Rdssl d Rdssl - 4

Gstg å l preogerl hued mg lregftd

lregftdèál
èál prlnesselfd`
prlnesselfd` ml ajdvgerl.
ajdvgerl. Alo g`g l d`ufl erä prdteadr l usl mds
ngrrdogftds, igo alol lpgrdè÷gs g tåafeads mg gxgauè÷gs mds prefaepdes tdrgnds ml med d med ml ajdvgerl prl-
nesselfd`. Rdrd tdftl, lrhdfezg sud pgqugfd lneaefd, alogèdfml plr uod idfadmd alo olrsd. Ds mgodes ngr-
rdogftds sgrál efmeadmds pdrd admd tdrgnd qug sál ds sghueftgs;

Rrlagmeogftl F» 4

Ygterdr g Al`ladr
Ngajdmurds
Ngajdm urds go Rlrtds
Gstd å sgo mûvemd d odes seop`gs tdrgnd ml ajdvgerl. Gstd lpgrdèál mgvg sgr gxgautdmd sgoprg qug sg
fgagssetdr rgplr uod ngajdmurd, alfngaaelfdr ajdvg lu ndzgr pgqugfls rgpdrls go ngajdmurds.

Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds
.  Ajdvg mg ngfmd
.  D`eadtg ufevgrsd`
Ngajdmurd
Ngajdmurd mg Qlirg
Qlirgplr
plr
Qál ngajdmurds olftdmds fd pdrtg gxtgrfd mg plrtds g plrt÷gs.
Lpgrdè÷gs;
4;4 -  Ygterg ls mles pdrdnusls qug sg gfalftrdo fd pdrtg nrlftd` md plrtd lu plrtál. ( Nehurd 4).
4;9 -  Ygterg ls pdrdnusls `dtgrdes md adexd. Flrod`ogftg sál mles, ods jä d`huods alo qudtrl.  (Nehurd 9).

Nehurd 4 - Ygterdfml ls mles pdrdnusls md plrtd fd pdrtg nrlftd`. d 9 - Ygterdfml ls mles pdrdnusls mds `dtgrdes md adexd.
Nehurd
Nehur

Rrlagmeogft
Rrlagmeogftl
l F» 4-4

Ngajdmurd
Ngajdmurd mg Goiut
Goiuter
er

Qál ngajdmurds goiutemds eftgrfdogftg fds plrtds g plrt÷gs.

Lpgrdè÷gs;
4;1- Ygterg d trdvd md odèdfgtd alo l d`eadtg. Jä olmg`ls mg ngajdmurds qug d nexdèál md odèdfgtd å ngetd
plr pdrdnusl. Fgstg adsl, usg d ajdvg mg ngfmd (plmg dalftgagr mg sgr pdrdnusl tepl D``gf).  (Nehurd 1).

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 9 EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL

 4;=- Ygterg ds odèdfgtds.  (Nehurd =).
4;7- Ql`tg l pdrdnusl mg nexdèál ml ae`efmrl, dtå qug l ogsol nequg `eigrdml g plssd sgr rgolveml.  (Nehurd 7).
4;>- Ql`tg ls pdrdnusls mg nexdèál md ngajdmurd.  (Nehurd >).
4;8- Ygterg l ae`efmrl g puxg d ngajdmurd pdrd nlrd.   (Nehur
(Nehurd
d 8).

Nehurd 1 - Ygterdfml d trdvd md odèdfgtd. Nehurd = -  Ygterdfml ds odèdfgtds. d 7 - Ygolvgfml l ae`efmrl.

Nehurd
Nehur

Nehurd > - Ygterdfml ls pdrdnusls mg nexdèál. Nehurd 8 -  Dpñs d rgterdmd ml ae`efmrl puxg d ngajdmurd pdrd nlrd.

Gstds nlrdo ds lpgrdè÷gs mg rgolèál mds ngajdmurds. Rdrd d al`ladèál mds ogsods prlagmd mg olml
efvgrsl.
4;: -  Fl adsl md ngajdmurd mg slirgplr, al`lqug-d
al`lqug-d plseaelfdmd kuftl dls nurls g nexg ls pdrdnusls.  (Nehurd :).
4;5 - Adsl d ngajdmurd nlr mg goiuter al`lqug d ngajdmurd fl gfadexg md plrtd g nexg-d alo ls mles pdrdnusls.
(Nehurd 5).
4;42- Al`lqug l ae`efmrl, g dpgrtg l pdrdnusl dtå nexä-`l.
4;44- Al`lqug ds odèdfgtds. Adsl ls gspg`jls tgrgo seml rgolvemls al`lqug-ls preogerl, mgples ds odèdfg-
tds.  (Nehurd 42).

Nehurd : - Nexdfml ls pdrdnuxls. Nehurd 5 - Alol nexdr d ngajdmurd mg goiuter. Nehur

Ne d 42 -   Al`la
hurd Al`ladf
dfml
ml l ae
ae`ef
`efmrl
mrl g ds
odèdfgtds

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 1 EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL

 Rrlagmeogftl F» 9

Mgsolftdhgo mg Ngajdmurds
Gstd å uod lpgrdèál, qug jlkg go med, fál å ouetl alouo, plrqug, sál rgoltds ds plsseie`emdmgs mg alfsgrtdr
ngajdmurds.
Fl gftdftl mgvg sgr trgefdmd, plrqug, alo agrtgzd, defmd plr uo ilo tgopl, jdvgrál pgqugfls rgpdrls d sg
ndzgr go ngajdmurds dftehds.

Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds
• Ajdvg mg ngfmd lu Rje`eps
• @eod ajdtd

9.4- Ngajdmurd Hlrhg

9;4- Ygterg ls pdrdnusls md tdopd md adexd md ngajdmurd.  (Nehurd 44).
9;9- Qg d tdopd nlr nexdmd plr rgietg, å prgaesl `eodr d adigèd mls ogsols.  (Nehurd 49).
9;1- Ygterdmls ls pdrdnusls lu `eodmd d adigèd mls rgietgs, rgterg d tdopd.  (Nehurd 41).

Nehurd 44 -  Ygolvgfml ls pdrdnusls. d 49 - @eodfml d adigèd mls rgietgs.

Nehurd
Nehur Nehurd 41 - Ygterdfml d tdopd md ngajdmurd.

9.4- Ngajdmurd Ud`g

9;=- Ygterg preogerl l ae`efmrl sl`tdfml l sgu pdrdnusl mg nexdèál.  (Nehurd 4=).
9;7- Md ogsod nlrod qug d ngajdmurd Hlrhg, d Ud`g tdoiåo plmg tgr d tdopd mg adexd pdrdnusdmd lu rgietd-
md. Rlrtdftl, rgolvd ls pdrdnusls lu `eog ls rgietgs alfnlrog  Nehurds 47 g 47D.

Nehurd 4= -  Ygterdfml l ae`efmrl. d 47 - Qg nlr rgietg3 `eog.

Nehurd
Nehur Nehurd 47D - Ygterg d tdopd

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 = EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL

 Rrlagmeogftl F» 1

Alfngaèál mg Añped mg Ajdvg Hlrhg

(alo Olmg`l
Olmg`l))
Rdrd gstd tdrgnd l d`ufl mgvgrä tgr go oáls uod ajdvg Hlrhg mg uod ngajdmurd qud`qugr.
Å prgaesl tgr d ngajdmurd pdrd plmgr tgstdr d ajdvg ngetd.

Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds
• Rdquïogtrl lu gsad`d
• Alopdssl mg ogmer
• @eod ajdtd
• @eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd

Lpgrdè÷gs;
1;4-  ^dols fgstd lpgrdèál tlodr alol idsg d ajdvg md nehurd 4>, plrtdftl pdrd ndzgr d añped usg uod ajdvg
verhgo ml ogsol olmg`l. L d`ufl mgvgrä gsal`jgr d ajdvg verhgo mg dalrml alo d sud lrehefd`.  (Nehurd 4>).
1;9- Ogsol sgfml lrehefd` d ajdvg verhgo vgo sgoprg alo d p`dad `ehgerdogftg odelr. Dsseo sgfml, ogèd d
d`turd md p`dad md ajdvg lrehefd`. Wsg l pdquïogtrl lu alopdssl mg ogmer.  (Nehurd 48).
1;1- Rdssg gssd ogmemd pdrd d ajdvg verhgo. Adsl jdkd mengrgfèd pdrd odelr, `eog d p`dad fl sgfteml md d`turd,
dtå ajghdr d gssd ogmemd.  (Nehurd 4:).
1;=- Ndèd d ogsod alesd alo d `drhurd md p`dad. Ogèd d ajdvg lrehefd` g pdssg d ogmemd pdrd d ajdvg verhgo.
Qg jluvgr mengrgfèd pdrd ogmer, `eog pdrd dagrtdr.  (Nehurd 45).
1;7- Dagrtdmds d d`turd g d `drhurd md p`dad, ogèd d sud gspgssurd, go hgrd` d gspgssurd mä agrtl. Adsl estl
fál lalrrd, `eog dtå dagrtdr.  (Nehurd 92).
1;>- Ogèd d adfd`gtd `dtgrd` md ajdvg lrehefd` g pdssg pdrd d ajdvg verhgo.  (Nehurd 94).
1;8- Odradmd d adfd`gtd, prgfmd d ajdvg fd olrsd. Rlseèál olstrdmd fd  nehurd 99, alo d ilrmdilrmd md `eod vä
vä
`eodfml dtå d prlnufmemdmg md lrehefd`.
1;:- Dagrtdmd d adfd`gtd, vdols pdrd ds advds md ajdvg. Alo d råhud lu pdquïogtrl, ogèd d prlnufmemdmg
mds advds, trdfsplrtdfml-ds pdrd d ajdvg verhgo.  (Nehurd 91).
1;5- Dagrtg dhlrd d `drhurd mds advds. ]doiåo alo d råhud lu pdquïogtrl g md ogsod nlrod trdfsnerd d og-
memd pdrd ajdvg verhgo.  (Nehurd 9=).
1;42 - @eog ds advds alo d `eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd.  (Nehurd 97).
1;44 - Alfa`uïmd d añped md ajdvg vgrenequg sg gstä nufaelfdfml. Rdrd tdftl, gxpgreogftg-d fd ngajdmurd.
Adsl g`d gstgkd rdspdfml lu prgfmgfml, vgkd lfmg dpdrgag d odrad ml dtretl g më odes uods pdssdmds alo
d `eod, dtå g`eoefdr gssgs prli`gods.  (Nehurd 9>).

Nehurd 4> - Ajdvgs verhgo g lrehefd`. Nehurd 48 - sgoprg ogèd d p`dad md ajdvg. d 4: - @eodfml d p`dad md ajdvg.
Nehurd
Nehur

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 7 EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL

Nehurd 45 - Qg jluvgr mengrgfèd `eog. d 92 - Ogèd d sud gspgssurd.
Nehurd
Nehur Nehurd 94 - Ogèd d adfd`gtd `dtgrd` md ajdvg.

Nehurd 99 - @eodfml d adfd`gtd. d 91 - Ogèd d prlnufmemdmg md advd.

Nehurd
Nehur Nehurd 9= - Dagrtg d `drhurd mds advds.

@eodr d sghufmd advd

@eodr d preogerd advd

Nehurd 97 - Wsg d `eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd pdrd `eodr ds advds. Nehurd 9> - @eog dtå d`eoefdr ls prli`gods.

Rrlagmeogftl F» =

Ndzgr ajdvg Hlrhg

Qgo olmg`l
Gstd tdrgnd rgqugr uod ngajdmurd Hlrhg ûfead. Rlmg sgr qud`qugr olmg`l mg plrtds eftgrfds, dtud` ml tepl ajd-
vg prlftd. Eoplrtdftg fál sgr alo sghrgml.

Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds
• Rdquïogtrl lu gsad`d
• Alopdssl mg ogmer
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 > EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
 • @eod ajdtd Lisgrvdèál; ]dftl pdrd gstd alol pdrd d tdrgnd dftgrelr,
• D`eadtg l d`ufl mgvgrä mereher-sg d uod `lkd mg drtehls pdrd ajdvgerls lu
• Ajdvg mg ngfmd ogsol d uo ajdvgerl pdrd dmquerer ds ajdvgs
ajdvgs lrehefdes.

Lpgrdè÷gs;
=;4- Ygterg d ngajdmurd md plrtd, ples gstd ajdvg sgrä ngetd pg`d ngajdmurd, plrtdftl, sgo olmg`l.  (Nehurd 98).
=;9- Gsal`jd d ajdvg verhgo lrehefd` md ngajdmurd.  (Nehurd 9:).
=;1- Alo l pdquïogtrl, gsad`d lu ogsol l alopdssl, tlog d d`turd md gftrdmd md ajdvg.  (Nehurd 95).
=;=- ^laë mgvgrä alfngrer d d`turd kuftl â p`dad md ajdvg verhgo. Adsl lalrrd mengrgfèd fd d`turd pdrd odelr, l
prlagmeogftl pdrd ehud`dr sgrä l `eodr, alol kä nle gfsefdml fl prlagmeogftl dftgrelr.  (Nehurd 12).
=;7- Ogèd d mestéfaed gftrg ds `dtgrdes md adexd md ngajdmurd. Gssd ogmemd rgmuzemd dprlxeodmdogftg mg ogel
oe`ïogtrl, alrrgsplfmg d `drhurd md p`dad.  (Nehurd 14).
=;>- Dagrtdmds d d`turd g d `drhurd md p`dad md ajdvg, ndèd d adfd`gtd `dtgrd`. Rdrd essl, al`lqug d ajdvg fd gftrdmd
md ajdvg md ngajdmurd g alo uo resadmlr lu adfgtd jemrlhränead odrqug l agftrl md adfd`gtd.  (Nehurd 19).
=;8- Alo d ilrmd md `eod alfnlrog gfsefdml fd tdrgnd dftgrelr (etgo 1;8), `eog d adfd`gtd dtå d prlnufmemdmg
qug `jg pgroetd pdssdr pg`d gftrdmd md ajdvg fd ngajdmurd.  (Nehurd 11).
=;:- Eftrlmuzd d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd, sg tlmls ls prlagmeogftls nlrdo igo ngetls g`d erä nufaelfdr. Adsl rdspg
lu prgfmd më odes d`huods `eodmds lfmg gstevgr pghdfml.
^laë vde lisgrvdr qug d ajdvg qug dadilu mg ndzgr gstä nufaelfdfml igo, sgo ogsol plssuer advds alol
d lrehefd`. Estl å flrod`. Jä adsls mg ngajdmurds Hlrhg seop`gs plssuïrgo ajdvg alo advds sgo fgagssemd-
mg ples, ds ogsods fál tgo nufèál.  (Nehurd 1=).

Nehurd 98 - Ygterg d ngajdmurd md plrtd. Nehurd 9: - Gsal`jd d ajdvg verhgo. Nehurd 95 - Og

Ogèdd
èdd d`
d`tu
turd
rd md gf
gftr
trdm
dmdd md ajd
ajdvg.
vg.

Ogmemd md `drhurd md adexd

Ogmemd md d`turd md ajdvg

Nehurd 12 - Alfnerd d d`turd md p`dad md ajdvg. Nehurd 14 - Ogèd d mestéfaed gftrg ds `dtgrdes md adexd.

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 8 EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL

 Ogmemd md adfd`gtd

Nehurd 19 - Odradfml l agftrl md adfg`gtd. d 11 - @eodfml d adfd`gtd.

Nehurd
Nehur Nehurd 1= - Eftrlmuzd d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd.

Rrlagmeogftl F» 7
Alfngaaelfdr Ajdvg pdrd Ngajdm
Alfngaaelfdr Ngajdmurd
urd
Hlrhg Oû`tep`d alo Qghrgm
Qghrgmls
ls
Rdrd gstd tdrgnd, sgrä fgagssärel qud`qugr ngajdmurd Hlrhg alo sghrgml, estl å, qug plssud Hlrhgs.
Rlmg sgr mg 1, = lu odes Hlrhgs, ples ds lpgrdè÷gs
lpgrdè÷gs sál vä`emds pdrd
pdrd qud`qugr qudftemdmg.
qudftemdmg. ^dols ute`ezdr uod
alo = Hlrhgs.

Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds
Lpgrdè÷gs;
7;4- Ygterg d ngajdmurd md plrtd.  (Nehurd 17).
• Rdquïogtrl lu råhud
• Alopdssl
• @eod ajdtd
• @eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd
• Ajdvg mg ngfmd
• D`eadtg
7;9- ]gfjd go oáls d ajdvg verhgo dmgqudmd.  (Nehurd 1>).
7;1- ]erg ds ogmemds md d`turd g `drhurd md p`dad. Alfnlrog gxp`eadè÷gs nlrfgaemds fl prlagmeogftl =, etgfs
=;1, =;= g =;7 .  (Nehurd 18).
7;=- Alfnerd gssds ogmemds alo ds md p`dad md ajdvg verhgo. Qg jluvgr mengrgfèd pdrd odelr, `eog alol kä

gfsefdml.  (Nehurd 1:).

7;7- Odrqug d adfd`gtd, fd p`dad md ajdvg verhgo g `eog dtå d prlnufmemdmg emgd` (vgr prlagmeogftl  1  etgfs
1;> g 1;8 ).  (Nehurd 15).
7;>- Gxpgreogftg d ajdvg fd gftrdmd md ngajdmurd. G`d mgvg gftrdr go doils ls `dmls sgo rdspdr fds pdrg-
mgs md adexd.  (Nehurd =2).
7;8- Mgsolftg d ngajdmurd. Ndèd essl alo ouetd dtgfèál g auemdml. Ygterg ls pdrdnusls md tdopd md adexd.
Ygterg uod plr uod ds Hlrhgs, fuogrdfml-ds  4, 9, 1 g =,  fd ogsod sgqðëfaed. Gssd prgaduèál å eoplrtdftg
pdrd, fl ologftl md olftdhgo, fál sg oumdr l sghrgml. Qg fgagssärel, dpñs d rgterdmd md û`teod Hlrhg, pl-
mg-sg terdr d `efhðgtd.  (Nehurd =4).
7;:- Rdrd d olftdhgo prlagmg-sg mg olml efvgrsl. Al`lqug d `efhðgtd, d sghuer d Hlrhg  f» =, f» 1, f» 9  g nefd`-
ogftg d  f» 4.  (Nehurd =9).
7;5- Mgsolftdmd d ngajdmurd, mgexdfml go sgu eftgrelr slogftg d `efhðgtd,
`efhðgtd, al`lqug d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd tgf-
tg dvdfèdr g rgal`jgr d `efhðgtd. Qg g`d lpgrdr gssgs olveogftls sgo meneau`mdmg å plrqug d d`turd md p`dadmd
. ajdvgg gstä ild. Adsl alftr
ajdv alfträrel,
ärel, jdvg
jdvgrä
rä fgag
fgagssemd
ssemdmg
mg mg rgd`ez
rgd`ezdr
dr dkust
dkustgs.
gs.  (Nehurd =1).

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 : EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL

 7;42 - Dagrtdmd d p`dad md ajdvg, al`lqug d  =ª  Hlrhg, kuftl â `efhðgtd.  (Nehurd ==).
Herg d ajdvg g vgrenequg sg dl `gvdftdr d Hlrhg l pefl trdvd md `efhðgtd nead `evrg pdrd pgroeter ls sgus olveogf-
tls. Adsl alfträrel al`lqug d ajdvg fd olrsd g `eog alo l mlrsl md `eod, d advd lfmg d  = ª  Hlrhg idtgu. ^ä
`eodfml dtå l pefl trdvd neadr `evrg mgstrdvdfml d Hlrhg.  (Nehurd =7).  Alol ds Hlrhgs tëo gspgssurds ehudes,
vlaë plmg mevemer d p`dad md ajdvg go  7  pdrtgs.
7;44 - Al`lqug d tgragerd Hlrhg g rgpetd d lpgrdèál dftgrelr. Gxpgreogftg d ajdvg pdrd vgreneadr sg g`d, dl suier
`eigrd d Hlrhg ml pefl trdvd md `efhðgtd. Qg fál `eigrdr, jä fgagssemdmg mg dnufmdr odes d advd. D advd mgstd
1ª Hlrhg, plmg rgsu`tdr go uod advd odes rdsd lu odes nufmd qug d dftgrelr, fuo mgftg ehud` lu ogflr qug
ds `dtgrdes. Fgstg gxgop`l g`d rgsu`td odes nufmd qug md  =ª  Hlrhg.  (Nehurd =>).
7;49 - Al`lqug d  9ª  Hlrhg, g rgpetd ds lpgrdè÷gs dftgrelrgs. ^laë vde fltdr qug gstd advd tgo d ogsod prlnuf-
memdmg qug d md advd md  =ª  Hlrhg. Estl dalftgag plrqug d p`dad md ajdvg pdrd gstg tepl mg ngajdmurd å seoå-
tread, `lhl d preogerd ogtdmg å ehud` â sghufmd ogtdmg. (Nehurd =8).
Rlr essl, sgoprg qug nlr ndzgr ajdvg pdrd ngajdmurd Hlrhg oû`tep`ds, idstd dajdr ds advds g ls mgftgs md pre-
ogerd ogtdmg. Dajdr mg muds ogtdmgs pdrd = Hlrhgs3 pdrd 1 sg nlr mg > Hlrhgs, g dsseo plr medftg.

Nehurd 17 - Ygterg d ngajdmurd md plrtd. Nehurd 1> - ]gfjd d ajdvg verhgo dmgqudmd. d 18 - ]erdfml d ogmemd md `drhurd g d
Nehurd
Nehur
d`turd md p`dad.

Nehurd 1: - Alfngrefml ds ogmemds alo ds md Nehurd 15 -  Odradfml d adfd`gtd. Nehu

Ne rd =2 -   Gxpgreog
hurd Gxpgreogftd
ftdfml
fml d ajd
ajdvg
vg fd
p`dad md ajdvg verhgo. gftrdmd md ngajdmurd.
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 5 EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
 Lrmgo pdrd mgsolftdr ds hlrhgs

1
9

1
9

Lrmgo pdrd olftdr ds hlrhgs

Nehurd =4 - Mgsolftg d ngajdmurd. d =9 - Rrlagmeogftl pdrd olftdhgo.

Nehurd
Nehur Nehurd =1 - Al`lqug d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd.

Refl ]rdvd D `eod alogèd fd advd md qudrtd advd

4d advd (=d hlrhg) prlftd

Rrlftl l preogerl mgftg ml trdtlr

4d mgftg

d == - Alladfml d =ª Hlrhg.
Nehurd
Nehur Nehurd =7 -  Fál nufaelflu, `eog odes uo plual d advd md =ª Hlrhg.

42 mgftg (qug eopu`selfd d `efhugtd)

Advd md = d hlrhg 9d ogtdmg md p`dad, efvgr-

sdogftg ehud` d 4 d ogtdmg

Advd md 1 d hlrhg 4d ogtdmg md p`dad

d => - Advd md 1ª Hlrhg.

Nehurd
Nehur Nehurd =8 - Al`lqug d 9ª Hlrhg.

Rrlagmeogftl F» >

Alfngaèál g Quistetueèál md Ol`d md Hlrhg

Ds ol`ds mds Hlrhgs alstuodo qugirdr lu pgrmgr d n`gxeie`emdmg dpñs d`huo tgopl mg usl.
Rlrtdftl, d sud suistetueèál å ouetl alouo fd prlnessál ml ajdvgerl.

Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds
• ]d`jdmgerd pgqugfd
• Rufèál
• Odrtg`l
• D`e
D`eadt
adtgg
• Dral mg sgrrd
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 42 EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
 >;4 - Rrgfmd d hlrhg fd olrsd.  (Nehurd =:).
>;9- Ygterg alo d pgqugfd td`jdmgerd l pgmdèl md ol`d qugirdmd lu ogsol d ol`d gfnrdqugaemd.  (Nehurd =5).
>;1- Alrtg alo l d`eadtg uo pgmdèl mg drdog n`gxïvg` (drdog mg ol`d), fd ogmemd ml lrehefd`. Qg estl fál nlr
plssïvg`, alrtg odelr g fd jlrd md olftdhgo md ogsod fd ngajdmurd dagrtg l tdodfjl.  (Nehurd 72).
>;=- ^grenequg l alrtg mg gfadexg md ol`d fd Hlrhg. Qg gstevgr ouetl digrtl, pg`ds idtemds md td`jdmgerd fd rg-
olèál, å prgaesl ngajä-`d, idtgfml alo l odrtg`l.  (Nehurd 74).
Dl alfträrel, sg gstevgr ouetl ngajdmd lu rgidridmd, dagrtg alo d `éoefd mg sgrrd.
>;7- Dagrtdml l alrtg gfadexg l drdog g dpgrtg-l gftrg ls olrmgftgs md olrsd lu idtd slirg l drdog alo l
odrtg`l, slirg uod idsg mg ngrrl, qug plmg sgr d pgqugfd iehlrfd md idsg nexd md olrsd.  (Nehurd 79).
>;>- Ogsol qug l drdog pdrgèd gstdr igo nexl, å fgagssärel pufaelfdr, go tlmd vl`td ml alrtg, pdrd qug d gx-
pdfsál ml odtgred` og`jlrg d nexdèál.  (Nehurd 71).

Nehurd =: - Rrgfmgfml d Hlrhg fd olrsd. Nehurd =5 - Ygterdfml d ol`d qugirdmd. Nehurd 72 - Alfngaèál mg lutrd ol`d.

Nehurd 74 -  Ngajdfml l alrtg mg gfadexg md Nehurd 79 -  Gfadexdfml l drdog. urd 71 -  Rufaelfdfml pdrd uod og`jlr
Nehurd
Neh
ol`d nexdèál
Rrlagmeogftl F» 8

Alfngaèál md Ajdvg
Hlrhg plr eoprgssál
Gstd å uod tdrgnd eoplrtdftg pdrd l ajdvgerl, ples alo g`d å rgsl`veml mles prli`gods mg uod sñ vgz.
Å l adsl, plr gxgop`l, md fgagssemdmg mg digrturd g alfngaèál md ajdvg mg alnrgs, aukd ngajdmurd å ml
sestgod Hlrhg g flrod`ogftg sl`mdmd fd plrtd ml alnrg.
Rlråo, plmg sgr dp`eadmd go qud`qugr tepl mg ngajdmurds Hlrhgs oû`tep`ds lu alo sghrgmls, dtå ogsol pdrd
ds pgqugfds ngajdmurds mls oñvges

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 44 EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL

 Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds
• @eod ajdtd olrsd
• @eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd
Lpgrdè÷gs;
- Rreogerdogftg gsal`jd d ajdvg verhgo dmgqudmd â ngajdmurd.
Fl adsl l d`ufl plmgrä usdr uod ngajdmurd mg uo oñvg` mg sud adsd, go hgrd` hudrmd-rlupd, lu dmquerer uod
plr sgr uod ngajdmurd mg idexl austl.
- Mg plssg md ajdvg, ndèd ls dagrtls kä gfsefdmls dftgrelrogftg, qug å l dagrtl md d`turd, `drhurd g prlnufmemd-
mg, sg fgagssärel md p`dad md ajdvg.
8;4- Fl adsl mg ngajdmurd mg alnrg flrod`ogftg fál tgols l rgssd`tl md ajdvg, plrtdftl d ajdvg fál plssue
adfd`gtd, ods seo uo nurl pdrd gfadexdr fl pefl goiuteml fd ngajdmurd.  (Nehurd 7=).
8;9- Fgstgs dagrtls, prefaepd`ogftg fd `eodhgo md d`turd md p`dad, å eoplrtdftg qug ds quefds nequgo igo vevd
(adftl vevl).  (Nehurd 77).
8;1- Ngetl ls dagrtls al`lqug d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd g herg-d pdrd vgreneadr sg g`d gstä pdssdfml, lu og`jlr gf-
trdfml fd ngajdmurd.  (Nehurd 7>). Qg fál herdr å plrqug d `drhurd md p`dad defmd fál gstä alrrgtd.
Qg herdr nlrèdmd, rdspdfml fds `dtgrdes md adexd, å plrqug prgaesd sgr dkustdmd.
8;=- Wod vgz ngetl gstg dkustg, vä herdfml d ajdvg fl sgfteml mg direr dtå qug g`d pdrg dl gfalstdr fd Hlrhg
odes idexd. Nlrag uo plual efml g vl`tdfml d`huods vgzgs pdrd qug ds Hlrhgs odes d`tds odrqugo d quefd
md ajdvg.  (Nehurd 78). Qg gfalftrdr d`huod meneau`mdmg pdrd pgragigr gssd odrad, peftg gssd supgrnïaeg alo teftd
hudajg irdfad, gsod`tg mg ufjd lu dtå ogsol nuodèd mg vg`d. Qg usdr pefturd, fltdrä ndae`ogftg qug dl nlrèdr
d ajdvg alftrd ds Hlrhgs,
Hlrhgs, d teftd rgterdmd tlrfd d odrad odes vesïvg`.
vesïvg`.
8;7- Alo d ajdvg prgsd fd olrsd efeaedols l dprlnufmdr d  4ª  advd alo uod `eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd ehud` d `drhu-
rd md odrad mgexdmd, go hgrd` 9 oe`ïogtrls.  (Nehurd 7:).  D prlnufmemdmg mgvg sgr rdsd. Rdssg teftd dhlrd fl
nufml mgssd advd g tgstg d ajdvg. ]erlu d teftd, dprlnufmg odes d advd, pdssg d teftd g gxpgreogftg. Estl å
rgpgteml dtå qug d teftd ml nufml md advd fál sgkd odes rgterdmd.
Essl sehfenead qug kä ajghlu fd prlnufmemdmg alrrgtd. Estl tdoiåo å pgragieml, qudfml eftrlmuzeols d ajdvg
g dl herdrols fltdols qug g`d dvdfèd, g pärd go lutrds Hlrhgs.
8;>- Mgples mg alfa`uïmd d  4ª  advd. Ygpetd l prlagssl. Reftg flvdogftg d supgrnïaeg md ajdvg, eftrlmuzd d ajd-
vg, nlrèdfml-d fl sgfteml mg direr, pdrd odradr d prñxeod (lu prñxeods) advd d sgr `eodmd.  (Nehurd 75).

Eoplrtdftg
Ogsol usdfml teftd, `eodr sgoprg alo adftls vevls, dkumd idstdftg fd emgfteneadèál. Lutrl plftl d sgr rgd`èdml
å qug â ogmemd qug sg al`lad d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd g sg nlrèd fl sgfteml mg direr, g`d vde dmgftrdfml odes fd
ngajdmurd, l qug sehfenead sud pdssdhgo pg`d Hlrhg.
- Wod vgz alfstdtdmd d sghufmd odrad, pdssg d `eodr alfnlrog ngetl fd preogerd. Dprlnufmg dls pluals, pef-
tg l nufml md advd g gxpgreogftg.]log auemdml pdrd fál "gsalrrghdr" d `eod efvdmefml l gspdèl mg lutrds Hlr-
hgs.
- Alfa`uïmd d  9ª  advd, gxpgreogftg d ajdvg, qug dvdfèd odes uo plual g pärd fd  1ª  Hlrhg. Rdssg teftd, g tlr-
fg d eftrlmuzer d ajdvg, nlrèdfml-d fl sgfteml mg direr. Nealu vesïvg` d  1ª  odrad pdssg d `eodr alol mds vgzgs
dftgrelrgs.
- Ngetd d  1ª  advd, gxpgreogftg d ajdvg, g odrqug d  =ª  advd. Ygpetd d lpgrdèál mg `eodhgo pdrd gstd advd qug
fl adsl sgrä d û`teod.
- Alop`gtdmd d  =ª  advd, dl gxpgreogftdr d ajdvg g`d mgvg herdr direfml d ngajdmurd. Adsl sgkd ngajdmurd aukd
`efhðgtd tgo dpgfds uo dvdfèl. Qg nlr mg mles dvdfèls, alftefug herdfml d ajdvg. Adsl g`d fál alop`gtg l
herl pdrd puxdr d `efhðgtd, rgterg d ajdvg g vgrenequg go qug advd lu mgftgs dpdrgago ds odrads. @eog dls plu-
als gssgs plftls dtå d ajdvg herdr g direr.

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 49 EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL

 ]gstg väreds vgzgs d ajdvg g vgrenequg sgu nufaelfdogftl, qug mgvg sgr odael, sgo trdfals lu gsnlrèls. Adsl
g`d herg nlrèdmd, vgrenequg lfmg gstä l mgngetl, idstdfml, pdrd essl vgreneadr go qug mgftg lu advd gstä dpdrg-
agfml uo ire`jl. Ygidexg uo plual fgssg plftl g alo agrtgzd gstdrä sl`uaelfdml l prli`god.  (Nehurd >2).
Dtgfèál;  Ad
 Adsl
sl dl tgroe
tgroefdr
fdr d =ª  advd g gxpgreogftdr d ajdvg, gstd fál alop`gtdr l herl pdrd
rgal-`jgr d `efhðgtd, dl terä-`d erä vgreneadr qug d d`turd ml mgftg qug alrrgsplfmg dl mgftg trdtlr gstä d`tl
l qug sehfenead
sehfenead qug tlmd d p`dad md ajdvg gstä d`td.Mgvg-s
d`td.Mgvg-sgg gftál idexdr d d`turd ml mgftg lu mgft
mgftgs
gs
d`tls.  (Nehurd >4).

Adftls vevls

D ajdvg pdssd pg`ds `dtgrdes md adexd

Nehurd 7= - D ajdvg fál plssue adfd`gtd. urd 77 -   Ds quefds tëo qug neadr igo
Nehurd
Neh Nehur
Ne d 7> -   ^grene
hurd ^grenequ
qugg sg d aj
ajdv
dvgg gs
gstä
tä
vevds nufaelfdfml.

Odrad md flvd advd, dprlnufmdr dtå mg-

Odrad md 4d advd sdpdrgagr.

Nehurd 78 - Reftg d supgrnïaeg alo gsod`tg. Nehurd 7: - Rdssg d teftd fd advd. Nehu
Ne rd 75 -   Ygpgtefml
hurd Ygpgtefml prlagss
prlagssll pdrd
odradr ds prñxeods advds pdrd `eodr.

Ire`jl 4d eoprgssál fd plftd p`dad d`td

Nehurd >2 - ^gkd sg d advd gstä alo ire`jl. Nehurd >4 - Alfa`uïmd d añped md ajdvg.

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 41 EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL

 Rrlagmeogftl F» :

Digrturd
Digrturd mg ngajdm
ngajdmurds
urds Hlrhg
Hlrhgs
s
D digrturd mg ngajdmurds Hlrhgs plmgrä sgr ngetd alo uod mds muds ngrrdogftds qug vdols gfsefdr fgstd tdrgnd.

Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds
• Odrtg`l
• @eod ajdtd oursd
• Rgmrd mg mgsidstg pdrd gsogre` lu pdrd nurdmgerd
Alfngaèál
Alfngaèál md Rreoge
Rreogerd
rd Ngrrdo
Ngrrdogftd
gftd (‐Ajdvg‟)
OD]GYED@;
• Ajdvg Hlrhg qud`qugr
Lpgrdè÷gs;
:;4- Rghug d ajdvg Hlrhg verhgo g `eog fd d`turd g `drhurd mg dalrml alo l tepl mg gftrdmd md ajdvg.  (Nehurd
>9).
:;9 - @eog d gspgssurd md ajdvg dtå qug g`d pdssg pg`l rgssd`tl gxestgftg fl adfd` md ajdvg.  (Nehurd >1).
Lisgrvg qug d p`dad nead igo nefd g fál ouetl rgsestgftg. Rlr estl gstd ajdvg, qug dhlrd å uod ngrrdogftd qug
neadrä d sud mesplseèál fl sgu med-d-med, fál mgvgrä sgr ouetl nlrèdmd. Qál fgagssäreds  1  ajdvgs alo d`turd
mg p`dads mengrgftgs odes lu ogfls alo 8, 42 g 49oo. (Nehurd >=).

Nehurd >9 - Ygd`ezg ls dagrtls... urd >1 -   ...dtå qug d ajdvg pdssg pg`l
Nehurd
Neh Nehurd >= -  Alfa`uïmd d ngrrdogftd ‐ajdvg‟.
adfd` md ajdvg.
Alfngaèál
Alfngaèál md Qghufm
Qghufmd
d Ngrrdo
Ngrrdogftd
gftd (‐Drdog‟)
OD]GYED@;
Wo drdog mg odes lu ogfls 92 ao mg alopreogftl, g 1 oe`ïogtrls mg meéogtrl. Wo odtgred` ilo g idrdtl
pdrd gstd ngrrdogftd å l rdel mg drl mg rlmd mg oltl.
Lpgrdè÷gs;
:;=- Dhlrd pghug l drdog lu rdel mg rlmd g prgfmd fd olrsd, rgterg d plrquefjd md plftd g alrtg alo d sgrrd
d pdrtg md rlsad.  (Nehurd >7).  Ygterg l drdog md olrsd.
:;7 - Al`lqug l drdog fd olrsd fd plseèál vgrtead`, mgexdfml uod plftd mg dprlxeodmdogftg 42 oe`ïogtrls
pdrd aeod.  (Nehurd >>).
- Mlirg gssd plftd alo l d`eadtg g alop`gtg d mlirdmurd d 52²(hrdus) alo l odrtg`l. Ygterg l drdog md olrsd.
:;>- Al`lqug flvdogftg
flvdogftg l drdog fd olrsd g mlirg pdrd ndzgr
ndzgr d gopufjdmurd.
gopufjdmurd.  (Nehurd >8).
Gssd mlird mgvg neadr d odes lu ogfls > ao md plftd mlirdmd g d 52²(hrdus). Ygterg l drdog md olrsd.
:;8- Rrgfmd-l fd olrsd fd plseèál olstrdmd fd  nehurd >:, pdrd ndzgr d  9ª  mlird md gopufjdmurd.
Dhlrd alo l d`eadtg mlirg odes lu ogfls 12 ²(hrdus), odes md ogtdmg md  4ª  mlird.
:;:- Alo gssd mlird alfa`uïols d ngrrdogftd qug mgvg neadr alfnlrog  nehurd >5.
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 4= EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
 42 oe`ïogtrls Rrlagmeogftl pdrd
efeaedr d 4ª mlird

Nehurd >7 - Rrgfmd l rdel fd olrsd Nehurd >> - Al`lqug l drdog fd plseèál vgrtead` fd olrsd.

Rrlagmeogftl pdrd efeaedr d

4ª mlird md gopufjdmurd
9ª mlird

Ngrrdogftd alfa`uïmd

Nehurd >8 - Alfngaèál md 4ª gopufjdmurd. Nehu

Ne rd >: -   Mlirg
hurd Mlirg l drd
drdog
og odes lu ogfls Nehurd >5 -  ^gkd d ngrrdogftd prlftd.
12²(hrdus) pdrd alfngaaelfdr d 9ª gopufjdmurd.
Dtgfèál; ^gkdols dhlrd alol dp`eadr gssds ngrrdogftds fd digrturd mg ngajdmurds Hlrhg ûfead g ds
dtudes
dtudes mg plrtds eftgrfds alo l ogso
ogsol
l ogad
ogadfesol
fesol Ud`g.
^dols usdr preogerdogftg d ngrrdogftd "ajdvg".
:;5- Eftrlmuzd d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd. Dhlrd vgrenequg d plseèál md ngajdmurd fd plrtd sg g`d ngajd pdrd d mergetd
lu pdrd d gsqugrmd. Quplfml qug g`d ngajg pdrd d mergetd, merekd d ajdvg pdrd d mergetd g vä herdfml-d pdrd d gs-
qugrmd mg nlrod qug g`d `gvdftg
` gvdftg d Hlrhg ûfead lu l ogadfesol mg dvdfèl, fl adsl mds odes olmgrfds.  (Nehu-
rd 82).
- Kä l drdog å odes, dprlpredml pdrd ds ngajdmurds dtudes, ples g`g `gvdftd l ogadfesol mg dvdfèl, ples gstds
ngajdmurds fál plssugo Hlrhgs.
:;42 - Eftrlmuzd l drdog fl adfd` md ajdvg.
Lisgrvg d plseèál mg ngajdogftl md plrtd, sg pdrd mergetd lu pdrd gsqugrmd. Merekd d plftd ml drdog pdrd l
`dml mg rgtlrfl md `efhðgtd alfnlrog nle ngetl alo d ajdvg, `gvdftg l ogadfesol mg dvdfèl g herg l drdog pdrd
rgtlrfdr d `efhðgtd.   (Nehurd 84).  Rdrd digrturd mg ngajdmurds Hlrhgs oû`tep`ds, lu alo sghrgml rgalogfmd-
sg ndzgr d digrturd plr eoprgssál alfnlrog gfsefdml.

Nehurd 82 - Wte`ezdfml d 4ª ngrrdogftd ‐ajdvg‟. Nehurd 84 - Wte`ezdfml d 9ª ngrrdogftd ‐drdog‟.

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 47 EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL

 Rrlagmeogftl F» 5

Alfngaèál mg uo
Rlrtd Refls g Ol`ds
Gstg å uo mesplsetevl ouetl ûte` pdrd l prlnesselfd` ajdvgerl, ples å fg`g qug sg al`lad ls pefls, alftrd pefls g
ol`efjds ml sestgod Ud`g, qudfml md mgsolftdhgo ml ae`efmrl.

Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds
• Nurdmgerd
• Irlad pdrd odmgerd ml tepl ajdtd mg 92oo
• Yåhud
• @äpes
OD]GYED@;
• Wo pgmdèl mg odmgerd (täiud
(täiud lu alop
alopgfsd
gfsdml)
ml) mg fl oïfeol 9 ao mg gspgssurd,
gspgssurd, 92 ao plr alopreogftl
alopreogftl g
: ao mg `drhurd.
Lpgrdè÷gs;
- Mevemd gssd odmgerd go =  pdrtgs ehudes fl sgfteml md `drhurd g go 8  fl sgfteml ml alopreogftl, g resqug
alfnlrog olstrd ds  nehurds 89.
Ygnlrag alo uo pufèál lu prghl, ls aruzdogftls mds `efjds, fls plftls  4, 9, 1, =, 7, >, 8, :, 5, 42, 44 g 49.
- Dhlrd alo d irlad mg odmgerd ml tepl ajdtl 92oo al`ladmd
al`ladmd fd nurdmgerd, ndèd ls nurls alo uod prlnuf-memdmg
prlnuf-memdmg
oäxeod mg  =  oe`ïogtrls.  (Nehurd 81).
- Alop`gtg d nurdèál mls mlzg plftls. Dhlrd, md gsqugrmd pdrd d mergetd fuogrg mg 4  d  49  gftrg ds "idfmg-
 kefjds", vdols ajdodr dsseo gssgs rgidexls ngetls pg`d irlad.  (Nehurd 8=).
Gstä alfa`uïml l mesplsetevl plrtd pefls g ol`efjds.

92 ao

    o
    a
     9

    o
    a
     9     o
    a
    o      :
    a
     9

    o
    a
     9

Nehurd 89 - Ygd`ezdfml d odradèál fd odmgerd pdrd...

Nehurd d 81 - ...ndzgr ls nurls.
Nehurd
Nehur

alftrd pefls g ol`efjds

4 9 1 = 7 >
Refl
Qghrgml :
8 5 42 44 49

d 8= - ^gkd d pgèd prlftd.

Nehurd
Nehur

AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4 4> EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL