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A project in south Pakistan where the temperature ranged from of 450 to 200 in summer and winter
respectively. The ground water table in autumn is 2 m depth. This GWT rise to the soil surface (i.e. 0 m
depth) in winter and drop to 3 m depth at the summer. For all layers, the uniformity coefficient is ≈ 1 and
D10 is 0.1 mm. Consider the effective stress parameter (Bishop’s parameter) is 0.5 and ua is 0. The client
asks to provide the effective stress at depth 2 m, 4 m, and 7 m for this area which, only, will be considered
2m
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡=19.5 𝑘𝑁⁄ 𝛾𝑑=18 𝑘𝑁⁄
𝑚3 𝑚3