurl 32-L).
Issis
Iss is peg
peghs
hs ltrltrlvi
lvissl
sslj
j hs
bigtis
big tis ejp
ejpuos
uoshri
hriss bi chr
chrll l chr
chrl,
l,
phrtlgth plrl rijhvë-ohs uj bi `l-
bl viz, `hoh`l-si h sl`l pegh shfri
l trlvl phr uj bhs olbhs, i `hj h
jlrtioh fltigbh shfri h jisjh, chr-
íljhs
ílj hs sul slêbl piopiohh hut
hutrh
rh olb
olbh.
h.
Hfsirvi l cemurl 32-L. Cemurl 30-  Trissehglgbh hs lgåes ioìste`hs `hj buls piquigls `nlvis bi cigbl.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 66 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Ixestij lomugs jhbiohs bi `e- Rrlvl gh ûotejh `lglo
oegbrhs egbipigbigtis, ij qui isti
pegh trlvl gàh å plsslgti `hjh is-
ti. Tlrl rijhvë-oh å pri`esh lfrer uj
curh pioh olbh hphsth bh pegh plrl
chrílr sul slêbl.  Cemurl 32-F.
I - RVLSLJIGRH BH
@LGNÀH THV JIEH BI
YJ TEGH @HOH@LBH GH
ÛOREJH @LGLO
Gàh istì uslgbh peghs trlvls, gij lgåes ioìste`hs
Isti å uj sestijl jueth usl-
bh ij jh jhghghfoh
foh`h
`hss i `l
`lbi
bilb
lbhs
hs..
@hgsesti ij `hoh`lr uj pegh trlvl Cemurl 39- @hoh`lgbh uj pegh gh ûotejh `lglo plrl hftir h trlvljigth bh `lgnàh.
bh `lgnàh gh ûotejh `lglo, hu sikl, Issi pegh trlvl ig`lexl ij Thrtlg
Thrt lgth
th pl
plrlrl si cl clzi
zirr l
gh `lglo ejibeltljigti, lpðs h ûote- uj `lglo gl phgtl bh `lgnàh, vikl `nlvi hu `ðpel plrl isti `eoegbrh l
jh pegh simribh.  (Cemurl 39). gl  cemurl 3=. `nlvi bivi tir h `hjprejigth ltå h
Tlrl si slfir si istl che l chr- queg
qu egth
th pepegh
gh,, si jljleh
ehrr iol plssl
plssl
jl uteoezlbl pioh clfre`lgti bh `eoeg- Rrlvl bh lvlg
lvlgílílgb
gbhh gi gist
stii `l`lglglo,
o, gà gàhh
brh, flstl virece`lr si gàh che uteoe- `lgnàh pirjetegbh h merh bh `lgnàh.
zlbh gignujl bls chrjls kì bis- Tlrl rijhvir issi pegh trlvl
`retls plrl jhghfoh`hs, `hjh lgio å pri`esh frhquilr h tljpàh i verlr
ioìste`h hu pegh trlvl trlgsvirslo. 3 Rljpùis h `eoegbrh plrl qui h pegh slel.
Hutrl chrjl bi slfir si isti
che h sestijl uteoezlbh, i esth vloi
@eg`h `lvls
preg`ep
preg`eploj
lojigt
igtii plr
plrll `lb
`lbilb
ilbhs,
hs, å
`hgtlr ls `lvls bl `nlvi i h gûji-
rh bi tljpùis.
Thr ixijpoh, l `nlvi tij `eg-
`h `lvls i h gûjirh bi tljpùis bh
jhghfoh`h hu `lbilbh å bi sies,
semgece`l qui h ûotejh (sixth) å bh pe- Cemurl 33-   @hgtlr ls `lvls bl `nlvi i h
gûjirh bi tljpùis phssefeoetl ebigtece`lr h
gh trlvl.  (Cemurl 33). sestijl uteoezlbh.
@hjprejigth bi `nlvi `irtl
Tegh bi trlvl

Curlr 
bisti
olbh

Teghs trlvls
L
@nlvi jles `hjprebl h `lgnàh
gàh merl thtlojigti

Cemurl 3=-  Tegh trlvl ig`lexlbh gl phgtl bh

Cemurl 32-  Lfregbh uj curh pioh olbh hphsth bh pegh plrl chrílr sul slêbl. `lgnàh.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 60 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 C - HYRVHP PEPRIJLP peol, qui ce`l ijfutebl gl plrti trl-
Ixestij
Ixestij hut
hutrhs
rhs ses
sestij
tijls
ls bi sierl bh `eoegbrh egbipigbigti hu fe- Rrlvl
trlvlrr h `lgn
trlvl `lgnàh,
àh, preg`eploj
preg`eplojigti
igti pl- plrtebh,
plrtebh, `hgc hrji jhstrl l   cemurl
`hgchrji
rl `eoegbrhs bi phrtls i `hgtlths bi 35. Hfsirvi qui ujl bls `upeols
luthjðvies
luthj ðvies,, qui sirà
siràhh istub
istublbhs
lbhs tij l chrjl bi sije`êr`uoh plri`e-
qulgbh isti lssugth chr lfhrblbh. bh `hj h lgio ioìste`h.
Oæjegl plrl flexlr trlvl
H qui phbijhs bistl`lr gis- H preg`êpeh bi cug`ehgljigth
ti etij å l chrjl qui ls cìfre`ls is- bi ljf
ljfhshs å thtthtloj
lojig
igti
ti bec
beciri
irigti
gti..
tàh uteoezlgbh plrl trlvlr h `lgnàh Igqulgth h ioìste`h clz prissàh phr
bi `eoegb
`eoegbrhs
rhs egbip
egbipigbi
igbigtis
gtis ûge`
ûge`hs,
hs, sir bi jltirelo coixêvio, h hutrh å bi
titrl i `eoegbrhs egbipigbigtis ûge`h jltirelo
jlti relo sij coixef
coixefeoeblb
eoeblbi,
i, phrtl
phrtlgth
gth
i feplrtebhs. rêmebh i qui clz l trlvl phr prissàh
Gh `lsh bh `eoegbrh egbipig- bi ujl jhoegnl. slêbl bh `lgnàh
bigti titrl h `lgnàh å trlvlbh phr Tlrl bistrlvlr å pri`esh uslr
lgio ioìste`h sijionlgti lh kì `etl- ujl oæjegl phgtelmubl fij cegl pl-
bh gh etij 6-@ (Rrlvljigth bh `l- rl lflexì-ol. Lpðs lflexì-ol, chríl-
gnàh phr lgåes ioìste`hs uslbhs ij si l slêbl bh `lgnàh piol crigti bh
jhghfoh`hs).(Cemurl 3>). `eoegbrh. Cegloezljhs `hj h sestijl
Cemurl =4- Bistrlvlgbh l `upeol.
Tlrl rijhvir issi lgio, prh- bi ci`nljigth bhs `lgles i chrjls
`ibi-si
`ibi -si `hjh kì che beth gh etij 6-@ bi trlvlr hs `lgnùis h istubh shfri
hs `hjphgigtis bhs `eoegbrhs. Lmhrl
0) BIPJHGRLMIJ I
(Rrlvljigth bh `lgnàh phr lgåes i-
virijhs `hjh bisjhgtlr i jhgtlr
JHGRLMIJ BI
oìste`hs uslbhs ij jhghfoh`hs).
hs `eoegbrhs.  (Cemurl =4).
@EOEGBVHP
Hutrh sestijl å trlvl phr `u-
Kì bess
bessijh
ijhss lgti
lgtirehr
rehrjig
jigtiti
qui clzijhs h frhqu frhquilji
iljigth
gth bhs
tljpù
tlj pùis
is bhs `lg`lgles
les bhs `eo`eoegb
egbrhs
rhs
qulgbh h `hgkugth simribh istì ij-
pirrlbh phr sukierl qui ejpibi siu
cug`ehgljigth.
\ulgbh esth l`hgti`i prejie-
Lgio ioìste`h rljigti tigtljhs bisijpirrlr, `h-
oh`lgbh h `eoegbrh ij ujl vlseonl
Lolvlg`l bi l`eh-
gljigth `hfirth phr quirhsigi.
Juetls
Jue tls viz
vizis
is ist
istii prh
prh`ib
`ibe-
e-
jigth rishovi h prhfoijl. Esth gàh
Cemurl 3>- Vijhíàh bh lgio ioìste`h. l`hgti`ig
l`hg ti`igbh
bh bivi
bivijhs
jhs ri`h
ri`hrrir
rrir lh
frhquilji
frhqu iljigth,
gth, uslg
uslgbh
bh ujl frh`l
Jhol bi beæjitrh, oemierljigti jighr qui
h beæjitrh bh tljpàh.
L)- Trigbijhs h `eoegbrh gl
jhrsl i `hj uj pugíàh, jlr`l-si
h `igtrh bhs tljpùis, l simuer `hj
l curlbierl fij gl virte`lo, prh`ibi-
Jhol si lh frhquiljigth, Hfsirvi  cemu-
rl =<.
@upeols Isti prh`ibejigth vloi plrl
`eoegbrhs egbipigbigtis, feplrtebhs i
jhghfoh`hs.
Cemurl 35- Rrlvljigth phr `upeol.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 62 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Igtloni

Bitloni

Cemurl =<-  Frhquiljigth.

Lh si frfrhq
hqui
uilrlr hs `l `lgle
gles,
s,
jueth prhvlvi
prhvlviojigti
ojigti blgece`lj
blgece`lj-si
-si
ls jhoegnls, jls gàh bivijhs chr-
ílr jueth l phgth bi blgece`lr hs
`hgtrl peghs.
Gàh istlgbh ijpirrlbh h `e-
oegbrh
oegbrh phb
phbijh
ijhss bis
bisjhg
jhgtì-o
tì-ohh plr
plrll
`hgci``ehglr l `nlvi pioh simribh
hu jis
jisjh
jh plr
plrll jub
jublr lr h sim
simrib
ribhh
sij gi`isseblbi bi frhquilr hs `l-
gles. Buls tå`ge`ls sàh uslbls plrl
esth.
esth. Yjl plr
plrll `eo
`eoegb
egbrhs
rhs egb
egbipi
ipig-
g- Cemurl =6- Besphsetevh Uloi.
bigtis i feplrtebhs i hutrl plrl jh- Isti tufegnh bivirì sir ujl
ghfoh`hs. `hgtegulíàh pircietl bh `lgnàh, phr- Bitloni bh `lgnàh
tlgth si isti phssuer quloquir bitl-
F- BIPJHGRLMIJ I oni gl plrti trlsierl, qui ejpiíl es- Cemurl =0-   Bisjhgtlgbh `eoegbrhs; egbipig-
Cemurl
JHGRLMIJ BI @EOEG- th, å gi`issìreh clzir uj igtloni ij bigti i feplrtebh.
BVHP EGBITIGBIGRIP ujl bls phgtls plrl qui ioi ig`le- \YLGBH RIJHP
I FETLVREBHP xi pircietljigti, gisti bitloni bh L @NLSI
Tlrl l bisjhgtlmij bistis @hoh`l-si l `nlvi gh `lgnàh
`lgnàh.  (Cemurl =0).
`eoegbrhs uteoezljhs h besphsetevh Ul- bh `eoegb
`eoegbrh,
rh, prigb
prigbigbh
igbh-h-h gl jhrsl
Yjl viz `hgci``ehglbl l cir-
oi, (ig`
(ig`hgtrl
hgtrlbhbh l vigbl
vigbl gls `lsls
`lsls bi jhbh qui hs `hgtrl peghs, cequij
rljigtl, vikljhs `hjh uteoezì-ol.
ispi`eloezlbls ij jltireles i cirrl- plrl
pl rl `e
`ejl
jl.. L si
simu
muer
er ri
rijh
jhvi
vi-s
-sii h
Lgtis phråj å ejphrtlgti qui
jigtls plrl `nlvierh) `hjphsth phr bigti ejpuoshr . (Cemurl =2).
h lough slefl qui `hj iol `hgsi-
trës piíls.  (Cemurl =6). Vijhve
Vij hvebh
bh h big
bigti
ti ejp
ejpuos
uoshr,
hr,
muejhs riterlr h `lgnàh bh `eoegbrh, ig`hstl-si h tufegnh gh `lgnàh i
Thbijhs ejprhveslr uslgbh h
jlgtigbh gh `hrph bh jisjh hs ijpurrl-si h `lgnàh ltå sul slêbl
tufegnh, cirrljigtl cietl bi vlritl
`hgtrl peghs i jhoegnls, i phr essh bh `hrph bh `eoegbrh.  (Cemurl =9).
bi lo louj
ujêg
êgeh
eh bl lglgti
tigl
gl bi tv tv,,
poìste`h, cefrl, it`. H ejphrtlgti å tijhs qui lmer bi ujl chrjl qulg- Ejphrtlgti;   Pijpri
Pijpri jlgti
jlgtirr
qui tignl h beæjitrh ixtirgh emulo bh tijhs l `nlvi i bi hutrl chrjl h tufegnh ig`hstlbh gh `lgnàh bu-
lh bh `l-gnàh bh `eoegbrh. qulgbh gàh l tijhs. rlgti thbl l hpirlíàh.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 69 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 @hgtrl peghs plrl `ejl

Ijpurri h
tufegnh bivlmlr 
jlgtigbh-h
fij ugebh lh
`eoegbrh Tuxlr h `eoegbrh vlmlrhsljigti

Beriíàh l ijpurrlr  Thgth bi ugeàh igtri

`eoegbrh
`eoegbrh i tufegn
tufegnh
h

Cemurl =2 -  Vijhvigbh h bigti ejpuoshr. Cemurl =9 -  Plêbl bh `lgnàh bh `hrph bh `eoegbrh.

@hjh h lough phbi vir, lh ri-

jhvir h `lgnàh isti sle `hj hs pe-
ghs sim
simrib
ribhs
hs igq
igqulg
ulgth
th hs `hg
`hgtrl
trl
peghs
peghs i jho
jhoegn
egnls
ls pir
pirjlg
jlgi`i
i`ij
j gh
`hrph bh `eoegbrh simurhs pioh tufe-
gnh.

\YLGBH GÀH
RIJHP L @NLSI
Gisti `lsh tijhs qui je`nlr
h `eoegbrh hu uslr l "plonitl" plrl e-
sholr hs `hgtrl peghs bhs peghs si- Cemurl =3 -  Tlonitl
mribhs, i phbirjhs esholr h `lgnàh
Lh riterì-oh kì si phbi ghtlr Vijhvebh h bigti ejpuoshr eg-
plrl merlr. ujl piquigl choml ixestigti igtri h trhbuzejhs piol crigti bh `lgnàh l
"Je`nlr"  semgece`l lfrer, merlr
`hrph bh `lgnàh i bh `eoegbrh, phr `nlvi vermij i phr trìs l plonitl, l-
h `lgn
`lgnàhàh uslgbh cirrljigtls
cirrljigtls bi l-
hgbi sirì egtrhbuzebl l plonitl. tå istl si ig`hstlr lh ûotejh `hgtrl
firturl `nljlbls bi je`nls. Isti
(Cemurl ==). pegh. (Cemurl =>).
sirì lssugth bi ujl prðxejl oeíàh.
Yslgbh
Yslg bh ls cirr
cirrlji
ljigtl
gtlss bi
@nlvi vermij
lfirturls hu l ‟plonitl‚, h hfkitevh å Choml
clzir l ‟oegnl zirh‚, hu sikl, loegnlr
hs peghs simribhs i hs `hgtrl peghs,
pirjetegbh lssej h merh bh `lgnàh.
L "plon
"plonitl"
itl" å ujl oæjegl cegl
bi jitlo, phbi sir bl `nlpl bl oltl
bi ricremirlgti hu `irvikl, lceglbl,
si gi`
gi`iss
issìre
ìreh.
h. Thb
Thbii sir tlj
tljfåj
fåj,,
poìste`h fij cegh i rêmebh i ltå jis-
jh gimltevh bi ceoji bi chthmrlcel,
oæjegl bi flrfilr, it`.  (Cemurl =3).
Ege`eljhs phr prigbir h `eoeg-
brh gl jhrsl i rijhvijhs hs plrl- Cemurl ==-  L plonitl bivirì sir egtrhbuzebl
Cemurl => -  Egtrhbuzl l `nlvi vermij i l
cushs plrl riterlr h bigti ejpuoshr. plonitl.
gl choml.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 63 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 L jibebl qui si vle riterlgbh hs `lgles ristlgtis plrl `hoh`lr hs ijpurrl h tufegnh plrl plsslr phr
l `nlvi, vljhs ijpurrlgbh l pl- `hgtrl peghs i jhoegnls hu `hoh`ì- shfri ioi. Thr issl rlzàh lfrer hs
onitl. Hfsirvi qui l jibebl qui l ohs uj l uj `hj pegíl phr bigtrh bh `lgles,
`lgl es, preg`
preg`eploj
eplojigti
igti qulg
qulgbhbh sàh
`nlvi
`nl vi å ri`
ri`ulb
ulbl, l, h peg
peghh sim
simrib
ribhh `lglo bh `lgnàh `hgchrji jhstrlbh vesêvies å jles rìpebh i prìte`h.  (Ce-
bis`i piol rljpl bl phgtl bl jis- gl cemurl >4. murl ><).
jl i ij blbh jhjigth, clz l "oegnl
zirh", å gisti ixlth jhjigth qui l
plonitl qui istì sigbh ijpurrlbl
plssl phr igtri h `hgtrl pegh i pegh
simribh esholgbh-hs.  (Cemurl =5).
Pimuegbh bistl chrjl, ltå l
thtlo slêbl bl `nlvi, vle `hgsimuer
esholr thbhs hs `hgtrl peghs i peghs
simribhs, oefirlgbh h `lgnàh plrl
merlr.
Merl-si igtàh l `nlvi, gh jì-
xejhh </> bi vho
xej vhotltl hu lpr
lprhxe
hxejlb
jlbl-l-
jigti 29»(mrlus). Gisti phgth kì si
phbi egtrhbuzer h tufegnh `hjh kì ig-
seglbh.
Jles ujl viz, rilcerjljhs l
ejphrt
ejp hrtæg
æg`el
`el bi jlg jlgtir
tir h tuf
tufegn
egnhh Cemurl >4 -  ... i egtrhbuzejhs h tufegnh. Cemurl >< - Yteoezi ujl pegíl i `hohqui uj l
uj hs `hgtrl peghs i jhoegnls.
sijpri ig`hstlbh gh `lgnàh. Å uj trlflonh `lgsltevh i bi-
Thes, si esth gàh h`hrrir i ij jhrlbh, phes bivijhs `hoh`lr pre- @ - BIPJHG
BIPJHGRLMIJ
RLMIJ
blbh jhjigth, lfrer isplíh igtri jierh l jhoegnl, biphes h `hgtrlpe- BI JHGHFOH@HP
ljfh
lj fhs,s, å eg
egiv
ivetetìv
ìvio
io qu
quii h `h
`hgt
gtrl
rl gh, qui vle ce`lr loth, i bivi sir l- Tlrl l bisjhgtlmij bi jh-
pegh bisíl h qui ghs hfreml l lfrer flexlbh `hj l pegíl igqulgth si ghfoh`hs ixesti gh `hjår`eh ispi-
`eloezlbh ujl cirrljigtl `nljlbl
"firíh plrl lpheh bi `eoegbrh Uloi",
quii ghs pirjeti
qu pirjeti jlg
jlgtir
tir thb
thbhs
hs hs
`hgtrl
`hg trl peg
peghs
hs i jho
jhoegn
egnls
ls ij siu
siuss
rispi`tevhs `lgles igqulgth riterl-
jhs h `lgnàh `hj hs peghs simri-
bhs plrl clzir ujl `nlvi hu jublr
h simribh.
Sikljhs `hjh prh`ibir plrl
hs bhes `lshs.

JYBLGÍL BI PIMVIBH
Gisti `lsh, clzijhs ujl `ð-
pel bl `nlvi hu usljhs ujl bh prð-
preh `oeigti qulgbh ioi phssuer jles
bi ujl `nlvi. @hrtljhs l `lfiíl
bl jisjl belmhglojigti, `hgchrji
jhstrl l  cemurl >6.
L simuer oejljhs ls `hstls bl
`nlvi, jles hu jighs uj jeoêji-
Cemurl =5 -  Esholgbh thbhs hs `hgtrl peghs i peghs simribhs, oefirljhs h `lgnàh plrl merlr... trh. (Cemurl >6-L).

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 6= EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

Cemurl >6 -   @hrti l `lfiíl bl `nlvi gl
belmhglo.
Cemurl >0-‚Firíh‚ prish gl jhrsl.

Cemurl >6L -  Oeji ls `hstls bl `nlvi.

Ltigíàh;  Lgtis bi `hoh`lr l

`nlvi gh `lgnàh, riteri sul trlvl,
qui gh `lsh bisti ixijpoh, å bl chr- Cemurl >2 -  Tuxi h `lgnàh piol `nlvi.
jl jhstrlbl gl cemurl >2. å pri`esh sufstetuer hs peghs bhs bhes Thbijhs sufstetuer h ‟firíh‚
Egtrhbuzej
Egtrhbuzejhs
hs istl `nlvi ij `lgnùi
`lg nùis,
s, biv
bivijh
ijhss ripripiter
iter thb
thbhh h phr ujl "cirrljigtl" cietl bi mrlj-
uj bhs `lgnùis i bljhs jiel vhotl prh`issh plrl rijhvir h hutrh `l- ph bi `lfioh, fltezlbl phr " V", vikl-
gh jisjh `hj h ‟firíh‚ prish gl gnàh.  (Cemurl >9). jhs gl  cemurl >3.
jhrsl, ig`lexljhs l nlsti bh ‟fir-
íh‚ gh `lglo bl `nlvi i vljhs ij-
purrlgbh h jhghfoh`h plrl qui isti
plssi phr igtri hs peghs simribhs i
`hgtrl
`hgt rl pegh
peghss esho
esholgbh-hs..   (Cemurl
lgbh-hs
>0).
L simuer cexl-si h jhghfoh`h,
jhghfoh`h,
lpirtlgbh hs qultrhs plrlcushs ol-
x
tirles bh firíh. Lpirtl-si tljfåj h
plrlcush bi cexlíàh bl nlsti.
Yjl viz cexlbh h jhghfoh`h
i l nlsti puxljhs h `lgnàh piol
`nlvi, ltå sul thtlo slêbl bh `hrph
bh jhghfoh`h, `hj hs peghs simri-
@hjprejigth suce`eigti plrl plsslr 
bhs.  (Cemurl >2). phr `ejl bhs `lgles
@hjh plrl l trh`l bh simribh rl >9 -   Pufstet
Cemurl
Cemu Pufstetul
ul hs peg
peghs
hs bhs bhes
`lgnùis. Cemurl >3 -  Cirrljigtl ‟V‚.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 6> EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Hs prejierhs plsshs plrl sul
uteoezlíàh, sàh hs jisjhs plrl h
‟firíh‚, hu sikl, `hrtlr l `lfiíl bl
`nlvi belmhglojigti, oejlr ls `hs-
tls bl jisjl jles hu jighs uj
jeoêjitrh i riterljhs l trlvl bh `l-
gnàh. Cieth esth egtrhbuzejhs l nlsti
bh "V" gl choml
choml bh `lglo
`lglo bl `nlvi
`nlvi
igtri l `hstl bl `nlvi i h `hrph bh
`eoegbrh, lpðs tir blbh  ¿  bi vhotl gh
`lgnàh. (Cemurl >=).

Cemurl >>L -  ... ij simuebl puxi l `lgnàh.

@HGCI@ÍÀH BI @HGCI@ÍÀH BI
@NLSI TIOH @NLSIP BH PEPRIJ
PEPRIJL
L
PIMVIBH ULOI TIOH PIMVIBH
\ulgbh ist
\ulgbh istii chr h hfk
hfkite
itevh,
vh, Lpðs ti
Lpðs tirr lp
lpri
rigb
gbeb
ebhh l bi
bis-
s-
plrl bisjhgtlr h `eoegbrh, gàh nì jhgtlr h `eoegbrh egbipigbigti, fe-
gi`isseblbi bi riterlr hs bhes `l- plrtebh i jhghfoh`h, h lough kì istì
gnùis, flstl uj.
ij `hgbeíùis bi lprigbir l clzir
@hjh plrl isti `lsh, gàh ti-
jublgíls pioh simribh fij `hjh
jhs `nlvi gàh phbijhs clzir `ð-
clzir `nlvi pioh simribh. Lgtis ph-
pel bl jisjl i priplrì-ol, `hrtlg-
råj bivi slfir bl ejphrtæg`el bls
bh, oejlgbh `hjh cezijhs lgtirehr-
`lvls bl `nlvi gh pircieth cug`eh-
jigti. Thrtlgth plrl merlr h `lgnàh,
Cemurll >=
Cemur >=--   Egtr
Egtrhb
hbuz
uzeg
egbh
bh l nl nlst
stii bl gljigth bl `nlvi ghs `eoegbrhs.
cirrljigtl ‟V‚ gl choml bh `lglo bl `nlvi. pri`esljhs
pri`e sljhs "je`nlr",
"je`nlr", hu sikl uslr
@hjpoitljhs </6 jiel vhotl ujl circirrlj
rljigt
igtll bi lf lfirt
irturl
url plr
plrll @LSLP BLP @NLSIP
bi chrjl qui l plrti `urvl bh " V", ce- quii ess
qu esshh phs
phssl
sl h`h
h`hrri
rrir.
r. Lgt
Lgtis
is ph- Ls `lvls bls `nlvis, bivij
qui prissehglbl gl plrti egcirehr bh råj, bivijhs riterlr l trlvl bh `l- tir ægmuoh bi 54»(mrlus), sufstetueg-
`eoegbrh. Å ejphrtlgti qui h " V" cequi gnàh. Istls chrjls bi riterlr hs `l- bh sej
sejitr
itre`l
e`lji
jigti
gti lh `i `igtr
gtrhh bl
prissehglbh, phes si esth gàh l`hg- gnùis `hj hs peghs simribhs, jlg- jisjl.  (Cemurl >5).
ti`ir,
ti` ir, ioi gàh `hg
`hgsim
simuer
uerìì rit
ritir
ir hs tigbh hs `hgtrl peghs i jhoegnls gh
`hgtrlpeghs. Ij simuebl vljhs pu- `hrph bh `eoegbrh, å jueth prìte`l i
xlgbh h `lgnàh, plrl qui slel `hj bivi sir flstlgti prlte`lbl pioh l-
hs peg
peghs
hs sim
simribhs. ( Ce
ribhs. Cemu
murlrlss >> i ough i esth sij bûvebl ioi clrì gl
>>L). lphsteol bh plssh l plssh.

Cemurl >5 -  Ls `lvls

Cemurl `lvls bls `nlvis
`nlvis bivij tir
Cemurl >> -  Trissehgi l cirrljigtl ‟V‚ gl plrti egcirehr bh `eoegbrh... ægmuoh bi 54 h (mrlus).

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 65 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Tlrl essh l oejl egbe`lbl å l
qulbrlbl uslbl bi `lgth hu l `nltl
tljfåj
tljfåj uslb
uslbll bi `lgt
`lgthh `hgch
`hgchrji
rji
jhstrlbh gl  cemurl 54. 54»

oejl qulbrlbl

`hrrith

Cemurl 54 -  Yteoezlgbh l oejl qulbrlbl.

L oejl trelgmuolr kljles phbi-

rì sir uslbl, esth phrqui `hj iol l Cemurl 56 -  @lvl `hj eg`oeg
eg`oeglíàh
líàh jighr
jighr qui 29 h (mrlus) ä isquirbl.

`lvl bl `nlvi tirì ægmuoh bi 34»

(mrlus
(mrlus),
), qui å egs
egsuce
uce`ei
`eigti
gti plr
plrll h
pircieth
pircieth cug`
cug`ehglj
ehgljigth
igth bl jisjl
jisjl..
(Cemurl 5<). 54»

oejl trelgmuolr

eg`hrrith

Cemurl 5< -  Gàh usi l oejl trelgmuolr. Cemurl 50 -  @lvl `hj eg`oeg
eg`oeglíàh
líàh jighr
jighr qui 29 h (mrlus) ä berietl.

@hjh bessijhs l `lvl bivi pirbebl

pirbe blss hu ixixtrl
trlvel
velbl
bls,
s, si
sigbgbhh
tir h ægmuoh bi 54» (mrlus) sejitre- @hjh h lough phbi virece`lr h phrtlg
phr tlgth
th gi-
gi-`is
`issìr
sìreh
eh bis
bisjhg
jhgtlr
tlr h
`ljigti
`lji gti bestre
bestrefuêb
fuêbhs
hs gh `igtr
`igtrhh bl phse`e
phs e`ehgl
hgljig
jigth
th oejl plrplrll `hg
`hgci`
ci`-- `eoegbrh plrl ixi`utì-ols. Ij mirlo h
`lvl, esth phrqui phbijhs tir, bi- íàh bl `lvl bivi sir remhrhsh plrl `oeigti trlz l ci`nlburl hu h `eoegbrh,
pigbigbh bh phse`ehgljigth bl oe- si hfhfti
tirr æg
ægmu
muoh
ohss bi 2929»» (m
(mrl
rlus
us),), jls phbi l`hgti`ir bi tirjhs bi
jl `lvls bi 54» (mrlus) bi chrjl plrl
pl rl ls `l `lvl
vlss `l `lsh
sh `h `hgt
gtrì
rìre
rehh riterì-oh bi ujl phrtl ci`nlbl.
lssejåtre`l lh `igtrh bl `lvl h qui h`hr
h` hrri
rirà
ràhh hs pr prhf
hfoi
oijl
jlss l` l`ej
ejll
Gisti `lsh å pri`esh prejierh
phbirel bece`uotlr l igtrlbl hu slêbl `etlbhs.
bl `nlvi. @lvl `hj eg`oeglíàh ji- lfrer l phrtl plrl biphes riterlr h `e-
L`hgsionljhs hs loughs trie-
ghr qui 29»(mrlus) ä  isquirbl bh glrij flst
flstlgti
lgti h phse`
phse`ehglj
ehgljigth
igth oegbrh.
`igtrh bl jisjl, l `nlvi igtrl `hj bl oejl shfri l pol`l bl `nlvi, plrl Bi phssi bh `eoegbrh, prh`i-
cl`eoeblbi, jls phbi gàh sler hu sler lssejeoì-oh fij. bijhs l riterlbl bh `lgnàh piohs
`hj bece`uoblbi.  (Cemurl 56). jåthbhs kì igseglbhs, `hgchrji h
@lvll `hj eg`
@lv eg`oeg
oeglíà
líàhh jig
jighr
hr @hgci`íàh bl @nlvi pioh teph bi `eoegbrhs hu jhghfoh`hs.
qui 29»(mrlus) ä   berietl   bh `igtrh Pimribh Yjl viz chrl h `lgnàh, riterl-
bl jisjl, l `nlvi phbi gàh igtrlr L `hg
`hgci`
ci`íàh
íàh bl `nl
`nlvi
vi pio
piohh jhs hs peg peghs
hs sim
simrib
ribhs
hs sim
simueg
uegbh
bh
hu igtrlr `hj bece`uoblbi, jls sle si-mri
si-mribh
bh bi uj `eo`eoegb
egbrh
rh l`h
l`hgti
gti`i
`i ujl hrbij i `hoh`lgbh-hs ij uj
`hj cl`eoeblbi.  (Cemurl 50). qulg
qulg-bh
-bh thb
thbls
ls ls `n`nlv
lvis
is ch
chrlj
rlj phrtl peghs i jhoegnls.  (Cemurl 52).
@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 04 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH
 íàh bl `nlvi. Pi lh `hgtrìreh jublr
h simribh issl hrbij gàh bivirì
sir jlg
jlgteb
tebl,
l, `hj
`hjhh vir
virijh
ijhss jle
jless
lbelg
lbe lgti.
ti. L jio
jionhr
nhr ris
risphs
phstl,
tl, sir
sirel
el
tlgth clz, gisti `lsh phu`h ejphrtl
l hrbij bhs peghs.
Sljhs plrl ixijpoece`lr su-
phr qui l risphstl sikl gàh jublr h
simribh, phrtlgth lpðs l riterlbl bh
`lgnàh `hoh`ljhs hs peghs simri-
bhs gl siqÿëg`el l plrter bh ig`hs-
Cemurl 52 -  Thrtl peghs i jhoegnls. th hu igtrlbl bl `nlvi.  (Cemurl 53).
Visphstls; Trigbijhs h `lgnàh gl jhr-
Issl hrbij phbi sir guji- <ª)  Pej. Eerie  jublr h simribh1 sl `hj l `nlvi vermij ij siu egti-
rehr i `hj uj isteoiti clzijhs ls
rlbl l plrter bh ig`hsth bl `nlvi, hu 6ª)  Gàh. Gàh erie jublr h si-
jlr`ls bls `lvls. Isteoiti å ujl
sikl, l plrti bl igtrlbl bl `nlvi. mribh1
piquigl ‟tlonlbierl‚ qui phbi sir
(Cemurl 59). 0ª)  Rlgth clz. cietl bi uj piblíh bi oejl quifrl-
Jueth fij, qulgbh lplri`ir Yjl bls buls prejierls, ixe- bl, primh bi líh, it`.  (Cemurl 5=).
isti teph bi sirveíh gl hce`egl bh mi phr plrti bh `nlvierh thtlo ltig-
`nlvierh, h jionhr å pirmugtlr lh íàh gl riterlbl
riterlbl i `hoh`líàh
`hoh`líàh bhs
bhs pe-
`oeigti, qui sij bûvebl, erì blr ujl ghs ij hrbij gh phrtl peghs.
bls trës risphstls phssêvies; Esth phrqui si ioi bessir gàh
Tirmugtl; H signhr erì jublr trh`l h simribh, issl hrbij bivi
h simribh8 sir jlgtebl gl jhgtlmij i `hgci`-

2 9
6 0
<

Cemurl 5= -  ‟Isteoiti‚.

Ltigíàh;   Pi vh`
vh`ëë ril
riloez
oezlr
lr l
jlr`líàh `hj juetl chríl gl fltebl
<
6 0 2
`hj h jlrtioh, phes esth prhvh`lrel,
9
riflrfls ejpibegbh
ejpibegbh l slêbl bl `nl-
vi.  (Cemurl 5>).

Cemurl 59 -  @hgci`íàh bl `nlvi pioh simribh.

@hgtrl peghs i jhoegnls

peghs simribhs

Cemurl 5> -   Gàh fltl h jlrtioh `hj juetl

chríl.
Cemurl 53 -  Viterlbl bhs peghs simribhs.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 0< EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH

 Viterljhs l `nlvi bh `lgnàh
i prigbijhs gl jhrsl piol `lfiíl,
biexlgbh l pol`l bl `nlvi oevri.
@hj ujl oejl qulbrlbl, ri-
chrí
chrílj
ljhs
hs ls jljlr`
r`ls
ls pl
plrl
rl qu
quii ce-
quij fij vesêvies.  (Cemurl 55).

Cemurl <44 - Egtrhbuzegbh h `lgnàh gl `nlvi.

Cemurl 55 -  Vichrílgbh ls jlr`ls bls `lvls

Ij sim simuebl
uebl egtr
egtrhbu
hbuzejh
zejhss h
`lgnàh gl `nlvi i virece`ljhs si ls
jlr`ls bls `lvls istàh `igtrloezl-
bls, esth å, fij gh `igtrh bh `lglo.
(Cemurl <44). @hgcirebl l `igtrloezl-
íàh bls `lvls bl `nlvi, `hoh`ljhs
gh `lgnàh, gl `lvl `hrrisphgbigti Cemurl <4< - @hoh`lgbh h prejierh pegh simribh.

h prejierh pegh simribh  cemurl <4<.

@hj l oejl qulbrlbl bi `lg-
th, chrjlgbh ægmuoh bi 54»(mrlus),
(kì ixpoe`lbh), bljhs egê`eh lh lprh-
cugbljigth bl `lvl bh prejierh pe-
gh, ri`ulgbh h `lgnàh `hgchrji  ce-
murl <46.  \ulgbh h pegh ce`lr rigti
ij ‟oegnl zirh‚, `hoh`ljhs gh `l-
gnàh, gh `lglo `hrrisphgbigti h si-
mugbh pegh simribh i prh`ibijhs Cemurl <46-  Blgbh egê`eh lh lprhcugbljigth bl `lvl bh prejierh pegh.

bl jisjl chrjl, qui plrl h prejie-

rh pegh
pegh.. Vip
Vipiteg itegbh
bh iss
issii prh
prh`ib
`ibe-e-
jigth, plrl hs bijles peghs, `hg-
`ouerijhs l `hgci`íàh bl `nlvi.  (Ce-
murl <40).   L `hgci`íàh bl `nlvi
pioh simribh å uj sirveíh jueth `h-
juj gh bel-l-bel bh `nlvierh, phr-
tlgth bivi sir prlte`lbh.  E Est sth
h si
sirì
rìci
cie-
e-
Cemurl <40 -  Vipitegbh h prh`ibejigth bl cemurl <4< plrl hs bijles peghs erijhs `hg`ouer l
th gl lph
phst
steoeoll bh pl
plsssh l pl
plsssh
sh66. `hgci`íàh bl `nlvi.

@YVPH BI @NLSIEVH ‐ LYOL 6 06 EGPRERYRH YGESIVPLO FVLPEOIEVH