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CYCLOPEDIA OF
Music and Musicians
Volume III
NAAMAN— ZWILLINGSBRUDER
CYCLOPEDIA OF
MUSIC AND MUSICIANS
EDITED BY
JOHN DENISON CHAMPLIN, JR.
CRITICAL EDITOR
WILLIAM FOSTER APTHORP
lyjTH MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS
VOLUME III
NHW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
M DCCC XC
32275
Copyright, i8qo, by
Charles Scribiier's Sons.

Mnaitf
Library
i o o
V.3
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FULL- PAGE PORTRAITS
To Face
Page
I. JEAN PHILIPPE RAMEAU
From the engravitig by Beuoist, . ^2
2. GIOACCHINO ANTONIO ROSSINI

From the lithograph by August Lemoine, 80
3. ANTON GREGOR RUBINSTEIN

From a photograph, Brussels, 128
4. CAMILLE SAINT-SAENS
From a photograph, Paris, 176
^. ALESSANDRO SCARLATTI
From a lithograph, after the painting by Solimeua, .... 224
vii
,
6. FRANZ SCHUBERT ^'^^f'
From the engraving by Passini, after the painting by Rieder, . . 2y2
7. ROBERT SCHUMANN
From the lithograph by Giistav Feckert, ?20
8. LOUIS SPOHK
From the lithograph by C. Koch, _^68
9. GASPARO SPONTINI
From the engraving by Fried rich IVilhetm Bollinger, . . . . 416
10. GIUSEPPE VERDI

From a photograph, Milan, . 464
11. RICHARD WAGNER

From a photograph, Mnnich, 5/2
12. KARL MARIA VON WEBER

/•>.)/// the engraving by Wool not h, after the painting by Carl yogel . 'j6o
vlU
.
PORTRAITS OF MUSICIANS.
DRAWN BY VALfmiEN GKIBAYi^DOFP.
1. Nanini, Giovanni Maria 5 32. Parker, Henry 83

2. Napravnik, Eduard G 33. Parker, Horatio William 83
3. Nardini, Pietro 6 34. Parker, James Cutler Dunn 84
4. Nares, James 7 35. Parker, Louis Napoleon 84
5. Naumanu, Emil 8 36. Parry, Josepb 8()
6. Naumanu, Jobaun Gottlieb 9 37. Pattison, Jobn Nelson 96

7. Naylor, John 10 38. Pauer, Ernst 96
8. Nessler, Victor Ernst 12 39. Peace, Albert Lister 100
9. Neuendorff, Adolph 13 40. Pearce, Ste^Dlien Austen 100
10. Neukomm, Sigismund von 14 41. Pease, Alfred Humpbreys 101
11. Neusiedler, Melchior 15 42. Peufield, Smitb Newell 103
12. Nicode, Jean Louis 16 43. Pepuscb, Jobann Cbristopb 104
13. Nicolai, Otto 16 44. Perabo, Ernst 105
14. Notker, Balbulus, facsimile 25 45. Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista 106
15. Novello, Vincent 26 46. Pessard, Emile Louis Fortune... 113
47. Petrella, Errico 115
Francois Andre Danican-. 118
48. Pbilidor,
16. Oakeley, Herbert Stanley 30
49. Pbilp, Elizabetb 121
17. Oakey, George 31
50. Piatti, Alfredo 122
18. Obertbur, Karl 33
51. Piccinni, Nicola 123
19. Offenbacb, Jacques 37
52. Pierson, Henry Hugo 127
20. Osborne, George Alexander 52
53. Pinsuti, Giro 129
21. Otto, Julius 56
54. Plantade, Cbarles Henri 134
22. Ouseley, Frederick Artbur Gore . 57
55. Pleyel, Iguaz Josef 135
56. Poncbielli, Amilcare 140
23. Paiir, Ferdinando 62 57. Popper, David 141
24. Paganini, Niccolo 64 58. Porpora, Niccolo Antonio 142
25. Paine, Jobn Knovvles 66 59. Porta, Giovanni 145
26. Paisiello, Giovanni 68 60. Potter, Cipriani 147
27. Paix, Jakob 70 61. Prati, Alessio 149
28. Paladilbe, :^.mile 70 62. Priitorius, Micbael 150
29. Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da. 71 63. Pratt, Silas Gamaliel 150
30. Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da, 64. Procb, Heinricb 155
facsimile 72 65. Prout, Ebenezer 159
31. Paminger, Leoubardt 76 66. Prudent, Emilo 159
.
PORTRAITS OF MUSICIANS
G7. Pugnaui, Gaetauo 1G3 109. Rubinstein, Anton Gregor . . .
G8. Purcell, Heury It^J: 110. Rubinstein, Nicolai

111. Rudorff, Ernst
C9. Quantz, Jolianii Joachim 170 112. Rungenhagen, Carl Friedrich.

113. Russell, Henry
70. Hair, Joachim 174

71. llameau, Jean Philippe
72. Randegger, Alberto
73. Rappoldi, Ediiai'd
74. Raiizzini, Yeiianzio
75. Kebtr, Napok'on Henri
7G. llebling, Gustav
77. Reeve, "William
78. Reichardt, Johami Fricdrich
79. Reinecke, Karl
80. Reiukeu, Johanu Adam
81. Reinthaler, Karl
82. Reissiger, Karl Gottlieb
83. Remeuyi, Eduard
84. Reyer, Louis Iiltienne Ernest ....
85. Rheiuberger, Josej^h
8G. Ricci, Federigo
87. Ricci, Luigi
88. liichards, Brinley
89. Ricbardsou, Joseph
90. Richter, Ernst Friedrich Eduard
91. Riedel, Karl
92. Ries, Ferdinand
93. Ries, Franz
94. Rietz, Julius
95. Rimski - Korsakoff, Nicolai An-
dreyevitch
9G. Ritter, Frederic Louis
97. Roberts, John Varley
98. Rochlitz, Johann Friedrich
99. Rode, Pierre
100. Rolla, Alessandro
101. Romberg, Andreas
102. Romberg, Bernhanl
103. Root, George Frederick
104. Rore, Cipriano de
105. Rossi, Lauro
lOG. Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio, in
1820
107. Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio, in
18G5
108. Rouget de Lisle, Claude Joseph . .
.
PORTRAITS OF MUSIGIAIfS
PAGE PAGE
155. Singer, Edmund 383 198. Tuma, Franz 506
156. Sivori, Ernesto Camillo 386 199. Turpin, Edmund Hart 508
157. Smart, George 389
158. Smart, Henry 389 200. Van der Stucken, Frank Valentin 520
159. Smith, Alice Mary 390 201. Verdi, Giuseppe, in 1859 527
160. Smith, John Stafford 391 202. Verdi, Giuseppe, in 1880 527
161. Smith, Sydney 392 203. Vierling, Georg 537
162. Smith, Wilson George 392 204. Vieuxtemps, Henri 538
163. Solomon, Edward 397 205. Vinci, Leonardo 54U
161. Spenser, Willard 409 206. Viotti, Giovanni Battista 541
165. Spindler, Fritz 410 207. Vivaldi, Antonio 544
166. Spohr, Louis 411 208. Vogler, Georg Josejih 546
167. Spontini, Gasparo 414 209. Vogrich, Max 546
168. Staden, Johann 420 210. Volkmann, Robert 548
169. Stainer, John 422
170. Stanford, Charles Villiers 423 211. Wagner, Richard, in 1853 542
171. Stanley, John 424 212. Wagner, Richard, in 1880 542
172. Steibelt, Daniel 213. Wallace, Vincent 560
429
173. Stei^hens, Charles Edward 430 214. Wâlliser, Chi-istoph Thomas 561
174. Sternberg, Constantin Ivano- 215. Wallnofer, Adolf 561
vitch 431 216. Webbe, Samuel 567
175. Stevenson, John Andrew 432 217. Weber, Carl Maria von, in 1809. 568
.
176. Stobaus, Johann 434 218. Weber, Carl Maria von, in 1825 569.
177. StOr, Karl 434 219. Weber, Gottfried 573

178. Strauss, Eduard 438 220. Weigl, Joseph 575
179. Strauss, Johann, the elder 438 221. Wels, Charles 580
180. Strauss, Johann, the younger . . . 439 222. Wesley, Samuel Sebastian 583
181. Strauss, Joseph 440 223. Westbrooke, William Joseph .... 584
182. Sullivan,Arthur Seymour 445 224. Wcstrop, Henry John 585
183. Suppe, Franz von 447 225. Widmann, Erasmus 588
184. Svendsen, Jolian 448 226. Wieniawski, Henri 589
185. Sweelinck, Jan Pieter 449 227. Wieniawski, Joseph 590
186. Syeroff, Alexander Nikolaye- 228. Wilhelm, Karl 591
vitch 450 229. Wilhelmj, August 591
187. Sympson, Christopher 452 230. Willaert, Adrian 591
231. Willmers, Heinrich Rudolf 593
232. Wilson, John 594
188. Tartini, Giuseppe 461 233. Winter, Peter von 59(5
189. Taubert, Wilhelm 462 Worn, Joseph
234. COO
190. Tausig, Karl 464 235. Wollenhaupt, Hermann Adolph.. 601
191. Telemann, Georg Philipp 466 236. Wiierst, Richard 60:5
192. Thalberg, Sigismund 473 237. Wiillner, Franz 603
193. Thomas, Ambroise 479
194. Tosti, Francesco Paolo 490 238. Zelter, Karl Friedrich 610
195. Tozzi, Antonio 490 239. Zoeller, Carli 616
196. Traetta, Tommaso 491 240. Z;)llner, Karl Friedrich 617
197. Tschaikowsky, Peter 504 241. Zumsteeir, Johann Rudolf 618
-^
xi
.
.
PORTRAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, FACSIMILES,

ETC.
PAGE
1. Autof^'aph of Pictro Nardini, 27. Portrait of Pauline Viardot-Garcia . 157
1790 6 28. Roger, as John of Leyden 157
2. Autograph of Johann Gottlieb Nau- 29. Birthplace of Henry Purcell 165
maun, 1761 9 30. Autograph of Henry Purcell 168
3. Autograph of Otto Nicolai, 1841 . 17 31. Portrait of Giovanni Battista Ru-
4. Portrait of Giulia Grisi 24 bini 168
|
5. Portrait of Angelica Catalani 28 Antonio Tamburini ....

32. Portrait of 168
G. Eugenia Pappenheim.
Portrait of 31 33. Autograph of Johann Joachim
7. Autograph of Jacques Oflfenbach, Quantz, 1733 171
1858 38 34. Autograph of Joachim Raff, 1875 . 176
8. Portrait of Pauline Milder-Haupt- 35. Autograph of Jean Philippe Ra-
mann 42 meau, 1749 181
9. Autograph of George Onslow, 36. Autograjih of Anton Reicha, 1806 . 192
1836 44 37. Autograph of Johann Friedrich
10. Portrait of Giuseppa Grassini .... 45 Reichardt, 1812 193
11. Helene Hastreiter, as Orpheus.. . 50 38. Autograph of Karl Reinecke, 1883 . 195
12. Manuel Garcia, as Otello 54 39. Portrait of Mme Gueymard 196
13. Pasta, as Desdemona 54 40. Portrait of Euphrosyne Parepa-
14. Portrait of Tamagno 55 Rosa 197
15. Autograph of Ferdinando Paiir, 41. Portrait of Antoinette Cecile Saint-
1803 63 Huberty 201
16. Paganini, in 1831 65 42. Autograph of George Reutter,
17. Autograph of Paganini 66 1761 207
18. Autograph of Paisiello, 1811 70 43. Autograph of Joseph Rheinbergcr,
19. Autograph of Palestrina, 1589 74 1872 210
20. Portrait of Desiree Art6t 80 44. Carl Hill, as Alberich 211
21. AVinckelmann, as Parsifal 87 45. Portrait of Fanny Moran-Olden . . 212
22. Portrait of Emma Nevada 110 46. Portrait of Faustina Bordoui 213
23. Autograph of Louis de Per.suis, 47. Tichatschek, as Rienzi 220
1817 112 48. Autograph of Ferdinand Ries,
24. Autograph of Jacopo Antonio 1816 221
Perti 113 49. Autograph of Julius Rietz, 1855 224
. .
GahrielleKrauss. 139 50.

25. Portrait of Marie Portrait of Padilla-y-Ramos 225
26. Autograph of Michael Priitorius, 51. Portrait of Julie Aimee Dorus-
1616 150 Gras 235
zii
.
PORTRAITS OF SI AGGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, ETC.

PAGE
52. Autograph of Pierre Kode, 1827 239 . 81. Autograph of Joseph Schuster,
53. Portrait of Francesca Cuzzoni .... 239 1780 350
54. Portrait of Josephine De Reszko 243 . 82. Autograph of Heinrich Schutz,
55. Autograph of Andreas Romberg, 1624 352
1816 247 83. Autograph of Sinaon Sechter,
56. Autograph of Bernhard Romberg, 1837 357
1828 248 84. Portrait of Josephine Mainvielle-
57. Autograph of Cipriano de Rore, Fodor 361
1558 252 85. Sofia Scalchi, as Ai'sace 362
58. Autograph of Gioacchino Rossini, 86. Autograph of Ludwig Senfl, 1537 . 363
1853 262 87. Geoi-g linger, as Siegfried 374
59. Autograph of Claude Joseph Rou- 88. Lilli Lehmann, as Brunnhilde . . . 375
get de Lisle 265 89. Portrait of Gustave Hippolite
60. Autograph of Anton Rubinstein, Roger 384
1872 270 90. Delphiue Ugalde, as Queen Eliza-
61. Autograph of Henry Russell 276 beth 401
62. Autograph of Antonio Maria Gas- 91. Portrait of Maria Catarina Cara-
paro Sacchini, 1784 282 dori-Allan 402
63. Autograph of Camille Saint-Saiins. 288 92. Facsimile of Spohr's jMS. : Dop-
64. Autograph of Antonio Salieri, pel-Quartet in G minor 412
1816 293 93. Autographs of Louis Sjôhr, 1845 . 414
65. Autograph of Antonio Scandelli, 94. Autogi-aph of Gasparo Spontini,
1574 307 1816 416
66. Autograph of Alessandro Scarlatti, 95. Autograph of Agostino Steffimi,
1706 309 1709 428
67. Autograph of Samuel Scheldt, 96. Autograph of Johann Strauss, the
1624 315 elder, 1834 439
68. Autograph of Johann Schenk, 97. Autograph of Johann Strauss, the
1830 316 3'ounger 440
69. Autograph of Johann Gottfried 98. Autograph of Xikolaus Adam
Schicht, 1807 317 Strungk, 1697 442
70. Autograph of Friedrich Schneider, 99. Autograph of Ai-thur Seymour
1830 326 Sullivan 445
71. Facsimile of Schubert's MS. : Der 100. Autograph of Alexander Syeroflf,
Erlkonig 335 1862 450
72. Schubert's Tomb 336 101. Autograph of Giovanni Tadolini . 453
73. Autographs of Franz Schubert ... 340 102. Autograph of Tliomas Tallys .... 456
74. Autograph of Julius Schulhoff 342 103. Portrait of Sabina Heiuefotter. . . 457
75. Autograph of Johann Abraham 104. Anton Schott, as Tannliiiuscr. . . . 458
Peter Schulz, 1797 343 105. Portrait of Johanna Wagner 459
76. Autograph Schumann .... 344
of Clara 106. Autograph of Giuseppe Tartini,
77. Birthplace of Robert Schumann 345 1731
. .
462
78. Grave of Robert Schumann 346 Autograph of Karl Tausig, 1866.
107. . 464
79. Facsimile of Schumann's MS.: Al- 108. Autograph of Georg Philipp Telc-
bum f Ur die Jugend 347 mann, 1729 467
80. Autograph of Robert Schumann, 109. Autograph of Sigismund Thal-
1841 349 berg, 1838 474
xlU
.
PORTRAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, ETC.

PAGE
110. Autograpli of Ainbroise Thomas
111. Portrait of Maria Piccolomiui . . .
112. ludieuue in Le triomphe de

I'amour
113. Portrait of Ludwig Schuorr von
Carol.sfeld
1 14. Portrait of Marie Sasse
115. Portr;iit of Frauyois Yillarct
IIG. Portrait of Itonzi de Beguis
117. Portrait of Giglio Nordica
118. Statue of Verdi, at Milan
11*.). Autograph of Verdi
120. Portrait of Judic
121. Portrait of Fursch-Madi
122. Autogi-aph of Henri Vieuxtemps.
123. Autograpli of Giovanni liattista
Viotti
121. Autograiili of Georg Joseph Vog-
kr
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Lomenie, Louis de. Spoutini, par un bomme
Kelly, Micbael. Reminiscences. 2 vols. Lon-
de rien. Paris, 1841.
don, 1826.
Kennedy, Cbarles Lamb. Memoir of Micbael
William Balfe. London, 1876.
Kirnberger, Jobann Pbilipi). Die Kunst dcs ITADELAINE, STEPHEN DE L.\. Bio.
^*-
reinen Satzes in der Musik. Berlin, grapbio dc Jean-Francois Lesueur. Paris,
1774-79. 1841.
Kocb, Eduard Emil. Gescbicbte des Kircben- Mainwariug, Rev. Jobn. ISfomdirs of Georgo
lieds. Stuttgart, 1866-67. Frederick Handel. London, 1760.
.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Malibran, Alexandre. Louis Spohr, seiu Leben "VIEUMANN, W. Die Componisten der neueren
niulWirken. Frankfort, 1860. Zeit. ^
Leipsic, 185-i.
Maret, Hugnes. £loge historique do Rameau. North, Roger. Memoirs of Musick, edited by
Dijon, 1766. Dr. Edward F. Rinibault. London, 1846.
Marx, Adolf Bernard. Anleitung zuni Yor- Nottebohm, Martin Gnstav. Skizzcubucli von
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Masse, Thomas, and Deschamps. Anthony.
Pai-r et Rossini. Paris, 1820.
AETTINGER, EDUARD MARIA. Spontini.
Mumoires pour servir it do la revolu-
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Mendel, Hermann. Otto Nicolai. Eine Bio- completed by Filippo Cicconetti. Rome,
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Dr. Carl Mendelssohn-Bartlioldy, and recuoillis en 1866. Brussels, 1867.
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Cliristoijh von Gluck. Vienna, 1775. sels, 1866.
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Scliebest, Agnes. Aus dem Leben einer Kiiust-
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German translation by Otto Kade. gen. Leipsic, 1882. English translation
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und seine Werke. Berlin, 1825. ard Wagner. Vienna, 1883.
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Stadler, Maximilian. Vertheidigung der Echt- lyANOLINI, ANTONIO. Biografia di Gioac-
Leit des Mozart Requiem. Vienna, 1820. ^ chino Rossini. Bologna, 1875.
TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS.
A., Alto. M., Monsieur.

13., B.1SS, Basso, cic. Mile, Mademoiselle.
Bar., Baritone. Mme, Madame.
B. M. v., Beata ]\Iaria Virgo. MS., MSS., Manuscript, Manuscripts
Biog., Biography, Biografia, etc. M. S., Mezzo-soprano.
Cath., Cathedral. Mus. Bac, Bachelor of Music.
Ch., Church. Mas. Doc, Doctor of Music.
Col., Collection. n. d., no date.
do., ditto. op., opus, opera.

etc., et cetera. R. A. M., Ro3-al Academy of Music.
et seq., et sequentia. S., Soprano.
Fr., French. S., Sta., San, Santa.
Gar., German. S. M., Santa Maria.
ib., ibidem. Sp., Spanish.
id., idem. St., Saint.
It., Italian. T., Tenor.
L. of Honour, Legion of Honour. Voc, Voces.
Lib., Liber. Vol., Volume.
Words in italics indicate the aljjhabetical place of articles on the subjects specified.
: ;
CYCLOPEDIA
OF
Music and Musicians.
NAAMAN, oratorio in two parts, text takes advantage for self-aggrandizement

by W. Bartholomew, music by Sir her downfall, and the expiation of the king.
Michael Costa, first performed at the This opera was first given in Vienna in
Birmingham (England) Festival, Sept. 7, 1843 in Berlin in 1844 and in London
; ;
18G4. Characters represented Naaman as Nino, March 4, 184G. It was first repre-
:
(T.), Mr. Sims Reeves Elisha (Bar.),

;
Mr. sented in New York, April 4, 1848. Pub-
Santley Gehazi (B.), Mr. Cummings Adah lished by Diabelli (Vienna, 1844).
; ; Same
(S.), Mile Adelina Patti The Shunamite subject, Nebukadnezar, Gei-mau opera, text
;
Widow (A.), Mme Rudersdorif. It was by Menantes, music by Reinhardt Reiser,

again sung at the same place, Sept. 1, 1870, Hamburg, 1704 Nabuchodonosor, Italian ;
and was given by the Handel and Haydn opera seria, or oratorio, text by Rocco
Society, Boston, March 27, 18G9. Pub- Maria Rossi, music by Attilio Ai-iosti, Vi-
lished by Addison & Co. (London, 18G4). enna, 170G Nabuco, Portuguese ballet in ;
— Athenffium (18G4), ii. 345, 378 (1870), ii. one act, by Pinto, Lisbon, about 1850 and
;
;
34G (1878), i. 19G.

;
an operetta in one act, by J. J. Debillcmont,
NABUCCO, Italian opera in four acts, Paris, 1871. Clement et Larousse, 471 — ;
text by Solera, music by Verdi, first repre- Grove, iv. 24G Allgem. mus. Zcitg., xlvi. ;
sented at La Scala, Milan, March 9, 1842, 265 Athenannn (184G), 250. ;
with the following cast NACCIARONE, GUGLIEL:\I0, born in

Naples, Feb. 18, 1837, still li%-ing, 1890.
Nabucco (Bar.) Signer Rouconi.
Pianist, son of the following, pupil of ]\Ii-
Zaccaria (B.) Signor Dcrivis.
chele Marrano, and in composition of his
Ismaele (T.) Signor Miraglia.
father he appeared successfully in i)ublic
Abigailc (S.) Mme Strepponi. ;
at the age of ten, and two years after played

Fenena (A.) Mmo BoUinzagi. Return-
in Paris, applauded by Thalberg.
The original title, Nabucodonosor, was ing to Naples in 1S51, he was heard in
shortened to Nabucco. It was the first Florence, and in 1858 made a concert tour
opera that established Verdi's reputation in through Germany. Pier do' ilc- Works :
Franco. The subject treats of Nebuchad- dici, opera Cantata 2 symphonies for or- ; ;
nezzar's madness, of which a captive, Abi- chestra; IMiserero Pianoforte pieces; Ro- ;
gailc, who pretends to be of noblo birth. mances, etc.— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 259.
;
NACCIARONE
NACCIAEONE, NICOLA, born in Na- court to ask aid from the Prince in securing
ples, April 2, 1802, died there, December, Gabrielle's hand, follows him to the Moor-
187G. Pianist, pupil at the Conservatorio ish castleand arrives in time to defend
of Eaffat'lle Cioffi Giuseppe Elia and
and of ; him from the huntsmen, who have conspired
in singing of Luigi Mosca, in harmony and to kill him. Afterwards he is rewarded with
counterpoint of Fenaroli and Zingarelli, the hand of Gabrielle. The opera was given
and private pupil on the pianoforte of John in Paris in 1843 and in New York in 18G4.
;
Field. Works Requiem, 1859 Sanctus

: ;
Published by Diabelli (Vienna).
for eight voices, and other church music ;
NACHTLIED (Night Song), song by
4 symphonies for orchestra Funeral sym- ; Hebbel, set for solo, chorus, and orchestra,
l)hony Quartets for pianoforte and strings
; ;
by Robert Schumann, op. 108, first given in
rianoforte music, and songs. Sofonisba, Diisscldorf, March 13, 1851. It was com-
opera (unpublished). Fctis, Supplement, — posed in 1849, dedicated to Hebbel, and M'as
ii. 259. published by Simrock (pianoforte score,
NACHKLANGE AN OSSUN (Echoes Bonn, 1852 full score, 1853). Breitkopf &
;
from Ossian), concert overture for orches- Hiirtel, Schumann Werke, Serie ix., No, 7.
tra, in A minor, by Niels AV. Gade, first NACHTSTUCKE (Night Pieces), four
performed in Copenhagen in 1841. Gade pieces for pianoforte,by Schumann, op. 23,
received in 1841 for this work a prize from composed in Vienna in 1839, and dedicated
the Musical Union of Copenhagen. It was to F. A. Becker, of Freiburg. The name is
given in Leii)sic, Jan. 27, 1812, and by the taken from a series of tales by Hoflfmanu.
Philharmonic Society, New York, in the I. Mehr langsam, oft zuriickhaltend (in C)
season of 1852-53. Published by Breitkopf II. Markirt und lebhaft (in F) HI. Mit ;
& Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1811). Arranged for grosser Lebhaftikeit (in D-flat) ; IV. Ein-
pianoforte for four hands. Allgem. mus. — fach (in F). Published by P. Mechetti
Zeitg., xliii. 975 Neue Zeits., xvi. 41 Sig-
; ; (Vienna, 1840) ; also by Spina (Vienna).
naie (1882), 8G5. BreitkojDf & Hiirtel, Schumann Werke,
NACHT DIE (The Night), cantata for Serie vii.. No. 23. — Grove.
soli, chorus,and orchestra, text by M. NADAUD, GUSTAVE, born at Roubaix
Hartmann, music by Ferdinand Hiller. (Nord), France, Feb. 20, 1820, still Hving,
Published by Leuckart (Breslau, 18G3). 1890. Vocal composer, at first intended for
—Allgem. mu.s. Zeitg. (18G3), 2G7. a mercantile career, but was so encouraged
NACHTLAGER IN GRANADA, DAS by the success of some chansons, of which
(A Night in Granada), romantic opera in he had written both words and music, that
two acts, text from Johann Friedrich Kind's he devoted himself to this species of com-
drama, music by Konradin Kreutzer, first position. Ho has published fifteen volumes,
represented in Vienna in 1834. The Prince each containing twenty chansons, and a vol-
of Spain, hunting incognito, comes to a ume of Chansons k'geres. He has written
mountain near a Moorish castle, where also three parlor operettas Lc docteur :
he finds a young girl, Gabrielle, bewailing Vieuxtemps La volicre Porte et fenetre. ; ;
the loss of a dove, which has been carried Legion of Honour, 18G1. Fetis, Supple- —
away by an eagle. She tells him also that ment, ii. 2G0.
her guardian intends to marry her to Vasco, NADERMAN (Nadermann), FRANCOIS
but that she will not forsake her lover, Go- JOSEPH, born in Paris, 1773, died there,
mez. The huntsman promises the protec- April 2, 1S35. Virtuoso on the harp, pupil of
tion of the Prince, and at this moment the Krumpholz, and in composition of Des-
other hunt.smen, including Vasco, arrive. vignes ;in 181G royal chamber harpist, and
In the meanwhile Gomez, who has been to in 1825 professor at the Conservatoire. He
NAGELl
had made a concert tour in Germany in died at Innspruck, July 8, 1874. Instru-
1798, and Lad played with success in Mu- mental and vocal composer, first instructed
nich and Vienna. After his father's death at Schwaz by the choir-master Pichler, then
he became associated with his brother Henri at Innspruck, pupil of Martin Goller in har-
in the management of the harp factory which mony, and at the Vienna Conservatoriura, of
they inherited. Works : 2 concertos for Preyer in composition ; won the first prize
the harp, op. 13, 4G ; 2 quartets for 2 harps, in 1840, and went to Paris in 1842. Ho
viohn and violoncello, op. 42 Quartets for soon gained reputation as a teacher, founded
;
harp, pianoforte, violin and violoncello, op. and conducted the Mozart-Verein, and in
43, 54 Trios for harp and various instru- 1846 made a concert tour in Germany,
;
ments Trio for harps, op. 57 Duos for bringing out successfully his first sym-
; ;
harp and violin or flute Do. for harp and j)hony, previously produced in Paris, and
;
pianoforte ; Sonatas, airs varies, fantaisies, other compositions, at Cologne, !Munich,

etc., for harp. —Fetis. and Berhn. In 1848 he left Paris to return
NAGELI, HANS GEORG, born at Wet- where he settled in 1850,
to his native land,
zicon. Canton Zurich, Switzerland, May IG, Germany. In 1854 he
after travelling in
1773, died at Zurich, Dec. 26, 1836. Didac- removed to Munich, brought out some of
tic and critical writer deserves much cred- his more ambitious compositions, and re-
;
it for good and clear editions of classical peatedly made concert tours to different
—
works Handel's, Bach's and Frescobaldi's, cities until 1865, when he was called to
and the Repertoire des clavecinistes (1803), Botzen as Kapellmeister and music direc-
containing works of Beethoven, Clementi, tor in 1866 he went in the same capacity ;
Dussek, and Steibelt. In 1824 he travelled to Innspruck, where he assumed also the
in Germany, and gave lectures on music direction of the Consei'vatorium and was
;
was a believer in the Pestalozzian method very active in promoting a higher standard
and used it more than twenty years in a of music. Works Herzog Friedrich von :
school he had established. He was founder Tirol, opera, given at Botzen, 1861, Inns-
and president of a society for the cultiva- pruck, 1862 Music to Widmann's Nausi- ;
tion of music. He is best known for his kaa Symphony in C minor Solemn mass ; ; ;
audacity in inserting four bars into one of Other masses Offertories Tantum ergo ; ; ;
Beethoven's sonatas. ^Yorks Choruses for etc. Overtures;

: Choruses and songs. ;
church and school; Toccatas for pianoforte Allgem. d. Biog., xxiii. 227; — Allgem. ;
Many collections of songs, including Freut Zeitg., July 15, 1874, BeHage, 196 Egger, ;
Euch des Lebens. He published also Ge- Tiroler, and Vorarlberger (1882), 483 ;
sangbildungslehrc uach Pestalozzischen Heindl, Galleni beriihmter Piidagogen, etc.

Grundsiltzen (ib., 1810), Vorlesungen iiber (Munich, 1859), ii. 50 Wurzbach. ;
Musik mit Beriicksichtigung der Dilettanten NALU)S, THE. See Die Najaden.
(Stuttgart and Tubingen, 1826), and sev- NMM, overture to an opera in five acts, of
eral other books and pamphlets. —
Allgem. the same name, by Napoh'on Henri Kcber.
d. Biog., xxiii. 221 Bierer, Hans Niigeli, The overture has been frequently performed,
;
Erinnerungen, etc. (Ziirich, 1844) Biog. but the opera has never been given.
;
von H. G. Niigeli (ib., 1837) Heindl, NAIS, opera-ballet in three acts, text by
;
Biog. der beriihmtesten Piidagogen, etc. ? Cahusac, music by Kameau, first repre-
;
Keller, H. G. Niigeli, einc Festrede, etc. sented at the Academic Koyalo do ]\[usi<juo,
(Zurich, 1848) Schwager, Der deutsche Paris, April 22, 1749. It was revived Aug.
;
Miinnergesang, etc. (Kaiserslautern, 1879). 7, 1764.

NAGILLEK, MATTHAUS, born at Mim- NAJADEN, DIi: (The Naiads), overturn
stcr (Tyrol), Oct. 24, 1815 (Oct. 14, 1817 ?), for orchestra in D, by ^\'illiaIn Sterudalo
;
NALA
Bennett, op. 15,first performed at the Ge- Prince Anton Heinrich Radziwill. The
waudbaus, Leipsic, March 7, 1837, under original MS. is in the Konigliche Bibliothek,
Mendelssohn's direction. It was given by This overture was more frequently

Vienna.
the Philharmonic Society of London in 1837 worked over than any other of Beethoven's
of New York in the season of 184:4:-15. Pub- instrumental compositions. The first sketch
lishedby Kistner (Leipsic, 1841). — Schu- was made in 1809, and others are combined
mann, Gesammelte Schriften, ii. 98. with sketches for the seventh, eighth, and
NALA UND DAMAY.VNTI, cantata, text ninth symphonies. It is especially interest-
by Frau Dr. Sophie Hasenclcver, music by ing on account of its connection with the
Ferdinand Hiller, op. 150, written for and ninth symphony, for its pi-incipal theme re-
first performed at the Birmingham (Eng- sembles that written to Schiller's " Ode to
land) Festival, Sept. 1, 1870, under HiUer's Joy," which at one time Beethoven thought
direction. The solo singers were Miss : of setting as a chorus preceded by an over-
Edith Wynne, Mr. Cummings, and Mr. ture. It was first published by S. A Steiner
Santley. The subject is from the Mahfi- & Co. (Vienna), shortly after Beethoven's
bhfirata, and treats of the love of Nala for death by Haslinger (Vienna,
; 1830) ; by
the maiden Damayanti. It was given in Schlesiuger under the title of " A la Chasse"
London, May 15, 1871. Published by No- (Paris) and by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beetho-
;
vello (London, 1870).— Athenseum (1870), ii. ven Werke, Serie iii.. No. 23. Thayer, Ver- —
814. zeichniss, 125 Lenz, Beethoven, ii.. Part ii.
;
NALDINI, SANTE, born Rome, Feb. 124 Marx, Beethoven, ii. 225 Nottebohm,
in ; ;
5, Church Beethoveniana, 35 Schindler, ii. 153 Mus.

1588, died there, Oct. 10, 1GG6. ; ;
composer, was tenor in the papal chapel in Wochenblatt (187G), 1.

1017, and later abbate. He was one of NAMOUNA, ballet in two acts and three
those commissioned by Pope Urban Ylll. to tableaux, text by Charles Nuittier, music
publish the hymns of the church with Gre- by £douard Lalo, first represented at the
gorian melodies, and music by Palestrina. Opera, Paris, March 6, 1882, with Mile
Works Miserere Motets Hymni Sacri in Sangalli as Namouna. Namouna, the danc-
: ; ;
Breviario Piomano. S. D. N. Urbani VIII. ing slave of Adriani, passes into the posses-
auctoritate recogniti, et cantu musico pro sion of Otta\do in payment of a gambling
prai'cipuis anni festivitatibus express! (Ant- debt. Her old master, who loves her, fol-
werp, 1644).— Mendel Fetis
; Schilling
; lows her with his suit, but she falls in love
;
Gerber. with Ottavio, and pursues him until he is

NAÎENSFEIER (Name won through her airy grace and charm.
Festival), over-
ture for orchestra, in C, by Beethoven, op, Introduction and serenade from Namouna,
115, first performed in Vienna, Oct. 4, first perfonned in America by the Symphony
1814, the name -day of Franz I, Emperor Society, Nov. 25, 1887.— Le Monestrel
of Austria. Beethoven, hoping to have this (1881-82), 115.
work heard by the crowned heads of Eu- NANIE, song for chorus and orchestra,
rope, who were holding a Congi'ess in Vienna text on Schiller's words, " Audi das Schone
in the autumn of 1814, wrote on the title- muss sterben," music by Brahms, op. 82,
page " Zum Namenstag unseres Kaisers." first given in Basel, Nov. 11, 1881 in Vi- ;
It was played in the Great Kedoutensaal, enna, Feb. 10, 1882. Niinia was a classical
Vienna, Dec. 25, 1815, without the title tenn for a funeral dirge. Published by
" Namensfeicr," and in 1818 it was given Peters (Leipsic, 1881).
under the strange title of " A la Chasse." NANIE, song for chorus and orchestra,
In 1825 Beetliovcn called it simply " Grosse text from Schiller, music liy Hermann
Ouvcrture in C dur," and dedicated it to Goetz, op. 10, first given in 1875. Pub-
; ;
NANINI
lisbed by Kistner —Mus.
no as maestro di cappella, but in 1571 went
(Leipsic, 1876).
Wochenblatt (1876), 722. back to Rome to succeed Palestrina as
NANINI, GIOVANNI BERNAEDINO maestro di cappella
(Ambros gives both Beruardo aud Bernar- at Santa Maria Mag-
dio), born at Vallerano about the middle of giore in 1575 ho ;
the 16th century, died in Rome about 1620. resigned this jDost to
He studied counterpoint under his elder Ippolito Tartaglini,
brother, Giovanni Maria. Went afterwards and established the
to Rome, where he was made maestro di cap- first public music
pella at S. Luigi de' Francesi, and later at school in Rome. At
S. Lorenzo in Damaso. About 1575 he this famous school,
began to assist his brother in his newly in which ho was as-
founded music school. No more is known sisted by his brother
of his life. Although not so imposing a Giovanni Bernard!- "-
genius as his brother, he was still one of no, and by Palestrina himself, almost all tho
the greatest men of the " gi-eat " Roman best composers of the decline of the great
contrapuntal school. His compositions Roman period got their musical education.
have a little more of modern flavour than On Oct. 27, 1577, he was elected member
those of his great contemporaries, and he of the Pontifical choir, for which he wrote
was one of the first of the school to add an many of his best works. He was buried
organ part to his vocal counterjioint. Many in S. Luigi de' Francesi. Nanini was one
of his most important works, among them of the greatest composers of the gi-eat Ro-
his Salve Regiua, 12 voc, are still in MS. man school indeed he was little inferior ;
Published works Madrigali a 5 voci. Lib. to Palestrina.

: His works are especially
I (Venice, 1579, 1588, 1598) Idem, Lib. H. noted for their perfection of form aud style.
;
(ib., 1599) Mottecta 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 voc. una His six-voice "Hodie nobis ca'loinim rex " is
;
cum gravi voce ad organi sonum accomo- still sung annually in the Sixtino Chapel on
data, Lib. I. (Rome, 1608) Idem, Lib. H. Christmas morning. Works Motetti a 3
; :
(ib., 1611); Idem, Lib. IH. (ib., 1612); voci (Venice, Gardano, 1578) do. a 5 voci ;
Idem, Lib. IV. (ib., 1618) Salmi a 4 voci (ib., 1578) Madrigali a 5 voci, lib. L (ib.,
; ;
con r organo (ib., 1620) Venite, exultemus 1578) do., lib. II. (ib., 1580 other cds.,
; ; ;
Domino, a 3 voci col' organo (Assisi, 1620) 1582, 1587, 1605) do., lib. HI. (ib., 1584) ;
Psalms, motets, and madrigals, some in do., lib. IV. (ib., 1586) Canzonetti a 2 ;
MS., and many pubHshed in various collec- voci (ib., 1587); Psalmo 7 voc. in Fabio
tions by Phalesius and others MS. Psalms Costantini's Salmi a 8 di diversi, etc. (Na-
;
and Motets 8 voc, and Salve Regina, 12 voc, ples, 1615) Motets in Phalcsius's Har- ;
in Santini collection, now in the episcopal mouia celeste, Melodia olimpica, I\Iusica
Palace at Miinster ; 3 psalms, 4 voc, in divina, Symphonia angelica, etc. Cento
Proske's Musica Divina. —Ambros, iv. 70 ;
cinquanta sette contrapi")unti o canoni a 2-
Riemann Fetis Grove.
; ;
11 voci, sopra del canto formo intitolalo La
NANINI, GIOVANNI MARIA, born at Base di Costanzo Festa, MS. 1 Îadri;:;,il, ;
Vallerano, about 1540, died in Rome, March 8 voc, MS., in the Munich Library Tliroo ;
11, 1607. Elder brother of the above; motets, 3 voc, one do., 4 voc. one Miserere, ;
studied counterpoint at Goiulimel's school 4 voc, in Proske's ^lusica divina; other

in Rome the legend that ho was a fellow single works in collections l»y Rochlitz,
;
pupil of Palestrina is undoubtedly false, as Tucher, Lilck, and Prince von dcr ]\Iosz-
Palcstrina must have left the school before kwa. Rcgolo di Giov. IMaria c di Bcniar-
Nanini entered it. He returned to Vallera- diuo Nanini, per far il coutrai)punlo a men-
;
NANTERXI
te sopra il cauto formo (writteu conjointly and orchestra Louceni The Farewell) do. ; ( ,
by both brothers) in MS., transcribed by Trios, quartets, pianoforte music Bohemian ;
Orazio Griffi, is in the Palazzo Corsiui alia and Russian songs. Fctis, Supplement, ii. —
—
Lungara. Ambros, iv. G7 Fctis ;Eie- 2G2 ^lendel, Ergiinz., 231
; Iliemanu. ; ;
niann ; Grove. NARCISSE, idylle antique, for chorus,

NANTEllNl, OR.VZIO, born in ]\Iilan soli, and orchestra, text by Collin, music by
about the middle of the IGth century, died Massenet, first performed in Paris in 1878.
(?). He was maestro di cappella of S. Celso It was first given in New York at Chicker-
about 1590, and is praised by writers of iug Hall, Feb.2, 188G, with additional in-
his time. Besides the collection II primo strumentation by Franz Van der Stiicken.
libro di Motetti a cinque voci (!Milan, IGOG), The solos were sung by ]\Ime Christine
his compositions may be found in most of the Dossert and Mr. "\V. H. Lawton Published
collections publishetl about the beginning by G. Hartmann (Paris).
of the 17th century. His son Michel An NARDINI, PIETRO, born at Fibiana,
gelo, who succeeded him at S. Celso, pub- Tuscany, in 1722,
lished madrigals and canzonets. Fetis. — died in Florence,
NAPIiAYNlK, EDUAKD, born at Bejst, May 7, 1793. Vi-
near Koniggratz, olinist, pupil of
Bohemia, Auo-.
Aug. 24, Tartini, in Padua ;
1839, still living, was, in 1753-67,

1890. Dramatic solo violinist at the
comi)Oser, first in- court in Stuttgart.
structed on the pi- In the latter year
anoforte by Josef he returned to
Puhonn;^, then at Italy, and was a short time at Leghorn, then
Pardubitz (1850) on in Padua with Tartini, i;ntil his old master's
the pianoforte and death, in 1779, when he was appointed di-
-"î.
finally, in
m^p organ by August
;
rector of the court music in Florence.
Svoboda, his uncle seems to have been a true musician, and
Prague, pupil at the organ school both Leopold ]\Iozart and Schubart sjieak
He
of Blaêk, and Kai-1 Pitsch, and at Maydl's enthusiastically of his playing. Works 6 :
pianoforte school, where in 185G he became violin concertos 6 sonatas for violin and ;
instructor, studying at the same time instru- bass 6 flute trios 6 violin solos 6 string ; ; ;
mentation under Friedrich Kittl. In 1861

he went to St. Petersburg as Kapellmeister
to Prince Yussupoff, whose orchestra he re-
organized. In 18G2 he was aj^pointed or-
ganist at the imperial opera, soon after
chorus-master and assistant Kapellmeister,
and in 18Gy first court Kapellmeister. quartets G violin duets Sonatas in Alard's
!
; ;
From Bahddrev's resignation in 1872, until Klassische Meister and David's HoheSchulo
j
1882, lie also conducted the symphony con- des Violinspiels. Leoni, Elogio di Pietro
1 —
certs of the music society. ^Vorks —Operas Xardini, etc. (Florence, 1793) Fctis Ger-
:
'
; ;
The Tempest Nizegorodni, given at St. ber Mendel Schilling Hart, The Violin,
; ; ; ;
Petersburg, 18G9 Harold, ib., 1886. The 224

; Wasielewski, Die Violine, 93
\
Du- ; ;
Dcmon, symplionic poem Vlasta, overture bourg. The Violin, 7G.

; ,
for orchestra, Prague, 1861 Ceske perle

; NAEES, JAMES, bom at Stanwell, Mid-
(Bohemian pearls), fantasia for pianoforte I
dlesex, England, in 1715, died in London,
; :
NAIIGEOT
Feb. 10, 1783. He was chorister in tbe pclla at Fano. Works Primo libro di :
Chapel Royal, under Bernard Gates, and Madrigali, etc. (Venice, 1555) Motetti a ;
afterwards pupil of cinque voci (ib., 1558) Madrigali, do. (ib., ;
Dr. P e p u s c h. He 1559) Canzoni e Madrigali a sei voci, etc. ;
acted in the place of (ib., 15G2) Lamentationes Jeremijc cum ;
Pigott as organist of Passionis, etc. (ib., 15G5). Fetis Mendel. — ;
St. George's Chajêl, NASOLINI, SEBASTIANO, born at Pia-

Windsor ; in 1734: suc- cenza, Italy, in 17G8, died in Venice in 1799
ceeded Salisbury at (1810 Dramatic composer.
?). W'orks
York Minster in 175G ; Nitteti, 1788 L' isola incantata,
Trieste, ;
was organist and com- Parma, 1789 L' Adriano in Siria, Milan,;
poser in the Chapel 1790 L' Andromacca, London, 1790 Teseo,

; ;
Royal, and in 1757-80 Master of the Chil- Vienna, 1790 La niorte di Cleopatra, Vi- ;
dren there. Mus. Doc, Cambridge, 175G. cenza, 1791 Ercole al Termodonte, Trieste,
;
AVorks Eight Sets of Harpsichord Les-

: 1791 Semiramide, Rome, 1792 Eugenia,
; ;
sons (1748) 5 Harpsichord Lessons (1758)

; ;
Vicenza, about 1793 L' incantesimo senza ;
Collection of Catches, Canons, and Glees ;

magia, about 1794; II trionfo di Clelia,
The Royal Pastoral, ode II Princij)io, ; about 1799 Merope, about 1805 and sev-
; ;
or, A regular Introduction to playing on eral others, given in difiereut cities of Italy.
the Harpsichord or Organ Treatise on ; —Fetis ; Mendel.
Singing 3 Easy Harpsichord Lessons Six
; ; NATHAN, ISAAC, born in Canterbuiy,
Organ Fugues Second Treatise on Sing- ; England, in 1792, died in Sydney, Australia,
ing, with a Set of English Duets 20 An- ; Jan. 15, 18G4. Intended for the priesthood,
thems, 1778 A Morning and Evening Ser-
; he went to Cambridge in 1805 to study
vice and Six Anthems, 1788 To all lovers ; Hebrew, but became the pupil of Domenico
of harmony, and other glees Service in F ; Corri in singing and composition. He was
Anthems, canons, and rounds in various col- then a singing master in London, and ap-
lections. —
Grove Mendel Riemann Fu- ; ; ; peared in Guy Mannering, at Covent Gar-
tis ; Gerber Barrett, English; Church den, but without success. He emigrated
Composers, 134 Harmonicon (1829), 235. ; afterwards to Sydney. Works The Al- :
NARGEOT, PIERRE JULIEN, born in caid, opera, 1824 The Illustrious Stran- ;
Paris, Jan. 7, 1799, died (?). Dramatic ger, operetta, 1827 Music for Sweetliearts ;
composer, pupil at the Conservatoire of and Wives ; Hebrew INIelodies for Byron's
Kreutzer on the violin, and of Barbereau, poetry ; Songs. He was author also of An
Reicha, and Lesueur in composition. He Essay on the History and Theoiy of ]\Iusic,
was a member of the orchestras successive- and on the qualities, capabilities, and man-
ly at the Opera Comique, the Theatre Ita- agement of the Human Voice (London,
lian, and the Opera, then became chef d'or- 1823) also of the Life of Madame Malibran
;
chestre at the Theatre des Varietes. Works de Beriot (ib., 183G).— Grove FOtis Men- ; ;
— Operettas Los Contrabandistas, 18G1

:
;
del ; Riemann.
La volonte de mon oncle, 18G2 ; Les cx- NATIONS, LES, suite, six morcoaux
l)loits de Sylvestre, 18G5 Dans le petrin, ; caracteristiques, for grand orchestra, by Mo-
18GG Jeanne, Jeannette et Jeanneton, 187G
; ;
ritz Moskowski, op. 23. I. Russiseh (.Vllc-
Trois troubadours I Pifterari Le docteur ; ; gretto) ; IT. Italienisch (Presto) ; HI.

Frontin Les ouvricres de qualite. Fetis
; — ;
Dcutsch (Andante sostenuto) ; IV. Spaniscli
do.. Supplement, ii. 2G3. (Molto vivace) ; V. Polnisch (Allegro con
NASCO, GIOVANNI, Italian composer of fuoco) Ungarisch (^[olto Allegro).
; VI.
the IGth century. He was maestro di cap- Published by Heinauer (Breslau, 1885) by ;
ITATlAaTfi
Durdilly (Paris). .i\jTangecl for Church composer, pupil of Tiii-k,

the piano- 1858.
forte for four Lauds. —Neue Zeits. (1885), whom
he succeeded in 1813 as music di-
3GG. rector at the university, where ho exerted
NATIVITY, LA, oratorio, text by Cliaba- himself for the elevation of vocal church
non de Maugris, music by Gossec, first i:>er- music. Ho sacrificed his entire fortune in
forined in France in 1780. It contains a collecting a precious musical library, after-
fine double chorus sung by angels and wards bought in part for tho royal library
shepherds, which excitetl the greatest enthu- in Berlin, and in bringing about, in 1829,
eiasm. Another effect was produced by a the great music festival at Halle, which was
second orchestra behind the scenes. Per- conducted by Spontini. "Works Versuch :
golesi also Avroto an oratorio of the same einer musikalischcn Agenda, etc. (Halle,
title. —
Hedouin, Gossec, sa vie et scs ou- 1818) Allgemeincs cvangelisches Choral-
;
vrages. buch (ib., 1829) Cantato zur Gediicht- ;
NATTVITY, THE, cantata in three parts, nissfeier edler Verstorbener Motets, hymns, ;
for chorus, soli, and orchestra, text from responses Marcho triomphale, for chorus
;
ode " On the Morning of Christ's and wind instruments Pianoforte music,
]\Iil ton's ;
Nativity,"music by John Ivuowles Paine, etc. INIendel Riemann. — ;
op. 38, fii'st jicrformed, 1883. Upton, —

NAUMANN, ElVIIL, born in Berlin, Sept.
Standard Cantatas, 28G. 8, 1827, died in Dres-
NATUR UXD LIEBE (Nature and Love), den, June 23, 1888.
cantata, text by lund, music by Carl IMaria Dramatic composer
von Weber, for two sopranos, two tenors, and distinguished
two basses, and pianoforte, written for the writer on music,
name-day of Iving Friedrich August of grandson of Johann
Saxony, first performed in Pillnitz, Aug. 3, Gottlieb Namnann,
1818. It was sung by Mile Julchen Zucher, first instructed at
first soprano ; Mme Mielcsch, second so- Johanna Bonn by
prano Herr Bergmann, first tenor Herr
; ; Matthieu and by
AVilhelmi, second tenor Herr Mieksch,
; Fi-anz Anton Ries,
first bass and Herr Helwig, second bass. then at Frankfort pupil of Schnyder vou
;
The autograph is in the possession of Max Wartensee, and at tho Conservatorium in

von "Weber, and a copy is in the private Leipsic of Mendelssohn, finally at Frankfort
lil^rary of the King of Saxony. Published of Moser. In 185G he was called to Berlin
by Schlesiuger (Berlin). Published with a as music director at the Hofkircho, and in
second text, " Frcundschaft und Liebe," by 18G9 appointed royal professor, proposed
Herklots in EngHsh as " The Offering of by tho Academy of Arts. In 1873 ho set-
;
—
Devotion " (Cramer Sc Co., London). Jiihns, tled at Dresden, where soon after he founded
"NVeber Verzeichniss, 257 ; "Weber, "Weber, a singing society. Works : Judith, oiêra ;
ii. 172 ; Berliner mus. Zeitg., Die Miihlenhexe, Singspiel Loreley, opera,
i. 109. ;
NAUBERT, FRIEDRICH AUGUST, born Berlin, 1888 Christus der Friedensboto, ;
at Schkeuditz, Prussian Saxony, March 23, oratorio, Dresden, 18-i8 Dio ZerstiJrung ;
1839, still living, 1890. Vocal composer, Jerusalems, cantata Dank- und Jubelcan- ;
pupil of Stern's Conservatorium in Berlin, tate, Berlin, 18GG Solemn mass Psalms, ; ;
organist and vocal instructor at the Gymna- and other church music Symphonies Pi- ; ;
sium of Neu-Brandenburg. He enjoys con- anoforte music and songs. Among his writ-
siderable reputation as a song writer. ings, "Die Tonkunst in der Culturgc-
NAUE, JOHANN FRH^.DRICH, born at schichte " (Berlin, 18G9-70) takes the high-
HaUe, Nov. 17, 1787, died there, May 19, est rank. Mendel Riemann. — ;
;;; ; ;;
NAUMAXN"
NAIBIANN, ERNST (CARL), born at l)beus, Danisb opera, Coponbagcn, 1785
Freiberg, Saxony, Aug. 15, 1832, still liv- La sorte di Medea, ballet, Berlin, 1788 ;
ing, 1890. Instrumental comiDoser, grand- La dama soldato, Dres- ^--^--,.

sou of Jobann Gottlieb Naumann, pupil of den, 1791 ; Amor giusti-
Hauptmanu, Ricbter, Wenzel and Langcr, ficato, ib., 1792 Prote- ;
at Leipsic, and of Jobann Scbueider at Dres- silao, Berlin, 1793 An- ;
den became music director at tbe univer- dromeda Aci Galatea,

; ;
sity and city organist at Jena in 1860, and Di'esden, 1801. Orato-
professor in 1877. Works : 2 quintets for rios : La Passiono di
strings, op. G, 13 ;
Quartet for do., op. 9 ;
Giesu Cristo ; Isacco
Trio for pianoforte and strings, op. 7 figura del Redcntore
Serenade for string quintet, flute, oboe, Zeit und Ewigkeit San- ;
bassoon, and born Sonata for

; viola, op. 1 ta Elena Josepli reconnu par ses freres
; ;
etc. —Mendel ; Riemann. Unsero Briider ; II figlio prodigo La Pas- ;
NAUMANN, JOHANN GOTTLIEB, born siono di Giesu Cristo, witb now music Da- ;
at Blase witz, near Dresden, Ajn-il 17, 1741, vidde in Terebinto Betulia liberata La ; ;
died in Dresden, Oct. 23, 1801. Dramatic morte d' Abole. Pater nostor, words by
composer, pupil in Dresden at tbe Ki-euz- Ivlopstock 20 masses To Deums Psalms
; ; ;
scbule, wbence a Swedisb musician, named Motets ; Hymns Litanies Cantatas ; ; ;
Weestrom, took bim about 1757 to Italy. Elegy, Le tombeau do lOopstock 18 sym- ;
After a sbort time in Hamburg and Padua, pbonies ; Pianoforte concerto Pianoforte ;
bad treatment compelled bim to leave tbe sonatas Violin duets Trios for pianoforte
; ;
Swede, and be became a pupil of Tartini. and violins Quartets for piano and violins ;
;
After tbree years in Padua be visited Naples, German, Italian and Frencb songs. Ûlgem. —
Rome, Bologna, wbere be studied under d. Biog., xxiii. 30G Bitter, Gcscb. dcs ;
Padre Martini, and Venice. Returning to Oratoriums, 47G Fetia Gerber Mendel ; ; ;
Dresden in 17G3, be became court composer Riemann Scbilling

; Meissncr, Bnicb- ;
of sacred music. He
again travelled in Italy,
producing operas, and
on bis return, baviug
declined an invitation to Berlin from Fred- stilcke aus Naumann's Lebensgcscbicbto
crick tbe Great, was appointed in 177G, by (Prague, 1803-4) Rocblitz, Fiir Frcundo ;
tbe Elector, Kapellmeister, and in 17SG der Tonkunst, iii. 3 Scbubert, Lel)cns- ;
Oberkapellmeister. Hummel "svas bis jûpil. gescbicbto Naumann's (Dresden, 1814).

Altbougb very popular in bis time and a NAVOIGILLE, GUILLAUME JULIEN,
good musician, be seems to bavc bad no called Navoigillo tbe elder, born at Givet
genius, and is now almost forgotten. (Ardennes), about 1745, died in Paris, No-
—
Works Operas Acbillo in Sciro, Palermo, vember, 1811. Violinist, studied music in
:
17G7 Alessandro nolle Indie, Venice, 17G8 Paris, -wbere a noble Venetian took bim un-
;
La clemenza di Tito, Dresden, 17G9 Lo der bis patronage, and finally adopted bim. ;
nozze disturbate, Solimanno, Venice, 1772 For several years bo bold positions as vio-
;
Armida, Padua, 1772 L' isola disabita, Ve- linist or cbef d'orcbestro at various tbcatrcs,
;
nice, 1773 Ipermestra, ib. II villano gelo- and in 180G entered tbe orcbcstra of tbe
; ;
so, Dresden L' ipocondriaco, ib.

; Elisa, King of Holland, after wbose abdication ho
;
ib.; Osirido Tutto per amorc Ampbion, returned to Paris. Works (! sympbonics
; ;
:
Stockliolm, 177G Cora, Gustavo Wasa, ib., for orcbcstra G rios for violins ami violon-
; ; f
1780 Le reggie d' Imeneo, Dresden Or- cello, op. 1 do., op. 10 G duos for violins,
; ; ; ;
NAVOIGILLE
op. 2 ; G sonatas for 2 violins and bass C and strings Sonatas, rondos, fantasias and
; ;
solos for violin, op, 4 ; Square dances and variations, for pianoforte. Grove Fetis — ; ;
waltzes ; Romances. — Fetis. do.. Supplement, ii. 2G5 Mendel, Ergiinz., ;
NAVOIGILLE, HUBERT JULIEN, 298.

called Xavoigille the younger, born at Givet XEEB, HEINRICH, born at Lich, Hesse,
in 1749, brother of the in 1807, died at Frankfort, Jan. 18, 1878.

died (?). Violinist,
preceding, whose associate he usually was Dramatic composer, pupil of Peter Miiller
in theatre orchestras, and with whom he at Friedberg, and of Aloys Schmitt at
went to the Works G symphonies Frankfort, where he settled in 1831 to
Hague. :
for orchestra 12 quartets for strings, op. teach music. He conducted thei'e the sing-
;
1, 3 Quintet for do. Sonatas for violin. ing societies Germania, Neeb's Quartett,
; ;
— Fc'tis. Teutonia, and Neeb's Miinnerchor. Works

NAWRATIL, KARL, born in Vienna, Operas Domenico Baldi Der Cid Die — : ; ;
Oct. 7, 183G, still living, 1890. Instrumen- schwarzeu Jiiger Rudolf von Habsburg. ;
taland vocal composer, pupil of Nottebohm Das deutsche Lied und sein Sanger, canta-
in counterpoint studied law and entei'cd
; ta ; String quartets ; Pianoforte pieces ; Bal-
the government service, then practised as a laden and songs. — Riemann.
lawyer, and finally became a railway official. NEEFE, CHRISTLVN GOTTLOB, born
"Works Psalm XXX., for soprano solo,
: atChemnitz, Saxony, Feb. 5, 1748, died at
chorus, and orchestra Mass Overture ; ; ; Dessau, Jan. 2G, 1798. Dramatic composer,
Quintet for pianoforte and strings, in D mason of a poor tailor, obtained through his
jor Other chamber music, pianoforte pieces,
; fine soprano voice a position as choir-boy in
and songs. his native place. Later he studied law at the
NAYLOR, JOHN, born at Stanniugley, University of Loipsic, and music under J.
near Leeds, England, A. Hiller. The success of some of his com-

June 8, 1838, still liv- positions induced him to give up law for
ing, 1890. Organist, music, and in 187G-79 he was operatic con-
pupil of Robert Senior ductor of Seller's travelling theatre company,
Burton, became organ- and then of the Grossmaun-Hellmuth com-
Scarborough in pany at Bonn. Here he became court or-
ist at
and at York Min- ganist, and in 1782 succeeded van der Eeden
185G,
ster in 1883. Mus. as court music director and as the instruc-
Bac, Oxford, 1 8 G 3 tor of Beethoven. The theatre was given ;
Mus. Doc, ib., 1872. Works Jeremiah, up in 1784, and his salary was cut down, :
oratorio, York, 1883 Church services An- but in 1788 a new court theatre was estab-
; ;
tlicms Part-songs, and songs.

; lished and gave him employment. In 1794
NEATE, CHARLES, born in London, the war stopped this theatre also, and not
March 28, 1781, died in Brighton, March until 179G did he obtain an engagement as
30, 1877. Pianist, pupil of William Sharp conductor at Dessau. Works Ojierettas — :
and John Field studied also composition Die Apotheke, Amor's Guckkasten. and airs
;
under AVoeltl and counterpoint under Win- for Hiller's Dorfbarbier, Leipsic, 1772 Die ;
ter in Munich. He first appeared in pub- Einspriiche, ib., 1773 Heiurich und Lyda, ;
lic as a pianist in London in 1800 was ib., 1777 Zamiro und Azor, 1778 Adel- ; ; ;
one of the original members of the Phil- heid von Veltheim, Bonn, 1781 Die neuen ;
harmonic Society, and for many years its Gutsherren, 1781 Der dumme Gilrtner, ;
director. He visited Vienna in 1815, and Oder die beiden Antone Music to the mo- ;
for some months enjoyed the friendship of nodx'ama, Sophonisbe Pater noster Ode ; ;
Beethoven. Works Trio for pianoforte by Klopstock for four voices and orchestra
:
;
; : ;
NEUMT
2 symphonies ; Concerto for pianoforte, vio- He edited Musica Sacra (Berlin, 8 vols.)
lin, and orchestra 24 sonatas for piano- ; and Chorale zum Kirchengebrauch (ib.).
forte, with and without vioHn Other pi- ; —Mendel ; SchiUing, Suj^plc-ment, 322 ;
anoforte music and songs Ai-rangcments ; Riemann ; Ft-tis.

and translations of operas. Allgem. d. — NEL COR PIU NON MI SENTO, six
Biog., xxiii. 359 Mendel Riemann Schil-
; ; ; variations for the pianoforte, in G, l)y Beet-
ling Gerber Futis Allgem. mus. Zeitg.,
; ; ; hoven, ou a theme from Paisiello's La Jloli-
i. 241, 257, 273, 360 Thayer, Ludwig von ; nara, composed and published by
in 1795,
Beethoven's Leben, i. 81, 117. Diabelli (Vienna, 1795, and by Traeg (Vi-
NEH^MT MEINEN DANK, I
aria for so- enna, 1795). Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beetho-

prano with orchestra in G, by Mozart, com- ven Werke, Serie 17, No. 7. The theme is
posed for Mme Lange, in Vienna, April 10, known in English as " Hope told a flatter-
1782. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, —
ing tale." Thayer, Verzeichniss, 17 Nohl, ;
Serie vi., No. 23. Kochel, Verzeichniss, — Beethoven, iii. 58, 123.
No. 383 Andre, No. 81 Jahn, Mozart, iii.
; ; NENNA (NENNO), POMPONIO, born at
274. Bari, Naples, about 1560. He was of noble
NEIGE, LA, ou le nouvel
was crowned with laurel Eginhard, birth ; in 1613 he
opc'ra-comiquo in four acts, text by Scribe in Naples. Although many editions of his
and Germain Delavigne, music by Auber, madrigals were pul)lished, they are singu-
first represented at the Theatre Feydeau, larly rare. Works Madrigals in collections :
Paris, Oct. 8, 1823. It was given in Lon- published in 1585 and 1594 Madrigali a ;
don as " The Frozen Lake," at Covent Gar- cinque voci, 8 books (Venice, 1609-24)
den Theatre, Nov. 2G, 1824. Published by Madrigali a quattro voci (ib., 1631). Futis; —
Schott (Mainz, 1825) and by Simrock Mendel Riemann. ; ;
(Bonn, 1825). —
Berliner mus. Zeitg., ii. 330, NERO, German opera, text by Feustking,
338 iii. 149.
; music by Handel, first represented in Ham-
NEITHARDT, AUGUST HEINRICH, burg, Feb. 25, 1705. Its full title was " Die
born at Schleiz, Aug. 10, 1793, died in Ber- (lurch Blut uud Mord erlangte Liebe, oder
lin, April 18, 18G1. Pupil of Brunow and Nero."' Johann Mathcson sang the part of
Ebhardt then served aa a volunteer in the Nero, this being the last opera in which
;
wars of 1813-15 was bandmaster of the he appeared. The work contained at least
;
Garde-Schiitzen Battalion in 181G-22, and seventy-five airs, but the entire score is lost.
of the Kaiser Franz Grenadiers in 1822-40. Rockstro, Handel, 40. —
He received the title of royal music direc- NERO, German opera in four acts, text
tor in 1839, and in 1843 was entrusted with by Jules Barbier, music Ijy Rubinstein, first
the formation of a regular choir for the rej^resented at the Stadtthcater, Hamburg,
Berlin Cathedral, of which he was ajipointed Nov. 1, 1879. Original cast
director in 1845. He visited St. Peters-
Nero (T.) Herr Winckclmann.
burg and Home for study, raised his choir
Vindex (Bar.) Herr Kriickel.
to a high state of efficiency, and gave con-
Saccus (B.) Herr Landau.
certs with it in London in 1850. "Works :
Crysa (S.) 'Mnw Sudier.

Julietta, die schcine Dalmatierin, opera,
Epicharis (C.) :\rile Bom'e.
K()nigsberg, 1834 ; Horn duets, trios, and
PoppcL'a (S. ) ]\Ime I'rochaska.
quartets Marches and other military mu-
;
sic ;
in St. Peter-sburg, Feb.
Sonatas, variations, waltzes, and other First represented
pieces for pianoforte 1884 in New York, in Engli.sh, by the
;
Quintets for flute, 10, ;
violin, and bass (Quartets for men's voices

: Anurioan Opera Company, ^Marcli 14, 1SS7. ;
Many songs, including Ich bin ein Preusse. Published by Senll" (Lcipsie, 1878). Other
; ;
NERUDA
operas of the same title, in Italian text by Strasbiu-g, 1864 Die Hochzeitsreise, Leip-
: ;
Maria music by Carlo Pallavicino, sic, 1867 Nachtwiichter und Student, ib.,
Piccioli, ;
Venice, 1679 music by Carlo Porsile, Na- 1868; Am Alexandertag, ib., 1869.
;
Der
ples, 1G86 Nerone fatto Cesare, text by Blumen Rache, for chorus, soli, and orches-
;
Matteo Noris, music by Perti, Venice, 1G93 tra ; Sangers Friihliugsgruss, double chorus
;
Nerone, music by Antonio Gianettini, Mo- for male voices Von der Wiege bis zum ;
dena, about 1710 text by Piovene, music Grabe, cycle for chorus, soli, and piano-
;
by Giovanni Maria Orlanclini, Venice, 1721 forte Quartets for male voices Songs. ;
;
music by Vignati, about 1725 music by Mus. Wochenblatt, xv. 559 Riemann.
; — ;
Egidio Eomoaldo Duni, Eome, 1735 La NESWADBA, JOS (properly Hamacek),

;
morte di Nerone, by Angelo Tarchi, Venice, born at Vyskei^, Bohemia, Jan. 19, 1824,
1792 and in German by Reissigcr, Munich, died at Darmstadt, June 20, 1876. He
;
1822. —Clt-ment et Larousse, 929 La Mara, was Kapellmeister, successively, at the the-
;
Mus. Studienkopf, iii. 217 Mus. "Wochen- atres of Karlsbad (1848), Olmtitz, Briinn,
;
blatt (1879), 541; Signale (1879), 929; Gratz, at the National Theatre in Prague
(1881), 273; Krehbiel, Review (1886-87), (1857-58), at the Italian Opera in Berlin
152. (1859-60), at the Stadttheater in Hamburg
NERUDA, JOHANN GEORG, born at (1861-63), and in 1864 became Hof-Kapell-
Rossicz, Bohemia, in 1706, died in Dresden meister at Darmstadt. Works Music to :
in 1780. He played in the orchestra of a several ballets, performed at Darmstadt

theatre, travelled, and from 1750 until his Overtures, and other pieces for orchestra ;
death was a member of the Elector's chapel Bohemian songs, and choruses. Mendel —
in Dresden. His two sons, Ludwig and Slovnik nau6nj^ (Prague, 1859), v. 790;
Anton, were also attached to the Dresden Wurzbach.
chapel. Works 18 symphonies 4 violin con-
: ;NETZER, JOSEF, born at Zams, Tyrol,
certos 30 trios 6 solos for violin.
; ; —
Wui'z- March 18, 1808, died at Gratz, May 28, 1864.
lâch IMendcl Schilling Gerber Fetis.
; ; ; Dramatic composer, self-taught on the piano-
;
NESSLER, VICTOR ERNST, born at forte and organ, afterwards at Innsbruck pu-
Baldenheim, near pil of Martin Goller on the pianoforte, and
Schlettstadt, Alsace, of Kathrein on the violin. He then went to
Jan. 28, 1841, still liv- Vienna, where he became one of the favour-
ing, 1890. Dramatic ite pianoforte teachers, and studied comjjo-
compose!', pupil of sition under Giinsbacher, and counterjsoint
Theophil Stern at under Sechter. In 1839 he visited Italy,
Strasburg, where he and in 1842 made a tour through Germany
studied theology, then to produce his opera Mara, which had been
finished his musical brought out with great success in Vienna,
education at Leipsic, in 1841. At Leipsic ho assisted Lortzing
where he conducted as Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater and
several singing societies, and in 1870 be- conductor of the Euteii:)e Concerts in 1844-
came chorus master at the Stadttheater in 45, then was for one year Kapellmeister of
;
1879 music director at the Carolatheater. the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, where
He has lived at Strasburg for several years. he resided three years. After a visit at
—
Works Operas Dornr(Jschcns Brautfahrt, Meldenau, near Leipsic, in 1848, he went,
:
Leipsic, 1867 Irmingard, ib., 1876

; Der in 1849, as Kapellmeister to Mainz, and,
;
Rattenfiinger von Hameln, ib., 1879 Der having again lived at Leipsic, accepted, in
;
wilde Jilger, ib., 1881 Der Trompeter von 1853, an engagement as Kapellmeister of
;
Siikkingen, ib., 1884. Operettas Fleurette, the theatre at Gratz. Works Operas Die
:
— :
13
; ;
NEUBAUEli
Belagenmg von Gothenburg Mara, given in kee, as conductor of the German opera. In
;
Vienna, 1841 Die Eroberung von Granada, 1867 he was conductor of the New
;
Stadt
lb.,1844 Die seltene Hocbzeit, ib., 184G Theatre, and is said to
;
; - -
Die KOnigin von Castilien. Overtures, sym- have produced, in three '^'
^^
phonies, string quartets. More than 100 successive seasons,

songs. —Heindl, Gallerie, etc., comic operas
ii. 54 ; Kess- forty
ler, Jos. Netzer, etc.(Gratz, 18G4) Wurzbach. 1870-71 he brought
; in
NEUBAUER, FRANZ CHRISTIAN, born from Europe another
at Horzin, Bohemia, in 1760, died at Biicke- company, with which
burg, Oct. 11, 1795. Violinist, pupil of a he gave more than
village school teacher, went early to Prague thirty German operas
and Vienna, where he made the acquaint- in seven months, Lo-
ance of Mozart, Haydn, and Wranitzky hengrin being then sung for the tii'st time
then led a wandering, dissipated life, giving in America. In 1872 he weut to Europe,
concerts in many German cities, and com- and brought back with him Thcodor Wach-
posing. In 1789 he became Kapellmeister tel, and gave, in partnership with Carl
to Prince Weilburg, but, as the French Rosa, a season of Italian opera at the new
Revolution soon caused the disbanding of Academy of Music in New York, with Pa-
the orchestra, he went to Minden, and later repa, Adelaide Phillipps, Wachtel, and Saut-
to Biickeburg, where he was at first court ley as singers. He also established the
composer, and afterwards successor of J. C. Germania Theatre in New York, and served
F. Bach as Kapellmeister. His early death as conductor of a choral society, and organ-
was partly due to intemperance. Works ist of one of the city churches. In 1875 he :
Ferdinand uud Yoriko, operetta, given in brought Wachtel to America again, and
Vienna about 1786 Cantatas 12 sym- with Mme Pappenheim gave German opera
; ;
phonies 10 string quartets String duets in the Academy of Music. In 1876 he con-
; ;
and trios Violin sonatas

; Violoncello, ducted the Beethoven Centennial Concerts
;
flute, and pianoforte concertos Flute duets in New York, and attended the first Wagner
;
and trios Sonata for pianoforte, violin, Festival at Baireuth as correspondent of

;
and bass Variations for pianoforte and the " New-Yorker Staats Zeitung " and in
;
;
violin Songs. Dlabacz

; —
Fctis Gerber the winter of 1877 produced, at the Acad-
; ;
;
Mendel Riehl, Mus. Charakterkopfe, i. emy of Music, Der fliegende hoUiiudcr,

;
253 ;Schilling Schlichtegi-oU, Nekrolog Tannhauser, and Die Walkiire.

; In 1878 ho
auf des Jahr, 1795 (Gotha), 395 Wurzbach. succeeded Theodore Thomas as conductor
;
NEUENDORFF, ADOLPH, born in of the New York Philharmonic Society.

Hamburg, Germany, June 13, 1843, still Financially ruined in 1883 by the failure of
living, 1890. When twelve years old he the Germania Theatre, he has since con-
was a fair pianist in 1855, his father hav- ducted operas and concerts all over the
;
ing removed to New York, he received in- United States, and in 1887-88 was con-
sti-uction there on the violin from Joseph ductor of the concerts given by Josef lIolV-
Weinlich. When sixteen he became sec- mann on his first tour in America. AVorks :
ond violinist, and in 1859 first violinist, of The Rat Charmer of Hamclin, comic opera
the old Stadt Theatre, New York, and made in four acts, 1880 Don (Quixote, comic ;
his debut as a pianist. In 1860-61 ho was opera in four acts, 1882 Prince Woodrufl', ;
in South America, and on his return to romantic comic opera in three acts, 1SS7 ;
New York studied theory and composition Symphony No. 1, 1878 ; Syn)i)hony No. 2,
imder Carl AnschUtz, whom he succeeded 1880; Several sniallor orcheslral works;
in 1864, after a short residence in Milwau- Songs, male quartets, etc.
13
:
;;
KEUKOMM
NEUKO]^DI, SIGIS:\rUND, Hitter VON, prevented him from embarking for North
born at Salzburg, Julv 10, 1778, died in America in 183G, and the last years of his
Paris, April 3, 1858. life were spent between London and Paris,
Pupil of the organist with brief visits to other cities. For some
Weissauer, whose time he was blind, but a successful opera-
place ho often filled tion restored his sight.
;
In spite of the dis-
then stiidied compo- tractions of travelling he composed indus-
sition under Michael triously, but, fluent and interesting as his
Haydn, and at the works are, they are now almost forgotten.
age of fifteen became He cultivated the more serious kind of mu-
university organist. sic, and attempted to revive the style of
He learned several Palestrina. His refinement and elevated
other instruments, character won him many friends. Works :
and played the flute Alexander am Indus, opera ; nine other

in concerts. When German operas. Oratorios Das Gesetz :
eighteen years old he des alten Bundes (in English, Mount Sinai)
was made Correpetitor of the opera, but David Grablegung,
; Auferstehung und
after finishing his university studies left Himmelfahrt Christi Pfingsten. Cantatas ;
Salzburg in 1798 for Vienna. He became Der Ostermorgen Circe Music to Schil- ; ;
the pupil of Joseph Haydn, who treated him ler's Braut von Messina 15 masses 5 Te ; ;
like a son. In 1807 he went to Stockholm, Deums 5 church cantatas;

Morning and ;
where he was elected member of the Acad- evening service Many psalms 3 Italian ; ;
emy then to St. Petersburg, and became dramatic scenes

;
About two hundred ;
there conductor of the German opera. At songs Duets, terzets, and choruses Sym-
; ;
the time of Haydn's death he returned to phony ; 5 overtures ; 7 orchestral fantasias

Vienna, and in 1809 went to Paris, where 57 organ pieces Concerto, sonatas, and ;
he was intimate with Gretry, Cherubiui, other music for pianoforte Chamber and ;
and other celebrities. He succeeded Dus- military music, altogether more than 1,000
sek as pianist to Talleyrand, whom he ac- compositions. Wurzbach Mendel Schil- — ; ;
companied to the Congress of Vienna, Hng Riemaun

; Futis Rochlitz, Fiir ; ;
where he was commissioned to compose a Freunde der Tonkunst, iii. 226 Schebest, ;
Requiem in memory of Louis XVI., and Aus dem Leben einer Kiinstlerin (Stutt-
where Louis XVIH. conferred upon him gart, 1857) ; Illustr. Zeitg. (1858), i. 394
the Legion of Honour and a title of nobil- NEUPERT, (CARL FREDERIK) ED-
ity. "With Talleyrand he returned to Paris, ]\IUND, born at Clnistiania, Norway, April
but in 1816 he went in the suite of the 1, 1812, died in New York, June 22, 1888.
Due de Luxembourg to Brazil and was Pianist, pupil of his father until 1856, then
appointed court director by the Emperor in Berlin of Kullak and Kiel. In 1868 he
Dom Pedro, with whom he went to Lisbon became teacher of pianoforte at the Copen-
when the revolution of 1821 compelled him hagan Conservatory, and in 1880 professor
to leave Rio Janeiro. Then lie returned at the Imperial Conservatory, Moscow, but
to Talleyrand, but in 182G travelled in left the latter on the death of Nicolas Ru-
Italy, in 1827 in Holland and Belgium, and binstein (1881) and after a visit to Norway
in 1829 in England and Scotland. He ac- removed in 1882 to New York, where he de-
companied Talleyrand on his embassy to voted himself to teaching and concert play-
England in 1830 in 1832 visited Germa-
; ing. Works Andante fantastique Before
: ;
ny, in 1833-3i Italy, and in 1831-35 Sou- the Battle; Funeral March; 6 Norwegian Im-
thern France and Alfxiers. Illness alone provisations Dause orientale 4 Romances
; ;
;
14
NEUSIEDLEPt
4 Valses ; 3 Barcarolles ; 3 Ballades
3 Polo- written for Hebbel's drama of Die Nibe-
;
naises ; 124 Concert etudes. He

published lungen (18G2), first performed in 1875.
also : Piano School (1880), and more than Published in Munich.
700 technical studies and exercises. NICCOLINI GIUSEPPE, born
(Nicolini),
NEUSIEDLER (Newsidler), MEL- in Piacenza in 1771 (April, 17G3 ?), died
CmOR, born at there, Dec. 18, 1842. Dramatic composer,
Augsburg in the son and pupil of Omobono Xiccolini, ma-
first half of the estro di cai^pella at Piacenza
he studied ;
IGth century, singing under Macedone, and at the Con-

died in Nurem- servatoiio di San Onofi-io in Naples was the
berg in 1590. pupil of Insanguine, called Monopoli. His
Lutenist, lived in first opera was performed in 1793, and he
Italy in 15GG, and wrote more than fifty others, which were
afterwards in represented with gi-eat success in the prin-
Nuremberg. He cipal cities of Italy. After becoming ma-
did much to im- estro di cappella of the cathedral at Pia-
prove the lute, and published two books of cenza in 1819, he composed chiefly church
lute music (Venice, 156G), which were re- music. Works— Operas La : famiglia stra-
printed by P. Phalese (Louvain, 1571) and vagante, Parma, 1792 II priucipe Spazza- ;
by Tobin (Strasburg). He published also camino, I molinari, Genoa, 1794 Le nozze ;
Deutsch Lautenbuch, darinnen kunstreiche campestri, Milan, 1794 L' Ai-taserse, Ven- ;
Motetten, etc. (1574, 2d ed., 159G in Ital- ; ice, 1795 La donna innamorata, ib., 179G
;
;
ian, II primo libro in tabulatura di liuto, Alzira, Genoa, 1797 La clemeuza di Tito, ;
157G) and Sechs Motetten von Josquin in

; Leghorn, 1798 I due fratelli ridicoli,
;
Lautentabulatur heraus (1587). Rome, 1798 II Bruto, Genoa, 1799 GU

; ;
NEVER WILL MY HEART REFUSE Scitti, II trionfo del bel sesso, Milan, 1799 ;
THEE. mein Herze scheu- L'indativo, Genoa, 1800

See leh will dir I baccanali di ;
ken. Roma, Milan, 1801 I Manlj, ib., 1802 La ; ;
NEVIN, ETHELBERT WOODBRIDGE, selvaggia, Rome, 1803 Fedra, ossia il ri- ;
born, of American jârentage, in Pittsburgh, torno di Teseo, ib., 1804 II geloso since- ;
Pennsylvania, Nov. 25, 18G2, still living, rato, Geribea e Telamone, Gl' incostanti
1890. Pianist, pujîl in Pittsburgh of von nemici delle donue, Le nozze inaspettate,
der Heide, and of William Guenther and ; Naples, 1805 Abenhamet e Zoraide, Mil-
;
in 1877-78 studied singing in Dresden un- an, 180G Trajano in Dacia, Rome, 1807
; ;
der von Boehme. In 1880-81 he studied Le due gemelle, ib., 1808 Coriolano, Milan, ;
counterpoint under S. Austen Pearce, of 1809 Dario Istaspe, Turin, 1810 Angeli-
; ;
New York, and then in Boston, for two ca e Medoro, Abradame e Dir-
ib., 1811 ;
years, the pianoforte under B. J. Lang, and cea, Milan, 1811 Quinto Fabio, Le nozze ;
harmony under Stephen A. Emery. In 1884 dei Morlacchi, Vienna, 1811 La feudataria, ;
he went to Europe and studied, in Berlin, Piacenza, 1812 La casa del astrologo ^li-
; ;
the pianoforte and theory under Karl Klind- Balduino Carlo tridate ; L' ira d' Achille ; ;
worth, von Billow, and Carl Bial. Magno II contc di Lennos Annibalc in
Works : ; ;
Suite for pianoforte, op. 2 Waltzes, andBitinia Cesare nellc Gallic

;
Adolfo La ; ; ;
other pianoforte music Songs. presa di Granata

;
L' croe di Lancastro ; ;
NIBELUNGEN. See Eing dcs Nibe- Aspasia ed Agide II Tcuzzone Ilda d' ; ;
lungen. Avenelle, Bergamo, 1828 La couquista di ;
NIBELUNGEN, eleven Charakterstiicke Malacca Witikind II trionfo di Cesare. ; ;
for orchestra by Eduard Lassen, op. 47, Five oratorios 30 masses 2 requiems 100 ; ; ;
15
;;
NICCOLmi
psalms Cantatas Pianoforte sonatas Quar- lak's Academic of Kullak on the pianoforte,
; ; ;
tets for different instruments Canzonets, and of Wiierst in theory finally, of Kiel in
; ;
and other compositions. Futis Mendel — ; counterpoint and com-

Schilling. position. Having for
NICCOLINI, LOUIS, born at Pistoja in several years taught in
17G9, died at Leghorn in 1829. Pupil of Berlin, where he re-
then of Sala, Tritto, and
llutini at Florence, peatedly played in pub-
Paisiello at the Conservatorio della Pieta lic, he made a concert
dei Turchiui in Naples. In 1789 he was tour with Madame Ar-
appointed maestro di cappella of the cathe- tOtthrough Galicia and
dral at Leghorn. Works : Several ballets Roumania in 1878, and
for the Teatro San Carlo, Naples ; Masses, became in 1879 in-
litanies, and many other sacred composi- structor at the Conser-
tions, —F6tis. vatorium in Dresden. Works Maria Stu- :
NICCOLO DE' LAPI, ossia 1' assedio di art, symphonic poem Symphonic variations
;
Firenze, Italian opera seria in four acts, on an original theme Chamber music So- ; ;
text by Piuto, music by Pacini, first repre- natas for pianoforte, etc. Riemann. —
sented in Florence, Oct. 29, 1873. It was NICOLA, KARL, born at Mannheim in
sung by Mme Ronzi-Checchi, Augusti, and 1797, died at Hanover, June, 1875. Vio-
Nierly. Same text, music by Francesco linist, pupil of Wendling and in composi-
Schira, Loudon, March 7, 18G3 by Gio- ; tion of Gottfried Weber ; member of the
vanni Rossi, Ancona, 18GJ:, Parma, 18GG ; court orchestra at Mannheim, Stuttgart
by Gammieri, St. Petersburg, Dec. 6, 1877 ; (1821-23), and finally at Hanover. Works :
and by Terziaui, Rome, February, 1883. Overture to the drama Anna Boleyn ; Ada-
NICHEL:\LANN, CHRISTOPH, born at gio and rondo for violin and orchestra ; 2
Treueubrietzen,Brandenburg, Aug. 13, 1717, quartets for strings ; Sonatas for violin and
died in Berlin, July 20, 17G2. Instrumental pianoforte ; About 7 collections of German
and vocal composer, and writer on music songs. —Fctis ; Schilling.
pupil of Bach, and his oldest son, at the NICOLAI, (CARL) OTTO (EHREN-
Thomasschule in Leipsic, and of Quautz in FRIED), born at
Berlin, having in the meanwhile lived in Kunigsberg, June 9,
Hamburg. In 1744-56 he was pianist to 1810, died in Berlin,
Frederick the Great. He is now chiefly May 11, 1849. Dra-
known by his book Die Melodie nach ihrem matic composer, pu-
Wesen, etc. (Dantzic, 1755), which he de- pil on the pianoforte
fended successfully against the attacks of of his father, a sing-
a pseudonymous Diinkelfeind. Works : II ing teacher ; was so
soguo di Scipione, serenade, Berlin, 174G ;
unhappy at home
Galatea, pastorale (with Frederick the Great, that he ran away at
Grauu, and Quantz), ib. Pianoforte music,
; the age of sixteen. He was befriended by
and songs for the collections of Marpurg the Justizrath Adler, of Stargard, who
{175G), Voss (1758), Lange (1758), and Birn- helped him in his studies, and in 1827 sent
stiel (17G0).— Fetis Gerber
; Mendel him to Berlin, where he studied under Zelter
;
;
Schilling. and Klein. In 1833 the Chevalier Bunsen

NICODf:, JEAN LOUIS, born at Jerczik, sent him to Rome, as organist to the chapel
near Posen, Aug. 12, 1853, still living, 1890. of the Prussian embassy, where he studied,
Pianist, first instructed in Berlin by his under Baini, the great Italian masters, es-
father, then pupil of Hiirtkiis, and at Kul- pecially the older ones. Late in 1837 he
16
NICOLAI
went to Vienna, where he was made Ka- helm IV., 1S43 ; /'e^Z-Ouverture, KOnigsberg,
pellmeister and singing master at the court 1844 Symphony Requiem Te Deum G
; ; ; ;
opera. In October, 1838, he returned to Lieder, op. G ; Lieder und Gesiinge,

op. IG ;
Rome, and began his career as a dramatic Concerto for pianoforte and orchestra,
and
composer, producing several operas in
various Italian cities with much suc-
cess. In 1841 he returned once more
to Vienna, to become first Kapellmeister
of the opera, which post he held to gen- j:>
eral admiration until Easter, 1847, hav-
ing produced two operas during his stay. other pianoforte music Songs and cho- ;
In 1842 he founded the Philharmonic Con- ruses. Mendel, Otto Nicolai, Eine Bio-—
certs there. The composition of a mass gi'aphie (Berlin, 18G8).
(1843) dedicated to Friedrich Wilhelm IV., NICOLM, JOH.VNN GOTTLIEB, born
and of a Festival Overture for chorus and at Gross-Neundorf, Saxe-Meiningen, Oct
orchestra on Ein' feste Burg for the Jubilee 15, 1744, died at ZwoU in 1801. Organist
of the Konigsberg University in 1844, got and concert director from 1780 at Zwoll.
him a call to Berlin as director of the then Works Die Wilddiebe, operetta, 1774
: ;
newly organized Domchor, and Kapellmeis- Der Geburtstag, do., 1779 Jolautha, do., ;
ter of the opera. Here he finished his Die 1785 Symphonic concertante for violin and
;
lustigen Weiber von Windsor, decidedly his violoncello, op. 7 ; 2 quartets for strings ;
best work, which he had begun at Vienna. Sonatas for pianoforte ; Soli for fiute, etc.
It was brought out at Berlin with resound- NICOLAI, WILLEM FREDERIK GE-
ing success, only two months before he RARD, born in Leyden, Holland, Nov. 20,
died of apoplexy. Excepting this last work, 1829, still living, 1890. Organist and pian-
and his Festival Overture, nothing of his ist,pupil at the Conservatorium, Leipsic, of
ever had a very lasting success. He had Moscheles, Rietz, Hauptmaun, and Richter,
a natural gift of bright, graceful melody, and at Dresden of Johann Schneider on the
and wrote in excellent style, albeit he nev- organ. In 1852 he was appointed instruc-
er aimed very high, and was content to tor at the royal school of music at The
please the taste of the day. Yet much Hague and, after Liibeck's death, became
might have been expected of him, had he its director. As conductor of several musi-
"
lived longer. He was honorary member of cal societies and as editor of the " Cecilia
the Societa Cecilia at Rome, and of the Fi- (since 1870), he has had much inllucnco
larmonici at Bologna. In 1851 the Berlin among his countrymen. Works: Bouifa-
Tonkiinstler-Verein set up a monument over cius, oratorio Das Lied von der (ilocke, ;
his grave in the church-yard of the Doro- for chorus, soli, and orchestra ;
Hanskon
theenstadt. Works — Operas : Rosmonda van Gelder, for male chorus and do. ;
Tit
d' Inghilterra, given in 1838, in herinnering, for do.; Voudel-hymne, for do.;
Turin,
Trieste, as Enrico H., April 2G, 1839 II Door het woud, for do.
;
Thorbeckccantnte, ;
Templario, three acts, text by G. M. Marino, for do. De zweedsche nachtcgaal, for chil-
;
after Scott's " Ivanhoe," Turin, Feb. 11, dren's voices, mixed chorus, and orchestra ;
1840 Odoardo
; e Gildippe, Turin, 1841 ; II Other cantatas Duets and songs Piano-
; ;
proscritto, throe acts, March 13,

jMilan, forte music. — Mendel Riemauu Viotttx.
; ;
1842, in German as Die Heimkehr des Ver- NICOLo. Immnh See

bannten, Vienna, Feb. 3, 1844 ; Die Insti- NICOU-CHORON, STKPHANR LOUIS,
gen Weiber von Windsor, Berlin, IMarch 9, born in Paris, April 20, 1809, died there,
1849. Mass, dedicated to Friedrich Wil- Sept. G, 188G. Church composer, educated
: ;
NIDECKI
at Clioron's lustitutiouRoyale de Musique, Masses, motets, anthems, hymns Organ ;
where Le became professor and, in 1832, preludes Le lac, and other melodies, to ;
inspector of studies. On the death of words by Lamartine, Victor Hugo, and Des-
Chorou, whose son-in-law he had become, champs Italian songs Pianoforte music ; ;
;
he assumed the direction of the school, Mc'thode d'accompagnement du plain-chant,

which, however, abandoned by the govern- with d'Ortigue (Paris, 1855, 2nd ed., 187G)
ment, could not support itself. Works Accompagnemeut pour orgue des offices
Oratorios for Christmas, Eastei-, and Pen- de I'Eglise (ib., 18G1). Ft'tis do., Supple- — ;
tecost ;Several cantatas Several solemn ment, ii. 273 Mendel Riemann.
; ; ;
masses with orchestra Short masses with

; NIEMANN, RUDOLF (FRIEDRICH),
organ Many motets and canticles Marche born at Wesselburen, Holstein, Dec. 4, 1838,
; ;
religieuse, for orchestra ; Sacred songs, etc. still living, 1890. Pianist, first instructed
— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 272. by his father, an organist, then pupil at the
NIDECKI, TOMASZ, born at Warsaw Conservatorium, Leipsic, of Moscheles,
about 1800, died there in 1852. Dramatic Plaidy, and Rietz, at the Conservatoire in
composer, pupil of Eisner at the Couserva- Paris, of Marmoutel and Halevy, and finally
torium in Warsaw went to Vienna with a
; in Berlin, of Billow and Kiel. He made
government stipend, and in 1837 settled at himself fii'st known as a pianist, in 1873-77,
Posen, whence he was called, in 1841, to when he accompanied Wilhelmj on his con-
succeed Kurpiuski as conductor of the op- cert tours through Germany, Russia, and
era in Warsaw. Works Der Wasserfall in: England. For several years he lived at Ham-
Feenheim, melodrama, Vienna, 1825 Przy- burg, and, in 1883 settled at Wiesbaden,
;
siega (The oath), lyrical drama Masses and whence he accompanied Wilhelmj on his
;
other church music Overtures.

; Fetis —
travels, teaching also at the latter's violin
;
Sowiiiski. school, at Biebrich. He has composed chief-

NIEDERMEYER, LOUIS, born at Nyon, ly genre pieces for i:)ianoforte, and songs,
near Geneva, Switzerland, April 27, 1802, besides a .sonata for violin. — Riemann.
died in Paris, March 14, 18G1. Dramatic NIE SOLLST DU MICH BEFRAGEN.
composer, pupil of his father, and in Vi- See LoJiengrin.
enna of Moscheles on the pianoforte, and NIEUWENHUIJSEN, FRED ERIK,
of Forster in composition. In 1819 he born at Zutphen, Holland, in 1758, died at
went to Italy, studied vocal composition Utrecht, Jan. 29, 1841. Organist, pupil of
under Fioravanti in Rome, and under Zin- Bleumer, and in 1772-78 of Groenemann,
garelli in Naples, where he became intimate whereupon he became organist of the cathe-
with Rossini, and brought out his fii'st opera. dral at Uti-echt. He made also a great repu-
He settled in 1821 in Geneva, thence went tation as carillouneur. Works : De zeeslag
to Paris in 1823, but his success falling short by Dogger-sbank, symphonic piece for 2 oi*-
of his desires, he became music-master for chestras, Utrecht, 1781 ; Lapaix d'Alkmaar,
eighteen mouths of a school in Brussels, cantata, 1802 ; De toonkunst, do., 1818 ;
and afterwards returned to Paris. After Other cantatas ; Dramatic song for the in-
failing as a dramatic composer he devoted auguration of the theatre at Utrecht, 179G ;
himself to raising the school of sacred etc. — Viotta.

music founded by Choron, and with d'Oi-- NIEUWENHUIJSEN, WILLEM JAN
tigue founded the periodical "La Maitrise," FREDERIK, born at Utrecht, Jan. 4, 1818,
devoted to sacred music. —
Works Operas died there. May 19, 18G9. Organist and
:
Ilreo per amore, Naples ; La casa nel bos- writer on music, sou of the preceding,
co, Paris, 1828 ; Stradella, ib., 1837 ; Ma- whom he succeeded in his position at the
ria Stuart, ib., 18-41 ; La Fronde, ib., 1853.cathedral. Works: Overture to Victor
NIIIOUL
Hugo's Heruani ; Chor- Celestina Coltellini as Nina and Signor Laz-
Leicester, cantata ;
uses for male voices Instrumental music, zarini as her lover, Lindor. Reduced to
;
— Viotta. one act by Paer, and represented at the

NIHOUL, ]\nCHEL, born at Tongres, King's Theatre, London, May 26, 1825,
Belgium, in 1790, died there, November, with Pasta as Nina, one of her best achieve-
1865. Dramatic composer, pupil of Daus- ments, and Signor Curioni as Lindor. Pub-
soigne-Mehul. In 1834 he accepted a gov- lished by Ricordi (Milan), and by Witzen-
ernment position, and in 1860 was post- dorf (Vienna). Same title, Italian opera
master in his native city. Works Une semi-seria, text by Ferretti, music by Cop-
:
soiree a la mode, opera-comique, Liege, pola,

represented in Rome, May 6, first
1836 ; Le compromis des nobles, grand op- 1854.
The part of Nina was written for
era ; Church music, and symphonic compo- Adelina Spech, who won much success, and
sitions. His son Remain (born at Tongres it was sung with effect also by Mme Alboni.
in 1821, died there,July 30, 1881), piipil at It was given at the Opera Comique, Paris,
the Conservatoire at Liege, was conductor in December, 1839, under the title of Eva,
and director of musical societies in Ton- with words by MM. de Leuven and Bruns-
gres, maitre de chapelle at the cathedral, wick, and with Mme Eugenie Garcia as
and professor in various schools. Works Nina. An intermede in two acts, Nina et
;
Le bandit, oiêra-comique, Tongres, 1857; Lindor, ou les caprices du coeur, text by

—
Masses, canticles, choruses, etc. Fetis, Sup- Richelet, music by Duni, was given at the
plement, ii. 275. Foire Saint-Laurent, Paris, Sept. 9, 1758.
NDBI MICH DIE ZU EIGEN HIN, — Clement et Larousse, 478 Queens of
;
tenor aria in C major, with accompaniment Song, ii. 18 ; Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxvi. 261.
of two flutes,two horns, two oboi da caccia, NINI, ALESSANDRO, born at Fano,
strings complete, and continuo, in Johann Roniagna, Nov. 1, 1805, died at Bergamo,
Sebastian Bach's cantata, Sie werden aus Dec. 27, 1880. Dramatic and church com-
Saba Alle kommen. poser, pupil of Ripiui, and at Bologna (1827)
NINA, ou la folle par amour, comedie in of Palmerini. In 1831 he went to St. Peters-
one act, text by Marsollier, music by Dalay- burg, where he established, and until 1837
rac, first represented at the Italiens, Paris, directed, a school of singing. Some years
May 15, 1786, with Mme Dugazou as Nina. he was made maestro
after his return to Ital}'
Nina, believing that her lover, Germeuil, di cappella at the cathedral of Bergamo.
has been killed in a duel, becomes insane, —
Works Operas Ida della Torre, Venice,
:
but recovers her reason on his safe return. 1837 LaMaresciallad" Ancre, Padua, 1839
: ;
Given in Leipsic with Mme Aue as Nina, Cristina di Svezia, Genoa, 1840 Marghe- ;
in April, 1808. It was arranged as a ballet rita di York, Venice, 1841 Odalisa, Milan,;
in three acts by Milon and Persuis, and rep- 1842 Virginia, Genoa, 1843. Church mu-
;
resented at the Academic lloyale de Mu- —

sic. Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 276.
;
sique, Paris, Nov. 23, 1813, with Mile NIOBE, REGINA DI TKBE (Nicbe,
Bigottini as Nina and M. Milon as Ger- Queen of Thebes), Italian opera, text by
meuil. Published by Schlesinger (Berlin Luigi Orlandi, nuisic by StolVajii. first rep-
1860-67).— Clement et Larousse, 477 La- , resented in j\[unich, January, KISS. This
jarte, ii. 81 Clement, Mus. celebres, 194;
;
was Steffaui's last work for the ccnn-t of
259
Jullien, Airs varies, Hogarth, ii. 331. INIunich. Same subject, opera by Pacini.
;
NINA, ossia la pazza per amore, Italian Naples, Nov. 19, 1S26, written for Pastn.
opera in three acts, text by Lorenzi after who won a great triunq^li in it. PiibHshe<l
Marsollier, music by Paisiello, first repre- by Ricordi (Milan).— Rudhart, Milnchener
sented in Naples in May, 1787, with IMme dper (1654-1787), 81.
19
; ;
TsIllVANA
NIEVANA, Stimmungs- demur, and begs Amasi to aid in finding

symplionisclies
by Hans von Biilow, op. his daughter Nitteti, lost in the tumult,
bikl, for orcliestra,
20, performed in "W'eiraar, May 25, 188J:. whom he wishes given in mai-riage to Sam-
Published by Heine (Leipsic, 18G0-G7); mete, the son of Amasi, so that she may be
and by Aibl (Munich, 1884) ai-ranged by restored to the throne. Aprio then dies in
;
Eichard Kleinmichel for pianoforte for four the arms of Amasi. Published by Eicordi
hands. (Milan). Same text, Italian operas, music
NI8LE, JE.\N FE1^D1^:RIC, born at by Jommelli, Stuttgart, 1753 Nicolo Con- ;
Ncuwied in 1782, died (?). Virtuoso on forti, Madrid, 1756 Holzbauer, Turin, ;
the horn and pianist, pupil of Koch at Eu- 1757 Johann Adolph Hasse, Dresden, ;
dolstadt, whence he went to Eostock, and 1758 by Angelo Petrucci, Mantua, 1766 ; ;
in 1806 joined in Vienna liis elder brother Ignaz Fiorillo, Cassel, 1770 Sacchini, Lon- ;
David, with whom he had travelled before don, 1774 Dominico Fischetti, Naples, ;
studying at Eudolstadt. The two went into Nov. 4, 1775 Carlo Monza, Venice, 1777 ; ;
HungiU-y, and thence to Trieste, and through Josef Mysliweczek, ib., 1780 Paisiello, St. ;
Italy as far as Sicily. Jean Frederic settled Petersburg, 1781 ; Luigi Gatti, Lucca, 1786
at Catania, where he founded a musical so- Sebastiano Nasolini, Trieste, 1788 ; Parenti,
ciety, and lived for about twenty years. In Naples, 1789 ; Bertoni, ib., 1789 ; Bianchi,
1831 he returned to Germany, went to Paris Milan, 1789 ; Federici, London, 1797 ; Be-
in 1836, and then to London, where he still nincori, Vienna, 1800 ; Stefano Pavesi, Tu-
was in 1837. For many years previously rin, 1812 ; and Poissl, Darmstadt, 1817.
he had abandoned his former instrument for NISÊS, GLTLLAL3IE GABEIEL, bom
the pianoforte. Works
Overture for full in a village near Melun in 1617, died in
:
orchestra ;
Quintet for Paris after 1700. Church composer and
Quintets for violins ;
flute, horn, and strings Do. for flute and writer on music, pvipil of Chambonnieres
;
strings Quartets for strings Trios for do.

;
on the pianoforte, became in 1640 organist
;
Do. for 2 horns and violoncello Do. for of Saint-Sulpice, in 1642 tenor in the royal
;
pianoforte, vioHn, and horn Duos for vio- chapel, and in 1667 organist of the same.
;
lins Do. for horns Do. for pianoforte and Afterwards he was also maitre de musique
; ;
horn 6 solos for violin Divertissements to the queen. Works Chants d'eglise a,
; ; :
and fantaisies for pianoforte German and I'usage de la paroisse de Saint-Sulpice (Pa-
;
Italian songs. —
Fetis Schilling. ris, 1656)
; Graduale romanum juxta mis- ;
NITTETI, opera in three acts, sale Pii Quinti, etc. (ib., 1658) Antiphona-
Italian ;
text by Metastasio, music by Sarti, fii'st rium romanum, etc. (1658) Passiones cum ;
represented in Parma in 1765. Scene in benedictione, etc. (ib., 1670) Lemons de ;
Eg3i:)t. Characters represented : Amasi, tenebres, etc. Chants ct motets, etc. (ib., ;
King of Egypt ; Sammete, his son ; Beroe, 1692) Livre d'orguc (3, 1665, 1671, 1675).
;
a shepherdess, loved by Sammete Mendel Ricmann. ; Nitte- — Fetis ; ;
ti,Egyptian princess, daughter of the de- NIXE, DIE, cantata for alto solo, female
throned king Aprio Ameuofi, sovereign of chorus, and orchestra, text by Lcrmontoff,
;
Cirene, friend of Sammete and lover of music by Anton Eubinstein, op. 63, first
Nitteti and Bubaste, captain of the king's given at the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, Febru-
;
guards. Amasi, captain of the Egj^jtian ary, 1864. Published by Senff (Leipsic).
army and friend of Aprio, King of Egypt, Hanslick, Concertwesen in Wien, ii. 340. —
is sent by him to subdue rebellious prov- NOBLES SEIGNEUES, S.VLUT See !
inces. He fulfils his mission, and on his ITur/uenots.

return is proclaimed king of Egypt by the NOCES DE JE.\NNETTE, LES (Jean-
people. Aprio yields the throne without uette's Wedding), opcra-comique in one
20
;
jsrocEs
act, text by Carre and Barbier, music by and orchestra, by Saint-Saens, op.
rus, soli,
Victor Masse, first represented at the Opera 19, performed at the Cirque des
first
Comique, Paris, Feb. 4, 1853. The subject, Champs Elysees, Paris, Sept. 1, 18G7. Pub-
Jeannette, is a young working-woman, who lished by IMaho (Paris, 18G8).
through love and tact elevates the charac- NODUS SOLOMONIS (Solomon's Knot),
ter of her betrothed, Jean, a coarse and ill- a celebrated canon composed by Pietro
tempered peasant. The chief parts were Francesco Valentini in Pome in 1G31. It
sung originally by Mme Miolan and M. is written on the chord of G for ninety-
Couderc. Tins, one of Masse's best works, six voices in twenty-four choirs. Kircher
was first given in New York in 18G1, with describes it in his Musurgia Universalis
Clai'a Louise Kellogg and M. Dubreuil in ; (Rome, 1G50), and says if the proper dis-
London in 1875 in Vienna in 1884 and
; ; tribution of the four-part chorus is made,
by the American Opera Company, New this canon may be sung by twelve million
York, March 24, 1886. Published by two hundred thousand voices. Grove, — ii.
Schlesinger (Berlin, 1854). —

Clement et 461 Burney, iii. 522 Hawkins, iii. 37G.
; ;
Larousse, 481 Krehbiel, Keview (1885-8G),

; NOEL. See Oratorio de Noel.
183. NOHR, CHRISTLIN FRIEDRICH, born
NOCES D'OLRÊTTE, LES, opera-coat Langensalza, Thuringia, Oct. 7, 1800,
mique in three acts, text by Chivot and Du- died at Meiningen, Oct. 5, 1875. Virtuoso
ru, mvisic by Edmond Audrau, first repre- on the violin, pupil of Spohr, and in com-
sented at the Bouffes-Parisiens, Paris, Nov. position of Umbrcit and Hauptmann after ;
13, 1879. Olivette, daughter of the sene- several successful concert tours he became
chal de Perpignan, loves Valentin, a young Conzertmeister in the ducal orchestra at
ofiicer in the body guard of tlie comtesse Meiningen. Works Operas Der Alpen- — :
de Iloussillon, and nephew of capitaine hirt, Gotha, 1831 Liebeszauber, Meinin- ;
Merimac, whom Olivette's father wishes gen, 1831 Die wunderbaren Lichter, ib., ;
her to marry. Valentin disguises himself 1833 Der vierjiihrigc Posten, ib., 1851.
;
as his uncle and marries Olivette. Matters Oratorios Martin Luther, Eisenach, 1850 :
;
become complicated, for Valentin dares Frauenlob Helvetia. Symphony for full ;
not appear as himself before the comtesse, orchestra Pot-pourri for wind instruments ;
who is in love with him, and Olivette is in- Quintet for strings 2 quartets for do. ;
;
volved with two Merimacs. The thread is Quartets for male voices German songs. ;
disentangled through the aid of the due Fetis Mendel. — ;
des Ifs, who draws the elder Merimac into NOLA, GIOVANNI DOmNIC DE, Ital-
a conspiracy which forces him to leave the ian comiôser of the 16th century. His name
country, and wins the comtesse's consent is probably only that of his birthplace. He
to the union of Valentin and Olivette. was maestro di cappella of S. Annunciata at
The original cast included Mile Clary as Naples in 1575. Works D. Joannis Dom- :
Olivette ; Mile Bennati as la comtesse de ini juvenis, etc., cantioncs, vulgo ^lotectn
lioussillon ; MM. Jolly, Marcelin, Gerpre, appcllatic, etc. (Venice, 1575) Canzone vil- ;
Desmonts, Pescheux, and Bertelot. The lanesche a 3 voci (ib., 1545) Villanella alia ;
opera was first given in New York, Jan. 7, Napolitana a 3 c 4 voci (ib., 1570); Madri-
1881. —
Revue ct Gaz. mus. de Paris (1879), gals in various collections of tlie time. Fe- —
372. tis Mendel. ;
NOCES DE VtLtE ET DE THl^^TIS. NON CASA, NON SPIAGGIA. Sec

See Nozze di Tetide e di Pelco. Purifani.
NOCES DE PI10MKTHI^:E, LES (Tlie NON, CE NEST POINT UN SACRI-
Wedding of Prometheus), cantata for cho- FICE. See Alcedc, Ghick.
21
NON
XON, DE MA JUSTE C0L1:RE. See in Hilton's " Catch that Catch can," but
Deux families. the author's name is not mentioned in the
NON ^n DIR, BELL' IDOL :MI0. See edition of 1G52. Its composition has been
Don Giovanni. ascribed also to Palestrina, who used the
NONNENGESANG (Song of the Nuns), opening theme for his Madrigal, "AVhen
for soprano solo and female chorus, with ac- flowery meadows deck the year," possibly
companiment of two horns and harp, text on the evidence of a copy of this canon, en-
from Uhland's " Brautlied," music by Jen- graved on a plate of gold, and said to be in
sen, op. 10, No. 1. It is dedicated to J. P. the Vatican but Dr. Blow, in his " Am-
;
E. Hartmann and Niels W. Gade, Pub- l^hion Anglicus " (1700), speaks of this as
lished by Schuberth (Hamburg, 18()0-G7). "Byrd's Anthem in golden notes," "Pre-
NONNE SANGLANTE, LA (The Bloody served intire in the Vatican." The canon
Nun), French opera in five acts, text by has been set to German words and ascribed
Scribe and Delavigne, music by Gounod, to Mozart. Bach used the theme for the
first represented at the Academie Eoyale de subject of an " Allabreve per Organo pleno
Musique, Paris, Oct. 18, 1854. Subject from in D " Handel, in the Hallelujah chorus in
;
Lewis's romance " The Monk " (1795) the Messiah, and in "I will Sing unto the
;
scene in Bohemia in the eleventh century. Lord," in Israel in Egypt Mendelssohn, in ;
Agnus, daughter of Comte de Moldaw, prom- the last chorus in Paulus ; and Carlo Ricci-
ised by her father to Theobald, son of the otti founded upon it a concerto, published
Baron de Luddorf, loves Rodolphe, brother in Amsterdam in the eighteenth century.
of Theobald. In order to meet him she The canon is capable of many solutions, an
promises to assume the disguise of the interesting one of which is in an anonymous
Nonne sanglante, a phantom that haunts MS, in Buckingham Palace. Mendelssohn
the estate. Rodolphe, seeking her at mid- also set this, Psalm cxv., op. 31, Simrock
night, falls in with the real phantom, and, (Bonn, 183G).— Grove, ii. 464 Burney, iii. ;
supposing her to be Agnes, pledges her his 92 Pohl, Mozart und Haydn in London, i.
;
love. Theobald dies, and Rodolphe wish- 19, 25.

ing to marry Agnes, the Nonne sanglante NON PIU ANDRAI. See Nozze di Fi-
agrees to release him from his vows to her garo.
if he will slay her seducer and murderer. NON PLUS ULTRA. See Plus ultra.
To Rodolphe's horror, she jioints out his NON SO DONDE VIENE, aria for bass
own father as the proposed victim. For- with orchestra in F, text from Metastasio's
tunately, the baron is removed by the poig- Olimpiade, music by Mozart, composed for
uards of the Moldaws, and the appeased Herr Fischer in Vienna, March 18, 1787.
nun bears him to heaven in a grand tableau. Breitkopf & Hilrtel,Mozart Werke, Serie vi.,
This opera was given only eleven times. No. 35. — Kochel, Verzeichniss, No. 512 ;
— Clement et Larousse, 481. Andre, No. 85.

NONNES QUI REPOSEZ. See Robert NON SO DONDE VIENE, aria for so-
le Diable. l^rano with orchestra, in E-flat, text from
NON NOBIS, DOMINE, a celebrated Metastasio's Olimpiade, music by Mozart,
canon in the Mixolydian mode, frequently composed in Manheim, Feb. 24, 1778, for
sung in England at the close of public din- Aloysia Weber, and sung by her in Vienna,
ners. Its authorship has been assigned by Mar(!h 11, 1783. Breitkopf & Hartel, Mo-
English historians to William Byrd, but the zart Werke, Serie vi., No. 17. — Kuchel,
canon does not ajJiêar in any of his pub- Verzeichniss, No. 294 ; Jahn, Mozart, ii.
lished works. According to Burney, the 170 ; Mozart's Letters (Lady Wallace), i.
first copy bearing Byrd's name is contained 175.
23
— ; : — ;
KON
NON SO Pitr COSA SON. See Nozze vace) ; rV. Liebeslied (Andante) ; V. Zur
cli Figaro. Published by Kiiste (Allegro mae.stoso).
NON TEMEK, AMATO BENE, rondo Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1875-76). No.
for soj^rauo with orchestra and pianoforte 5, op. 26, in A, dedicated to Niels W. Gade :
obhgato, in E-flat, text from Idomeneo, mu- I. Auf dem Meere (Allegro) II. Serenade ;
sic by Mozart, composed for Mme Storace (Andante con moto) IH. Scherzo (Allegro) ;
and himself, Dec. 26, 1786. Breitkopf & IV. Im Volkston (Andautino con moto) V. ;
Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie vi., No. Si. Lob des ]\Ieeres (Allegro). Published by
Kochel, Verzeichniss, No. 505 Andre, No. Andre (Offenbach am Main, 1877-78).
;
84 Jahn, Mozart, iii. 282.

; Mus. Wochenblatt (1880), 505.
NO, NO, CHE NON aria NORMA, Italian opera in two acts, text
SEI CAPACE,
for soprano with orchestra, in C, text from by Ilomani, music by Bellini, first repre-
Aufossi's opera, II curiuso indiscreto, music sented in Milan, Dec. 26, 1831. The libretto
by Mozart, composed in Vienna in June, is taken from a tragedy of the same title, by
1783. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Soumet and Belmontet. The first act is
Serie vi., No. 26. —
KOchel, Verzeichniss, No. laid in Cambria, in the sacred forest of the
419 Jahn, Mozart, i. 426 iii. 276.
; Druids, the second in theii' temple of Ir-
;
NOEDISCHE SOMMERNACHT (North- miusul. The Gauls, having subjugated the

ern Summer Night), cantata for mixed Romans in Wales, have placed Pollione, a
chorus, soli, and orchestra, text by Lingg, proconsul of Rome, in government. He
music by Friedrich Gernsheim, op. 21. loves Norma, the daughter of the High
Published by Schott (Mainz, 1872).— Mus. Priest, Oroveso, and is secretly married to
Wochenblatt (1872), 227. her. Afterwards he gives his affection to
NOEDISCHE SUITEN, five Northern Adalgisa, a young priestess, who consents
Suites, for orchestra, by Asger Hamerik, to fly with him to Rome ; but, conscience
first performed at the Peabody Concerts, smitten, she reveals the plan to Norma, who
Baltimore, Maryland, under the composer's resolves upon revenge, and determines to
direction. No. 1, op. 22, in C I. Im : murder her two childi'en by Pollione. In-
Walde (Adagio, Allegro molto) ; II.Volks- stead of this, she impeaches herself in the
lied (Andante sostenuto) ; III. Springtauz assembly of the Druids, who condemn her to
(Allegro vivace) ; IV. Meuuet (Andante) ;
be burned. Her faithless husband is sen-
V. Brautmarsch (Allegro maestoso, Allegro tenced also, his love for Norma returns,
vivace). Published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel and he shares her on the funeral pyre.
fate
(Leipsic, 1871-72). No. 2, op. 23, in G Among the best numbers
are Norma's :
minor I. Heldenlied (Andante sostenuto)

: prayer to the moon, " Casta Diva " her ;
" me "
n. Sage (Allegro molto) III. Drapa (Mode- ; cavatina, Ah ! bello a ritorna ;
the
rato) IV. Springtanz (Moderate, Allegro
; duet between Adalgisa and Pollione, "Va
molto vivace). Published by Andre (Offen- crudele ;
" " Sola, furtiva, al tempio," sung
bach am Main, 1872-73). No. 3, op. 24, by Norma and Adalgisa; the grand duct
in A minor I. Des Barden Lied (Andante
: between Norma and Adalgisa " Deh con !
te li preudi," " Mira, O Norma

" Norma's
con moto) ; II. Hallingtanz (Allegro vivace) ;
in. Sage (Andante) IV. Springtauz (Alle- ; war hymn, "Guerra, guerra ;" and her final
gro). Published by Andn^ (Offenbach am duet with Pollione, " Qual cor trudisti."
Main, 1873-74). No. 4, op. 25, in D, dedi- Original cast

cated to Theodore Thomas : I. Auf dem Norma (S.) Mme Pasta.
Meere (Andante tranquillo. Allegro molto Adalgisa (A.) ^Mme Grisi.
vivace) II. Im Volkston (Andante sostenu- Pollione (T.)

;
Signor Don/.olli.
j
to) ; in. Meermaidstanz (Allegro molto vi- I

Oroveso (B.) Signor Negrini.
23
:
NORMAK
The Norma, one of tlio most perfect lin in 1834 in Leipsic in
rule of ; 1835 ; at Drury
on the operatic stage, Las been worthily filled Lane, London, in English, 1837 June 24, ;
by some of the greatest of prime donne, and in New York, Sept. with 20, 1843,
Signora Corsini as Norma, and Signor Pe-
rozzi as Pollione. It was given in New York,
Sept. 11, 1854, with Grisi, Mario, and
Susini in the cast. Published by Ricordi
(Milan), and by Diabelli (Vienna). — Clement
et Larousse, 482 ; Allgem. mus. Zeitg.,
xxxiv. 199 ; xxxv. 529, 752 ; xxxvi. 815 ;
Grove, 213; Athentcum (1833), 420;

i.
(1837), 485 Upton, Standard Operas, 48.

;
NOPiMAN BARON, cantata, text from

Longfellow, music by Thomas Anderton,
^vl*itten for and dedicated to the Middles-
borough Musical Union of England in 1884.

NORMANN, LUDWIG, born in Stock-
holm, Sweden, Aug. 28, 1831, died there,
March 28, 1885. Pupil of Lindblad, and
afterwards at the Conservatorium at Leip-
sic. In 1857 he became professor of com-
Academy of Stockholm,
position at the Royal
among them Pasta, Grisi, and Malibran. and in 18G1 Kapellmiistare at the opera
Grisi, who sang the part of Adalgisa to there. In 18G4 he married the violin vir-
Pasta's Norma in the first representation in tuoso Wilhelmine Neruda. Works Quartet :
Milan, expressed to Bellini a desire to sing for pianoforte and strings ; Trio for do. ;
Norma. "
Wait twenty years," replied he, Sonata for violin ; Pianoforte music for two
"and we shall see." "I will play Norma and four hands. — Riemann.
in sjiite of you, and in less than twenty NORMANNEXZUG, cantata for baritone
years," she retorted. She kept her word, soloand male chorus, with orchestra, text
for in 1834 she ajopeared as Norma in Lon- from " Ekkehard," by J. V. Scheffel, music
don, and made it her greatest character, in by Max Bruch, op. 32. Published by Breit-
which she has never been surpassed. Mile kopf «fe Hiirtel (Loipsic, 1873).
Tietjens was also successful in this part. NORWEGISCHE RHAPSODIEN (Nor-
The character of Polhone was a favorite one wegian Rhapsodies), for orchestra, by Johan
with llubini, and that of Oroveso with La- Severiu Sveusden, op. 17, op. 19, op. 21, op.
blache. This was the composer's favorite of 22. No. 1, op. 17, in B minor, dedicated
all his operas, and Wagner called Norma "the to M. Lindcman (Andantino, Allegro, An-
most melodious " of Bellini's works. It was dante, Allegro). No. 2, op. 10, in A (Alle-
first given in London, at the King's Theatre, gro, Andantino, Lento) ; No. 3, op. 21, in
in Italian, June 20, 1833, with this cast C, dedicated to Edvard Grieg (Allegro mol-
to. Allegro moderato. Andante, Allegro,
Norma Mme Pasta.
Adalgisa Mme de Meric. Stretto) ; No. 4, op. 22, in D minor, dedi-
cated to Karl Hals (Andante, Allegro mo-
PoUione Signor Donzelli.
derato. Allegretto quasi moderato. Andante,
Oroveso Siguor V. Galli.
Allegro, Presto). Published by Warmuth
It was represented in Paris at the Ita- (Christiania, 1877-81). Ai*ranged for piano-
first
liens, in 1833 in Vienna in 1833

; in Ber- forte, four- hands.
; Neue Zeitschr. (1881), 3. —
u
NOTIIUNG
NOTHUNG ! N THUNG ! NEID- (Ouseley), i. 187, 202 Reissmann, 31 ;
;
LICHES SCHWEKT. See Siegfried. Schubiger, Die Siingerschule von St. Gallen
NOTKER (Notkerus), BALBULUS, (1858).
called St. Notker, boru in 840, died at St. NOTTE E GIORNO FATICAR. See
Don Giovanni.
NOTTEBOHM, MARTIN GUSTAV,
born at Liidenscheid, Westphalia, Nov. 12,
1817, died at Gratz, Nov. 1, 1882. While
serving in Berlin, in 1838-39, as a volunteer
soldier, he studied pianoforte and composi-
tion under Berger and Dehn. In 1840 ho
went to Leipsic, where he was the friend of
Schumann and Mendelssohn, a testimonial
from the latter as to his musical ability se-
curing his discharge from the army. Set-
tled in Vienna in 184G, he took a course of
counterpoint under Sechter, and became
active as a teacher and writer. He was one
of the most thorough investigators of Beet-
hoven's sketch-books. Works Quartet : for
pianoforte and strings Trios for do. Va-
; ;
riations on a theme by Bach for pianoforte

(4 hands) Other music for pianoforte. Lit-
;
erary works Ein Skizzenbuch von Beetlio-

:
ven (Leipsic, 18G5) Thematisches Verzeich-

;
NorKrRvy niss der im Druck erschieneuen Wcrko

von Beethoven (ib., 18G8) Beethoveniana ;
GaU, Switzerland, April G, 912. He was a (1872) Beethoven's Studien, containing

;
monk of the Monastery of St. Gall, and Beethoven's lessons from Haydn, Ûbrechts-
probably received his name (Balbulus, the berger, and Salieri (1873) ; Thematisches
Stammerer) from a physical infirmity. He Verzeichniss der im Druck erschienenen
was one of the earliest and most noted com- Werke von Franz Schubert (Vienna, 1874) ;
posers of Sequences, his celebrated Media Mozartiana (Leipsic, 1880) Ein Skizzen- ;
vita in morte sumus, a chant which owed buch von Beethoven aus dem Jahre 1803
much of its popularity to its subsequent (ib., 1881).— Mendel, Ergiinz., 314 Ric- ;
adoption by Christian warriors as their bat- mann.

tle-song, being still in use. Others also by NOUVEAU SEIGNEUR DU MLLAGE,
him (he wrote thirty-five) are used at Pen- LE (The new Lord of the Village), opera-
tecost, Easter, and Christmas. A codex comique in one act, text by Creuzr de Les-
preserved at Gall contains forty-four of ser and Favici'cs, music by Boicldieu, lu-st
St.
his chants, which influenced botli French represented at the Oprra Comicjue, Paris,
and Italian song. The portrait is a fac- Juno 29, 1813. This work, wliich is dedi-
simile of a drawing in this ]MS. Ho must cated to Martin, was very popular and kept
not be confounded with Notker the younger, the stage for tliirty years. It was given in
known as Notker Labeo or Teutonicus, also Vienna, June 24, 1814, as "Dor ncue Guts-
a monk of St. Gall, who died in 1022, re- lierr," translation by J. F. Castelli. It was
nowned as the Avriter of the first German revived in Paris in 18G7. Pubhslicd by
—
MS. on the theory of music. Naumann Simrock (Bonn, 1814).— xVllgem. mus. Zeitg.
25
; ;
NOUVELLES
xvi. 6G9
; Pougin, Boieldieu, 146 Refu- cal Harmonists and Choral Harmonists So-
;
veille,Boieldieu, sa vie et ses ceuvres (Rou- cieties in 1849 he settled permanently in ;
eu, 1851) Hcguet, Boieldieu, sa vie et ses Nice. He composed good though not very
;
ceuvres (Paris, 18G-4). original music, but was best known as an

NOinÊLLES SOIREES DE \TENNE, editor and arranger. He founded in London
valses caprices for the pianoforte after in 1811 the music publishing house of No-
Strauss, by Carl Tausig. They may be re- vello. Ewer & Co. Works : Rosalba, canta-
garded as pendants to Old May Morning, a glee The Infant's
Liszt's Soirees de Vi- ta ; ;
enne, after Schubert. Cahiers I., U., and Prayer, recitative and ah- Masses, motets, ;
III., dedicated to Franz Liszt and published and sacred music to Latin words. He ed-
by Schuberth (Leipsic and New York). Ca- ited also many collections of sacred music.
hier TV., dedicated to Franz Liszt, and V., — Grove ; Riemaun ; Mendel ; Fctis.
to the friends of the dead composer, pub- NOWxVKOWSia, JOZEF, born at
lished posthumously by Erler (Berlin) and Mniszck, near Radomsk, Poland, in 1805,
by Hermann (Leipsic). died at Warsaw in 1865. Pianist, first in-
NOVELLETTEN f iir das Pianoforte, by structed in a monastery at Wonchak, then
Schumann, op. 21, composed in 1838, and pupil at the Conservatorium in Warsaw of
dedicated to Adolph Henselt. They have Wiirfel in harmony, and of Eisner in compo-
no explain them, but Schumann
titles to sition. In 1833 ho made his first concert
calls them "long and connected romantic tour, visiting Germany, Italy, and stopping
stories." PubHshed by Brcitkopf & Hiirtel for some time in Paris. He was then consid-
(Leipsic, 1839) ib., Schumann Werke,
;
ered one of the best composers of Poland,
Serie vii., No. 21. Schumann wrote another and after his return became professor at
Novelletto in the same year, which is in- the Alexander Institute, Warsaw. In 1838
cluded in his Biinte Blatter, op. 99, No. 9. and 1841 he again visited Paris. Works :
Same title, Orchesterstiicke by Niels W. 2 symphonies for orchestra 4 overtures ;
Gade, op. 53, first performed in Leipsic, for do. 2 masses and other church music
;
Oct. 1876.— Grove, ii. 480

12, iii. 409
;
About 20 polonaises for pianoforte and
Maitland, Schumann, 59. orchestra 2 quintets for pianoforte and
;
NOVELLO, VINCENT, born in London, strings ;

Quartet for strings ; Polonaises,
Sept. 6, 1781, died at fantaisies, nocturnes, airs varies, rondeaux,
Nice, Aug. 9, 1801. etc., for pianoforte ; 12 grandes etudes for
Sou of an Italian do. ; Method for do. ; Many songs. —Fetis ;
father and an Eng- Mendel.

hsh mother, he be- NOW HEA\rEN IN FULLEST GLORY.
gan his musical ca- See Nun scheint in vollem Glanze.
reer as a choir-boy THE EVENING WÂTCH IS SET.NOW
and deiDuty organist See Oberon.
was organist of the VANISH BEFORE THE HOLY NOW
Portuguese Chapel BEA]\IS. Sec Nun schwanden vor dem
in London in 1797- heiligen Strahle.
1822 acted as pian-
; NOZZE D' ARIANA E DI BACCO, LE.
ist of the Italian Opera in 1812 was an See Ariadne.
;
original member of the Philharmonic So- NOZZE DI DORINA, LE (Dorina's Wed-

ciety,and sometimes conducted its concerts. ding), Italian opera, music by Sarti, first
In 1840-43 he was organist of the Roman represented in Venice in 1782. It was
Catholic Chapel in Moorfields was one of ; given in Paris, Sept. 14, 1789. The score,
the founders and conductors of the Classi- which is in the library of the Paris Con-
26
: "
NOZZE
servatoire, has been published in Paris contino," sung by Figaro to a guitar-like
;
also by Kicordi (Milan). An opera of this accompaniment Bartolo's song, " La ven-
;
title was written by Cocchi, London, 17G2. detta ;" Cherubino's aria, "Non so piil cosa
NOZZE DI ENEA CON LAVINIA, LE son " the trio, " Cosa sento
;
tosto audate," !
(The Wedding of J^^neas and Lavinia), Ital- sung by the Count, Basilio, and Susanna ;
ian opera by Monteverde, first represented the chorus, "Giovanni lieti," and Figaro's
in Venice in 1G41. Subject, the marriage celebrated aria, " Non piti andrai," which
of J^neas with Lavinia, daughter of Latinus, closes the first act "Porgi amor,"
; tlie aria,
King of Latium, to win whom Jilncas fought sung by the Countess Cherubino's ro- ;
against her betrothed lover Turnus and manza, "Voi, che sapete " " Venitc, ingi- ;
killed him. Other operas on the same nocchiatevi," sung by Susanna; the elab-
story, in Italian Enea e Lavinia, by Sac-
: orate finale to the second act, begun by the
chini, London, 1779 by Guglielmi, Naj)les,
; Count, " Esci omai, garzon mal nato ;
1785. Enea in Italia, by Pallavicino, Ven- "Crudel perche finora," duet between the
!
ice, 1675 by Draghi, Vienna, 1678 and

; ; Count and Countess the sextet, " Riconosci
;
Perez, Lisbon, 1759. Enea nel Lazio, by in qucsto amplesso " the Countess's aria,
;
Jommelli, Stuttgart, 1755 by Gardi, Mod-

; ''Dove sono," and the "Zephyr Duet,"
ena, 1786 and Righini, Berlin, 1793. Tur-
;
" Canzonetta sul' aria Che soave zeffiretto,"
:
no Aricino, by M. A. Bononcini, about 1710 ; sung by the Countess and Susanna Basilio's ;
by Alessandro Scarlatti, Rome, 1720 and ; aria, " In quegli anni "Figaro's song, " Ecco
;
Vinci, Najiles, 1724. In French, £nee et la marcia;" and Susanna's song, "Deli,
Lavinie, text by Fontenelle, music by Co- vieni, non tardar." Original cast
lasse, Paris, 1690.
Figaro (B.) Signor Bcnucci.
NOZZE DI FIGARO, LE (The Marriage
Count (B.) Signor Maudini.
of Figaro), Italian opera buifa in four acts,
Countess (S.) Signora Laschi.
text by Lorenzo da Ponte, music by Mo-
Susanna (S.) Signora Storace.
zart, first rejiresented at the Burgtheater,
Cherubiuo (S.) Signora Bussani.
Vienna, May 1, 1786. The libretto is taken
Marcellina (S.) Signora Mandini.
from Beaumarchais' comedy, " Le mariage
Basdio Krps
de Figaro," first played in Paris, April 27, Mr. Michael Kelly.
1784. The music was composed in AjDril,
Don Curzio ^ K ^
Bartolo ) ^
1786, and was finished on the 28th of that gj ° J^n^^:,rn.
Antonio)^ ''
month. Mozart wi'ote the finale to the sec-

Barberina (S.) Signora Nanina Gottlieb.
ond act in two nights and a day without in-
termission. The scene is in Spain, Count Mozart conducted. After nine representa-
Almaviva, who has won his wife through the tions in Vienna, this opera was laid aside
aid of Figaro, the barber of Seville, falls in through the influence of Mozart's rivals.
love with her maid, Susanna, be- In the following year it was received in
who is
trothed to Figaro. They make him jealous Prague with great enthusiasm, and, owing to
of the attentions paid to the Countess by its wealth of melody, charm anil grace of
the page, Chcrubino, and Figaro becomes style, perfection of concerted music, and re-
flection of Mozart's gonial nature, it has
jealous of the Count's affection for Susanna.
After conspiracies, disguises, meetings at kept the stage uninterruptedly. It was first
cross-purposes, and playful surprises, the given in Paris at the Acadi'mie Royalo do
characters reveal themselves, the Count and Musiquc, translation by Notaris, March 20,
Countess are reconciled, and Figaro and 1793, without success and at the Th»'atro ;
Susanna are married. Among the princi- If alien in 1838, with Lablaclio as Figaro,
pal numbers are " Se vuol ballare, Siguor Taniburiui as the count, Mnic iVrsiaui as the
:
KOZZE
countess ; Mme Giulia Grisi as Susanna; Mme Pasta, Mme Vestris, Pauline Lucca,
and Mme Albertazzi as Cherubiuo. was and Christine Nilsson. Full score pubHshed
It
represented at the Theatre Lyrique, adapt- by Simrock (Bonn, 1821) by J. Frey ;
ed by Barbier and Carre, May 8, 1858, when (Paris, 1823) and by Breitkopf & Hartel,
;
Mme Carvalho achieved great success as Mozart "Werke, Serie v., No. 17.— KOchel,
Cherubino. Figaro was first represent- No. 492 Jahn, Mozart, iv. 191-275 Nohl,
; ;
ed in Berlin, May 22, 1803 in Leipsic in Mozart (Lady Wallace), ii. 133
;
Oulibi- ;
ISOS ; in :\Iunich in 1813 in Dresden

;
in chcff, Mozart, iii. 28 do., Mozart Opern, ;
181G and in Strasburg in 1823, adapted 309 Holmes, Mozart, 279 Nissen, Mozart,
; ; ;
ii. 80Gehring, Mozart, 108 Kelly, Rem-

; ;
iniscences (London, 182G), 188 Pohl, Mo- ;
zart and Haydn in London, i. 147 Berliner ;
mus. Zeitg. (1793), 77, 138 Allgem. mus. ;
Zeitg., iii. 270 xlii. 589

594 ; v. 572 ; xxiv. ; ;
Revue des deux Mondes, 844 Revue xvii. ;
et Gaz. mus. de Paris (1858), 161, 294 ;
Neue Zeitschr., xli. 113 Grove, ii. 390 ; ;
Clement et Larousse, 485 Hogarth, ii. ;
238-24G Upton, Standard Operas, 109.

;
NOZZE DI TETI E DI PELEO, LE

(The Wedding of Thetis and Peleus), Ital-
ian opera in three acts, text by Orazio Per-
siani, music by Francesco Cavalli, first
represented at the Teatro San Cassiano,

Venice, in 1639. It was given at Versailles,
Jan. 26, 1654, after which a ballet of the
Angelica Catalani.
same title, of ten entrees, by Beuserade was
for the stage by Castil-Blazc. The opera danced by Louis XIV. and the ladies of
—
was first given in London, King's Theatre, his court. Schletterer, Studien zur Ge-
June 18, 1812, with Mme Catalani as Susan- schichte der franzijsischen Musik, ii. 189 ;
na, a character in which she excelled, though Ambros, Geschichte der Musik, iv. 372.
she did not like Mozart's music. It was NUCEUS, AL.VRD, bom at Lille about
again given, Feb. 1, 1817, with Xaldi as Fi- the end of the 15th century. Church com-
garo, Ambrogetti as the count, Fodor as the poser, and maitre de chapelle to Archduke
countess, Camporese as Susanna, and Pasta Mathias of Austria. His name seems to be
as Cherubino. It was first given in New simply a translation of the French Noyer or
York in English, May 3, 1823, with Bishop's Du Noyer. Works Quatuor Misstc quin- :
arrangement (Loudon, 1819), and it was que, sex et octo vocum (Antwerp, 1539).
first sung in Italian, Nov. 23, 1858, with —
Fetis Mendel. ;
Carl Formes as Figaro, Piccolomini as Su- NUCIUS, FRIEDRICH JOHANN, born

sanna, and Mme von Berkel as Cherubino. at GOrlitz, Silesia, in 1556, died (?). Church
Miss Paton made her first aj^pearance on composer, pupil of Johann Winkler at Mitt-
the operatic stage as Susanna at the Hay- weida, Saxony. He was at first a monk at
market, London, Aug. 3, 1822, and Mme Rauden, Silesia, then abbot at Himmelwitz.
Caradori-Allan made hers at the King's Works IModulationes sacraj modis musicis
:
Theatre, Jan. 12, 1822, as Cherubino, one of (Prague, 1591) Cantionum sacrarum (Lieg- ;
Mozart's most charming characters, which nitz, 1609) Hymns. Fetis Hoffmann,
;
— ;
lias been played with great success also by Lexikon schlesischer TonkUnstler Mendel. ;
28
:nuit
NUIT A LISBONNE, UNE (A Night in Berlin, and published by Richault (Pai-is,

by Saint- 1811). I. Villauelle, for mezzo-soprano, or
Lisbon), barcarolle, for orchestra,,
Saens, op. 63, dedicated to Sa Majeste Dom tenor II. Le spectre de la rose, for con- ;
Luiz, Roi de Portugal. Published by Du- tralto; in. Sur les lagunes, for baritone,
rand, Schoenewerk & Cie (Paris). Tran- contralto, or mezzo-soprano IV. Absence, ;
scription for the pianoforte for four hands, for mezzo-soprano or tenor ; V. Au cimc-
by the composer. tiere, for tenor ; VI. L'ile inconnue, for
NUIT DE CLEOPATRE, UNE (A Night mezzo-soprano or tenor. No. IV. was or-
of Cleopatra), opera-comique, text by Jules chestrated in 1813 the others, about 1850. ;
Barbier, music by Victor Masse, first given They were translated into German by P.
at the Opera Comique, Paris, April 25, 1885. Cornelius, and rededicated respectively to
The libretto is founded on a romance by Mile Wolff, Mle Falconi, M. ^lildc, :\rile
Gautier. A by the Nottcs, M. Caspari, and Mile Milde. Pub-
great success ; called
critics the composer's masterpiece. lished by Rieter-Biedermann (Leipsic and
NUIT DE WALPURGIS, LA (Walpurgis Winterthur, 1856) and by Hofmeister (Leip-
Night), symphonic poem for orchestra, by sic). Liszt also wrote Nuits d'ete Pausi- ii
Charles Marie Widor, first performed at the lijipe, trois amusements sur des motifs do
Chatelet, Paris, Feb. 8, 1880. It is a de- I'Album de Donizetti (Ricordi, IMilan, 1830 ;
scriptive poem in three divisions : Overture, and Schott, Mainz, 1839). — Neue Zeitschr.,
Andante, and Devil's Dance. Musical Re- — xlvii. 77.
view (New York, 1880), i. 296. NUN BEUT DIE FLUR, soprano aria of
NUIT D'lVRESSE. See Africaine. Gabriel, in B-flat major, in Haydn's Die
NUITS BLANCHES (Restless Nights), Schijpfung, Part I., No. 8.
eighteen morceaux lyriques for the piano- NUN DANKET ALLE GOTT, choral by
forte, by Stephen Heller, op. 82. I. Vivace Joliann Criiger. one of Criiger's best
It is
(in C) II. Impetuoso (in A minor)

; HI. ; known works. Published in the "Praxis
Lento con tenerezza (in G) IV. Molto ; pietatis melica," for four voices and two in-
animate (in E minor) V. Andante quasi ; struments (Leipsic, 1019 30th ed., Berlin, ;
allegretto (in D) VI. Allegro deciso (in

; 1703). It was used by Mendelssohn in No.
B minor) VII. Piti lento (in A) VHI. Al-
; ; 8 of his Lobfjcsang, op. 52 (1810).
legro appassionato (in F-sharp minor) ; IX. NUN LIEBES WEIBCHEN, ZIEHST
Allegretto con E) X. Allegro ]\nT MIR, duet for soprano and bass with
grazia (in ;
caratteristico (in C-sharp minor) XL An- orchestra, in F, composed by IMozart about

;
dante con moto (in G-fiat) XH. Molto 1790. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mozart AVcrkc,
;
agitato (in B-flat minor) XHI. Allegretto Serio vi.. No. 47. Kuchel, Verzeichniss,
; —
grazioso (in D-flat) XIV. Piii moderate c No. 625.
;
plintivo (in F minor) XV. Andante pla-

; NUN LIEGET ALLES UNTER Dm,
cido (in F) XVI. Allegi-o
; risoluto (in D choral in D major, for four-part chorus,
minor) XVH. Allegretto pastorale (in B- with accompaniment of two flutes, two
;
flat) ; Allegro non troppo (in G oboes, strings complete, and continue, in
XVHI.
minor). Published by Litolff (Brunswick, Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata (Orato-
1877). —
Barbedetto (Brown - Borthwick), rium) Lobet Gott in scinen Rcichcu. The
Heller, 70. melody is Ermunt'ro dich, raein schwachcr
NUITS D'ETfi, LES (Summer Nights), Geist, written by Johann Schopp (1611).
six songs for one voice Avith pianoforte NUN OF NIDAKOS, THi:, song for
accompaniment, from Theophilo Gautier, tenor solo, male chorus, and ordicstra, with
music by Berlioz, op. 7. They were com- pianoforte obligato accompaniment, and
posed in 183J:, dedicated to IMllo Louise reed organ ad libitum, music by Dudley
: ; ' ;
NUN
Buck, op. 83, written in 1878, and dcdi- gem, mus. Zeitg., xxiv. 402 ; Berliner mus.
cated to W. B. Leonard. Published by G. Zeitg., V. 471, 477 Ciicilia, ; vii. 135 ; Jahn,
Schirmer (New York, 1879). Weber Verzeichniss, 409.
NUN SCHEINT IN VOLLEM GLANZE,
D
bass aria of Raphael, in major, in Hay-
dn's Die Schd-pfung, Part II, No. 22. AKELEY, Sir HERBERT STANLEY,
NUN SCHWANDEN VOll DE:\I HEILI- born at Ealing, INIiddlesex, England,
GEN, tenor aria of Uriel, and chorus, in A July 22, 1830, still living, 1890. He
major, in Haydn's Die Schopfimg, Part I., was educated at
No. 2. Rugby and Ox-
NL^" SEI GEDANKT, MEIN LIEBER ford (B.A., 1853;
SCHWAN. See Lohengrin. M.A., 1850) pu- ;
NUOVE IHUSICHE, LE, a collection of pil of Dr. Stephen
madrigals and canzone for one voice, by Elvey in harmony,

Giulio Caccini. The first edition was pub- in Leipsic of Mo-
lished by Marcscotti (Florence, 1001-2) ;
scheles and Plaidy
the second by Alessandro Raverii (Venice, on the pianoforte,
1G07) the third (ib., 1615).— Fetis, ii. 141
;
in Bonn of Brei-
Anil)ros, iv. 173. denstein, and in
NUR]\LVHAL, oder das Rosenfest von Dresden of Dr. Johann Schneider, on the
Caschmrr, German opera in two acts, text organ. After residing in London as a mu-
by Herklots, from Moore's " Lalla Rookh," sical critic he became professor of music
music by Spontini, first represented in Ber- in Edinburgh University in 1805 received ;
lin, May 27, 1822, in honour of the betroth- the degree of Mus. Doc, Cambridge, 1871
al of the Princess Alexandrina of Prussia Oxford, 1879 knighted in 1870 in recog-

;
to the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwer- nition of his musical services, and in 1881
in. Original cast made composer to Her Majesty in Scot-
land LL.D., Aberdeen, 1881 D.C.L., To-
Nurmahal Mme Seidler. ronto, 1880 Mus. Doc, Dublin, 1887 hon-
; ;
Zelia Mme Schulz. ; ;
orary member of Accademia Filarmonica,

Namouna Mme Milder.
Bologna, 1888. Works Edinburgh Festal :
Sultan Dschehangir HeiT Bader.

March, for orchestra, Liveiiôol Musical
Bahar Herr Devrient.
Festival, op. 22, 1874 Funeral March, for ;
Atar Herr Blumc.
do., op. 23 Minuet in old style, do., Ches-
;
Genie Mile Eunike.
ter Festival, 1885 Anthems 4 quartets, ; ;
The work was dedicated to the Emperor op. 7 3 do., op. 10 Opart-songs for men's
; ;
and published by Schlesinger (Berlin, 1828). voices, op. 17 4 choral songs for do. Stu-
; ;
Spontini had previously written music for dent's song. Alma Mater, for do. National ;
an arrangement of "Lalla Rookh," repre- Scottish Melodies, arranged for do., op. 18 ;
sented at the Royal Palace, Jan. 27, 1821, to 3 duets, op. 8 English, Fi'ench, and Ger-
;
entertain the Grand Duke Nicholas of Rus- man Bongs Pianoforte music.
; Grove — ;
sia, during his visit to the German court. Men of the Time (1884), 840.
"Weber wrote music to Nurmahal's song, OAKEY, GEORGE, born in London,

" From Chindara's warbling fount I come," Oct. 14, 1841, still living, 1890. Vocal com-
from "Lalla Rookli," for soprano with pi- poser, pupil of Hullah and INIacfaiTcn won ;
anoforte accompaniment his last compo- first prizes in Society of Arts Examinations
;
sition, it was left incomplete, and finished in ]809 and 1873. He became examiner in
—
by Moscheles. Grove, iii. G73, 075 All- harmony and composition to Tonic Sol-fa
;
;
OBERIIOFFER
College iu 1877, lecturer on harmony in he will not bo reconciled to her until lie
1877, and on counterjjoint in 1878 pro- shall find two lovers who
; will keep thtii-
fessor of harmony and troth inviolate. Puck, wishing to reunite
counterpoint in City them, sets to work. He discovers in
of Loudon College France the chevalier Huon de Bordeaux,
in 1883. Mus. Bac, who has killed the son of Charlemagne in a
Cambridge, 18 7 7. combat, and ordered to Bagdad. Puck
is
Works Blessed be
: brings him with his squii-e, Sherasmiu,
the Lord God, and asleep to Oberon, who shows him a vision
other anthems; of Rezia, daughter of the Cahph. Sir
Hymns and chants Huon
falls in love with her, and on waking
Stars of the Summer Oberon promises that he may possess her,
Night, and other part- and gives him a magic horn that will sum-
songs Songs and glees. He has published, mon him at Huon's need. He gives to
;
also: Exercises iu Harmony (Loudon, 1877); Sherasniin a golden cup that tests charac-
Text-Book of Counterpoint (ib., 1878) Do. ter by filling with wine, or flame, to the one
;
of Harmony (ib., 1884). who holds it to his lips. Huon is trans-

01 A TE BADA. See Imcrezia Borgia. ported to Bagdad, where he learns that
OBBLIGATO, AH! SI OBBLIGATO. Rezia is to be mai-ried on the moiTow.
See Eliaire d' Amore. Rezia, who also has seen Sir Huon in a
O BEAU PAYS DE LA TOURAINE. vision, declares to her attendant, Fatinia,
See Huguenots. that she will die by her own hand if Sii-
OBEEHOFFER, HEINRICH, born at Huon does not como to her rescue. He
Pfalzel, near Treves, Rhenish Prussia, Dec. appears, and, with the aid of the magic
9, 1824, stiU living, 1890. Church compos- horn, carries her away, and they embark
er, first instructed by his father, an organ- with Fatima and Slierasmin. A storm is
ist, then pupil of W. Hermann at Treves ;

raised by Oberon, and they are shipwrecked
became instructor of music at the teach- on a desert island. Rezia is captured by
ers' seminary at Luxemburg in 185G, and and sold to the Emir of Tunis, who
pirates,
professor in 18G1. He has done much for becomes enamoured of her. Fatima aud
the elevation of church music, and in 18G2 Sherasmiu are made slaves. Sir Huon,
founded the periodical " Ciicilia," with that conveyed to Tunis by Oberon, enters the
object in view. In the same year he was harem to find Rezia. He undergoes trials
elected a member of the Accademia di Santa from the emir's wife, aud, resisting her,
Rome. Works Sacred four-part she accuses him to her husband, who or-
Cecilia in :
songs Choruses for male voices Songs ders Sir Huon and Rezia to bo bui-ned on
; ; ;
Organ music. Mendel. — the same pile. Sherasmiu blows upon the
OBERON, or the Elf - King's Oath, ro- fairy horn, and Oberon appears with Ti-
mantic English opera in three acts, text tania, saves the lovers, aud bears thorn to
by James R. Planche, music by Carl Maria the court of Charlemagne, where Huon is
von Weber, first represented at Covent pardoned. The chief numbers are The :
Garden, London, April 12, 1820. It was openiug chorus, " Light as fairy feet can
written in 1825-2G, and is the composer's fall," sung by fairies and genii Oboron's ;
last dramatic work. The libretto is taken solo, "Fatal oath;" Rozia's song, "Oh!
from Villeneuve's romance, '"Huon dc why art thou sleeping ? " leading to tho en-
Bordeaux," and from Sotheby's translation semble, " Honour and joy to the true and
of Wieland's poem, " Oberon." Obcron, tho brave;" "Oh! 'tis a glorious Hight,"
having quarrelled with Titania, vows that sung by Huon and tho tiualo to Act I., ;
81
: ;;
OBEEON
"Yes, my lord," begun by Rezia, extend- Oberon (T.) Mr. Bland.
iug into a duet with Fatima, and closing Huon (T.) :VIr. Braham.
with the chorus, " Now the evening watch Sherasmin (Bar.) Mr. Fawcett.
"
the chorus, " Glory to the Caliph Rezia Miss Paton.
;
is set " ; (S.)
"
Fatima's ai'ietta, " A lovely Arab maid ; Fatima (M.-S.) Mme Vestris.
"
the quartet, " Over the dark blue waters ;
Puck (C.) Miss Cawse.
Huon's prayer, "Ruler of this awful Mermaid (S.) Miss Gown ell.
hour;" Rezia's grand aria, "Ocean, thou
mighty monster," which is often svmg at The opera was translated into German by
Theodor Hell, and given in Leipsic in De-
cember, 182G in Vienna, March 20, 1827 ; ;
and in Berlin, July 2, 1828. It was first

represented in Paris in German, in 1830,
without success, and again at the Theatre
Lyrique, translation by Nuitter, Beaumont,
and Chazot, with success, Feb. 27, 1857.
It was first sung in New York, Oct. 9, 1829.
It was first given in Italian at Her Majes-
ty's, London, July 3, 18G0, with recitatives
by Sir Julius Benedict, and this version was

given in Philadelphia, March 9, 1870. Obe-
ron was revived in London, December 7,
1878. The last German edition by Franz
Gx'andaur, with recitatives by Franz Wiill-
ner, was given in Leipsic, Sept. 30, 1883.
The original autograph, in the Royal Li-
brary in St. Petersburg, was presented in
1855 by Max von Weber to Alexander H.

Rezia is a favourite role of Mme Pappen-
heim. Published by Welsh & Hawes (Lon-
don, 1826) by Schlesinger (Berlin, 1827) ;
by Simrock (Bonn and Berlin) by Litolff ;
Eugenia Pappenheim. (Brunswick) by Lose (Copenhagen) by ; ;
Hirsch (Stockholm) by Brandus & Du- ;
concerts the mermaids' song, " Oh

; 'tis four, by Choudens, and by Richault (Paris)
!
pleasant " Fatima's song, " Oh

; Araby, and by Novello & Co. and Cramer & Co.
!
dear Araby " the duet, " On the bauks of (London). Jahns, Verzeichniss, 383 Web-
; — ;
the sweet Garonne," between Fatima and er, Weber, ii., 58G, GG7, G80 Palgrave, ;
Sherasmin Rezia's cavatina, " Mourn thou, Weber, ii., 377, 455 Benedict, Weber, 120
; ;
;
;
poor heart " Sir Huon's rondo, " I revel Harmonicon (182G), 107, 141; Edward's
ill hope ;" and his aria, "Yes! even love to Hist. Opera, ii. 299 Hanslick, Moderne ;
fame must yield," which was composed Oper, 75 Berlioz, A travers chants, 234 ;
;
especially for Braham, at his request. The Berliner mus. Zeitg., iv. 19 v. 45G, 4G3, ;
opera is a combination of chivalry, Orient- 473, 481 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxviii. 43G,
;
alism, and delicate fancy, blended with art 530 xxix. 109, 245, 2G5 Cacilia, vii. 174
; ; ;
and grace. The melody, colour, and rich- Clement et Larousse, 488 ; Revue et Gaz.
ness of the orchestration were greatly ad- mus, de Paris (1857), G6, 77 ; Echo, i. 209 ;
mired by Berlioz. Original cast Grove, iv. 420 Quarterly ;

Mus. Review
32
—
OBEKTHUR
(London), viii. Signale (1883), 8G5 (188G) Many dramatic scenes for the Lyceum Thea-
;
;
1153 Athenseum (1878), ii. 771 Upton, tre, Barcelona

; Mass Psalms 3 Salve; ; ; ;
Standard Operas, 333, Regina Motets 3 concert overtures Sere- ; ; ;
OBERTHUR, KARL, born in Munich, nade Concerto for English horn Album ; ;
March 4, 1819, still liv- rehgieux ; 2 vocal albums, etc. Fetis, Sup- —
ing, 1890. Virtuoso on plement, ii. 282 ;Mendel, Erganz., 310.
the harp, pupil of Elise OBRECHT. See Ilubrecht.
Brauchle and G. V. OCA DEL C.URO, L' (The Goose of
Ruder ; was attached to Cairo), Italian opera butfa in two acts, text
the theatre of Zurich in by Varesco, music by Mozart, written in
1837-39, then engaged Salzburg in July, 1783. Only the first act
in Wiesbaden, lived in was finished, for Mozart was dissatisfied with
Mannheim in 1842-44, the libretto. The autograph and sketches
and went to England in are in the possession of Jules .Indre, Frank-
1844, where he held a brief engagement at fort. The scene is in Ripasecca.Charac-
the Italian Oiêra in London, and then de- ters represented : Don Pippo, Marquis of
voted himself to teaching, composition, and Ripasecca (B.) ; Donna Pantea, his wife (S.) ;
playing in concerts in England and abroad. Celidora, their daughter (S.) ; Biondello, a
Works: Floris von Namur, opera, Wies- wealthy citizen of Ripasecca (T.) ; Calan-
baden, about 1840 Der Berggeist des Har- ; driuo, nephew of Donna Pantea (T.) Lavina, ;
zes, do., about 1850 The Pilgrim Queen, ; companion of Celidora (S.) Chichibos, stew- ;
cantata for treble voices The Red Cross ; ard in Don Pippo's house (B.) and Auuetta, ;
Knight, do. for female voices Lady Jane ; Donna Pan tea's maid (S.). The opera was
Grey, cantata Overtures to Macbeth and
; first jjublished by Andre. The sketches
to Riibezahl Philip de Neri, mass with
; St. were finished by Charles Constantiu, who
harp ; Concertino for harp and orchestra ;
added numbers from Mozart's Lo sposo
Loreley, a legend, for do. Quartet for 4 ;
deluso and Zaide, translated into French by
harps ; Nocturne for 3 harps Trios for harj), ; Victor Wilder, and first represented at the
violin, and violoncello ; Many solo pieces for Theatre des Fautaisies Parisieuues, Paris,
harp Pianoforte music, and songs. Fetis,
; — June 6, 18G7 in Vienna, in 1868 and at
; ;
Supplement, ii. 282 Mendel. ; Drury Lane, London, in Italian, INIay 12,
OBIOLS, MARUNO, born at Barcelona, 1870. Published by Andre (OllVn'bach,
Nov. 26, 1809, died there, Dec. 10, 1888. 1855); by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mozai-t
Violinist, pupil of one Juan Vilanova, and Werke, Serie v.. No. 37 (Supplement).
in harmony of Arbos and Saldoni, and in Kuche], Verzeichniss, No. 422 ; Andre, Ver-
composition of Ramon Vilanova went to ; zeichniss. No. 47 ; Jahn, Mozart, iv. 1(!3 ;
Italy in 1831, and studied under Mercadante, Clement et Larousse, 489 Athemcum (1870), ;
with whom he travelled through Italy, i. 685 ; Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 49 ; Neue
France, and Germany. In 1837 he returned Zeitsclu'., liii. 80.
to Spain and soon after was made director OCCASIONAL ORATORIO, in three
of the newly created musical Lyceum at parts, by Handel, first performed at Coveut
Barcelona, where he organized and con- Garden, London, Feb. 14, 19, and 26, 1746.
ducted regular concerts, and finally became It is supposed that this work was written to
director general of music, and orchestra con- be performed at three free concerts which
ductor of the grand theatre of the Lyceum. Handel gave to pay his debt to his former
Works Odio ed amore, opera, given at
: subscribers, who had lost eight concerts in
INIilan, Scala, 1837; Edittadi Belcourt, do., the season of 1744-45. Another tlieory is
Barcelona, 1874 II regio Imeneo, cantata ; ;
that it was composed to celebrate tbo first
S3
OCCIDENT
victories over Cliarles Stuart in Scotland. 9, 1860 ; by the Musical Art Union, Lon-
The only date on the autograph score, in May 31, 1861 in Vienna in 1863, and
don, ;
Buckingham Palace, heads the overture, one by the New York Philharmonic in 1871.
of Handel's best, Anno 1745 (or 1746). This, Rubinstein's second symphony and
The conducting score is inscribed mth the greatest orchestral work, is full of rich
names of the soprano Gambarini and the melody and solemn grandeur. It is dedi-
tenor Beard. The first two parts are orig- cated to Franz Liszt. I. Allegro maestoso ;
inal compositions, the words of which are n. Adagio non tanto HI. Scherzo IV. ; ;
from Milton's " Psalms." The soprano air, Finale Allegro con fuoco. Subsequently
:
" Oh, liberty, thou choicest treasure," in B- Rubinstein composed two new movements,
flat, was subsequently transposed to A for an Adagio and Scherzo and the entire ;
Judas MaccabfBUS, where it appears as symphony was given at the Crystal Pal-
"Come, ever-smiling liberty." Part II. ace, London, April 12, 1877 by the New ;
closes with a fine Hallelujah chorus. Part Philharmonic, April 28, 1877 by the Phil- ;
HI. opens with a siufonia put together from harmonic, June 11, 1879 at the Chate- ;
two movements of the first and sixth of the let, 1877 and in Berlin in
Paris, Feb. 4, ;
twelve Concerti grossi. It contains several 1884. A new

movement, " The Storm,"
numbers from Israel in Egypt, including the Lento assai, con moto moderate, was given
choruses, " I will sing unto the Lord " and at the Crystal Palace, London, May 13,
" He gave them hailstones for rain," and 1882. Pubhshed by Senff (Leipsic, 1857 ;
the tenor aria, " The enemy said, I will pur- —

new ed., 1876). Concertwesen in Wien, ii.
sue ;
" and many new pieces which refer to 291 Athenfeum (1877), i. 554 (1879), i.
; ;
The words
the miUtary events of the time. Upton, Standard Symphonies, 220 Signale ;
of these were probably written by Dr. (1858), 193 ; (1876), 353 La Mara, 3Ius.
;
Thomas Morell, The strophe, " War shall Studienkopf, iii. 204 ; Neue Zeitschr., liii.
cease," in the air, " Prophetic visions," is 11, 18.
identical with Dr. Arne's "Rule Britannia," OCEAN, THOU liHGHTY IMONSTER.
from which Handel took his subject. The See Oberon.
oratorio closes with " God save the King," O CIELI AZZURRI. See Aida.
from the Coronation Anthem. It was per- OCKENHEDL See Okeghem.
formed only three times. First published OCON Y RWAS, EDUARDO, born at
by Walsh (London) edition by Chrysander Malaga, Jan. 12, 1834, still living, 1890.
;
for the Hiindelgesellschaft, Breitkopf & Organist and pianist, studied music at the
Hartel (Leipsic, 1885). —
Schcelcher, Handel, cathedral of his native city, where he was a
295 Rockstro, Handel, 283.
; choir-boy, and in 1853 was made assistant
OCCIDENT ET ORIENT (West and organist. In 1858 he went to Paris, where
East), march for military band and orches- Gounod is said to have advised him, and
tra, in C, by Saint-Saens, op. 25, first per- remained in France several years. Woi-ks :
formed at the distribution of prizes at the Masses, motets, psalms, litanies, hymns,
Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1878. Dedi- etc. Spanish, Italian, and French melo-
;
cated to M. Th. Biais, and i:)ublished by dies Pianoforte music. He published also
;
Durand, Schcenewerk & Cie (Paris, 1879). a collection entitled Cantes espanoles, co- :
AiTanged for the pianoforte for four hands leccion de aires nacionales populares, etc.
y
by the composer. (Malaga, 1874).— Fotis, Supplement, ii. 283 ;
OCEAN SYMPHONY, in C, for orches- Mendel, Ergiiuz., 318.

tra, by Anton Rubinstein, oj). 42, first per- DASS ICH DOCH. See Zauber-
formed in Kunigsberg in 1857. It was fate.
given in Leipsic, at the Gewandhaus, Feb. ODE SAINTE-C^CILE (Ode to St. A
34
;
O DEATH
Cecilia), for solo, chorus, and orchestra, by ODIN'S IMEERESRITT (Odin's Ride
Saint- Saens. over the Sea), cantata for baritone solo,
O DEATH, WHERE IS THY STING, male chorus, and orchestra, on a poem of
duet for alto and tenor, in E-flat major, the same title, music by Friedrich Gcrns-
with accompaniment of continuo, in Han- heim, op. 48, first given in New York by
del's Messiah, Part HI, No. 48 it leads ; the Ai-ion Society, Dec. 14, 1884. It is
immediately to the chorus, " But thanks be dedicated to the Grossherzog Ludwig von
to God." Hessen und bei Rheiu. Published by Ries
ODE FOR SAINT CECILIA'S DAY, & Erler (Berlin).
mvisic to Dryden's, for solo, chorus, and or- ODI TU. See BaUo in Maschera.
chestra, by Handel, fii'st performed at Lin- O DOLCEZZE PERDUTE. See Ballo in
coln's Inn Fields, London, on Saint Cecilia's Maschera.
Day, Nov. 22, 1739. The programme in- 0, DU MEIN HOLDER ABEND-
cluded Alexander's Feast, two new con- STERN. See Tannhduser.
certos for several instruments and one for ODYSSEUS, cantata in two parts, for
the organ. The avitograph, in Buckingham soli, chorus, and orchestra, text by William
Palace, is the first one dated with astrologi- Paul Graff, from the Odyssey, nuisic by
cal signs, a custom which Handel contin- Max Bruch, op. 41, first performed in
ued the rest of his life. The work was Bremen in June, 1872. Characters repre-
written between Sept. 15 and Sept. 21, Odysseus (Bar.)
sented Penelope (C.)
: ;
;
1739. It is the shortest of Handel's vocal Alcinoos, King of the Pheaces (B.) Arete, ;
compositions, but contains several fine cho- his consort (C.) Nausicaa, their daughter ;
ruses. It was given six times during the (S.) Pallas Athene (S.) Leucothea (S.)
; ; ;
season. Mozart wrote additional accom- the Helmsman (B.) Hermes (T.) Spirit of ; ;
jianiments in 1789. It was first performed Tiresias (B.) Spirit of Anticlea, mother of ;
by the Handel and Haydn Society, Boston, Odysseus (C.) Chorus of Companions of ;
Nov. 28, 18G3. Published by Walsh (Lon- Odysseus, Spirits of the Departed, Sirens,
don, 1739) and by Simrock (Berlin, 18G0-
;
Tritons, Sea-Nymphs, Pheaces, Rhapsodes,
67). Chrysander's edition for the Hiindel- Boatmen and People of Ithaca. Published
gesellschaft, Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, by Simrock (Berlin, 1871). Mus. Wochen- —
18G5). This ode had previously been set blatt (1873), 703, 726; Upton, Standard
to music by Giovanni Baptista Draghi in Cantatas, 95.
1687. Same title, ode by Christopher Fish- O^DIPE A COLONE, tragedie-opOra, in
burn, music by Purcell, 1G83 ode by ;

three by Guillard, after Ducis'a
acts, text
Thomas d'Urfey, music by Dr. Blow, 1G91 tragedy, music by Sacchini, first repre-
ode by Joseph Addison, music by Purcell, sented at the Acadc'mie Royale de ]\riisique,
1G99 ode by Pope (1708), music by Will-

;
Paris, Feb. 1, 1787. Tliis is Sacchini's mas-
iam Walond, 1757 ;ode by Christopher terpiece. The choruses are the most strik-
Smart, music by William Russell, 1800 ;

ing features of the work, and the recitatives
vigorous and sustained. It is dedi-
and a cantata, text by Chorley, music by are
Julius Benedict, first performed at the Nor- cated to Marie Antoinette. Disappointment
wich (England) Festival, in 18GG, Sacred caused by the Queen's failure to keep her
Harmonic Society, London, 18G7. Chry- — promise to have this opera performed at
sander, Handel, ii. 430 Rockstro, Handel,
;
Fontaineblcau was iho occasion of the com-
(l^^dipe was given continu-
poser's death,
211 ; Hawkins, v. 328 Upton, Standard
;
Cantatas, 57, 177; Harmonicon (1831), 289. Academio from 1787 till 1830,
ally at the
O DIEU PUISSANT, DIEU TUTl':- receiving tivo hundred and eighty-three rep-
LAIRE. See Muette de I'ortici. resentations. It was revived in July, 1843,
86
;
OEDIPUS
and given six times, and once again in May, (EDIPUS TYKANNUS, incidental mu-
1844:. Original cast, Paris, 1787 : sic to the tragedy of Sophocles, by John
K. Paine, first iêrformed under the compo-
Antigone (S.) Mme Cheron.
ser's direction, at the first representation of
Polinice (T.) M. Laine.
Sanders Theatre, that play in Greek, at
(Edipe (T.) M. Cheron.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., May
Thesee (B.) M. Chardiny.
17, 1881. This is the most scholarly work
In later years Mme Dabadie and Mme written by an American composer. The
Dorus-Gras appeared as Antigone M. prelude has been frequently played
; at con-
Adolplie Nourrit and M. Massol, as Polinice certs. The music consists of an orchestral
and ]M.Dabadie and Levasseur, as Thesee. choruses, six odes, and a
introduction,
Pianoforte arrangement published by Music to this play has been
postlude.
Troupenas (Paris) in German, translation
;
written also by Charles Villiers Stanford,
l)y Herklots, edition by Carl Klage (Berlin, for a performance at Cambridge, England,
1818). Same title Italian opera, text by Nov. 22-26, 1887.— Upton, Standard Can-
Lalli, music by Pietro Torri, was given in tatas, 281.
Munich in 1729. — Ck'raent et Larousse, O ELSA NUE EIN JAHR AN DEINER

!
491 ; Grove, iii. 208 ; Fetis, vii. 362 ; La- SEITE. See Lohengrin.
jarte, i. 354 ; Berliner mus. Zeitg., ii. 45 ;
OELSCHLEGEL, JO H ANN LOHE-
Hogarth, ii. 148. LIUS, born at Loschau, near Dux, Bohemia,
OEDIPUS IX KOLONOS, music to Soph- Dec. 31, 1724, died at Prague, Feb. 22,
ocles's tragedy, by Mendelssohn, op. 93, first 1788. Organist and chui-ch composer en- ;
performed at Potsdam, Nov. 1, 1845. Frl. tered the order of Premonstrants at Prague
Stich sang the part of Antigone, and Frau in 1747, and was ordained a priest in 1755.
Luhmann, Herr Hendrichs, Herr Stawinsk}-, He then studied harmony and composition
Herr Bethge, and Herr Franz the other under Sehling and Habermann, and for many
parts. It was written at the command of years had charge of the music in his mon-
the King of Prussia, who ordered Mendels- astery, which he enriched with one of the
sohn to conipose music to Antigone and to best organs in Bohemia, after devoting
(Edipus Tyrannus. On March 12, 1845, years of study to the principles of organ
Mendelssohn announced that the music to building. Works Innocentia et pietas bo- :
Oedipus at Kolonus was ready for perform- nam causam, etc., oratorio, Strahow, 1760
ance and the sketch of Oedipus Tyran- 5 other oratorios, ib., 1756, 1758, 1759
nus finished but the latter was never
; Operetta natalitia, a mystery, ib., 1761
given, and the MS. has been lost. (Edipus do., 1762 Pastoral mass ;
Missa brevis ;
at Kolonus was given in Berlin, Nov. 10, Piequiem 11 Borate cceli 49 motets 18
; ; ;
184G, and first in London at the Crystal Stationes Theophoricce 16 offertories 12 ; ;
Palace, June 13, 187G. It contains an in- hymns of St. Norbert, for 2 voices and or-
troduction and nine numbers. Published gan ; Hymn, do., for 4 voices, 4 violins, 2
in 1851. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mendelssohn trumpets, and organ ; 3 Te Deuni 2 Salve ;
Werke, Serie xv.. No. 116. Music to So- Eegina Responses for
;
4 voices and small
phocles's tragedy by Eduard Lassen, Wei- orchestra Cantata for the jubilee of an ab-
;
mar, Feb. 7, 1874 and a dramatic cantata

; bot. —
Dlabacz Fotis Meusel, Lexikon, x.
; ;
for chorus, soli, and orchestra, by Theodore 186 Wurzbach.

;
Gouvy, op. 75, Berlin, 1887. Grove Musi- — ; OESTEN, THEODOR, bora in Berlin,
cal World (1854) Allgem. mus. Zeitg.,
; Dec. 31, 1813, died there, March 16, 1870.
xlviii. 178 Mendelssohn's Letters from
; Pianist learned to play on string and wind
;
1833 to 1847, 346 Athenteum (1876), i.

; instruments from the town-musician Po-
O EWIGES
litzki at Fiirstenwalde and the pianoforte Parisiens, which was situated at first in the
from a schoolmaster, and made many youth- Salle Lacazes of the Champs J'lyst'es, and
ful attempts at composition. On returning soon removed to the Theatre Comte in the
to Berlin he studied composition under Passage Choiseul, where many of his most
Bohmer, the pianoforte and singing under popular productions were brought out. lu
Dreschke, and clarinet under Tanne then 1866 he gave up this theatre, and had his
;
entered the Academy of Arts, where he was works performed at dififerent houses in ;
the jjupil of Rungenhagen, G. A. Schneider, 1872 he took the Tlu'atre de la CJaiti', but
and A. W. Bach, and settled in Berlin as a resigned it to Yizentini in 1870, and tlieu
teacher. His music is sentimental, brill- made an unsuccessful American tour, which
iant, easy, and exceedingly popular. He he described in his " Notes d'un musicien
had many imitators, including his son Max. en voyage " (Paris, 1877). On his return
Works Symphonies, masses, quartets, home he devoted himself to composition,
:
motets, fugues, and about 400 pianoforte and suffered much from the gout. His nu-
pieces. —Mendel Fetis do.. Supplement, merous works have enjoyed an immense
; ;
ii. 284. popularity. He was the founder of that

O EWIGES FEUER, O URSPRUNG species of operetta known as opura-boutle,
DER LIEBE, Cantata Festo Pentecostes, and, although he has had many imitators,
for soli and chorus, with accompaniment of none of them have equalled him in comic
three trumpets, drums, two oboes (two verve or fertility of melodic invention. In-
flutes), strings complete, and continuo, by deed, he has been the only writer of opt'-ra-
"
Johann Sebastian Bach (Bachgesellschaft, bouflfe to whom the term " man of genius
No. 34) published,
;
with additional accom- can properly be applied. Works Operet- —
paniments by Robert Franz, in full and pi- tas Les alcoves, Paris, 1847 Marietta, Co-
: ;
anoforte score (Breslau, Leuckart). — Spitta, logne, 1849 ; Pepito, Paris, 1853 ; Oyayaye,
ii. 557. Entrez, messieurs, mesdames, TJne nuit
OFFENBACH, JACQUES, born in Co- blanche, Les deux aveugles, Le reve d'une
logne, June 21, nuit dV'te, Le violoneux, Madame Papillon,
1819, died in Perinette, iâ-Ta-Clan, 1855 ; Vn postilion
Paris, Oct, 5, en gage, Tromb-al-Cazar, La rose de Saint-
1880. The son Flour, Les dragees du bapteme, Lo soixante-
of a Jewish can- six, Le financier et le savetier, La bonno
tor, he went early d'enfants, 1856 Les trois baisors du diablo,

;
to Paris, and stud- Croquefer ou le dernier des paladins, Dra-

ied the violon- gonette. Vent du soir ou I'horrible festin,
cello a year at the Une demoiselle en loterie, Le manage aux
Conservatoire un- lanternes, Les deux pocheurs, Les petits
der Vaslin then played in the orchestra prodiges (with Jonas), 1857 Mesdames de
; ;
of the Opera Comique, and wrote music to la Halle, La chatte metamorphosi'e en

parodies on La Fontaine's poems. After femme, Orphic aux enfers, 185H Un mari ;
appearing as violoncellist in concerts with a la portc, Les vivandii'ros do la gi-amlo

little success, he was appointed chef d'or- armee, Genevieve do Brabant, 1859 Lo ;
chestre at tlie Theatre Fran(;ais, where his Carnaval des revues, Daphnis et Chloe,
composition of the Chanson de Fortunio in Barkouf, Lo papillon, ballot, 1S60 Lji ;
Alfred de Musset's "Chandelier " was well Chanson de Fortunio, Le pout doa soupirs,
received. He used every means of keeping I\[onsieur Choullcury restera choz lui (wilh
his name before the public, and at last, in M. de Saint-R»'my— Due do Morny), Apo-
1855, had a theatre of his own, the Boullcs thicaire et perruquier, Le romau comique,
37
;;
OFT ON
1861 Monsieur et raadame Denis, Le
;
B-flat major, with accompaniment of strings
voyage de MM. Dunanan pore et fils, 18G2 ;
complete, in Handel's L' Allegro, il Pensie-
Les Bavards, 18G3 Lischen et Fritzchen, ;
roso, ed il Moderato, Part L, No. 20.
L'aiuour cbanteur, II siguor Fagotto, Les OGGI AlimVA UN EEGGIMENTO.

Gc'orgiennes, La fee du Ehin, Le fifre en- See Barber of Seville.
cliaute, Jeanne qui pleure et Jean qui rit, OGINSKI, Prince ]\nCHAL KLEOFAS,
La belle Helene, 1864 ; Coscoletto, Les Ber- born at Guzuw, near Warsaw, Sept. 25,
f/ers, 1865 ; Barhe-lSiene, La vie parisieune, 1765, died in Florence, Oct. 31, 1833. Pu-
1866 La cp-ande duclaesse de Gerolstein, La pil of Koziowski was grand treasurer of
;
;
permission de dix beures, La leyon de chant, Lithuania and senator of the Russian Eni-
Eobinson Crusoe, 1867 L'ile de Tulipatan, jDire. During his sojourn in Paris, iu 1823,
;
Le chateau a Toto, La Perichole, 1868 ; La the great violinist Baillot played with him
princesse de Trebizonde, Te?V-Vert, Ijo-diva, in quartets. Works : 14 polonaises ; Songs
Les brigands, La romance de la rose, 1869 with French and Italian words. — Fetis ; So-
Boule de neige, 1871 ; Le roi Garotte, Fleu- wihski ; Mendel ; Schilling.
rette, Fantasia, Le corsaire noir, 1872 ; Les 6 GRAND SAINT-DOmNIQUE. See
braconniers, Pomme d'api, La jolie parfu- Africaine.
meuse, 1873 Bagatelle, Madame I'Archi-
; OH! ARABY, DEAR ARABY. See
duc, 1874 Wittiugton et son chat, Les
; Oberon.
hannetons, La boulangere a des ecus, Le O HAUPT TOLL BLUT UND WUN-
voyage dans la lune, La Creole, 1875 Pi- ; DEN, choral in F major, for Coro I. and
errette et Jacquot, La boite au lait, 1876 ;
n., with accompaniment of two two
flutes,
Le docteur Ox, La Foire Saint-Laurent, oboes, strings comi^lete, organ, and con-
1877 ^laitre Peronilla, 1878
; La Maro- ; tinuo, inJohann Sebastian Bach's Passion
caine, Madame Favart, 1879 Belle Lu- ; nach Matthaus, Part II. No. 63. The mel- ,
ody is by Hans Leo Hass-

ler, and was first pub-
lished in 1601, as a sec-

y
/y^^JÂ.,^,^-/-^.,^^'— — s.
^^^^' song, Mein G'miith
/ ist mir verwirret.
OH! COME DA
QUEL Dt. See Semi-
ramide.
1880 Mademoiselle Mouchoron, 1881
rette, ; OH, GIOJA CHE SI SENTE. See Lucia.
Les contes d'Hoftmann, comic opera, 1881. OH HAD! I JUBAL'S LYRE, soprano
— Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 284
; La- ; aria of Achsah, in A major, with accompani-
rousse Mendel; Riemann ; ; Wurzbach ment of violins in unison and bass, in Han-
;
Ambros, Bunte Blatter, Serie II., Die mu- del's Joshua, Act HI., Scene 3. Published
sikalische Wasserpest ; Atlantic Monthly, also separately, with the accompaniment
xxix. 508 ; International Review, 286.x. filled out by Otto Dresel (Leipsic, Breit-
OF GIRLHOOD'S HAPPY DAYS. See kopf & Hiirtel).

Bose of Castile. O HIMMEL ! LASS' DICH JETZT ER-
6 FORTUNE, A TON CAPRICE. See FLEHEN. See Tannhauser.
Iloberl le Diable. OH, JOYOUS, HAPPY DAY. See Bose
6 FRANCE, 6 MA P.VTRIE ! See Due of Castile.
d'Olonne. OH, LOVELY PEACE, soprano aria of
OFT ON A PLAT OF RISING An Israelitish Woman, in G major, with
GROUND, soprano aria of II Pensieroso, in accompaniment of two flutes, strings com-
;
OH, SLEEP
plete, and continue, in Handel's Judas landish school ; he counted among his pu-
Maccabffius, Act III. pils many of the greatest names of the next
OH ! QU'IL EST BEAU. See Postilion generation, Josquin Despres, de Rue, and la
de Lonjumeau. others, and his was the most potent and
OH, SLEEP, WHY DOST THOU Avidely exerted musical influence of the
LEAVE ME ?, soprano aria of Semele, in E period. His reputation during his life
major, with accompaniment of continuo, in was universal, and at his death composers
Handel's Semele, Act H., sc„ 2. Published like Josquin, Lupi, and others honoureil
also seiârately, with the accompaniment his memory with commemorative works.
filled out by Otto Dresel (Leipsic, Breit- Works
Missa cujusve toni, in Liber XV. :
koi^f & Hiirtel). missarum (Petrcjus, Louvain, 1538) Six ;
OH 'TIS A GLORIOUS SIGHT. See motets, 3-4 voc, and a sequence. Miles
!
Oberon. mine probitatis, in Canti C (Petrucci, Ven-

OH 'TIS PLEASANT. See Oberon.
! ice, 1503) An enigmatic canon in S. Hey- ;
OH! WHY
ART THOU SLEEPING? den's Ai-s canendi, Glarean's Dodekachor-
See Oberon. don, etc. (solutions in Burney, Hawkins,
OH, WOULD THAT See Puritan's Forkel, Fctis, Kiesewetter's Verdienste der
I.
Daughter. Niederliinder, Riemann's Notcnschrift, etc.);

O ISIS UND OSIRIS. See Zauberflote. Fragments of Missa prolationum, in Hey-
OKEGHEM, JOANNES (Okenghera, den's Ars canendi and Bellermaun's Kontra-
Okekam, Ockenheim, etc.), born at Ter- punkt do. of Missa cujusve toni (ad om- ;
monde (?), East Flanders, about 1415-20, nem tonum) in Glarean's Dodekachordon ;
died at Tours (?) in 1513. He is supposed Mass, De plus en plus, MS. in Pontifical
to have got his musical education at the ChaiDcl, Rome 2 do.. Pour quelque peine, ;
Maiti-ise of the Antwerp Cathedral, where, and Ecce ancilla Domini, MS. in Bru.ssels
in 1443, he was a singer. The story that Library Motets in MS. in Rome, Florence, ;
he was a pupil of Binchois is probably un- and Dijon 6 masses, an Ave, and some ;
true. In 1444 he gave up his position at motets in Van der Straeten Kyrie and ;
Antwerp. In 14G1 he was the head of the Christe, 4 voc, from Missa cujusve toni, in
chapel of Charles VII. of France. Louis XL Rochlitz. Ambros, iii. 170 Fetis Grovo — ; ;
made him treasurer of Saint-Martin at Tours. Riemann.

He was also in the service of Charles VIII. O'KELLY, JOSEPH, born, of Irish par-
In 1484 he made a trip to Flanders, accom- entage (?), at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, in
panied by several pupils, and was honoured 1829, died in Paris, January, 1885. Pian-
with a splendid banquet at Bruges. He ist, pupil of Osborne and Kalkbrenner, and
retired from service shortly before the ac- in composition of Dourlcn and Hak'vy, in
cession of Louis Xn., 1498, and probably Paris. Works Le lutin do Galwa}', opera, :
spent the rest of his days in Tours. Oke- Boulogne, 1878 La zingarella, do., Paris, ;
ghem was the founder and head of the 1879 Paraguassi'i, poome lyricjuo, 1855 ; ;
second, or great, Netherlandish school he Ruse contre ruse, operetta Cantata, Ami-
; ;
was long considered the inventor of canonic ens, 1867 Cantata for the Centenary of ;
and contrapuntal art, and was called the O'Connell, Dublin, 1878 Justice et charitc', ;
Father of Music. He, however, was not sacred cantata, Versailles, 1878 Songs and ;
the inventor, but one of the great early de- pianoforte music. — Fetis, Supi)lcment, ii.
velopers of counterpoint and canon. He 286.

gave life and vigor to the older, more stiff OLD HUNDREDTH TUNE, THE, a
and awkward counterpoint of Dufay, Bin- hymn-tune popular in England and Amer-
and other masters of the
chois, first Nether- ica, the authorship of which is unknown.
3'J
; ;
OLD
It was the melody adapted to Beza's version afterwards studied under Thalberg and
of Psalm CXXXIV., iucluded by him in Molique. Conductor of Torquay Choral
the Psalms wliicb he added to the Genevan Society, 1852-55. Works: The Seventh
Psalter in 1551. The earliest copy of the Seal, sacred drama, 1853 Heme the Hunter, ;
Psalter with the tunes is dated 1554 opera, 1879 The Battle, dramatic solo and ;
Louis Bourgeois, the musical editor of that chorus, 1854 Tenth of March, Overture ;
book, arranged the tune in its present form. for orchestra (on marriage of Prince of
It is probably an adaptation of a popular Wales) Anthems, songs, and part-songs
;
tune of the 15th century. It resembles the Pianoforte music.

tune sung in France at that period to the O'LEAKY, ARTHUR, born near Kil-
words, " II n'y a icy celluy qui n'ai sa belle ;" larncy, Ireland, March 15, 1834, still living,
and in Holland to, "Ik had een boelken 1890. Pianist, pupil at the Conservatorium,
uitercoren, die ik met Harten minne." It Hauptmanu, Richter,
Leipsic, of Moscheles,
is found with different endings in the Rietz,and Plaidy, and at the Royal Acad-
earliest Flemish Psalter, " Souter Liedekens emy, London, of Bennett and Potter. Pro-
ghemalct ter eeren Gods " (Antwerp, 1540) fessor at the latter, 1856. Works Overture
;
:
in Uteuhoves Dutch Psalter, "Hondert and incidental music to Longfellow's " Sj)an-
Psalmeu Davids," printed by John Daye ish Student " (with Potter) Symphony in ;
(London, 15G1) in a French translation of C Concerto in E minor, for pianoforte and

; ;
the Psalms with music by Marot and Beza orchestra Pianoforte music and songs. ;
(Lyons, 1563) in Claude Goudimel's fa- His wife, Rosetta (Yinning) O'Leary, was
;
mous collection of tunes (Paris, 1565) in King's scholar at the Royal Academy in
;
Este's Psalter (1592) and the same melody 1852, conjointly with
; J. F. Barnett. She
is in several English and German tune- has published songs.
books, with variations regarding the value OLIMPIADE, L', opera seria in three
of the notes. The Genevan tune was first acts, text by Metastasio, music by Cimai'osa,
sung in England to Kethe's version of Psalm first represented in Naples in 1784. The
C, " All people that on earth do dwell," libretto, Metastasio's masterj)iece, was writ-
and it was first called the "Hundredth" ten in 1733. Characters rejiresented Clis- :
tune. The word "Old" was added when tene. King of Scione Aristea, his daugh- ;
Brady and Tate's new version of the Psalter ter Megacle, her lover Alcandro, Clis-
; ;
appeared in 1696. In America it is com- tene's confidant ; Licida, supposed son of

monly called " Old Hundred." The name King of Crete Amiuta, preceptor of
the ;
"Savoy" has been given to it, from its use Licida and Argeue, a Cretan in love with
;
by the French congregation established in Licida. The scene is at Olympia. Clistcne,

the Savoy, London, in the reign of Charles warned by the oracle of Delphi that he will
H. A monograph on this tune, with an aj)- be killed by his son, abandons him, but rears
pendix of 28 specimens of the melody as the twin-sister, Aristea, who becomes a
sung from 1563 to 1847, was published by beautiful woman. She is loved by Megacle,
the Ilev. W. H. Havergal in 185L— Grove, by Clistene. Megacle
whose suit is refused
ii. 495 ; Bovet, Histoire du Psautier des goes where he is rescued from
to Crete,
eglises reformees (Neufchatel and Paris, brigands by Licida, with whom he forms a
1872) Douen, Clement Marot et le Psautier strong friendship,
; Licida is mourning the
Huguenot (2 vols., Paris, 1878-79). loss of his mistress, Argene, who has been
OLD, JOHN, born at Totuess, South banished to Elide as a shepherdess under
Devon, England, in 1829, still living, 1890. the name of Lycori. Licida goes to Elide
Pupil of John and Edward Loder, and at with Megacle to take part in the Olympian
the Royal Academy of Music of Bennett games, over which Clistene, who has prom-
40
OLIMPIADE
isecl the hand of his daughter to the victor, enna, Aug. 28, 1733 ; by Domenico Alberti,
presides. Licida falls iu love with Ai'istea, Venice, 1739 by Duni, about 1740 by
; ;
and, unpractised in athletic sports, begs Me- Giuseppe Scolari, about 1747 by Georg ;
gacle to win her for him under his name. Christoph Wagenseil, Vienna, 1749 by ;
Megacle, not knowing who is to be the re- Gaetano Latilla, Venice, 1752 by David ;
ward, promises, and on entering the lists Perez, Lisbon, 1754 by Giuseppe Sarti, ;
discovers that it is Aristea. At this po'int Florence, about 1755 by Johaun Adam ;
Clistene recognizes Licitla as his son Phi- Hasse, Dresden, Feb. 10, 175G by Niccolo ;
linte, and Megacle and Aristea are united. Jommelli, Stuttgart, 1701 by Vincenzo ;
Megacle is one of Metastasio's most beau- Manfredini, Moscow, 1702 by Andrea Ber- ;
tiful characters. Cimarosa's rondo, "Nel nasconi, Munich, 1704 by Gassmaun, Ven- ;
lasciarti, o prence amato," was published ice, 1704 by Lampugnani, about 1705 by
; ;
by M. Gevaert in " Les gioires de I'ltalie." Fcrdinando Giuseppe Bertoni, Naples, 1705 ;
—Hogarth, i. 340. by Thomas Augustine Ai-ne, London, April

OLIMPIADE, L', opera seria in three acts, 27, 1705 pasticcio by various composers,
;
text by Metastasio, music by Leo, first rep- arranged by Francesco Puttini, Cremona,
resented iu Naples, Nov. 4, 1737. Two 1708 by Giovanni Paisiello, Naples, 1708
; ;
numbers, the duet, " Ne' giorui tuoi felici," by Pasquale Cesaro, ib., 1709 by Johaun ;
between Aristea and Megacle, and Clistene's Christian Bach, London, 1709 by Traetta, ;
aria, " Non so donde viene," are among St. Petersburg, 1770 by Pasquale Anfossi,
;
Leo's best compositions. Venice, December, 1774 by Baldassare ;
OLIMPIADE, L', opera seria in three acts, Galuppi, about 1775 by Joseph Mysli- ;
text by Metastasio, music by Pergolesi, first weczelc, Rome, 1778 by Gaetano Andre- ;
represented in Eome in 1735. Although ozzi, Leghorn, 1780 by Francesco Bianchi,

;
the music is written iu the composer's best Milan, 1782 by Johann Gottfried Schwau- ;
style, the opera was received with indiffer- berg, Brunswick, 1782 by Luigi Gatti, ;
ence because of its rival opera Nerone by Piacenza, 1784 by Giovanni Battista Bor- ;
Duni. After Pergolesi's death, in 1727, the ghi, Florence, 1785 by Alessio Prati, Na- ;
opera was revived iu Rome, with great suc- ples, 1780 by Angelo Tarchi, Rome, 1790; ;
cess. It was first sung in England in 1742, by Vincenzo Federici, Turin, 1790 by Jo- ;
when the part of Megacle was sung by Si- hann Friedrich Rcichardt, Berlin, October,
—
gnor Monticelli. Clement et Larousse, 193 1791 by Marcello Perrino, Naples, about
; ;
Fetis, Mus. celcbres, 83 Hogarth, i. 385- 1795 by Michael Arditi, ib., about 1800
; ; ;
388 Burney, iv. 448 Waldersee, Samm- and bv Conti, ib., Oct. 9, 1820.
; ;
lung mus. Vortriige, ii. 153. OLIVER, HENRY KEINIBLE, born at

OLI^NIPIADE, L', opera seria in three Beverly, Massachusetts, Nov. 24, 1800, died
acts, text by Metastasio, music by Piccinni, in Boston, Aug. 10, 1885. He was a boy
first represented in Rome in 17G1 in Na- soprano in the choir of the Park Street
;
ples, with new music, 1771. This was one Church, Boston, iu 1810, was graduated at
of Piccinni's most successful operas, and Dartmouth College in 1818, and taught in
one of the best settings of this libretto. Salem until 1844 iu 1848-58 he was agent ;
—Hogarth, ii. 136. of a manufacturing company in Lawrence,

OLIMPIADE, L', opera seria in three of which he was mayor in 1859, and in 1801
acts, text by Metastasio, music by Sacchiui, -05 was treasurer of the State of M:issachu-
first represented iu Milan in 1707. It is setts. he returned to Salem, of

In 1805
said that this opera was deprived of a hear- which city he was also mayor, an»l in 1880
ing in Paris through the jealousy of Gluck. removed to Boston. He was organi.st
and
several churches iu Law-
Same text, music by Antonio Caldara, Vi- nuisical director of
41
OLIVETTE
rence and Salem, and the founder of a glee of Olympic but, soon learning that Anti-;
club (1823), which existed twenty years, gone is the true murderer, she is reconciled
and Mozart Association (182G), both in to Cassandre, and consents to his union
of a
the latter place. In 1883 he received the with Olympic. Original cast :
degree of Mus. Doc. from Dartmouth Col- Statira Mme Branchu.

(S.)
lege. Works The National Lyre, with Olympic
:
Mme Albert.
(C.)
Tuckerman and Bancroft (Boston, 1848) Cassandre (T.) ;
M. Nourrit.
Collection of Church Music (ib., 18G0)
Original Hymn Tunes (ib., 1875). Federal
Antigone (B.) ;
Derivis. M
Street, one of his best known tunes, written The revision was first given in Berlin, Ger-
in 1832 (Mason's Boston Academy Col- man translation by E. A. Hoffmann, May
lection, 1835), was sung, set to his own 14, 1821, with enormous success, and Spon-
words, at the Boston Peace Jubilee in 1872, tini was accorded a supremacy in the musi-
under his own direction. Others of his
hymns are Morning, Harmony Grove, Bea-
con Street, Hudson, Elkton, and Merton.
He left also motets, chants, and a Te Deum,
and a volume of educational addresses
(Salem, 185G).
OLIVETTE. See Noces d'Olivette.
O LOKD, HAVE IMERCY. See GoU sei
mir gniidig.
O LOED, WHOM WE ADORE, alto aria
and chorus, in C minor, with ac-
of Joad,
companiment of strings complete, and con-
tinuo, in Handel's Athalia, Act I., Scene 2.
O LUCE DI QUEST' ANIMA. See

Linda di Chamounix.
OLYMPIE, tragedie-lyriquo in three
acts, text by Dieulafoy and Briffiiult after
Voltaire, music by Spontini, first repre-
sented at the Academic Eoyale de Musique, Pauline Milder-Hauptmann.
Paris, Dec. 22, 1819. The opera was not a
success at first, and in the following year it cal world which lasted until the first repre-
was revised by Spontini, a happy conclu- sentation of Der Freischiitz, five weeks later.
sion being substituted for the former tragic Mme Milder sang the part of Statira Mme ;
ending. Cassandre, the supposed murderer Schulz, Olympia Herr Bader, Cassander
; ;
of Alexandre, and now King and Herr Blume, Antigonus. In 1822 the
of Macedonia,
is in love with Olympic, Alexandre's daugh- opera was again revised, changes being
ter, whose life he has saved. They go to made in the airs for Olympia and Cassan-
celebrate their nuptials in the Temple of der, and in their duet in the first act, and a
Diana, where the officiating priestess proves new scene with terzetto was added to the
to be Statira, Alexandre's wife, who recog- third act. The score was dedicated to
nizes her daughter, Avhom she had believed Friedrich Wilhelm HI., King of Prussia.
dead. She denounces Cassandre as the Published by Brandus & Dufour (Paris) ;
murderer of her husband, and joins King by Erard (Paris) and by Schlesinger (Ber- ;
Antigone, who is trying to wrest Cassan- lin, 1826). Same title, tragedie-lyrique in
dre's throne from him and to gain the hand three acts, text by Guillard, after Voltaii-e,
42
:
O MAN
music by Chi'istian Kalkbrcnner, previously the stratagem, reveals himself to Jeanne,
given at the Academie lioyale de Musique, marries her, and is about to surrender when
Paris, Dec. 18, 1798. Opera ou the same the docteur Mirouet brings his pardon.
text, music by Franz Horzizki, Rheinsberg, Mme Abeille, a widow, also loves Fabrice,
—
about 1800. Clement et Larousse, 495 ;
but finally consents to marry the good
Grove, iii. 669, 673 Fetis, viii. 94
; La- ; doctor. There are only four characters in
jarte, ii. 94 ;Berliner mus. Zeitg., i. 59, the opera, and there is no chorus. Original
313, 322 iii. 349, 357, 386, 393, 409, 417
; ;
cast
Ciicilia, ii. 1 ;iii. 51 Allgcm. mus. Zeitg.,
;
Fabrice (I'Ombre, T.) :\I. :\ronjauzc.
xxi. 212 ; xxii. 101, 117 xxiii. 439
; xxxi. ;
Docteur ^lirouet (B.) ]\I. ;Mc'illet.
532.
Jeanne (S.) Mile ^Farie Iloze.
O MAN, BEWAIL THY SIN. See
Mme Abeille (C.) Mile Priola.
Meusch, bewein' dein' Siinde.
6 MA TENDRE AMIE. See Pre aux It was given in London as " The Phantom,"
Clercs. at Her Majesty's, Jan. 12, 1878. — Clement
OMBRA FELICE, aria for alto, with or- et Larousse, 802 ; Athenseum (1870), ii. 89 ;
chestra, in F, text from Metastasio's Didone (1878), i. 96.

abbandonata, music by Mozart, composed O MENSCH, BEWEIN' DEIN' SUNDE,
in Salzburg in September, 1776. Breitkopf figured choral in E major for Coro L and
& Hartel, Mozart Werke, Serie vi., No. 14. II., accompanied by two flutes, two oboi
— Kochel, Verzeichniss, No. 255 Jahn, Mo- d' amore, strings complete, organ and con-
;
zart, i. 422. tinue, in Johann Sebastian Bach's Passion

OMBRA MAI FIT, mezzo-soprano arioso nach Matthiius, Part I, No. 35. The mel-
of Serse, in F major, with accompaniment ody is by Hans Leo Hassler (1525).
of strings complete, in Handel's Serse. Act b MENSCH, ERRETTE DEINE SlÊLE,
I., Scene 1. A grandiose and generally con- alto aria in D minor, with accompaniment
demnable transcription of this little pas- of strings complete and continue, in Johann
toral air, for violin, harj), and full modern Sebastian Bach's cantata Dom. I. post Trin-
orchestra, by Hellmesberger, has won un- it., O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort (Baclige-
deseiTed popularity in concerts as the "Han- sellschaft. No. 20). Published also separate-
del Largo." ly, with the accompaniment transcribed by
OMBRE, L' (The Shade), French opera Robert Franz (Leipsic, Whistling).
in three acts, text by Saint-Georges, music O ]\nO DOLOR. See Sonnambtda.
by Flotow, first represented at the Opera O NAMENLOSE FREUDE. See FicHio.
Comique, Paris, July 7, 1870. Scene in Sa- ONLY BLEED, THOU DEAREST
voy, reign of Louis XIV., during the per- HEART See Blufe nur, du licbes Herz
! !
secution of the Protestants. The Comte de ON S'KTONNERAIT INIOINS (ÛE LA

Rollecourt, having protected a family of SAISON NOUVELLE. See Armide et
Protestants from massacre, is sentenced to Renaud.
be shot, but issaved by a friend, who ex- ON SHORE AND SEA. cantata for
tracts the balls from the muskets. He then chorus, and orchestra, text by Tom
soli,
takes refuge in a village as a wood-carver, Taylor, music by Arthur S. Sullivan, writ-

under the name of Fabrice. Jeanne, a young ten for and first performed at the opening
Protestant, who had loved him and had seen of the Annual International Exliihition at
him fall, flees to this village, and becomes Albert Hall, London, ^[ay 1, 1871. Tho
the servant of Fabrice, whom, however, she action takes place in the 16th century, at a
does not recognize as the comte. Fabrice, port of tho Riviera, and on a Genoese and
hearing that his friend is to suffer death for Moorish galley at sea. Characters rcprc-
OXSLOW
sented : La Sposina, a Kiviera woman, and NUIT D'AIVIOUR See Faiisf, Gounod.
II Marinajo, a Genoese sailor, and choruses of O, PARDON aiE, MY GOD. See Er-
sailorsand mothers and wives of the seamen. barme dich, :nein Gott.
It was given at the Crvstal Palace, London, OPFERLIED (Ofifering Song), song with
Dec. 2, 187G. Published by Boosey (Lou- orchestral accompaniment in E, by Beet-

don, 1871). —
Upton, Standard Cantatas, 334. hoven, op. 121b, on Matthison's song of
ONSLOW, GEORGE, born, of English the same title. It was written in 1791, and
l)arentage, at Clermont-Forrand (Puy-de- revised in 1801 or 1802, and again in 1805

Dome), July 27, 1781, died there, Oct. 3, or 1807, and completed in 1822-23 foi- the
1852. A grandson of the first Lord Ons- tenor Ehler's benefit concert in Presbnrg.
low, he passed some years while a child in The sketches are preserved in a note-book,
London, where he was pupil of Hiillmandel, in the Konigliche Bibliothek, Berlin. Pub
Dussek, and Cramer. Returning to France, by Schott (Mainz, 1825), as Chant du lishcd
he began the study of the violoncello, and
Sacrifice, by Schonenburg (Paris) by ;
played chamber music with his friends. HeBreitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Se
studied under Reicha, and resided a whilerie xxii.. No. 212, Another song on the
in Vienna, then divided his time between same poem, for voice with pianoforte, was
Clermont and Paris. In 1812 he succeeded written by Beethoven in 1797. Published
Cherubini as member of the Institut. He without opus number by Breitkopf & Hiir-
was a most industrious composer, and en- tel, Beethoven Werke, Serie xxiii., No. 233.
joyed a great reputation during his lifetime. Thayer, Verzeichniss, 111 Nohl, Beetho- — ;
—
Works Operas L'alcalde de la Vega, ven, iii. 393, 577
: Nottebohm, Beethoven- ;
Paris, 1821 Le colporteur, ib., 1827 Le iana, 51 ; Ciicilia, viii. GG Allgem. mus.
; ; ;
due de Guise, ib., 1837. Four symphonies, Zeitg., xxvii. 701.

op. 11, 42, G9, 71 ; Nonet for flute, oboe, OPHELIA, symphonic poem for orches-
clarinet, horn, bassoon, by E. A. Macdowell, op. 22, first per-
and string quartet, tra,
op. 77 Sejotet for pianoforte, flute, oboe, formed in Germany in 1885

;
at Chickering ;
etc., op. 79 sextet for do., op. 30

;
34 Hall, New York, Nov. 4, 188G.— Krehbiel,
;
string quintets 36 string quartets

; 10 Review (188G-87), IG. ;
trios for pianoforte and strings G sonatas 6 PL^SSANTE IMAGIE. See Fanlon de
;
for pianoforte and violin 3 do. for piano- Ploiirmel.

;
ORATORIO, FA-
THER OF. SeeJ»^
muccia.
ORATORIO DE
NOEL (Christmas Or-
J atorio), for chorus and
^^,,0»^ soli, with accompani-
-^^^-""'''^ ment of strings, harp,
,
and organ, text from

forte and violoncello ; Sonatas, variations, the Bible, music by Saint-Sai-ns, o]). 12.
toccatas, etc., for pianoforte ; Abel's Death, Published by Durand Schcenewerk k, Cie.
solo scena for bass, with orchestra. — Grove ;
(Paris). Messe de Noel, oratorio, by Le-
Riemann ; Fi'tis ; Mendel ; Har- sueur,
Schilling ; first performed in Paris, Dec. 25,
monicon (1828), 2G3 ; Eiehl, Mus. Charak- 1786.
terkupfe, i. 293. ORAZJ E CURIAZJ, GLI (The Horatii
ON THE BANKS OF SWEET GA- and Curiatii),opera in two acts,
Italian
RONNE. See Oheron. text by Sografi, music by Cimarosa, first
44
OR
represented at La Fenice, Venice, in 1797. zart,composed in 1770. Breitkopf k Har-
In the original representation the part of tel,Mozart Werke, Serie vi.,No. 3.— Kucliel,
Orazia was sung by Giuseppa Grassini, af- Verzeichniss, No. 30 Jahn, Mozart, i. 22N ;
terwards noted for her relations with Napo- 414.

leon, who made in it an extraordinary success. ORDINAIRE, RAOUL, born at Besancon
She sang it London, in 1805, where
also in in 1843, still living, 1890. Instrumental
her acting in this piece was pronounced al- and vocal composer, pupil of Pierre de
most equal to that of Mrs. Siddons. It was Mol. He is also a writer on music, and in
given in Paris in January, 1812, and on June 18G6-70 was co-editor of "L'art musical."
16, 1813. Published by Simrock (Bonn). Works Morceaux symphoniques Serenade
: ;
Same title, Italian operas, by B. Marcello, for quintet Quartet for strings Trio for pi-
; ;
Venice, about 1720 ; by F. G. Bertoni, ib.. anoforte and strings Souata for pianoforte ;
and violoncello Pianoforte nnisic, choruses,

;
—
and songs. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 287.
O REST IN THE LOBD. See Sei stille
dem Herrn.
ORFEO, Italian opera in five acts, music
by Monteverde, first represented at the
court of Mantua, in 1007. The libretto, on
the story of Orpheus and Eurydice, was
thought until recently to have been writ-
ten by Rinuccini, the author of the text
of Peri's Euridice, but Alessandro Striggio
is now considered the true author. Char-
acters represented : La Musica, Prolo-
go ; Orfeo ; Euridice Speranza
; Caronte
;
(Charon) ; Pluto ; Proserpine Apollo

; ;
Chorus of nymphs and shepherds, and

chorus of infernal spirits. The opera be-
gins with a prologue of five recitatives, the
first of which is spoken by the Genius of
Giuseppa Grassini, Music to declare the argument and to en-

join silence from the audience. There arc
174G by Zingarelli, Turin, 1794 by Mar- no solo arias, but the work is composed of
; ;
cos Portugal, Ferrara, 1799 by Capotorti, duets, recitatives, choruses, and trios, and
;
Naples, 1800 and by Mercadante on Cani- closes with the IMoresca, or iMoorisli Dance,
;
marano's text, Vienna, 1830 Naples, 1810. performed by shepherds. The score shows
;
OK CHE IL CIELO A ME TI RENDE, many remarkable afiinities with dramatic

aria for soprano with orchestra, in E-flat, by music in its latest development, including
Mozart, composed in Vienna in 1781. Breit- the constant employment of mezzo-recita-
kopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie vi.. No. tivo, supported by characteristic instru-
—
22. Kochel, Verzeichniss, No. 374 Andre, ments and the great variety and effect in
; ;
No. 175 Jahn, Mozart, iii. 8.

; the orchestration. The introduction to
OR CHE IL DOVl^^R, recitative and aria Wagner's Bheiiigold isideutical in construc-
(Tali e cotanti sono di Sigismondo i merti) tion witli the instrumental ]>reludc to tliis
for tenor with orchestra, in D, text from an opera, called by IVIonteverde a Toccata, ami
opera, Licenza, written for the name-day of consisting of eight measures on tlie chord of
the AiX'hbishop of Salzburg, music by ]Mo- C with a single and sustained note iu tho
46
; ;;
ORFEO
bass. be played three times
It is directed to Pietro Guglielmi, London, 1780 ; Orfeo ed
before the rising of the curtain.-For Orfeo begun in London in Euridice, by Haydn,
the composer emploj-ed an orchestra of 1793-94 (unfinished) and Orfeo, by Luigi ;
thirty-six instruments, at that time an un- Lamberti, about 1800. Operas in German,
usual number. These were 2 gravicem- by Heinrich Schiitz, text by Rinucciui, Dres-
:
bali (supposed to be clavicembali, harpsi- den, Nov. 20, 1638 Orpheus, by Rhein- ;
chords) 2 contrabassi di viola 10 viole hard Reiser, text by Bressand, Brunswick,

; ;
da braccio 1 arpa doppia 2 violini pic- 1699, Hamburg, 1702 by Georg Benda,
; ; ;
coli alia franccsc 2 chitarroni; 2 organi di Berlin, 1788 ; Der Tod des Orpheus, by ;
legno 3 bassi da gamba 4 tromboni 1 Max von Droste-Hiilshoff, text by Jacobi,

; ; ;
regale (a small organ) 2 coruetti ;1 flau- 1791 (not given) same text, music by Gott-
; ;
tino alia vigesinia seconda 1 clarino, con 3 lob Bachmaun, Brunswick, 1798 Orpheus,
; ;
trombe sordine. The entire score was jiub- by Cannabich, Munich, about 1800 by F. ;
lished in Venice in 1G09, reprinted by Kic- A. Kanne, Vienna, 1810. Oiêras in French,
ciardo Amadino (ib., 1615). A copy of the Orphee, by Jean Baptiste LuUy, text by
second edition, formerly owned by Sir John du Boullay, Paris, 1690 by Antoine Dau- ;
Hawkins, is now in the Royal Library, vergne, about 1770 (not given). Orpheus in
Buckingham Palace. The score was pub- English, by J. Hill, London, 1740 and Or- ;
lished by Robert Eitner and J. J. Maier, in pheus, in Danish, by J. G. Naumann, Co-

vol. ix. of the "Publication iilterer praktisch- penhagen, 1785, Ballets Orpheus und :
er und theoretischer Musikwerke " (Traut- Euridice, by Heinrich Schiitz, for the be-
wein, Berlin, 1880). The descent of Or- trothal of George H., Elector of Saxony,
pheus into Hades was the fii-st profane sub- Dresden, 1638 Orpheus, English masque, ;
ject used for an opera and the first Orfeo, by Martin Bladen, London, 1705 by J.
; ;
text by Cardinal Riario, nephew of Sixtus Dennis, ib., 1707 and John Weaver, ib., ;
rV., music by Angelo Poliziano, was first 1717 Orphee, in French, by Blaise, Paris, ;
represented in Rome in 1480. Other Ital- 1738 Orpheus and Euridice, English panto- ;
ian operas on the same subject, Orfeo ed mime, by Rich, London, 1741 and ballets, ;
Euridice, by Ferrari, Mantua, 1607 Orfeo by William Reeve, ib., 1792 and by Peter
; ;
ed Euridice, supposed to be by Zarliuo, or von Winter, ib., 1805. Operettas Le petit :
Monteverde, given at the Louvre, Feb. 26, Orphee, parodie-ojDerette in four acts (au-
1647, for the amusement of Louis XIV. at thor imknown), Havre, March 10, 1795
the instance of Cardinal Mazarin, and the by Prosper Didier Deshayes, Paris, 1793 ;
first opera represented in Paris Orfeo ed ; Orpheus der Zweite, by Ditters, Vienna,
Euridice, text by Aurelio Aureli, music by 1787 Orpheus und Euridice, in two acts,
;
Sartorio, Venice, 1652 La lira d' Orfeo, ; by K. Meisl, ib., 1813 Orphee aux enfers, ;
text by Minato, music by Antonio Draghi, in two acts, text by Hector Cremieux, mu-
Vienna, May 13, 1683 Orfeo ed Euridice,
; sic by Offenbach, Paris, Oct. 21, 1858 and ;
in Italian, text by Pariati, music by J. J. Orpheus im Dorfe, text by Karl Elmar,

Fux, Vienna, Oct. 1, 1715 I lamenti d' ; music by Karl Ferdinand Conradin, Vienna,
Orfeo, text by Pasquini, music by Georg Jan. 27, 1867.— Grove, ii. 358, 500; Ho-
Christian Wagenseil, ib., July 26, 1740 garth, i. 17 Burney, iv. 27, 35 Hawkins,
; ;
Orfeo, by Karl Heinrich Graun, text by iii.430 Edwards, Hist. Opera, i. 7 Mu-
; ;
Villati, Berlin, March 27, 1752 Orfeo ed ; sical Times (London), March and April,
Euridice, by Johaun Christian Bach, Lon- 1800 Clement et Larousse, 500 Schlet-
; ;
don, 1770 do., by Antonio Tozzi, Munich,

; terer, Studien zur Geschichte der franzo-
1775 do., by Bertoni, text by Calzabigi,
; sischen Musik, iii. 183 Choquet, Histoire de
;
Venice, 1776 Hanover, 1783

; Orfeo, by ; la musique dramatique en France, 76, 94
: ; ;
OEFEO
Bitter, Reform der Operdurcli Gluck, 123 ;
performed in 1736. One of Pergolesi'a
Ainbros, Geschichte der Musik, iv. 353 ;
best works. Published in Rome (1738).
Reissmann, Gescbichte der Musik, ii. 138 ;
It is included in Cboron's " Priucipes de
Mus. Wochenblatt (1874), 185 Allgem. ; composition des ecoles d'ltalie " (3 vols.,
mus. Zeitg., ix. 150 Vierteljabrsscbrift fiir
; Paris, 1808).
Musikwissenscbaft, iii. 343. ORGELBUCHLEIN (The Little Organ-
ORFEO ED EUEIDICE, Italian opera
Book), a collection of forty-five chorals, by
ill tbree acts, test by Calzabigi, music by Jobanii Sebastian Bach, for beginners
in
Gluck, first rei^resented at tbe Hof Burg- organ playing. It was compiled in Cotben,
theater, Vienna, Oct. 5, 1762. Tbe autbor and was intended for a lesson-book for bis
of tbe libretto rehearsed tbe actors, and son Wilbelm Friedemaun and others. Tbe
Gluck conducted tbe opera, which was the chorals are treated in canon form and in
first work written in his new dramatic strict counterpoint, and in many the con-
style. It was received with great enthusi- trapuntal elements of the music reflect the
asm. Among tbe best numbers are Tbe emotional meaning of tbe words with great
:
chorus of the Furies tbe ballet-music

; fervour. Tbe autograph, in tbe KOniglicbe
and Orfeo's tender and beautiful aria in C Bibliotbek, Berlin, bears the words " Dem
major, "Che faro senza Euridice," accom- huchsten Gott allein zu Ebren, Dem Niicb-
panied by the strings, sung after he has sten draus sich zu belebren." Meudelssobu
taken tbe forbidden glance at Euridice as owned an autograph by Bach of the Orgel-
she follows him from Hades. She is re- biichleiD, containing thirty-eight chorals.
stored by Amore, and the opera ends hap- This was in the possession of Herr Ernst
pily. Original cast Mendelssobn-Bartholdy in 1879, and it is
supposed that this is the older of the two
Orf eo Signor Gaetano Guardini.
MSS., for there is a slight diflerence in
Euridice Signora Marianna Biancbi.
tbe reading of several of these chorals, the
Amore Signora Lucia Clavarau.
most of which are supposed to have been
Tbe opera was given in Frankfort-on-the composed while Bach Avas organist at "Wei-
Main in 1764, in Parma at tbe marriage mar. Many pages of tbe Orgelbiicblein
fete of tbe infanta in 1769, in London in remain blank, inscribed only on tbe up-
1770, and at a concert in tbe Conservator}', per staff with the first lines of tbe chural.s
Milan, May 24, 1813, It was represented which Bach intended to elaborate. TJjo
in Paris as Orphee et Euridice, Aug. 2, 1774, chorals completed are I. Nun komm' der :
translation by Moline. Tbe autograph is Heiden Heilaud II. Gott, durcb deiuo ;
in the Royal Library, Vienna. The full Giite III. Herr Christ, der einzige Gottea
;
score was published at the expense of Count Sobn IV. Lob sei dem allmilcbtigen Gott
;
Durazzo at a cost of 2,000 livres. It was V. Puer natus in Bctblcbem VI. Gelobet ;
sent to Favart, who gave it to Mondonville, seist du, Jesu Christ VII. Der Tag dor ist ;
and the latter had it printed by Chambon so freudenreich VTII. Von Himmel hocb, ;
(Paris, 1764). This edition is very rare. da komm' ich her IX. Vom Himmel kani ;
—Marx, Gluck und die Oper, i. 294-329 der Engel Scbaar X. In dulci jubilo XI.
;
; ;
Wiener Diarium (1762), No. 80 Bitter, Re- Lobt Gott, ibr Christen, allzugleicb Xll.
; ;
form der Oper durch Gluck, 244 Cramer, Jesu meino Freude
;
XIII. Christum wir ;
Magazin der Musik (1784), ii. 459 Scbinid, sollcn lobon schoii
;
XIV. "Wir Cbristeu- ;
Gluck, 90 Desnoiresterres, Gluck et Pic- Icut' XV. Helft mir Gottes Gilto prcisen
;
; ;
cinni, 48 Hogarth, ii. 194-204.

;
XVI. Das alto Jabr vcrgaugon ist XVII. ;
ORFEO E EURIDICE, cantata for one In dir ist Freude ; XVIII. Mit Fried' luid
voice with orchestra, by Pergolesi, first Freud' ich fabr' dahiu ; XIX. Herr Gott,
47
; ;;
ORGIANI
nun schleuss den Himmel auf XX. O ; arte, opera bufifa, Naples, 1803 ; Non cre-
Lamm Gottes unschuldig XXL Cliriste, ; dere alle apparenze, do., ib., 1804 ; Arsiuoe,
du Lamm Gottes XXII. Christus, der uns ;
opera ; Jefte, oratorio ; La Passione di N.
selig macht XXIII. Da Jesus an dem ; S., cantata for 3 voices ; Endimione, can-
Kreuze stund XXIV. O Mensch, bewein' ;
tata ; Canzouette, etc. —Fetis.
deiu Siinde gi'oss XXV. Wir danken dir, ;
ORIANA, See Amadigi di Gallia.
Hen- Jesu Christ XXVI. Hilf Gott, dass ; OBLANDI, FERNANDO, born at Parma,
mir's gelinge XXVII. Christ lag in Todes- Italy, in 1777, died at Munich in 1840.
;
banden XXVIII. Jesus Christus, unser Dramatic composer, pupil of Rugarti at

;
Heiland XXIX. Christ is erstanden XXX. Colorno, and of Ghiretti at Pai'ma, then at
; ;
Erstandeu ist der heil'ge Christ XXXI. ; the Conservatorio della Pieta de' Turchiui,
Erschienen ist der herrliche Tag XXXII. ; in Naples, of Sala and Tritto in counter-
Heut' triumphiret Gottes Sohu XXXIII. ;
point. On his return to Parma he obtained
Komm, Gott, Schupfer, heihger Geist employment in the court orchestra, and
XXXIV. Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns soon Avon a brilliant reputation through his
wend XXXV. Liebster Jesu, wir sind operas, although they were of little merit
;
bier XXXVI. Dies sind die heil'geu zehn and void of inspiration.
;
In 1806 he Avas
Gebot XXX\T;I. Vater
; unser im Himmel- called to Milan, as vocal instructor at the
reich; XXXVIII. Durch Adam's Fall ist pages' institute, and acted in the same ca-
gauz verderbt XXXIX. Es ist das Heil pacity at the Conservatorio, since 1809, and
;
uns kommen her XL. Ich ruf zu dir, Herr in Munich since 1828.
; Works I furbi :
Jesu Christ XLI. In dich hab' ich gehof- alle nozze, Rome, 1802 L' amore strava-
; ;
fet, Herr XLH. Wenn wir in hiJehsten gante, Milan, 1802 L' amore deluso, Flor-
; ;
Nuthen seiu XLIII. AVer nur den lieben ence, 1802

; II fiore, Venice, 1803 La ; ;
Gott lasst walten XLIV. Alle Menschen sposa contrastata, Rome, 1804 II sartore
; ;
miissen sterben XLV. Ach wie nichtig, declamatore, Milan, 1804 Nino, Brescia,
; ;
ach wie fliichtig. Edited by AVilhelm Kust 1804 La villauella fortunata, Turin, 18D4 ; ;
for the Bach-Gesellschaft, year XXV. (Leip- ,Le nozze chimeriche, ]\Iilan, 1805 Le nozze ;
sic, 1875).— Spitta, Bach, i. 588-5i)2 601- poetiche, Genoa, 1805 R Corrado, Turin, ; ;
601 818 Spitta, Bach (Bell), i. 597-603

; ; 1806 La melodanza, I raggiri amorosi, ;
•
611-615 647-652 Winterfeld, Der Evan- Milan, 1806 II balordo, Venice, 1807 La
; ; ; ;
geliche Kircheugesang, iii. 415. dama soldato, Genoa, 1808 L' uomo bene- ;
ORGIAXI, Don TEOFILO, Italian com- fico, Turin, -1808 L' amico dell' uomo, ;
poser of the second half of the 17th cen- 1809 II matrimonio per svenimento, 1811 ;
tury, died at Udine about 1714. Dramatic II quiproquo, R cicisbeo bnrlato, Milan,
and church comjDOser, maestro di capiêlla of 1812 Zulemo e Zelima, 1813 Rodrigo di ; ;
the cathedral at Udine, "Works Operas Valenza La Fedra. Futis. — : ; —

II vizio depi'esso, e la virtu coronata, ovvero ORLANDINI, GIUSEPPE MARIA, born
r Eliogabale riformato, Venice, 1686 ; Dio- in Bologna, Italy, about 1690, died" (?).
clete, ib., 1687 Le gare dell' inganno e del ; Dramatic composer, pupil of Padre Dome-
amore, ib., 1689 II tiranno deluso, Vicen- ; nico Scoi'pioni he Avas maestro di cappella
;
za, 1691 L' onor al cimento, Venice, 1703

;
;
to the Grand-duke of Tuscany, and became
Armida regina di Damasco, Verona, 1711. a member of the Accademia Filarmonica,
Many compositions for the church. Futis. — Bologna, in 1719. "Works Farasmane, :
oilGITAXO, BAFAELLO, born in Na- 1710 La fede tradita e A'endicata, Venice,

;
ples in 1780, died in Paris, in 1812. Drama- 1713 Carlo, re d' Allemagna, ib., 1714
;
tic composer, son of Paolo Orgitano (1745- L' innocenza giustificata Merope, 1717 ; ;
98 ?), pupil of Sala. "Works L' iufermo ad : Antigone, Bologna, 1718 Lucio Paiîrio, ;
48
; ;
ORLANDO
Venice, 1718 ; 1719
Ifigenia in Tauride, ;
Orlando, by Maurizio Cacciati, about 1710
;
Paride, Griselda, Bologna, 1720 Nerone, ; Orlando furioso, by Ristori, on Braccioli's

Venice, 1721 Orontea, Milan, 1724
; Be- ; text, Venice, 1713 Same text, music by
;
renice, Venice, 1725 L' Adelaide, ib., 1729

;
;
Vivaldi, ib., 1714 Same text, music by An-
;
La donna nobile, 1730 Massimiano, Ven- ; tonio Bioni, Baden, 1725, Breslau, 1725
;
ice, 1730 II Temistocle, Florence, 1737

; Lo
by Giacomo Macari, Venice, 1727 II nuovo
;
;
scialacquatore, 1745. Oratorios Giuditta, Orlando, by Niccolu Piccinni, Naples, 1703;

:
Ancona, 1723 Gioas, re diGiuda, Florence, Le pazzie d' Orlando, by Pietro Gugliemi,
;
1746.— Fetis. London, 1771 by Pasquale Anfossi (?), Vien- ;
ORLANDO, Italian opera in three acts, na, June 19, 1877 Ritter Roland, by Haydn, ;
text by Braccioli, music by Handel, first on Nunziato Porta's text, Eszterhaz, 1782,
represented at the King's Theatre, London, Presburg, 1787, Dresden, 1792 Orlando ;
Jan. 27, 1733. The autograph, in Buck- furioso, by Agostino Loffredo, Naples, 1831
ingham Palace, is dated at the end of the and Orlando, German opera, by Fr. Adami,
second act, Nov. 10, 1732, at the end of the Schwerin, Jan. 1, 1848. See Boland.
third, Nov. 20, 1732. It contains the last OR LET THE MERRY BELLS, aria of
songs which Handel wrote for Senesino. L' Allegro, for soprano or tenor, in D ma-
One of these, " Gia 1' ebro mio ciglio," has jor, with accompaniment of two violins and
an accompaniment for two violette marine, bass, in Handel's L' Allegro, il Pensieroso,
which were played by the brothers Pietro ed il Moderato, Part L, No. 26.
and Prospero Castrucci, who introduced ORLOWSKI, ANTONI, born in Warsaw
that instrument into England in 1732. in 1811 (?), still living (?), 1890. Violinist,
The aria, "Sorge infausta," was sung by pupil at the Couservatorium, Warsaw, of
Signor Tasca at the Handel commemora- Bielawski, and in composition of Eisner ;
tion, May 27, 1784. Original cast : Orlan- won in 1823 the first prizes for violin
and
do, hero (C), Signor Senesino ; Angelica, pianoforte. After 1827 he passed some
Queen of Catai, in love with Medoro (S.), time in Germany,- and in 1830 went to
Signora Strada Medoro, African prince,
; Paris, where he studied under Lesueur then ;
Angelica's lover (A.), Signor Bertolli Do- ; settled at Rouen, wh&re ho conducted the
rinda, a shepherdess (S.), Signora Celeste theatre orchestra and the philharmonic so-
(Gismondi) and Zoroastro, a Persian ma-
; ciety. Works Le mari de circonstance,
:
-giciasi and friend of Orlando (B.), Signor opera, Rouen, 1834 The Invasion of Spain ;
Montagnano. Published by Walsh (Lon- by the Moors, ballet, Warsaw, 1827 Quar- ;
don, 1733) ; edition by Chx-ysander, for tet for pianoforte and strings Trio for do. ; ;
the Handel -Gesellschaft (Leipsic, 1881). Sonata for pianoforte and violin Duo for ;
— Chrysander, Hilndel, II., 252 Rockstro, ; do. ; Polonaises, rondos, caprices, etc., for
Handel, 180 Schcelcher, Handel, 122
; pianoforte. — Fetis ; Sowinski.
Marshall, Handel, 87 Burney, iv. 302 ;
;
ORPHJCE ET EURIDICE, French opera
id., Handel Commemoration, 49 Grove, i. by Moline, translated from
; in three acts, text
319 iv. 2G7.
; Calzabigi, music by Gluck, first represented
ORLANDO GENEROSO, Italian opera, at the Academie Royale de IMusique, Paris,
text by Hortensio Mauro, music by Steffani, Aug. 2, 1774. The role of Orplu'e, which
first represented in Brunswick in 1G96. had been written for a contralto, was trans-
Other Italian operas on Tasso's hei'o, La paz- posed for a high tenor, six measures were
zia d' Orlando, by Giacomo Griffino, Lodi, added to his first song in the infernal re-
1692 Orlando, by Steffani, text by Mauro, gions, three to his second, three to the " Che
;
Brunswick, 1696 by Domenico Scarlatti, faro senza Euridice," and one to tlie chorus
;
on Sigismondo Capeci's text, Rome, 1711; of the happy shades "Torna o bella ul tuo ;
49
:
orphEe
consorte " and the symphonic description Temple of Love. The opera ends with a
;
atOrphee's entrance to the Elysian Fields chaconne. The second act, in which the
was reinstrumeuted. The new numbers in- plaintive and ethereal songs of Orphee ai-e
cluded Amour's first song, " Si les doux most effectively contrasted with the gro-
:
accords de ta lyre ; " that of Euridice with tesque and wild music of the furies and de-
"
chorus, " Get asile airaable et tranquille mons, is a masterpiece. Original cast
;
the aria di bravura inserted for Legros,

" L'espoir renait dans mou ume," taken
Orphee M. Legros.
Euridice Mile Sophie Arnould.
from Bertoni's Tancredi (Venice, 1778)
Amour ;
Mile Rosalie.
and several new airs for the ballet. The
French edition, which was played many This opera was given at the Acadrmie
nearly every year from 177'4 till 1833, and
again in 1848, receiving 297 representa-
tions. "When Adolphe Nourrit sang the
part of OrpliL-e he substituted the air, "O
transport, 6 desordre extreme," from Ji^clxo
et Narcisse, for the aria di bravura in

Act
I. This opera was given in Berlin, April
20, 1808 in Stockholm in 1815 and again
; ;
in Berlin, German translation by G. D.

Sander, Oct. 15, 1818. It was represented
in Weimar under Liszt's direction, on the
birthday of the Grossfiirstin Marie Pau-
lowna, Feb. 16, 1854, for which perform-
ance Liszt, who admired this work greatly,
wrote his symphonic poem, Orpheus. The
opera was revived at the Theatre Lyrique,
Paris, Nov. 18, 1859, with the score revised
,.
•
T % '1*1 by Berlioz. It was given
at Covent Garden,
London, in Italian, with Mme Viardot as
Orphee and Mme Sax as Euridice, June 27,
18G0. It was first rej)resented in New York
Hastreiter, as Orpheus. with Mme Vestvali as Orphee, May 27, 1863 ;
and was given there by the American Opera

years at the Acadi'mie, was engraved with Company, at the Academy of Music, in Eng-
many errors, and corrections by an unknown lish, Jan. 8, 1886, with Mme Helene Hast-
hand. Act I. presents Orphee's lament reiter as Orpheus and Miss Emma Juch as
over Euridice's tomb, and the entrance of Euridice. Gluck dedicated the score to the
Amour, who brings to Orphee permission Queen. It was jDublished by Pacini (Paris,
from the gods to seek her in Hades. Act 1774). Editions by Mme V. Launer (Vas-
II.Orphc-e in Pluto's realms, where he re- sai, Paris, 1774) by Carl Klage (Schles-
;
covers Euridice. Act III. Their journey inger, Berlin,1818) by Berlioz (Paris,
;
to the upper regions, when Orphee, turn- 1859) ; by Alfred DOrfi'el (Gustav Heinze,
ing to see if Euridice follows, loses her Leipsic) by F. Brissler (Peters, Lei^j-
; ;
Amour appears and aids Orphee in recov- sic) and by Sir Charles Halle, translation
;
ering her a second time, and Euridice re- by Henry F. Chorley (Chai:)pell & Co., Lou-
turns to the world amid the rejoicing of don). Clement et Larousse, 502 Lajarte, — ;
nymphs and shepherds assembled in the i. 278 ; Liszt, Gesammelte Schrifteu, iii. 1 ;
50
;
ORPHEUS
Berlioz, A travers chants, iii. Schmid, Rit- ; coste, chorus for female voices Salve del ;
ter vou Gluck, 223 Marx, Gluck uud die ; mar, o Stella, with various instruments
Oper, i. 294-329 ii. 134 Reissmann, ; ; several pieces for orchestra ; 12 Etudes
Gluck, 106 Bitter, Reform der Oper durch
; d'harmonie pratique. —Fetis, Supplement,
Gluck, 244 Desnoiresterres, Gluck et Pic-
; ii. 288.
cinni, iii. Naumann, Deutsche Toudichter,
; ORSINI, ANTONIO, born at Naples,
106 Jalm, Mozart, ii. 232 Hanslick, Mo-
; ; June 13, 1843, still living, 1890. Pianist,
derne Oper, 3 Fetis, iv. 31 Favart, Mt-
; ; pupil of Antoine Coop aud in theory of
moires et corresijoudauce litteraires (Paris, Baron Stafifa appeared with success as a
;
1808), ii. 113 Revue et Gaz. nius. de Paris

; vii-tuoso in his native city, in Rome, Palis,
(1859), 385 Waldei'see, Sammlung mus.
; and London. Works Benveuuto Celliui, :
Vortrlige, iv. 272 Naumann (Ouseley), ii.

; opera, Naples, 1875 Fughe per quattro ;
830 Allgem. mus, Zeitg., x. 525 xx. 075

; ; ;
voci. He published also : Norme per ap-
Athenseum (1860), i. 58 ii. 33 Ki-ehbiel, ; ; prendere la composizione, etc., and Schema
Review (1885-86), 105. di un indirizzo all' arte del canto. — Fetis,
ORPHEUS, symphonic poem for orches- Supplement, ii. 288.
tra, by Liszt, op. 4, No. 4, first performed ORSUCCI, PO^ÎPEO, born at Lucca,
at a rej^resentation of Gluck's Orphee, in May 21, 1665, time of death not known.
"Weimar, Feb. 16, 1854. was first given Church composer, dean of the collegiate
It
at a concert in November, 1854. church of San Michele in Foro, Lucca. He
Weimar in
Published by Breitkopf & Hartel (Leipsic, was considered one of the most able and
1856), also by Schuberth (Leipsic). Ar- learned composers of sacred music his ;
ranged for two pianofortes by the composer, works are still performed and admired in
and for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello by the churches of his native city. Works :
Saint-Sacns, Breitkopf &

Missa in pastorale 2 Vexilla for 2 choruses
Hartel (Leipsic, ; ;
1887).—Pohl, Liszt, 221 Revue et Gaz. Pater noster for 2 voices Hymn to the
; ;
mus. de Paris (1855), 352. Trinity, do. Te Deums, hymns, motets, ;
ORPHEUS' SELF MAY HEAVE HIS psalms, litanies, etc. Fetis, Supplement, ii. —
HEAD, soprano aria of L' Allegro, in G 288.
major, with accompaniment of strings com- ORTLIEB, EDUARD, born at Stuttgart,
plete, in Handel's L' Allegro, il Pensieroso, drowned near there in 1861. Church com-
ed il Moderato, Part II. No. 38. , poser, pastor at Drakenstein. Works Mass :
ORSINI, ALESSANDRO, born in Rome, for 4 voices with organ and small orchestra,
Jan. 24, 1842, still living, 1890. Dramatic op. 1 2 masses for 4 voices and orchestra,
;
and church composer, pupil of Mariano op. 5 and 8 Mass for 4 voices and organ,
;
Astolfi, Ricci, Raimondi, and Muti Papaz- op. Requiem

; for 3 voices and organ.
zurri. After having conducted various —Mendel.
orchestras in Italy, he returned to Rome, ORTO, GIOVANNI DE (Jean Du Jardiu,
was elected member of the Accademia di de Hoi'to), contrapuntist of the 16th cen-
Sta. Cecilia, and in 1870 became its libra- tury. Nothing is known of his life, but ho
rian, and in 1873 professor of vocal music. was probably a Belgian by birth. Works :
"Works 5 operas, not performed La mo-

: ; Misse do Orto, containing 5 masses Domi- ;
dista alia corte, ballet, Rome, 1865, and 7 nicalis, Jay pris amours, Loinmo ai-me. La
other ballets. Lamberto di Pavia, cantata, belle so sied Petite Camusctte (Venice,
;
1864 II genio di Roma, do., 1870

; Can- ; 1505) Kyrie of a mass in Fragmcnta niis-
;
tata for the inauguration of the monument sarum(ib., 1509) Lamentation of Jeremiah ;
to Cavour, Turin, 1873 Ave INIaria alia (in Lainentatiojium Joremi.-r i)rophet!e liber
;
Palestrina ; Benedictus Inuo della Pentc- primus, ib., 1506) Ave IMaria for 4 voices,
;
;
ORTOLAN
and 11 chansons for do. (in Harmonice mu- continuo, in Handel's Acis and Galatea, Act
sices odhecaton, Venice, 1500-1) ; Masses, H.
songs, and motets in manuscript. —Fetis ;
O SANCTISSIMA, O PURISSBIA, a
Mendel ; Riemann. hymn Mary, set to a melody
to the Virgin
ORTOLAN, EUGENE, born in Paris, called the Sicilian Mariners' hymn, a tune
April 1, 1824, Dramatic
still living, 1890. which was popular in Non-conformist chap-
comiDOser, pupil of Berton and Halcvy at the els in England. It is still sung by the gon-
Conservatoire, Avhile studying law at the doliers in Venice, especially on St. Mary's
same time won the second grand prix in
;
Day. The air, Sicilian IMariners', is included
1845, and after taking his degree as doctor, in Miller's " Dr. Watts's Psalms and Hymns
entered the ministry of foreign affiiirs. L. set to Music " (London, 1800). Grove, iii. —
ofHonour Orders of Leopold and Stanislas.
;
491.
Works Lisette, opera-comique, Theatre
: OSBORNE, GEORGE ALEXANDER,
Lyrique, 1855 La momie de Roscoco, ;
born at Limerick, Ire-
ojDeretta, Bouffes Parisiens, 1857 ; Tobie, land, Sept. 24, 1806,
oratorio, Versailles, 1867 ;
Symphonic mu- still living, 1890. Pi-
sic, and vocal melodies. —Fetis, Supplement, anist, pupil in Paris
ii. 289. (1826) of Pixis and
ORTOLANI, ANGELO, born at Siena, Fetis ; later studied
April 11, 1788, died there, April 18, 1871. under Kalkbrenner,
Pupil of Ritterfels, Deifebo Romagnoli, and and was intimately ac-
of Ettore Romagnoli, whom he succeeded quainted with Chopin
as maestro di cappella at Santa Maria di and BerHoz. In 1843
Provenzano, in 1838. Works II giorno: he settled in London and became a pojûlar
delle nozze, ojDei'a (1835-36 ?), not per- teacher. Works Duets for pianoforte and
:
formed ; L' Arte del contrappunto, etc., violin (with de Beriot) Violin quartets
; ;
published under the pseudonym Lotario Pluie des Perles and other pianoforte mu-
Ganleno (Siena, 1828). He published also sic including rondos, fantasias, and varia-
7 volumes of comedies and dramas (ib., tions. —Fetis ; Mendel ; Grove.
1839), and Memoirs on the history of Siena OSGOOD, GEORGE LAURIE, born of
(ib., 1842).— Futis, Supplement, ii. 289. American parentage, in Chelsea, Massa-
ORTOLANI, TERENZIO, born at Pesaro, chusetts, April 3, 1844, still living, 1890.
Ancona, Sept. 4, 1799, died there, April 7, Tenor singer, pupil in 1860-62, on the organ
1875. Church composer, pupil of Ripini and in counterpoint, of J. K. Paine in Cam-
in harmony and counterpoint, then at the bridge in 1866 went to Europe and stud-
;
Liceo, Bologna, of Padre Mattel. He was ied, in Berlin, composition under Haupt and
maestro di cappella successively in several singing under Ferdinand Sieber in Halle ;
cities in the Marches and the Romagna, and the German Lied under Robert Franz and ;
then at the cathedral of Pesaro. Works : in Milan Italian vocal methods under Lam-
La })astorella delle Alpi, opera buffa, Naples, perti. After a successful concert tour in
183U Many masses, psalms, and other
; Germany, he returned to America in 1872 ;
church music 10 fugues for 8 voices and

; he made a concert tour with Theodore
figured bass 100 fugues for 2 to 4 voices
;
;
Thomas in 1872-73, singing with success in
10 circular canons. Fetis, Supplement, ii. — the princii)al cities of the United States.
290. He
then settled in Boston as a teacher of
O RUDDIER THAN THE CHERRY, singing and tenor singer. Since 1875 he
bass aria of Polyphemus, in G minor, with has conducted the Boylston Club, and since
accompaniment of flute, two violins, and 1882 he has been choir master of Emman-
52
:
OSSIAN
uel Church, Boston. His compositions are Peter, and the two Marys at the tomb of
mostly songs, some of which have had a Christ after the Resurrection, expressing
large sale. their longing to their Lord and rejoicing
O SINK' HERNIEDER, NACHT DER that he lives again. The closing chorus
LIEBE. See Tristan uud Isolde. and the Sanctus of the B minor mass are
O SOMMO CARLO. See Ernani. similar in construction. Both are written
OSSIAN, ou les bardes, French opera in in the form of the French ouverture, and
three acts, text by Dercy and Deschamps, both are of two sections with a closing
music by Lesueur, first represented at the movement in three-eighth time following
Academic Royale de Musique, Paris, July one in common time, with the change ef-
10, 1804. The scene is in Caledonia ; the fected in the same manner. The form of
story that of Ossian, the warrior-bard, sou the numbers in this work shows Bach's ma-
of Fingal. One of the best numbers of the ture hand. Characters represented
Maria :
opera is the dream in which Ossian believes Jacobi (S.) Maria Magdelena (A.) Petrus
; ;
that he sees the future heroes of his race. (T.) and Johannes (B.). I. Sinfonia II.
; ;
Original cast Adagio HI. Duetto, tenor and bass with

;
chorus, Kommt, eilet und laufet IV. Alto ;
Ossian M. Lainez.
recitative, O kalter Manner Sinn V. So- ;
Hydala M. Lainez.
prano aria, Seele, deine Specereien VI. ;
Duntalmo M. Cheron.
Tenor, bass, and alto recitative Hier ist
Rosmala Mile Armand.
die Gruft VI. Tenor aria, Saufte soil mein ;
The severe and plagal harmonies employed Todeskummer VII. Soprano and alto rec- ;
caused one church Le- itative In dessen Seufzen VIII. Alto aria,
critic to say that at ;
sueur was " un musicien de theatre et au Saget, saget mir geschwinde IX. Bass rec- ;
theatre un musicien d'eglise." It was the itative, Wir sind erfreut X. Chorus, Preis ;
most successful opera represented at the und Dank bleibe, Herr, dein Lobgesang.
Academic since Sacchini's Qi^dipe a Coloue, Edited by Wilhelm Rust for the Bach-
and it was played from 1806 till 1811, re- gesellschaft (year XXII., Leipsic, 1871).
vived ou May 31, 1814 and 1815, and on Spitta, Bach, ii. 421, 818 — Spit la. Bach ;
Sept. 29, 1817, receiving G5 representations. (Bell), ii. 590, 714.

This work gave the new name, Academic O SUSSE NACHT! EW'GE NACHT.
Imperiale, to the Opera-house. Napoleon, See Tristan und Isolde.
who was fond of Ossian's poems, greatly OTELLO, Italian opera in three acts,
admired Les bardes, and gave to its com- text by Berio, after Shakespeare, music by
poser the order of the Legion of Honour Rossini, first represented at the Teatro del
and a gold snuff-box. The score was dedi- Fondo, Naples, Dec. 4, 181G. The libretto
cated to Napoleon and published by Janet is very inferior. Many of the best scenes
(Pai'is, 1805). Same subject, Ossian's Harfe, of the tragedy are omitted, lago is a subor-
Danish opera, text by Baggesen, music by dinate character, and is converted into a
—
Kunzen, Copenhagen, 1799. Clement et rejected lover of Desdemona, the charac-
Larousse, 85 Clement, Mus. cel^bres, 241
; ters of Cassio and Roderigo are blended
;
Lajarte, ii. 34. into one, and the nobility of Otello's nature
OSTER-ORATORIUai (Easter Oratorio), is suppressed. Desdemona falls by Otello's
by John Sebastian Bach. The author of dagger, with which tlie Moor kills liiiiiself
the text, which is very meagre, is unknown. afterwards. In this work, which is the sec-
It is supposed that Bach wrote this oratorio ond of his serious operas, Rossini continued
in 173G, and that it was first sung on Easter tlie reforms begun in Tancrcdi. The or-
Sunday, April G, 1738. It describes John, chestration is richer thau in any of his prc-
63
;
OTELLO
vious compositions, and the liberal treat- with great success by Pasta, Grisi, and
ment of the horus and clarinets occasioned Patti, Otello by Rubini and Tamberlik, and
much discussion. The recitatives are ac-
companied by the orchestra instead of the
pianoforte, as was the custom in Italy at
that time, although this instrument had
been banished from the orchestra in France
by Gluck in 1774, and still earlier in Ger-
many. Original cast :
Otello (T.) Signor Davide.

Roderigo (T.) Signor Nozzare.
lago (T.) Signor Benedetti,
Desdemona (S.) IMlle Colbran.
This opera was first represented in Leipsic

in 1820, in Berlin, Jan. 10, 1821, at the
King's Theatre, London, with Camporese
as Desdemona, and Curioni as Otello, May
16, 1822 and in Dresden in 1834. It was
;
firstgiven in New York, Feb. 27, 1825, with

Manuel Garcia as Otello his son, Manuel, ;
lago Signora Garcia, Desdemona Signor-

; ;
ina Marietta Gai'cia (Malibran), Emilia; and

Mme Barbieri, Roderigo. Otello was a
favorite role of Tamberlik and of Garcia.
Pasta, as Desdemona.
lago by Tamburini and Ronconi. Otello

was translated into French by Royer and
Waez, and given at the Acadcmie Royale
de Musique, Paris, Sept. 2, 1814, with
Mme Stolz as Desdemona and Duprez as
Otello. Published by Diabelli (Vienna) ;
by Schott (Mainz) and by Breitkopf &

;
Hlirtel (Leipsic). —
Edwards, Rossini, 152 ;
Escudier, Rossini, 53, G9 Clement et La-;
rousse, 505 Edwards, Lyrical Drama, ii.

;
Sx^ 22 Edwards, Hist. Opera, ii. 157 Vie de

; ;
Rossini par un
137 Hanslick, dilettante, ;
Moderne Oper, 107 Grove, iii. 167 ;
Ebers, Seven Years of the King's Theatre,

164 Allgem. Mus. Zeitg., xxii. 252, 344,
;
Garcia, as Otello
785, 801 xxiii. 121 xxvi. 667; Berliner ; ;
The latter acted with such passion that his Mus. Zeitg., i. 429; ii. 4, 13; iii. 133;
daughter, who sang Desdemona with great Harmonicon (1823), 79.
effect, was afraid that he would actually OTELLO, Italian opera in four acts, text
kill her. Desdemona has also been sung by Arrigo Boito, after Shakespeare, music
: ;
O TEMERAItIO
by Verdi, first represented at La Scala, was rector at the convent school in Heidel-
Milan, Feb. 5, 1887, with great success. berg, 1545, canon of St. Gumbert, in ^^s-
Original cast pach, in 1547, and provost at Anspach in
Otello (T.) Signer Tamagno. 1548. Works 1 book of Tricinia do. of:
;
lago (Bar.) Signer Maurel. Bicinia sacra Ode on the death of Luther
;
Cassio (T.) Signer Paroli. 2 Latin motets Many songs in Georg For-;
Roderigo (T.) Signer Fornari. ster's collections. Mendel Ricmann Mo- — ; ;
Ledevice (B.) Signer Navarrini. natsh. f. Musikgesch., vii. 163 viii. 10, 33. ;
Desdemena (S.) Signera Pantaleeni. OTHO VISCONTI, grand opera in three

acts, by Frederic Grant Gleason, op. 7.
It was first given in New Yerk at the Acad- The work is in :MS., but selections
have
emy of Music under Signer Canipanini's di- been published by W. Pond & Co. (New A
rection, April 16, 1888, with Signer Marceni York).
as Otello ; Signer Galassi, lago ; Signera O THOU THAT TELLEST, alto aria
and chorus in D major, with accompani-
ment of violins in unison, and continue, in
Handel's Messiah, Nos. 8 and 9.
6 TOI QUI MABANDONNE. See

Pro2oh(ite.
OTS, CHARLES, born at Brussels about

1775, died there in 1845. Violinist, passed
the greater part of his life at Ghent, teach-
ing music, and returned when quite old to
his native city. Works La : ruse villageoise,
epera-cemique, Ghent, 1796 ; Jean Second,
eu Charles-Quint dans les niurs de Gand,
do., ib., 1816 David Teniers, do., ib., 1818.
;
Dixit Deminus, Laudate pueri, Tantum

ergo, O salutaris, with orchestra, and other
Tamagno.
church music. Ft-tis. —
Tetrazzini, Desdemena ; and Signera Scal- OTTANI, BERNARDINO, born at Bo-
chi, Emilia. was first represented in
Otello logna in 1735, died at Turin, April (Oct. '?)
London, May 18, 1889. Published by Ri- 26, 1827. Dramatic and church composer,
cordi (Milan, 1887).— Signale (1887), 225, pupil of Padre Martini. He was only
257 Mus. Wochenblatt (1887), 04 Neue
; ; twenty-two when appointed maestro di cap-
Zeitschr. (1887), 71, 125 Krehbiel, Review
; pella at S. Giovanni in ]Mente three years ;
(1887-88), 143 Athenfcum (1889), i.

; later he acted in the same capacity at the
O TEMERARIO ARBACE, recitative and Hungarian College, and in 1779 was of-
aria (Per quel jDaterno amplesse) for so- fered a similar position at the cathedral in
prano with orchestra, in B, text from Me- Turin. Works Operas Amor senza ma- — :
tastasio's Artaserse, music by Mozart, com- lizia, Venice, 1767 ; II maestro, Municli,
posed in Milan in 1770. Breitkopf & 1768 ; L' isola di Calipso, Turin, 1777 ; Ca-
Hilrtel, Mozart Werke, Serie vi., No. 7. tone in Utica, Naples, 1777 ; La sprezzanto
— Kochel, Verzeichniss, No. 79. abbandenata, Rome, 1778 ; Le nozze doUa
O TERRA, ADDIO. See Aida. cittu, Florence, 1778; L' industria nmorosa,
OTHTHAYR (Othraayer), KASPAR, born Venice, 1778 Fatima, Turin, 1779

; Di- ;
at Amberg, Palatinate, about 1519, died at done, ib., 1780; Anninio, ib., 17S1; Le
Nuremberg, Feb. 4, 1553. Vocal composer. Amazzoni, ib., 1784 ; La clemenza di Tito,
66
OTTO
ib., 1789. Forty-six masses Vespers, ;
tanti ; Adelberto, son of Gismonda (A.),
psalms, litanies, etc.— Fetis; Mendel. Signor Berenstadt and Matilda, Ottone's ;
OTTO, (EKNST) JULIUS, boru at Ko- cousin, betrotbed to Adelberto (S.), jNli'S.
nigstein, Saxony, Anastasia Robinson. Tbis opera became
Sept. 1, 1804, died popular at once, and tbe gavotte at the end
at Dresden, ]\Iarcb 5, of tbe overture, Burney tells us, was " played
1877. Vocal com- throughout the length and breadth of the
poser, pupil of Wein- land on every possible instrument, from the
lig and Uber, at tbe organ to the salt-box," an instrument used
Kreuzscbule in Dres- by clowns and j ugglers. It was often played
den. He ^Yas in- for a hornpipe or country-dance. In tbe
structor several years original autograph, in Buckingham Palace,
at Blocbmann's Music tbe overture is of four movements An in- :
Institute, and 1830-75 cantor at tbe troduction, and two fugues, between which
in
Kreuzkircbe, also for a long time music diis the gavotte but Handel afterwards sub- ;
rector of tbe principal Lutberan cburcbes, stituted tbe second fugue for tbe first,
and conductor of tbe Liedertafel. Works closing with the gavotte, in which form tbe
:
Das Scbloss am Rbein, opera, Dresden, overture Avas first printed with tbe opera
1838 Der Scblosser von Augsburg, do., by Walsh (London, 1723). Tbe first fugue
;
Augsburg. Oratorios Hiob, Bitterfeld, Handel transposed a semitone lower and

:
1810 Des Heilands letzte Worte, Dresden, made it tbe second movement in the over-
;
1811 ;Die Feier der Erlusten am Grabe ture to Giulio Cesare (1724). Tbe sinfonia
Jesu. Masses for male voices, motets, in Act was afterward used by Handel for
I.
bymns, and otber cburcb music Festival ; his sixth oboe concerto, Tbe aria, " Af-
cantatas Cyclus for male cborus
;
Many ; fanni del pensier," was sung by Signor Pac-
cboruses for male voices in tbe collection chierotti at the Handel Commemoration,
"Ernst und Scberz." His brotber Franz May 27, 1784. Full score edited by Cbry-
(1809-41) is also favourably known as com- sander for the Handelgesellschaft (Leipsic,
poser of cboruses for male voices, and of 1881). Same subject, Italian opei-as, Ot-
songs. He publisbed 12 dances for orcbes- tone in by Diani, music by ]Marco
Italia, text
tra. —
Fetis Mendel Riemann.
; ; Rosetti, Munich, 1670 Ottone il Grande,
;
OTTONE, Italian opera in tbree acts, text by Silvani, music by Paolo Biego, Ven-
text by Nicola Haym, music by Handel, first ice, 1688 Ottone, text by Roberti, music
;
represented at tbe King's Tbeatre, London, by Pollarollo, Venice, 1694 Ottone in Italia, ;
Jan. 12, 1723. It was written in 1722. It text by Lalli, music by Vivaldi, ib., 1713 ;
contains a greater number of beautiful songs Ottone amante, text by Boccardi, music by
tban almost any opera of tbe period.Tbe Luigi Tavelli, ib., 1726; and Ottone, text
subject is Otbo I. King of Ger-
tbe Great, by Salvi, nuisic by Gennaro d' Alessandri,
many (936-973) and Emperor of Rome Naples, 1740.— Chrysander, Handel, ii. 88 ;
(962). Scene, Rome. Original cast Ot- : Rockstro, Handel, 138 Schffilcber, Handel,
;
tone. King of Germany and lover of Teo- 69 Marshall, Handel, 71 Burney, iv. 286
; ; ;
fane (C), Signor Senesino ; Teofane, daugb- Mainwaring, Memoirs Burney, Handel
;
ter of tbe Rojuan commander of tbe Oi'ient Commemoration, 63.
(S.), Signora Francesca Cuzzoni, her first OUDRID Y SEGURA, CRISTOBAL,

ai^pearance in London Emireno, corsair, bom at Badajos, Feb. 7, 1829, died at :Ma-
;
called Basilio, brotber of Teofane (B.), Si- drid, March 15, 1877. Dramatic composer ;
gnor Boscbi Gismonda, widow of Beren- went to Madrid in 1844, and began to pro-
;
gario, tyrant of Italy (S.), Signora Duras- duce some orchestral compositions in 1849 ;
56
on
soon won reputation as an orchestra con- [and composed an opera when only eight
ductor in several theatres, became chorus- years old was educated at Chiist Chur'ch ;
master at the ItaHan opera in 1867, maes- Gxford (B.A., 1846; ^- .^

tro de capilla in 1872 at the Teatro de la M.A., 1849) was or- ;
Zarzuela, and later at the Teatro del Ori- dained in 1849, and
ente. He wrote more than thirty zarzue- in 1849-51 was curate
las, given at Madrid, some of them con- at St. Paul's, Knights-
jointly with Barbieri, Gaztambide, Rogel, bridge. In 1855 he

Caballero, and others. The last one, El succeeded Sir Henry
consejo de los diez, was given after his R. Bishop as profes-
death, 1884— Fe-tis, Supplement, ii. 290. sor there, and in the
GUI, C'EST MOI QUI VIENS ICI. See same year was ap-
Ambassadrice. pointed precentor of Hereford Cathedral;
^
GUI, VGUS L'AKRACHEZ A MON in 1856 he became vicar of St. :\Iichaers,
AME. See GuiUaume Tell. and warden of St. Michael's College,
GU JE VAIS ? See Huguenots. Tenbury. He induced Gxford to confer
GU PEUT-GN ETEE MIEUX QUAU degrees in music, which the university had
SEIN DE SA FATÎILLE? (Where can not done before 1879. Mus. Bac, Gxford,
one be better off than in the bosom of one's 1850 Mus. Doc, ib., 1854 Mus. Doc, ; ;
family ? ), quartet in the opera of Lucile, by Cambridge, 1862 Hon. LL.D., ib., 1883 ;
;
Gretry, represented at the Italiens, Paris, do., Edinburgh, 1885. Works L' isola di- :
Jan. 5, 1769. was sung at Versailles,

It sabitata, opera St. Polycarp, oratorio, 1855
;
;
July 15, 1789 House, at the first

; at Carlton Hagar, do., 1873 The Lord is the true
;
visit of George III. and Queen Charlotte to God, cantata; 11 services; 70 anthems;
the Prince of Wales, Feb. 3, 1795 and at ; About 35 preludes and fugues for the
Korythnia, on the retreat from Moscow, organ Andantes Sonatas Glees and part-
; ; ;
Nov. 15, 1812. It was adopted by the songs Songs with pianoforte accompani-
;
Bourbons after the Eestoration as a na- ment Sextet and two (piartets for strings
;
;
tional air. —
Grove, ii. 616 Clement et La- ; Pianoforte music. He was author also of
rousse, 412 Larousse Masson, La lyre
; ; treatises on harmony, on counterpoint and
fran9aise. fugue, and on form and general composi-
GURS, L' (The Bear), symphony for or- tion ; edited Grlando Gibbons's sacred
chestra in C, by Haydn, written in 1786 for works Cathedral seiwices (1853) Anglican ; ;
the society of the " Loge Glympique," in Psalter Chants (1872), with E. G. Monk con- ;
Paris. It got its name from the finale, tributed articles to Grove's Dictionary of
which begins with a motive a la cornemuse Music and Musicians and edited Naumann's ;
(bagpipes), resembling a bear-dance. I. History of Music (English trimslation by F.

Vivace assai II. Allegretto
; HI. Menu- Praeger). Grove Fetis do., Supplement,
; — ; ;
etto ; IV. Finale : Vivace assai. Published ii. 291 ; Mendel, Ergiinz.. 322 ; I'viemaiui.
by Andre, Haydn Sinfonien, No. 2 (Gffen- GU VAS-TU, PAUVRE GGNDOLIKK?

—
bach am Main). Grove Reissmann, Haydn, See Zampa.
;
168. GITVT^RTURA DI 13ALLG (Gverturo to

GUSELEY, Rev. Sir FREDERICK AR- the Ball), for orchestra, in E-flat, by Arthur
THUR GGRE, Bart., born in London Aug. S. Sullivan, first performed at tlie Birming-
12, 1825, died (England) Festival, Aug. 29, INTO. It
at Hereford, April 6, 1889. ham
Pianist and organist, son of Sir William is written in graceful and melodious dance-
Guseley, Bart., to whose title he succeeded rhythms. Published by Stanley Lucas (Lon-
in lS4:-i. He early showed nmsical ability, don, 186!)).— Athena'um (1870), ii. 315.
67
;
: ;
OUYERTtRE
OFV'EETUEE FUE HAEMONIE-MU- formed under the composer's direction,
SIK (Overture for Wind-instruments), iu C, July 7, 1791, at Oxford, where he received
by Mendelssohn, op. 24. It was written in the degree of Mus. Doc. on the following
1826. Andante con moto, Allegro vivace. day. This symphony is published in the
Published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mendels- London Philharmonic Catalogue as " Letter
sohn Werke, Serie vii., No. 29. —Hanslick, Q ;
" in Rieter-Biedermann's as No. 2 ; and
Coucertwesen in "Wien, ii. 419. in Peters's as No. 9. — Townsend, Haydn, 94
OFV'ERTURE, SCHERZO, UND FI- Pohl, Mozart und Ha3dn in London, ii. 148.
NALE, for orchestra, by Schumann, op. 52, OX I^HNUET, THE (Die Ochsen-Menu-
first performed Gewandhaus, Leipsic, ettc), Singspiel iu one act, text from Hoff-
at the
Dec. G, 1811. I.Andante con mann's " Le menuet du b(x;uf," music select-
Ouvertiire,
moto in E minor, Allegro in E IE. Scher- ed by Ignaz Seyfried from Haydn's works,
;
zo, Vivo in C-sharp minor III. Finale, Al- first represented in Vienna, Dec. 13, 1823.
;
legro molto vivace in E. The work is in the The play is based on a story without founda-
form of a symphony, but Schumann would tion, regarding a minuet that Haydn is said
not give it this name because it had no to have written at the request of an Hun-
slow movement. He revised the finale in garian butcher for the wedding of his daugh-
1845. This work was fix'st given in Dres- ter, in acknowledgment of which the com-
den, Dec. 4, 1845 by the Philharmonic of poser was presented with a living ox.
;
London, Aj)ril 4, 1853 and by that of New Characters represented Josej^h Haydn his
;
: ;
York in the season of 1857-58. Published niece, Therese Frau Barbara, the house- ;
by Kistner (Leipsic, 1854). Breitkopf & keeper Istock, the butcher Jantschi, ; ;
Hiirtel, Schumann "NVerke, Serie ii.. No. Haydn's scholar and Eduard. Arranged ;
1. —
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xliii. 1100 xlvii. for the pianoforte by C. Burchard (Bauer,
;
928 Maitland, Schumann, 78.

;
Dresden, 18G3). Grove Allgem. mus. — ;
OLWERTUPvE TRIOMPHALE, for or- Zeitg., xxvi. 41 xxxi. 791. ;
chestra, by Tschaikowski, O]}. 15. Its sub- OZI, ETIENNE, born at Nimes, France,
ject is the national hymn of Denmark. Pub- Dec. 9, 1754, died in Paris, Oct. 3, 1813.
lished by Jiirgenson (Moscow, between 1874- Virtuoso on the bassoon, went to Paris iu
79). Arranged for pianoforte for four hands. 1777, apiêared iu the Concei'ts Spirituels
OYEJERO Y RAMOS, IGNACIO, born two years later, was first bassoon j^layer in
at Madrid, Feb. 1, 1828, still living, 1890. the royal, afterwards the imperial orchestra,
Organist, pupil of one Gimeno, and of Le- also in the Opera orchestra, and professor
desma ; in 1858 he was appointed assistant at the Conservatoii-e. Works : 7 concertos
professor at the "Works for bassoon, with orchestra 3 symphonies
Conservatorio. ;
Fernando Cortez, lyric drama, Madrid, concertantes for clarinet and bassoon 24 ;
1848 La Cabana, zarzuela, ib., 1848 duos for bassoons 6 do. for do. or violon-
; ;
About 200 compositions for the church. cellos Airs varies for do. ; Method for bas- ;
— Fi'tis, Supplement, ii. 291. soon (Paris, 1800).— Fetis Schilling. ;
OYER THE DARK BLUE WATERS. O ZITT'RE NICHT, lilEIN LIEBER

See Oberon. SOHN. See Zauberjldte.
O WEINT UM SIE (Oh weep ! for those),
cantata for soprano solo, chorus, and orches-
tra, textfrom Bj'ron's "Hebrew Melodies," P.ABST, AUGUST, born at Elberfeld,
music by Ferdinand Hiller, op. 49. Pub- Prussia, May 30, 1811, died at Riga,
lished by Simrock (Bonn, between 1841-44). July 21, 1885. Dramatic composer,
OXFORD SYMPHONY, for orchestra, in cantor and organist at Kuuigsberg, where
G, by Haydn, written for and first per- he was made royal music director in 1857.
58
;
PACCHIONI
He became afterwards director of the Con- called to Stuttgart in 1690. The invasion
servatorium at Riga. —
Works Operas Der by the French army, in 1692, caused him :
Kastellan von Krakau, given at Kunigsberg, to take refuge at Gotha, where he was city
184:G Unser Johann, ib., 1848 Die letzten
; ; organist until 1695, when the post of or-
Tage von Pompeji, Dresden, 1851 Die ; ganist, at St. Sebaldus, Nuremberg, was
Longobarden (18G0, not given). given him, in succession to Wecker. Works :
PACCHIONI, ANTONIO MARIA, born Musikalische Sterbensgedankeu, aus 4 va-

at Modena, July 5, 1651, died there, July riirtenChoralen bestehend (Erfurt, 1683) ;
15, 1738. Church composer, pupil of Mur- Musikalische Ergutzung, aus 6 verstimmten
zio Erculeo d' Otricoli in singiug, and of Parthien von 2 Violinen, 2 Geigeu und
Giovanni Maria Bononcini in counterpoint Geueralbass (Nuremberg, 1691) 78 Cho- ;
perfected his musical knowledge by the ralezum Priiambuliren (ib., 1693) Hexa- ;
study of Palestrina's works. In 169-1 he chordum Apollinis, aus 6mal variirten Arien
became maestro di cappella at the cathe- (ib., 1699) Tabulaturbuch geistlicher Ge- ;
dral, and in 1722 to the Duke of Modena. silnge D. Martini Lutheri, etc., 160 Choral-
Works : Le porpore trionfali di S. Ignazio, Melodien mit Generalbass und kurze fu-
oratorio (1678) La gran
; Matilda, do., gierte Vorspiele (MS., grand-ducal library,
Modena, 1682 ; Motets for 4 voices (Venice, Weimar) ; Many other vocal and instru-
1687) Cantatas, motets for 8 voices, and mental pieces in Franz Commer's "Musica
;
other church music in MS., in the ducal sacra," and other collections. His son and
library, Modena. — Fetis ; Schilling. pupil,Wilhelm Hieronymus (born at Erfui-t
PACELLI, ASPIRILIO, born at Varci- in 1685),who was organist at Wehrd, and
ano, Italy, in 1570, died in Warsaw, May 4, from 1706 of the Jakobskirche at Nurem-
1623. Church composer was at first maes- berg, published
; Musikalisches Vergniigeu,
:
tro di cajipella at the German college in bestehend in einem Praeludio, Fuga, und
Rome, then in the Vatican, 1602-3, and Fantasia, etc. Fuga in F-dur fiirs Klavier
;
was called to Warsaw, in the same capacity, (Nuremberg, 1725) Praeludium fiir die ;
by Sigismund HI., King of Poland and Orgel (Berlin, 1726). Doppelmeier, Von —
Sweden, who caused a monument to be Niirnberger Kiinstlern, 257 Fetis Gcr- ; ;
erected to his memory in the Cathedral of ber Mattheson, Ehrenpforte Reissmann,

; ;
Warsaw. Works Cantiones: sacrai, for 5- Gesch., ii. 241 ; Riemann ; Schilling ; Win-
10 voices (Frankfort, 1604) ; do. for 5 to 20 terfeld, Ivirchengesang, ii. 589, 626.
voices 1608) Psalmi et motetti octo
(ib., ;
PACHER, JOSEPH ADALBERT, born
vocum 1607) Psalmi, motetti et Mag- at Daubrawitz, ]\[oravia, March 29, 1818, died
(ib., ;
nificat quatuor vocibus (ib., 1608) Madri- at Gmiinden, Upper Austria, Sept. 3, 1871.
;
gali, etc. —
Fetis Mendel Schilling.
;
Pianist, mostly self-taught, afterwards iu
;
PACHELBEL, JOHANN, born in Nu- Vienna pupil of Preyer in harmony and

remberg, Sept. 1, 1653, died there, March counterpoint made ; successful concert tours
3, 1706. Organist, with Buxtehude one of through Austria and Germany, and taught
the immediate precursors of Bach pupil in Vienna several years. His compositions
;
of Heinrich Schwemrner, then studied at for the pianoforte, consisting of nocturucs,

Altdorf and Ratisbon, and in 1674 went caprices, etudes, variations, etc., number
to Vienna, where he became assistant or- more than seventy works. Wurzbach. —
ganist, at St. Stephen's, to Kaspar Kerl, PACINI, GIOVANNI, born in Catania,
which great artist naturally influenced him Sicily, Feb. 19, 1796, died at Pcscia, Dec.
very much. In 1677 he was court organist 6, 1867. Dramatic composer, son of a fa-
at Eisenach and in 1678 organist of the mous tenor, who took him while a cliil<l to
Predigerkirche in Erfurt, whence he was Rome, where his nui«ical education was
;
PACINI
begun ; then Bologna under
studied at ety and beauty of his cabalettas have been
Marcliesi and Mattel, in 1808-12 at
and much praised. During his Viareggio pe-
Venice under Furlanetto. Educated to oc- riod he made quite a study of the works of
cupy a position in some cburch choir, his Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven, for all of
first compositions were church music, but whom he had a profound admiration, and,
when eighteen he wrote an opera, Auuetta e in his subsequent operas he tried his best
Lucindo, which had some success at Venice ;

to throw off his Rossini habit.
and up to 1834 he had produced forty-two Works I. Operas Annetta e Lucindo,
: :
operas in the principal Italian cities with Venice, 1814 Gli spousali de' silfi, Milan,
;
varying success. In 1825 he married Ade- 1814 L' evacuazione del tesoro, Pisa, 1815
; ;
laide Castelli, of Naples, and became maestro Rosiua, Florence, 1815 II matrimonio per ;
di cappella to the Empress IMarie Louise, procura, Milan, 1815 II carnevale di Mi- ;
widow of Napoleon
I. The total failure of lano, ib., 1815 Piglia il moudo come viene,
;
his opera Carlo di Borgogna at Venice in ib., 1815 II seguito di Ser Mercantonio (se-
;
1835 inducing him to give up composition quel to Stefano Pavesi's Ser Mercantonio),
for a time, he went with his family to Via- Venice, 1815 L' ingenua, ib., 1816 Dalla
; ;
reggio, near Lucca, where his mother lived, beffa il disinganno, Milan, 1817 ; La sacer-
and there founded a successful music school, 1817 Adelaide
dotessa d' Irminsul, Trieste, ;
for which he wrote a history of music, a e Comminghio, Milan, 1818 II barone di ;
treatise on counterpoint, and one on har- Dolsheim, ib., 1818 La sposa fedele, ib., ;
mony. Several of his pupils have since and Venice, 1819 II falegname di Livonia, ;
risen to eminence. The school was after- Milan, 1819 L' ambizione delusa, ?, about
;
wards transferred to Lucca. In 1840 he 1820 Atala, ?, about 1820 Vallace, ossia
; ;
brought out at Naples with flattering and r eroe scozzese, Milan, Feb. 24, 1820 La ;
deserved success his opera of Saffo, his best schiava di Bagdad, Turin, 1820 La gio- ;
known, as it is probably his best, work. He ventii di Eurico V., Rome, 1821 Cesare ;
married three times, and had three children nelle Gallie, ib., 1822 La vestale, Milan, ;
by each wife, of whom four daughters and Feb. 6, 1823 Temistocle, Lucca, 1823 ; ;
his only son, Luigi, survived him. He was Isabella ed Enrico, Milan, June 12, 1824
musical director of the music school at Alessandro nell' Indie, Naples, 1824 Ama- ;
Florence, and a knight of several orders. zilia, ib., 1825 L' xdtimo giorno di Pom- ;
In 1854 he went to Paris to superintend the peja, Naples, Nov. 19, 1825, and Paris, Oct.
production of his L' idtimo de' Clodovei, a 2, 1830 La gelosia corretta, Milan, 1826
; ;
new version of Gli Arabi nelle Gallie which Niohe, Naples, Nov. 19, 1826 Gli ArahiixeWe ;
Napoleon IIL had applauded at Rome Gallie, ossia 1' ultimo de' Clodovei, Milan,
twenty-seven years before. Pacini wrote, 1827, and Paris (with 7 new numbers),
besides eighty operas,more than seventy 1855 Margherita d' Angih, Naples, Nov.
;
masses, oratorios,and cantatas, of which 19, 1827 I crociati in Ptolemaide, Ti'ieste,

;
the cantata for the Dante centenary best about 1827 I cavalieri di Valenza, Milan,
;
deserves mention. He was an imitator of June 15, 1828 II talismano, ossia la terza ;
Rossini, and when that master's peculiar crociata in Palestina, ib., June 10, 1829 ;
stylepassed out of fashion, Pacini's success Cesare in Egitto, ?, about 1830 I fidanzati, ;
began to wane. He was a facile and melo- ossia il contestabile di Chester, Milan, 1830 ;
dious, but very careless writer ; his knowl- Giovanna d' Arco, ib., March 14, 1830 Gi- ;
edge of the voice and of the requirements anni di Calais, Naples, 1830 II corsaro, ;
of the stage was great, and he excelled in Rome, 1831 Ivanhoe, Venice, April, 1832
; ;
writing arias to exhibit the best qualities in II convitato di pietra, Viareggio, 1832 Gli ;
the voices of individual singers. The vari- Elvezi, Naples, 1833 Ferdinand© duca di ;
60
;
PACINI
Valenza, ib., 1833 ; Ii'ene, ossia 1' assedio patria, cantata for the Rossini fetes at Pe-
di Messina, ib., Nov. 30, Maria re- 1833 ; saro L' Italia cattolica, cantata, for the
;
gina d' Inghilterra, Milan, 1834, and as Accademia dei Quiriti, Rome Hymn to ;
Maria Tudor, Palermo, Feb. 11, 1813 Carlo ; Guido d' Arezzo ; Hymn to the Viceroy of
di Borgogna, Venice, February, 1835 Saffo, ; Egypt ; Hymn for San Marino Hymn to ;
Naples, Nov. 27, 1810 Furio Camillo, ib., ; the Virgin ; Choruses for the G^dipus of
1811 L' uomo del mistero, ib., 1811 II
; ; Sophocles, Vicenza, 1817. J\\ ^Masses, etc.:
duca d' Alba, Venice, 1812 Adolfo di Wer- ; Messa alia Madonna del Castello, ]\lilan,
beck, Naples, 1812 La fidanzata corsa, ib., ; 1822 Messa a 8-voci, dedicated to Greg-
;
1812 Medea, Palermo, December, 1813

; ;
ory X\T;., 1827 Mass performed at Via- ;
Luisella, ossia la cantatrice del Male di reggio in 1835 ; Messa di Requiem, dedi-
Napoli, Naples, January, 1811 ; L' Ebrea, cated to the town of Catania Mass sung
;
Milan, Feb. 27, 1814 Lorenzino de' Medici, ; at Monte Carlo ; Messa di Requiem to the
ossia Elisa Valasco, Eome, March 5, 1845 ;
memory Michele Puccini of
]\Iessa di ;
Buondelmonte, Florence, 1815 Stella di ; Requiem for the removal of Bellini's body
Napoli, NajDles, 1815 La regina di Cij^ro, ; to Italy and a large number of masses in
;
ossia Catarina Cornaro, Turin, 184G Me- ; 3 and 4 parts, with accompaniment of or-
rope, Naples, 1846 Ester d' Eugaddi, Tu- ; gan and contrabass, or with grand orches-
rin, 1847 Allan Cameron, Venice, 1848
;
;
tra ;two Miserere, a De profuudis, and sev-
Malvina di Scozia, Naples, 1851 Zaffira, ; eral vesper services for 4 and 8 parts with
ib., 1851 II Cid, Milan, March 12, 1853
;
;
gi*and orchestra. V. Instrumental music :
Romilda di Provenza, Naples, 1853 La ; Dante symphony Octet for three violin.s, ;
punizione, Venice, 1854 Margherita Pus- ; violoncello, oboe, bassoon, horn, and con-
terla, Naples, April, 1856 II saltimban- ; trabass ; Six string quartets ;
Quartet, ded-
co, Rome, May 24, 1858 Lidia di Bru- ; icated to Mme Pacini ;
Quartet, dedicated
xelles, Bologna, November, 1858 Gianni di two trios for pianoforte, violin, ; to Lucca,
Nisida, Rome, November, 18G0 and violoncello A number of duos, trios,
II mula- ; ;
tiere di Toledo, ib., June, 1861 and quartets for the pianoforte and wind
Belfegor, ;
Florence, 1861 Don Diego di Mendoza, ;instruments Several morceaux for piano- ;
Venice, 1867 Berta di Varnol, Naples,

; forte and harp Collection of 6 songs ;
April, 1867 ; do. of 5 songs and a duet

Niccolo de' Lapi (posthumous), and a num- ;
Florence, Oct. 29, 1873. ber of songs for one and several voices.
n. Oratorios La destruzione di Gerusa-
: VI. Theoretical works Corso teorico- :
lemme, Sala dei Cinque Cento, Florence, pratico dil ozioni di armonia Principj ;
1858 II carcere Mamertino, Rome, Sala del elemeutarj col metodo del meloplasto
;
Capitolio, 1867 II trionfo di Giuditta

; II Cenni storici suUa musica, e trattato di ;
trionfo della religione ; Sant' Agnese. III. contrappunto (Lucca, 1864) ; Sulla ori-
Cantatas and hymns : L' omaggio pih grato, ginalita della musica italiana ; Mcmoria
Pavia, 1819 II puro omaggio, Trieste,
; sul migliore iudirizzo degli studj musicali
1822 ;Cantata for Franyois I., Naples, (Florence, 1863) ; Progetto per giovaui
1825 Cantata for the wedding of Maria
; compositori (1863) Lettera ai Municipj ;
Cristina of Naples, 1830 II felice imeneo, ;

italiani per una scuola nui.sicalo (1S63) ;
Naples, 1832 Cantata for Pius IX., Rome,

;
Discorso in morte di IMiehele Pulcini
1848 Cantata for the Emperor of Brazil, (1865)
;
Vita di Giudo d' Arezzo Dis- ; ;
1851 Cantata for the Emperor of France

;
corso ai coUegi sul coucors oall' ufficio ;
Cantata for the wedding of Prince Ferdi- di Dircttore nel Conscrvatorio di Paler-
nand of Naples Cantata for the wedding mo (Pescia, 1862)
;
Discorso iicl primo ;
of the Prince of Tuscany Rossini e la pubblico esperimento degli aluuui dt-U' ;

;; ;
PACIUS
Istituto musicale in Lucca (Lecca, 1865) noted singer, Francesca Riccardi, from
Kagionamento sull' opera del Tiron stud- whom he afterwards separated. During
:
ies in Greek music Discorso nel secundo this period he founded his style on Cima-
;
pubblico esperimento degli alunni dell' rosa, Paisiello, and Guglielmi. In 1797 he
Istituto musicale in Lucca (Pescia, 1867). was called to Vienna, where Mozart's music
— Le mie memorie artistiche, autobiog- made a strong impression upon him, and a
raphy (Florence, 1865, revised and com- consequent modification in his own style
pleted by Filippo Cicconetti, Home, 1872) soon became apparent. His harmony grew
Fc-tis; Clement, Mas. cc-lebres, 4:34. more vigorous, his instrumentation richer,
PACIUS, FRIEDRICH, born in Ham- and his modulation more varied. I fuoru-
burg, March 19, 1809, died at Helsingfors, sciti di Firenze (Vienna, 1800) marked the
Finland, March 19, 1889. Virtuoso on the beginning of his second manner. In 1801
violin, pupil of Spohr from 1834 music the Elector of Saxony invited him to Dres-
;
director at the University of Helsingfors. den to replace Naumann, deceased, as Ka-

He was author of the Finnish national air, pellmeister. Here Paiir composed several
" Our Country," and other songs popular in operas with unwonted care, and his finest
Finland and Sweden. Works Kunig works belong to this period of his life. In
:
Karl's Jagd, opera Loreley, Finnish opera, 1806 he followed Napoleon to Warsaw and
;
Helsingfors, April, 1887 Songs. ; Posen, and in 1807 w-as appointed his mai-
PADLOCK QUINTET. See Zauherflote. tre de chapelle, and settled permanently
PAER, FERDINAXDO, born in Parma, in Paris. In 1812 he succeeded Spontini
Italy, June 1, 1771, at the Theatre Italien, where he remained
died in Paris, May until 1827, Rossini being his associate from
8, 1839. Dramatic 1824 to 1826. In these years he wrote eight
composer studied operas, none of which made any decided
;
composition in his na- success. In 1831 he was admitted to the

tive town under an Academie, and in 1832 was made director
organist and the vio- of the King's chamber music. As a man,
linist Ghiretti. He Paer was of the loosest morals, and he had
pursued his studies an immeasurable love for intrigue. As a com-
with great facility, poser, he is one of the most important rep-
and at the age of sixteen stopped his lessons resentatives of Italian opera at the close of
altogether, and began composing operas. the eighteenth century. His melodic power
His first, an opera bufta. La locanda de' was great, and his master}' of the simpler
vagabondi (Parma, 1789), showed decided forms of composition complete. His comic
comic talent the second, I pretendenti gift was remarkable, but he was almost to-
;
burlati, although written before he was tally lacking in pathos and earnestness.
seventeen, contains some of the best music His best work, upon the whole, is probably
he ever wrote. It was intended for, and Camilla, ossia il sotterraneo.
given at, an amatem- theatre, but its success Works I. Operas La locanda de' vaga-
: :
was soon noised abroad. During the next bondi, Parma, 1789 1 pretendenti burlati,
;
ten years Pat-r wrote twenty operas, given, ib., 1790 Circe, Venice, 1791 Said, ossia
; ;
with almost invariable success, at Venice, il seraglio, ib., 1792 L' oro fa tutto, Milan,
;
Rome, Naples, Florence, Milan, Bologna, 1793, and Dresden, 1795 I molinari, Ven- ;
and Padua. In 1791 he became maestro di ice, 1793 Laodicea, Padua, 1793 II tempo
; ;
cappella at Venice, where he composed with fa giustizia a tutti, ossia 1' astuzie amorose,
the greatest industry, leading the while a Pavia, 1794 Idomeneo, Florence, 1794
;
dissolute life and ending by marrying the Una in bene ed una in male, Rome, 1794,
;;
; ;;
PAGANINI
and Dresden (in German, as Nicht gelungen monica, do. Europa in Creta, voice and or-
'
und docb gelungen), 1802 ; matrimonio chestra

II Eloisa ed Abelardo, two voices ;
improvviso, Vienna, 1794 ; L' amante servi- with pianoforte Diana ed Endimione,
do. ;
;
tore, Venice, 1795 ; La Rossana, Milan, Jan. L' amor timido, voice with pianoforte
31, 1795 ; L' orfana riconosciuta, Florence,
L' addio di Ettore, two voices with piano-
1795 ; Ero e Leandro, Naples,
Tamer- forte TJlisse e Penelope, two voices and 1795 ;
;
lano, Milan, 1796 I due soi'di, Venice, 1796

; orchestra (in score, Launer, Paris) :
Saflb, ;
Sofonisba, Bologna, 1796, and Dresden, voice with orchestra (ib.) 2 .serenades for ;
1808 Griselda, ossia la virtiial cimento, Par- three and four voices with accompaniment
;
ma, 1796 L'intrigo amoroso, Venice, 1796 of harp or pianoforte, horn, violoncello, and
;
La testa riscaldata, ib., 1796 Cinna, Padua, contrabass 6 duets for voices (Artaria, Vi-; ;
1797 II princii:)e di Taranto, Parma and enna) 6 little Italian duets for voices, in
;
;
Milan, 1797 II nuovo Figaro, Parma,1797

; two suites (Paris) 42 Italian ariettas for ; ;
La sonnambula, Venice, 1797 II fauatico one voice with pianoforte 6 cavatinas of ;

;
in berlina, Vienna, 1797 Pirro, ib., 1798 Metastasio for do. (Mollo, Vienna)
;
12 ; ;
Poco ma bene, ib., 1798 II morte vivo, ib., French romances with pianoforte 2 collec-
; ;
1799 Le donne cambiate, ossia il calzolajo, tions of exercises for soprano and tenor
;
ib., 1800 I fuorusciti di Firenze, ib., 1800

; (Paris, 1821, 1825) 4 motets (0 salutaris ;
;
Camilla, ossia il Gi- Hostia), three voices and orchestra (Petit,

sotterraneo, ib., 1801 ;
nevra degli Almieri, ossia la peste di Fi- Paris) Offertory for chorus (Janet, Paris) ;
renze, Dresden, 1802 : Sargino, ossia 1' al- Ave Pegina coeli, two voices and organ
lievo deir amore, ib., 1803 Tutto il male ; (Porro, Paris). TV, Instrumental music:
vien dal buco, Venice, 1804 II maniscalco, ; Symphonic bacchante grand orchestra
for
Padua, 1804 Leonora, ossia 1' amore conju-
; (Nadermann, Paris) ; Vive Henri IV., varia-
gale, Dresden, 1805 Achille, ib., 1806 ; tions for grand orchestra (ib.) Grandes ;
Numa Pompilio, Paris, Theatre de la Cour, marches militaires, Nos. I, IL, m., TV. (Janet,
1808 ; Cleopatra, ib., ib., 1809 Dklone ; Paris) 6 waltzes for six- and ten-part wind
;
abbandonata, ib., ib., 1810 I baccanti, ib., ; band (ib.) La douce victoirc, fantaisio for
;
ib., about 1811 L'oriflamme (with Berton,

; pianoforte, two flutes, two horns, and bas-
Kreutzer, and Mehul), ib., Academic Impe- soon (Schoenenbergei*, Paris) ;
^^^
riale de Musique, Jan. 31, 1814 L'eroismo ; 3 grand sonatas for the piano- Y ^ **
in amore, Milan, 1816 La primavera felice, forte, violin obligato, and C*-#^ ,
;
Paris, July 6, 1816 Agnese, ib., July 24, ; ad libitum (Janet, Paris) and
violoncello ;
1819 La gazza ladra (not performed, writ-

;
many themes with variations for pianoforte.
ten about 1820) Le matlre de cliapelle,
; — Thomas ]\Iassc and Antony Deschamps,
Paris, Theatre Feydeau, March 29, 1821 ;
Par-r et Rossini (Paris, 1820)^ Ft-tis ; Cle-
Blanche de Provence (with Berton, Cheru- ment, Mus. ccK'bres, 289 Carafa do Colo- ;
bini, and Kreutzer) Olindo e Sofronia (un- ; brano, Funcrailles do M. Paer Discours :
finished, written about 1824) La marquise ; (Paris, 1839).

de Brinvilliers (with Auber, Batton, Berton, PxVESIELLO. See Paisiello.
Blangini, Boieldicu, Carafa, Cherubini, and at Forrara PAGANINI, ERCOLE, born

Hi-rold), Paris, Opera Comique, Oct. 31, about 1770, died ('?). Dramatic composer,
1831; Un caprice de femme, Paris, 1834. settled in Milan during the first years of
II. Oratorios II San Scpolcro, Vienna, the 19th
:
century. "Works Operas La — :
1803 n trionfo della Chiesa, Parma, 1804

;
conquista del Messico, Milan, 1808 Le ri- ;
;
La Passione de Giesil-Cristo, 1810. m. vali generose, ib., 1809 I filosofi al cimento, ;
Cantatas II Prometeo, with orchestra ib., 1810; Cesaro in Egitto

:
Dcmetrio a ;
Bacco ed Ariana, do. ; La conversazione ar- Rodi.— Fctis.

S8
PAGAisrmi
PAGANIXI, NICCOLO, born in Genoa, was addicted to all sorts of dissipation,
Oci 27, 1782, died at Nice, May 27, 1840. although only sixteen fits ; of illness,
The brought on by his habits, would interrupt

father of
this most famous his practice and his appearances in public,
of all violin vir- and his youthful excesses undoubtedly laid
tuosi was a small the foundation of his general ill-health in
tradesman, with later life. In Leghorn he had gambled
no musical cult- away everything, even to his violin and, to ;
ure, but a decid- enable him to play at a concert, one M.

ed love for the Levi-on lent him a fine Joseph Guarnerius,
art as soon as he which he afterwards presented to him, in
;
perceived his delight at his performance. This Guarne-

son's marked rius remained his favourite violin through
musical gift, he life, and he bequeathed it to the town of
gave him regular instruction on the mando- Genoa, where it is still kept under glass in
lin, which instrument he played himself. the Municipal Palace. The painter Pisani
But he soon turned him over to abler also gave him an admirable Stradivarius.
teachers, first to G. Senêtto, and then to In 1801 Paganini withdrew to the chateau
G. Costa, the Genoese maestro di cappella, of a lady of rank, where he Hved in retire-
with both of whom the young Niccolo ment four years, practising the guitar, and
studied the violin. At the age of eight writing two sets of sonatas (op. 2 and 3) for
the boy's proficiency was already remark- Cfuitar and violin. In 1804 he returned to
able, and he had composed a sonata for his Genoa, and once more took up violin prac-
instrument. His first public appearance tice, studying Locatelli's "Ai'te di nuova
was in 1793 in Genoa, he playing variations modulazione," and other of his studies, and
on La carmagnole with great success. Ev- doing his best to outdo their difficulties.
ery Sunday, too, he would play a violin con- In 1805 he set out on fresh travels, creat-
certo in church. About 1795 he was taken ing immense enthusiasm wherever he aj)-
to Parma to study under Alessandro Rolla, peared. At Lucca, where he lived until
who gave him some lessons he studied 1808, as court violinist, he began his fa-
;
also for some time under Ghiretti, who had mous performances on the G-string alone.
been Pacr's teacher. In after-life Paganini After 1808 he never accepted another regu-
always denied having taken lessons from lar position, but led a roving life, full of
Holla, but it is almost certain that he really adventures, and not always devoid of danger
did. But, whoever his teachers were, he from outraged husbands and fathers, and
began so soon to explore new paths in vio- audiences with whom he allowed himself to
lin playing that he must be considered as to take undue liberties. But his artistic suc-
a great extent self-taught. On his return cess was constant in Milan he gave in 1813
;
to Genoa he composed his first studies, thirty-seven concerts. He came out victor
which contained then unheard-of difficulties, in two violin contests —with Lafont in Mil-
and gave himself up to the most arduous 1
an in 181G, and with Lipinski at Piacenza
practising. His father's strict control was in 1817. Pope Leo XH. conferred on him,
exceedingly irksome to him, and when he in 1827, the order of the Golden Spur.
was allowed to go to Lucca to play at a His first trip outside of Italy was in 1828,
musical festival in November, 1798 (his when (March 9) he gave his first concert in
first journey alone), he did not return to Vienna his reception was unexampled, the
;
his family, but made an independent tour city giving him the gi-and gold medal of
throufjh Pisa and some other towns. He \
St. Salvator, and the Emperor making him
PAGANINI
court virtuoso. From Vienna he continued certs, but he was too ill to play.
The com-
his tour through several cities, playing in pany went into bankruptcy, and his person-
March, 1829, for tlie first time in Berlin. al loss was 50,000 francs. He staid in Paris
On March 9, 1831, he appeared in Paris during the winter of 1838, and it was in
and on June 3 in London. His concerts this 3-ear that he gave Berlioz the
so much
in Great Britain and Ireland during this talked of present of 20,000 francs as
a
visit, and two more he made in the follow- mark of admiration for his Symphonic fan-
ing year, were so successful, financially, that tastiquo. But this apparent piece of munifi-
in 1832 he returned to the Continent wuth cence was in reality by no means what the
a large fortune, mainly invested in landed world took it to be for many years. Fer-
estates. He spent the winter of 1833 in dinand Hiller relates, on the authority of
Paris, and in January, 1831, asked Berlioz Franz Liszt, who was in Paris at the time,
and was intimate Avith all the parties to the
transaction,
that the splendid gift was a
mere advertising dodge, suggested by Juloa
Janin to Paganini, whose well-known miser-
liness had made him unpopular with the
Parisian public, and that the 20,000 francs
did not even come out of Paganini's purse.
But Berlioz never knew the truth about the
matter, and always supposed the gift to be
from Paganini himself, Paganini was, and
always had been, miserly and grasping in
money matters, and it was this insatiable
thirst for money which probably lay at tlic
bottom of his ruinous passion for gambling.
His chagi'in at the failure of the Casino ag-
gravated the laryngeal plithisis from which
he had been suffering for some time ho ;
stayed a few months at the house of a

friend in Marseilles, but, getting no relief,
went to Nice for the winter of 18;59, and
died there in the following May. Paganini's
Paganini in 1831.
genius was epoch-making in the history of
to write a viola concerto for him, which re- violin-playing. Both his technique and his
quest resulted in the composition of Harold whole style of performance were original.
en Italic. He passed most of the next two But marvellous and novel as were his feats
years at the Villa Gaiona, near Parma.But of virtuosity, his immense hold upon his
his bent for making money would not let audiences Avas chiefly due to his inij)rossivp
him rest long in retirement. In 183G he was individuality and the passionate warmth of
induced to embai-kin a dubious speculation his playing. He was a romantic virtuoso
in Paris, the Casino Paganini, a fashionable rather than a classical player, and ho never
club-house, ostensibly forbut attained to that highest distinction of the
concerts,
really cliiefly for gambling. But the gam- violinist, of being a fine, or even a good,
bling license was refused, and the concerts quartet-player. As a composer, his reputa-
alone could not float the undertaking, tion was purely ephemeral, and his onoo
Paganini went to Paris to do his best to famous violin caprices now live only through
save the enterprise by appearing at the con- Schumann's and Liszt'.s pianoforte tran-
05
;;
PAGEN
scriptions, works into which the transcrib- raconto storico di Oreste Bruni (Florence,
ers put far more of their own individuahty 1873) ; Elise Polko, N. P. und die Geigen-
than they left of Paganini's. Works bauer : (Leipsic, 1875).
Ventiquattro capricci per vioHno solo, op. PAGEN UND DER KONIGSTOCHTER,
1 ; Sei senate per violino e chitarra, op. 2 ;
VOM, four ballads for soli, chorus, and
do., op. 3 ; Tre gran quartetti a violino, orchestra, by E. Geibel, music by Schu-
viola, chitarra e violoncello, op. 4 and 5 ;
mann, op. 140, first performed at Diissel-
Concerto in E-flat (solo-part in D, for violin dorf, Dec. 2, 1852. Characters repre-
tuned a semitone higher than usual), op. 6 ; and Nixe (S.) sented : Prinzess, Konigin, ;
do. in B minor (rondo a la clochette), op. 7

Alto solo Pago (T.) Kunig, Meermann, ; ; ;
Le streghe, variations on a theme by Simon

and Spielmann (B.). This work was given
Mayr, op. 8 Variations on " God save
; in Leipsic, Nov. 19, 18G1. Published by
the King," op. 9 H carnevale di Venezia,
; Rieter-Biedermann (Leipsic and Winter-
burlesque variations on a jDopular air, op.
thur, 1858). Posthumous works, No. 5.
10 Perpetuum mobile, op. 11 Variations By Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Schumann Werke,
; ;
on "Non piti mesta," op. 12; do. on "Di Serie ix.. No. 13. Neue Zeitschi-., liii. 27. —
tanti palpi ti," op. 13 ; 60 do., in all keys, PAGLIARDI, GIOVANNI IVIARIA, Flor-
on the air " Barucaba." Only the first five entine dramatic composer, maestro di cap-
pella to the Grand Duke of Tuscany dur-
ing the second half of the 17th century.
>wc/
—
Works Operas Caligula delirante, Venice,
:
1672 ; Lisimacco, ib., 1673 ; Numa Pompi-

lio, ib., 1674.
opus numbers were pubhshed during his PAINE, JOHN KNOWLES, born in
life-time other compositions ascribed to
;
Portland, Maine,
him are spurious. —
M. Schottky, Paganini's Jan. 9, 1839, still
Leben und Treiben als Kiinstler und als living, 1890. His
Mensch (Prague, 1830 ; translation by Lu- first musical in-
dolf Vinata, Hamburg) George Harris, ; was in struction

Paganini in seinem Eeisewagen und Zim- his native town
mer, etc. (Vierweg, Brunswick, 1830) II- from H. Kotzsch-
;
menau, Leben, Charaktcr, und Kunst des - mar. In 1858 he

Ritter N. P. (1830) M. J. Imbert de la;
went to Berlin,
Phaleque, Notice sur N. P. (Paris) . . . where he studied
Guhr, tJber Paganini's Kunst die Violine zu the organ and
spielen (1829, English translation by Sibilla counterpoint under Haupt, singing under
Novello, London, 1831) G. E. Anders, Pa- Fischer, and instrumentation under Wie-
;
ganini, sa vie, sa personne et quelques mots precht until 1861, when he returned to the
sur son secret (Delaunay, Paris, 1831) Fr. United States. After giring organ concerts
;
Fayolie, Paganini et de Beriot (Paris, 1831) in several cities he settled in Boston, where
Bennati, Notice physiologique sur he held the position of organist at the West
. . .
Paganini (read before the Academic Royale Church, Cambridge Street, for about a year.
des Sciences, Paris, 1831 Revue musicale, xi. In 1862 he was engaged as music teacher
;
113-llG) Giancarlo Conestabile, Vita di N. at Harvard University, and organist at Ap-

;
P. da Genova (Perugia, 1851) F. J. Ft'tis, pleton Chapel in Cambridge, where he has

;
Notice biographique sur N. P. (Paris, 1851 lived ever since. In 1876 he was invested
English translation by Wellington Guern- with a full professorship of music at Har-
sey, London, 1852) ; Niccolo Paganini, etc., vard, the first chair of the sort created at
G6
;
PAINE
an American university. Paiue's reputation Song of Promise, do. for soprano, chorus,
as an organist was exceedingly brilliant and orch., op. 43, Cincinnati May Festival,
during the first six or eight years after his 1888 (Cincinnati, John Church & Co.) ;
return from Germany, his taste and style Harvard Commencement Hymn Mirabel, ;
of Inlaying placing him almost alone in this romantic opera in 4 acts (MS., not yet fin-
country as a follower of the extreme classic ished), n. For orchestra Symphony No. :
school but of late years he has played 1, in C minor, op. 23, Boston, Music Hall,
;
but little in public, or even in church, and Thomas orchestra, Jan. 26, 1876 (^klS.) ;
is known to-day princiimlly, if not solely, Overture to Shakespeare's " As You Like It,"
as a composer and teacher of composition. in F, Cambridge, Sanders Theatre, Thomas

As a composer he has admittedly held the orchestra, Nov. 21, 1878 (MS.) Symphonic ;
first rank in America for some years. His poem on Shakespeare's Tempest, in D minor,
musical education was very thorough, and op. 31, New York, October, 1877 (MS.) ;
entirely classic in its tendency indeed, he Duo concertante for violin and violoncello,
;
may be said to have been brought up on with orch., in A, op. 33, Cambridge, San-
Bach. His earlier works, too, are wholly ders Theatre, Thomas orchestra, April, 1878
of the classic type, and show a rare mas- (MS.) Spring symphony. No. 2, in A, op.
;
tery over musical form. But after his Mass, 34, Cambridge, Sanders Theatre, March,
op. 10, he began to strike out more and 1880 (Hamburg, Schmidt k, Cranz) An ;
more plainly in the modern romantic direc- Island Fantasy, symphonic poem in G-sharp
tion, and is now to be classed with the ro- minor and A-flat major, op. 44, Boston,
manticists. Works I. For voices with Symphony Orchestra, April, 1888 (MS.)
: ;
orchestra Domine salvum fac, for male HI. Songs and part-songs Part-songs and
: :
chorus and orchestra, op. 8, given at the motets, op. 14, 16, 18 (MS.) 4 songs, with ;
inauguration of President Hill, of Harvard pianoforte, op. 29 (Boston, Ditson) 3 ;
University, Cambridge, March 4, 1863, and songs, with do., op. 40 (ib., Schmidt). IK.
at that of President Eliot, ib., Oct. 19, Chamber nuisic String (quartet in D, op. 5
:
1869 (MS.) Mass ;in D, for soli, chorus, and (MS.) Trio for;pianoforte, violin, and vio-
orch., op. 10, given under the composer's loncello, in D minor, op. 22 (MS.) Larghetto ;
du-ection, Berlin, Siugakademie, February, and scherzo for do., in B-flat, op. 32 (MS.) ;
1867 (pianoforte score. New York, Schir- Sonata for pianoforte and violin, in B mi-
mer) Samt Peter, oratorio, op. 20, Port- nor, op. 24 (MS.) Romanza and scherzo
;
;
land, Me., May, 1873 (pianoforte score, for pianoforte and violoncello, op. 30 (MS.).
Boston, Ditson, 1872) Centennial Hymn, V. For pianoforte Sonata No. 1, in A mi-
;
:
in D, for chorus and orch., op. 27, given in nor, op. 1 (MS.) do. No. 2, in F-sharp
;
Philadelphia, at the opening of the Centen- minor, op. 4 (MS.) Christmas ; gift, in D,
nial Exposition, May 10, 1876 (Boston, Dit- op. 7 (Boston, Ditson) ; Funeral March for
gon) Music to the Qjdipus Tyrannus of Abraham Lincoln, in B-flat minor, op. 9
;
Sophocles, for male voices and orch., op. (New York, Schirmcr) 4 Charaktcrstiickc, ;
35, Cambridge, Sanders Theatre, May 17, op. 11 (Leipsic, Forbcrg) Romance in C ;
1881 (Boston, Schmidt) The Realm of minor, op. 12 (Boston, Schmidt) 4 charac-
;
;
Fancy, cantata for soprano solo, chorus, and ter pieces, op. 25 (ib., Ditson) In the coun- ;
orch., op. 36, Boston, Music Hall, 1882 try, 12 pieces, op. 2(5 (ib., ib.)
Bomauco ;
tenor op. 39 (ib., ib.) 3 pieces, op. 11

(Boston, Schmidt) Phwhus, arise, for
;
in D-llat, ;
Schmidt) Nocturne in B-flat, op. 45

Bolo, male chorus, and orch., op. 37, ib., (ib., ;
1882 (Boston, Schmidt) The Nativity, can- (MS.). VI. For organ: Concert variations
;
iu F, and on The
tata for soli, chorus, and orch., op. 38, ]3os- on the Austrian Hynu],
ton, Music Hall, 1883 (Boston, Schmidt) Star-spangled Banner, in C, op. 3 (Boston,
C7
PAISIELLO
Ditson) Fantasia in F, and double fugue

;
being mai'ked traits in his character. In
on God Save the Queen, op. G (MS.) Fan- ;
177G he went to St. Petersburg, on invita-
tasia and fugue in E minor, and Fantasia tion of the Empress Catherine. He stayed
on Ein' feste Burg, op. 13 (MS.) Miscel- ; eight years in Russia, being paid a royal
laneous pieces, op. 17, 19 (MS.). salary, and writing some ten operas, of
PAISIELLO (Paesiello), GIOVANNI, which the most noteworthy is II barbiere
born at Taranto, di Siviglia. In 1784 he returned to Italy,
Italy, May 9,1741, stopping a while on his way at Vienna,
died in Naples, where he wrote II re Teodoro and twelve
June 5, 1815. symphonies for Joseph 11. Appointed
Dramatic com- court maestro di cappella by Ferdinand IV.
poser, son of a vet- of Naples, the absence of Cimarosa and
erinary surgeon, Guglielmi left him there without a rival,
who sent bim, and during the thirteen years he remained
when five years at his post (refusing advantageous offers
old, to tlie Jesuit from Berlin in 1788,and Russia and Lon-
school at Taranto. don in 1790) he wrote some of his best and
The beauty of his voice attracted the no- most successful scores, such as I zingari in
tice of the cavaliere Guarducci, maestro di fiera, Nina, o la pazza per amore, and La
cappella at the Capuchin church, who In 1797, on invitation of Napo-
ad- molinara.
vised his parents to send him to Naples to leon, he competed successfully with Cheru-
be educated as a musician. After he had bini for the composition of a funeral march
been taught the elements of music by one for General Hoche. Bonaparte's decision
Carlo Resta, a priest, his father took him, on this occasion spoke more for his well-
in May, 1754, to Naples, where he studied known love for Paisiello's music than for
at the Conservatorio di S. Onofrio, under his artistic discrimination. During the rev-
Durante, Cotumacci, and Abos. During olution of 1799 Paisiello adopted republi-
his five years there he devoted himself can principles, which ho Avas quick enough
to church music, and continued writing to repudiate at the subsequent restoration of
masses, motets, and oratorios for four years Ferdinand IV., although it took him a good
more. But in 17G3 he wrote a dramatic two years of scheming to regain the king's
intermezzo which showed so much dra- favour, and his former position. In 1802
matic talent that he was invited to Bologna he went to Paris to organize and direct
to write a comic opera, La pupilla, ossia the chapel of the First Consul, He w\as so
il mondo al rovescio (1701). The next munificently treated as to excite the jeal-
twelve years were an almost unbroken ousy of French musicians, notably Muhul
series of successes at Modena, Parma, Ven- and Cherubini, whom he furthermore en-
ice, Rome (where he wrote his once so fa- raged by spitefully using all his patronage
mous n marchese di Tulipauo), and Naj)les, to favour their rivals. While in Paris he
where he sustained successfully a brisk wrote chiefly church music in 1803, how- ;
rivalry with Piccinni and, afterwards, with ever, he produced an opera, Pomoue, but
Cimarosa. In this Paisiello did not depend with such ill-success that he asked leave to
upon his genius alone, as he might have return to Naples on the plea of his wife's
done, for the success of his L' idolo cinese want of health. This permission was
(17G9) was fully equal to that of any work granted him next year, and he accordingly
of his rivals at that time he did not dis- returned to his old post, endowed with a
;
dain to have recourse often to very shabby handsome pension, after appointing Lesu-
intrigues, jealousy and uuscrupulousuess eur (to general surprise) as his successor
08
: ; ' ; ;
PAISIELLO
at Paris. In Naples he enjoyed the favour L' innocente fortunata (La semplice fortuna- I
of Joseph Bonaparte and Murat, but on ta), Venice, 1772 Le frame per amore, Na- ;
the return of the Bourbons lost his pen- ples, 1772 Le Dardanc, ib., 1772 L' Arabo ; ;
sions, retaining only his salary at the Eoyal cortese, ib., about 1773 La contesa de' :
Chapel. The anxiety at this sudden down- numi, ib., 1773 Semiramide, Rome, 1773 ;
fall of his fortune undermined his health, Montesuma, ib., 1773 II tamburro uottur- ;
which received a shock at the death

fui-ther no, Naples, 1773 (?), and Vienna, May 17,
of his wife in 1815. He survived her only 1774 ; Annibale in Italia, Turin, 1773 I ;
a few months. Paisiello was one of the filosofi (perhaps identical with I Socrati im-
most prolific of composers besides di ope- ; maginarj, q. v.), ib., 1773 II giocatore, ib., ;
ras, he wrote 103 masses and other church 1773 Le astuzie amorose, Naples, about
;
compositions, and more than 50 instrumen- 1773 La discordia fortunata, Venice, 1773
;
;
tal pieces. Gifted neither with the highest Demofoonte, ib., 1773 II credulo deluso, ;
tragic nor comic power, he was yet a master Naples, 1774 L' osteria di Marechiaro, ib.,
;
of beautiful, simple, and expressive melody. 1774 ; La Frascatana, Venice, 1774 La ;
The musical means he employed were of luna abitata, Naples, about 1775, and, as 11
the simplest, but he knew how to obtain mondo della luna, Moscow, 1778 Alessan- ;
singularly fine effects by them. He ab- dro neir Indie, Modena, about 1775 Don ;
horred showy vocalization, and was incapa- Anchise Campauone, ossia gli amanti co-
ble of producing elaborate work of any mici, Najiles, 1775 Don Chisciotto della ;
sort but few writers have been so well

; Mancia, ib., about, 1775 B duello comico, ;
able as he to keep lap the interest in a mel- ib., 1775, and in French, as Le duel co-
ody in spite of frequent repetitions of the mique, with some numbers by Îi'rcaux,
same phrase, without change or ornament. Paris, Opi'ra Comique, Sept. 16, 177G II ;
His operas are now wholly out of date, yet fiuto principe, Florence, 1775 La disfatta ;
the student can probably find in them more di Dario, Home, about 1775 Dal finto in ;
food for thoughtful study than in those of vero, Naples, about 1775 I Socrati immagi- ;
any other Italian dramatic composer of his narj, ib., 1775, Milan, 1783, and, as I lilosofi
day. Works immaginarj, St. Petersburg, 1779 La finta ;
I. Operas : La pupilla, ossia mondo al maga per vendetta, Naples, 1776 II gran
il ;
rovescio, Bologna, 17G1 ; La madama hu- Cid, Florence, about 1776 Le due oon- ;
morista, Modena, 17G5 ; Demelrio, ib., tesse, Vienna, Nov. 17, 1776 ; B harhicrc di
1765 ; Artaserse, ib., 17G5 ; I virtuosi ridi- Siviglia, St. Petersburg, 1776, and Paris,
coli,Parma, 17G5 ; H negligente, Theatre Feydeau, July
ib., 17G5 ;
Tuileries, July 12,
I bagni di Albano, ib., 17G5 matrimonio inaspcttato, St.
; Le pescatrici, 22, 1789 ; II
Venice, 17G5 B ciarlone, ib., 1766

; II Petersburg, 1777 La finta amanto, ]\Iolii-
; ;
marchese di Tulipano, Eome, 1766 La ve- slaw, Poland, 1780 L' amor contrastato, St.
; ;
dova di bel genio, Naj^les, 176G L' amore Petersburg, 1780 Achille in Sciro, ib.,
;
;
in ballo, Venice, 1766; L' imbroglio delle about 1780 Kitteii, ib., 1781 Lucinda ed ; ;
ragazze, Naples, 1766 ; L' idolo cinese, ib., Artemidoro, ib., 1782 ; Alvidc al bivio, ib.,
1767, and Paris, Academic Royale de Mu- 1783 II rd Teodoro in Venczia, Vienna, ;
sique, June 10, 1779 Lucio Papirio ditta- Aug. 23, 1784; Aydigono, Naples, 17S4
;
tore, Naples, 1767 II furbo mal accorto, L'amor ingegnoso, Bonio, 1785
;
Ruggicro o ;
ib., 1767 L' Olimpiade, ib., 1768; La ser- Bradamante, Naples, 1785 La grotta di
;
;
va padrona, ib., 1769 Andromeda, Milan, Trofouio, ib., 178G Lo garo gcnicro.se, ib.,
;
;
about 1770 Le nozze disturbatc, Naples, 1786 Pirro, ib., about 1786 Li lavamlaja
; ;
;
1771 La somiglianza dei nomi, ib., 1771

;
astuta, Pisa, 1786; Fedra. Naples. 17S8; ;
Gli schcrzi d' amorc c di fortuua, ib., 1771 L' impresario in augustie, Florence, 1788 ;
G9
;; ; ;
PAIX
Cato7ie in Utica, Naples, 1788 ; La molinara, tets for do. and strings ; G do. for stiings ;
ib., 1788, and Paiis, Sept. 2, 1801 ; I zin- Sonata and concerto for the harp ; 2 volumes
rjari in fiera, Naples, 1789, and Paris, May of sonatas, caprices, etc., for pianoforte.
3, 1802 II : matriraonio per fanatismo, Na- Arnold, Giov. Paisiello, seine kurze Biog., —
ples, 1789 ; Nina, o la pazza per amore, Bel- etc. (Erfurt, 1810) Biog. del regno di Na- ;
videre, near Naples, 1789 II fanatico in poli, iii. Fctis Gagliardo, Onori funebri,
; ; ;
berlina (La locaudiera), London, 1789, and etc. (Naples, 181G) Le Sueur, Notice sur, ;
Najiles, 1792 Giuuone Lucinda, dramatic etc. (Paris, 181G) Quatremere de Quincy,
; ;
cantata, Naples, 1789 Zenohia in Palmira, Notice historique (ib., 1817) Schizzi, Delia
; ;
ib., 1790 La modista raggii-atrice, Milan, vita e degli studi di G. P. (Milan, 1833)
;
June 7, 1790, and, as La scuffiara, Naples, Villarosa, Memorie dei compositori, etc.
1792 P conte di Bell' umore, Verona, 1791 (Naples, 1840).
;
II genio poetico apjâgato, Naples, 1791 I PAIX, JAKOB, born at Augsburg in ;
pretendenti delusi, Brunswick, 1791 I 1550, died at Lau- ;
giuoclii d' Agrigento, Venice, 1792 P ri- ingeu, probably ;
torno di Perseo, Naples, 1792 I visionari, soon after 15 9 0. ;
ib., 1792, and in German, as Die Phantas- Organist at Lauin-

ten, Dresden, 1793 Elfrida, Naples, about ; gen, where he pub-
1793 L' inganno felice, ib., 1793 I schiavi
; ; lished the following
per amore, ossia il padrone generoso se buon collections : E i n
padrone, Paris, 1793 L' antiquario burlato, ; schun niitz und
Bergamo, 1793 P calzolajo, Berlin, 1793 ; ;
gebreuchlich Orgel-
Elvira, Naples, about 1793 Didone abbau- ; Tabulaturbuch, etc., containing motets for
donata, ib., 1795 La Daunia felice, Fog- ; 4 to 12 voices by famous composers, be-
gia, 1797 Andromacca, Naples, about 1798;
; sides songs, Passamezzi, and other dances
La contadiua di sjîrito, ib., about 1800 ; (1583) Missa ad imitationem Motettoo
;
Zelmira (not performed, written about (1584) ; Selectee, artificiosse et elegantes

1800) Proserpine, Paris, Opera, March 30,
; Missa parodia fugse, etc. (1587, 1590) ;
1803; I Pittagorici, Naples, 1807. The fol- Mutette (1587) Thesaurus motettarum, 22 ;
lowing are doubtful Solimanno La fiuta motets by different composers (Strasburg,

: ;
giardiniera Zamora L' avaro punito. ; 1589) Missa Helveta, artificiosse et ele-
; ;
II. Church music La Passione di Gesti gantes fugfe, etc. (1590). Fetis Gerber
: — ; ;
Cristo, oratorio, "Warsaw, 1784 Pastorali Mendel. ;
per il S. Natale, a canto e coro 3 solemn PALADILHE, EmLE, born at Montpel- ;
masses for 2 chou's and 2 orchestras lier (Hcrault), June 3,

Requiem for do. ; Te Deum for do. (for 1844, still Hving, 1890.
the coronation of Napoleon) ; Requiem for Dramatic composer
4 voices and orchestra about 30 masses for entered when only ;
do. Te Deum for do. 4 Dixit, 3 Magnifi- nine years old the
; ;
cat, K}Tie, and Gloria, for do. 2 masses for Conservatoire, Avhere ;
5 voices 2 Dixit for do., alia Palestrina

; he was pupil of Mar- ;
Miserere for do., with violoncello and viola montel on the piano- ;
about 40 motets with orchestra, etc. forte, of Benoist on

in. Instrumental 12 symphonies for the organ, and of:
In 1857 he won
orchestra (dedicated to Halc'vy in counterpoint,
Joseph n.) Marche the first prize for pianoforte, and in 18G0
*^ ;
func'bre in memory of General Hoche, for the organ prize and the prix de Rome, the
do. ; G concertos for pianoforte ; 12 quar- latter for the cantata Le czar Ivan IV,
70
; ' ;
PALESTRINA
given at the Opera, 18G0, but never pub- succeeding Francesco Rosseli as maestro de'
lisbed. DuriDg his stay in Rome he sent putti (master of the boys) at the Cappella
to the lustitut several compositions, in- Giulia, in February
cluding an Italian opera buflfa, a mass, and or March, 1551,
orchestral which showed ability.
works, the chapter of St.
On his return to Paris he wrote his first Peter conferring
opera, Le passant, on Coppee's text, but upon him the title
the music was not regarded as a success. of maestro della
His Suzanne was better received, and his cappella della Ba-
Patrie still more favourably but his meth- ; siHca Vaticaua ; it
ods are antiquated and he is wanting in in- is estimated that
vention. Legion of Honoui", 1881. Works he began his pro- - '
/ , -. .
— Operas: Le passant, opera-comique, one f essional career as .
act, given at the Opura Comique, Paris, a musician in 1544. In 1554 was published
1872 L'amour africain, do., two acts, ib.,
; his first book of masses, dedicated to Pope
1875 Suzanne, do., three acts, ib., 1878
; ;
Julius in. On Jan. 1, 1555, he was made
Diana, do., ib., 1885 Patrie, grand opera, ; maestro di cappella of the Pontifical Chap-
text from Sardou's drama. Opera, Dec. 20, el, Giovanni Animuccia succeeding him at
1886. Symphony for orchestra, 18G0 6 ; his former post at St. Peter's. It is evident
melodies ecossaises 20 melodies, voice and
; that his exceptional genius must have been
pianoforte Fragments symphoniques, 1882
; pretty well recognized at this period, for the
2 masses Songs, etc. Fetis, Supplement,
; — pope dispensed him from passing the strict
ii. 296 Grove.
; examination prescribed in the Motu proprio
PALESTRINA, GIOVANNI PIEELUIGI of Aug. 5, 1553, for all ai^plicants for admis-
DA (Joannes Petraloysius Prsenestinus), sion to the Pontifical Chapel, and also over-
born near Rome, probably in looked the regulation that all members of
at Palestrina,
1514-15, died in Rome, Feb. 2, 1594. His the chapel must be priests for at that ;
family name was Sante ; in the earlier edi- time Palestrina was already manied, and
tions of his works he is called either simply had several sons. But although these in-
Gianetto, or Gianetto with differently spelled fractions of the rules of the chapel were
affixes,such as Palestrina, Pallestrina, Pales- winked at also by Julius's successor, !Mar-
trino, Palestina, Pelestrino, with or without cellus n., who had been a patron of Palcs-
the da sometimes, also, Jo. de Palestina.
; trina's before his accession to the Papal
He is called J. P. Aloisius by his biographer Chair, that stern reformer in church matters,
Baini. The date of his birth has been much Paul him and two other mar-
IV., expelled
disj)uted, and was formerly set at 1524, but ried singers from the chapel, with a very
the best later authorities now agree that it small pension, July 30, 1555, so that ho
must have been ten years earlier.. He was held the position for only seven months.
the son of Pierluigi and Maria (Gismondi) It was, however, a stroke of the irony of fate,
Sante, people in a His that Palestrina should afterwards have been

humble station.
musical gift is said to have been first dis- a potent agent in thwarting one of Paul's most
covered by the maestro di cappella of Sta. cherished refonnatory measures the aboli- :
Maria Maggiore, in Rome. It is almost tion of contrapuntifl church music, and tlio
certain that he was sent at an early age to return to the plain Gregorian chant. On
Claude Goudimel's music school, where he Oct. 1, 1555, Palestrina was appointed maes-
laid the foundations of his unsm-passed tro di cappella at San Giovanni in Laterano
mastery in countei-point. The first record but as this post was poorly paiil he ob-
of his occupying an official jjosition is his tained a release from it, and in 15G1 the
71
, 1
PALESTRINA
appointment to the similar position at Sta. culmination in him. The only two men
Maria Maggiore. In 1563 came the most who could in any way dispute his suprema-
famous event of cy in this style were Giovanni Gabrieli and
his life, the writ- Orlando Lasso but, making all due allow-
;
ing of the Mar- ance for the greatness of these men, the
cellus Mass, and palm of superiority must still be awarded
with it the so- to Palestrina. The romantic legends that
called " saving grew up around the nucleus of fact con-
of the art of cerning the part he and his Marcellus Mass
music." This played in the history of church music after
whole transac- the Council of Trent for a long time misled
tion, which musical historians into looking upon him
ended in nullify- as an important innovator in music. He
ing, in so far as was dubbed not only the Prince of Music,
music itself was but the Father of Music. But Palestriua
concerned, the radical reforms in church mu- was in no sense a musical innovator his ;
sic proposed by Paul IV., and discussed at tendencies were conservative, he never de-
great length at the Council of Trent (15-45- parted from the field of composition which
G3), has been made the theme of almost end- had been so well worked by his great prede-
less romancing. A brief account of it may In the Marcellus Mass itself there
cessors.
be found under the heading llissa^ Papre was not a single element of novelty either in
Marcelli, and a detailed one in Ambros (iv. style or construction. Palestrina's mission
7-20). The result to Palestriua was his be- was to complete and perfect a great musi-
ing made composer to the Pontifical Chapel, cal epoch, not to pave the way for a new
an honorary position which has been held only one. His compositions are all in strict sim-
by him and by Felice Anerio. In 1571, on ple counterpoint in the Gregorian modes, for
the death of Animuccia, he was made maes- unaccompanied chorus he made frequent ;
tro di cappella at St. Peter's, which post he use of almost every contrapuntal subtlety/
held until his death. Other supplementaiy known to the older Netherlandish compos-
posts held by him were thoseof composer ers,but with a completeness of technical mas- ''
to the Congregazione del Oratorio, founded tery and an unfailing sense for ideal beau-
by S. Filippo Neri, of maestro concertatore ty that wholly veiled the merely scholastic
to Prince Buoncompagni in 1581, and oc- side of these devices. His long life was a
casional teacher in G. -NX. Nanini's music hard-working, but not j)articularly eventful
school. Pope Gregory XIII. intrusted him one he saw a line of fifteen popes from
; —
with the revision of the Roman Gradual —
Leo X. to Clement VIH. ascend the throne
and Antiphonal, an enormous task, in which and pass away, and he held some of the
he was assisted by his pupil Giudetti, but most brilliant musical positions of his day ;
left unfinished at his death. In 1585 Popebut the salaries were small, and there is lit-
Sixtus V. tried to reinstate him in his tle doubt that he was miserably poor the
former position of maestro di cajipella to greater part of his life. The portrait on this
the Pontifical Chapel, but the jealous op- page is a facsimile of part of the frontis-
position of the singers Avas too energetic to piece of his first book of masses, represent-
be overcome. Palestrina stands universally ing him presenting the book to the pope.
accepted as the greatest genius not only of It is the only contemporary likeness of him.
the " great " Roman contrapuntal school Works
I. Masses Joaunis Petri Aloysii
: :
but of the whole epoch of strict simple con- Pnenestiui in Basilica S. Petri de Urbe
trapuntal composition, which reached its capj)ellse Magistri, Missarum, liber primus,
73
;
; ;
PALESTRINA
four 4-part masses, and one in 5 parts (Rome, quinis, partim senis, partim septenis voci-
1554 2(3 ed., 1572 3d ed., containing a 5- bus concinantur, hber primus (Rome, 1569
; ;
;
part Requiem and a 6-part mass, 1591) Mis- 2d ed., Venice, 1586 3d ed., 1600j Mot-
;
; ;
sarum, liber secundus, four 4-part and two tettorum, liber secundus, discovered by
5-part masses, and the 6-part Missa Papoe Baini (Venice, 1572) ; Mottettorum, hber
Marcelli (Rome, 15G7 2d ed., Venice, 1598) ; (Rome, 1575
tertius Venice, 1581, 1589, ;
Missarum, liber tertius, four 4-part, two 5- and 1594) Mottettorum quatuor vocibus,
;
part, including the Lihonune arme, and two partim plena voce, e partim partibus voci-
6-part masses (Rome, 1570) Missarum, ; bus, liber secundus (Venice, 1581 ; Rome,
liber quartus, four 4-part and three 5-part 1590 ; Venice, 1604, 1606) :Mottettorum ;
masses (Rome, 1582 2d ed., ib., 1582 3d; ; quinque vocibus, liber quartus (Rome, 1584 ;
ed., ib., 1590) Missarum, liber quintus,

; 2d ed., Venice, 1584; 10th ed., Rome,
three 4-part, t^ 5-part, and two 6-part 1650) Mottettorum quinque vocibus, liber
;
masses (Rome, 1590 * 2d ed., Venice, 1591) quintus (Rome, 1584 Venice, 1588, 1595, ;
Misspe, liber sextus, four 4-part masses, and 1601). Three books of motets for 4, 5, and
one 5-part (Rome, 1594 2d ed., containing ; 6 voices were collected by Baini. HL La-
also a 6-part Ave Maria, Venice, 1596) ;
mentations of Jeremiah 23 Lamentations :
Missse, liber septimus, two 4-part and two in 4 parts, liber primus (Rome, 1588
6-part masses, published after Palestrina's Venice, 1589) and two other works in 4,
;
death by his son Hygin (Rome, 1594 2d ; i

5, and 6 parts, collected by Baini. JV^
ed., ib., 1595 ; 3d ed., containing also a Hymns Hyinni totius anni, secundum S.
:
6-part mass, Venice, 1605) Missarum, liber ; R. E. consuetudinem quatuor vocibus con-
octavus, two 4-part, two 5-part masses, and cinendi nee non hymui religionum (Rome
one 6-part with perpetual double canon and Venice, 1589 Rome, 1625). Y- Offer- ;
(Rome, 1599; 2d ed., ib., 1609); Mis- toria (Rome, 1593; Venice, 1594, 1596).
sarum, liber nonus, two 4-part, two 5-part, yi. Magnificat Magnificat octo tonorum,
:
and two 6-part masses (Rome, 1599 2d ; liber primus (Rome, 1591 2d ed., Venice, ;
ed., ib., 1608) Missarum, liber decimus,

; 1591) also of 5-, 6-, and 8-part unedited
;
two 4-part, two 5-part, and two 6-part Magnificats, collected by Baini. VII. Lit-
masses (Rome, 1600) Missarum, liber un- ; anies : Litania) Deiparro Virgin is (Rome,
decimus, one 4-part, two 5-part, and two 1600) ;
yill. Madrigali spirituali, libro
6-part masses (Rome, 1600) Missarum, ; primo (Venice, 1581) libi-o secundo (Rome, ;
liber duodecimus, two 4-part, two 5-part, 1594). IX. Psalms Sacra omnia, solemn. :
and two 6-part masses (Rome, 1601) Mis- ; Psalmodia Vespertina (Venice, 1596). X.
sse octonis vocibus concinendtc, four 8-part Madrigals Libro prinio a quattro voci
:
masses (Venice, 1601) Lauda Sion, Pater ; (Rome, 1555; Venice, 1568, 1570, 1594,
noster, and Jesu nostra redemptio, in 4- 1596, 1605) libro primo a cinque voci
;
parts Beatus Laurentius, Panem nostrum,

; (Venice, 1581) secundo libro a (luattro
;
Salve Regina, and O Sacrum Convivium, for voci (Venice, 1586). Many of Palestrina's
5 parts Ecce ego Joannes, and Veni Creator
; masses were edited and published by .tVJ-
Spiritus, for 6 parts, and other unedited fieri in his " Raccolta di Musica iu cui con-
masses preserved in the Library of the tengonsi i capolavori di celcbri cornpositori

Vatican also a collection in the Minerva
; italiani " (Rome, 1841) ; and Alfieri also pub-
Library, Rome. IL Mofcets
. : Motecta fes- lished, "Rjiccolta di mottctti a quattro voci
torum totius anni, cum communione sanc- di Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Ludo-
torum quaternis vocibus, liber primus vico de Vittoria di Avia e di Felice Aucrio"
(Rome, 1585 and 1590 Venice, 1601 aud (ib., 1841). A nuin1)cr of I'alcsdiiKi's works
; ;
Rome, 1622) Mottettorum qutc partim were published by Proske iu his collection of
;
78
;; ;;
PALESTRINA
" Musica Divina." most of Palestrina's music. Works Operas La finta amante,
Tlio — :
MSS. and Naples, about 1800 Le due rivali, Rome,

are in the Library of the Vatican, ;
37 motets are in the Library of the Con- 1802 La vedova astuta, ib., about 1803 ; ;
servatoii-e in Paris. Breitkopf & Hartel's La villanella rapita, ib., about 1804. De-
edition of Palestrina Werke I. 5, 6, and bora, oratorio Ariane, cantata 2 sympho-
: ; ;
7-part Motets 11. 5, G, and 8-part Motets

; nies for orchestra 3 quintets for 2 piano- ; ;
m. 5, 6, and 8-part Motets; IV. 5-part fortes, 2 violins, and violoncello 9 quartets ;
Motets V. 4-part Motets VI. 5, G, and for strings. Fctis.

; ; —
8-part Motets; VH. 4, G, 8, and 12-part PALLAVICINO, BENEDETTO, born at
Motets Vm. 4-part Hymns IX. 5-part Cremona in the second half of the IGth cen-
; ;
Offertories X. Masses, 1st Book XI. 2d tury, died (at Mantua?) after IGIG. Vocal
; ;
Book; Xn. 3d Book; Xltt 4th Book; composer, maestro di cappella to the Duke
XIV. 5th Book XV. Gth Book XVI. 7th of Mantua. Works Book of madrigals, for
; ; :
Book XVn. 8th Book XVIQ. 9 Books 4 voices (Venice, 1570) 7 books of do., for
; ; ;
of Masses XIX. 10 Books of Masses 5 voices (ib., 1581, 1593, 159G, 1597, 1612,
;
XXIV. 15 Books of Masses XXVI. Three 1G13) Book of do., for G voices (1587) do.
; ; ;
Books of Litanies for 4, 5, G, and 8 voices, of motets, for 8, 12, and IG voices (ib.,
and six 12-part Motets and Psahns XX\T[I. 1595) Madrigals in several collections of; ;
35 Magnificats in 3 Books. XX\TII. 3, 4, the time. Fetis Riemann. — ;
5, and G-part Madrigals, 3 Books XXIX. PALLA\TCINO, CARLO, born at Bres-;
5-part Madrigals, 2 Books 15 Books of cia, Italy, in 1G30, died in Dresden, Jan.
;
Masses 3 Books of Lamentations in 4, 5, 27, 1G88.

; Dramatic composer, Vize-Kapell-
/7_ ' * ' /~' • and 6 parts 3 Books meister in Dresden, 1GG7
•> Kapellmeister ;
/W>wyi^^^>j^ of Litanies in 4 and in 1672 then lived for several years in ;
6 parts 2 Books of Magnificats in 4, 5, G, Italy, but fi'om 1685 again in Dresden

;
and 8 parts and a Supplement of miscel- as Kapellmeister of the new Italian opera.
;
laneous works, biograjihical data, and docu- Works Aureliano, Demetrio, Venice, 1666 :
ments, etc. —Baini, Memorie storico-critiche II tiranno umiliato d' amore, ovvero Meraspe,
della vita e delle opere di G. Pierluigi da 1667 Diocleziano, 1674 Enea in Italia, ; ;
Palestrina (2 Eome, 1828 German 1675 Galeno, 1676 H Vespasiano, 1678

vols., ; ; ; ;
translations by Kandler and Kiesewetter, H Nerone, 1679 Messalina, 1680 Bassiano, ; ;
1834) ; C. Winterfeld, Palesti'ina, seine ossia maggiore impossibile, 1682 Carlo,

il ;
Werke und deren Bedeutung fiir die Ge- ru d' Italia, 1683 R re infante, 1683 Li- ; ;
schichte der Tonkunst (Breslau, 1832) cinio imperatore, 1684 Recimero, re de' ;
Biiumker, Palestrina (Freiburg, 1871) ;

Vandali, 1685 Massimo Puppieno, 1685
; ;
Fetis, vi. ; Ambros, iv. 1. ; Clement, Mus. Penelof)e la casta, 1686 Didone delu-ante, ;
celubres, 7 ; Riemann ; Naumann, Italien- 1686 Amor innamorato, 1687 L' amaz-
; ;
ische Tondichter A'on Palestrina bis auf die zone corsara, 1687 Elmiro, re di Corinto, ;
GegenM-art
(?). / 1687 La Gerusalemme liberata, 1688
;
PALESTRINA, by Carl Loewe,oratorio, Antiope (finished by Strungk), Dresden,

written in 1841. It was performed by the 1689.— F6tis Mendel. ;
Berlin Singakademie in 1845. Wellmer, — PALîlA, SILVESTRO DI, born at Ischia,

Loewe (Leipsic, 1887). near Naples, about 1762, died at Naples,
PALIONE, GIUSEPPE, born in Rome, Aug. 8, 1834. Dramatic composer, pupil
Oct. 7, 1781, died in Paris, December (?), of Valenti and Fenaroli at the Conserva-
1819. Dramatic composer, pupil of Fonte- torio in Loreto, and afterwards of Paisiello.
maggi in Rome and of Fenaroli in Naples ;
j
Works La finta matta, Naples, 1791 La
: ;
went to Paris in 1805, and taught vocal pietra simpatica, ib., 1792 Gli amanti ridi- ;
74
;
PALME
coli, ib., about 1794 ; La sposa contrastata, Song Monarch (with L. 0. Emerson, 1874)
Turin, about 1797 ; II uaturalista immagina- The Song Herald (187G) Book of Anthems ;
rio, Florence, 180G ; Several others, given in (1879) The Sovereign (1879) Rays of
; ;
Naples. —Fetis. Concert Gems for ChorusesLight (1882) ;
PALME, RUDOLF, born at Barby, Prus- (1883) Book of Threnodies (1883) The ; ;
sian Saxony, Oct. 23, 1834, still living, 1890. Choral Union (1884) Concert Collection of ;
Organist of the Church of the Holy Ghost Choruses, 188G Book of Interludes, 1888 ;
;
at Magdeburg, and royal music director Anthems, glees, and part-songs. ;
pupil of August Gottfried Ritter. Works

PALOTTA, MATTEO, suniamed R Pa-
:
Sonatas, preludes, Conzert-Phantasie with normitano, born at Palermo in 1G80, died

male chorus, and many other compositions in Vienna, March 28, 1758. Church com-
for the organ Choruses for male, and poser, pupil at the Conservatorio di S. Ouo-
;
—
mixed voices, sacred songs, etc. Riemann. frio, Naples, about the same time as Pergo-
PALIMEN-SONNTAG MORGEN (Palm- lesi. He was ordained secular priest on
Sunday morning), for chorus, soli, and or- his return to Palermo, devoted himself to
chestra, text by Geibel, music by Ferdinand studies in part-writing and counteiiôiut,
HiUer, op. 102. Pubhshed by Rieter-Bie- and produced a valuable work entitled :
dermann (Leipsic, 18G0-67). Gregoriani cantus enucleata praxis et cog-

PALMER, HORATIO
RICHMOND, nitio ; a treatise on Guido d' Arezzo's Sol-
born, of American parentage, in Sherburne, misation and an instruction book on ;
New York, April 26, 1834, still living, 1890. church tones. In 1733 he was appointed
When nine years old he sang alto in a Hof-Kapellmeister in Vicuna was dis- ;
church choir, at seventeen was organist missed in 1741, and reinstated in 1749.
and choirmaster, and at eighteen began Works Masses in four and eight jmrts, :
composing. He studied thorough-bass and motets, etc., in the libraries of the court
harmony under his father, but
and the Gesellschaft der Musik-
is chiefly chapel
self-taught. He became professor of mu- freunde, Vienna. Mendel do., Ei-giinz., — ;
sic in the Academy, Rushford, New York, 324 Riemann Schilling. ; ;
then musical editor of the " Sunday School PALmiBO, COSTANTINO, born at
Teacher ;" in 18GG began editing the " Con- Torre Annunziata, Naples, Nov. 30, 1843,
cordia," a monthly journal of music in Chi- still living, 1890. Pianist, pupil at the
cago, where for six years he was chorister Conservatorio of Lanza and Russo, and in
in the Second Baptist Church. In 1874 he composition of Mercadante made a con- ;
removed to New York, where he still resides. cert tour in 18G4 through Italy, and in 18G7
He has lectured in nearly every State in the went to Paris, where he prolited by the ad-
Union, and has had several thousand pupils vice of Henri Herz and Plantc'. Having
under his instruction. In 1879 the Uni- appeared also in London as a vii'tuoso, ho
versity of Chicago gave him the degree of returned to Naples, where ho gave many
Doctor of Music. He has published many concerts, often performmg in company with
collections, containing most of his own com- Thalberg. In 1873 he became professor at
positions ; among them :
Works Maria Stuarda,
The Song Queen
the Conservatorio. :
(18G7) Sabbath School Songs (18G8) Nor- opera,

;
given at Naples, Tcatro San Carlo,
;
mal Collection of Sacred Music (1870, 200,- 1874 More than 70 compositions for the ;
000 copies sold) The Song King (1871, pianoforte.— Frtis, Supplement, ii. 2!)8.
;
200,000) The Standard (with L. O. Emer-

;
PA3IINGER (P a m i g o r u s), Li:( )X- m
son, 1872) Concert Choruses (1873) Songs HARDT, born at Aschau, Upper Austria, in
; ;
of Love for the Bible School (1874) The 1494, died at Passau, INFay 3, ir)(;7. Con-
;
Leader (with L. O. Emerson, 1874) The trapuntist, educated in the Monaatcry of

;
—
PAMPANI
St. Nicholas at Passau, where he became Santos and Pinto), ib., 1853 Nana Saib ;
secretary after completing his studies in (with Strebinger), Vienna, 1867. Inno a
Vienna in 1513-16. Maria Malibran, serenade for 4 voices and
Works Ecclesias- orchestra, Milan, 1834 Sextet for wind in-
: ;
ticarum cantionum struments Ai'ias and romances. Fetis ; — ;
4, 5, 6 et plui-ium do.. Supplement, ii. 299.
vocum, etc. (Nur- PANNAIN, ANTONIO, born at Naples,

e mber g, 1573) ;
Jan. 31, 1841, still living, 1890. Instru-
Others and vocal composer, pupil of Nicola
in several mental
collections of the Fornariui, his uncle. Woi'ks 4 masses, of ;
times. His three which 3 with orchestra Other church mu- ;
sons, Balthasar, sic ; 2 overtures for orchestra ; Pianoforte

Sophonias, and Sig- music, and songs. — Fetis, Supplement, ii.
ismund, were also composers. —Fetis ; Men- 299.

del ; Eitner, Bibl., 771. PANNY, JOSEPH, born at Kohlmitz-
PA:\IPxVNI, ANTONIO GAETANO, born berg. Nether Austria, Oct. 23, 1794, died
in the Romagna in the beginning of the 18th at Mainz, Sept. 7, 1838. Violinist, pupil of
centur}', died in Venice, February, 17G9. his father, and in theory of his grandfather,
Dramatic comjôser, maestro di cappella of an organist studied afterwards in Vienna, ;
the cathedral at Fermo until 1748, then di- where Paganini took a fancy to him (1824),
rector of the Venice Conservatorio. Mem- and invited him to join him on his future
ber of the Accademia Filarmonica, Bologna, concert tours. In Prague they separated
174G. "Works Operas — Anagilda, 1735 : and Panny went to Germany, gave concerts ;
Ai'taserse Longimano, 1737 La caduta d' in Munich (1828) and other cities, and set-
;
Amulio, 174G La clemenza di Tito, 1748 tled at Mainz, whence he made concert
; ;
Artaserse, 1750 II Vinceslao, 1752

; Astia- tours to Hamburg and Berlin in 1830, to
;
nasse, 1755 Demofoonte, 1764 Demetrio, Norway, Sweden, and England in 1831-32.
; ;
1768. Church music. Fetis. — Works 3 masses Requiem, for 3 voices, : ;
PANICO, MICHELE, born at Naples, 2 violins, 2 horns, and organ Several grad- ;
July 16, 1830, still living, 1890. Dramatic uals Cantatas Quartets Sonata for clar- ; ; ;
and church composer, pupil of the Conser- inet and pianoforte Violin music Cho- ; ;
vatorii at Naples and Milan. Works La ruses for male voices, and songs. Allgem. : —
figlia di Domeuico, opera, Naples, 1857 wiener mus. Zeitg. (1842), 448 Fetis N. ; ; ;
Stella, do., ib., 1859 Si e no, operetta, ib., Necrol. der D. (1839), i. 38
; Wurzbach. ;
1875 Mass with full orchestra, 1855 Other

;
PANOFKA, HEINRICH, born in Bres- ;
—
church music, and vocal melodies. Fc'tis, lau, Oct. 2, 1807, died in Florence, Italy,
Supplement, ii. 299. Nov. 18, 1887. Violinist, and professor of
PANIZZA, GLVCOMO, born at Castel- singing destined to the law by his father, ;
lazzo, Italy, May 1, 1804, died there, April, he took lessons on the violin from his sis-
1860. Dramatic composer, and vocal inter, a clever violinist learned the princi- ;
structor of considerable reputation, who ples of music from the cantor Strauch and
formed many excellent singers. Works his successor Foerster, plajêd at a concert
Operas Sono eglino maritati ?, Milan, at the age of ten, when his father, recogniz-
:
1827 La collerica, ib 1831 Gianni di ing his talent, sent him to study in Vienna
; , ;
Calais, Trieste, 1834 I ciarlataui, Milan, under Mayseder and Hoffmann, 1824-27.
;
1839. Ballets La rosiera : Merope (with He gave his first concert in 1827 left Vi-
; ;
Viviani), Milan, 1832; Faust (with Costa enna for Munich in 1829, and thence went to
and Bajetti), ib., 1848 Palmina (witli Berlin, and at last settled in Paris as violin-
;
7C
;
PANSEEON
ist. He played at the Conservatoire congi'eat charm as a composer was in his ro-
certs, studied vocal music and its practical mances, which acquired great popularity,
instruction under Bodogni, and with hiin and of which he published two hundred
established in 1842 an Acadcmie de Chant, between 1825 and 1840. His greatest
in imitation of the one in Berlin. Their merit Hes in his didactic treatises, which
project was not successful, as the Prince de were the outcome of his experiences as pro-
la Moskowa was then forming his Sociute fessor at the Conservatoire. L. of Honour ;
de Concerts. In 1844 Panofka went to Orders of Oaken Crown, and of the Red
London, and in 1847 was engaged by Lum- Eagle. Works : La gi-ille du pare, opt-ra-
ley as assistant at Her Majesty's Theatre at comique, Paris, Theatre Feydeau, 1820 Les ;
the time of Jenny Lind's visit. The Revo- deux cousines, do., ib., 1821 Le mariage ;
lution of 1848 obliging him to remain in difficile, ib., 1823 Lucole de Rome, Odc'on, ;
Loudon, he became widely known as a 1827 3 solemn masses 2 masses for 3 so-
; ;
teacher of singing, but returned to Paris in prani Requiem De profuudis Miserere for
; ; ;
1852, and settled at Florence in 186G. 4 voices Mois de Marie, motets and hymns
;
Works L' art de chanter, op. 81 (Paris)

: for 1-3 voices ; Pie Jesu ; Many fugues ;
24 vocalises progressives, op. 85 Abece- ; Fantaisies, nocturnes, and themes varies

daire vocal, 2d edition 12 vocalises d' ar-
; for pianoforte and flute. ABC
musical ;
tiste, op. 86 Erholung und Studium, op.

; Suite de I'A BC ; Solfege a deux voix Sol- ;
87 86 nouveaux exercices, op. 88

; 12 vo- ;
fege d'artiste ; Solfege sur la clef de fa ;
calises poiu' contralto, op. 89 12 Vokalisen

; Solfege d'ensemble a deux, trois et quatre
fiir Bass, op. 90 Works for violin and pi-
; voix, 3 parts Solfege du pianiste Solfuge
; ;
anoforte, and violin and orchestra, etc. Fe- — du violoniste ; Solfege concertant a deux,
tis Eiemann Mendel Schilling.
; ; ; trois et quatre voix, 3 parts ; 50 lerous de
PiiNSERON, AUGUSTE IklATTHIEU, achangements de clefs 36 do., suite
solfege ;
bom in Paris, April 26, 1796, died there, aux 50 leyons Methode complete de voca- ;
July 29, 1859. Vocal composer, professor lisation, 3 parts Douze etudes spe'ciales ; ;
of singing, and writer on music the son Traitc do I'harmonie pratique, etc.
; Fi'tis — ;
of a professor of music who scored many of do., SujDplement, ii. 300 Riemann Schil- ; ;
Gretry's operas, he entered the Conserva- ling, Supplement, 334.

toire in 1804, became pupil of Gossec in PANZINI, ANGELO, born at Lodi, Nov.
counterpoint, of Levasseur on the violon- 22, 1820, still Yixing, 1890. Pianist, pro-
cello, and harmony, winning fessor at the Conservatorio in Milan.
of Bertini in
prizes in these studies. He won, also, in Works La carita, cantata R brindisi, : ;
1813 the grand prix de Rome for his can- song with chorus Ai'iettas and other vocal ;
tata Herminie. He went to Italy, took music Grand sonata for pianoforte and ;
lessons in counterpoint from Mattel in harmonium Various pieces for do. do. ; ;
Bologna, lived in Naples and Rome several for pianoforte and flute Grand duo for ;
years, studying under the best masters, 2 flutes Nocturnes, caprices, mrlodics, ;
went to Germany, and was pupil of Salieri scherzi, etc. Fetis, Suppk'ment, ii. 'MO. —
in Vienna, and of Winter in Munich. In PAOLUCCI, Padre GIUSEITE, born at
1817 he became honoi'ary Kapellmeister to Siena in 1727, died at Assisi in 1777. Clnnvh
Prince Eszterhazy at Eisenstadt. After vis- composer and Franciscan monk, pui)il of
iting Prussia he returned in 1818 to Paris, Padre Martini at Bologna, then maestro di
where he taught singing and became ac- cappella successively in the convents of his
companist at the Opc'ra Comique, then in order at Venice, at Sinigaglia, and at Assisi.
1826 profcsscur de solfcge and in 1826 pro- Works: Preces pi.e, for S voices (2 clioirs),
fesseur de chant at the Conservatoire. His (Venice, 17(57) Other church music in MS. ;
; :
;
TAriLLONS
He is particularly noteworthy thi'ougli the near Florence, Aug. 1, 1847, still living,
publication of his Ai-te pratica di contrap- 1890. Virtuoso on the violin, pupil of Gi-
punto dimostrata con esempj di vari autori orgetti. He made his debut at the age of
(ib., 17G5-72).— Fetis. thirteen in Florence, playing Spohr's third
PA-PA-PAPAGENO. See ZanherflOte. concerto and was for several years leader ;
PAPILLOXS (Butterflies), a set of twelve of the Societa del Quartetto in that city.
short pianoforte pieces in dance form, by In 1874 he appeared in England at the
Schumann Nos. 1, 3, 4, G, and 8 Musical Union, and has since played at the
; op. 2.
were comjDosed in 1829, the others in 1831. old and new Philharmonics, and in 187G at
They were written in Heidelberg and Leiji- the Pasdeloup Concerts in Paris. Works
sic, and are dedicated to the composer's Concerto for violin ; do. for violoncello ;
sisters-in-law, Therese, Rosalie, and Emilie Exercices du mecanisme pour le violon

Schumann. The name indicates musical seul Amour, romance-nocturne A mon ; ;
ideas and phases, expressed from experi- etoile, romance sans paroles FeuiUes ;
ences of a thoughtful life, through which d'album, etc. Ai'rangements and tran- ;
they break as the butterfly from its chrysa- scriptions. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 312 —
lis. Schumann gives them a poetical mean- Grove Mendel, Ergiinz., 325. ;
ing by referring to the chapter of Jean PARADIES, PIETRO DOÎENICO,

Paul's " Flegeljahre," describing a masked born in Naples in 1710, died in Venice in
ball, or carnival, which the Papillons are 1792. Harpsichord player and dramatic
sujiposed to dej:)ict. The last bars of the composer, pupil of Porpora he went to ;
finale are inscribed with these words "The London in 1747, and lived there many :
noise of the Carnival night dies away. The years, teaching the pianoforte. Works
church clock strikes six." The PajDillons His best known operas are Alessandro in
may be regarded as a sketch for the more Persia, Lucca, 1738 H decreto del fato, ;
elaborate Carneval, op. 9, and in this work Venice, 1740 Phauton, London, 1747 Le
; ;
a passage is inserted from the Papillons, muse in gara, cantata, Venice, Conserva-
No. 1. The finales of both works contain torio de' Mendicanti, 1740 ; 12 senate di
the Grossvatertanz, which is the finale of op. gravicembalo (London ; 2d ed., Amsterdam,
2, and is treated contrapuntally with the 1770).— Fetis ; Grove ; Mendel.
subject of Papillon No. 1. Introduzione, PAEADIES UND DIE PERI, DAS
Moderato, in D ; I. In D H. Prestissimo, (Paradise and the Peri), cantata in three
;
in E-flat and A-flat ; IH. In F-sharp minor parts, for soli, choi'us, and orchestra, text
;
IV. Presto, in A ; V. In B-flat ; "M. In D from Moore's " Lalla Rookh," music by
minor VH. Semplice, in F minor and A-flat
; Schumann, oj). 50, first performed at the
Vin. In C-sharp minor and D-flat IX. ; Gewandhaus, Leipsic, Dec. 2, 1843, under
Prestissimo, in B-flat minor X. Vivo, in C, ; the composer's du'ection. This is Schu-
Pill lento in G and C XI. In D, Piii lento ; mann's first work for voices and orches-
in G, In tempo vivo in D XH. Finale in ; tra, and is one of his most important com-
D (Grossvatertanz), Pifi lento. PubUshed positions. It bears the same relation to

by Kistner (Leipsic, 1832). Breitkoi^f & the concert hall that Weber's Oberon does
Hiirtel, Schumann Werke,
No. 2. Serie \ii., to the stage. The text was chosen largely
— Wasielewsky, Schumann, 3d ed., 328 ;
from Emil Fechsig's ti'anslation of " Lalla
Keissmann, Schumann, 41 Maitland, Schu- ; Rookh," but Schumann added several num-
mann, 49 Wiener mus. Zeitg. (1832), No.
; bers to the third part. Characters rej^re-
26 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxv. GIG Grove,
; ; sented : A Peri (S.) ; an Angel (A.) ; the
ii. G45 iii. 408. ; King of Gazna (B.) Youth (T.)
; a a ;
PAPINI, GUIDO, born at Camaggiore, Horseman (Bar.) ; a Maiden (S.) and cho- ;
78
;
; :
PARADIS
ruses of Indians, Angels, Houris, and Genii lichen, a funeral cantata for the anniversary
of the Nile. The j)art of Narrator is sung of the death of Louis XM., Vienna, 1794
;
by the different voices and the chorus. Trio for pianoforte and strings Sonatas, ;
This work was first given in Dresden, Dec. variations, etc., for pianoforte ; Gennan
23, 1843 in Berlin, Feb. 17, 1847 in Dub-
; ; songs and Italian canzonets. Fetis Ger- — ;
lin, Feb. 10, 1854 ; in London, by the Phil- ber Mendel, viii. 15 Eiemann Schilling
; ; ; ;
harmonic Society, with Mme Jenny Lind Wurzbach.

Goldschmidt as the Peri, June 23, 185G at PAEADIS SOETI
; DU SEIN DE
the Theatre Italien, Paris, in December, L'ONDE. See Africaine.
18G9 ; and in New York by the Oratorio PAEADISE AND THE PEEI, fanta.sy-
Society in 187G. Published by Breitkopf &
overturo for orchestra, by William Stcrndalo
Hiirtel (Leijosic, 1845). Schumann Werke, Bennett, op. 42, written for, and first per-
Serie ix.. No. 1. Same title, cantata by formed at the Jubilee concert of the Phil-
John F. Barnett, Birmingham (England) harmonic Society, London, July 14, 1862.
Festival, Aug. 31, 1870. —
Eeissmaun, Schu- —Athenaeum (1862), ii. 89.
mann, 129 ; Maitland, Schumann, 85-87 PL0ER:\IEL, LE (The PARDON DE
130-131 Neue Zeitschr. xxvi. 71 Naumann Pilgrimage of Ploermel), French opera-co-
; ;
(Ouseley), ii. 1020 Concertwesen im Wien, mique in three acts, text by Jules Barbier
;
ii. 145 Signale (1858), 113 AUgem. mus. and Michel Carre, music by Meyerbeer,
; ;
Zeitg., xlv. 951 xlvi. 28 xlvii. 561, 585, first represented at the Ojiera Comiquo,
; ;
606, 617 lii. 210 Athenaeum (1844), 951 Paris, April 4, 1859. Original cast
; ;
(1855), 651 (1856), 816;

Grove, ii. 648 ;
iii. 416 Upton, Standard Oratorios, 273.

;
Dinorah (S.) Mme Cabel.
Ho('l (Bar.) M. Faure.
PAEADIS, MARU
THEEESIA VON,
Corentin (T.) M. Sainte-Foy.
born in Vienna, May 15, 1759, died there,
Feb. 1, 1824. Pianist and, although blind The scene is laid in the village of Ploermel,
from her fifth year, a skilful organist, pupil Brittany. On a certain day, when the in-
of Iiichter and Koiêluch, Salieri, and Ei- habitants of Ploermel make a pilgrimage to
ghini, and in composition of Friberth and the shrine of the Virgin, Hoel, a goatherd,
the Abt Vogler. She became a protegee and Dinorah, his betrothed, go to receive a
of the Empress Maria Theresa, her god- benediction. A storm arises and destroys
mother, and went in 1784 to Paris, where she Dinorah's house. Hoel, resolving that she
played at the court concerts and Concerts shall not sufi'er by the loss, and acting on a
Sjoirituels, and at the then newly founded wizard's advice, leaves Ploermel in quest of
Professional Concerts. She visited London a treasure which is guarded by the Kori-
in 1786, thenBrussels and the most im- gans, fays of Brittany, and spends a year in
portant German courts, and on her return the forest in solitude. Dinorah, believing
to Vienna played at the concerts of the that her lover has abandoned her, becomes
Tonkiinstler Societat. Mozart wrote a con- mad and wanders about with her goat, seek-
certo for her, and a fi'iend invented a system ing him. The opera begins at this point.
of notation for her so that she took up com- After a rustic chorus, Dinorah entei-s and
position. Towards the close of her life she sings a slumber song to her goat, "Dors,
devoted herself to teaching singing and the petite, dors tranquille." Soon Hoi'l arrives,
pianoforte. Principal works: Ariadne and and goes to the house of a bagjiiper, Corent-
Bacchus, melodrama, Vienna, 1701 Dcr ; in, to whom he tells the story of the treasure.
Schulcandidat, operetta, ib., 1792 Rinaldo ; Dinorah is seen in the distance, and the act
und Alcina, fairy opera, Prague, 1797 closes witli a trio. The second art begins
Deutsches Monument Ludwiff's dcs Unprliick- with a drinking-song by the wood-cutters.
79
PARENTI
When they leave the stage, Dinorah enters the title of "Dinorah." It was represented
and begins a pathetic air but seeing her in Italian at Covent Garden, Loudon, under
;
shadow in the inoonHght, she dances to it, Meyerbeer's direction, July 26, 1859, with
singing meanwhile the famous aria, " Ombre Mme Miolan-Carvalho as Dinorah Si- ;
K'gere," or " Shadow Song," a polka ma- gnor Gardoni, Corentin and Signor Grazi- ;
zurka, which is frequently given at con- ani, Hocl. It was given at Covent Garden
certs. The next scene is in the Val Maudit, in English, Oct. 3 of the same year, with
where Hocl and Corentin are searching for Miss Pyue, Mr, Santley, and Mr, Harrison.
the Korigans' treasure. Dinorah is heard It was first represented in New York with
singing, and from her words Corentin learns Mile Cordier as Dinorah. Published by
that Avhoever touches it first will die. He Brandus & Dufour (Paris, 1859) by Bote ;
refuses to continue the quest, and Hoel, & Bock (Berlin, 18G0).— Clement et La-
who sees Dinorah, believes her to be a spirit. rousse, 511 Mendel, Meyerbeer, 80 Revue ; ;
et Gaz. mus. de Paris (1859), 117, 125, 133,

349 Athenffium (1859), i. 522 ii. 151,
; ;
473 Upton, Standard Operas, 153 Hans-

; ;
lick, Moderne Oper, 161.

P.mEXTI, FRANCESCO PAOLO
(MAURIZIO), born in Naples, Sept. 15,
1764, died in Paris in 1821. Dramatic and
church composer, pupil, at the Conserva-
torio della Pieta de' Turchini, of Tarantia,
Sala, and Traetta went to Paris in 1792, ;
and was accompanist and chorus-master at

the Italian opera there in 1802-3. "Works
— Opex-as : Le vendemie, Venice, about
1784 matrimonio per fanatismo, 1785;
; II
about 1785 II re pas-

I viaggiatori felici, ;
tore, about 1787 Nittcti, Venice, about ;
1788 Artaserse, about 1789 Les deux por-

; ;
traits, Paris, 1792 L'homme ou le malheur, ;
ib., 1795. Masses and motets alia Pales-

Desirle ArtSt.
trina, and other church music. Fetis. —
PARIDE ED ELENA (Paris and Helen),
She from the bridge into the torrent
falls Italian opera in five acts, text by Calzabigi,
and rescued by Hoel, who takes her back
is music by Gluck, first represented in Vi-
to Plot-rmel. In the last act Dinorah's rea- enna in 1709. This work was written af-
son returns, and she goes with Hoel to the ter Alceste and Orfeo, and continued the
chapel, while a procession is seen in the dis- reformation begun in those operas. The
tance wending its way to the shrine. The story is from the Iliad ; but Elena is made
overture is a retrospect, and is unique in Queen of Sparta, and the betrothed, in-
having interpolated a chorus, which sings stead of the wife of jMenelaus. Characters
behind the scenes a chant to the Vii'gin. represented King of
: Paridc, son of Priam,
The role of Dinorah, one of the most fan- Troy Queen of Sparta (S.)
(S.) ; Elena, ;
tastic and charming of ligbt soprano Erasto (Amore, the god of love), (S. Pal- ) ;
parts, has been sung with success by Ade- lade (Pallas), the goddess (S.) ; a Trojan
liua Patti, Lma de Murska and Dc'siree (T.) ; and chorus of Trojans and Spartans.
Artut. The opera is given in Italian under The opera closes with a ballet. Among the
bo
—
PARIS
best numbers are : The Overture in C ; tlie '
pentier, Paris, about 1700 by T. Bertin ;
ballet music in A minor ; and Paride's first de la Due, text by 'Mile Barbier and Pelle-
three arias, " O del mio dolce ardor," in G grin, ib., June 21, 1718 by Franz Hor- ;
minor " Spiagge amate, ove talora," in zizky, Reinsberg,

;
about 1790 opOra-co- ;
F and "La bella immagine," in F minor.

; mique,by Laurent de Rille, text byAlbyand
I
The score was dedicated to the Duke Gio- Commerson, Paris, Feb. 11, 1859 La belle ;
vanni di Braganza, and published by Tratt- by Offenbach, ib., Dec. 17, 18C4 Hc-lene,
;
ner (Vienna, 1770). The overture was re- La belle Htlcnc dans son menage, by
scored by Hans von Billow, and published Georges Rose, ib., 1867 baUet by Muhul, ;
by Peters (Leipsic, ISGi). He added two ib., 1793, and cantata by Saliori, ib., 1787.
clarinets in C, two horns in F, and a bass Operas in German Paris und Helena, text :
tz'ombone, to the original score, which re- by David Schirmer, composer of music un-
quired strings, two flutes, two oboes, two known, Dresden, Dec. 2, 1650 by Johanu ;
bassoons, two trumpets, two horns, and David Heinichen, Leipsic, 1709 by Peter ;
I
drums. A new edition of the opera in von Winter, Munich, 1780 Der Raub dor ;
jDianoforte score, by H. M. Schletterer, was Helena, baUet by Josef Weigl, Vienna, ^May
published by Peters (Leipsic, 18GJ:) and a 16, 1795 Paris und Helena, ballet by J.
;
1
;
new edition of the ballet music, by Carl N. Hummel, about 1810 Der trojanische ;
Eeineche, by Breitkopf & Hilrtel (Leipsic, Krieg (second part of Die schune Helena),
1882). Other operas on the same subject by W. Homann, text by Sch«»bel, Hamburg, ;
in Italian II ratto d' Elena, by Virgilio Puc- August, 1867 and music to Euripides's Hc-
:
;
I
citelli, Dantzic, 1634 by Francesco Cirillo, lena, by Louis KOliler, about 1860. Operas
; .
text by Geuuaro Paolella, Naples, IGoo in English The Judgment of Paris, masque,
;
:
Elena, regina di Sparta, by Cavalli, Venice, by Congi-eve, music by Purcell, Eccles,

1G59 n Paride, text and nnisic by Gio- Weldon, and Finger, London, Mai'ch 11,
;
vanni Andrea Bonterapi, Dresden, Nov. 3, 1701 new music, by Dr. Ai-ne, ib., 1740 ; ;
1GG2 Elena rapita da Paride, by Giovanni opera, by F. H. BartlK'lemon, ib., 1770 and
; ;
Domenico Freschi, Venice, 1G77 L'amorosa a ballet, by D. Steibelt, ib., 1804.— Marx,
;
preda di Paride, by G. B. Bassani, Bologna, Gluck und die Ojêr, i. 39G-433 ii. 377 ; ;
1G84: ; H giudizio di Paride, by Pollarolo, Schmid, Ritter von Gluck, 135-154 Bitter, ;
Venice, 1G99 by Gianettini (Zanettini), Reform der Opcr durch Gluck, 256 Rciss-
; ;
about 1710 by K. H. Graun, text by Vil- mann, Gluck, 129 AUgem. mus. Zcitg., xiv.
; ;
lati, Berlin, June 25, 1752 by Valentino 632 (1864), 849, 865, 869.
; ;
Fioravanti, about 1803 II giudizio di PARIGI, O CARA. See Tmviala.

;
Paride corretto della giustizia, serenata, P.ARIS, CLALDE JOSEPH, born at Ly-
text by L. N. music by P. R. Bal-
Cilni, ons, March 6, 1801, died in Paris, July 25,
dasari, Vienna, July 10, 1707 Helena, ossia ; 1866. Dramatic composer studied first in ;
la forza deU' amore, text and music by his native city, thenwas pupil of Lesueur
Eeinhardt Keiser, Hamburg, 1700 Paride ; at the Conservatoire, Paris, where ho won
in Ida, text by Mazzari, music by Coletti the second grand prix in 1825, and tlie first
and Carlo Monza, Venice, 1709, revised by in 1826. Ho then studied two years in
Mendozzi as Le due rivali in gara, Padua Rome and Naples, returned to Paris, thou
and Bologna, 1719 Le uozze di Paride, by
; to Lyons, and about 1835 became cliof
Galuppi, Venice, 175G II Paride, by Pietro ;

d'orchestro at the Theatre du Pantlu'on,
Casella, Naples, 1806 and Elena in Troja, ;
Paris. L' alloggio militaro. opera
Works :
Italian operetta by Roberto d' Alessio, Na- butla, Vienna,1829 La veilK'e, Paris, Ope- ;
ples, January, 1875. Operas in French, Le ra Comi(jue, 1831 Le cousin de Denise, ;
jugement de Paris, by Marc Autoiue Char- ThOatre Beaumarchais, 1849 ballet, TLc- ;
m
;
PARISE
atre de la Porte Saint-Martin, 1825 ; Her- PARISH-ALVARS, ELI AS, born at
minie, cantata, 1826.— Fetis ; do., Supple- Teignmouth, England, Feb. 28, 1808, died
ment, ii. 304. in Venice, Jan. 25, 1849. Virtuoso on the
PAEISE, GENNAKO, born at Naples harp and pianist, pupil of Dizi, Labarre,
during the last years of the 18th century. and Bochsa became one of the most dis- ;
Church composer, pupil of his father, but tinguished performers on the harp visited ;
formed himself chiefly by studying the Germany in 1831, and played at Bremen,
works of the great masters. He became ma- Hamburg, and other places with great suc-
estro di cappella at the cathedral and several cess. After visiting Milan, he went in 1836
other churches of Naj^les, and in 1851 profes- to Vienna, where he remained two years
sor at the Royal College of Music. Works travelled in the East in 1838-42, and on his
:
Masses with orchestra Do. alia Palestrina return gave concerts in Leipsic, and visited
; ;
Do. for 3 voices, with organ Short masses Berlin, Frankfort, Dresden, Prague in 1843,
;
and vespers, with organ and harp Requiem and Naples in 1 844. In 1846 he went to Leip-
;
with full orchestra 2 do. alia Palestrina 3 sic, where his association with Mendelssohn
; ;
complete vespers with all the psalms, do.; improved his composition, and in 1847 he
Other psalms with full orchestra Dixit, settled in Vienna and became chamber mu-
;
Credo, Te Deum, etc., hymns with orches- sician to the Empez'or. Works 2 concertos :
tra, or oi'gan, or alia Palestrina. Fetis. —

for harp and orchestra Concertino for two ;
PARLSER SDsFONIE, for orchestra, in harps and orchestra Fantasias, transcrip- ;
D, by Mozart, first performed at the Concert tions, romances, and melodies, for harp and
Spirituel, Paris, June 18, 1778, with great orchestra, harp and pianoforte, etc.; March
success. L Allegro assai ; H
Andantino for harp Voyage d'un harpiste en Orient, ; ;
HL Allegro. The opening phrase of the a collection of airs and melodies poiûlar in
first movement was written with regard to Turkey and Asia Minor. Grove Fetis — ;
;
the "premier coup d'archet," for which the Mendel Wurzbach. ;
Paris orchestra was famous. Legros, by PARISIAN BACCHANALE. See Tann-

whom Mozart was commissioned to wiite liduser.
the symphony, wished him to insert a PARISIENNE, LA, French revolutionary
lighter movement in place of the Andan- song, text by Casimir Delavigue, music by
tino. Mozart acquiesced, and the sym- Brack, supposed to have been written in
phony in its new form was played in Paris, 1757, at the time of the siege of Harburg.
Aug. 15, 1778. It is one of the compos- The music was transposed by Auber, who
er's most fully scored symphonies, and is composed for it additional bars of instru-
usually given as originally written. It was mental accompaniment. It was first sung
performed at the Crystal Palace, London, in public at the Theatre de la Porte Saint-
March 15, 1873. The autograph, in pos- Martin, Paris, Aug.2, 1830, and at the Aca-
session of Andre (Offenbach), was published demic Royale de Musique, Paris, Aug. 4,
by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie 1830, during a representation of La muette
viii., No. 31. A second symphony is said to de Portici, by Adolphe Nourrit, who sang it
have been written b}' Mozart in Paris at every evening for several months, and it
that time and first performed there, Sept. was greatly omng to him that it became
18, 1778, but the score of this has been popular. The subject is the triumph of
lost. —Kochel, Vei'zeichniss, No. 297 An- ; the Orleauist party. Of late years a con-
dre, Verzeichniss, No. 127 ; Jahn, Mozart, troversy has arisen regarding its origin.
ii. 287 ; Nissen, Mozart, Geh- The air, which is bold and martial, was pre-
i. 377, 385 ;
ring, Mozart, 76 Mozart's Letters (Lady viously introduced into Le baron de Trenk,
;
Wallace), i. 208 Grove. ;

a comedie-vaudeviUe in two acts, by Scribe
82
:
PARISINA
and Delavigne, Paris, Oct. 4, 1828. Henri PARKER, HENRY, bom in London,
Herz wrote variations on this air, op. 58, Aug. 4, 1845, still living, 1890. Instru-
published by Schott (Mainz, 1830).— Grove, mental and vocal
ii. G49 Larousse Revue et Gaz. mus. de composer, pupil at
; ;
Paris (April 9, 1849). Leipsic of Moscholes,

PAEISINA, overture for orchestra, in Richter, and Plaidy,
F-sharp minor, to Lord Byron's poem of and in Paris of Le-
the same by William Sterudale Ben- fort. Works: Pa-
title,
nett, op. 3, composed in 1834-35, and first mela, gavotte for or-
performed in Leipsic, in March, 1837, and chestra Clarissa, ;
at the London Philharmonic in 1839.

for do. It
Do- minuet ;
was given at the Euterpe Concert, Leipsic, rothea, sarabande,

Feb. 1, 1876. Published by Kistuer (Leip- do. Pavanne de ;
sic, 1876). Guise, do. Imogen, do. Dance of Sirens,

; ;
PARISINA, Italian opera in three acts, do. ; 400 songs and pianoforte pieces.
text by Romani, music by Donizetti, first PARIvER, HORATIO WILUAM. born,
represented at the Pergola, Florence, March of American par-
18, 1833. The story is from Byron's "Pa- ents, at Auburn-
risina." Azzo, Duke of Ferrara, who has dale, Massachu-
put his wife, Matilda, to death, marries setts, Sept. 15,
a young and beautiful woman, Parisina, 1863, still living,
who loves Hugues, a young soldier who has 1890. Organist
won renown under Ernest, the Duke's gen- and composer,
eral. Hugues, victor in a tournament, is pupil from 1877
crowned by Parisina, who betrays her af- of his mother, an
fection for him. On making this discovery, accomplished mu-
Azzo has the two arrested and sentenced to sician, then in
death. Ernest reveals to him that Hugues Boston of Stephen
is his child, whom Matilda left in his charge. A. Emery in har-
Although Azzo hates this son, he revokes mony and pianoforte, of John Orth in piano-
the sentence and orders him to be banished. forte, and of George W. Chadwick in compo-
The order comes too late, for at the moment sition. In 1880 he was organist of St. Paul's,
when Parisina makes her last prayer Ernest Dedham, Mass., and in 1881 of St. John's,
appears, and, drawing a curtain, discloses Boston Highlands. In 1882 he went to
the corpse of Hugues, upon which Parisina Munich, where he studied for three years the
falls dead. Original cast organ and composition under Josef Rhein-
berger, and conducting under Ludwig Abel.
Parisina (S.) IMlle Ungher. In 1885 his cantata, King Trojan, was suc-
Hugues (T.) M. Duprez. cessfully given in Munich. On his return
Azzo (B.) M. CoseUi. to America in the same year he became pro-
fessor of music at the Cathedral Schools of
This opera was Theatre St. Paul and St. Mary, Garden City, Long
given at the
Italien, Paris, Feb. 24, 1838, with Grisi, Island in 1886 he became organist and ;
Rubini, and Tamburini in the cast. Pub- choirmaster at St. Andrew's Church, Har-
lished by Ricordi (Milan). —
Clement et lem, New York, and in 1887 resigned his
Larousse, 512 Revue et Gaz. mus. de position in St. Paul's, but retained that in
;
Paris (1837-38), 101 AUgem. mus. Zeitg., St. Mary's School in 1K8S became organist
;
;
xxxvii. 465. and choii-mastcr at the Church of the

PAJIKER
Holy Trinity, Madison Avenue, New York. Harmony (1855) Theoretical and Practical ;
Works: Concert overture, in E-flat, given Harmony (1870).

in Munich, 1884 Psalm xxiii., for female
;
PARKER, LOUIS NAPOLEON, born at
cliorus, organ, and harp, ib., 1884 Ro- Calvados, France, Oct.
;
mance for chorus and orchestra, ib., 1884 21, 1852, still living, ;
Symphony in C major, orchestra, ib., 1885 ;

1890. Pianist ; studied
Kegulus, heroic overture, ib., 1885 ; Kimj in Italy, France, and

Trojan, ballad for chorus or orchestra, ib., Germany, and from
1885 String quartet in F major, Garden
;
1870 at the Royal Acad-
City,188G Der Normanuonzug,
;
ballad for emy of Music, London,
male chorus and ox'chestra. New York, 1889 ;

under Harold Thomas,
Chamber music Organ and pianoforte mu-
;
AVal wor th Banister, ,
sic; Songs and part-songs for male, female, Steggall, Cusins, and
and mixed voices. Stemdale Bennett. In 1874 he was elected
PARKER, JAÎES CUTLER DUNN, an Associate of the Royal Academy of Mu-
_^-. born, of Amer-
sic, and ho has been since 1877 director
ican parentage, of music in the King's School, Sherborne.
in Boston, Mas- "Works Silvia, dramatic idyl, text by Sew-
:
sachusetts, June ard Mariner (Walter Raymond), for four

2, 1828, still liv- solo voices, chorus, and small orchestra,
ing, 1890. Or- 1880 ; Psalm xxiii., motet for female voices ;
ganist; was The Wreck of the Hesperus, trio for female

g r a d u ated at voices, text by Longfellow Cantato Do- ;
-i^ Hai-vard Col- mino and Deus misereatur Overtures for ;
;'
lego in 1848, orchestra (MS.) ; "Violin music ; Pianoforte
and began to music ; Songs.
study law, but PARLAR, SPIEGAR. See Mo^^ in
soon gave it up for music, and, after prelim- Egitto.

inary study in Boston, went in 1851 to Eu- PARÎENTIER, CHARLES JOSEPH
rope and studied, in Leipsic, the pianoforte THEODORE, born at Barr (Bas-Rliin),
under jMoscheles and Pluidy, harmony vin- March 14, 1821, still living, 1890. Ama-
der Hauptmann, and composition under teur composer, general in the French army,
Rietz and Richter. In 1854 he returned to where be served with distinction in the
Boston and soon took a prominent place as corps of engineers, and took part in the
organist, leader, and instructor. In 18G2 he campaigns in tlie Crimea, 1855, Italy, 1859,
organized the Parker Club, an amateur vo- and France, 1870-71 was wounded at ;
cal association which gave classical works Worth, and taken prisoner at Sedan. He
with success. He has been organist of the is the husband of the violin virtuoso Te-
Handel and Haydn Society, and for the past resa Milanollo. Works : Grande polonaise
twenty-four years organist and choir direc-de Weber, for orchestra 2 polkas for do.; ;
tor of Trinity Church, Boston and has4 pieces and fugue for organ ; 96 preludes
;
held a professorship in the College of Mu- and versets, do. Nocturnes, barcarolles, ca- ;
sic connected with the Boston University. prices, etc., for pianoforte Choruses for 4 ;
"Works: Redemption Hymn, for contralto male voices Romances German songs and ; ;
solo and choinis, written for the fourth trien- Balladen. — Fi'tis ; do., SuppK-ment, ii. 304.
nial festival of the Handel and Haydn Soci- PARNASSO CONFUSO, IL (Parnassus
ety, May 17, 1877 The LV/^^/King, cantata, in Confusion), fcsta teatrale in one act, text
;
188G ; Church music. Didactic Manual of by Metastasio, music by Gluck, first repre-
:
; ;
PARNASSO
sented in the palace of Sclionbruiin, Jan, PAPRATT, W.VLTER, bora at Hudders-
23, 17G5, on the wedding day of Joseph 11. field, Yorkshire, England, Feb. 10, 1841,
and Maria Josejoha which
of I3avaria, for still living, 1800. Organist, pupil of his
occasion both the text and music were father, Thomas Parratt (organist at Hud-
wi-itten. The Archduke Lcopohl conducted dersfield),and in London of George Cooper.
and accompanied the play on the clavecin. Organist at Armitage Bridge Church, 1852 ;
The part of Apollo was sung by the Prin- St. Paul's, Huddersfield, 1854-00 at Wit- ;
cess Amalia, and the Three Graces, by Eliz- ley Court, Worcestershire, 18G1-G7 Wigan ;
abeth, Charlotte, and Josephine. -Marx, — Parish Church, 18G8-71 Magdalen College, ;
Gluck und die Oper, i. 335 Schmid, Rittcr ; Oxford, 1872 81 appointed to St. George's
;
von Gluck, 115. Chapel, Windsor, in 1882, vice Sir George

P.ARXAS80 IN FESTA, Italian serenata Job Elvey. In 1873 he became ilus. Bac,
by Handel, first represented at the King's Oxford, and in 1883 profes.sor of the organ
Theatre, London, March 13, 1734, in honour in the Royal College of Music. Works :
of the marriage of the Princess Anne with Music to Agamemnon, given at Oxford,
the Prince of Orange, which took place on 1880, and to The Story of Orestes, Prince's
the following day. The royal family was Hall, 188G ; Anthems Songs Organ music.
; ;
present at the first performance ; the work PARRY, CHARLES HUBERT HAST-
was repeated several times. was given INGS, born at Bournemouth, Feb. 27, 1848,
It
without dramatic action and one gayly still living, 1890. Instrumental and vocal
in
decorated scene, representing Mount Par- comjDOser, educated at Eton and Christ
nassus, with Apollo and the Muses seated, Chiu-ch, Oxford pupil of Elvey, and in ;
celebrating the marriage of Peleus and Stuttgart of Pierson in London, of ^lac- ;
Thetis. The work contains only thirteen farren and Dannreuther. Mus. Bac, 1870 ;
new airs, the rest of the music being ta- Mus. Doc, Oxford do., Cambridge (hon- ;
ken from Handel's oratorio, Athaliah, which orary degree), 1883 professor at Royal ;
had not been heard in London at that College of Music choragus of Oxford Uni- ;
time, and to which he afterwards added sev- versity: professor of composition and mu-
eral new airs from the Parnasso in Festa. sical history in Royal College of Music.
Characters represented Apollo (S.) Orfeo Works: Scenes from Shelley's "Prometheus
: ;
(S.); Clio (S.) Calliope (8.)

; Cloridc (A.) Unbound," for soli, chorus, and orchestra,
;
Eurilla (A.) EuteiiDC (A.) Protco (B.) and Gloucester Festival, 1880 jNIusic to " The
; ; ; ;
chorus of nymphs and shepherds. At the Birds " of Aristophanes, Cambridge, 1883 ;
close of the wedding ceremony, March 1-4, Judith, oratorio, Birmingham Festival,
the choir sang an anthem, "This is the 1888 Ode for chorus and orcliestra Guil- ; ;
day," with orchestral accompaniments, the lem de Cabcstanh, overture. Crystal Pal.ace,
music of which was selected by Handel 1879 Symphony in G, Birmingham, 1882 ; ;
from Athaliah, the Parnasso in Festa, and do. in F, Cambridge, 1883 do. in C, Phil- ;
tlie seventh Chandos Anthem. Tlie MS. liarmonic Society, London. May 2.3, 18S9 ;
conducting score of this and of the Par- Suite moderne, Gloucester Festival, 18Sl> ;
nasso in Festa are in the Public Library, Concerto for pianoforte and orchestra ;
Hamburg. In each the nuisic is in Smith's Nonet for wind instruments (Quartet for ;
handwriting and the text in Handel's. The pianoforte and strings; 2 trios for dn.
Parnasso in Festa was published by the (Quintet for strings (Quartet for do. So- ; ;
Hiindelgesellschaft, Breitkopf «fc Hiirtel nata for pianoforte and viohn 2 sonatas for ;
(Leipsic, 1878). —
Chrysandcr, Hilndel, ii. pianoforte and violoncello S(niataa for pi- ;
319, 358 ; Schoacher, 'Hiindel, 1G3 ; liock- anoforte ;

Duo for 2 jiianofortcs ; O Lord,
stro, 201 ; Burney, iv. 371. thou hast, cantata ; IMorniug and Evening
86
:
PARRY
Service 3 Odes of Auacreon Cbarakter- 1871 under Stemdale Bennett, Garcia, and
; ;
bilder, for pianoforteSongs, etc. Grove

;
—
A bronze medal was awarded
;
Eiemaun Crystal Palace

;
Programmes him in 1870, a silver
(1878-79), 523. one in 1871, and in the
PARRY, JOHN, born at Denbigb, Nortb same year his overture
Wales, Feb. 18, 177G, died in London, April to the Prodigal Son
8, 1851. Clarinet player and tcaclier, com- was given at the Acad-
poser of songs and dramatic music. He emy. In 1871-78 he
received his earliest education from a danc- was professor of music
ing master, joined the band of the Den- at the University Col-
biglishire became master
militia in 1795, lege at Aberystwith,
in 1797, resigned in 1807 settled in Lon- ; in 1879-86 principal
don as teacher of flageolet. He was en- of the Music College
gaged in 1809 to compose songs for Vaux- of Wales at Swansea, and since then has been
hall Gardens, and adajjted English words professor at Cardiff University. Mus. Bac,
to many Welsh melodies. He composed Cambridge, 1871; Mus. Doc, ib., 1878.
the music for the extravaganzas. Harlequin Works Blodwen, opera, Aberdare, and Al- :
Hoax, 1814 Oberon's Oath, 1816

;
and exandra Palace, London, 1878 2 other op-
; ;
High Notions, 1817 and wrote both text eras (MS.) Emmanuel, oratorio, St. James's
: ;
and music for Fair Cheating, 1814 Help- Hall, London, May 12, 1880 2 other ora-
; ;
less Animals, 1818 ; Two Wives, 1821 My ; torios (MS.) ; 6 overtures ; Symphony for
Uncle Gabriel, etc. He also adajDted music full orchestra ; Anthems ; Druids' Choi'us,
for Ivanhoe, 1820, and Caswallon, a tragedy, 1888, and other cantatas 400 songs Piano- ; ;
1829. He was many yiaars conductor of forte music, etc. Grove Riemann.
for — ;
the Cymmrodorion and Eisteddvodan, or PARSIFAL, a festival stage-consecration

Congresses of Welsh bards, held in various play in three acts, text and music by Rich-
places in Wales received in 1821 the de- ard Wagner, first represented at Bayreuth,
;
gree of Bard d Alaw, or Master of Song. July 26, 1882, with the following cast
He was author of An Account of the Rise
Amfortas (Bar.) Herr Reichmann.
and Progress of the Harp An Account of ;
Titurel (B.) Herr Kindermann.

the Royal Musical Festival held in West-
Gurnemanz (B.) Herr Scaria.
minster Abbey in 1834, of which he was sec-
Parsifal (T.) Herr Winckelmann.
retary. Was musical critic for the " Morn-
Klingsor (B.) Herr Carl Hill.
ing Post " from 1834 to 1848. He published
Kundry (S.) Frau Materna.
also a collection of Welsh melodies under
the title of the " Welsh Harper." Grove —
The action takes place in and near the
;
Fetis Riemann, 67(5 Mendel.

; ; Castle of Monsalvat, Spain, where the Holy
PARRY, JOSEPH, born at Merthyr-Tyd- Grail is kept, and whence came Lohengrin,
vil, Wales, May 21, 1841, still living, 1890. sou of Parsifal (called Parzival in Lohen-
Dramatic comjioser, son of Daniel Parry, grin),in his swan-boat, to the rescue of
who removed to the United States in 1853. Elsa of Brabant. The Holy Grail, the
Joseph returned in a few years, and after crystal chalice used by Christ at the eu-
receiving some instruction in music at his charist and in which Joseph of Arimathea
native place went back to America, where he caught the Saviour's blood after the lance-
continued his studies. In 1868, through thrust, is in charge of the Knights of the
the aid of Brinley Richards and others, he Holy Grail, who derive from it all their
was enabled to enter the Royal Academy of sustenance, physical as well as spiritual.
]\lusic in London, where he studied until In order to share in the benefits to be de-
8C
—
PAESIFAL
rived from its adoration, the Knights are some knights, and starts nut in search of
required to lead lives of purity. Amfortas, adventure, armed only with his bow and
their king, who has fallen from this estate, arrows. He shoots a swan in the vicinity
is suffering from a wound received in an of the Castle of the Grail, where all animals-
encounter with the magician Klingsor. are sacred, and when questioned by Gurne-
Klingsor, v/ho aspired to become a Knight manz, one of the Knights of the Grail, ap-
of the Grail but had been rejected, studied peal's to be unaware that he has committed
the magic arts and created for himself a any wrong. In hope that he may prove to
fairy palace at the foot of the mountain on be der reine Thor, he is led into the great
Avhich stands the castle, peopling it with hall of the castle and permitted to witness
beautiful women to tempt the Knights of the adoration of the Grail. Parsifal is be-
wildered at the splendour of the holy vessel,
which glows with ever-increasing light, and
at the ceremonial, but acknowledges that
he does not understand the rite and is
ignominiously cast out. The second act is
in the palace and gardens of Klingsw, who,
recognizing Parsifal as the promissd re-
deemer, turns all his magic powers against
him but Parsifal overcomes wicked knights
;
sent against him and is proof against the

fascinations of the tlower-maidens who seek
to seduce him. Kundry, who leads a dual
life — in the service of the Knights of the
Grail as well as in that of the sorcerer
also fails ; but Parsifal, who spurns her,
learns from her kiss the meaning of all that
has taken place, and demands to be led to
Amfortas, She, declaring he shall never
find the way to the castle, summons Kling-
sor, who hurls the sacred spear at Parsifal.
It remains, suspended in the air, and Parsi-
fal, grasping it, makes with it the sign of tho
and the enchanted palace disappears
cross, ;
Winckelmann, as Parsifal. and Kundry are left alone in a

Parsifal
desert, and while she sinks to the ground
the Grail- Kundry, one of these women, he turns from her to seek the Castle of tho
beguiles Amfortas, who falls into the power Grail. In the third act Parsifal, after wan-
of Klingsor, and loses the holy spear —
the dering for years, at last meets Gurncmanz,
spear with which the Saviour's was now an old man living as a hermit in tho
side
—
pierced receiving from it a forest, where Kundry is serving him.
wound which Gur-
will never heal until the coming of " dcr ncmanz, recognizing the sacred spear,
hail.s
reineThor" (the guileless fool), appointed him king, and Parsifal, after l)!iptizing
as tho
to cure him. Parsifal (whose name Wagner Kundry, is led to :\Ionsalvat just
announce the funeral of Titn-
derives from two Arabic words signifying tolling bells
" foolish pure-one "), who has been reared by rcl, father of Amfortas. Parsifal heals tho
toucliiiig it with tho
his mother in ignorance of the world, has wound of Amfortas by
his chivalric nature aroused by sight of spear, and, while
Kundry dies in tlie joy of
b7
PARSONS
repentance and the others kneel in homage, 318; (1884), 317, 326; (1888), 887, 399;
proclaims himself King of the Grail and Mus. Wochenblatt (1882), 313, 325, 337,
raises on high the chalice amid the joyful 357, 369, 395, 606 (1883), 369, 386 (1884),; ;
chants of the knights. Parsifal, like Lo- 457, 469 Signale (1882), 641 Athenaeum
; ;
hengrin, is founded on the Ai'thurian legend (1882), ii. 151, 183 (1884), ii. 633 Acad- ; ;
of the Holy Grail, and follows, with some emy (1882), ii. 91, 109; (1888), ii. 169;
changes, the metrical romance of "Parzi- Krehbiel, Review (1885-86), 159 Grove, ;
val," by Wolfram von Eschenbach. The iv. 364 Upton, Standard Operas,
; 308.
poem of Parsifal was published by Schott PAllSONS, ALBERT ROSS, born, of
(Mainz, 1877) ; the sketch of the lirst act was American parentage, in Sandusky, Ohio,
completed in the spring of 1878, the second Sept. 16, 1847, still living, 1890. Organist
act, Oct. 11, the third, April, 1879, and the and pianist; he studied in 1854-56 the
orchestration was finished at Palermo, Jan. pianoforte under Robert Denton in Buffalo,
13, 1882. The Vorspiel was first performed in 1863-66 the pianoforte and theory under
privately by the Meiuingen orchestra, un- Dr. F. L. Ritter in New York, and in 1867-
der the composer's direction, at Bayreuth, 69, at the Leipsic Conservatorium, piano-
Christmas, 1878. It was given sixteen forte under Moscheles, Reinecke, Wenzel,
times at Bayreuth in 1882, and was repeated and Pappcritz, and counteqôint and fugue
in 1883, 1884, 188G, and 1889. It was sung under E. F. Richter and Oscar Paul. The
as an oratorio by the Eoyal Albert Hall following year he studied in Tausig's High
Choral Society, London, Nov. 10 and 15, School for Pianists, in Berlin, pianoforte
1881:, and bj' the Oratorio Society of New under Tausig, and harmony, counterpoint,
York, March 4, 188G. Full score published and fugue under C. F. Weitzmann, and
by Schott (Mainz, 1882) pianoforte score, in 1871, in the same city, at Kullak's Ncav
;
by Joseph Ilubinstein (ib., 1882). English Academy of Music, pianoforte under Kul-
translation by H. L. and F. Corder (ib., lak and composition vmder Richard Wiierst.
1882). —Wagner, Gesammelte Schriften, x. On his return to America he settled in New
417; Pohl, Wagner, 323; Nohl, Wagner York, where he has since resided. He has
(Upton), 159 Wolzogen, Leitfaden durch occupied the following positions 1861-62,
;
:
Parsifal ; Bartsch,
Parcifal (1870-72) organist of Third Presbyterian Church,
;
Brachvogel, Parcival (Berlin, 1877) Wolf- Indianapolis

; 1863-66, organist of First;
ram von Eschenbach, Parcival aus dem Baptist Church, ludianaiDolis 1873, px-inci- ;
Mittelhochdeutschen von San-!Marte (A. pal of department of instrumental music

Schulz, Leijjsic, 1858) Wolfram von Esch- in New York Institute for the Blind 1874-
; ;
enbach, Parcival Fragmente vom Titurel 79, organist of First Reformed Episcopal
und Willehelm und Lieder-Lachmann Church, New York 1875, editor of " Ber-
; ;
Wolfram von Eschenbach, Parcival Epos ham's Musical Review " 1877, editor of
;
;
Carl Simrock, Parcival, dritte Auflage (1857); " The Orjiheus," New York 1879-85, or- ;
Eichberg, Parsifal (Leipsic, 1882) Mayer- ganist of Church of the Holy Trinity, New
;
Markau, Parsifal (Magdeburg, 1882) :\Iax York since 1885 organist of Fifth Avenue
; ;
Gutenhaag, Parsifal (Leipsic, 1883) All- Presbyterian Church, New York. In 1889
;
gem, deutsche mus. Zeitg. (1877), No. 49 ;

he was elected president of the !Music
Bayreuther Bliitter (1878), 95, 119, 222 ;
Teachers' National Association. He is
(1879), 12, 47, GG, 106 (1881), 112, 181,
;
the translator and editor of the follow-
206, 238, 272, 342 (1882), 189
; (1883), 57,
;
ing: Wagner's " Beethoven," Lessmann's
264 (1884), 97 (1885), 27 (1886), 41, 69,
; ; ;
" Liszt," Kullak's " Complete Works of
103; (1888), 277; Neue Zeitschr. (1882), Chopin," Holliinder's " Complete Works of
301, 341, 353, 361, 429, 471, 527 (1883), ;
Schumann," and other works of iniiôr-
;
PARTAGEZ-VOUS
tance ; and has edited and annotated many chapel of S. Marco, where he succeeded
pieces for instructive purposes. His orig- Legreuzi as second maestro di cajipella, iu
inal compositions include songs, vocal quar- 1G85. Shortly after this he founded the
tets, etc. philharmonic society, and in 1G90 was made
PAETAGEZ-VOUSMESFLEURS. See director of the Conservatorio de' Mendicanti
riamlct. in 1G92, maestro di cappella at S. :\rarco.
PARTANT POUR LA SYRIE, French Works— Operas Genserico, Venice, 1GG9 :
;
song, text by Count Alexandre de Laborde, La costanza trionfante, 1G73 Dionisio, ;
music by Queen Hortense, written in 1809. 1G81 Flavio Cuniberto, ;1G82. Much
It was suggested by a picture which the church music. Ft'tis. —
Queen showed Count Laborde, representing PARTENOPE, Italian opera in three acts,
a knight cutting an inscription on a stone text by Silvio Stampiglia, music by Handel,
with his sword. Louis Napoleon took his first represented at the King's Theatre, Lon-
mother's melody for a national air when don, Feb. 24, 1730. The original score, in
he ascended the throne of France in 1853, Buckingham Palace, is dated at the end of
and it was arranged for military bauds. the first act, Jan. 14 at the end of the opera, ;
Drouet claims to have had a share in its Feb. 12, 1730. Besides the overture there
composition, and a claim has been made for are in this work four siufonie short in- —
Narcisse Carbouel, Queen Hortense's accom- strumental interludes and many beautiful —
lâuist. Dussek wrote variations for the j)i- arias. The ai'ia, " Furibondo spira il veuto,"
anoforte in E-flat on this tune. —
Grove has been published with additional accom-
;
Larousse INIlle Cochelet's (Mme Parquin) paniments by Robert Franz (Kistner, Leip-
;
Memoires sur la Reine Hortense, i. 45 sic). Burney considers this one of Han-
;
Masson, La Lyre fran(;aise, lOG. del's best operas. Original cast Par- :
PART DU DIABLE, LA, opc'ra-comiquo tenope, Queen of Parthenope (Naples), and

iu three acts, text by Scribe, music by lover of Ai'sace (S.), Signora Strada Ros- ;
Auber, first represented at the Opera Co- mira. Princess of Cyprus and lover of Arsace
mique, Paris, Jan. 16, 1843. Subject, Philip (A.), Signora Merighi Ai-sace, Prince of ;
V. of Spain, who after the death of his son Corinth, once lover of Rosmira, now of
had fallen into a state of despair and melan- Partenope (C), Siguor Bernacchi Armindo, ;
choly, and is restored to health by the power Prince of Rhodes, lover of Partenope (A.),
of music through the singing of Farinelli Signora Bertolli Emilio, Prince of Cuma, ;
(Carlo Broschi), whom the Queen employs lover of Partenope (T.), Signor Fabri Or- ;
for this purpose. Afterwards Farinelli plays monte, captain of the guards of Partenope
the part of Satan in order to win Philip's (B.), Signor Riemschneider and chorus of ;
consent to the union of a young student, soldiers and people of Naples. The opera
Rafael d' Estuniga and Caselda, Farinelli's was given only seven times during the first
sister, with whom the King also is in love. season, but it was revived the following
Mme Rossi-Caccia sang the part of Farinelli year and received seven more representa-
in the original cast. The opera was given tions, when several alterations were made,
in Berlin and Leipsic in 1843. Published especially iu cutting tlio recitatives. I'ar-
by Schott (Mainz, 1843).-Ck'ment et La- tenope was translated into German by H.
rousse, 514 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xlv. 801.
;
Wend, and represented in Hamburg with
PARTENIO, GIOVANNI DOMENICO, recitatives by Reinhard Kciser in 1733.
died at Venice in 1701. Dramatic and Published by Walsh Hiind.-lgesellsohaft. ;
church composer, of a family from Friuli, Breitkopf i^' Hihtel (Leipsic. 1879). Other
who bad settled at Venice. He became a Italian operas of the same title : By C.al-
priest, and was at first a singer in the ducal (lara, Venice, 1707 ; by Luca Antonio Pro-
89
;
PASCAL
dieri, Bologna, 1719 ;by Sarri, IMetastasio's in Rome, Nov. 22, 1710. Organist, pupil
text, Naples, 1722 ; by Porpora, ib., about of Loreto Vittori and
Antonio Cesti, but
of
17-42 ; by J. A. Hasse, Vienna, 17G7 ; a formed himself chiefly by studying the
dramatic cantata by Kossini, Naples, May works of Palestrina went to Rome when
;
9, 1819 ; and Partenope, by Cordelia, Na- quite young, and became organist at S. M.
—
about 1830, Clirysander, Hiindel, ii.
ples, Maggiore later received the title of organ-
;
237 Burney, iv. 344^349.

;
ist to the Senate and the Roman jDCople,
PASCAL, FLOKIAN. See Williams, and was also chamber musician to Prince
Joseph. Borghesc. AVorks Dov' e amor c pieta,
:
PASCAL, PROSPER, born in France opera, Rome, 1G79 Allegorical drama, ib.,
;
about 1825, still living, 1890 (?). Dramatic 1G8G La forza d' amore, opera La sete
; ;
composer, and musical critic. Works Lc : di Cristo, oratorio Toccates et suites pour
;
roman de la rose, given in Paris, Theatre le clavecin (Amsterdam, 1704) Organ mu- ;
Lyrique, 1854 La nuit aux goudoles, ib,,

; sic Saggi di contrappunto (1G95). Fetis
; — ;
18G1 Le cabaret des amours, Oi)era Co- Mendel Schilling.

; ;
mique, 18G2 Fleur de lotus, Baden-Baden,

; PASSACAGLIA, a work for the organ, in
18G4 Les Templiers, grand opera. Les C minor, by Johann Sebastian Bach, written
;
chants de la veillce, collection of vocal in Weimar between 1717 and 1723. Its
melodies. —
Fctis, Supplement, ii, 305. form, a dance-form, consisting of a short
PASMORE, HENRY BICKFORD, born, theme on a ground bass elaborated with
of English parentage, in Jackson Township, contrapuntal devices, was a favourite one
Wisconsin, June 27, 1857, still living, 1890. with the organ and harpsichord composers
Organist began the study of music in of the 17th and 18th centuries. The work
;
San Francisco when twenty years old, was published by the Bachgesellschaft,
pupil on the organ and in harmony of John year xv., Orgelwerke, vok i. The first cho-
P. Morgan, and in singing of S. J. Morgan. rus of the cantata, Weinen, Ivlagen, Sorgen,
In 1882 he went to Leipsic, and studied Zagen (Bachgesellschaft, year ii,, Kirchen-
harmony and composition under S. Jadas- cantaten, ii.. No. 12), contains a passacaglia
sohn and C. Reinecke, and singing under the theme of Avhich is again used in the
Frau Unger-Haupt then, in London, sing- cantata, Jesu, der du meine Seele (Bach-
;
ing under William Shakespeare and R. H. gesellschaft, year xviii., vol. viii.. No. 78).
Cummings, On his return to America he Other noted passacaglias are by Buxtehude,
settled in San Francisco, where he is organ- Frescobaldi (Toccate d' Intavolatura, vol.
ist of St. John's EpiscojDal Church also i,), and by Handel (Suite vii. and Sonata
;
professor of vocal music in University of iv, of VII. Sonatas or Trios). There are
the Pacific, San Jose'. Works Conclave also passacaglias in Gluck's operas, and
:
March, for orchestra, performed at Sinfonie- some curious examples in Salvatore Maz-
Conzert, Leipsic, 1883 Overture to Miles zella's "Balli, Correnti, Gighe, Gavotte,
;
Standish, performed at Leipsic Conserva- Brande, e Gagliarde, con la misura giusta

torium concert, 188-4 Suite for organ and per ballare al stile Inglese " (Rome, 1G89).
;
string orchestra Tarantelle for pianoforte

; Spitta, Bach, i. 27G ii. 234, G50
;
—
Spitta, ; ;
Kyrie from Mass in F Mass in B-flat Bach (Bell), i, 279 ii. 405 iii. 170 Grove,
; ; ; ;
Rainy Day, Sechs Liedcr, Sea Song, Stars ii. GGl Schtt'lcher, Handel, 174. ;
of the Summer Night, Those Evening Bells, PASSARINI (Passerini), Padre FRAN-
Among the Heather, and other songs also, CESCO, born at Bologna during the first
;
part-songs for male voices, half of the 17th century, died there in 1G98.
PASCÛINI, BERNARDO, born at Massa Church composer, Franciscan friar, was ap-
di Valnevola, Tuscany, Dec. 8, 1637, died pointed maestro di cappella in the convent
90
;
PASSION
of his order in lGo7, and resumed that posi- John, Hamburg, 1704. The autogi-aph in
tion after having fulfilled the same functions the Kunigliche Bibliothek, Berlin, was ed-
at Viterbo in 1G74-80. Works Salmi cou- ited by Chrysauder and published l)y the
:
ccrtati a 3-G voci con (Bologna, Hiindelgesellschaft, Breitkopf & Hiirtel

violini, etc.
1G71) Antifone della Beata Vergine a voce (Leipsic, ISGO).

; Chrysander, Hiindel, i. —
sola (ib., 1G71) Compieta concertata a 5 88-102, 427-449 Rockstro, 32, 101 Sch..l-
;
; ;
voci, con violini obligati {ib., 1G72) Misse cher, 45 Maitland, GO Winterfeld, Dor
;
; ;
brevi a otto voci col' organo (ib., 1G90). evangeliche Kirchengcsang, iii. 128, 1G4,
—Fetis. 179, 195 ;Athenscum (1872), i. 215.
PASSION, German oratorio, text from PASSION— nach dem Evangelisten Mat-
Barthold Hermann Brockes's poem, "Der thiius, in two parts, text selected from the
filr die Siinden der Welt gemartete und Bible, St. Matthew, chapters xxvi. and
sterbende Jesus," music by Handel, first xxvii., by Picander (Christian Friedrich
performed in Hamburg in 1717. This, Henrici) and J. S. Bach, music by Johann
Handel's only German oratorio, was written Sebastian Bach, first performed at St.
during his visit to Hamburg with George I. Thomas's Church, Leipsic, Good Friday,
It is different in treatment from his other April 15, 1729. This surpasses all other
oratorios and shows the influence of Keiser works on the same theme. The text, con-
and Steffani. Characters represented Ma- : tained in Picander's " Scherzhaft'te und sa-
ria, Drei Mllgde, Tochter Zion, and Gluu- tyrische Gedichte " (vol. ii., 101), is writ-
bige Seele (S.) ; Judas, Johannes, Jacobus, ten partly in the dramatic and partly in
Kriegesknecht, and Gliiubige Seele (A.) the epic form. An Evangelist, the prin-
Evangelist, Petrus, and Gliiubige Seele (T.) cipal tenor, relates certain events but ;
Jesus, Caiphas, Pilatus, Hauptmann, and Christus, Petrus, Pilatus, and other persons
Gliiubige Seele (B.) and chorus. The work
; speak in the words assigned to them in the
contains a sinfonia, arias, recitatives, and Bible. The arias and choruses, called Soli-
choruses. The duet between Maria and loquia; at the time of their composition,
Jesus, " Soil mein Kind, mein Leben ster- are meditations and expressions of sorrow
ben, Ja icli sterbe dir zu gut," was worked upon the events acted and narrated. The
over for the duet in Esther, " Who my
double choruses of fanatical Jews, or loving
calls
parting soul from death. Awake my my
disciples, in the dramatic form, are in intri-
soul,
life, my breath," and the Daughter of Ziou's cate part-writing. The congregation was
aria, Die ihr Gottes Gnad' versaiimet, was expected to join in the chorals, repre-
again used in the air, "In Jehovah's awful senting the voice of the entire Christian
sight," in Deborah. The original MS. is lost, Church, and the sermon was delivered be-
but several autograph transcriptions are ex- tween the parts of the oratorio. Part I.
tant, two in Buckingham Palace, two in the treats of the conspiracy of the High Priests
Royal Library, Berlin and one, partly in ; and Scribes ; the anointing of Christ ; the
Johann Sebastian Bach's handwriting. It institution of the Lord's Supper the pravt-r ;
was first published by the Hiiudelgesell- on the Mount of Olives and the betrayal
;
schaft, Chrysander's edition, Breitkopf & by Judas. Part II., of the hearing before
Hiirtel (Lcipsic, The same poem Caiaphas Peter's denial Pontius Pilate's
18G3). ; ;
was set by Rheinhard, Keiser, Hamburg, judgment; Judas's death; the progress to
1704:;by Gottfried Heinrich Stoelzel, Prague, Golgotha ; and the crucifixion, death, and
1715 by Telemanii, Hamburg, 171G and
; ;
burial of Christ. The music is written for
by Mattheson, ib., 1718. Handel wrote alsotwo choruses, each with its separate or-
chestra and organ accojiipaiiiiiiciit, l)nt in
a Passion cantata, in two parts, on Postcl's
version of the Passion according to Saint the less dramatic numbers and chorals they
;
PASSION
are combiuecl into one choir. The open- (year iv.), edited by Julius Eietz and re-
ing double chorus, "Kommt ihr TiJchter, by Breitkopf & Hiirtel
vised by W. Ilust,
helft mir Klageu," sung by the Daughters by Novello, with an intro-

(Leipsic, 1854) ;
of Zion and believers, has the addition of duction by Macfarren (London) edition by ;
a third choir, Soprano ripieno, which sings Julius Stern, by Peters (Leipsic, 18G0-G7)
the choral melody, " O Lamm Gottes un- and with additional accompaniments by
schuldig," one of the finest numbers in the Robert Franz, by Breitkopf & Hilrtel (Leip-
work. All of the solos by biblical persons, sic, 18G0-G7) and by Leuckart (Leij^sic, ;
excepting the false witnesses, are supiôrted 18G0-G7).

by the first chorus. The Evangelist and Bach left five settings of the Passion, the
other speakers sing in recitativo secco, most important of which, next to the jMat-
and Jesus is accompanied by the strings. thaus, is the Passion nach dem Evangelisten
Among the fourteen chorals the one, " O Johannes, in two parts, first performed at
Haupt voU Blut und Wunden," occurs five St. Nicholas's Church, Leipsic, Good Friday,
times, each time with new words and har- Ajiril 7, 1724. This is supposed to have
mony. The work was revised by Bach and been written at Cothen in 1723. The text
extended into its present form and given was selected from the Bible by Bach, who
about 1740-41. The original score is in the adojited some verses of Brockes's Passion
Kijnigliche Bibliothek, Berlin, which also poem for the arias. It is written for a
possesses a copy in Bach's autograph. An- single chorus with orchestra and organ ac-
other copy is owned by the Berlin Singaka- companiment. Several of the chorals set
demie, and one, in Kirnberger's writing, is to Stockmanu's hj'mn, "Jesu Leiden, Pein
in the Joachimsthal Gymnasium, Berlin. und Tod," are in Bach's most exquisite
The oratorio was revived by Mendelssohn, style, and the arias are among the finest that
and first given under his direction by the he ever wrote. The work originally opened
Singakademie, Berlin, March 11, 21, and with the chorus, " O Mensch bewein deiu
21, 1829. The solo singers were Herr Siinde gross, " which Bach afterwards cut out,
Stumer, the Evangelist Herr Devrient, transposed from E-flat to E, and inserted
;
Christ Herr Bader, Herr Busolt, Mme into the Matthew Passion, when he revised
;
^[ilder, Mme Tiirrschmidt, Frl. Blanc, and it in 1740, and it closed with a choral
Frl. von Schiltzel. This work was first given chorus, " Christe du Lamm Gottes," now
in Breslau, April 3, 182U in Dresden, the last number of the cantata, Du wahrer
;
April 3, 1833 selections in Paris, Jan. 12, Gott.

; It treats of the betrayal of Jesus
1840 in Vienna, 18G2 in London, by tlie by Judas Peter's denial the scene with
; ; ; ;
Bach Society, under W. S. Bennett's direc- Pilate the cries of the Jews for the cruci- ;
tion, Ajiril G, 1854 in St Martin's Hall, fixion

; the division of the garments the
; ;
March 23, 1858 at St. James's Hall, Feb. agony of the cross and a final Requiem.
; ;
15, 1871 at Westminster Abbey, April 13, This work was first given in Berlin, March
;
1871, and March 28, 1872 and it is fre- 21, 1833 in London, under Mr. Barnln',
; ;
quently given during Passion week, and at March 22, 1872. The oldest copy of the
the musicial festivals in England. It was original score is lost, but one of Bach's
first given in America by the Handel and later copies is in the Konigliche Bibliothek,
Haydn Society, Boston, May 8, 1874 and Berlin, This was edited by W. Rust for
;
by the Oratorio Society, New York, March the Bachgcsellschaft (year xii.), and pub-
18, 1880. Published by Schlesinger (Ber- lished by Breitkopf it Hartel (Leipsic,
lin, 1829) French translation by Maurice 18G2).
;
Bourges, ib. (Paris, 1844) by Trautwein Between the writing of the first and sec-
;
(Berlin, 1829) by the Bachgcsellschaft ond parts of the St. John Passion, Bach is
;
92
;;
PASSION
supposed to have composed another Passion by three Deacons, but in 1585 Vittoria made
oratorio on a text by Picandcr, written for a polyphonic setting of words uttered
by
Good Friday, 1725. The music is lost but the crowd, Turljii-, wliich, intermingled with
the text remains. The Pilule narrative is the chants of the Deacons, were so elTec-
recited by an Evangehst, and the characters tive that they were continued in use. Pub-
represented are Christ, Peter, John, and lished by Gardano (Home, 1585). Portions
Mary. There are no dramatic choruses, of this were puljlislied by K. Builcr (Lon-
and only two chorals are introduced. don). Francesco Suriano also made a po-
The Passion nach dem Evangelistcn Lucas lyphonic setting for four voices of these
is supposed by some authorities to be the words, his last work (Pome, 1G19), included
earliest of Pach's compositions
on this theme. in Proske's " jMusica Divina " (vol. iv.). Tlie
It is thought to have been written for (iood old (;hurch form of the Passion contained a
Friday, 1733, but the King Elector of Sax- dramatic germ which developed into the
ony died in that year and there was a gen- Mystery and Miracle plays, originally per-
eral mourning. It is supposed that Pach set formed in the churches, and some valuable
the work aside, finished it in 1731, and gave specimens of the music to these plays are
it at St. Thomas's Church on Good Friday extant. The Passion music borrowed its
of that year. There are only eight lyric form from the contemporary sacred drama,
numbers, but there are thirty-one chorals, and the German Passion music, which
among which Johann Flittncr's hymn, " Je- reached its climax with Bach, was devel-
su meines Herzens Freude," occurs many oped through these old forms and the in-
times. The authenticity of this work is, fluence of the Italian oratorio into a sin-
however, more than doubtful, and many gular compound, both simple and intricate.
excellent authorities, among them Men- S. Gregory Nazianzcn (330-390) Avas the
delssohn and Robert Franz, have denied it first to arrange the history of the Passion
altogether. It has been published by H. in a dramatic form. In the IGth century
Durffel (Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Leipsic and the German text came into general use.
Brussels, 1887). Sec Prieger, Echt oder The principal settings are by Jakob Obrecht,
uuecht? (BerKn, 1889). 1538, in Georg Phau's collection, " Harmo-
The Passion nach dem Evangelisten Mar- nise selectjc quatuor vocum de Passionc
cus, in two parts, was first given in St. Domini " (Wittenberg, 1538) Orlando di
;
Thomas's Church, Leipsic, on Good Friday, Lasso, for five voices (Pafrociniiini Musicos,
1731. The text, which is by Picander, is vol. iv., Munich, 1575) Jakob Reiner (1559-
;
thought to have been adapted to the music, (?) IGOG), three Passions (Proske's Library) ;
written originally for the Traucr-Ode on Johann AValther, St. Matthew and St. John,
the Electress of Saxony (1727). Five lyric 1530, from the four Gospels, in German,
pieces are preserved in this ode (Bachge- 1552 Balthasar Eesinarius, 1541 a MS.
; ;
sellschaft, year xiii.). Royal Library, Vienna, Meissen,

in the
The earliest known Cantus Passionis is 1559 Antonius Scadelhis, about 15()0
;
a solemn Plain Chaunt INIelody, which was Clemens Stephani, text b}- ]3ucliau, Nurem-
handed down by tradition, a version of berg, 1570 Ludwig Daser, Munich, 1578 ; ;
which was published at the instance of Jakob Galhis, copy in Krmigsberg. 1587 ;
Pope Sixtus v., by Giudetti, under the title, Bartholomiius CJesc, 1588, i)ul)lish('d in F.
"Cantus Passionis Domini Commer's "Musica Sacra," vol. vi. (Berlin)
ecclesiasticus
secundum Matthnoum, Three Passions after INfattliaus in IMatl.
nostri Jcsu Christi
Marcum, Lucam, ct Johannem " (Home, Ludecus's Vesperalo o i\[attutinalc, 1589 ;
1580). From tlie beginning of the 131h Johann IMachol.l, l-^rfuvt, 15!)3, MS. in Ku-
century until the IGth the I'assion was sung nigsberg ; Melclioir Vulpius, 1G13 ; Tli.
;; ;
I'ASSIO]^
Mancinus, 1G20, reprinted in Schoberlein's text by Metastasio, ib., April 4, 1730 ; same
Schatz des liturgischen Clior und Gemein- text by Gius. Vonturelli, Modena, 1735 La ;
degesangs, part ii., 362 Cliristoph Deman- virth appie della croce, by J. A. Hasse,
;
tius, Freiburg, 1G31, copy of MS. in Pirna Dresden, 1737 I pellegrini al sepolcro, ib., ;
Cliristopli Scbultz, Lcii)sic, 1653 Heinricb 1742 La deposizione della croce di Gesti
; ;
8cli(itz, Siebeu Worte des Erlusers am Cbristo, text by Pasquiui, Dresden, 1744
Kreuz, 16-45, pubbsbcd by Riedel (Leipsic, same title, by Ad. Scbiirer, ib., 1755 by ;
1870) Historia des Leidens und Sterbens J. Gottfried Naumann, ib 1769 by Ign.
; , ;
unsers Herrn und Heilandes lesu Christi Holzbauer, Mannboim, 1773 La morte di ;
(1605-66) ; Giovanni Sebastiani, KOnigs- Cbristo, by Jos. Mysliweczek, about 1775 ;
berg, 1672, MS.

KOuigsberg Johanu by Ant. Salieri, Vienna, 1776
in by Josef ; ;
Theile, Liibeck, 1673 Funcke, Liineburg, Scbuster, Dresden, 1778 by Luc. Xavier
; ;
1683, MS. in Liineburg; J. C. Rotlie, dos Santos, Lisbon, 1783 by Giovanni Pai- ;
Sondersbausen, 1697, MS. in Sonders- siello, Warsaw, 1784, Bologna, 1790 G. ;
bausen Reinbardt Keiser, text by Hunold, Andreozzi, Naples, 1792 S. Mayr, Forli,
; ;
Der blutige und sterbende Jesus, Ham- 1794 Die sieben worte des Erlusers am ;
burg, 1704 on Brockes's text, ib., 1712

; Ki-euz, Vienna, by Haydn, 1798 I pelle- ; ;
Handel, text by Postel, ib., 1704; text grini al sepolcro, J. G. Naumann, Dresden,
by Brockes, ib., 1716 Tbe 3Ie.mah, Dublin, 1798 by Gius. Niccolini, Naples, 1799 by
; ; ;
1741 Gottfried Heinrich Stoelzel, Prague, Dom Cercia, about 1800 Christus am Oel-
;
;
1715 Telemann, Hamburg, 1716

; Mar- berge, by Beetboven, 1815 by F. PaOr, ;
;
kus-Passion, 1725 Mattbeson, Hamburg, about 1810 by Pietro Raj, Monza, 1807
;
; ;
1718 Jobann Kubnan, LeijDsic, 1721 by Josef Weigl, text by Carpani, Vienna,
;
Kramer, Ai-nstadt, 1735 Karl Heinricb 1811 by F. Morlaccbi, Dresden, 1812 by

; ; ;
Graun, Der Tod Jesu, text by Ramber, Ber- Micbael Costa, Naples, 1827 by Josef ;
lin, 1756 by J. F. Doles, same text, Leip- Eisner, Warsaw, 1844 and Franz Liszt,
; ;
sic, 1759 Karl Philipp Emanuel Bacb, Clwistus, Rome, 1867. Spitta, Bacb, ii.
; —
22 Passions Cbristopb Ebregott Weinlig, 307-400; do. (Bell), ii. 477-569; Bitter,
;
Leipsic, 1780; J. H. Rolle, 8 Passions, Bacb, i. 315-423 Mosewius, J. S. Bacbs ;
1780 J. Abr. P. Scbulz, Cbristi Tod, Co- Mattbiius - Passion musikaliscb - iistbetiscb
;
penbageu, 1792 J. G. Scbicbt, Die Feier dargestellt (Berlin, 1852) Winterfeld, Der
; ;
der Cbristen auf Golgotba and Das Ende evangelicbe Kircbengesang, iii, 364 Bit- ;
des Gerecbten, Leipsic, 1785 F. Scbneider, ter, Gescbicbte des Oratoriums, 198 Poole,
; ;
Gotbsemane und Golgotba, 1838 E. F. Bacb, 88 La Mara, Mus. Studienkopfe, iv. ;

;
Ricbter, Cln-istus der Eloser, Leipsic, Marcb 104; Grove, ii. 540, 663; Allgem. mus.
8, 1849 and Friedricb Kiel, Berlin, 1874. Zeitg., xxxi. 234, 258, 601 xxxiii. 265, 285,
; ;
Oratorios Cbristo al limbo and La morte 302 XXXV. 257, 294, 323 Berliner mus.
:
; ;
del giusto, by Giac. Perti, Bologna, 1698 Zeitg. 1829), 65, 73, 79, 89, 97, 121 (1830), ; ;
La morte di Cbristo, by Ant. Gianettini, 105, 153, 157 Neue Zeits., xiv. 99 xviii. ; ;
Vienna, 1704 La morte vinta sul Calvario, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 85 (1887), 374, 558
;
; ;
by M. Ant. Ziani, text by P. A. Bernardoni, Hanslick, Concertweseu in Wien, ii. 242 ;
il)., 1706 and La passione nell' orto, by Hensel, Tbe Mendelssobn Family, i. 170
;
;
tbe same, ib., 1708 La passione di Cbristo, Atbenicum (1854), 469; (1858)^ i. 409;
;
by Attilio Ariosti, ib., 1709 Cbristo nell' (1872), i. 409 Bitter, Emanuel und Friede-
; ;
orto, by J. J. Fux, text by Pariati, ib., 1718 mann Bacb, i. 274 Vierteljabrsscbrift fiir ; ;
La deposizione della croce di Gesii Cbristo,

Musikwissenscbaft (1888) iv. 471 Monats- ;
by tbe same, ib., IVIarcb 23, 1728 La pas- befte fiir Musikgescbicbte, iii. 97 v. 77; ; ;
sione di Gesu Cbristo, by Antonio Caldara, xi. 71, 87; Ai'rey von Dommer. Handbucb
•j-j
:
TASSIONE
der mus. Gescliichte, 243 Reissmann, Ge- are contained in Play ford's " Musick's Hand-
;
scliicLteder Musik, ii. 18G3 Sebastiaui, maid " (1G78), and in Crotch's " Specimens
;
Kurze Nacbricht wie die Passion, etc., ge- of Various Styles of Music," where the air
suugeu wird (1G86), in the Eoyal Library of is called a Siciliana. This title is given also
Kunigsberg. to short orchestral movements in other ora-
PASSIONE DI GESU CRISTO, LA, torios by Handel.— Rockstro, Handel, 55,
oratorio in two parts, test by Metastasio, 237 Schalcher, Handel, 281 Grove, ii. G71.
; ;
music by Salieri, first performed by the PASTOR FIDO, IL (The Faithful Shep-
Tonkiinstler Vienna, in 1777. herd), Italian opera in three acts, text by
- Societat,
Same text, by Caldara, Vienna, Giacomo Rossi, music by Handel, first re^)-
oratorio
1730 and German translation, music by resented at the Queen's Theatre, London,
;
Eberhn, at the Convent of the Benedictines, Nov. 2G, 1712. The subject was taken from
Salzburg, 1755, a pastoral by Battista Guarini, represented
PASSIONE, LA, symphony, in F minor, and published in Venice in 1590. Tbe
by Haydn, supposed to have been written greater part of the original autograph has
in 1773. L Adagio IE. Allegro di molto been lost but fragments of the second and
; ; ;
ni. Menuet IV. Presto.

; Rieter-Bieder- third acts, and the final chorus, dated Lon-
—
mann's Catalogue, No. 1. Pohl, Haydn, ii. don, Oct. 21, 1712, are in the second vol-
2G5. ume of " Songs and Sketches in Bucking- "'
PASTORALE EN MUSI QUE, LA, ham Palace, where the conducting score,
French opera, text by the Abbe Perrin, mu- with the excejation of the overture, may be
sic by Cambert, first represented privately found. Several of the airs were used again
at Issy, April, 1G89. It was the first French for later ojêras, and many oboe passages in
ojiera. —
Clement et Larousse, 51G. the aria, "Ritorna adesso Amor con la Spe-
PASTORAL SYIMPHONY. See Sinfonia ranza," were introduced into the overtui'e to
pastorale. Esther. Original cast
PASTORAL SYMPHONY, a short com-
Mirtillo (S.) Cavaliere Valeriano.
position for strings, in Handel's Messiah,
Amarilli (S.) Margarita do rKpine.
inserted to introduce the scene of the
" Shejiherds abiding in the fields." This
Eurilla (S) La Pilotti Schiavouctti.
Silvio (A.) Signor Valcntini.
air, marked Pifa in Handel's MSS. and in
Dorinda (A.) Mrs. Barbier.
Smith's transcriptions, an ancient Cala-
is
Tirenio (B.) Richard Leveridge.
brian melody which Handel heard played
by the peasants, called Pifierari, on the The opera was revived by Handel at Coveut
Piffero (fife) in the streets of Rome during Garden, Nov. 9, 1734. " Favourite songs
his visit there in 1709. It was scored for in Pastor Fido " were published by Walsh
strings only, with a third violin part, which (London, 1734). The opera was first pub-
has often been left out. When the name Pas- lished by the Hiindelgesellschaft, with a res-
toral Symphony was given to it is not known. toration of the overture, Brcitkopf \- Hiirtel
Wright, Randall, and Abell's edition of the Other operas of the same
(Leipsic, 187G).
Messiah (London, 17G8) bears the word title: In English, by Sir Richard Fansliaw,
Pifa but Arnold's earlier edition calls it

; London, 1G4G by E. Settle, ib., 1(;77 in ; ;
" Sinfonia Pastoralle." Dr. Rimbault, in Italian, after Guarini, nuisic by Luigi I'ic-
his edition of the Messiah for the Handel tragrua, Venice, 1721 by Apollini, Venice, ;
Society of Loudon (London, 1850), gives 1739; by Salieri, text by da Pdiite, Vienna,
the origin of the air, and says it was in- 1789.— Chrysandcr, Himdel. ii. 3(;3 Rock- ;
cluded in a MS. collection of hymns (1030). stro, 7G Schd-lclier, 107 Cli'meut ct La-
; ;
Similar tunes, under the title of Parthenia, rousse, 51G Buruey, iv. 234, 377. ;
m
:
PATIENCE
PATIENCE, English opera in formed in more than 800 concerts in the
fcsthetic
two acts, text by by Sullivan, United States and has made concert tours
Gilbert, music ;
first represented at the Opc'ra Comique, with Parepa Rosa,

Strand, London, April 25, 1881, with the Miss Kellogg, Al-
following cast bani, Lucca, and
others. Among
Patience (S.) Miss Leonora Braham.
his more notable
Bunthorne (T.) Mr. Grossmith.
performances
Lady Jane (A. ) Miss Alice Barnctt.
were his recitals
Ai'chibald Grosvenor (B.) Mr. R. Barrington.
.
at the Centennial
It is a droll satire on sestheticism, and was Exhibition, Phila-
very successful in London and in New
delphia he has ;
York, where it was first given at the Stand- played also with
ard Theatre, Sept. 22, 1881. Published by '^
success at the
'
—
Ciiappell&Co. (London, 1881). Athenroum concerts of the New York and Brooklyn
(1881), i. 001 Academy (1881), i. 82G Pall Philharmonic Societies. His works consist
; ;
Mall Budget (April 29, 1881) New York of more than 200 compositions
;
among ;
Tribune (Sept. 23, 1881). them the following : In the Forest, The
PATllIE, overture for orchestra, by Dawn of Day, Dreamland, The Village Mill
Georges Bizet, first performed at the Con- Wheel, Marclie militaire, for the piano-
cert Populaire, Paris, in 1874. This is one forte Concert overture, in A minor, for
;
of Bizet's last works, and it was given at grand orchestra, iêrformed in Berlin, and
the composer's memorial concert, Paris, by Thomas's Orchestra in New York Niag- ;
Oct. 31, 1875. Published by Fiirstner (Ber- ara, grand symphony for orchestra and mil-
lin, 1874). itary band Concerto fantaisie-romantique,
;
PATRIE, oder Erben des weissen

die for pianoforte and orchestra.
Berges (The Heirs of the White Mountain), PATTISON, THOMAS MEE, born at
hymn for mixed chorus to words by Hulek, Warrington, England, Jan. 27, 1845, still
music by Dvorak, originally published as living, 1890. Organist of St. Paul's church,
op. 4, reissued as op. 30 by Novello & Co.
Warrington, since 1809. Works The :
(London). —Grove, iv. 623. Happy Valley, opera The Ancient Mar- ;
PATRIE, French opera, text by Sardou, iner, cantata, 1885 Lay of the Last Min-
;
music by Paladilhe, first represented at the strel, do., 1885 Anthems ; Organ and ;
Opi'ra, Paris, Dec. 16, 188G. It was well pianoforte music.

received. PAUER, ERNST, born in Vienna, Dec.
PATRIOTIC HYMN, by Antonin Dvorak. 21, 1820, still living,
See Patrie. 1890. Pianist, son of
PATTISON, JOHN NELSON, born, of the general superin-
American parentage, at Niagara Falls, New tendent of the L 11-
York, Oct. 22, 1845, still Hving, 1890. theran churches o f
Pianist, earlyshowed musical talent, and at Austria, and pupil
fifteen had some reputation as a jKi-former o Theodor Dirzka,
f
;
soon after he went to Eurojê, and again in of Wolfgang Amadous

1802, and studied in Berlin, Leipsic, Paris, Mozart the younger,
and London, and has had as teachers Liszt, and of Sechter in
Thalberg, Henselt, and von Billow on the Vienna, then of Franz
pianoforte, and Haupt in harmony. Since Lachner in Munich. He became director
his second return to America he has per- of musical societies in Mainz in 1847, and
; ;
PAUKENSCHLAG
played in London with success in 1851. In I. Adagio, Al- have been written in 1795.
1852 he mai-ried the singer Miss Andrea H. Andante HI. Menu- legro con spirito ; ;
of Frankfort-on-the-Main, and then settled etto IV. Allegro con spirito. Breitkopf & ;
in Loudon. In 18G1 he began giving his- Hilrtel's edition, No. 1 Peters, No. 1 ;
torical recitals of pianoforte music, played London Philharmonic Catalogue, No. 8.

within a few years in Holland, Leipsic, PAUL ET VIRGINIE, French opera in
Munich, and Vienna, and was made Aus- three acts, text by Dubreuil, music by Le-
trian court pianist in 1866. From 1870 he sueur, first represented at the Tht'atre Fey-
lectured on the history of music in Great deau, Paris, Jan. 13, 1794. The libretto is
Britain and Ireland succeeded Cipriani ; founded on the romance of Bcruardin de
Potter in the Royal Academy of Music in ; Saint-Pierre, but the story is greatly
1876 became professor at the National Train- changed. The hymn of the Indians to the
ing School for Music at Kensington Gore ;
rising sun, " Divin soleil, ame du monde,"
and in 1878 was a member of the musical was long sung at concerts after the opera
board of Cambridge University, being made had been withdrawn from the stage. Cle- —
examiner the next year. He has rendered ment et Larousse, 517.
great service by publishing editions of clas- PAUL ET VIRGINIE, French opera in
sical Han slick calls him the
composers. three acts and seven tableaux, text by Mi-
first pastor of German music in London. chel Carre and Jules Barbier, music by
—
Works Operas Don Kiego, Mannheim, : Victor Masst', first represented at the Opera
1849; Die rothe Maske, ib., 1850; Die National Lyrique, Paris, Nov. 15, 1876.
Brautschau Friedrichs des Grossen, ib., The libretto is from Bernardin de Saint-
1861. Symphony in C minor, op. 50 Pierre's romance. Original cast Paul, ]M. :
Quartet, quintet, pianoforte music, and Capoul Virginie, Mile Cccile Bitter Mme ; ;
songs Arrangements of Schumann's sym- de La Tour, Mme Sallard Marguerite, Mmo

; ;
phonies and Mendelssohn's pianoforte con- Teoni Meala, Mme Engally M. de Saiute- ; ;
certos. He edited Alte Klavier-Musik Croix, M. Melchisedech Domingue, M.

:
;
;
Alte Meister Old English Composers for Bouhy M. de La Bourdonnais, M. Bounefoy.

; ;
the Virginals and Harpsichord classical This opera is one of ]\Iasse's best works.
;
composers, from Bach and Handel to Schu- It was given at Covent Garden, London, in
mann, in Augener's edition New Gradus Italian, with ]\I. Capoul as Paul and Mllo
;
ad Parnassum, containing 100 studies, Albani as Virginie, June 1, 1878, and first
some by himself Primer of the Pianoforte, in New York, March 28, 1883. The score,
;
and Elements of the Beautiful in Music dedicated to M. Capoul, was published by

(1876) and Primer of Musical Forms Theodore Michaelis (Paris, 1878) and by
;
(1878).— Grove Wurzbach Mendel Eie- Chappell & Co. (London). Other operas of
; ; ;
mann Fetis do., Sui^pk'mcnt, ii. 311 the same title, in French By Budolpho
; ;
;
:
Hanslick, Concertwescn in Wien, 326. Kreutzer, text by Faviores, Paris, Jan. 15,
PAUIvENSCHLAG, SINFONIE MIT 1791 by Lesueur, text by Dubreuil, ib., ;
DEM, by Haydn. I, Adagio canta- Jan. 13, 1794 by Denis Robert, Port Louis,
in G, ;
bile, vivace assai H. Andante HI. Menu- Mauritius, Oct. 30, 1876. In Italian Paolo
; ;
:
etto rV. Allegro di molto.

; It is known e Virginia, by Angelo Tarchi. Venice, 1789;
in England and America as the Sui-prise by Pictro Guglielmi, text by Palombn, Na-
Symphony. Breitkopf & Hliiiel edition. ples, about 1790, Milan, Jan. 3. 1S3() by ;
No. 6 Peters, No. 4

; London Philhar- jMiglioiiicci, Milan, 1S13 by Mario Aspa,
;
;
monic Catalogue, No. 3. Rt)me, April 29, 1813. In Sp.anish Pablo :
PAUIvENWIRBEL, SINFONIE IVHT V Vir^-inia, by Josi' Rogel. Madrid, 1S61.

DEM, in E-flat, by Haydn, supposed to Paul and Virginia, Engli.sh ballet, by
i>7
; ;
PAULUS
William Eeeve and Mazzinghi, London, —
Lampadius, Mendelssohn, 47 Eeiss- ;
1800 and Paul uud Virginia, German bal- mann, 173

;
Kockstro, 61 Hensel, The
; ;
let, by Wenzel Giiliricb, Berlin, about 1840. Mendelssohn Family, ii. 331 Goethe and ;
— Clement et Larousse, 801 Atbenseura Mendelssohn, 189

; Hand, Aesthetic der ;
(187G), ii. GdG; (1878), i. 742; Academy Tonkunst, ii. 576 Schumann, Gesammelte ;
(1878), i. 519. Schriften, ii. 68 Bitter, Geschichte des Ora- ;
PAULUS (St. Paul), oratorio in two parts, toriums, 5-22 Neue Zeitschr., vii. 75, 147 ;
text compiled from tbe Bible by Fiirst, X. 87 xiii. 150 Ciicilia, xix. 201 xx. 135
; ; ;
Schubring, and Mendelssohn, music by Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxviii. 410, 807 xxxix. ;
Mendelssohn, op. 36, first performed at the 209, 497, 513, 534, 705, 821 xli. 250 xliv. ; ;
Lower llhine Festival, Diisseldorf, May 22, 386 Grove, ii. 271, 555, 675 Athenaeum
; ;
183G, under the composer's direction. It was (1837), 708 (1871), i. 310 (1872), ii. 817
; ;
sung by Frau Fischer-Achten (S.) Fruulein Chorley, Modern German Music, i. 22 Up-
; ;
Grabau (A.) Herr Schmetzer (T.) and Herr ton, Standard Oratorios, 208 Clement et
; ; ;
Wersing (B.). Mendelssohn received a com- Larousse, 518.

mission to write this, his first oratorio, from PAUSCH, EUGEN, born at Neumarkt,
the Ciicilien-Verein of Frankfort in 1831. Bavaria, in 1758, died there after 1838.
The music was begun in March, 1831, when Church composer, instructed in music while
its composer was in his twenty-sixth year. a choir-boy in the church at Neuburg en- ;
The oratorio contains an overture in A mi- tered in 1777 the Cistercian Order at Wal-
nor, and forty-five numbers. Its chief sub- derbach, where he taught music and con-
jects are the martyrdom of Saint Stephen, ducted the choir. After the suspension of
the conversion of Saint Paul, and the latter's the abbeys in Bavaria, he was for a short
subsequent career. The choral inserted time director of the seminary at Amberg ;
on the death of Stephen was by Georg then returned to his native town. "Works :
Neumark, who also wrote the original 6 masses, 7 motets, and 1 Requiem, for 4
words. After the first perfonnance Men- voices, 2 violins, 2 horns, organ, and bass
delssohn revised the work, cutting out (Dillingen, 1790) Te Deum, for 4 voices, ;
fourteen numbers, and it was again given organ, and orchestra (Augsburg, 1791) ;
at Liverpool, under Sir George Smart's Psalmi vespertini, etc. (ib., 1792) 6 missse ;
direction, Oct. 3, 1836, It was first per- breves, solemnes tamen, etc., op. 4 Missse ;
formed in London by the Sacred Harmonic breves ac solemnes, etc., op. 5. In manu-
Society, March 7 and Sept. 12, 1837 at scrii)t
; 12 operettas, and other music.
: Fe- —
the Birmingham (England) Festival, under tis Schilling. ;
Mendelssohn, Sept. 20, 1837 in Leipsic, ; PAUVRE DAME TÎARGUERITE. See

March 16, 1837 in Berlin, Oct. 6, 1837 Dame blanche.
;
in Dresden, Dec. 8, 1837 in Vienna, March

; PAUWELS, JEAN ENGELBERT, born
1, 1839 and in Paris, March 19, 1817. It in Brussels, Nov. 26, 1768, died there, June
;
was first sung in New York by the Sacred 3, 1804. Violinist, pupil of van Malder,
Harmonic Society, Oct. 29, 1838, and by and in harmony of Witzthumb, then in
the Oratorio Society, Nov. 9, 1875, and first Paris of Lesueur in comjôsitiou. He ob-
by the Handel and Haydn Society, Bos- tained a position at the Italian opera, but
ton, Jan. 22, 1843. Published by Simrock in 1790 went to Strasburg, where he Avas
(Bonn, 1837) by Breitkopf & Hiikel (Leip- chef d'orchestre at the theatre. In 1791 he
;
sic, 1837) and by Novello, English trans- returned to Brussels, api:)eared with success
;
lation by "W. Ball. An oratorio in Italian, as a virtuoso in a concerto of his own com-
San Paolo in Atene, text by Pasquini, music position, and became solo violinist at the
by Bonno, was given in Vienna in 1740. theatre, and in 1794 maitre de chapelle.
9S
; ;;
PAYESI
In 1799 lie established permanent concerts, Bergamo, 1809 II Corradino, Venice, ;
the technical perfection of which contrib- 1810 Elisabetta, regina d' Inghilterra, ;
uted much to the advancement of music Turin, 1810 Trajano in Dacia, Milan, L'or- ;
in Belgium. Works Operas —

La mai- fanella di Ginevra, ossia Ai-minia, 1810 II
; ;
sonette dans les bois, L'auteur malgre lui, Giobbe, oratorio, Bologna, 1810 Ser ^larc' ;
Leontine et Fonrose, all given at Brussels, Antonio, La contadina abruzzese, II monas-

about 1791-1800 Concei'to for violin and tero, Milan, 1811 La Nitteti, Turin, 1812
; ;
;
orchestra horn and orchestra

; do. for 3 ; Tancredi, Milan, 1812 ; Amore e geuerosita,
quartets for strings 6 duos for violins ;
;
L' ostregario, H Teodoro, Venice, 1812 ; La
3 polonaises for soprano and orchestra forza dei simpatici, Una giornata pericolosa,
L'amitie, duet for soi^rano and tenor, with ib., 1813 ; Irene e Filandro, Naples, 1813 ;
orchestra. In manuscript Symphonies, : L' Agatina, Milan, 1814 ; La Celanira, Ven-

concertos for violin, masses, etc. Fctis ice, 1815 La fiera di Brindisi, Modena, — ; ;
Mendel Eiemann. ; 1815 Le Danaide romane, Venice, 1810 ; ;
PAVESI, STEFANO, born at Casaletto La gioveuth di Cesare, Milan, 1817 II ti- ;
Vaprio, near Cremona, Jan. 22, 1779, died ranno geloso, Venice, 1818 I pitocchi for- ;
at Crema, July 28, 1850. Dramatic com- tunati, Venice, 1819 II trionfo di Gedeone, ;
poser ; studied at the Conservatorio dei oratorio, Modena, 1819 Don Gusmano, ib., ;
Turchini, Naples, until the Eevolution of 1819 II gran naso, Naples, 1820 Eugenia
; ;
1799, when he was imprisoned and finally degli Astolfi, Naples, 1820 L' Arminio o ;
sent to Marseilles ; thence he went to Di- r eroe germano, Venice, 1821 L' Andro- ;
jon and joined a regimental band, with macca, Milan, 1822 L' Ines d' Almeida, ;
which he returned to Italy for the Marengo Anco Marcio, Naples, 1822 L' Egilda di ;
campaign. He seized the opportunity of Provenza, Venice, 1823 I cavalieri del ;
returning to Venice, where he began in nodo, Naples, 1823 Andano e Dartulla, ib., ;
1802 writing for the theatre, and was soon 1825 II solitario ed Elvida, Naples, 182G
; ;
engaged as composer by all the leading Antigono e Lauso, Milan, 1S27 La donna ;
theatres in Italy. He wrote most of his bianca d' Avenello, ib., 1830 Fenella o la ;
operas for Venice, where he lived chiefly, muta di Portici, Venice, 1831 L' incognito ;
although he was appointed maestro di cap- La fiera La gloria, cantata. He published ;
pella at Cremona Gaz- also a quantity of church music and, with

in 1818, to succeed
zaniga. L' avvertimento ai gelosi, Gazzaniga, a collection entitled Salmi, Can-
Works :
:
L' anonimo, Venice, 1803 I castelli in tici ed Inni Cristiani del Conte L. Tadini,
;
aria, Verona, 1804 L' accortezza materna, posti in musica populare (\Iilaii).
;
Saiise- —
L'amor contrastato, Venice, 1804 L' amo- verino, Biog. di Stefano Pavesi (Milan, 1S51)
;
re prodotto dall' odio, Padua, 1804 Fingallo Fctis; do.. Supplement, ii. 312; ^Mendel
; ;
e Comala, Amare e non voler csser amante, Schilling.

Venice, 1805 ; II trionfo d' EiniHo, Mi- PAVILLON DES FLEUBS LE, ou Ics
lan, 1805 ; II giuocatore, Erminia o la Ves- pccheurs de Grenade, conK'dic-lyriquo in

tale, Kome, 180G Napoleonc il Grande al one act,
;
text by li C. Guilbert de Pixi'n'-
tempio deir immortalita, cantata. La sor- court, music by Dalayrac, first represented
presa, L' amor vince 1' inganno, Venice, at the Opt-'ra Comique, Paris, May 13, 1822.
1806 Sapersi sciegliere un degno sposo, It was a posthumous arrangement of tho
;
L' alloggio militare, ib., 1807 I baccanali, ;

Pavilion du Calife, ou Alnianzorot Zobi'iilc,
Leghorn, 1807 La festa della rosa, L' amor

;
opera in two acts, text by Descliaini)s and
perfetto, I Cherusci, Venice, 1808 L' Aris- ;
INIorel, music by Dalayrac, first given at llio
todenio, Naples, 1808 II servo padrone, II ;

Opi'ra, Paris, April 11, 1804.— CU'meut et
maldicente, Bologna, 1809 Le Amazzoni, ;

Laroussc, 519.
;
PAYER
PAYER, HIERONYMUS, born at Meid- hood. He settled in Glasgow in 1866 as
near Vienna, Feb. 15, 1787, died at organist of Trinity Congregational Church,
liiig,
\Vieburg, near Vienna, September, 184:5. and soon after became

Dramatic and church composer, instructed organist of the Univer-
by his father, otherwise self-taught ; was at sity ; organist at St.
first organist in his native village, went to Andrew's Hall, 1877

Vienna in 1816 to teach music, and was do., Glasgow Cathe-
k^^S&ilJ
made Kapellmeister at the Theater an der dral.1879. Mus. Bac, J
Wien. In 1818 he made a concert tour ' --"^ Oxford, 1870; Mus.
through Germany, accepted a call to Amster- Doc, ib., 1875.
dam as Kapelmeester in 1824, but went to Works: Psalm
Paris in 1825, and for eight years was much cxxxviii., 1870; The
sought as a pianoforte and singing teacher, Narrative of St. John the Baptist, cantata,
also conducted the German opera, founded 1875. Morning, Communion, and Evening
there during the last year of his sojourn. Services Anthems Organ arrangements, ; ;
In 1832 he returned to Vienna, and became etc. Grove. —

Kapellmeister at the new opera in the Josef- PEARCE, STEPHEN AUSTEN, born
stadt Theater. A stroke of paralysis in near London,
1838 reduced his resources to the income England, Nov.
from his lessons, which left him in narrow 7, 1836, still
circumstances during the remainder of his living, 1890.
life. —
Works Ojjeras Hochlands Fiirsten, Organist, pupil
:
given at Amsterdam La folle de Glaris, at Cambridge

;
Paris, Odeon La crois de feu, ib. Op- of John Larkin

;
erettas : Der wilde Jiiger Der hohle Baum ; ;

Hopkins. In
Das Sternenmiidchen Die musikalische 1859 he was ;
Akademie Die Trauer

; Die Einsame graduated at ;
;
Coco, vaudeville. Six masses ; motets, gi'ad- New College,

uals, Tautum ergo, etc. ; 3 concertos for Oxford Univer-
pianoforte ; Octet for sity, as Mus.
do., flute, 2 horns,
and strings ;
and Bac, and in 1864 as Mus. Doc. During
Quintet for do., flute,
strings Trio for do. and strings Many the same year he visited America, and
; ;
overtures, marches, rondos, etc., for mili- on his return to England became organ-
tary band Serenades for flute and guitar ist and musical director at St. Katharine's
;
concertante do. for mandolin and guitar; Royal Collegiate

;
Church, London, and
Many waltzes, minuets, and other dances later of St. John's Church. In 1872 he ;
Organ and pianoforte music, etc. Allgem. again went to America, where he has —
wiener mus. Zeitg. (1810), Nos. 5 and 6 do., since remained. He has been instructor ;
884 Futis
; Schilling Seyfried, Denk- of vocal music in Columbia College, New
; ;
steine, etc. (Vienna, 1848), 95 Wurzbach. York, and has lectured on harmony- and the
;
PAZZA PER AMORE, LA. See Nina. science of music at the General Theological
PEACE, ALBERT LISTER, born at Seminary on the music of all nations at the ;
Huddersfield, England, in 1845, still living, Peabody Institute, Baltimore and on clas- ;
1890. Organist and church composer. He sical music at Johns Hopkins University.
was appointed organist of the parish chui'ch In 1874 he became musical editor of the
of Holmfirth in 1854, when only nine years New York " Evening Post," and he has con-
old, and subsequently held a similar posi- tributed many articles on music to periodi-
tion in other churches in that neighbour- cals. He has been organist of several
100
;;
PEARS ALL
cliurcliesiu New York, among them, iu Mottects or Grave Church
Musique, etc.,
1879-85, of the Collegiate Church, 48th with organ part, which for want of Organs
Street and Fifth Avenue, in 1885-88 of Zion can be performed on Virginals, Base Lute,
Church, and now (1890) of the Church of Pandora or Ii-ish Harpe (1630) also a Mourn- ;
the Ascension. Works La belle Ameri- ing Song of sixe parts.— Grove Fetis.
:
;
caine,opera in three acts Allegro agitato PEASE, .VLFRED HUMPHliEYS, born

;
iu D minor, for orchestra Overture in E in Cleveland, Ohio,

;
minor, for orchestra, written for the Crystal May 6, 1838, died in
Palace Classical Concerts, London The St. Louis, IMissouri, ;
Psalm of Praise, an ecclesiastical cantata ;

July 13, 1882. Pian-
Celestial Visions, dramatic oratorio for ist, educated at Ken-
eight-part chorus, soli, full orchestra, and yon College, Ohio ;
organ ; Pianoforte music ; Church choral studied the pianoforte

music ; Organ music ; Songs. He isauthor in Berlin under Theo-
also of a pocket Dictionary of Musical dor Kullak and von
Terms in twentj'-one languages. Billow, composition
PEARSALL, ROBERT LUCAS, born at under Richard Wiierst,
Chfton, England, March U, 1795, died at and scoring xmder Wieprecht. After three
Wartensee, on Lake Constance, Aug. 5, years he made a short visit to the United
1856. Vocal composer was educated for States, and returned to Germany for three
;
the bar but left it in 1825 and went to live years' further study. On his final return he
in Mainz, where he became the pupil of made extended concert tours, playing with
Panny in composition. He revisited Eng- success in most of the important cities
land in 1829, then settled in Carlsruhe in and towns. Works Reverie and Andante, :
1830, and at Wartensee in 1832. Works Andante and Scherzo, Romanze, Concerto :
Requiem Madrigals for 4, 5, G, and 8 (1875), all for orchestra, given with success
;
voices (London, 1840) 8 Glees and madri- by Theodore Thomas

; Many pianoforte ;
gals (ib., 1863) ; 24 Choral Songs, edited compositions, arrangements, etc. ; Songs.
by Hullah (ib., 1863)
J. Ballet Opera PECHATSCHEK (Pechaczec, Pecha(5ok),
;
Choruses (ib., 1878) Psalms and Anthems FRANTISEK, the elder, born at Wilden-
;
Part-songs, among them "The hardy Norse- schwcrt, Bohemia, in 17(53, died in Vienna,
:
man's house of yore," "A king there was Sept. 26, 1816. Violinist, first instructed in
in Thule," " O who will o'er the downs so his native town, then at Weisswasser, Si-
free ?,"and " Sir Patrick Spens." He pub- lesia, pupil of Lambert, and of Dittersdorf.
lished also Catholischcs Gesangbuch (1863), In 1783 he went to Vienna, and in 1790-
founded on that of St. Gall, which is still 1805 was Kapellmeister at one of the thea-
in use, though mostly in MS. —
Grove Fe- tres. He was the Strauss of his time, being
;
tis, Supplement, ii. 313. especially notable as a composer of dance

PEARSON (Peerson, Pierson), MARTIN, nuisic. Works : 2 operas ; 12 operettas ;
born in about 30 ballets Several masses and other

latter half of 16th century, died in ;
London in 1650. Vocal composer, master church nnisic 12 symphonies for orches- ;
of the children in St. Paul's Cathedral in tra Overture for do.; IMusic for violin, ;
1603 Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1(513. He was one with other instruments
;
'M:iuy waltzes, ;
of the contributors to Leighton's "Teares Liindler, ecossaisos, minuets, etc., for or-
or Lamentacions," etc. (1614). Works Pri- chestra, or for pianoforte, violin, etc. — Dla-
:
vate IMusicke, or the First Booke of Ayres bacz Frtis Wiuzbach. ; ;
and Dialogues, containing Songs of 4, 5, PECHATSCHEK, FKAXZ. the younger.

and 6 Parts of sevcrall sorts, etc. (1604) born in Vienna, July 4, 1793, died in Carls-
101
;;;;;
p:^cheurs
ruhe, Sept. 15, 1840. Violin virtuoso and era, Barcelona, 1874 Quasimodo, do,, ib., ;
composer, son and puj)il of the above, after- 1875 Mass for 3 voices and choruses, with
;
wards pupil of Forster in composition per- orchestra, organ, and harp Pianoforte mu-
; ;
formed at the imperial court when only ten sic and songs. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 314. —
years old, and in 1803 made a concert tour PEDROTTI, CARLO, born in Verona,
with his father to Prague. For a time Italy, Nov, 12, 1817, still living, 1890.
second Kapellmeister at the Theater an der Dramatic composer, pupil of Domenico Fo-
Wien in Vienna, he went to Hanover in roni was conductor of the Italian opera
;
1818 as first violinist in the court orchestra, in Amsterdam in 1840-45, then lived for
gave many concerts in various cities of Ger- several years in his native city, and in
many in 1821:-25, and was 1868 was called to Turin as director of
called to Carls-
ruhe, in 1826, as Conzertmeister. Works the Liceo Musicale, maestro concertatore,
:
Concertino for violin and orchesti'a, op, IG and maestro di cappella of the Teatro
;
Polonaises for do., or pianoforte Themes Regio,; In 1872 he established popular

varies, do. Kondos, do. Pot-pourris, do.
; ; concerts, which prospered rapidly, and
;
Quartets for strings Duo concertant for 2 are still successful.

; Works Lina, Clara :
violins, etc. — Futis ; Wurzbach. del Mainland, Verona, 1840 ; Matilde, Am-
P:fiCHEURS DE PEELES, LES (The sterdam, 1841 La figlia del arciere, ib., ;
Pearl Fishers), French opera in three acts 1844 Romea di Monfort, Verona, 1846
;
and four tableaux, text by Cormon and Mi- Fiorina, ib., 1851 II parrucchiere della ;
chel Carre, music by Georges Bizet, first reggenza, ib., 1852 Gelmina, o col fuoco ;
represented at the Theatre Lyrique, Paris, non si scherza, Milan, 1853 Genoveffa del ;
Sept. 30, 18G3. The story is of Leila, a Brabante, ib., 1854 Tutti in maschera, Ve- ;
vestal virgin, who is stationed on a high rona, 1856 Isabella d' Arragona, Turiu,
;
rock jutting out over the sea, where she 1859 La guerra in quattro, Milan, 1861
; ;
prays to the gods to protect the pearl Mazeppa, Bologna, 1861 Marion de Lorme, ;
fishers. She is closely veiled, and no man Trieste, 1865 II favorito, Turin, 1870 Ole-; ;
may approach her. Zurga and Nadir, two ma la schiava, Modena, 1872. Fetis, Sup- —
fishermen, climb the rock, and Nadir tells plement, ii, 314 Mendel Riemann. ; ;
his love, which is accejited by Leila. They PEELLAERT, AUGUSTIN PHILIPPE

are surprised, captured, and condemned to MARIE GHISLAIN, Baron DE, born in
death but they escape through aid from Bruges, March 12, 1793, died at Saint-
;
Zurga, who sets fire to the fishermen's Josse-ten-Noode-lez-Bruxelles, April 16,

cabins. The music is written in the mod- 1876. Dramatic composer, pupil at Lille
ern school, and the instrumentation is well of d'Ennery, and in Paris of Momigny and
worked. Mile Leontine de MaiJsen, Ismael, Paer. He entered the army, and retired
and Morini appeared in the original cast. as lieutenant -coloneL Works: L'amant
Published by Bote & Bock (BerHn, 1863). troubadour (1815), not performed Le sor- ;
— Clement et Larousse, 521. cier par hasard, given at Ghent, 1819

P:fiCHEURS, LES (The Fishermen), co- L'heure du rendez-vous, Brussels, 1821 ;
medic in one act, text by the Marquis de la Agnes Sorel, ib., 1823 Le Barmecide, ib., ;
Salle, music by Gossec, first represented at 1824 Teniers, ib., 1825 L'exile, ib., 1827
; ;
the Comedie Italieune, Paris, June 7, 1766. Songe et realite (1829), not given Faust, ;
It was one of Gossec's most successful Brussels, 1834 Le coup de pistolet, ib., ;
—
works. Clement et Larousse, 520. 1836 Louis de Male, ib., 1838 Le barigel
; ;
PEDRELL, FELIPE, born in Catalonia, IMonsieur et Madame Putiphar, Brussels,

contemporary. Pianist, and dramatic com- 1857 Le mariage par testament Regilde
; ; ;
poser. Works El ultimo Abencerrajo, op- Castor et Pollux, Operettas: Les trois clefs
:
; ;
PEER
Trois centre un ; Thecla ; Sans dot ; La
and bass (senza cembalo), in Handel's
si- viola,
rene. Several masses ; Amadigi, Act U., Scene 5. Published also
2 trios for pianoforte
and strings ; More than 100 vocal melodies. separately', with the accompaniment tran-
— Fetis ; do., Supplement, ii. 315 Peellaert, scribed by Otto Dresel (Leipsic, Breitkopf
;
Cinquante ans de souvenirs (Brussels, 1867). & Hiirtel).

PEER GYNT, entr'acte music and dances PENDANT LA NLTT J'AI PARI^: ]^L\
to Hendrik Ibsen's comedy of "Peer Gynt," CHAUMI^RE. See Ame en peine.
by Edvard Grieg, op. 23. Published by RENDU! RENDU! See J'oÛllon de
Peters (Leipsic, 1884). Arranged for piano- Longjumeau.
forte for four bands. It was first given in PENFIELD, SMITH NEWELL, born, of
New York, at CLickeriug Hall, by Theo- American parent-
dore Thomas, Jan. 24, 1889.— Mus. Woch- age, in Oberliu,
enblatt (1884), 511. Ohio, April 4,
PELLEGRINI AL SEPOLCRO, I (The 1837, still living,
Pilgrims at the Sepulchre), Italian ora- 1890. Organist

torio, text by music by Johann
Pallaviciui, and pianist, pupil
Adolph Hasse, first performed in Dresden in New York of

in 1742. The Pilgrim's chorus from this James Flint; then
oratorio was given in Berlin in November, studied, in Leip-
1844. The original score, in the Konig- sic, j)ianoforte un-
liche Bibliothek, Berlin, was published by der Mo s die les,
J. A. Hiller, German translation by Eschen- Reinecke, Papperitz, and Plaidy, organ un-
bach (Leipsic, 1784). Oratorio of the same der Richter, and harmony and theor}' under
title by Johann Gottlieb Naumann, Di-es- Hauptmann later, in Paris, under Delioux.
;
den, 1798. — Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxi. 243. After his return to America he resided in
PELLET, ALPHONSE, born Uzes Rochester, New York then in Savannah,
at ;
(Gard), Oct. 18, 1828, still living, 1890. Ga., where he founded the Savannah Con-
Dramatic composer, first instructed by his servatory of Music, and the Mozart Club ;
father, who was organist of the cathedral later, lived for six years in Brooklyn, where
at Uzes then pupil at the Paris Conserva- he founded the Arion Conservatory, and
;
toire of Colet and of Hal6vy. In 1849 he since 1882 has resided in New York. In
settled at Nimes, where he became director 1884 the degree of Mus. Doc. was given
of the Conservatoire and organist of the him by the University of the City of New
Basilica. Works Les deux avares, Nimes, York, and in 1885 he became president of
:
18G4 L'ours et le pacha, ib., 18G5 Salsifi, the Music Teachers' National Association
; ; ;
ou les inconvenients de la grandeur, ib., he is now organist of the Broadway Taber-

1866 Futaille a vendi-e, saynete, ib., 1868 nacle Church. Works
;
Psalm xviii., can- :
Deux locataires, ib., 1873 Sous les pal- tata, for soli,;
chorus, and orchestra Over- ;
About 20 can- tm-e fororchestra Stringquintet Antlu'nis

miers, ib., 1878 Oratorio ; ;
; ;
tatas Quintet for strings Quartet for pi- Pianoforte pieces Songs.
; ;
;
anoforte and strings; Trio for do.; Sonata PENNA, LORENZO, born in Bologna,
for pianoforte and violoncello 2 series of Italy, in 1613, died at Lnola, Oct. 20, 1693.
;
writer, en-
melodies for do. Collection of sacred mu- Church composer and didactic
;
sic ; Pianoforte pieces, etc. Fetis, Supple- tered the —

Carmelite monastery at Parma,
became its maestro di cappella, and later

ment, ii. 316.
PENA TIRANNA 10 SENTO, alto aria occupied the same position in the cathedral
of Dardano, in D
minor, with accompani- at Imola. Works ]\[csse i)ieno a (piattro :
ment of oboe solo, bassoon, three violins, ed otto Yoci sc piace, libro primo, op. 9 ('Jd
103
;
PENTENPJEDER
ecL, Bologna, 1G77) Galena del sacro Par- aided in establishing the Academy of An-
;
nasso Messe piene con stromenti ad libi- cient Music. In 1712 he became organist
;
tum, libro secoudo (ib., 1G70) II sacro ; and composer to

Parnasso delli Salmi festivi, etc., op. 8 theDuke of Chan-
Salmi per tutto 1' anno ed una Messa, etc. dos at Cannons,
(1GG9). He iûblished also a treatise Li : where he preceded
primi albori musicali per li priucii:)ianti Handel; in 1713
della musica figurata, etc. (1G79), and Diret- he took the degree
torio del canto fermo (1G89). — Fctis ;Men- of Mus. Doc. at
del ; Riemann. Oxford, and soon
PENTENRIEDEE, FRANZ X.VVER, after became mu-
bom at Kaufbeuren, Bavaria, Feb. 6, 1813, Lin- sic director of
died in Munich, July 17, 18G7. Dramatic coln's Inn Theatre.
and church composer, pupil of Kalcher and In 1724 he joined Dr. Berkeley in his scheme
Stunz in Munich, whei'e he entered the of a college in the Bermudas, but was ship-
choir of the Frauenkirche. He became wrecked and returned to England. Soon
court Kapellmeister, court organist, choir afterwards he married Marguerite de 1' Epine
director at St. Ludwig's, and Rei:)etitor at the singer, and in 1731 became organist of
the royal theatre. Injuries received from the Charter House, a position he held until
being ran over by a carriage resulted in his death. His wife, who brought him a
such serious consequences that he passed fortune of £10,000, died in 171G. Pepusch,
the last years of his
life in an insane asylum. though pedantic, was skilled in musical
"Works Die Nacht auf Paluzzi, opera, given science, and was one of the chief authorities
:
on all the principal stages of Germany on music in England previous to Handel.

;
Das Haus ist zu verkaufen, do., Leipsic, He is best known by his scoring and ar-
; —
184G Cantatas, masses, motets, etc. Men- rangement of the Beggar's Opera. Works :
del Eiemann.
; Venus and Adonis, masque, 1715 Apollo ;
PENTHESiLEA, overture for orchestra, and Daphne, and The Death of Dido,
in G, to Ivleist's drama
same title, by
of the masques, 171G ; The Union of the Three Sis-
Goldmark, op. 31, first performed in Vi- ter Ai'ts, masque for St. Cecilia's Day, 1723 ;
enna, Dec. 2G, 1880. Published by Schott The Beggar's Opera, 1727 Polly, opera, ;
(Mainz, London, and Brussels, 1881) by ; 1729 The Wedding, ballad opera, 1734
; ;
Leede (Leii^sic). Ai-ranged for the piano- Ode to the Memory of the Duke of Devon-
forte for four hands. —
Mus. Wochenblatt shire, 1707 Ode for the Princess of Wales's
;
(1881), 92. Birthday, 1715-lG G English cantatas

;
PEPUSCH, JOHANN CHEISTOPH, (London, 1712) Sonatas and concertos

;
born in Berlin in 1GG7,

died in London, July for strings and wind instruments Anthems ;
20, Dramatic composer, pupil at

1752. and motets. He jûblished also a Short
Stettin of Gottlieb Klingenberg, and of Treatise on Harmony (London, 1730 2d ;
Grosse, a Saxon organist. Ho was a musi- ed., 1731) and edited Corelli's Sonatas in
;
cian at the Pi'ussian court in 1G81-97, was score. —

Grove Fetis
; Burney, Hist., iv.
;
in Holland in 1G98, and about 1700 went to G34 ;Mendel.

London, where he became a member of the PERABO, (JOHANN) ERNST, born in
orchestra at Druiy Lane. In 1707 he ad- Wiesbaden, Germany, Nov. 14, 1845, still
apted the music of Thomyris, Queen of living, 1890. Pianist, the youngest of ten
Scythia, and of other oi:)eras, adding recita- children, all of whom followed the profession
tives and songs. He devoted much time to of music; began when five years old to
the study of ancient music, and in 1710 study under his father. In 1852 he went to
104
PERANDI
America with his parents, and two years Die Historia von cler Geburt ties Herrn und
later made his first pubhc appearance at a Heilandes Jesu Christi Passion des Evan- ;
concert in New gelisten St. Marcus 6 masses for 5 voices, ;
York. After two with trumpets and drums 3 Magnificat for ;
years spent in 5 and 9 voices 15 concertos for 3-6 voices, ;
Dover, New Hamp- with instruments ; 15 madrigals for 2-5

shire, he studied voices ; With Bontempi ho
3 syrajihonire.
the vioHn in Boston also composed a German opera, Daphne,
under William given in Dresden, 1672. — Mendel.
Schultze, and played PERDONO E TI CO:\IPIANGO. See
at a concert under Norma.
Carl Zerrahn's di- PEREIRA, DOMINGOS NUXES, born
rection. He lived Lisbon about the middle of the 17th cen-
at
next in Chicago, and then in Washington, tury, died at Camarate, near Lisbon, ^larch
returning finally to New York, whence, in 29, 1729. Church composer, for many years
1858, he went to Europe. In 18G2 he mestre da capella of the cathedral at Lisbon.
entered the Leipsic Conservatorium, where Works Responsorios da Semana Santa, for
:
he studied the pianoforte under Moscheles 8 voices ; Do. dos officios de defuntos, for
and E. F. Wenzel harmony under Pap-
;
do.; Li(;oens de defuntos, for 4 voices Con- ;
peritz, Hauptmann, and Richter and com- ;

fitebor, Laudate pueri, for 8 voices Vilhan- ;
position under Reinecke. In 1865 he re- cicos e motetes, for 4, 6, and 8 voices. — Vas-
turned to America, and after a concert concellos.
tour in the West settled in 186G in Boston. PERELLI, NATALE, born in Lombardy
He has played often in public, and has a about 1815. Dramatic composer, pupil at
high reputation as a pianist and teacher of the Conservatorio, Milan. Works : Gale-
the piiinoforte. In 1878-79 he again visited otto Manfredi, ojiera, Pavia, 1839 ; Osti et
Leii^sic, to study further under Wenzel. non osti, do., Genoa, 1840 ; II contrabban-
Many of his works are transcriptions and diere, Turin, 1842.
arrangements for the pianoforte among PEREZ, DA VIDE, born in Naples, of

;
them the following Lowe's ballads, The

: Spanish parents, in 1711, died in Lisbon
Dance of Death, Melek at the Spring, The in 1778. Church and dramatic composer,
Secluded First movement of Rubinstein's pupil at the Conservatorio di Loreto of An-
;
Ocean Symphony, and the overture to Di- tonio Galli on the violin, becoming a virtu-
mitri Donskoi First movement of Schu- oso on that instrument, and of Francesco
;
bert's unfinished symphony ; 10 selections Mancini

in counterpoint. He went in
from lolanthe, op. 14. Among Palermo as maestro di cappclla of
his original 1739 to
compositions, mostly for the pianoforte, are the cathedral. There he wrote his first
:
Moment musical, op. 1 Scherzo, op. 2

;
operas, and soon acquired great reputation
;
Prelude, op. 3 Waltz, op. 4 Three studies, in Italy he composed for all the loading
; ; ;
op. 9, 1880 Pensees, op. 11, 1884 Circum- cities, and in 1752 ,went to Lisbon, where,
; ;
stance, or Fate in a Human Life, op. 13, after the gi-eat success of his Demofoonto,
1887 Songs.
;
the king bestowed on him the Order of
PERANDI, MARCO GIUSEPPE, born in Christ, and ai)poiiited him royal mestre do
Rome, beginning of the 17th century, died capella. In 1755 he opened tlie new theatre
iu Dresden, Jan. 12, 1675. Church com- in Lisbon with his Alessandro lull' Indie,
poser, entered the service of the Elector of procuring for it the best singers from Italy ;
Saxony between 1651 and 1656, and was went to London in the same year, and i>ro-
appointed Kapellmeister iu 1663. Works duced his Ezio, with great success. Futia
:
105
;
PERFALL
ranks his compositions nest to those of notice at the conservatory by the curious
JommelH. —
Works Operas L' eroismo di and unheard-of passages he improvised
:
Scipioue, Palermo, 1741 ; Astartea, Medea, while practising,

L' isola incautata (Palermo), La clemenza chromatic pro-
di Tito, Nai:)les, 1749 Semiramide, Rome, ; gressions based
1750; Farnace, ib.j Merope, Genoa, 1751; upon harmonic
Didone abbandonata, ib.; Alessandro nell' successions being-
Indie, ib.; Zenobia, Turin, 1751 Demetrio, ; then unknown.
ib., 1752 Deniofoonte, ib.; Artaserse, Adri-
; Such seemed to be
ano in Siria, ib., 1755 ; L' eroe cinese, ib., his originality,
1753; Ipermnestra, ib., 1754; Olimpiade, that he was placed
ib.; Ezio, London, 1755 Solimanno, Lis- under Gaetano
;
bon, 1757 Euea in Italia, 1759 Giulio

; Greco to study ;
Cesare, 17G2. A fine edition of his Matu- counterpoint (harmony having hardly risen
tini de' morti, his best sacred work, was to the dignity of a separate study at that
published while he was in Loudon. Other time) he continued his contrapuntal studies ;
church music: Mass for 8 voices and or- for a while under Durante, and then under
chestra do. for 5 voices and orchestra
; Francesco Feo. He made rapid progress,
Motets for 4 voices 2 Salve Regina for do. ; but soon formed a style of his own, retaining
Responses for do. Psalms for 3 voices and ; only as much of the contrapuntal science he
chorus. —
Grove Fetis Burney, Hist., iv.; ; had learned as could be subordinated to me-
570 Mendel Schilling Gerber Hogarth,
; ; ; ; lodious and expressive writing. His first
Mus. Hist., i. 225. composition worthy of the name was an
PERFALL, KARL, Freiherr VON, born oratorio, La conversione di San Guglielmo,
in Munich, Jan. 29, 1824, still living, 1890. which was given (with comic interludes) at
Dramatic composer, pupil of Hauptmann at the cloister of S. Agnello in 1731, before
Leipsic (1848) left the government service
; Pergolesi had left the conservatory. After
in 1850, and assumed the direction of the leaving the conservatory he studied vocal
Miinchener Liedertafel. In 1854 he found- composition under Vinci, and possibly also
ed the Oratorio Society, which he conducted under Hasse. His first ojêra, La Sallustia,
until 1864, when he was appointed court was given in 1731, but had no more than a
music intendant. In 18G7 he became in- succes d'estime. Two other operas also
tcndaut of the royal theatre, in which posi- failed,and starvation would probably have
tion he has made the Munich opera one of been his fate had not the Prince of Stegli-
the most prominent. Works Operas Sa- — : ano, first equerry to the King of Naples,
kuntala, Munich, 1853 Das Konterfei, ib., ; taken an active interest in him and helped
18G3 Raimondin (also as Melusine), ib.,
; him to get Avork.After a great earthquake
1881 Junker Heinz, ib., 188G Barbarossa,
; ; in Naples, a solemn mass was voted to the
melodrama Dornruschen, Milrchen for soli,
; patron saint of the city, and Pergolesi was
chorus, and orchestra Undine, do. Riibe- ; ; commissioned to write the music. He ac-
zahl, do. Riemann. — cordingly wrote a mass and vespers for ten-
PERGOLESI (Pergolese), GIOVANNI part chorus and double orchestra, which
BATTISTA, born at Jesi, Roman States, was soon followed by a second mass for
Jan. 3, 1710, died at Pozzuoli, March IG, double chorus and two orchestras (to which
1736. Dramatic composer, pupil, when the composer afterwards added parts for
very young, at the Conservatorio dei Poveri two more choruses), which Avas much ad-
di Gesu Cristo, Naples, on the violin of mired by Leo. About this time Pergolesi
Domenico de Matteis. He soon attracted wrote also thirty trios for two violins, vio-
PERGOLESI
loncello, and bass, dedicated to the Prince
Pergolesi's high renown was entirely post-
of Stegliano. In the winter of 1731 the humous, a fact unparalleled in the annals
world-famous La serva jjadrona, was writ- of Italian music. Pergolesi is to be re-
ten and produced. Its success at first was garded as virtually the father of " modern "
not overwhelming, but it was the only gen-
uine success Pergolesi had during his life-
—
music in Ital}- perhaps even in Europe.
In his music the contrapuntal element steps
time. Several otheroi:)eras followed it, but for the first time definitely into the back-
they were allregarded by the public as ground, and the melodic-harmonic element
failures. In 1734 he went to Loreto as ma- asserts its supremacy. The step from Leo
estro di cappella. After the failure of a new and Feo to Pergolesi is somewhat like that
ojDera, Flaminio (1735), the Confraternity of from the younger Bachs to Gluck and
San Luigi di Palazzo, who had for years Haydn. Pergolesi's chief merits were great
been in the habit of giving Alessandro pathos, sweetness, and depth of expression.
Scarlatti's Stabat Mater on every Friday in Of contrapuntal, or even melodic invention,
March, ordered a new one of Pergolesi for he did not give surpassing evidence, but it
ten ducats (about $8.75). He immediately should be remembered that he died at the
set to work, but was soon called off to Rome age of twenty-six, and that there is no
to write an opera for the Teatro Tordinone. calculating the splendour of development
His fame, which Avas now spreading beyond which awaited his genius had he but lived
Naj^les, seems to have been almost wholly longer. Although in originality of concep-
due to the high esteem in which contem- tion his works pale somewhat beside the
porary musicians held his works, for the more mature productions of other com-
public almost ignored them. But at Rome posers, if we compare them with what other
L' Olimpiade failed with a crash, while Du- great men had written before the age of
ni's Nerone (a far inferior work, as its com- twenty-six, we shall see that the comparison
poser admitted) made a resounding success. is rather in Pergolesi's favour than against
Pergolesi returned to Loreto, in In fact, his Serva padrona was the
disgust him.
with the stage, and resumed work on the model of nearly all Italian opere bufte that
Stabat Mater. But his health, which had followêd it.
long been undermined by excesses of the Works I. Operas —
San Guglielmo d' :
gallant sort, now gave way, and consump- Aquitania, Naples, 1731 La Sallustia, 3 ;
tion declared itself. He moved to Pozzuoli, acts, 1731 Amor fa 1' uomo cieco, 1
ib., ;
near Naples, and, although really far too ill act, ib., 1731 Recimero, 3 acts, ib., 1731
; ;
to work, he persisted in composing a can- La serva padrona, 2 acts, ib., Teatro S:ui
tata, Orfeo e Euridice, a Salve Regina, and Bartolomeo, 1731, and Paris, Tlu'-atro
in finishing the Stabat Mater, in spite of Italien, Oct. 4, 174G II maeslro di mu- ;
the urgent entreaties of his old master Feo, sica, 2 acts, Naples, 1731 H geloso scher- ;
who counselled rest. He died a few days nito, ib., 1732 Lo frate innamorato, in ;
after the completion of the Stabat. He Neapolitan dialect, ib., 1733 II prigio- ;
was buried in the precincts of the Pozzuoli niero superbo, 3 acts, ib., 1733 Adriano in ;
Cathedral, where, a century later, the Mar- Siria, ib., 1734 ; Livietta e Tracolo, ossia la
quis de Villarosa and the Cavaliere Cori- conladina astuta, ib., 1734 Flaminio, 3 acts, ;
glano raised a monument to his memory. ib., 1735 L' Olimpiade, 3 acts, Rome, 173.").
;
His death was an almost immediate signal II. Church music Kyrie cum gloria, 4 :
for a boundless enthusiasm for his works voc, with orchestra (Vienna, Hasliiiger) ;
all over Italy, and twenty-four years later Mass, 5 voc, with orcli.; i\o. for two 5-part
in France. L' Olimpiade was revived at choruses and double orch.; Dixit, \ voc,
Rome with overwhelming success. Indeed, strings, and organ do., double cborua and ;
1U7
;
PERI
orcli. ; Miserere, 4 voc. and orcli. (Paris, PERI, JACOPO, called II Zazzerino, born
Ple^'el) ; Confitebor, 4 voc. ; 2 Domine ad in the latter half of the 16th century in
adjuvaudum, 4 and 5 voc; Laudate, 5 voc. Florence, died (?). He studied music under
with orcb.; Loctatus sum, 2 soprani and 2 Cristoforo Malvezzi, of Lucca, and became
basses do., 5 voc. Laudate, one voice maestro di cappella to Fernando, Duke of
; ;
with instruments Tuscany, and later to Cosimo II. de'. Me-

; Salve Regina, one voice,
strings, Leduc and Por- dici. He married a rich noblewoman of
and organ (Paris,
ro) Siabat Mater, for sojn-ano and con- the house of Fortini, l)y whom he had a
;
tralto, strings, and organ (Paris, lionjour son who showed great mathematical talent,
and Porro) Dies irse, for soprano and con- and was put to study under Galileo Galilei,
;
tralto, and strings Mass, 2 voc, and or- but eventually ruined himself by dissipation.
;
gan do., in D, 4 voc, with orchestra

; This was the young man, of whom Galileo
Oratorio sacro per la nascitii del Eeden- used to speak as " il mio demone." In
tore. spite of the trouble given him, and the fre-
m. Chamber and concert music : Orfeo, quent disgrace brought upon his household
cantata for one voice and orchestra (in Cho- by his son. Peri continued to move in the
ron's Principes de composition des Ecoles highest Florentine society. He soon as-
d'ltalie)5 cantatas for soprano with clavi-
; sociated himself with Giovanni Bardi, conte
chord 30 trios for 2 violins and violoncello,
; di Vernio, Vincenzo Galilei, Piero Strozzi,
with a figured bass for hari:)sichord (24 of Jacopo Corsi, the poet Ottavio Riuucciui,
these were published in London and Am- and the composer Giulio Caccini, in the
sterdam); Two movements, G voc, from great Renaissance movement known as the
Psalms are in the Fitzwilliam Music (Lon- Florentine Music Reform of the 17th cen-
don, Novello) ; Air in F minor, for clavier, tury (see Ambros, iv. 147) which resulted
is in Clauss-Szarvady's Klavierstiicke (Leip- in the establishment of the so-called stile
sic, Senff) Mass, and a Kyrie, and Gloria, ^rappresentativo, and the foundation of the
;
10 voc, are in MS. in the Fitzwilliam lâ-ic drama. He followed Caccini's eiôch-
Library 3 psalms, a Stabat Mater, a Salve, making Nuove Musiche with a similar
;
and a mass are in the British Museum, Add. work of his own, Le varie musiche del Si-
—
MSS., No. 5044. Villarosa, Lettera biogra- gnor Jacojio Peri, etc., less rigidl^'^ solemn
fica, etc., Naples (1831) do., Memorie dei than Caccini's in the declamator}'^ jôrtions,
;
compositori di musica del Regno di Napoli but also less elaborate in ornamentation.
(Naples, 1840), 141 Belasis, Biografia di He was the first to develop this new st^de
;
Pergolese Fetis Grove. ; of vocal chamber music into actual dramatic

;
PERI, ACHILLE, born at Reggio d' Emi- composition in his setting of Rinuccini's
lia, Italy, Dec 20, 1812, died there, March drama Dafne, which is properly accounted
28, 1880. Dramatic composer was at first the first opera, and was brought out in ;
maestro di cappclla of an Italian opera private at the Palazzo Corsi in 1594 (not
troupe at Marseilles, afterwards at the Tea- 1597, as given in Grove, and as stated by
tro Grande in his native city. Works Una ]\Iarco da Gagliano the work M'as given : ;
visita a Bedlam, IMarseilles, 1839 II soli- during the Carnival of three successive ;
tario, Reggio, 1841 Dirce, ib., 1843 Ester years, and da Gagliano probably heard only
; ;
d'Engaddi, Parma, 1843 Tancreda, Genoa, the last performance). This was soon fol- ;
1848 I fidanzati, ib., 185G Vittore Pisani, lowed by his setting of the same poet's
; ;
Reggio, 1857 Giuditta, biblical drama, Euridice. Singularly enough. Peri did not
;
Milan, 18G0 L' espiazione, ib., 18G1 Or- try to follow up these successes, perhaps
; ;
fano e Diavolo Rienzi, Milan, 18G2. Fe- from lack of opportunity

; certainly he — ;
tis; do.. Supplement, ii. 321. wrote no more operas. He left Florence,
wa
;;
PERKIIS'S
for some unknown reason, and in 1601 was PERIONS, WILLIAM OSCAR, born at
appointed maestro di cappella to the Duke Stockbridge, Vermont, May 23, 1831, still
of Ferrara, His kitest publication was the living, 1890. Son and pupil of Orson Per-
"Varie musiche. Works :and brother of the preceding after
Dafne, pastoral kins ;
oi)era, Florence, Palazzo Corsi, 1594:

studying with American musicians he went (all
trace of this work is lost) Euridice, do., to Europe, and took lessons in singing of J.
;
Florence, IGOO Le varie musiclie del Si- (^. Wetherbee, London, and of G. Periui,
;
gner Jacopo Peri a una, due e tre voci con ]\lilan. On his return home he devoted
alcuni spirituali in ultimo, per cantare nel himself to teaching, conducting, and com-
clavicembalo e cliitarrone e aucora maggior posing. He visited Europe again in 1871-
parte di essa jêr sonare semplicemente 72 received the degree of Mas. Doc. from ;
nel organo (Florence, Marescotti, 1G09). Hamilton College in 1879. He has pub-
Three madrigals, 4 voc, are printed in lished about forty books of compilations,
Kiesewetter's und Beschaf- containing many of his own compositions,
" Schicksale
fenheit des weltlichen Gesanges " (1811). such as Choral Harmony (1859) Perkins's ;
— Ambros, iv. 201, 253 et seq. Grove Anthem Book (1874) The Temple (1879)
; ;
;
;
Eiemann. Choral Choir (1882) The Peerless (1883), ;
PERKINS, HENPtY SOUTH WICK, born, etc. His youngest brother, Julius Edson
of American parentage, in Stockbridge, Ver- Perkins (1845-75), bass singer and pianist,
mont, March 20, 1833, still living, 1890. married in 1874 Marie Ruze, who aftei--
Son and pupil of Orson Perkins (singing- wards became the wife of Henry Majtleson.
master, 1802-82) graduated in 18G1 at the
;
PER LE PORTE DEL TORMEXTO,
Boston Music School. In 1807-71 he was duet for soprano and contralto (Elniira and
president of the Iowa Normal Academy of Sosarme), in E major, with accompaniment
Music, Iowa City in 18G7-G8 professor of
;
of strings complete, in Handel's Sosarme,
music in the State University of Iowa in Act n., Scene 8. Published also separately,
;
1870-74 president of the Kansas Normal with the accompaniment filled out by Rtib-
Academy of Music, Leavenworth in 1887- ert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
;
88 president of the Illinois Music Teachers' PERLE DU BRl^SIL, LA (The Pearl of

Association in 1888 secretary and treasurer
;
Brazil), drame lyrique in three acts, text by
of the Music Teachers' National Association. Ciabriel and Svlvain Saint-Kticnne, music
In 1875-7G he went to Europe, and studied by Felicien David, first represented at the
methods of conducting and teaching. He Theatre Lyrique, Paris, Nov. 22, 1851.
is well known as a conductor of musical This was the
composer's first dramatic wiu-k
conventions, and normal music The admiral Salvador has captured in Bra-
festivals,
schools resides in Chicago.

; Works Sweet zil a young gii'l Zora, whom he educates
:
and Low, Sleep in Peace, She said she'd be and intends to marry. He sets sail with
my Bride, and other quartets Trust her her, and discovers that she has a lover, Lo-
;
not, quintet Make your Homo beautiful, renz, a young lieutenant who hail disguised
;
Little Wanderer, My Mariner, Alone, There's himself as a sailor to

accompany tbcm. A
Peace on the Deep, and other songs. He severe storm compels the ship to seek
shel-
collections, ter in a harboiu- of lirazil, where they are

is the compiler also of several
Zora chants a
such as The Nightingale (18G0) Sabbath attacked by tlie natives.
: ;
and, recognizing
School Trumpet (18G4) Church Bell (18G7) hymn to the
;
Great Spirit,
Suiniyside (1875) Shin- their conipatriot, the Brazilians

make peace.
Song Echo (1871) ; ;
Zora rewarded by permission from the

ing lliver (1875) Palms of Victory (1880)
;
is
The original
Song Wave (1882) Soul Songs (1885) and admiral to marry Ivorenz.
; ;
cast was: Zora, ]\llle Duez ; Loreuz, ^L

several books of instruction.
— ; ;
PERNE
Soyer ; Admiral Salvador, M. Bouclie. sic of the Greeks and of the Middle Ages.
The opera was revived at the Theatre Ly- Works Messe de Sainte-Cecile, 1800 Vivat
: ;
rique, Paris, in March, 1858, with Mme rex, mass for four voices, 1811 Veni Cre- ;
ator, for three voices ; G sonatas for piano-

forte Domine, salvum fac regem, variations
;
for do.; 2 methods for pianoforte; Cours

d'harmonie et d'accompagnement (1822).
He published, also Exposition de la Semei-
:
ographie, ou Notation musicale des Grecs

(Paris, 1815) Chansons du Chiitelain de
;
Coucy (Paris, 1830) and other didactic and

;
?^--7"-^¥W^ historical works. Fetis —

Mendel Rie- ; ;
mann.
PEROTTI, GIOVANNI AGOSTINO,
born at Vercelli, April 12, 1769, died in
Venice, June 28, Dramatic and
1855.
church composer, brother and pupil of the
following, then in Bologna pupil of Mattel
went to Vienna in 1796 as accompanist at
the Italian opera, and to London in 1798,
in the same capacity. In 1801 he settled in
Venice, where in 1812 he became substitute,
and in 1817 successor, to Furlanetto as ma-
estro di cappella at S. Marco. Woi'ks : La
contadina nobile, given at Pisa, 1795 ; Ales-
sandro e Timoteo, rearrangement of Sarti's
Emma Nevada.
opera, London, 1800. Ballets Church ;
Miolan-Carvalho, and at the Opc'ra Coinique, and chamber music. Fetis Riemann. — ;
1883, with Mine Emma Nevada as Zora. PEROTTI, GIOVANNI DOMENICO,

Clement et Larousse, 524: Revue et Gaz. born at Vercelli, Italy, in 1760, died there
;
mus. de Paris (1858), 83. after 1820. Dramatic and church composer,
PERNE, FRANgOIS LOUIS, born in pupil of Fioriui in Milan, and of Padre Mar-
Paris in 1772, died there, May 2G, 1832. tini in Bologna on his return to Vercelli
;
Composer and erudite writer on music he was appointed maestro di cappella at

educated at the maitrise of Saint-Jacques- the cathedral. Works Zemira e Gondarte, :
de-la-Boucherie, where he studied harmony given at Alessandria, 1788 Agesilao, Rome, ;
and counteriioint under the Abbe d'Haudi- 1789 Much church music for the service
;
mont. In 1792 he became a chorus singer in Vercelli Cathedral. Fc'tis. —

at the Opera, but in 1799 exchanged to play PERPETUUM jMOBILE (Perpetual
the double-bass in the band. In 1811 he Motion), rondo in Weber's Sonata in C,
succeeded Catel as professor of harmony for pianoforte, op. 21, completed in Berlin,
fit the Conservatoire, in 1816 became in- Aug. 18, 1812, and dedicated to Madame la
spector, in 1820 librarian, and in 1822 Grande-Duchesse Mario Paulowna of Saxe-
retired to reside on an estate near Laon ;Weimar. The Rondo, which is the last
removed to Laon in 1830, and in 1832 re- movement, is dated "L'infatigable, compo-
turned to Paris. He was a jii'ofound stu- nirt Juno llth and July 15th." Published
dent of ancient music, and expended a vast separately as "Perpetuum Mobile," by
amount of labour in investigating the mu- Schlesinger (Berlin) by Simrock (Bonn;
no
;
PER PIETA
and Berlin) and by Haslinger (Vienna)
; two years to concert work, but had to aban-
as "Mouvement perpetuel," by Brandus & don it on account of an injury to his right
Dufour (Paris) as " Allegro brillant," by
; wrist, and in 1881-83 was professor of pi-
Augener & Co. (London) as " Brilliant ; anoforte at Oberlin Conservatory.
In 1883-
Rondo," by Chaj)pell & Co. (London), and 85 he was again in Europe, appeared in
Ci'amer & Co. (ib.) as " Moto coutinuo," concerts with success, and at Frankfort re-
;
by Chappell & Co. (London) and, " II moto ceived instruction from Clara Schumann.
;
perpetuo," by Ricordi (Milan). The Rondo Since 1885 ho has been instructor in the
has been rearranged by Henselt with mod- Tremont School of Music, Boston, and is
em difficulties, and adapted by Brahms as well known as a concert pianist in New
a study for the left baud. Paganini also England and the Middle and Western
wrote Moto perpetuo. Allegro de concert States. His works consist chiefly of com-
for the violin, op. 11. —
Jahns, Weber Ver- positions for the pianoforte, and songs.
zeichuiss, 159 Benedict, Weber, 140.
; PERRY, GEORGE, born at Norwich,
PER PIETA, BELL' IDOL ]\nO, aria England, in 1793, died in London, March
for soprano with oi'chestra, in E-flat, text 4, 1862. Organist, pupil of Beckwith,
from Metastasio's Artaserse, music by ]\Io- settled in London in 1822, and was at fii-st
zart, composed in Milan in 1770, Breitkopf director of music in Haymarket Theatre and
& Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie vi., Xo. 6. organist of Quebec Chapel In 1832-47 ho
— Kochel, Yerzeichniss, No. 78. was concert-master, and in 1848 conductor,
PER PIETA, NON RICERCATE, rondo of the Sacred Harmony Society. From
for tenor with orchestra, in E-flat, text from 1846 he was organist of Trinity Church,
Anfossi's opera, II ciirioso indiscreto, music Gray's Inn Road. Works Morning, Noon, :
by Mozart, composed June 21, and Night, opera, 1822. Oratorios Elijah
in Vienna, :
1783. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, and the Priests of Baal, 1818 The Fall of ;
Serie vi.. No 27. —

Kochel, Verzeichniss, No. Jerusalem, 1830 TheDeathof Abel Hezc- ; ;
420 ; Andrc', No. 59. kiah ; Belshazzar's Feast, cantata, 1836.

PER QUESTA BELLA ]\IANO, aria for Overture to the Persian Hunters ; xVnthems.
bass, with orchestra, accompaniment and PERSEE, tragC'die-lyrique in five acta
contrabass obligato, in D, by Mozart, com- and prologue, text by Quinault, music by
posed for Franz Gerl in Vienna, March 8, Lully, first represented at the Aoadi'-mio
1791. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Royale de Musique, Paris, Aj^ril 17, 1()82.
Serie No. 46. It

vi., The
was sung at the Lon- It is one of the composer's best operas.
don Philharmouic in 1887.— Kochel, Ver- prologue celebrates Virtue, Innocence, anil
zeichniss, No. 612 Andre, No. 89 Jahu, Fortune. The first act presents plays in
; ;
Mozart, iii. 287. honour of Juno the second, the gardens ;
PER QUESTE TUE MANINE. See Do7i and palace of Cepheus, King of Ethiopia
Giovanni. and father of Andromeda, whom Perseus
PERRY, BAXTER, born, of resolves to deliver. Ho receives a sliield
EDWARD
American parentage, in Haverhill, Massa- from Minei-va and a casque from Phito
I
in ;
chusetts, Feb. 14, 1855, still living, 1890. the third act vanquishes the Gorgon, and
I
Pianist ; when two years old lie was made I

in the fourth rescues Andromeda. The
totally blind by accident from his sixth to; ! last act shows their marriage, and the apo-
his nineteenth year he studied the piano- theosis of Cepheus, Cassiopea, Perseus,
forte in Boston, and in 1875-78 studied in and Andromeda. Original cast Pcrsi'c, M. :
Berlin, Frankfort, Stuttgart, and Weimar, ! Dumesnil Phim'e, M. Boaumaviclle Ce-

; ;
under Kullak, D, Prucknor, and Liszt. On '
phi'e, M. Dun Andromi-de, I\Ille Aubry

; ;
his return he settled in Boston and devoted j

Mcrope, INIlle Martho du Rochois and ;
in
;
persEe
Moduse, ]\Ille Tbevenard sang
Desvoyes. linist, pupil of his father, who was master
the iârt of Pliinc'e with great effect.Pub- of the choristers of the cathedral. He en-
lished by Ballard (Paris, 1682 2d ed., 1722). ; tered the orchestra of the theatre, lived in
Same text, music hj Bernard de Bury, Dau- Avignon as teacher of violin, and in 1787
vergne, Francceur, and Rebel, Paris, 1770 ;
went to Paris, where he produced an ora-
and Persee et Andromede, ballet by Mchul, torio, Le passage de la mer Rouge, at the
ib., June 8, 1810. Italian operas on the Concerts Spirituels. He was first violinist
same subject Perseo, by Andrea Mattioli,
: at the Theatre Montansier in 1790 and at
Venice, 1665 by Antonio Draghi, text by
; the Opera in 1793, chef de chant at the
Aurelio Amalteo, Vienna, 1GG9 ; Le azioni Opera in 1804, chef d'orchcstre in 1810,
fortunate di Perseo, by do., An- ib., 1G91 ; succeeding Rey he became also professor
;
dromeda, text by Bernardoni, composer un- of violin at the Conservatoire when it was
known, ib., Feb, 21, 1702 by Sacchini, ; founded in 1795, but lost this post in 1802.
London, 1774 by Jouo de Sousa Carvalho,
; In 1814 he became inspector-general of the
Lisbon, 1771) and II ritorno di Perseo, by
; Opera, and in 1817, through court influ-
Paisiello, Najiles, 1792. Also an Hungarian ence, superseded Choron as director. He
ballet, Perseus und Andromeda, by George had meanwhile been apj)ointed conductor
Druzecki, Presburg, about 1790. Clement — of the court concerts, and in 1810-15 was
et Larousse, 525. conductor of the orchestra at the Acade-
PERSEE, tragi'die-lyrique in three acts, mic. Afterwards maitre de chapelle to Louis
arranged by Marmontel from Quiuault's text, XVni. in 1814, succeeding Lesueur as super-
music by Philidor, first represented at the intendent of the Royal Chapel. He exhib-
Academic Royale de Musique, Paris, Oct. 27, ited great ability as a conductor, but his
1780. Original cast M. Legros music, though it met with considerable suc-
: Persee, ;
Andromede, Mile Levasseur Mcduse, Mile cess in its day, is now forgotten. Order
;
Durancy Cassiopee, 'Mile Dujjlant Phinee, of St. Michael, 1819 Legion of Honour.
; ;
;
M. Larrivee and Mercure, M. Laiue. La- Works Operas

; Estelle, 1783 La nuit — — ; ;
jarte, i. 319. esiâgnole, 1791 Phauor et Angela, 1798 ;

;
PERSIANI (Persiano), GIOSEFFO, born Fanny Morna, 1799 Leouidas (with Gres- ;
at Recanati, Papal States, in 1804, died in nick),' 1799 Le fruit defendu, 1800 Mar- ; ;
Paris, Aug. 14, 1869. Dramatic composer, cel, 1801 Chant de victoire en I'honneur ;
pupil of Tritto at the royal college of music, de Napoleon, 1806 L'iuauguration de la ;
Naples. About 1837 he went to Paris, and Victoire (with Lesueur), 1807 Le triomj^he ;
after 1838 passed several years in Spain. de Trajan, 1807 Jerusalem delivree, 1812 ;
Works : Piglia il mondo come viene, opera Chant franyais, 1814 L'heureux retour
;
InilTa, Florence, 1826 ; L' inimico generoso, (with Berton and Kreutzer), 1815 Les ;
ib., 1826 Attila, Parma, 1826 Danao, re dieux rivaux (with Spontini), 1816.
; ; He
d' Argo, Florence, 1827 Gaston de Foix, ; wrote also music for
Venice, 1828 Costantino in Aries, ib., 1829
; ballets (some in col-
y ;
Eufemio di Messina, Florence, 1829 II iU^c^^ 1 a b o r a t i o n with ;
solitario, Milan, 1829

nia (a new
I Saraceni in Cata- ;
version of Eufemio di Messina),

Ki-eutzer) Le retour ^ ^^ ^
'^
:
1807 Nina, d'Uly.sse, ;
Padua, 1832 Lies de Castro, Naples, 1835

; 1813 L'epreuve villageoise, 1814 L'heu- ; ; ;
II fantasma, Paris, 1843 L' orfaua savo- reux retour, 1815 Le carnaval de Venise,
; ;
jarda, Madrid, 1846.— Fetis. 1816. His church compositions in MS.

PERSUIS, LOUIS LUC LOISEAU DE, are in the Conservatoire Library. — Fetis ;
born at Metz, July 4, 1769, died in Paris, do.. Supplement, ii. 326 ; Riemann ; Men-
Dec. 20, 1819. Dramatic composer and vio- del.
112
; ;
PERTI
PERTI, JACOPO ANTONIO, born in PESSAED, l^::\nLE louis fortijn:^,
Bologna, June 1661, died there, April 10, born in Paris, May 29, 1843, still living,
6,
1756. Church composer, pupil of Padre 1890. Dramatic

Petronio Franceschini. In 1680 he con- composer, pupil
ducted a mass of his own for solo, chorus, of Bazin and Ca-
and orchestra, in San Petronio, and in 1681 rafa at the Con-
Avas made a member of the Accademia Filar- servatoire, where
raonica, Bologna, of which he was six times he obtained the
principe. He was maestro di cappella of second prize in
San Petronio till his death. Among his 1861, and the
pujDils were Aldovrandini, Laurenti, Pis- first in 1862
tocchi, and Torelli. He was the friend and grand prix de
companion of Padre Martini. Works Op- — Rome, 1866.
eras, all given in Venice Atide, 1679 Mar- : ; He is inspector of vocal music in the public
zio Coriolano, 1683 Flavio, 1686 Rosaura,
; ; schools of Paris. Legion of Honour, 1879.
1689 ; L' 1689
incoronazione di Dario, Works — Operas : La cruche cassee, given at
Brenno in Efeso, 1690 L' ingauno sco- ; the Opera Comique, 1870 ; Le char, ib.,
perto per vendetta, 1691 Furio Camillo, ; 1878 ; Le capitaine Fracasse, Theatre Ly-
1692 Nerone fatto Cesare, 1693 Laodicea
; ; rique, 1878. Solemn mass for 2 voices with
e Berenice, 1695. Church works Cantate : organ Ave Maria, with organ, violin, and
;
morali e spirituali, 1688 Messe e salmi ; violoncello Mater Salvatoris Suite for
; ;
concertati, 1735. The Abbate Santini pos- orchestra March for do.
; Quintet for ;
sessed a fine collection of his music. There wind instruments Trio for pianoforte and ;
is an Adoramus Te by Perti in the Fitzwill- strings Pianoforte music, and songs.

; Fe- —
iam Library, Cambridge, and Novello has tis, Supplement, ii. 327 ; Mendel, Ergiinz.,
included two fine choruses by him in his 333.
PETER SCHMOLL UND SEINE
NACHBARN (Peter Schmoll and his Neigh-
bours), German comic opera in two acts,
" Sacred Music," vol. wrote two or- text by Joseph Tiirke, from Carl Gottlob
ii. He
atorios, Giesii al sepolcro, and La morte di Cramer's novel of the same title (Kudolstadt,
Giesti, 1718. —
Burney, Hist, iv. 51 Eie- 1798-99), music by Weber, represented ;
mann Mendel Schilling.

; ; at Augsburg, in March, 1803. It was writ-
PESCETTI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, ten in Salzburg, when Weber was a pupil

born in Venice in 1704, died there in 1766. of Michael Haydn, who recommended this
Organist, and di'amatic and church com- work of the young composer. It was re-
poser, pupil of Lotti was appointed in 1762 ; hearsed in Salzburg in June, 1802, and was
organist of the second organ in S. Marco. probably first given there. The libretto is
He was in London in 1737-40. Works Op- — laid in the time of the French Rcvolulicui,
eras II prototipo, Venice, 1726
: La canta- ;
and is arranged as a Singspiel with spoken
trice, ib., 1727 Dorinda, ib., 1729 I tre
; ;
dialogue. The music as a whole is some-
defensori della patria, ib., 1730 Narcisso al ;
what crude, but the harmonies are original
fonte, ib., 1731 II vello d'oro, London, 1737
; ;
and the instrumeutntion novel and full of
Demetrio, ib., 1738 Alessandro nell' Indie, ;
colour, exhibiting the individuality of the
Venice, 1740 Tullio Ostilio, 1740
;
Ezio, ;
composer. He has used also several obso-
1747 Diana ed Endimione, cantata, Lon-
;
lete instruments to characterize the situa-
don, 1739. Church music 9 sonatas for ;
tions of the play. The music of ^linctte's
pianoforte. —Fetis ; Mendel ;
Schilling. song in the first act was again used for the
113
;
PETERSEN
song, "Wird Philomele trauern," in Abu sided but returned to his native
in Italy,
Hassan and for the last song in the finale country. Works Musica reservata Con-
: ;
of the third act of Oberon. Characters rep- solationes ex psalmis Davidicis, 4 voc. (Nu-
resented: Peter Schmoll, Bast, and Greis remberg, 1552) Motets in the collections
;
(B.) Oberbereiter and Niclas (T.)

;
and ;
of Adrien Leroy and Ballard Treatise on
;
]Minette (S.). The original MS. is in the —

music (Nui-emberg, 1552). Fetis Mendel ;
possession of Max von Weber, and a copy Schilling.

is owned by P. W. Jiihns. The opera was PETIT CHAPERON ROUGE, LE (Little
not published. Weber rescored and partly Red Riding-hood), opera-comique in three
rewrote the overtvire in E-flat iu 1807, and acts, text by Tht-aulon, music by Boieldieu,
it was published by Gombart (Augsburg) first represented at the Theatre Feydeau, ;
also for pianoforte for two and for four Paris, June 30, 1818. The libretto is an
hands by Schlesinger (Berlin) full score, ; adaptation of the old fairy tale of Perrault.
Peters (Leipsic), and by Eichault (Paris). Red Riding-hood iu the opera becomes
— Jiihns, Weber, Verzeichniss, No. 8 Weber, ; Rose d' Amour, a simple peasant girl, who
Weber, i. G5, 73 Grove, iv. 410. ; on her way to visit an old hermit is attacked
PETERSEN, KABL AUGUST, born iu Ijy the wolf, who is the Baron Rodolphe.
Hamburg, May 27, 1801, died (?). Flutist, He possesses a magic ring, the power of
son and pupil of the following abandoned ; which no woman is able to resist, but by
his instrument for the violin and pianoforte, virtue of her red hood, which is a talisman.
both of which he taught in Hambvirg, after Rose d'Amour escapes. The Baron hurries
having travelled through Denmark and to the hermit's abode, and waits for her in
Sweden. Works Polonaise for pianoforte, : disguise. Rose d'Amour is again saved,
with orchestra Duos for violins
; Rondo this time by the hermit, who returns to his
;
for violin and pianoforte; Sonata for do.; home and discovers that she is the Baron's
Polonaises, rondos, divertissements, etc. niece. Rose d'Amour is afterwards given
— Fc'tis Mendel Schilling.
; ; in marriage to Count Roger, who had won
PETERSEN, PETER NIKOLAS, born her heart in the guise of a shepherd. The
at Bederkesa, near Bremen, Sept. 2, 17G1, opera showed a marked advance in Boiel-
died in Hamburg, Aug. 19, 1830. Virtuoso dieu's style, and the orchestration was richer
on the flute, self-taught, joined a band of than that of his former wôrks. The Petit
travelling musicians when still a boy, and Chaperon rouge was given iu Vienna under
at the age of seventeen entered a militia the title of Rothkiippchen, March 27, 1819 ;
regiment in Hamburg as oboe player. In in Berlin, July 7, 1819 and in Dresden, ;
course of time he began to teach, and hav- Dec. 10, 1823. It was revived at the Opera
ing appeared in public for the first time in Comique, Paris, in 1860. The score was
1791, retained favour as the foremost flutist dedicated to Louis XV ill., and published
of Hamburg for thirty years. He also made by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, and by Peters (Leip-
important improvements in his instrument. sic). Same title, melodrama by Schaffner,
Works l^tudes pour la flute, 2 books Ada- Paris, Feb, 28, 1818. Clement et Larousse,
: ; —
gio et variations pour la flute et piano Re- 526 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 96 Allgem.
; ; ;
cueil de duos pour deux flfites Mothode mus. Zeitg., xx. 571.;
de flilte.— Ft'tis Mendel. ; PETIT DUC, LE (The Little Duke),

PETIT, ADRIEN (called Coclicus, also opera-comique iu three acts, text by Henri
Petri), born in Germany about 1500, died Meilhac and Ludovic Hah'vy, music by
probably there. Pupil of Josquin Despres, Lecocq, first represented at the Theatre de
having gone to France in his youth he la Renaissance, Paris, Jan. 25, 1878, with ;
travelled afterwards, and seems to have re- Mile Jeanne Granier as le petit due. It
114
;: ;
PETITE
was first given in English at the IsHngton brated dramatic composers of Italy, second
Philharmonic Theatre, London, April 27, only to Verdi. His operas enjoyed great
1878 and first in New York, March 17, popularity for twenty-
;
1879. PubHshed by Brandus & Co. (Paris, five years. Works

1878). — Clement et Larousse, 933 ; Athe- H giorno delle nozze ;
naeum (1878), i. IGl. Pulcinella morto o

PETITE MADEMOISELLE, LA, opcra- non morto, Naples,
comique in three acts, text by Meilhac and 1832 ; Lo scroccone,
Halevy, music by Lecocq, first represented ib., 183G ; I pirati
at the Tliuatre de la Renaissance, Paris, spagnuoli, 1837 ; ib.,
April 12, 1879. The scene is in and near Le miniere di Freim-

Paris in 1G52. The petite mademoiselle is berg, ib., 1839 Lo ;
a young widow, the Countess Cameroni, precauzioni, ib., 1851

whom Mazarin wishes to marry to the Elena di Tolosa, ib., 1852 Marco Visconti, ;
brother of the dead count. She refuses, ib., 1854 Elnava, o 1' assedio di Leida,
;
joins the Fronde, and travels to Paris under Milan, 1855 lone, ossia I'ultimo giorno di
;
the passport of Mme Douillet. Aided by Pompeji, ib., 1858 II duca di Scilla, ib., ;
the capitaine de Manicamp, she passes 1859 ;Morosina, Naples, 18G0 II folletto ;
through the garrison and arrives in Paris. di Gresy, ib., 18G0 Virginia, ib., 18G1 La ; ;
He follows, takes her prisoner, and after- contessa d' Amalfi, Turin, 1864 ; Celiuda,
wards marries her. This opera was given Naples, 1865 Cateriua Howard, Rome,
;
in English as Madelon at the Casino, New 1866 I iDromessi sposi, Lecco, 1866 Gio-
; ;
York, Dec. 5, 1887. PubHshed by Bote & vanna II. di Napoli, Naples, 1869 Manfredo, ;
—
Bock (Berlin, 1879). Revue et Gaz. mus. ib., 1872 Bianca Orsini, ib., 1874 Cimo-
; ;
de Paris (1879), 123 Clement et Larousse,

;
docea, Diana, ossia la fata di Pozzuoli, not
934. given. — Fetis, Supplement, ii. 328 Mendel.
;
PETITE MARI1^]E, LA, opera-bouffe in PETROBELLI, FRANCESCO, born at

three acts, text by Eugene Leterrier and Bologna about 1635. Church composer,
Alljert Vanloo, music by Lecocq, first rep- maestro di cai)pella of the cathedral at
resented at the Theatre de la Renaissance, Padua. Works Motetti e Litanie della :
Paris, Dec. 21, 1875, with great success. B. V. (Antwerp) ; Salmi a quattro voei con
—Clement et Larousse, 8G7 ; Athenaeum stromeuti obligati (Venice, 1662) ; Musiche
(1876), i. 29. sacre concertate, etc. (Bologna, 1670) Can-
;
PETIT SOUPER, LE (The Little Sup- tate a una e due voci, etc. (ib., 1676) Mo- ;
per), opera-comique in one act, by Dalayrac, tetti, Antifone e litanie della B. V. a 2

first represented at the Theatre de la Cour, voci (ib., 1677) Musiche da camera (Ven- ;
Paris, in 1781. Same title, o^êra-comique, ice, 1682) Psalmi breves octo vocibus (ib., ;
text by Violet d'l^pagny, music by Dourlen, 1684) Salmi dominicali a 8 voci (ib., 1686)
;
given at the Feydeau, Paris, Feb. 22, 1822. Scherzi musicali, etc. (ib., 1693). — Fetis ;
PETRELLA, ERRICO, born in Palermo, Mendel.

Dec. 10, 1813, died in Genoa, April 7, 1877. PETZOLD, EUGEN KARL, born at
Dramatic composer, pupil of Saverio del Ronneburg, Saxe-Alteiiburg, Nov. 7, 1813,
Giudice on the violin, and, at the Conserva- died Jan. 22, 1889. Organist, pupil of Can-
torio San Pietro a Majella, of IMichele Costa, tor Hasenmeycr on the pianoforte, then at
Bellini,Furno, Ruggi, and of Zingarelli. He the Tliomasschule in Leipsic of Wcinlig in
produced his first opera, II diavolo color di theory, later of David on tlic violin, of
rosa, 1829, while studying at this school, Julius Knorr and August Klengel on tlio
and rapidly became one of the most cele- pianoforte, of Pohlcuz in singing and on
; ;;
;
PEVERNAGE
score- Van der Straeten, 127-129 243-244
the organ, and of Mendelssohn in i. ; ii. ;
reading. In 1837 he founded the Phil- iii. 5 ; vi. 56, 178.
harmonic Society, in 1838-39 was Kapell- BEZEL (Pezelius), JOHANN, born in

meister of the Stadttheater at Bautzen, and Austria in the first half of the 17th century.
in 1840 went to Switzerland as musical Instrumental composer, canon of the Order

instructor at an institute. Having visited of St. Augustine, entered in 1672 a monas-
Paris in 1841, he became in 1842 organist tery in Prague, but left it in the year
fol-
and music director at Murten and in 1844 lowing and went to Bautzen, Saxony, where
at Zofingen, Canton Aargau where he ac- he embraced Protestantism, and
became
tively promoted musical culture by the town piper afterwards lived in the same ;
establishment of regular subscription con- capacity at Leii:)sic. Ho is one of the few

certs, oratorio performances, etc. In 1874 composers who, in the 17th century, cul-
he retired from public life, retaining only tivated exclusively instrumental music.
his position as organist. In 1845 he visited Works Musica vespertina Lijisiaca, for 1- :
Italy, and in 1851 London. Works Music 5 voices (Leij^sic, 1669) Hora decima, for
:
;
to Goethe's Faust do. to Schiller's Wil- 5 voices (ib., 1669) Musikalische Arbeit
;
;
helm Tell Concert compositions for solo, zum Abblasen, bestehend in 40 Sonetteu
;
chorus, and orchestra do. for various solo mit 5 Stimmen (ib., 1670) Arieu iiber die
;
;
instruments Church music

; Pianoforte iiberflussigen Gedanken (ib., 1673; Mu-
;
pieces ;
—
Songs and choruses. Mendel, Er- sikalische Seelenerquickungen (ib., 1675)
giinz., 334. Bicinia variorum instrumentorum, etc. (ib.,
PEVERNAGE, ANDR:^, Cour- 1674) Intraden in zwei Theilen (ib., 1676)
born at ;
trai, Flanders, in 1543, died in Antwerp, Delicise musicales, etc. (Frankfort, 1678)
July 30, 1591. Church composer, pupil at Intraden ii 4, nehmlich mit einem Cornet
the maitrisc of his cathedral, where he was und drei Trombonen (Leipsic, 1683)
chorister, and of which he became maitre de Fiinfstimmige blasende Abendmusik, etc.
chapelle at the age of twenty. In 1574 he (Frankfort, 1684) Musikalische Gemiiths- ;
married, and moved Antwerp as

to choir- ergotzungen, etc. (1685) ; Opus musicum
master of the cathedral, and led an Musica
active sonatorum, etc. (Frankfort, 1686) ;
life in composing, editing a collection of curiosa Lipsiaca, etc. (Leipsic, 1686) His .
other authors' works, and giving at his only vocal composition is: Jahrgang tiber
own house weekly performances from the die Evangelia von 3-5 Vokalstimmen, etc.
best masters. Works 5 books of sacred (Leipsic, 1678). He published also: Ob-
:
motets (Antwerp, 1574-91) 5 masses (ib., servationes musical (Leipsic, 1678-83) In-
; ;
1593) and 7 books of motets (ib., 1602). felix musicus (ib., 1678) Musica politico- ;
The British Museum has a book of chan- practica (ib., 1678).— Fetis Gerber Men- ; ;
sons, and two imperfect copies of Harmo- del Reissmann, Gesch., ii. 300 Riemann. ; ;
nic celeste, a collection of madrigals ed- PFEIFFER, GEORGES JEAN, born at

ited by him, in which seven of his own Versailles, Dec. 12, 1835, still living, 1890.
appear (1583). Eitner mentions sixteen Pianist and instrumental composer, son and
detached pieces in various collections of pupil of the pianist Clara Virginie Pfeiffer,
the time. Tsvo have been printed in mod- and in composition pupil of Maleden and
ern type, an Ode a Sainte-Cecile, O Virgo Damcke. He won immediate success as a
generosa (Commer. col. op. mus. Batav., vol. virtuoso, played in London in 1862, and is
vii., Berlin), and a 9-part Gloria in excel- much sought as a teacher. His composi-
sis, in the Concilia of von Oberhoffer (Lux- tions rank among the best of the modern
—
emburg, 1863). Fetis Eiemann Mendel French school. He is a partner in the firm
; ;
Schilling Gerber Ambros, Gesch., iii. 316

; ; of Pleyel, Wolflf & Cie, Paris, pianoforte
;
116
PFINGSTEN
makers. "Works : 3 concertos for piano- Theresa's death. The prologue, the sub-
forte and orchestra ; Allegro sympbonique ject of which is the return of the Golden
for do. ; Symphony for orchestra ; Jeanne Age, in praise of Louis XIV., is written for
d'Arc, symphonic poem Agar, lyrical scenes two characters, Saturne and Astree. The
;
for soli, chorus, and orchestra Overture to opera contains many brilUant scenes, and
;
Le Cid Quintet for pianoforte and strings the temple of Isis, the palace of the Sun,
; ;
Trio for do.; Sonatas for do.; Le capitaine and Phaeton's ride and fall were represented
Rocb, comic opera Romances, waltzes, with great magnificence. The music ranks
;
mazurkas, sonatas, etudes, and many other among Lully 's best compositions. The op-
pieces for pianoforte. —
Fetis do.. Supple- era was revived in 1742. Published by
;
ment, ii. 331 Mendel, Ergiinz., 335.

; Ballard (Paris, 1683 2d ed., 1713). This ;
PFINGSTEN (Whitsuntide), cantata, text work occasioned several parodies, one of

by Immergriin, music by Ferdinand Hiller, which was entitled Le cocher maladroit.
op. 119. Published by Kistner (Leipsic, Other operas on the same subject In Ital- :
1860-67). ian, Fetonte, by J. H. Kapsberger, Rome,

PFINGSTEN IN FLORENZ, operetta in 1630 by Pietro Paradisi, London, Dec. 17, ;
three acts, text by Riegeu, Zell, and Genee, 1747 by Karl Heiurich Graun, text by ;
music by Alphons Czibulka, first repre- Villati, Berlin, March 29, 1750 and by Jom- ;
sented in Vienna, Dec. 20, 1884. An Eng- melli, Stuttgart, June 11, 1769. Phaeton,
lish version, entitled Amorita, translation English tragedy by Gildou, with music by
by Sidney Rosenfeld and Leo Goldmark, Daniel Purcell, London, 1698 and The ;
was given at the Casino, New York, Nov. Fall of PhaiitoD, English opera by Thomas
16, 1885. Augustine Arne, ib., 1736. In German :
PH^DRA, music to the tragedy of Prince PhaiJthon und Nais, by Bachmann, Dresden,
Georg of Prussia (G. Conrad), by Wilhelm about 1790, and by Bierey, Breslau, about
Taubert, first performed in Berlin in 1868. 1804. O precipicio de Phaetonte, Portu-
Operas on this subject, in Italian Fedra guese opera, by Antonio Joao da Silva, Lis-
:
incoronata, text by Vissari, composer un- bon, 1738. Lajarte, i. 44 Cle-meut et La- — ;
known, Munich, 1662 Fedra, by Gluck, rousse, 528. ;
Milan, 1744 by Giovanni Paisiello, NajDles,

; PHAETON, symphonic poem, for oi*-
1788 by Niccolini, Rome, 1804 by Ferdi- chestra, in C, by Saint-Saeus, op. 39, first
; ;
nando Orlaudi, Padua, 1820 by Simon performed in Berlin, Feb. 14, 1876. Dedi-
;
Mayr, text by Romanelli, Milan, Dec. 26, cated toMme Berthe Pochet, nee de Tinan,
1820 by John Franc Westmoreland, Flor-
;
and published by Durand Schcenewerk &
ence, Nov. 17, 1824 and in French, Phedre,
;
Cie (Paris, 1876) ; arranged for the piano-
text by F. B. Hoffman, music by Lemoine, forte for four hands by E. Guiraud.
at the Academic Royale de Musique, Paris, PHi5^DRE, overture to Racine's tragedy,
Nov. 21, 1786. grand orchestra, in G minor, by Mas- for
PHAETON, tragedie-lyrique in five acts senet, first performed at the Concerts Popu-
with prologue, text by Quinault, music by laires, Paris, March 26, 1876. It is dedi-
Lully, first represented at Versailles, Jan. cated to Joseph Dupont, and published by
6, 1683 Academie Royale de Mu- Schott (Mainz, 1876).
; at the
sique, 27, 1683.
Paris, April This work PHILl':\ION ET BAUCIS, ballet-lu'ro-
was received with immense applause, and ique in one act, text by Chabanon de ^lau-
became such a favourite that it was called gris, music by Gossec, first represented at
" I'opera du peuple." It was played every the Academie Royale de Musique, Paris, j
Alexis
night until July 30, 1083, when Lully closed Sept. 26, 1775. It was given after
Maria Daphne, a pastorale in one act, by the
the theatre, on the announcement of et ,
117
puilEmon
same authors. Original cast Philemon, Suite de danses pour les violons et
: nuets ;
M. Larrivee Baucis, Mile Levasseur and

;
hautboys Pieces a deux basses de viole,
; ;
Jupiter, M. Gclin. basse de violon et bassou Pieces de trom- ;
PHILEMON ET BAUCIS, French opera pettes et timballes Partition de plusieurs ;
in three acts, text Ly Barbier and Carre, marches et batteries de tambour, etc. Fetis, —
music by Gounod, first represented at the Supplement, ii. 331.
Tlu'atre Lyrique, Paris, Feb. 18, 1860. PHILIDOR, ANNE DANICAN-, born in
The opera had first been composed in one Paris, April 11, 1G81, died there, Oct. 8,
act for the theatre of Baden. The subject 1728. Flutist and dramatic composer, son
is treated in a half-mythological, half-bur- of the preceding, was admitted to the king's
lesque manner. The original cast included chamber music in 1702, and established
Bataille, Fromant, Balanque, and Mme Car- the Concerts Spirituels in 1725. Works :
valho. Other operas on the subject are L'Amour vainqueur, pastorale, 1G97 Diane
:
;
Baucis e Filemone, by Gluck, Parma, 17G9 et Endymiou, 1G98 Danae, opera, Marly,
; ;
by Joiio Cordeiro da Silva, Lisbon, 1789 1701 Te Deum, motet a 4 voix et chanto
; ;
in French, by P. Alex. Monsiguy, 1771, not sur mer, etc. Pieces pour la flrtte, violons ;
given in German, Philemon und Baucis, et hautbois, etc. (1712).

;
His brother Fran-
Marionettenoper, by Joseph Haydn, Esz- cois, born at Versailles, March 17, 1G89, was
terhaz, Sept. 2, 1773 Singspiel, by Joh. also an able flutist, and has left 2 books of
;
Buhm, 1805 melodrama, by Franz Stanis- Pieces for his instrument (Paris, 171G,
;
laus Spindler, 1800 music to Conrad Gott- 1718).— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 337.
;
lieb Pfeffel's drama, Philemon und Baucis, PHILIDOR, FRANgOIS ANDRE DA-
by Anton Schweitzer, Weimar, 1770 bal- NICAN-, born at
;
let to the same, by K Chr. Agthe, Ballen- Dreux (Euro- • et-

stildt, and nuisic to Konrad Eckhoff 's
1790 ; Loir), Sept. 7,
drama, by Karl David Stegmann, Gotha, 172G, died in

1777. —Clement etLarousse, 530 Hanslick, ; London, Aug. 31,
Mus. Stationen, 131. 1795. He was
PHILIDOR, ANDPtl': DANICAN-, called the youngest son
Philidor born in Paris about 1047,
rainc-, of Andre D;mi-
died at Dreux, Aug. 11, 1730. Dramatic can-Philidor, by
composer, son of Jean Danican-Philidor his second mar-
(1G20-79) member of the Grande Ecurie,
;
riage. His talent
the Chambre, and the Chapelle of Louis both for chess and
XIV. He played the bassoon, cromorne, music showed it-
oboe, and trompette marine, and competed self at an early age, although he became the
with Lully in writing bugle-calls, fanfares, first chess-player in the world before he was
and military marches. He was also libra- at all noted as a musician, or, indeed, before
rian of the king's music library from IGS-l he showed much enthusiasm for music. As
until his death. Works Le canal de Ver- a boy he was a page in the Chapelle du Roi,
:
sailles, opera-ballet, 1G87 ; La princesse de and laid the foundations of a good musical
Crete, do. Masquerades : Lo mariage de la education by studying harmony under Cam-
Couture avec la grosse Cathos, 1G88 ; Mas- pra. When he left the chapelle he went to
carade des Savoyards, Le roy de la Chine, Paris, where for some time he supported
Marly, 1700 ; La noce do Les Ama- himself by lessons and copying music. But
village ;
zoncs Le lendemaiu de la noce Le

; vais- the discouragements he met with were such
;
seau marchand Le jeu des echecs; La that he abandoned music, and took up chess-
;
fete d'Ai'cueil. Trios, passe-pieds, et me- playing as a profession. At the age of eigh-
PTTTLTDOr,
teen was already one of the most formid- and Monsigny he was at once more orig-
lie ;
able players in Europe. In 1745 be set out inal, his harmony was more correct and va-
on a tour, beating the famous Stamma in ried, and he gave far more importance to
Amsterdam. Thence he went to Germany, the chorus and the orchestra than they in ;
staying some time, in 1748, at Aix-la-Cha- orchestration especially he was the superior
pelle, to write a book on chess. Lord Sand- of any French composer of his da}-. But in
wich invited him to the English camp be- melodic grace and dramatic instinct, both
tween Bois-le-Duc and Maestricht, where Monsigny and Gretry suiijassod him. His
the Duke of Cumberland was so pleased popularity was unbounded, and he was the
with him and his play that he invited him first composer ever called before the curtain
to London and to publish his " Analyse du jeu in Paris —
after the first performance of his
des t'checs," the first edition of which ap- Sorcier, hi 17G4. Works— I. Operas Lo :
peared in 1749. He won immense distinc- diable a quatre, four acts, Paris, Opt'ra Co-
tion on this and other visits to London, mique, Aug. 19, 175G Le retour du prin- ;
especially at the Chess Club, which institu- temps, opc'ra-ballet, December, 175G Blaise ;
him a regular pension.

tion afterwards gave le savetier, one
Opera Comique, March
act.
His zeal for music sprang up suddenly in 9, 1759 L'lmitre et les plaideurs, ou le
;
1754, when he wrote a Lauda Jerusalem, tribunal de la chicane, one act, Theatre de
hoping to get the post of surintendant de la Foire Saint-Laurent, Sept. 18, 1759 Le ;
la musique du roi in Paris, Diderot and quiproquo, two acts, Comedie Itahenne,
others of his friends having done their best March G, 17G0 (afterwards reduced to one
to persuade him that the mental strain of act, as Le volage fixe) ; Le soldat magicien,
continued chess-playing was injuring him, one act, Theatre de la Foire Saint-Laurent,
and that music was his true vocation. He Aug. 14, 17G0 Le jardinier et son seigneur,
;
did not, however, get the aj^pointment as one act, Feb. 18, 17G1, revived at the The-
surintendant but his self-love would not atre Lyrique, j\Lay 1, 17G3 Le viarechal-
; ;
brook the idea of failure, and he turned ferrant, two acts. Theatre de la Foire Saint-
his attention to dramatic composition. His Laurent, Aug. 22, 17G1 Sanoho Panya dans ;
first opera, Blaise le savetier, 1759 (strictly son lie, one act, Coniedie Italienne, July 8,
speaking, his Second his Diable a quatre 1762 Le hicheron, ou les trois souhaits,
; ;
had failed in 175G), was a brilliant success, one act, ib., Feb. 28, 17G3 Les fCtes de la ;
and was followed by others equally fortu- paix (intermezzo, written on the conclusion
nate. But his passion for chess continued of peace with England), 17G3 Le sorcier, ;
unabated, and in 1777 he returned to Lon- two acts. Theatre Italien, Jan. 2, 17G4 Tom ;
don. Going back to Paris in 1779, he Jones, three acts, ib., Feb. 27, 17G5 Ernc- ;
found Gluck and Gretry high in popular linde, princessc de Norvege, three acts. Aca-
favour, yet tried, nevertheless, for fresh lau- demic Royalo de Musique, Xov. 24, 17G7,
rels with his Persee and Thcmistocle, but and revived as Sandomir, prince de Dane-
without his former success. Every year he mark, Dec. 11, 1773 Le jardinier dc Sidon, ;
would pass a few months in London, play- two acts. Theatre Italien, Jul}' 18, 17G8 ;
ing chess in 1792 he got permission from L'amant degiiise, ou le jardinier suppose,
;
the Comite du Salut Public to make his one act, ib., Sept. 3, 17G9 La rosihv do ;
regular visit there, but he was i)reventcd Salency (with several others), ib., Oct. 25,
from returning to Paris, and his relations 17G9 La nouvelle ecole des feinmes, three
;
did not succeed in getting his name struck acts, ib., Jan. 22, 1770 ono ; Lo bon fils,
off from the list of emigres before his death. act, ib., Jan. 11, 1773 ou
; Zelime et M«'lide,
Pliilidor was decidedly a more cultivated les fausscs infidrlitt's, ib., Oct. 30, 1773 ;
musician than his contemporaries Gn'try Bcrtlie, three acts (with Botsou and Gos-
11!)
: ;
PHILIDOR
sec), Brussels,1775 Les femmes vengees, ;
F. (Paris, 1768) ; Lettre a M. le Chevalier
one act, Paris, Theatre Italien, March 20, de . . . a I'occasion du nouvel opera
1775 Le puits d'amour, ou les amours de
;
(ib., 1868) Piot, Particularitea (Ernelinde), ;
Pierre le Long et Blanche Bazu, one act, concernant les ceuvres musicales inedites
May 1, 1779 Persee, three acts. Academic de Gossec et de Philidor Epitre a M. A.
; ;
Bojale de Musique, Oct. 24, 1780 Le dor- Philidor, by a Citoyen (Paris, 1780) Lar-
; ;
meur eveille, 1783 Uamitie au village, din, Philidor peint par lui-meme (Paris,
;
tliree acts. Theatre Italien, Oct. 31, 1785 ; 1817) ; Fetis, vii. ; Clement, Mus. cclebres,
Thi'mistocle, three acts, Fontainebleau, Oct. 101 ; La France musicale (Dec. 22, 1867, to
13, 1785, and Academic Eoyale de Musique, Feb. 16, 1868) ; Allen, Life of Philidor.
May 1786 La belle esclave (not per-

23, ;
PHILIDOR, PIERRE DANICAN-, born
formed) Le mari comme il les faudrait tous, in Paris, Aug. 22, 1681, died there (or at
;
one act, 1788 Bidisaire, three acts (Act U. Versailles), Sept. 1, 1731. Flutist, son and
;
is said to be by Berton), Theatre Italien, pupil of Jacques Philidor (called Philidor
Oct. 3, 1796. n. Church music Lauda le cadet, brother of Andre, born in Pai'is,
:
Jerusalem, motet, performed at the Concert May 5, 1657, died at Versailles, May 29,
Spirituel, Paris, Feb. 2, 1755 Mass for the 1708), also pupil of his uncle Andre at first
; ;
anniversary of Rameau's death, Oratoire, oboe player of the Grande Ecurie, then of
Pai-is, 1766 Te Deum, Concert Spirituel, the Chapelle (1701), he became flutist of the
;
Paris, Aug. 15, 1786 and many motets chamber music in 1712, and viola player in
;
performed at the Concerts Spirituels, but 1716. Works: Pastorale, Marly, 1697; 6
not published. HI. ^Miscellaneous works suites a deux flutes, etc. (Paris, 1717, 1718)
L'Art de la modulation, quartets for two Trio, contenant 6 suites, etc. (ib.). Fctis, —
violins, oboe, and bass, dedicated to M. le Supplement, ii. 338.
due d'Ayen (Paris) Ariettes periodiques, ; PHILIPPE DE MONS. See Monte.
for one voice with accompaniment of violin, PHILIPPE ET GEORGETTE, opera-
viola, bass, oboe, and horn, and also a sim- comique in one act, text by Monvel, music
ple accompaniment of violin and bass, pub- by Dalayrac, first represented at the Come-
lished by Philidor and Trial every fifteen die Italienne, Paris, Dec. 28, 1791. This
days. Philidor's include 1. Le triomphe : Avork was given in Berlin, Feb. 11, 1805, in
de la jeunesse 2. Les rigueurs d'Hortense
; ; a German translation by A. W. Schlegel.
3. Le iêre de famille 1. Le printemps 5. ; ; —Clement et Larousse, 530.
Le pohtique 5 bis. ; A
quelque chose malheur PHILIPPS, PETER (Petrus Philippus,
estbon; 6. Aux sons amoureuxdes musettes; Pietro Filippo), born in England about 1560,
7 and 7 bis. Contrapuntist, and
Venes, venes sous ces bosquets died in April,
1025.
charmauts. La restitution ; 8. La
cham- church composer was canon of Bethune in
vie ;
pc'tre 9. L'image de la guerre 10. L'indiffe- French Flanders, became organist of the
; ;
rent; 11. L'amant malheureux 12. La ber- vice-royal chapel of the Archduke Albert and
;
gere coquette L'ete, song for one voice with Isabella, governors of the Low Countries
; ;
two violins, viola, and bass Six ariettas apjDointed in 1610 canon of the Collegiate
;
composed for Sauvigny's Histoire amoureuse Church of Saint- Vincent at Soignies. Bur-
de Pierre le Long et de sa tres-honoree ney says that the first regular fugue upon
dame Blanche Bazu and Carmen seculare, one subject that he had met with was that
;
an ode, London, 1779. Philidor also pub- by Peter Philipps, found, with others of his
lished a book on chess, Analyse du jeu des compositions, in Queen Elizabeth's Virginal
echecs (London, 1719). —
Rt'llexions sur un Book, Trinity College Library, Cambridge.
prospectus oh Ton propose par souscription Hawkins has printed a four-jârt madrigal
la partition complete d'Ernelinde, by T. of his. Works: Melodia Olympica di di- . .
120
;
PHILLIPS
versi eccellentissimi musici a iv., v., vi. e viii. '
cess's Theatres. Organist of St. Catherine's

voci (1591) ; reprints Four Church, Regent's Park. Works Symphony
(1594-1011). :
books of madrigals (1596, 1598, 1603) Mo- in F minor Cantata Songs. ; i
; ;
tets for 5 voices (1612) do. for 8 voices PHILOSOPH, DER, symphony in E-flat,
;
[
(1613) Gemmulffi sacrse, for 2-3 voices

; liy Haydn about 1764.
written
with continuo (1613) Litanies for 4-6 ; PHILP, ELIZ.IBETH, born in Falmouth,
voices (1623) Paradisus sacris cantiouibus
; England, in 1827, died
conditus (1628). Gi-ove Fetis Burney, — ; ; in London, Nov. 2 6,
Hist., iii. 86 Barrett, English Church
; 1885. Vocal composer,
Composers, 14 Riemaun Mendel Schil- ; ; ; pupil of Manuel Garcia,
ling Gerber.
; Marchesi, and Ferdi-
PHILLIPS, PHILIP, born, of American nand Hiller. She de-
parentage, in Casadaga, New York, Aug. voted herself to teach-
13,
1834, still living, 1890. He studied under ing and composed a
Lowell Mason, George F. Root, Adams Da- number of mei-itorious
vis, and others. In 1853 he began con- songs and part-songs,
ducting singing-schools in Alleghany, New many of which have
York, and neighbouring places. In 1860 been popular. Among her first was a ballad
he published Early Blossoms, a collection, (1855), Tell me, the summer stars, words
of which 20,000 were sold then opened a ; by Edwin Arnold. She set also six songs
music shop in Cincinnati, where, in 1863, from Longfellow^ The Water Babies, Eliza-
he published Musical Leaves, which had a beth Barrett Browning's " Inclusions," Vic-
sale of 700,000. During the Civil War he tor Hugo's " Chant des lavandiores," and
gi'eatly aided the Christian Commission by Prudhomme's "Le soupir." Many of her
services of song in different parts of the songs and part-songs were sung by herself
country. He has made
Eu- and other singers at her own concerts.
several trips to
rope, conducting there nearly six hundred PHILTRE, LE, French opera in two acts,
musical entertainments in a tour round text by Scribe, music by Auber, first rep-
;
the world he held praise services in the resented at the Academic Royale de Mu-
Sandwich Islands, Australia, New Zealand, sique, Paris, June 20, 1831. The subject
Palestine, Egypt, India, and in many Euro- is the same as Donizetti's Elmi-r d' amore.
pean cities. In 1866 he removed to New Original cast Teresine, !\Ime Damoreau :
;
York, where he has since resided. His Guillaume, M. Adoli)he Nourrit Fonta- ;
other published works are: Singing Pil- narose, M. Levasseur and Joli Cceur, M. ;
gi'im, 1865 Song Life, 1872 New Hal- Dabadie. This opera remained in the rep-
; ;
lowed Songs, 1872 Singing Annuals, 1874- ertory until 1862. It was given in Ber-
;
75-76 Song Ministry, 1874 Song Ser- lin, Oct. 15, 1831. Full score and piano-
; ;
mons, 1876 International Song Service, forte score by Ch. Rummel, and by V.
;
1887. Rifaut, published by Schott (Mainz, 1833)

PHILLIPS, WILLIAM LOVELL, born also by E. Troupenas (Paris, 1833) Latour ;
in Bristol, England, Dec. 26, 1816, died in (London, 1833), German translation by von
London, March 19, 1860. Pianist, pujDil of Lichtenstein. Allgcm. mus. Zeitg., xxxv. —
Potter at the Royal Academy of Music, and 289 Clement et Larousse, 530 Lajartc, ; ;
on the violoncello of Lindley. Professor of ii. 138.

composition at the Royal Academy. Mem- PHCEBUS, ARISE, cantata for male cho-
ber of orchestra of Her Majesty's Theatre, rus, tenor solo, and orchestra, text from
Philharmonic Society, and Sacred Harmonic William Drummond of Hawthornden's
Society. Conductorat the Olympic and Prin- poem of tho same title, music by John
121
'
PHROSINE
Knowles Paine, first performed in the Mu- the London Philharmonic Society's con-
Boston, by the Apollo Club, April cert on the same occasion with Mendelssohn,
sic Hall,
26, 1882.— Upton, Standard Cantatas, 289. and also played with him several times in
PHROSINE ET M^LIDOR, French op- private. In 1845 he went to St. Peters-
era in three acts, text by d'Arnault pere, burg, but returned in 1846 to London, and
music by Mehul, first represented at the still resides there, holding since 1859 the
Opera Comique, Paris, May 4, 1794. position of violoncellist at the Popular Con-
PIACENZA, PASQUALE, born at Casal certs. Works Concertino and two con- :
Monferrato, Nov. 16, 181G, died at Pistoja, certos for violoncello and orchestra Songs ;
Oct. 23, 1888. Dramatic composer studied with violoncello obligate. He has also done
;
at first the flute and the bassoon, and en- good service by arranging and producing
tered the band of a regiment, of which, many forgotten sonatas by Veracini, Valen-
within a few years, he became bandmaster. tiui, Locatelli, Boccherini, and other com-
In 1859 he was commissioned to organize posers for strings of the 18th century.
the bands of several regiments, obtained —
Grove Fetis do., Supplement, ii. 342
; ; ;
the rank of officer, and after having re- Riemann Mendel Hanslick, Concertwesen
; ;
signed, held various positions as maestro in Wien, 162.

di cappella at theatres. Works II tribunal
: PIAZZA, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, born
segreto, given at Cuneo, 1845 ; Marinella, in Rome, second half of 16th century. Vii'-
Turin, 1858 ;CijDriano il sarto, Genoa, 1860 tuoso on several instruments, especially
(?) Monaldesca, Turin, 1867.—Fc'tis, Sup- on the viola, pupil of Vincenzo Ugolino.
;
plement, ii. 342. Works Canzoni per una viola (Venice, 1633,
:
PLINGERO LA SORTE mA, soprano 2d ed.) do., 2d book (ib., 1527) Balletti e
; ;
aria of Cleopatra, in E major, with ac- correnti a una viola con basso (ib., 1628) Cia- ;
companiment of traversa, two violins, and conne, passacaglie, balletti, etc. (ib.) Can- ;
bass, in Handel's Giulio Cesare, Act HI., zoni, lib. v.; Correnti, ciaconne, etc., lib. vi.;
Scene 3. Published also separately with Canzouette per una viola. Fetis Mendel. ^
— ;
the accompaniment filled out by Otto Dresel PICCHI, ERMANNO, born at Impruneta,
(Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hilrtel). near Florence, June 7, 1811, died in Flor-
PIATTI, ALFREDO, born in Bergamo, ence, April 18, 1856. Dramatic comîoser,
^^^.,_ Italy, Jan. 8, 1822, pupil of Ignazio Colson in Florence, where
stilf living, 1890. Vir- he was appointed in 1850 secretary of the
tuoso on the violon- music class at the Academy and in 1852

cello, son of the vio- director of the annex schools. Works :
linist Antonio Piatti Marco Visconti, opera, given in Florence,
(died at Bergamo, 1838 Don Crescendo, opera buifa (with

;
Feb. 27, 1878), pupil Fiori), Modena, 1854 II domino bianco, ;
of his great-u n c 1 e Florence, 1855 Ezechia, oratorio ; Masses, ;
Zanetti, and in 1832- psalms, overtures, concertos, music for mili-

37, at the Conserva- tary bands, and for pianoforte. Fetis do.. — ;
torio, Milan, pupil of Supplement, ii. 342.

IMerighi. He began playing in the orches- PICCHIANTI, LUIGI, born in Florence,
tra of the theatre at seven ; and in 1837 Italy, Aug. 29, 1787, died there, Oct. 19,
made his first public appearance as a solo 1864. Virtuoso on the guitar although
{
;
performer. He went to Venice and Vienna, opposed by his family, made music his
gave concerts in 1841 in Frankfort, in 1843 profession and studied counterpoint under
in Munich with Liszt, and in 1844 in Paris Disma Ugolini. He became one of the edi-
and London. He played with success at tors of the " Gazzetta Musicale " of Florence,
122
:
PICCINNI
and 1852 was appointed professor of Saint-Martin in 1803-7 and in 1810-16,
in
counteriDoint. Works Method for guitar court accompanist in 1804-18, and at the
:
;
Quartet for stringed instruments, and parti- Theatre du Gymuase in 1820-24, and chef
meuti for the study of harmony and ac- de chant at the Opera in 1816-26. The
companiment Sonatas, caprices, etudes, privilege of theatrical performances at Bou-
;
and themes varies for guitar Psalm cix., logne was accorded him in 1827, but the
;
for 8 voices in two choirs with orchestra, enterprise did not succeed, and he returned
etc. Didactic works Principi generali to Paris to teach until 1836, when he settled
:
e ragionati della musica teorico-pratica at Boulogne, with the same object in view.
(Florence, 1854 Milan, 1855) Notizie della Afterwards he lived several years at Tou-
; ;
vitta e di Luigi Cherubiui louse, where he was director of the Con-

delle oi)ere
(Florence, 1813) and other works on har- servatoire, thence went to Strasburg to teach
;
mony, composition, and accompaniment. singing, and while there conducted the con-
— Fetis ; do., Supplement, ii. 313 ; Mendel; certs and music festivals at Baden-Baden.
Schilling. In 1849 he returned to Paris. Works
PICCINNI, LUIGI, born in Naples in L'amoureux par surprise, Thc'atre Feydeau,
1766, died, between Paris and Passy, July 1804 Avis au public, ou le j^hysionomiste
;
31, 1827. Dramatic composer, sou and en defaut, ib., 1806 Bs sont chez eux, ib.,
;
pujiil of Nicola Piccinni, whom he joined 1808 Le sceptre et la charrue, ib., 1817
;
;
in Paris in 1783, and accompanied again La maison en loterie. Theatre du Gymnase,

to Naples in 1791. He was appointed in 1820 Le Bramine, ib., 1822
; La petite ;
1796 royal Kapellmiistare at Stockholm, and lampe merveilleuse, ib., 1822 La fete fran-;
returned in 1801 to Paris. Works Les : (jaise, ib., 1823 Alcibiade solitaire, Opera,
;
amours de Chcrubin, Paris, Theatre de 1824 La prise de Jericho, Strasburg, 1847

;
;
Beaujolais, 1784 Suzette et Colinet, ou les

; and more than 200 melodramas and ballets ;
amants heureux par stratageme, ib., 1786 ;

romances, cantatas, vaudeville airs Sonatas, ;
La suite des deux chasseurs et la laitiere, pot-pourris, and themes varies for piano-
ib., 1788 Les infidelites imaginaires, The-
; forte. — Fetis Mendel.
;
atre Louvois, 1790 Gli accidenti inaspet- ; PICCINNI (Piccini, Picinni), NICOLA,
tati, Naples, 1792 L' amante statua, Veuice, ; born at Bari, King-
1793 II matrimonio par raggiro, Genoa,
; dom of Naples, Jan.
1793 ;La notte imbrogliata, Florence, 16, 1728, died at
1794 ;Ero e Leandro, theatrical cantata Passy, near Paris,
1795 ; n sonnambulo, Stockholm Le ; May 7, 1800. His
sigisbee, ou le fat corrige, Paris, The'atre father, a musician,
Feydeau, 1804 L'ainee et la cadette
; ;
wished him educated
Avis aux jaloux, ou la rencontre imprevue, for the church, but
1809 Hippomene et Atalante, Opera, 1810
; ;
the Bishop of Bari
La rancune trompee, 1819. Fetis. — persuaded him in 1;'
PICCINNI, LOUIS ALEXANDRE, born 1742 to send his son to the Conservatorio
in Paris, Sept. 10, 1779, died there, April di S. Onofrio, Naples, where the lad became
24, 1850. Dramatic composer, son of Giu- in time a favourite pupil of Leo and Durante,
seppe and grandson of Nicola Piccinui, pu- after being first instructed by a maestrino
pil of Hausmann on the pianoforte and of (pupil-tea(!hcr). Piccinni left the Conserva-
Lesueur in composition, finally of his grand- torio in 1754, after twelve years' stud}', and
father. At first accompanist at the Theatre brought out his first opera, Lo donno dis-
Feydeau and then at the Oprra, he was pettose, at the Teatro de' Fiorentiiii in Na-
chef d'orchestre at the Theatre dc la Porte ples, with great success, in spile of the fact
123
PICCINNI
that Logroscino's opere buffe virtually mo- Gluck. He arrived there with his family
nopolized the stage at that time. His sud- in December, and set to work, with Mar-
den fame, as well as his ability as a composer, montel's aid (for he did not know a word
grew rapidly, with subsequent ojDeras, until of French), upon a text by Quinault which
in 1760 his Cecchiua carried everything Marmontel had remodelled. But a good
before it in Kome, and soon passed on to while before his opera was finished the
almost every lyric stage in Europe. Four opponents of Gluck clustered around Pic-
years previously he had married his pupil, cinni as around a chosen champion, and
Vincenza Sibilla, an excellent singer, pos- when at last his Roland came to its first
sessed of an exceedingly sympathetic voice performance, in 1778, the famous Gluckist
and great personal beauty. He never al- and Piccinni st factions were already at
lowed her to go upon the stage, although swords' points, and the animosity between
he said that she sang his music better than the two parties was so violent that fears
anyone else. The fame of La cecchina were entertained for Piccinni's safety. The
reached Jommelli's ears, and although at success of Roland was, however, undoubted,
first inclined to pooh-pooh it as mere boy's and the composer was carried home in
work, the great master predicted, after he triumph. He was appointed director of
had heard it, great things of the young the Italian troupe that alternated with the
composer. Piccinni's next success was regular French company at the Academic
L' Olimpiade, and though the text had de Musique, and was also engaged to give
already been set by Leo, Pergolesi, Galui^pi, singing-lessons to Marie Antoinette at Ver-
and Jommelli himself, his ojDera excelled sailles. It is a little curious that both
those of all his Even in Gluck and Piccinni, in their world-famous
predecessors.
these early operas Picciuni showed himself rivalry, should have owed much to the
an innovator, notably in his more dramatic Queen's protection it is highly probable, ;
treatment of the duet, and his more ex- however, that Marie Antoinette protected
tended development of the finale, on lines Gluck more from personal affection, as her
first laid down by Logroscino. He was, old clavecin teacher in Vienna, while her
indeed, practically the first opera composer musical sympathies were more with Pic-
to turn choral masses to dramatic account cinni. But she certainly used her iufiuence
on the stage. In 1773 a rivah-y sprang up to secure fair play for each. The rivalry,
in Rome between him and Anfossi, who, and the two opposing factions, went on
although an inferior composer, had caught until the production of Gluck's Iphigenie
the popular ear. The fickle Roman public en Tauride, May 18, 1779, left the victory
went over to the new favourite en masse, and with Gluck. An opera by Piccinni on the
an opera by Piccinni was hissed and had to same subject was to have been brought out
be withdrawn. Tliis so outraged Piccinni first, and the two composers shown in
that he returned to Naples, and fell so ill more immediate comparison than ever but ;
that his life was despaired of but on his Piccinni found the version of the text oflfered
;
recovery he brought oiit I viaggiatori, him so bad that he had to interruj^t his
which made almost as much furore in Na- work upon it, and hand it over to Ginguene
ples as La cecchina had in Rome. In 177G to be rewritten, and his Ij^higeuie en Tau-
he was offered a salary of G,000 francs, and ride could not be brought out until Jan.
travelling expenses, by Marie Antoinette, 23, 1781, a year after Gluck had left Paris.
through La Borde and the Neapolitan It had but small chance of success after
ambassador, General Caraccioli, if he would Gluck's immortal work, especially as the
go to Paris to uphold the standard of the Gluckist faction was, by that time, well in
traditional opera against the innovations of the ascendant. But a new rival sprang up,
124
;
PICCINNI
in the person of Sacchini, and although Pic- family, whom he had left in Naples, were
cinni's Didon was a brilliant success, and forced to fly before Napoleon's army, they
some smaller operas won general favour, arrived in Paris in utter destitution. He
the tide of fortune gradually turned tow- had an attack of paralysis, which lasted
ard his rival. About 1783 Piccinni was several months. On his recovery Napoleon
made head master of a new school of sing- gave him 25 louis for a military march, and
ing founded in Paris, but his star was on heljêd him in other ways a sixth inspec- ;
the wane, and his new ojjeras were all fail- tor's place was also created at the Conserva-
ures with the public. He was a man wholly toire for his benefit, but severe illness struck
unfitted for intrigue, being of a frank, open, him down and he retired to Passy,
again,
kindly nature, fond of domestic life, and only to die. He was bui'ied in the common
bearing no one ill-will ; in his rivahy with burial ground (since sold), and a stone
Gluck he had been supported by a powerful was set up over his gi\ave by some friends.
and active faction, which left no stone un- —
Works I. Operas Le donne dispettose, :
turned that could contribute to his success Naples, 175-4

; Gelosia per gelosia, ib., ;
but when left to himself, he had only his 1755 II curioso del suo proprio danno,
;
own genius to trust to. He was not in the ib., 1755 Zenohia, ib., 1756 L' astrologo,
; ;
least embittered by his reverses, and when ib., 175G L' amante ridicolo, ib., 1757 La
; ;
Sacchini died it was he that pronounced schiava, ib., 1757 Cajo Mario, ib., 1757 ; ;
his funeral oration, while on Gluck's death, La morte di Abele, ib., 1758 Petiton, ib., ;
in 1787, Piccinni tried to raise funds by 1758 ; La scaltra letterata, ib., 1758 ; Gli
subscription to found a series of annual uccellatori, Venice, 1758 ; Ale.'^sandro nell'
concerts in his memory. On the breaking Indie, Rome, 1758 ; II Ciro, ?, 1759 ; Siroe,
out of the Revolution in 1789 he lost his Naples, 1759 ; Le donne vendicate, ib.,
pension, and returned to Naples, where he 1759 ; La biiona figliuola, ossia la Cecchina,
was well received, and obtained a pension Rome, 1759, and Paris, Academic Royixle
from the king. But the remainder of his de Musique, Dec. 7, 1778 Origilla, Naples, ;
life was an almost unbroken series of 17G0 II r(i pastore, ib., 17G0 La conta-
; ;
troubles. A daughter of his married a dina bizzarra, ib., 17G1 L' Olimpiade, Rome, ;
young Frenchman of advanced liberal ideas, 1761 L' amor senza malizia, Naples, 1761
;
and he saw one of his operas deliberately Demetrio, ib., 1762 La bella veritu, iU, ;
hissed on account of his supposed Jacobin- 1762 Le vicende della sorte, ib., 1762
; ;
ism. He was placed under arrest by the La villeggiatura, ib., 1762 ; Demofoonte, ib.,
—
prime minister more to save his life than 1762 ; II barone di Torre forte, ib., 1762 ;
for any other reason — and remained im- II nuovo Orlando, ib., 1763 H mondo della ;
prisoned in his own house four years, in luna, ib., 1763 L' incognita perseguitata,
;
great poverty, for all his property in France ib., 1763 II gran Cid, ib., about 17(53
; ;
was lost, and a fi'iend whose paper he had Berenice, ib., 1764 La Cecchina maritata ;
indorsed went into bankruptcy. He (La buona figliuola maritata), ib., 1765 II ;
supported himself as best he could by cavaliere per amore, ib., about 1765 ; Le
writing church music. In 1798, after the pescatrici, ossia erede riconosciuta, ib.,
1'
treaty of peace with the French Republic, 1765, and Vienna, Jan. 23, 1769 La Fran- ;
some influential friends made it possible for cese maligna, ib., 1766; La molinnrolln,
him to go once more to Paris, where he was ib., 1766; Arlasersc, Turin, 17(!6, and Na-
feted at the Conservatoire, and presented ples, 1772 La fiuta giardinicra (La baro-
;
with a sum of 5,000 francs, and a small pen- nessa giardiniera), Naples, 1767 ; ^Nlazzina,
sion. But ill-luck still pursued him his ;

Acetone e Dindimonio, ib., about 1767 ;
pension was irregularly paid, and when his Didonc abbandouata, ib., about 1767 La ;
125
;:
PICCIONI
donna di spirito (La locaudiera di spirito), 1795 II finto Turco (not performed, written
;
ib.,17G8 Gli amanti masclierati, ib., about

;
about 1795) II Tigrane (id., about 1795).
;
1768 Gli stravaganti, ib., 1709 Gli sposi

; ;
n. Church music Laudate, for five voices :
perseguitati, ib., 17G9 Dou Chisciotto, ib., ;

and orchestra Laudate, for two soprani,
;
1770 ;Catone iu Utica, ib., 1770 Cesare e ;

bass, and chorus Beatus vir, for soprano and
;
Cleopatra (Cesare in Egitto), Milan, 1770 ;

chorus and Pater noster, for soprano and
;
L' Americano iugentilito, Vienna, 1770, and orchestra. The scores of nearly sixty of
Naples, 1772 ; Lo si:>oso were found at a second-
burlato, Vienna, Piccinni's operas
1771 ; Antifjono, Rome, 1771 Naples by Signor Florimo, ; La donna hand clothier's in
di bell' umore, Naples, 1771 L' OJimpiade librarian of the Collegio reale di Musica di
;
(second setting), ib., 1771 La corsara, ib., San Pietro a Majella, at Naples. ; Ginguene, —
1772 Ipermeslra, ib., 1772 Le trame zin- Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages de N. Pic-
; ;
garesche, ib., 772 II finto pazzo, ib., 1772 cinni (Paris, 1801)
;
Desnoiresterres, Gluch ;
;
L' ignorante astuto, ib., 1773 I furbi bur- et Piccinni (Paris, 1872; 2d ed., 1875); ;
lati, ib., 1773 La sposa collerica, ib., 1773 Clement, Mus. celebres, 108 Fetis, vii.
; ; ; ;
II ritorno di Don Calandrino, ib., 1774 I Riemaun Mendel. ; ;
Napoletani iu America, ib., 1771 ; II vaga- PICCIONI, GIOVANNI, organist of the

bondo fortuuato, ib., 1771 ; Alessandro nell' cathedral at Orvieto at the end of the 16th
Indie (second setting), ib., 1775 Lequattro ; and beginning of the 17th century. Works
nazioni, 1775 Le gemelle, ib., 1775 II
ib., ; ; Madrigali a cinque voci (Venice, 1596) II ;
sordo, ib., 1775 Eueaiu Cuma, ib., 1775 ;La

; imstor fido musicale (ib., 1602). In the
capricciosa, ib., 177G Radamisto, ib., 1776 ; ;
library of the Liceo Musicale at Bologna
I viaggiatori felici, ib., 1776 Roland, Paris, ; are : Concerti ecclesiastici et Motetti a
Opera, Jan. 27, 1778 Pbaon, Cboisy, at ; 1-8 voci (Venice, 1610) ; do., op. 21 (Rome,
court, 1778 Le fat meprisu, Paris, Come-
; 1619).— F6tis ; Mendel.
die Italienne, 1779 Atys, ib., Academie ; PICHEL (Pichl), VACLAV (Weuzel),
Eoyale de Musique, Feb. 22, 1780; IpU- born at Bechin, Bohemia, in 1710, died in
fjenie en Tauride, ib., ib., Jan. 23, 1781 Adcle ; Vienna, Jan. 23, 1805. Violinist, pupil of
de Pontbicu, ib., ib., Oct. 27, 1781 Didon, ; Johann Pokorny, and, while studying at
ib., ib., Dec. 1, 1783 Le faux lord, ib.. Opera ; Prague University, of Segertincounteriôint.
Comique, Dec. 6, 1783 Le dormeiu' cveillo, ; He was influenced also by Dittersdorf,
ib., Comc'die Italienne, 1781 Diane et En- ; under whose auspices he joined the orches-
dymiou, ib.. Academic Royale de Musique, tra of the Bishop of Grosswardeiu. For
Sept. 7, 1781 Lucette, ib., Tbeatre Italien,
; two years he was musical director to Count
Dec. 30, 1781 I decemviri (not performed,
; Hartig in Prague, then became first violin
written about 1785) Penelope, Paris, Aca- ; of the National Theatre in Vienna, until in
demic Eoyale de Musique, Dec. 6, 1785 Le 1775 he was appointed compositore di mu- ;
meusonge officieux, ib., Comedie Italienne, sica to the Archduke Ferdinand in Milan.
March 17, 1787 L'enlevement des Sabines He visited the chief Italian cities, and was
;
(not performed, written iu 1787) Clytem- a friend of Nardiui. "When the French oc- ;
nestre (id., 1788) Les fourberies de Marine, cupied Lombardy iu 1796, he returned with
;
Paris, 1790 La Ceccliina zitella (not per- the Archduke to Vienna, Works 1 Latin, 1
; ;
formed, written in 1790) La Vittorina (id., German, 8 French, and 7 Italian operas 35
; ;
about 1790) La serva onorata, Naples, masses, 22 psalms, 9 offertories, and other
;
1792 ; al Termodonte, ossia la dis-

Ercole church music Cantata 29 concertos 3
; ; ;
fatta delleAmazzoni, ib., 1792 Griselda, ; concertini 89 symphonies 17 serenades

; ; ;
Venice, 1793 11 servo padrone, ib., 1793

; ;
30 sonatas 12 sonatinas 49 capriccios 6
; ; ;
Lo sposalizio di Sau Pomponio, ?, about fugues 224 variations 6 ariettas 64 duets

; ; ;
120
";
PIELTAiy
39 trios ; 172 quartets ; 21 quintets ; G Corfe at Cambridge, and in Germany of C.
sextets ; 7 septets ; 7 octets : in all, 887 H. Rinck, Tomaschek, and Reissiger; had
numbers, exclusive of 148 quartets, quintets, much intercourse
and sextets, comjôsed for Prince Eszter- with Mendelssohn,
hilzy. He made also a Bohemian transla- and became ac-
tion of Mozart's ZauberflOte. Dlabacz quainted with — ;
Fetis Mendel Gerber

; Schilling Wurz- Meyerbeer, Spohr,
; ; ;
bacli. au d Schumann.
PIELTAIN, DIEUDONNfi PASCAL, He was elected in
born in Liege, March 4, 1754, died there, 1844 to the Reid
Dec. 10, 1833. Violinist, pupil of Jarno- professorshij) of
wich, went to Paris in 1778, and appeared in music in the Uni- '^ '/'
the Concerts Spirituels for six years in suc- versity of Edin- ^/
cession. In 1784-93 he was violinist to burgh, succeeding
Lord Abington in London then visited St. Sir Henry Bishop, but soon resigned and
;
Petersburg, Warsaw, Berlin, and Hamburg returned to Germany, which he virtually

(1800), and returned to his native city. adopted as his country, changing his name
Works 13 concertos for violin 6 sonatas from Henry Hugh Pearson to that given
: ;
for do. ; 6 quartets for strings ; 12 duos above ; he lived at first in Vienna, from 1847
for violins ;
Hamburg, and afterwards at Leipsic.
12 airs varies for do. — Fetis ;
in
Mendel. AVorks Der Elfensieg, opera, Briinn, 1845 :
;
PIERO MIO, GO QUA UNA FEITOLA. Leila, do., Hamburg, 1848 Contarini, ib., ;
See Crispino e la Comare. 1872 Jerusalem, oratorio, composed for ;
PIEERE LE GRAND (Peter the Great), the Norwich Festival, September, 1852
comedie in four acts, text by Bouilly, music Hezekiah, do. (fragment), Norwich, 18G9 ;
by Gretry, first represented at the Italiens, Music to the 2d part of Goethe's " Faust
Paris, Jan. 13, 1790. Catherine H. of Rus- (1854), repeatedly performed at Hamburg.
sia is the heroine of the opera, which was Funeral March to "Hamlet ;" Several over-
represented in Amsterdam in 1812. Other tures Sacred songs, choruses, and songs. ;
operas on the same subject Kaiser und Some of his earlier works appeared under the
:
Zimmermann, Singspiel by K. Aug. von pseudonyme of Edgar Mansfeldt. Grove — ;
Lichtenstein, Strasburg, 1814 Die Jugend Fetis Riemann Mendel. ; ; ;
Peter desGrossen, Singspiel, by Josef Weigl, PIETA SIGNORE celebrated aria di ! !
text by Treitschke, Vienna, Dec. 11, 1814 chiesa, for contralto, text from the second ;
Czar und Zimmermann, by Lortzing, Leii> stanza of Arsenic's aria in Alessandro Scar-
sic, Dec. 22, 1837, Berlin, 1854. In Italian, latti's oratorio, II martirio di Santa Teodosia,
Pietro il Grande, by Niccolo Vaccaj, Parma, Naples, 1709 (MS. in the Biblioteca Pala-
1824 ; by Mercadante, Lisbon, Dec. 17, tina, Modena), music attributed to Ales-
1827 ;borgomastro di Saardara, opera
II sandro Stradella, M'hose authorship is
buffa, by Donizetti, Naples, 1827 Pietro il ; however, out of the question. Fetis, Nied-
Grande, by Louis Antoine Julien, London, ermeyer, and Rossini have been suggested
Aug. 17, 1852. In French, UJiMle du Nord, as the composers of this melod}-, but it is
Paris, Feb. IG, 1854 and in English, by ; more probably by Francesco Rossi. It was
Thomas Simpson Cooke, London, 1829. sung by Miss Emily Winant at the Musical
PIERSON (Pearson), HENRY HUGO, Festival, New York, :May G, 1882.
born Oxford, England, April 12, 181G,
in PIKTON, LOYSET (Louis), called Loyset
died in Leipsic, Jan. 28, 1873. Organist deBernais, andLoNorniand. born at Bcrnay,
and pianist, pupil of Atwood and Arthur Normandy, in the last quarter of the 15th
127
;
PIETRO
century. Contrapuntist, wliose works, con- Les trois dragons, 185-4 Les statues cle 1 ;
sisting of motets, psalms, and chansons, are I'Alcade, ballet-pantomime, 1855 Jean le ;
to be found in various collections of the Unedevinette,L' Amour et Psyche, 185G sot, ;
times, between 1531 and 1545 also in Pe- L'ile de Calypso, 1857 ;
Peau d'ane, Ignace ;
trucci's Motetti della Corona (1519). Fetis le retors, II siguor Cascarelli, —

1858 L'ile du ;
Mendel Riemann. ;
sol-sire, 1860 R maestro Blaguarino, Lille, ;
PIETKO VON ALBANO, romantic opera 1865 Rosette et Colin, Paris, 1874: Les ; ;
in two acts, text by Charles Pfeiffer, from pecheurs de Tarente, ib., 1886 Le nid ;
Tieck's novel of the same title, music by d'aigle, cantata, 1858. Fetis do., Supple- — ;
Spohr, first represented in Cassel, Oct. IB, ment, ii. 57.

1827. It was admired by Meyerbeer, The PILGRIMS' CHORUS. See TannhCiu-
opera had only a temporary success. Pub- ser.
lished by Schlesiuger (Berlin, 1829) the PILIQNGTON, FRANCIS, English com- ;
pianoforte score arranged by Ferdinand poser of the 16th and 17th centuries. He
Spohi-. Same title, Italian opera by Apol- was a chorister in Chester Cathedral Mus. ;
loni, Venice, March 9, 1856.— Spohr, Auto- Bac, Oxford, 1595. Works: The First
biography, ii. 103 AUgem. mus. Zeitg., Booke of Songs or Ayres of 4 parts with
;
:
xxxi. 849 ; Berliner mus. Zeitg., vi. 193. Tableture for the Lute or Orpharion, with
PIFF-PAFF, TRAQUONS-LES ! See the Violl de Gamba (1605) The First Set ;
Hugnenols. of Madrigals and Pastorals of 3, 4, and 5
PIGXATI (Pignata), Abbate PIETRO RO- IDarts (1613) The Second Set of Madrigals
;
I^rULUS, born in Rome in IGGO, died (?). and Pastorals of 3, 4, 5, and 6 parts apt ;
Dramatic composer wi-ote also most of the ;

for Violls and Voyces (1624). He contrib-
librettos of his opei-as. Works Costanza : uted also, in 1614, two pieces to Leighton's
vince il destine, Venice, 1G95 Almiro, re ;
" Teares and Lamentacions." Grove. —
di Corinto, ib. ;
Sigismondo Primo, ib., PILOTTI, GIUSEPPE, born in Bologna,
1G9G L' inganno senza danno, Treviso,
;
Italy, in 1784, died there, June 12, 1838.
1697 Paolo Emilio, Venice, 1699 ; II vanto

;
Church composer, pupil of Mattel, and
d' amore, ib., 1700 Oronte in Egitto, ;
member of the Accademia Filarmonica
Udine, 1705. Fetis Mendel. — ;
when only twenty-one years of age. Hav-
PILATI (Auguste Pilate, called), born ing been maestro di cappella at Pistoja
at Bouchain (Xord), France, Sept. 29, 1810, several years, he succeeded Mattel at San
died in Paris, Aug. 1, 1877. Dramatic com- Petronio, Bologna, in 1826, and was ap-
poser studied at first at Douai, then at pointed professor of counterpoint at the
;
the Conservatoire in Paris visited London Liceo Filarmouico in 1829.

;
His numerous
in 1837, became chef d'orchestre of the compositions for the church remain in MS.
Theatre de la Porte Saint-Martin in 1840, He wrote two operas L' ajo nell' imbarrazzo, :
and later of the Theatre Beaumarchais. given at Bologna, and Non essere geloso,
Works La modiste et le lord, Paris, 1833 Florence, 1816.
:
Fetis; Mendel; Rie- ;
—
La prova d' un opera seria. La fermiere de mann.
Bolbec, 1835 ; Leona, ou le Parisien en PINAFORE, H. M. English comic op-
S.,
Corse, 1836 ; Le
du Danube, London,
roi eretta in two acts, text Gilbert, music by
by
1837 ; OHvier Basselin, Paris, 1838 Made- ;
Sullivan, first represented at the Opera Co-
moiselle de Fontanges, Le naufrage de la mique. Strand, London, May 25, 1878. The
Meduse (with Grisar and Flotow), ib., 1839 ;
action takes place on Her Majesty's Ship
Les Farfadets, fairy-ballet, 1841 ; Les bar- Pinafore, and turns on the fact of the
ricades (with Eugene Gautier), 1848 ; Le Captain and an ofiicer, Ralph Rackstraw,
postilion de Saint- Valery, 1849 ; Les etoiles, having been exchanged in infancy by the
128
w
: ;
PINELLI
bumboat woman, Little Buttercup. Origi- with Sgambati founded a society for clas-
ual cast chamber music. He also established,
sical
Accademia di Sta. Cecilia, a violin and

at the
Captain Corcoran Mi*. Barrington.
pianoforte school, out of which grew the
Sir Joseph Porter Mr. G. Grossiuitb.
Liceo Musicale, where in 1877 he was ap-
Josephine Miss Howson.
pointed professor. He failed in 18G7 in
Ealph Kackstraw Mr. Power.
his endeavour to found a Roman orchestral
Little Buttercup Miss Everhard.
society, but succeeded iu 1874 in doing so.
This opera bad an extraordinary success He conducts the court concerts alternately
in London, where it kept the stage for 700 with Sgambati. Works Overture Italian :
;
consecutive nights and in New York, Rhapsody String quartet, etc. — Ricmann.
;
;
where it was first given, Jan. 15, 1879, it PINO, ROS.UIIO ANTONIO, born at
was performed at four theatres for months. Palermo, Dec. 19, 1850, still living, 1890.
It was adopted throughout the United States Pianist, pupil of Ferdinaudo Valente and of
to a degree surpassing all previous records.Luigi Siri, and in composition of Salvatore
It was given under the direction of Gilbert Lavigna, of Aspa, and of Battista appeared ;
and Sullivan at the Fifth Avenue Theatre, as a virtuoso from his fifteenth year, and
Dec. 1, 1879. Pubhshed by Metzler & Co. settled at Naples to teach his instrument.
(London, 1878) and by Oliver Ditson & Co. Works Le tre ore di agonia, oratorio, Na-
;
:
(Boston and New York, 1879). —

Athenaeum ples, 18G7 Masses, vespers, overtures, etc. ;
(1878), i. 709 New York Tribune, Dec. 2,

; Fetis, Supplement, ii. 347. —
1879. PINSUTI, Cavaliere CIRO, born at Asina-
PINELLI DE GEKARDIS, GIOVANNI luuga, Siena, May 9,
BATTISTA, born, of noble family, in Genoa,
1829, died in Lon-
Italy, in 1545,died in Vienna, or in Prague, don, March 10, 1888.
June 15, 1587. Church composer, was cantor Pianist and dramatic
at the Cathedral of Vicenza in 1571, and, composer, pu2)il of his
aj)parently in the imperial service, settled father ;
played in pub-
at Prague before 1580, when he became
and was lic at ten,
Kapellmeister to Saxony made an honorary
the Elector of
at Dresden, on the recommendation of member of the Acca-
Emperor Rudolph 11. Constant disagree- demia Filarmonica,
ments, caused by his violent temiêj", led to Bologna, at the age
his discharge in 1584, and a year later he of eleven he went to England with Henry ;
was again in the imperial service. Works Drummond, and sti:died the pianoforte and
:
VI. Misse a 4 voci (Dresden, 1582) Ger- composition under Cipriani Potter, and the
;
man Magnificats (ib., 1583) Madrigali a violin with Blagrove. In 1845 he returned
;
piti voci (ib., 1584) ; Cantiones sacrfc, 8, to Italy and entered the Conservatorio at
10 e 15 voci (ib., 1584) ; Newn kurtzweilige Bologna, where he attracted the notice of
teutsche Liedlein mit 5 Stimmen (ib., 1584) Rossini, and became bis favourite i)upil.
Libro priniode Neapolitane a 5 voci Ho went to England again in 184S, and be-
(ib., 1585) Mutetti quinque vocum, etc.
; came a singing teacher, dividing his time be-
(Prague, 1588) ; tween London and Newcastle, where he
18 Musettes for 5 voices
(ib., 1588).— Mendel. founded a musical society. He frc(]Uontly
PINELLI, ETTORE, born in Rome, Oct. visited Italy, and brought out operas there.
18, 1843, still living, 1890. He was professor of singing at tlio Academy
Violinist, pu-
pil of Ramacciotti, and at Hanover (18G4) of IMusic, London, from 1S5(!. Orders of
of Joachim returned to Rome in 1866, and Saint-Maurice et Saint-Lazarus, 1859, and of
;
12!)
PIOUS
the Italian Crown, 1878. He was selected kills her husband instead. Gualtiero is
to represent Italy at the opening of the seized by the authorities, and
Imogene be-
International Exhibition in 1871, and com- comes insane. This opera, written by Bel-
posed a hymn for that occasion to words by lini at the age of twenty, was received with
Lord Houghton : "O people of this favoured enthusiasm. The part of Gualtiero was
laud." Works — Operas:
mercaute di composed for Rubini, who appeared iu the
II
Yenezia, Bologna, 1873 Mattia Corvino, original cast. This work was first given in
;
Milan, 1877 Margherita, Venice, 1882. Te Vienna, Feb. 25, 1828

;
in London, April ;
Deum, 1859 35 duets ; 14 trios 45 part-

; 17, 1830
;
in Berlin, Aug. 31, 1831
;
in New ;
songs, and choruses About 250 ;

English York, Dec. 5, 1832 and in Paris, Feb.
; 1,
and Italian songs, and 30 pianoforte iîeces. 1832, with Rubini, Santini, and Mme Schru-
— Grove Fetis, Supplement, ii. 848 Rie- der-Devrient, and in 184G with Mario, Co-
; ;
mann ^lendel, Erganz., 350.

;
letti, and Mile Grisi, who was very suc-
PIOUS ORGIES, aria, with accompani- cessful as Imogene. Published by Ricordi

—
ment of strings complete, and continuo, in (Milan). Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxiii. 630 ;
Handel's Judas Maccabscus, Act I. This Clement et Larousse, 534 Hai*monicon ;
air, which is only twenty-seven measures (1830), 222.

long, is sung first in E-flat major by Simon PIRATES OF PENZANCE, THE, Eng-
(bass), and then repeated, after a short reci- lish comic opera in two acts, text by Gilbert,
tative, either by An Israelitish Man (mezzo- music by Sullivan, first represented at the
soprano), iu F major, or else by An Israel- Fifth Avenue Theatre, New York, Dec. 31,
itish "Woman (soprano), iu G major. 1879, under the composer's direction. Act
PIPELAEE, MATHIEU, born at Lou- I. is placed in the Pirates' lair on the coast
vain, flourished about the end of the 15th of Cornwall. Frederic, haring been ap-
and the beginning of the IGth centuries. prenticed to the Pirates by mistake, at the
Contrapuntist signed his name usually with close of his indenture resolves to war against
;
a rebus composed of the word Pipe and the those whom he loves as companions, but
notes la, re. A mass of his composition is hates as Pirates. He discovei's that he was
to be found in Andreas de Antiquis Missiie born on leap-year, and instead of being
XY. (151G), and an Ave Maria in Petrucci's twenty-one is but four and a half years old,
Book of motets (Venice, 1505) Georg and must therefore remain in the band.
;
Ehaw's Biciuia (1545) also contains a few of The Pirates, who never rob oi^Dhans, find
his works. Manuscripts by him are in the that Major-General Stanley, whose daughter
royal libraries of Brussels and Munich. Mabel is betrothed to Frederic, deceived
— Ft'tis Riemann.
; them into thinking him an orphan, and re-
PHIATA, IL (The Pirate), Italian opera solve to attack his home. Act H. is in a
in two acts, text by Romani, music by Bel- ruined chapel on the General's estate, where
lini, tirst represented at La Scala, Milan, the Policemen and Pirates meet, and con-
Oct. 27, 1827. Gualtiero, having lost his spicuously enjoin silence, afiecting uncon-
ancestral estates, becomes chief of a band of sciousness of each other. Gen. Stanley en-
pirates. During his absence his betrothed, ters, thinking he heard a noise, and after
Imogene, marries his enemy, Ernesto, Duke him his five and twenty daughters. The
of Calabx'ia, to retrieve her father's fortune. Pirates rush for them, but are captured by
In the midst of a severe storm Gualtiero is the Policemen. They yield instantly at the
forced to seek refuge on shore, where he mention of Queen Victoria's name, and, on
discovers that Imogene has married. He discovei'iug that they are all noblemen,
attempts to take the life of her son, but Gen. Stanley gives them all permission to
yields to her entreaty to spare him, and marry his daughters. This opera was first
130
PISANI
given in London, April 3, 1880, Published died at Dresden, Nov. 25, 1755. Virtuoso
by Cbappell & Co. (London, 1880).— New on the violin, pupil of Pistocchi and Torelli
York Tribune, Dec. 28, 1879, Jan. 1, 1880 at Ansbach, where he was a choir-boy in
;
Athen«5um (1880), i. 479. the Margrave's chapel. In 1709 he went to

PISANI, BAKTOLOMEO, born at Con- Leipsic, to study at the university, but
stantinople in 1811, still living, 1890. Dra- seems to have devoted himself entirely to
matic composer, pupil of Mercadante, was music even then, as he succeeded Mel-
chef d'orchestre of the Naoum Theatre, at chior Hofmann as Kapellmeister in the new
Constautinoj^le, in 1859, visited France in church, and at the opera in 1710-12. In
18G0, and brought out in Paris several of 1712 he entered the Elector's orchestra in
his compositions. Works La peri Kosa- Dresden, and was thence often sent abroad
: ;
munda ; Ladislao, given at Constantinople, in the suite of the Electoral Prince ; to Paris
1862 ; Rebecca, 1865 La gitana, in 1714, to Venice in 1716, when he studied
Milan, ;
Venice, 1876 Una lagrima sulla tomba di under Antonio Vivaldi, to Rome and Naples
;
Mercadante, funeral chant Patriotic hymn in 1717, and to Vienna in 1718. In Rome
;
;
Grande fantaisie for soli, chorus, and or- he took lessons of Antonio Montanaii. He
chestra Songs and choruses, etc.
; —
Fetis, accomj)anied the king to Berlin in 1728, and
Supplement, ii. 349. in the same year succeeded Volumier as
PISARI, PASQUALE, born in Rome Conzertmeister. Works 8 concertos for :
about 1725, died there in 1778. Church violin Soli for do. and bass Concertantes ; ;
composer made a close study of the works for 2 oboes with string instruments Con-
; ;
of Palestrina, whom he adoj^ted as a mod- certi grossi, etc., all in the royal library,
el; called by Padre Martini the Palesti-ina Dresden. Fetis Mendel Schilling. — ; ;
of the 18th century. The son of a poor ma- PISTOCCm, FRANCESCO ANTO^Ô,
son, he was possessed of a fine bass voice, born in Palermo, Sicily, in 1659, died after
•which a musician named Gasparino took 1717. Dramatic composer, pupil of his
pleasure in and in 1752 he
cultivating ; father ; learned composition so readily that
was admitted into the Chapel asPontifical at the age of eight he published, Capricci
a supernumerary, a position he held until puerili variaraente composti in 40 modi, etc.
his death. He studied counterpoint under (Bologna, 1667). He studied singing under
Giovanni Biordi, and composed much church Padre Vastamigli and Bartolomeo Monari,
music, which he was too poor to publish. went on the stage as a soprano singer, but
He wrote for the King of Portugal a Dixit soon abandoned it, and became maestro di
in sixteen real parts, and a complete service cappella of San Giovanni in Monte, Bologna.
for all the year, but the payment was so He entered the Oratorio order as a priest,
long deferred that when it reached Rome and in 1697 was called to the court of Ans-
Pisari was dead. The Dixit was sung at bach as Kapellmeister returned to Italy ;
the SS. Apostoli, Rome, by 150 musicians. by way of Vienna and Venice in 1699.
Burney, who heard it, speaks of the learn- Although a composer of merit, he is best
ing displayed in it. Works Miserere in : known from having founded at Bologna, in
9 parts (1777) Masses, psalms, motets, in 8
; 1700, a school of singing in which were
parts 2 Te Deum, one for 8, the other for
; educated some of the great singers of the
4 voices. Many of his compositions are in the firsthalf of the 18th century, among them
Santini Collection, including a Dixit, a Mi- Bernacchi, Minclli, Pio Fabri, and Bertolino
serere, a mass, psalms, —
Member of the Accadcmia Fi-
and motets. Grove ;
da Faenza.
Fctis Riemann
; ;
larmonica, 1692
Mendel Schilling.
;
2)riucipe in 1708 and 1710. ;
PISENDEL, JOHANN GEORG, born at Works Operas Narciso, Ansbach. 1697 — : ;
Karlsburg, Transylvania, Dec. 26, 1687, Le risa di Democrito, Vienna, 1700 Le- ;
131
;
riTONI
andro, 1679 ; II girello, 1G81. Oratorios of Palestrina.

: He left also, in MS., Guida
II martirio di S. Adriauo, Venice, 1697 armonica, which is unfortunately lost. His
Maria Yergine addolorata, 1698 ; La fuga studies in counterpoint, written for his pu-
di Sta. Teresia, 1717. Scherzi musicali, a pils, are preserved in MS. in several of
collection of French, Italian,and German the best musical libraries of Italy. Fetis — ;
airs (Amsterdam) The Psalm, Lauda Grove Riemann Mendel Schilling.

; ; ; ;
Jerusalem, for five voices and basso con- PITSCH, KAREL FRANTISEK, born at
tinuo, in MS.— Fetis Eiemann Mendel; Patzdorf, Bohemia, Feb. 5, 1786, died in
; ;
Gcrber. Prague, June 18, 1858. Organist and pi-

PITONI, GIUSEPPE 0TTA\70, born at anist, first instructed by his father, then at
Piieti, Italy, March 18, 1657, died in Home, Glatz, Silesia, pupil of Otto played the or- ;
Feb. 1, 1743. Church composer, pupil of gan when only eight years of age. He stud-
Pompeo Xatale from the age of five, succes- ied also in Prague, whither he returned after
sively chorister at San Giovanni de' Fioren-
having been a tutor in the family of a noble-
tini and the SS. Apostoli, Kome, from the man in Moravia, in 1815-25 was appointed ;
age of eight. He attracted the notice of in 1832 organist at St. Nicholas, in 1810 pro-
Foggia, who gave him lessons in counter- fessor at the Conservatorium, and in 1811
point for several years. He was maestro di director of the organists' school. Among
cappella at Terra di Rotondo, 1673, and in his comiDOsitions, most of which remain in
1674 at Assisi, where he began to write out MS., are a Festival Mass in Te Deum ; D ;
Pulestrina's works in score to study his style, Graduale Vocal Requiem

; Preludes, fu- ;
a practice he afterwards enjoined on his pu- gues, etc., for the organ and many instruc-
;
pils. Having removed to Eieti in 1676, he tive pieces. —

Slovnik naucn^ (Prague, 1859),
became in 1677 maestro di cappella of the vi. 402 Wurzbach.
;
Collegio di San Marco, Eome, a post he PITTORE PARIGINO, IL (The Parisian

retained till his death, although engaged, Painter), Italian opera buiia in two acts,
besides, in the same capacity at San Apol- by Cimarosa, first rej^resented in Rome in
linare, 1686 San Lorenzo in Damaso, 1686
; ; 1783. A quartet from this opera, iu which
S. Giovanni iu Laterauo, 1708 to 1719 St. ; the Grand Duchess and Prince of Tuscany
Peter's, 1719, and several minor churches. sang, was performed at Leghorn during
His pupils were Durante, Leo, and Feo. Cimarosa's visit to the Grand Duke of
Works Dixit in 16 parts (highly praised Tuscany in 1789.
:
by Baini one of the finest pieces of music

; PIU NON CERCA LIBERTA, alto aria
still sung at St. Peter's during Holy Week) of Arcane, in F major, with accompaniment
;
and his masses, Li pastori a Maremme, Li of flutes and violins in octaves, and bass, in
pastori a Montagna, and Mosca, founded Handel's Teseo, Act HI., Scene 1. Pub-
on popular melodies, are still fresh. He lished also separately, with the accompani-
wrote upwards of sixty masses and psalms, ment filled out by Otto Dresel (Leipsic,
complete services for St. Peter's for the Breitkopf & Hiirtel).
entire year, and many jneces for six and PIU NON SI TROVANO, canzonet in F,
nine choruses 3 Masses, 2 Dixit,
; two soprani and a bass, with accompani-
and a for
number of motets iu the Santini Collection ment of two basset horns, text from Metas-
;
a mass, a Requiem, 6 motets, a psalm, a tasio's Olimpiade, music by Mozart, com-

hymn, a Christus factus est, in Proske's posed in Vienna, July 16, 1788. Breitkopf
" Musica Diviua." He compiled a history of & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie 6, No. 41.
the maestri di cappella of Rome from loOO Kuchel, Verzeichniss, No. 549. —
to 1700, the MS. of which, now in the Vati- PIUTTI, CARL, born at Bad Elgersburg,
can Library, was used by Baini in his life Thuringia, in 1846, still living, 1890. Vir-
1.32
1
PIXIS
tuoso on the organ, pupil of the Conserva- in Cologne. He made successful visits to
toriums at Cologne and Leipsic from 1875 Holland in 1853, and to Paris in 1855.
;
instructor at the latter, and since 1880 or- Works Concert-Fantasias for violin and :
ganist of the Thomaskirche. He has com- orchestra Variations for do. Soli for vio- ; ;
posed concertos, fugues, and other music lin and pianoforte Songs. Wurzbach. ; —
for the organ, pianoforte pieces, and songs, PLAIDY, LOUIS, born at Hubertsburg,
—Mendel, Ergiinz., 351. Saxony, Nov. 28, 1810, died at Grimma,
PIXIS, FRIEDRICH WILHELM, born March 3, 1874. Pianist and violinist, pu-
at Mannheim in 178G, died in Prague, Oct, pil of
violin, of Haase. Agthe and, on the
20, 1842. son of Friedrich Wil- He taught in Dresden, played the violin in
Violinist,
helm Pixis (organist, died after 1805), pu- Leipsic, and, after giving attention more
pil of Ritter, Luigi, and Friinzel, and later
especially to the pianoforte, was chosen
received advice from Viotti. He made
con- in 1843 by Mendelssohn as instructor at
cert tours with his brother, Johann Peter, the Leipsic Conservatorium, where he re-
joined the court band of Mannheim in mained until 1865, when he became a private
1804, and afterwards became professor at teacher. He was wonderfully successful in
the Conservatorium and Kapellmeister of developing the technical execution of his
the theatre at Prague. Works Concertino pupils. Works
: Technische Studien fur :
for violin and orchestra ; Variations for do., das Pianofortespiel, now a standard text-
etc, —Fetis ; Wurzbach ; Schilling ; Ger- book in music schools. He was the author
ber Wasielewski, Die Violine, 190,
; also of Der Klavierlehrer (1874), translated
PIXIS, JOHANN PETER, born at Mann- by F. L. Ritter as the " Pianoforte Teacher's
heim in 1788, died at Baden-Baden, Dec. Guide," and by John S. Dwight as the
21, 1874, Pianist, brother of the preced- " Piano Teacher." —
Riemann; Grove; Men-
ing, with whom he travelled then lived in ; del Fctis, Supplement, ii. 350.
;
Munich and Vienna, and settled in 1825 PLAINTE DES DAMNES, LA (Com-
in Paris to teach. He educated his adopted plaint of the Damned), cantata for three
daughter, Frauzilla P, Guhringer, as a singer, voices, two violins, and organ, by Carissinii.
accompanied her on her professional tour It is very celebrated. The MS. is in the
through Germany and Italy, and after her National Library, Paris.
marriage retired to Baden-Baden. Vôrks PLANQUETTE, ROBERT, born in Paris,
— Operas Bibiana, Paris, 1831 DieSpra-
: July 21, 1850, still living, 1890. Pianist
;
che des Herzens, Berlin, 1836, Symphony and dramatic composer, pupil at the Con-
;
Trios, quai'tets, and quintets Concertos, servatoire, and for a short time of Duprato.
;
sonatas, fantasias, variations, and other He began writing chansons and chanson-
pieces for pianoforte, —
Fctis ; Mendel nettes for the cafes-chantants, and, having
;
Gerber Schilling,
; acquired popularity, composed several op-
PIXIS, THEODOR, born in Prague, erettas, and in 1877 produced his tirst well-
April 15, 1831, died at Cologne, Aug. 1, 185G. known opera, Les cloches de Corneville,
Violinist, son of Friedrich Wilhelm Pixis, which was given more than 400 times in
pupil at the Conservatorium at Prague, succession, and became as popular in Lon-
afterwards of Vieuxtemps at Cannstadt, don as in Paris. Works Mctie-toi de :
having previously visited Paris with his Pharaon, 1872 Le serment de Mme ;
uncle, Johaim Peter Pixis he made suc- Grcgoire, 1874 Paille d'avoine, 1874 Les
; ; ;
cessful concert tours through the Rhine cloches de Corneville, 1S77 Lo chevalier ;
countries, and afterwards played in Frank- Gaston, Le pt'age, 1879 ; Les voltigcurs
fort, Hanover, Berlin, etc., and in 1850 was de la XXXII., 1880 La ;
cantinicre, 1880 ;
appointed professor at the Conservatorium liij) van Winkle, 1882 ; Nell Gwynuc, 1884 ;
i;i3
; ;
PLANTADE
Surcouf, comic opera, 1887 ;
Paul Jones, mances ; 3 do. of nocturnes for 2 voices.
do., Londou, 1889 ; Songs and instru- — Fetis ; Mendel
Riemann. ;
mental music. — Fetis, Supplement, ii. 357 ;

PLATANIA, PIETRO, born at Catania,
Grove ;
lliemann. Dra- Sicily, April 5, 1828, still living, 1890.
PLANTADE, CHARLES HENRI, born matic composer, pupil of Carmelo Messina
at Pontoisc (Seine-et- ou the pianoforte, and of Vicenzo Abatelli
Oise), Oct. 19, 17G1, in composition, then at Palermo of Rai-
died in Paris, Dec. 18, mondi. In 18G3 he was appointed director
1839. He was ad- of the Conservatorio at Palermo. Member
mitted at tlie age of of the Accademia di Sta. Cecilia, Rome.
eiglit to the school of Order of Saint-Maurice et Saint-Lazare, and
the king's pages de of the Italian Crown. Works Ojieras: —
musique, where he Matilda Bentivoglio, Palermo, 1852 Pic- ;
learned singing and carda Donati, ib., 1857 La vendetta slava, ;
the violoncello. On ib., 18G5 Giulio Sabino. Funeral symphony ;
leaving the king's ser- on the death of Pacini, 18G8 Ode-symphony ;
vice he studied singing for chorus, orchestra, and military band,

and composition under Langle, pianoforte 1878 Hymn to the queen, 1878.— Fetis, ;
under Hiillmandel, and the harp under Pe- Supplement, ii. 353.
trini. He was professor of singing at Mme PLATEL, NICOLAS JOSEPH, born at
Campan's celebrated school at Saint- Denis, Versailles in 1777, died at Brussels, Aug.
and there instructed Hortense de Beauhar- 25, 1835. Virtuoso on the violoncello, pu-
nais, who afterwards, as Queen of Holland, pil of Louis Duport and of Lamare, entered
appointed him kaiêlmeester at her court. in 179G the orchestra of the Theatre Fey-
Plantade resigned his position of professor deau, but in 1797 followed an actress to
at the Conservatoire, which he had held Lyons, and did not return to Paris until
from 1802, in company with Garat, to ac- 1801, when he was considered the best
cept this new honour, but on the king's ab- violoncellist there. In 1805 he made a
dication he was forced to return to Paris, concert tour, sojourning in several minor
where he resumed his position in 1815, was cities, and in 1813 became first violoncellist
dismissed in 18 IG, reinstated in 1818, and at the opera in Antwerp in 1821 he went ;
finally retired in 1828. In 1816 he suc- in the same capacity to Brussels, where in
ceeded Persuis as maitre de chapelle to 1831 he was appointed also professor at the
Louis X^ÎL, who in 1814 had decorated Conservatoire. Works G concertos for vi- :
him with the Legion of Honour. His best oloncello, and orchestra 3 sonatas for ;
pupil was Mine Cinti-Damoreau. Through violoncello, with bass 6 airs varies for ;
the revolution of 1830 he lost all his offices, violoncello Caprices or preludes for do. ; ;
—
and retired to Batiguolles. Works Op- 3 trios for strings 6 duos for do. G ro- ; ;
eras Les deux soeui-s, 1791

: Les souliers mances, with pianoforte. Fetis Mendel
; — ;
mordores, 1793 Au plus brave la plus belle, Riemann.

;
1791 Palma, ou le voyage en Gruce, 1797

; PLATT, CHARLES EASTON, born, of
Romagnesi, 1799 Le roman, 1799 Zoe, American parentage, in Waterbury, Con-
; ;
ou la pauvre petite, 1800 Lisez Plutarque, necticut, Oct. 13, 185G, still living, 1890.
;
1800 Bayard a la Ferte, 1811 Le mari He studied in Boston, in 1875-7G, the or-
; ;
de circonstance, 1813 Scl-uc lyrique, 1811 gan under Eugene Thayer, then, at the New
;
Blanche de Castille (with Habeneck). Five England Conservatory of Music, pianoforte

masses Requiem ; Motets Te Deum under Joseph A. Hills, S. A. Emery, and B.
; ; ;
Sonata for harp 20 collections of ro- J. Lang, and harmony under S. A. Emery
;
;
134
;
PLAUSI
and on his return to Waterbury, the organ : studj- four years longer in Italy. After his
under Julius Baier, Jr. In 1877 he went i
return to Vienna, in 1781, he soon went
to Europe, and studied the organ under j
again to Rome, and
August Haupt, the pianoforte under H. in1783 accepted the
Ehrlich, KuUak, and Oscar Raif, and mu- position as second
sical theory and composition under F. Kiel, Kapellmeister at the
W. Bargiel, and Franz Neumann during ; Minster of Stras-
two summers, also, he was a pupil of Liszt burg, became first
at Weimar. Returning to America in 1882, Kapellmeister in
he became a teacher in the Detroit Con- 1789, but Avas de-
servatory of Music, which position he still prived of his post
holds. He is a member of the Music by the Revolution,
Teachers' National Association. Works : which abolished the
Variations for string quartet, in D minor ;
Christian religion. In 1792 the society
Theme and variations, in B
minor, for pi- of Professional Concerts called him to Lon-
anoforte, violin, and violoncello Sonata in don, to compete against Haydn's sympho-
;
4 movements, for pianoforte Also waltzes, nies, produced in Salomon's concerts the
; ;
nocturnes, mazurkas, and other pianoforte enterprise was successful, but the Profes-
music. sional Concerts ceased after a few years, and
PLAUSI ALL' INCLITO SEVERO. See Pleyel bought and retired to some prop-
Poliuto. erty near Strasburg. Annoyed and sus-
PLEYEL, CA:\nLLE, born in Stras- pected by the revolutionary authorities, he
burg, Dec. 18, 1788, died in Paris, May sold his property and removed to Paris in
4, 1855. Pianist, son and pupil of Ignaz the beginning of 1795, and established a
Josef Pleyel received instruction also music trade, and later a pianoforte factory,
;
from Dussek. He lived a Avhile in London, becoming a business man exclusively, and
then went to Paris, and entered the piano- abandoning composition. The last years of
forte making firm of Pleyel & Co., estab- his life he spent on an estate near Paris,
lished by his father, in Avhich the pianist devoting himself to agricultui-e. Works :
Kalkbrenner also became later a partner. 29 symphonies Septet for strings, 2 horns, ;
Works : Quartet for iîanoforte and strings ;

and double bass ; Sextet for strings ; 5
3 trios for do. Sonatas for pianoforte and quintets for do. 45 quartets for do. Trios
; ; ;
violin, or violoncello Pianoforte duet

; and duos for do. G quartets for flute and ;
Nocturnes, rondos, fantasias, and other com- strings 2 concertos for pianoforte 2 do. ; ;
positions for i:)ianoforte solo, and with ac- for violin 4 do. for violoncello 7 sym- ; ;
companiment. His wife, Marie Felicitc phonies concertantes for 2 violins, for string
Denise (born Moke, 1811-75), was a cele- and wind instruments, for pianoforte and
brated pianist, and in 1848-72 professor at violin Sonatas for pianoforte, violin, and ;
the Conservatoire of Brussels. —Fetis ; Men- violoncello ; 12 do. for pianofoi'te, etc. — Fi'-
del. tis Gerber Mendel N. Necrol. der D. ; ; ;
PLEYEL, IGNAZ JOSEF, born at Rup- (1831), ii. 9G7 Richl, :Mus. Charakterkupfe, ;
pertsthal, near Vienna, June 1, 1757, died i. 238 Schilling AVurzbach. ; ;
on his estate near Paris, Nov. 14, 1831. In- PLUS BLANCHE QUE LA BLANCHE
strumental composer, pupil of Wanhall on HERMINE. Sec Huguenots.
the pianoforte, and of Haydn, under whose PLUS ULTRA, sonata for pianoforte, in
entire care he was placed for five years by A-flat, by Dussek, op. 71, called also " Lo
Count Erdudy. In 1777 the count made retour a Paris," published by Cianchctti
him his Kapellmeister, but allowed him to and Sperati (Loudon, 1808). It is dcdi-
1
186
:
PLUTUS
cated to " Non plus ultra," a sonata for the POET AND PEASANT. See Dichter und
pianoforte, in F, by Joseph Woelfl, op. 41, Bauer.
closing with variations on the air, "Life POETE
ET LE
MUSICIEN, LE, French
let us cherish
" (a favourite German song, opcra-comique in three acts, text by Du-
words by Martin Usteri, of Zurich, music by paty, music by Dalayrac, first represented
Hans Georg NiigeH, 1793), which was dedi- at the Th6utre Feydeau, Paris, May 30,
cated to Miss E. Binney, and published by J. 1811.

Lavenu (London, 1800). It was intended to POHLENZ, CHRISTIAN AUGUST, born
show that mechanical skill could go no fur- at Saalgast, Nether Lusatia, July 3, 1790,
ther, and Dussek's was an answer.— Grove, died in Leipsic, March 10, 1843. Organist
iii. 4. of the Thomaskirche in Leipsic, and con-
PLUTUS, opera-comique, text by Mil- ducted the Gewandhaus concerts, until suc-
laud and Jolives, after Aristophanes, mu- ceeded by Mendelssohn in 1835, when he
sic by Charles Lecocq, represented at the still retained the direction of the Siug-
Opera Comique, Paris, ]\Iarch 31, 1886. akademie. Works Polonaises for piano- :
POEME DAMOUR (Poem of Love), forte Choruses for male voices, and songs,
;
"
cycle of songs for voice and pianoforte, some of which, especially his Auf, Matroseu,
text by Paul Robiquet, music by Massenet. die Anker gelichtet," became very populai*.
Six numbers. Published by G. Hartmann — Mendel Fetis
; Riemann.
;
(Paris, 1879). POISE, (JEAN ALEXANDRE) FERDI-

P0E:ME D'AYRIL (Poem of April), cycle NAND, born at Nimes, June 3, 1828, still
of songs for voice and jiianoforte, text from living, 1890. Dramatic composer after tak- ;
Armand Silvestre's " Mignonne," music ing his degree of Bachelier-es-lettres of Paris,
by Massenet, in eight numbers. Dedicated pupil at the Conservatoire, in 1850, of Zim-
to Ernest Reycr, and published by G. Hart- merman and of Adolphe Adam for compo-
mann (Paris, 1878). sition, and won in 1852 the second grand
POEME D'HIVER (Poem of Winter), prix. His first opera, Bonsoir, voisin,
cycle of songs for voice and pianoforte, text given at the Theatre Lyrique in 1853, had
by Armand Silvestre, music by Massenet. an immediate success and was played one
Published by G. Hartmann (Paris). hundred nights. He went to Italy and
POEME D'OCTOBRE (Poem of Octo- Germany to follow the course prescribed
ber), cycle of songs for voice and piano- by the Institut, and since then has been a
forte, text by Paul Collin, music by Mas- popular composer of operas played at the
senet. Prelude and five numbers. Dedi- best theatres of Paris. In 1872 he took the
cated to Ernest Hebert, and published by musical prize of the Academie des Beaux-
G. Hartmann (Paris). Arts, instituted by Baron Tremont. Works
POEME DU SOUVENIR (Poem of Re- Les charmeurs, Theatre Lyrique, 1855 ;
membrance), text by Armand Silvestre, Le the de Polichinelle, Bouffes Parisiens,

music by Massenet. Six numbers, the last 1856 Le roi Don Pedre, Opera Comique,
;
of which is an epitaph. Dedicated to Mrs. 1857 Lejardiniergalant, ib., 1861 Lesab-

; ;
Charles Moulton, and published by G. Hart- sents, ib., 1864 Les moissonneurs, cantata,
;
mann (Paris). ib., 1866 ;Le corricolo, ib.,1868 Les deux ;
POEME PASTORAL, scenes for voice and billets, Athenee, 1870 Les trois souhaits, ;
pianoforte, text by Florian and Armand Opt;ra Comique, 1873 La surprise de ;
Silvestre, music by Massenet. I. Pastorale I'amour, ib., 1877 L' Amour medecin, 1880 ;
;
avec choeur II. Musette IH. Aurore IV. Le joli Gilles, 1884 Le medecin malgre
; ; ; ;
Paysage ; V. CrOpuscule VI. Adieux a la lui, 1887.

;
—
Fetis do., Supplement, ii.
;
prairie. Published by G. Hartmann (Paris). 355.
lUG
:
POISOT
POISOT, CHAELES ]fi>IILE,
cinque voci concertati(ib., 1634) Motetti a born at ;
Dijon, France, July voce sola e a duoi (ib., 1637)

8, 1822,
Messe a 5 estill living, ;
1890. Pianist and writer on music, pupil 8 voci concertati, etc. (ib., Salmi
1639) ;
of Jules Senart, Louis Adam, Stamaty, and concertati a 3 e 5 voci do. a 8 voci (ib., ;
Thalberg on the pianoforte, of Leborne in 1641) do. in 2 cori, etc. (ib., 1646).— Fc- ;
counterpoint, and at the Conservatoire tis Mendel. ;
(1844-48) of Halevy. He was one of the FOLIDORO, German opera by Karl

founders of the society of composers in Heinrich Graun, first represented in Bruns-
Paris, created the Conservatoire at Dijon, wick in 1726. This was the composer's
of which he was made director in 1868, first opera. Other operas of the same title,
and founded there in 1872 the society for in Italian, by Antonio Lotti, text by Pio-
sacred and classical music. Works Op- vene, Venice, 1714 in French, by Battistiu — ;
eras : Le
paysan, given at the Opera Co- Struck, text by the Abbe Pellegrini, Paris,
mique, 1850 Le prince de Galles, 1854 Les Feb. 15, 1720 in German, by Sigismund
; ; ;
Spendlers ; Francesco. Parlor operas : Le von Runiling, Schloss Carlsberg, near Mu-
coin du feu ; La cle du secretaire ; Les res- nich.
sources de Jacqueline Les terreurs de M. POLIUTO, Italian opera in three acts,
;
Peters ; Eosa
Les deux billets. text by Cammarano, after Corneille's " Poly-
la rose ;
Jeanne d'Arc, cantata Motets Stabat eucte," music by Donizetti, written for rep-
; ;
Mater Eequiem Trio for pianoforte and resentation in Naples in 1838, but forbidden
; ;
strings Pianoforte pieces.

; He published by the censorship. The libretto was sug-
a Cours d'harmonie and Traite de contre- gested by Adolphe Nourrit, who designed
point et fugue also Notice sur Jean-Philippe the part of Poliuto for himself.
; The opera
Eameau (1864), and Notice sur Jules Mer- was rearranged and given as Les martyrs,
cier (1869), etc. —Fetis ; do.. Supplement, Paris, April 10, 1840. First represented
ii. 356. in its original form at the Theatre Italieu,
POISSL, JOHANNNEPOMUK, Freiherr Paris, April 14, 1859, with this cast
VON, born at Haukenzell, Bavaria, Feb. 15,
Poliuto M. Tamberlik.
1783, died at Munich, Aug. 17, 1865. Dra-
matic composer, pupil of Danzi. He was Paolina Mme Penco.
Severo Î. Corsi.
appointed intendant of court music in 1823.
Felix M. Patriossi.
Works Die Opernprobe, 1806 Antigone,
: ;
Callistene M. ]\Ianfredi.
1808 Merope, 1810 Ottaviano in Sicilia,
; ;
Nearco M. Soldi.
1812 Aucassin undNicolette, 1813 Athalie,
; ;
1814 Der Wettkampf zu Olympia, 1816

; ;
Poliuto was one of Tamberlik's best charac-
Nittetis, 1817 Die Prinzessin von Provence,
;
ters. The opera was first performed in New
1825 Der Untersberg, 1829 Der Erndte-
; ; York, Jan. 25, 1859, with Briguoli as Poli-
tag, oratorio Psalm xcv., for soli and ; uto Amodio, Severo Barilli, Felix and Mile
; ; ;
chorus Stabat Mater, 2 Miserere, etc. Fe-

; — Piccolomini as Paolina. Scene in ]\Iitylcno,
tis Eiemann.
; in the third century after Christ, Poliuto.
POLIDOEI, OETENSIO, church com- a Eoman, has become a Christian, but his
poser of the seventeenth century, born at wife, Paolina, daughter of Felix, Governor
Camerino, Papal States, about the middle of Armenia, not a convert. Severo, her
is
of the 16th century. He was maestro di foi-mer lover, is sent by the Emperor Decius
cappella of the cathedral at Fermo about to extirpate Christianity, and finds to his
1621, afterwards at Chieti, Naples, and at errief that Paolina is married. Xoarco. a
Pesaro. Works Messe a 5 e 8 voci con : friend of Poliuto, is arrested and taken to
ripieni e 2 violini (Venice, 1631) ; Salmi a the temple of Jupiter, where he
|
is ordered
137
" :
POLLAEOLO
to disclose thenames of his Christian friends. POLLEDRO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA,
He refuses and is about to be executed, born at Casalmouferrato alia Piova, near
when Pohuto enters, proclaims his faith, Turin, June 10, 1781, died there, Aug. 15,
and destroys the idols. He is taken to 1853. Violinist and composer, first in-
prison, and Severo tries to save him. Felix structed at Asti by Mauro Calderara and
promises to pardon Poliuto if he will re- Gaetano Vai, then at Turin by a musician
nounce his religion, and Paolina takes named Paris, and for a short time pupil
him this news, but while visiting him in of Pugnani, who caused him to be ad-
prison she becomes converted. The opera mitted in the orchestra of the Teatro Regio
closes in the amphitheatre, where the Chris- at the age of fifteen. He made his first
tians, including Poliuto and Paolina, are appearance in public in Turin in 1797, then
thrown to the wild beasts. The principal in Milan, 1801, and became first violin-
numbers are " D' uu alma troppo fervida," ist at Sta. Maria Maggiore at Bergamo in
:
and " Perchc distolto giubilo," sung by 1804. Beginning a long professional tour,
Poliuto and Paolina in Act I. the chorus he remained five years in Moscow then
; ;
of greeting to Severo, " Plausi all' iuclito went to St. Petersburg, Berlin, and Dresden,
;
Severo " his aria, " II piti lie to de' viventi
; where he was Conzertmeister in 1814-
Poliuto's aria, " Sfolgoro divino raggio 24 was recalled to Turin in 1824 by
;
;
the chorus, Vieni vieni al circo " and the king to reorganize the Royal Chapeh
'*
! ;
the last duet of Poliuto and Paolina," II In 1844 he retired from public life. Works
saon deir arpe angeliche," one of Donizetti's 8 concertos for violin and orchestra; Airs
best compositions. —
Revue et Gaz. mus. de varies for do. Trios and duos for string ;
Paris (1859), 128 Clement et Larousse, instruments Mass for 4 voices and orches-
; ;
537 ; Upton, Standard Operas, 98. tra ; Miserere for do. ; Sinfonia pastorale,
POLLAROLO, CARLO FRANCESCO, for full orchestra ; Concerto for bassoon
born died in Venice in
at Brescia in 1653, and orchestra. — Fetis do., Supplement, ii.
;
1722. Dramatic composer, pupil of Le- 357 ; Storia del violino in Piemonte (Turin,
grenzi, who entered him in IGGo as a singer 1863) ; Hart, The Violin, 232 ; Wasielewski,
in the ducal chapel of S. Marco. In 1690 Die Violine, 108 ; Riemann Mendel ; ; Schil-
he was appointed organist of the second or- ling.
gan and in 1692 vice-maestro di cappella. POLLINI, FRANCESCO GIUSEPPE,
He was one of the most prolific and favour- born at Laybach, Carniola, in 1763, died in
ite opera composers of his time at Venice ; Milan, Sept 17, 1846. Pianist, iûpil of
alone he brought out sixty-four operas in Mozart Vienna about 1793 he went to
in ;
1686-1721. Among those writtei^for other Milan, where he studied composition under
cities Antonino Pompeiano, Brescia,
were : Zingarelli. He wrote the opera buffii La
1689 Circe abbandonata, Piaceuza, 1692
; ;
casetta nei boschi, 1798 and a cantata, ;
Ascanio, Milan, 1702 Armiuio, Pratolino,

; II trionfo della pace, 1801, on the occasion
1703; L' eqnivoco, Rome, 1711 Amore in ; of the Peace of Amiens. Soon after he
gare col fasto, Rovigo, 1711 L'Astinomo, ; went to Paris, and on his return to Milan was
Rome, 1719. Jefte, oratorio, Vienna, 1710, apjiointed professor at the newly founded
and several other oratorios Fede, valore, ; (1809) Conservatorio. He originated the
gloria e fama, cantata, 1716. His son An- style of playing a melody in the middle of
tonio (1680-1750) succeeded him in 1723 the keyboard, using the thumb of each hand
at S. Marco, and Lotti in 1740 as first ma- while the hands are also em-
alternatel}',
estro di cappella. He composed eight ployed with elaborate passages above and
operas for Venice, and some church music. below it. This invention has been attribut-
— Fetis. ed both to Thalberg and to Parish- Alvars,
138
: :
rOLOXIA
but it appears in one of PolHni's 32 Esercizi Published by Lcraoine (Paris) ; by Fiirstner
in foniia di toccata (1820), tledicated to (Berlin). Same subject, German opera, text
Meyerbeer, the music being by Elmenhorst, after Corneille, music by
\vi-itten in
three staves. Works Sonata, caprice and Johann Philipp Furtsch, Hamburg, 1688
:
;
variations, for two pianofortes (Milan) and music to Corneille's tragedy, by Johann
;
3 sonatas for pianoforte Sonate facile, Adam Scheibe, Leipsic, 1738. Clement et
; —
for violin and pianoforte Inti'oduction and Larousse, 936
; Huefter, Musical Studies, ;
rondo, for pianoforte (4 hands) Caprices, 213 Athenteum (1878), ii. 442, 474
; Si-
; ;
toccatas, rondeaux-fantaisies, etc., for piano- gnale (1878), 801.

forte ; Stabat Mater, with Italian words, POLYXi^NE ; POLYXfeNE ET PYR-
for soprano and contralto, with 2 violins, RHUS. See Achille et PolyxC-ne.
2 violoncellos, and organ Selma (from POMONE, opera or representation in
;
Ossian), for soprano. —

Fetis Grove Rie- music, text by the Abbe Perrin, music by
; ;
mann Schilling.
; Cambert, first i-epresented at the Theatre
POLONIA, overture de la rue Guenegaud, Paris, March 19,
for orchestra, in C,
by Eichard Wagner, written in 1832, but 1671. This was the first French opera
not published. The score is in Bayreuth. heard by the Parisian public, and it was
POLUS ATELLA, oratorio by Loewe, the first opera represented b}' the Acade-
written between 1848 and 1860. mie Royale de Musique (1671). The story
POLYEUCTE, French opera in five acts, is the mythological fable of Pomona and
text by Jules Barbier and Michel Carre, mu- Vertumnus. Characters represented Po- :
sic by Gounod, first represented at the mone, 'Mile de Cartilly Vertumne, M. Beau- ;
mavielle Faune, M. Rossignol. Portions ;
of the opera were published by Ch. Ballard

(Paris). Other operas of the same title
In French, l)y Lacoste, about 1730 in Ger- ;
man, by Reinhardt Reiser, text by Postel,

Hamburg, 1702.— Lajarte, i. 19.
POMPEIA, symphonic fantasy for orches-
tra, by Jules Massenet, first performed at
the Casino, Paris, Feb. 24, 1866. 1. Pre-
lude ; IL Hymne d'£ros ; HI. Chceur des
funerailles ; IV. Bacchanale. — Fetis, Sup-
plement, ii. 181.
POIMPEII. See Dernier jour de Pompei.
PONCHARD, ANTOIXE, born at Bussus
near Peronne, Picai'dy, in 1758, died in
Paris, September, 1827. Cliurch composer,
received his first musical education as chor-
ister in a church at Peronne, subsequently
Marie Gabrielle Krauss. He was succes-
in the cathedral at Liege.
de chapelle at Saint-]\Ialo, and
sively maitre
Academie Royale de Musique, Paris, Oct.
of the cathedrals of Bourges and Auxerro.
7, 1878. The libretto is an adaptation of About 1786 he went to Pont-le-Voy, and
Coi-neille's tragedy. Original cast
became professor of music in the royal
Polyeuctc IM. Salanion. college, but at the time of the Revolution
Pauline Mile Krauss. followed several callings to earn n living.
Severe M. Lasallc. In 1803 ho settled in Lyons, where ho waa
l.'iU
;
PONCIIIELLI
chef d'orcliestre at the Grand Theatre. He violoncello. —

Fetis, Supplement, ii, 358 ;
went to Paris in 1813 in order to be near Mendel, Ergiinz., 360.

his son, a favourite singer at the Opera, and POND, SYLVANUS BILLINGS, born
in 1815 was appointed maitre de chapelle at iMilford, Vermont, April 5, 1792, died in
of 8aint-Eustache. "Works His church ; Brooklyn, New "York, March 12, 1871. He
music, consisting of 5 masses, a Requiem, went while young to Albany, where he en-
considered his best work, psahns, etc., with gaged in the musical instrument business ;
organ and orchestral accompaniment, rein 1832 he removed to New York and asso-
—
mains in MS. Fotis Larousse. ; ciated himself with Firth it Hall under the
PONCHIELLI, A:\nLCAllE, born at Pa- firm name of Firth, Hall & Pond, which,
deruo-Fasolaro, near after several changes, became William A.
Cremona, Sept. 1, Pond & Co. He was leader of the choir at
1834, died in Milan, the Brick Church, New York, and was at
Jan. IG, 1886. Dra- one time director of the New York Academy
matic composer, pupil of Music and of the New York Sacred Mu-
in 1843-54 at the Con- sic Society. He composed church music,
servatorio of Milan. including several popular hymn tunes,
He lived in Piaceuza, among them Armenia (1835) and Franklin
where he was band- Square (1850), and compiled the following
master of a regiment collections Union Melodies (1838), United
:
subsequently went to Cremona in the same States Psalmodist (1841), and Book of
capacity. His first opera, I promessi sposi, Praise of the Reformed Dutch Church (1866),
given at Cremona, 1856, and, in an altered PONÂTOWSKI, JOZEF MICHAL
arrangement, at the new Teatro dal Verme, XAWERY FRANCISZEK JAN, Prince of
Milan, 1872, won him popularity in Italy, Monte Rotondo, born in Rome, Feb. 20,
where he is considered second only to Verdi, 1806, died at Chisellmrst, England, July
He was immediately engaged by the mana- 3, 1873. Dramatic composer, and tenor
gers of La Scala to write a ballet in 7 acts, singer first taught by Candido Zanetti, a ;
and in 1873 Le due gemelle wâs brought priest and in Florence studied singing and ;
out at that theatre, with extraordinary suc- composition under Ceccherini. He made
cess. In 1881 he was appointed maestro his debut as a tenor singer at the Teatro
di cappella of the cathedral at Bergamo. Standish in Florence, where in 1838 he pro-
—
Works Operas I promessi sjoosi, Cre- duced his first opera, Giovanni da Procida,
:
mona, 1856 La Savojarda, Cremona, 1861 in which he sang the title-rule, and from
; ;
Rodexico, re de' Goti, Piacenza, 1864 Ber- that time, for more than thirty years, wrote
;
trand de Bom, ballet, Viterbo, 1867 La operas for the theatres of Italy and Paris.
;
Stella del monte, 1867 Clariua, ballet, Mil- After the Revolution of 1848 he went to
;
an, 1873 ; II parlatore eterno, scherzo co- Paris as plenipotentiar}' of the Grand Duke
mico, Lecco, 1873 I Lituani, Milan, 1874

; of Tuscany, and was made senator under the
;
Gioconda, ib., 1876 Lina (a remodelled empire. After Sedan he follow-ed Napoleon
;
edition of La Savojarda), ib., 1877 B fi- HI. to England, and was on the eve of going
;
(jVtuol prodigo, ib., 1880 Marion Delorme, to America professionally, when he died.
;
ib., 1885. A Gaetano Donizetti, cantata, Works Operas Don Desiderio, Pisa, 1839 — :
;
Bergamo, 1875 II 29 Maggio, funeral march Ruy Bias, Lucca, 1842 Bonifazio dei Gere-
; ;
to the memory of Manzoni Another funeral mei, Rome, 1844 I Lambertazzi, Florence,
; ;
march Fantasia militarc Hymn in mem- 1845 Malek-Adel, Genoa, 1846 Esmeralda,
; ; ; ;
ory of Garibaldi, 1882 Eternamente, ro- Leghorn, 1847 La sposa d' Abido, Venice,
; ;
mance for soprano, with pianoforte and 1847 Pierre de Medicis, Paris, 1860 Au ; ;
14U
; '
PONS
travel'sdu mur, ib., 1861 L'aventurier, ; cum quinque vocibus (ib., 1582) ; Missarum
ib., 1865 La contessina, ib., 1868 Gel-
; ; 4 voc. (ib., 1584); Magnificat, ib., 1584;
mina, London, 1872. A mass in F, selec- Missse 6 e 8 voc. 1590) Hymni solem-(ib., ;
tions played at Her Majesty's Theatre, 1873. niores ad vespertinas horas caneudi (ib.,
His song, " The Yeoman's Wedding," was a 1596). His theoretical works are Ragio- :
favourite in England.— Grove ; Fetis ; do., namenti di musica, etc. (Parma, 1588); Dia-
Supplement, 360 Sowiiiski, 462 Mendel logo ove si tratta della tcoria e pratica di
ii. ; ;
do., Ergiinz.,361 Clement, Mus. Cel., 615. musica, etc. (ib., 1595). Fetis Mendel.
; — ;
PONS, JOSE, born at Geroiia, Catalonia, POPOLI DI TESSAGLIA, recitative and

Spain, in 1768, died in Valencia in 1818. aria (lo non chiedo eterui), for soprano
Comjioser of vilhancicos, or Christmas pieces, with orchestra, in C minor and C, text from
and other church music, puiîl at Cordova of Calzabigi's Alcesle, music by !Mozart, com-
Jaime Balins. He was maestro de capilla posed for Aloysia Weber, in Municli, Jan.
of the Cathedral of Gerona, and in 1793 ob- 8, 1779. Breitkopf Sc Hiirtel, Mozart,
tained the same position at the Cathedral of Werke, Serie vi.. —
No. 19. KOchel, Verzeich-
Valencia. He is considered by Eslava the niss. No. 316 ; Andre, No. 76 Jahn, Mo- ;
representative of the Catalan school, which zart, ii. 338.

is entirely different from the Valencian. POPP, ^VILHELM, born in Prague,
His vilhancicos were veritable biblical dra- April 29, 1829, still living, 1890. Flute and
mas, in the shape of oratorios wdth parts for pianoforte virtuoso, pupil of Drouet, C.
voices, orchestra, or organ ; they are said Kummer, and A. Spath. At first Hof-pian-
to be extensively performed in his own ist in Coburg, then travelled in Russia, and
still
country. Other works Miserere for Holy since 1867 has lived in Hamburg, where ho
:
Week ; Eslava gives a letrilla of his, O is solo flute of the Philharmonic Society.
Madre, for 8 voices, in Lira sacro-hispana, He has written more than three hundred
iv. —Grove Fetis Mendel. ;
salon- and study-pieces for the pianoforte
;
PONTOGLIO, CIPKIANO, born at Gru- and flute.

mello del Piano, Italy, in 1831, still living, POPPER, DAVID, born in Prague, June
1890. Dramatic composer, pupil of Antonio 18, 1845, still living,
Cagnoni. Wôrks Tebaldo Brusato, Bres- 1890. Violoncellist,
:
cia, 1865 Don Prosper© 1' ottimista, Flor- pupil of Goltermann

;
ence, 1867; La schiava greca, Bergamo, at the Couserva-

1868 La notte del Natale, ib., 1872 Rolla, torium in Prague
; ; ;
ballet, Naj)les, 1877. —

Fetis, Supi^lement, ii. since 1863 has made
361. concert tours. He
PONZIO, PIETPiO, born at Parma, Italy, received the appoint-
March 25, 1532, died there, Dec. 27, ment of chamber vir-
1596. Church composer and didactic tuoso to Prince Ho-
writer ; became maestro di cappella of the henzollern was first ;
cathedral at Bergamo in 1570, of Santa violoncello of the Vi-

Ambrosia in Milan, 1581, Cap- enna court opera in 1868-73 and married
finally of the ;
pella della Steccata in his native city. Ho the pianist, Sophie Mentor, in 1872. Since
is less known, now, by his compositions than 1873 he has appeared in concerts in Lon-
by his writings on music. Works Mis- don, Paris, St. Petersburg, Vienna, Berhn, :
sarum 4 voc. (Venice, 1578) Missarum etc. Works Concerto for violoncello and ;
:
quinque vocibus (ib., 1580) do. (ib., 1581) orchestra Mazurka, gavotte, ;
polonaise,
; ;
do. (ib., 1585) Psalmi vespertini totius

; anni serenade, and other pieces for violoncello.
(ib., 1578) do. (ib., 1589)

; Motettorum Wurzbach Riemann. ;
— ;
;
POPULUS
POPULUS, NICOLAS ADOLPHE AL- eral and favourite, but his secret enemy
PHONSE, born at Arcueil, near Paris, in (B.), Signor Comano. This opera contains
1831, still living, 1890. Organist, pupil at some fine duets and a bravura song of ex-
tLe raaitrise of Saint-Jacques du Haut-Pas, traordinary difficulty, " Serbati a grandi
wliere he was a cboir-boy, then pupil of imprese," for Alessandro. It was performed
Billarcl on the pianoforte, of Elwart and in Hamburg as Cleofide in 1732. Published

Charles Maury in harmony, of Pei'ez y Al- by Walsh, and the fourth edition contained
varez in counterpoint, and of Marius Gueit three interpolated airs by other composers,
on the organ. When only fourteen years of and one taken from Siroe, "Torrente cres-
age he became assistant organist at Saint- ciuto per torbida plena." Edited by Chry-
Jacques, was made organist at Saint-Nicolas sander for the Hiindelgesellschaft (vol.
du Chardonnet in 1854, at Chaillot in 1855, 79), Breitkopf k Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1861).
and returned to Saint-Jacques as maitre de —
Chrysander, Handel, ii. 244 Rockstro, ;
chapelie. He is also professor of singing 167 Burney, iv. 350. ;
in the schools of Paris, music dii'ector of PORPORA, NICCOLO (Niccola) AN-

Sainte-Genevieve's school, and professor of TONIO, born in
pianoforte and singing at the school of the Naples, Aug. 19,
Sacre-Coeur. Works Agar et Ismacl, bibli-
: 1686, died there,
cal scene in 2 acts Several masses, for 3 and
; Februarj', 1766
4 voices, with organ and orchestra Motets ; (1767?). His Chris-
for choi'us, etc. Chants liturgiques, for 2
;
tian name is spelled
and 3 voices, with organ Repertoire de
; Niccola in his auto-
chants patriotiques, choruses for 4 voices ;
graphs, but Niccolo
Recueil de 24 melodies religieuses Melo- ; on the title-Images of
dies vocales, organ and pianoforte music. all works published
— Fetia, Supplement, ii. 3G1. by himself. His

PORGI AMOR. See Nozze di Figaro. father, a bookseller,
PORO (Porus), Italian opera in three sent him to the Couservatorio di San Loreto,
acts, text from Metastasio's Ale^mndro nell' where he studied under Gaetano Greco,
Indie, which Handel cut freely, music by Padre Gaetano of Perugia, and Francesco
Handel, first represented at the King's Mancini. His first opera, Basilio, re d' Ori-
Theatre, London, Feb. 2, 1731. The orig- ente, was brought out at the Teatro de'
inal autograph, in Buckingham Palace, is Fiorentini in 1709, and he was appointed
dated at the end of the first act, Dec. 23, maestro di cappella to the Portuguese am-
1730 at the end of the second, 30 Dec. bassador.
; His Berenice, given the next
1730 and at the end of the third. Fine year at the Teatro Capranica, Rome, was
;
deir opera Poro, Jan. 16, 1731. It was re- praised b}"- Handel. In 1719 he was ap-
ceived with great favour, and was revived pointed master at the Couservatorio di San
in 1736. Original cast Poro, King of Onofrio, for which he wrote in 1722 an
:
India, lover of Cleofide (C), Signor Se- oratorio, H martirio di Santa Eugenia the ;
nesino Cleofide, Queen of another jârt year before he had been made virtuoso to
;
of India, in love with Poro (S.), Signora the Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt. He had
Strada Gandarte, general of Poro's army already established his famous school of
;
and lover of Erissena (A.), Signor Bertolli singing, to which Hasse came as a pupil in
Erissena, Poro's sister, promised to Gan- 1724, though he soon left it to study under
darte (A), Signora Merighi Alessandro, Alessandro Scarlatti, a slight which Porpora
;
the Macedonian King (T.), Signor Annibale never forgave him. In 1725 he went to
Pio Fabri and Timagene, Alexander's gen- Venice, where he was made a teacher at
;
ponroRA
the singing school for girls, La Pieta, and Porpora has lived in history rather as a
[
thence to Vienna, where his music did not great singing teacher than as a composer ;
meet with the success he had anticipated, he was a cultivated man, well up in Latin
the Emperor Karl VI. not liking his florid and Italian literature, and speiikiug French,
vocal writing. He soon returned to Venice, German, and English fluently. His operas,
and was ajjpointed master of Seuola by no means his best works, were popular
the
degl' Incurabili, for the pupils ofwhich he in their day, though mostly short-lived. As
wrote his vocal cantatas, twelve of which a teacher of singing he has never had a peer ;
were published in London in 1735. In among his pupils being Fariuelh, Callarelli,
1728 he set out for Dresden, on the invita- Uberti, and others of the greatest singers
tion of the Electoral Princess Marie An- of all time. Works L Operas Basilio, — :
toinette, who was anxious to take lessons re d' Oriente, Naples, Teatro de' Fioreutini,
of him. On the way he stopped in Vienna, 1709 Berenice, Rome, Teatro Capranica,
;
where, owing to the protection of the Vene- 1710 Flavio Anicio Olibrio, Naples, 1711
;
;
tian ambassador, he got an oi'der from the Arianna e Teseo, Vienna, Oct. 1, 1714 Te- ;
Emperor for an oratoiio. He was well re- mistocle, ib., Oct. 1, 1718 Faramondo, ;
ceived in Dresden, where he sustained a Naples, 1719 Angelica (serenata), Vienna,

;
brisk rivah-y with Hasse and his wife Faus- Nov. 19, 1720 Eumene, Pome, 1721 ; Issi- ;
tina; but he obtained frequent leave of ab- pile, ib., 1723 Adelaide, ib., 1723 Farnace,
; ;
sence, retui-ning to Venice in 1729, and ib., 1724 Damiro e Pitia, Munich, 1724
; ;
going to London the same year to maintain Germanicoin Germania, Rome, 1725 Siface, ;
for a short time an unsuccessful rivalry Venice, 1726 Imeneo in Atene, ib., 1726
; ;
with Handel. He even had his Dresden Meride e Selinunte, ib., 1727 Ezio, ib., ;
engagement cancelled in order to stay in 1728 Semiramide riconosciuta, ib., 1729

; ;
London but made at least two trips to Ermenegilda, Najiles, 1729

; Tamcrlano, ;
Venice (in 1731 and 1733), notwithstanding, Dresden, 1730 Alessandro nell' Indie, ib.,
;
to bring out operas there. In 1736 he fi- about 1730 Andromeda, about 1730 Anni-
; ;
nally quitted London, and established him- hale, Venice, 1731 Arbace, London, 1733 ; ;
self in Venice, where he became director of Mitridate, Venice, 1733 Ariadiv, London, ;
the Conservatorio dell' Ospedaletto. In 1733 Ferdinando, ib., 1734 Polifemo, ib.,
; ;
1845 he went a thii-d time to Vienna, in the 1735 Agj-ijypina, about 1735 Ifigenia in
; ;
suite of the Venetian ambassador Correr, Aulide, London, 1735 Rosbale, Venice, ;
published there some sonatas for violin 1736 Lucio Papirio, ib., 1737 Carlo il
; ;
with continuo, and was made Kapellmeister Calvo, ib., 1738 II barone di Zampano, ;
to the King of Poland. It was on this Naples, 1739 Didone abbandonata, about
;
visit that he met and gave advice to the 1740 ;Statira, Venice, 1742 (?) Rosmane, ;
young Haydn. He returned to Naples in Vienna, Feb. 3 (?), 1742 Partenopc, Na- ;
1755 or 1760, and succeeded Abos as maes- ples, about 1742 Le nozze d' Ercole o ;
tro di cappella at the Conservatorio di San d' Ebe, Venice, 1744 Filandro, Dresden, ;
Onofrio. But he had outlived his popu- July 18, 1747; Tolomeo, xh d' Egitto,
larity as a composer, and his last opera, about 1760 II trionfo di Camillo, Naples,
;
Camillo, was a failure. After this he wrote 1760.

only a little church music. His last years n. Oratorios Gedeone II martirio di : ;
were passed in great poverty. The cause Santa Eugenia II martirio di S. Giovanni ;
of his death has been stated by Villarosa as Nepomucene II Verbo incarnato

;
Davidc ;
pleurisy, and by Gazzaniga as an accident (London, 1735) II trionfo dilla divina ;
to his leg. His burial expenses were paid giustizia Oratorio,

;
title unknown, written
by subscription by Neapolitan musicians. in Vienna for the Emperor Karl VI., and
143
;
POESILE
many cantatas, twelve of wliich were pub- Dramatic composer, maestro de capilla in
lished in Loudon the service of Charles H. of Spain returned
(1735). ;
TTT. Church music Mass for five voices, to Naples in 1700, and was called to Vienna
:
without orchestra Mass for five voices, two in 1713 as music-master to the Archduchess
;
violins, viola, and bass Mass for two chor- Josephine, subsequently being appointed
;
uses, four voices di ripieno, with orchestra comjDOser to the court. Works Operas — :
(Lauuer, Paris) In exitu Israel, for two Sisara, given in Vienna, 1719
;
Meride e ;
choruses Confitebor, for two choruses, two Selinunte, 1721 Spartaco, 1726 I due re,
;
; ;
violins, viola, and organ Domine probasti Roboamo e Geroboamo, 1731 Giuseppe ri-
; ;
me, for two soprani, two contralti, two vio- conosciuto, 1733. Twelve oratorios, 9 ser-
lins, viola, and organ In te, Domine, enades. Fetis Mendel. ;
— ;
speravi, for five voices, two violins, viola, PORTA, Fra COSTANZO, born at Cre-
and organ Qui habitat, for two soprani, mona, Italy, first half of the 16th cen-
;
two contralti, violins, viola, and organ tury, died at Loreto in 1601. Church ;
Magnificat, for two choruses Dixit, for composer and contrapuntist, pupil of Ad- ;
four voices, two violins, and organ Dixit, rian Willaert in Venice. He was a Fran- ;
for four voices Stabat, for two soprani, ciscan monk and maestro di cai:)pella of the
;
two contralti, two violins, viola, and or- convent of his order iu Padua, then at the
gan Six duos for soprani on the Passion Cathedral of Osimo, the Metropolitan
;
for Holy Week Lessons for the funeral Churcli of Ravenna, and lastly of the Santa
;
service Laudate, pueri, Dominum, for four Casa di Loreto.

; He had several celebrated
voices, violin, viola, and oboe Te Deum, pupils, and was one of the musicians who ;
four voices and orchestra In te, Domine, dedicated a collection of psalms to Pales-
;
speravi, four voices Beatus vir, four voices trina.

; His works are grave in style, and ;
Credidi, four voices Lauda, Jerusalem, he was especially careful to preserve their
;
four voices Ljctatus sum, two choruses modality intact.

; Works Five books of :
with violins In couverteudo, four voices

; motets (Venice, 1555 to 1585) 1 book ;
;
Cum invocarem, four voices Nunc dimittis, masses (ib., 1578) 2 books of introitus, ; ;
five voices Da profundis, four voices (1566, 1589) 4 books of madrigals (1555,
; ;
Confitebor, four voices Nisi Dominus, four 1586) Psalms (1605)

; Hymns (1602). ; ;
voices Introduzione al salmo Miserere, for Padre Martini possessed a MS. of Lamen-
;
two soprani, two alti, and orchestra Lit- tationeset Madrigali, and a treatise Instru- ; :
anies for four voices Salve Regina, one zione di contraj^punto.

; Other Composi-
voice with instruments, original MS. form- tions are in the old collections published in
Fuchs (Vienna); Venice and Antwerp in the 16th century.
erly in the collection of Aloys
2 Regina Coeli, one voice with instruments. Padre Martini has given specimens of his
IV. Instrumental Avorks 6 symi^honies works in Saggio fondamentale pratico di
:
da camera, for two violins, violoncello, and contrappunto, which Chorou reproduced in
bass (London, 1736) 12 sonatas for the Principes de composition des ecoles dTtalie.
;
violin and bass (Vienna, 175-4, also in Paris) Hawkins also has inserted specimens in his ;
fugues for the clavecin first published in General History of Music (i. 112-115).
dementi's Practical Harmony (4 vols., Lon- Fi'tis Burney, Hist., iii. 225 Riemann — ; ;
;
don), also in Farrenc's Tresor des pianistes. Mendel Gerber Schilling; Ambros, Gesch. ; ;
Biografica degli uomini. Napoli (Na- PORTA, FRANCESCO DELLA, born in

. .
l^les, 1819). —
Fi'tis, A-ii. Clement, Mus. aiilau about 1590, died there in 1666.
;
ct'lebres. Organist and church composer, pupil of

PORSILE, GIUSEPPE, born in Naples Ripalta. He was organist of several
in 1672, died in Vienna, ]\Iay 29, 1750. churches in Milan. Works Villanelle a :
144
;;
PORTA
1-3 voci (Eome, 1619) ; Salmi da cappella master of the choristers of Westminster
|
(1637) Motetti (Venice, 1615, and Ant- Abbey iu 1G39. lu lGi4, after losing both
;
werp, 1654) Eicercari (Milan). He was his places on the suppression of choral ser-
;
one of the first composers to make practical

he found a patron in Sir Edward Spen- vice,
use of the basso Works Madrigales and Ayres of two,

continuo. — Fetis ; Eie- cer. :
mann Mendel Schilling Gerber.

;
three, foure and five voyces, with the con-
; ;
POETA, GIOVANNI, born in Venice, tinued bass, with Toccatos, Siufonias, and
end of the 17th Rittornelles to them after the manner of
century, died in Consort Musique. To be performed with
Munich in 1755. the Harpsechord, Lutes, Theorbos, Basse-
Dramatic composer, two Violins or two Viols (1G32) Mot- Violl, ;
at first music di- Two Voyces for Treble, or Tenor and tets of
rector to Cardinal Bass, with the Continued Bass or Score.

Ottoboni he re- ; To be performed to an Organ, Harpsycon,
turned to Venice in Lute, or Bass-Viol (1G57) The Psalms of ;
171G, and for George Sandys, set to Music for two Voyces,
twenty years was with a Thorough-bass for the organ (1G70).
chorus-master at the Conservatorio della Hawkins and Burney mention a collection
Pietu. After the death of Bifii he com- of Airs and Madrigals for two, three, four,
peted for the position of maesti'o di cap- and five Voices, with a thorough-bass for
pella at S. Marco, but failing to obtain the organ, or Theorbo-Lute, the Italian Way
it, went to London, which he had visited (1639), possiblj' a 2d edition of the first-
before in 1729. In 1737 he was appointed mentioned work. Grove Mendel Schil- — ; ;
Kapellmeister to the Elector of Bavaria. ling.
Works — Operas : La costanza combattuta POETEUE D'EAU, LE. See Deux

in amore, Venice, 1716 ; Agrippa, ib., 1717 ;
journees.
L' amor di figlia, ib., 1718 Teodorico, ib., POETUGAL (DA FONSECA),
;
(Porto-
1720 ; L' amor tiranno (with Chelleri), ib., gallo), MAECOS ANTONIO, born in Lis-
1722 ; Eea Silvia, ossia Eomolo e Eemo, ib., bon, March 2-4, 1762, died at Eio de Janeiro,
1723 Gli sforzi d' ambizione e d' amore,

;
Feb. 7, Dramatic composer learnt
1830. ;
ib., 1724 Antigone, tutore di Filippo (with

;
the rudiments of music in the theological
Albinoni), ib., 1724 Mariauna (do.), ib., ;
seminary where he was educated, became
1724 Agide, re di Sparta, Ulisse, ib., 1725
; ;
a pupil of Borselli, of the Opera, for singing,
H trionfo di Flavio Olibrio, ib., 1726 Al- ;
and of Gallao, mestre de capclla of the ca-
deso, ib., 1727 Amor e Fortuna, Nel per-
; thedral, in counterpoint. While studying,
dono la vendetta, ib., 1728 Doriclea ripudi- ;
he composed Italian canzonette and airs
ata da Creso, ib., 1729 II gran Tamerlano, ;
wnth orchestra which were produced at tlie
Florence, 1730 Farnace, Bologna, 1731 ;
Lisbon theatre. He followed Borselli to
Nuraitox', London, 173-8 Ifigenia in Aulide, ;
Madrid, and became accompanist theie at
Dafne, Munich, 1738 Artai<erse, Munich, ;
the Opera. The Portuguese ambassador
1739. Magnificat for 4 voices and orchestra sent him in 1787 to Italy to study, and in
the following year he wrote his first opera,
Motet for soprano, 2 violins, viola, and bass.
—Fetis ; Schilling. In 1789 and 1790 he composed for Turin.
POETEE, WALTEE, born in England other successful operas for Venice and Flor-
and thorougldy cstablislied his repu-
about end of IGth century, died in No- ence,
1659. Composer of motets, son tation in Italy. He paid a visit to Lisbon

vember,
of Henry Porter (Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1600) in 1790, when the king made liim his mcstro
Gentleman of the Chapel Eoyal in 1G16 ;

de capella ; during the years following ho
115
PORTUGUESE
brought out many of Italy, and 1799 operas in
Idonte, ossia il sacrifizio d' Ecate,
liis ;
retm-ned to Lisbon In 1810 be Milan, 1799 Gli Orazi ed i Curiazi, Fer-

in 1799. ;
followed the royal family of Portugal, which rara, 1799 Adrasto, Lisbon, 1800 L' isola ; ;
had gone to Brazil at the time of the piacevole, ib., 1801 A casa de campo, ib., ;
French invasion in 1807, and was made 1802 ;

Quem busca la fica tosquiado, ib.,
music director-general in 1811 conjointly ; 1802 ; O sapateiro, ib., 1802 ; Sofonisba,

with his brother Simao, he assumed, in 1813, ib., 1803 ; R
trionfo di CMia, ib., 1803 ;
the direction of the newly founded Conser- Zaira, 1803 Oro non compra amore,
ib., ;
vatorio at Vera Cruz. After a last visit to ib., 1804 Merope, ib., 1804-5 Ginevi-a di
; ;
Italy, in 1815, he returned to Rio de Janeiro. Scozia, ib., 1805 II duca di Foix, ib., 1805 ; ;
He was the most distinguished composer La morte di Mitridate, ib., 180G Augurio ;
Portugal has produced. Works Operas — : di felicita, ossia il trionfo dell' amore, Rio
Pequeno drama, Lisbon, Dec, 17, 1787, for de Janeiro, 1807 II trionfo di Gusmano, ;
the birthday of Queen Maria I. Licenya ; Lisbon, 1810 A saloia namorada, Rio de;
pastoril, ib., 1787 Idylio, ib., 1788, for the

; Janeiro, 1812 O juramento dos numes, ;
name-day of the Infanta Carlotta Joaquina ;

ib., 1813 Adriano in Siria, ]\Rlan, 1815.
;
L' ei'oe cinese, Turin, 1788 La bacchetta ; Several operettas, burlesques, etc., given
portentosa, Genoa, 1788 Gratidao, Lisbon, ; at Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro, 5 great
1789 A inveja abatida, ib.. May 13, 1789
; ;
masses with orchestra, 5 masses with organ ;
A noiva fingida, ib., 1790 Os viajantes ; 2 Te Deum wath orchestra Psalms with ;
ditosos, ib., 1790 L' astuto, Florence, ; do. ; Misereres, etc. —Vasconcellos ; Rie-
1790 H molinaro, Venice, 1790, Breslau,
; mann.
1792 La donna di genio volubile, Parma,
; PORTUGUESE HYMN (Adeste fideles).
1791, Venice, 179G A mascara, Lisbon, ; Its origin isunknown, but it is supposed to
1792, and Venice, in Italian, as La maschera have been first sung in England in the Roman
fortunata, 1797 II Cinna, Florence, 1793
; ;
Catholic chapel attached to the Portuguese
I due gobbi, ossia le confusioni nate dalla embassy, from which it takes its name. The
somiglianza, ib., 1793, Vienna, 1794 Ri- ; tune has been attributed to John Reading,
naldo d' Asti, Venice, 1793 II princijê di ; who wrote " Dulce domum," and also to a
Spazzacamino, ib., 1793, St. Petersburg, Mr. Thorley, an English organist. It is con-
about 1795, and Lisbon, as II barone di S., tained in the modern Latin Manual of De-
May 27, 1799 La vedova raggiratrice,
; votions of the Roman Catholic Church, en-
Florence, 1794 Demofoonte, Milan, 1794
; Thesaurus Auima; Christianse," pub- ;
titled, "
Argenide, St. Petersburg, 1794-95 Arta- C. Dolman (London, 1857), and a ; lished by
serse, ib., 1794-95 R ritorno di Serse, note in this book claims it to be a sequence
;
Florence and Bologna, 1795 Gli avventu- for the Nativity of Christ, taken from the ;
rieri, Florence, 1795 O mundo da lua, Gradual of the Cistercian monks. Notes
; —
Lisbon, about 1795 Zulema e Selimo, and Queries, Fourth Series, i. 12, 186 xi.
; ;
Florence, 1796 L' inganno poco dura, 75, 219.

;
Naples, 179G R diavolo a quattro, ossia le

; POSTILLON DE LONJUMEAU, LE,
donne cambiate, Venice, 1797, and Milan, oj)era-comique in three acts, text by Adoljjhe
as II ciabottino, 1801 Fernando in Mes- de Leuven and Brunswick, music by Adolphe
;
sico, Rome, 1797 II filosofo seduceute, Adam, first represented at the OjX'ra Co-
;
ossia non irritar le donne, Venice, 1798, mique, Paris, Oct. 13, 1836, with great suc-
and Paris, 1801 ; L' equivoco in cquivoco, cess. A postillion of Lonjumeau marries
Verona, 1798 ; La madre virtuosa (araorosa), young peasant, Madeleine, of the same
a
Venice, 1798, and Lisbon, as La morte and immediately after the cere-
di village,
Semii-amide, 1801 ; Alceste, Venice, about mony the guests force him to sing to them.
146
!
rOTIER
The intenclant-general of Louis XV., in Le caquet du convent, il)., 184G II signor
'
search of a tenor for the Academic Royale Pascariello, ib., 18^8 Le vieux prix" de
^ ;
de Musique, hears the voice of the young Rome, Theatre Beaumarchais, 1849 ^Ha
;
bridegroom, and is so pleased that he bears et Mysis, ou I'Atellane, ballet, Opc-ra, 'l853
;
him away to Paris. The abandoned bride Le rosier, Opera Comique, 1859 L'ange
j ;
goes to ile-de-France with an old aunt, de Rothesay, Tlu'atre International, 1807

;
who dies and leaves her a fortune. After Madelaine,

18G9 Lo' Bouffes-Parisiens, ;
ten years have elapsed, during which time bailly de Suresnes, Le fabliau, Volage et
j
she has educated herself, Madeleine goes jaloux, not given. Futis do,, Supplc-meut, — ;
to Paris, where she is received at court. ii. 3G3. |
At the Opera she recognizes the first tenor POTT, AUGUST, born at Xordheim, Han-
Saint-Phal as her husband, and he falls in over, Nov. 7, 180G, died in Gratz, Styria,
love with her. They are married, and the Aug. 27, 1883. Violinist, jûpil of Spohr at
fact that Saint-Phal is a bigamist is discov- Cassel, w^here also he made his first appear-
ered. He is seized, and at this moment his ance in 1821: ; after travelling in
Denmark,
wife comes forward in the habit of a peas- Germany, and Austria, he became Conzert-
ant, and thus Saint-Phal discovers that he j
meister in 1832 in the grand ducal orches-
has twice married the same woman, who j
tra at Oldenburg. In 1801 he was pen-
now brings him love, beauty, and wealth, sioued, and retired to Gratz. "Works 2 :
The chief numbers are " Combattons, chan- concertos for vioHn and orchestx-a
:
Varia- ;
tons," sung by Henri ; the couplets, " Oh tions for do. ; do. for violin, with violin,
qu'il est beau, le postilion de Lonju- and bass Duos for violin.s, etc.
violoncello, ;
meau " and the

; air, " Mon petit mari."
Mendel Riemanu. — ;
The opera was given in Berlin, Dresden, POTTER, (PHILIP) CH^RLINI (HA]kI.
Leipsic, and Vienna in 1837, and first in BLY), born in Lon-
New York in 1839. Published by Schott don in 179 2, died
(Mainz, 1830) overture for pianoforte by there, Sept. 20, 1871.
;
Ch. Rummel (ib., 1837) German transla- Pianist and conduc-

;
tion by M. G. Friedrich (ib., 1837). Ital- tor began his musi- ;
ian operas, II postiglione di Lonjumeau, cal education at seven

by Coppola, Milan, Nov. 0, 1838 by Spe- under his father, a
;
ranza, Lucca, 1842. —

Revue et Gaz. mus. de teacher of pianoforte ;
Paris (1830-37), 307 (1880), 329

;
Neue then studied counter-
;
Zeitschr., vii. 110 point under Attwood,

Clicilia, xix. 190.
;
POTIER, HENRI HIPPOLYTE, born in theory under Callcott ^^

Paris, Feb. 10, 1810, died there, Oct. 9, and Crotch, and the
1878. Dramatic composer, pupil at the pianoforte under Woelfti. in IS
In 10 an
l.Mfi
Conservatoire of Amedee in solfoge, of Zim- overture by him was performed by tlie
merman on the pianoforte (2d prize, 1830 Philharmonic Society, and he made his first
;
first, 1831), of Dourlen and Lecouppey in appearance in the same year at that so-
harmony (first prize, 1832) ; he then stud- ciety's concert, playing a sextet of his own
ied counterpoint and fugue for five years, for pianoforte and stringed instruments.
and, on leaving the Conservatoire in 1837, He then went to Vienna, studied composi-
began to teach and to compose. In 1850-50 tion under Fcirster, and received friemlly
he was chef de chant at the Opera, and in advice from Beethoven after visiting Ger- ;
1875 became professor of singing at the many and Italy, he returned in 1821 to
Conservatoire. Works: Mademoiselle de ,
London. In 1822 ho was appointed pro-
Meranges, at the Opera Comique, 1841 ; |
fessor of pianoforte at the Royal Academy
147
POUGIN
of Music, and in 1832, on the resignation tirely to literary labours and has published
of Dr. Crotch, he succeeded him as prin- many volumes. Works Le cabaret de :
cipal until 1859, when he resigned in favour Ramponneau, opera-comique Pieces for ;
of Charles Lucas. Works 9 symphonies orchestra Morceau de concert for violin,

: ;
for full orchestra (MS., G in Philharmonic with orchestra or pianoforte ; Morceaux de

library) ; 4 overt ui-es (MS., 3 in ib.) ; 3 con- genre for pianoforte ; Yocal melodies. Fe- —
certos for pianoforte and orchestra (MS.) ;
Supplement,
tis. ii. 3G3 ; Mendel, Ergiinz.,
Concertante for pianoforte and violoncello ; 3G2 Riemann.
;
Medora e Corrado, cantata ; Sextet for pi- in G minor, by

POULE, LA, symphony
and Haydn, written for Paris, 178G. I. Allegro
anoforte, flute, violin, viola, violoncello,
double-bass, op. 11 3 trios for pianoforte, spiritoso II. Andante
; HI. Menuetto, al-; ;
violin, and violoncello, op. 12 3 sonatas for legro

; rV. Finale, vivace. Published by
;
pianoforte 9 rondos 2 toccatas, in G and Simrock, Berlin.

; ;
B-flat, for pianoforte Variations, fantasias,

; POURQUOI TRE:MBLER. See Zampa.
romances, etc. He published also two POWELL, THOMAS, born in London
books of studies for pianoforte, contributed in 1776, died in Edinburgh after 1863.
to musical periodicals, and edited the Com- Violoncellist settled in Dublin in 1806 to ;
plete Pianoforte Works of Mozart (Novello), teach, and later removed to Edinburgh.
and Schumann's Album fiir die Jugend In 1805 he played a concerto of his com-
(1857).— Grove Fetis Eiemann.
; ; position at the Haymarket Theatre, Lon-
POUGIN, (FRANCOIS AUGUSTE) AR- don. Works 15 concertos for violin and :
THUR (PARROISSE-), born at Chateauroux orchestra Overtures for orchestra 3 duos ; ;
(Indre), Aug. G, 1834, still living, 1890. In- for violin and violoncello 3 do. for 2 violon- ;
strumental and vocal composer, though best cellos Sonatas for pianoforte, violin, and
;
known as historian and critic, and as com- violoncello do. for pianoforte and violon- ;
piler of the Supplement to F('tis's Biographic cello Capriccio for violoncello Introduc-
; ;
des musiciens (Paris, 1878-80). The son of tion and fugue for organ, etc.
an itinerant actor, he was first instructed in PRADHER (Pradere), LOUIS BARTHJfi-
music by his mother, a good amateur at LEMY, born in Paris, Dec. 18, 1781, died
;
eight he took up the study of the violin, and at Gray (Haute-Saone), October, 1813. Pi-
in 18-4G entered the Paris Conservatoire as anist and dramatic composer, son of a vi-
a pupil of Guurin and Alard. From the age olin teacher pupil of his uncle Lefevre, of ;
of thirteen he jilayed in the orchestras of Gobert, and Berton. He left the Pai'is Con-
theatres, at the same time studying counter- servatoire to many the daughter of the
point and harmony under Albert Lhote, composer Philidor. In 1802 he succeeded
and the Aiolin under Berou he then re- Jadin as professor at the Conservatoire,
;
entered the Conservatoire, to study hai*- and numbered Henri and Jacques Herz,
mony under Reber, and in 1855 became Dubois, and Rosellen among his pupils.
conductor at the Theatre Beaumarchais, and He taught the family of Louis Philippe,
soon afterwards first violin at the Musard and was accomjânist to Louis XVIII. and
Concerts, where some of his compositions Charles X. took the actress. Mile. More, ;
were played. In 1856-59 lie was vice-con- for his second wife, and retired to Toulouse,
ductor and r^'petiteur at the Folies Nou- where he became director of the Conserva-
velles, and in 18G0-63 violinist at the Opera toire. Works Comic operas Le voisi- — :
Comique. In 1859 he began his first his- nage (with others), 1800 Le chevalier d'in- ;
torical sketches and biographical articles dustrie (with Dugazon), 1804 La folic ;
on the French musicians of the 18th cen- musicale, ou le chanteur prisonnier, 1807 ;
tury, and since then has devoted himself en- Jeune et vieille, 1811 L'empruut secret, ;
148
;; ; ;
rilAGER
1812 Pliilosoplie en voyage (with Kreubc), burg and Germany, he returned in
;
1781
1821 Jenny la bouquetiere (with Ki-eubu), to Italy and became maestro di cappella to
;
1823 Les enlevements impromptu, 1824. the King of Sar-

;
Concerto for pianoforte Sonata for piano- dinia. Works Op-

;
—
forte, violin, and violoncello Adagio and eras Ifigenia in ; :
rondo, for do. ; Rondo for 2 iîanofortcs ; 5 Aulide, Florence,

sonatas for pianofoi'te ; Rondeaux and
Semiramide, fan- 1784 ;
taisies, variations, etc., for do. 22 collec- ib., 1785 .(Vi-mida ;

;
tions of romances. Fetis —

Mendel Rie- abbandonata, Mu- ; ;
mann. nich, 1785 Olim- ;
PRAETORIUS. See Priilorius. pia, Naples, 178G

PRAGER, FERDINAND CHRISTIAN Demofoonte, Ven-
WILHELM, born in Leipsic, Jan. 22, 1815, ice, 1787; 12 so- .^f^
still living, 1890. Pianist, first studied the Concerto natas for pianoforte and violin ;
violoncello, but changed to the pianoforte for flute do. for bassoon 3 sonatas for ; ;
on the advice of Hummel. He settled at harp and violin Duo for 2 harps Several ; ;
The Hague as a teacher, when sixteen years collections of romances and Italian airs,
of age, and in 1834 removed to London. Laderchio, Notizie biografiche intorno alia —
He was selected by Schumann to be the vita di A, Prati (Fen-ara, 1825) Futis ;
English corresiôndent of the Neue Zeit- Schilling,

schrift f iir Musik has played on the con-
; PRATORIUS, HIERONY:\nJS, born in
tinent and been very successful as a teacher. Hamburg before 15G0, died there in 1G29,
Works Abellino, overture Live and love, Organist, first instructed by his father, then
: ;
battle and victory, symphonic poem (1885) studied music at Cologne, became city can-
Symphonic prelude to Manfred Trio for j:)!- tor at Erfurt in 1580, and succeeded his
;
anoforte and strings. A selection of his best father as organist at St. Jacob's, Hamburg,
pieces for pianoforte was published in the in 1582. Works : Cantiones sacra?, for 5
Priiger- Album (Leipsic, 2 vols.). — Grove ;
to 8 voices (1599) ; Magnificat, for 8 voi-
Riemann. ces (1G02-22) Liber missarum, for 5 to ;
PRAGER, HEINRICH ALOYS, born in 8 voices (IGIG) Cantiones sacne varitt?, for ;
Amsterdam, Dec. 23, 1783, died at Magde- 5 to 20 voices (1G18) Cantiones novjc ;
burg, Aug. 7, 1854. Violinist and virtuoso ofificiosK, for 5 to 15 voices (1G18-25) ;
on the guitai-, for some time Kapellmeister Melodeyen-Gesangbuch zu vicr Stimnien

of an itinerant dramatic company, then at (with his son Jacob, 1G04). Mendel Rie- — ;
the theatres in Leipsic, Magdeburg, Han- mann Schilliug. ;
over, Cologne, etc. Works Der Kyft- PRATORIUS, JAKOB, born in Erfurt
:
hiiuserberg, opera Quintet for viola, 2 about 1580, died in Hamburg, Oct. 21,
;
clarinets, flute, and bassoon do. for strings 1G51. Organist, son of the preceding, pu-
;
Quartets, trios, and duos for do. Capriccios, pil in Amsterdam of Jan Pieter Swee-
;
etudes, etc., for violin Themes varies for linck after his return to Hamburg ho
; ;
various instruments Music for guitar, became organist at St. Peter's, and later
;
— Fetis Mendel Schilliug.

; ;
held also the honorary posts of vicar and
PRATI, ALESSIO, born at Ferrara, Italy, dean at the cathedral. Besides the nine-
July 16, 1750, died there, Feb. 2, 1788. teen chorals in Oie ^lelodeyen-Gesangbuch,
Dramatic composer, pupil of Bighetti. He edited with his father, there exist only com-
was maestro di cappella at Udiue, went to positions for special occasions, preserved
Paris in 17G7, and taught singing in the in the city library at Hamburg. None of
highest circles. Having visited St. Peters- his organ music, which was of a high
;
PRATOPJUS
order, lias come down to us. — Mendel Syntagma Musicum, ex vet-
II. Literary :
ScLilliufj. erum
recentiorum Ecclesiasticorum auto-
et
PIlATOiUUS (Praetorius), mCHAEL, rum lectione, Polyhistorum consiguatione,
born at Kreutz- Variarum linguarum notatione, Hodierni
berg, Thuriugia, seculi usurpatione, ipsius denique Musicse
Feb. 15, 1571 artis observatione, in Cantorum, Organista-
(1572?), died in rum, Oi'ganopceorum, ceterorumque Musi-
^Y o 1 f e n b ii 1 1 e 1, cam scientiam amantium et tractantium gra-
Feb. 15, 1G2 1. tiam collectum et Secundum generalem
;
The surname
Operi prajfixum. In Quatuor
i s Indicem toti
latinized from the Tomos distributum (Vol. L, Part I., Wol-
German Scliulz or fenbiittel, 1614; Part II., Wittenberg, 1615;
Sehulze. He was Vol. II., Part I, Wolfeubiittel, 1619 Part ;
one of the promi-

nent composers, and especially one of the
most noted writers on music, of liis day
and country. Little is known of his life,
save that he began his career as Kapell-
meister at Liineburg, Avas afterwards made
organist, and then Kapellmeister and Secre-
tary to the Duke of Brunswick, and was
ai^pointed Prior of the Monastery of Ringel- n, ib., 1620). A most remarkable historical
heim, near Gozlar. "Works I. Musical —
and theoretical work, of which only the
:
Musai Sionise, in IX. jârts, containing 1,2-44: first three volumes were ever published.
vocal pieces ; Parts I. to IV., Konzert- — Grove, iii., 25 ; Fctis ; Mendel.
gesiinge, 8 to 12 voc, on German psalms PEATT, SILAS GAMALIEL, born, of
and Kirchenlieder ; Part V., Lieder and American pa-
psalms, 2 to 8 voc. Parts VI. to IX., Kir-
; rentage, i u
chenlieder, 4 voc, in counterpoint of the Addison,
first order ;
published 1G05-10 (Part IX. re- Vermont,
published, as Bicinia et Pricinia, 1611) ;
Aug. 4, 1846,
Musarum Sioniarum motetse et psalmi, 4 to still living,
IG voc, I. pars, 1G07 Eulogodia Sionia,
; 1890. Pian-
GO motets, 2 to 8 voc, for the close of ist studied ;
Divine Service, IGll Missodia Sionia,

; pianoforte in
IGll Hymnodia Sionia, hymns 2 to 8 voc,
; 1857 in Chi-
IGll Megalynodia, madrigals and motets,
; cago went ;
5 to 8 voc, IGll Terpsichore, dance-pieces

; in 1868 to
by himself and several French composers, Europe and
1G12 ;Polyhymnia caduceatrix et pane- studied pianoforte in Berlin under Bendel
gyrica, songs of peace and rejoicing, 1 to 21 and Kullak. Having lost the use of his
voc, 1G19 Polyhymnia exercitatrix, 2 to 8 right wrist from overwork, he had to aban-
;
voc, 1619 Uranodia (Uranochordia), 19 don the idea of becoming a performer, and
;
songs 4 voc, 1613 Kleine und grosse Li-

; turned his attention to composition. After
tanei, etc., 1606 Epithalamium for Fried-
; a trip through Germany, he returned to
rich Ulrich, of Brunswick, and Anna Sophie, Berlin and studied counteriôint, harmony,
of Brandenburg, 1614 Puericinium, 14 ; and composition under R. Wiierst and F.
Kirchenlieder, 3 to 12 voc, 1621. Kiehl. In 1871 he I'eturned to Chicago,
160
; ' ;
PRAUPXER
organized the Apollo Club, made a concert Works Circe, opera Masses, graduals, : ;
tour in the winter of 1873-74, and in 1875 offertories. Requiem, vesjêrs for 3 choirs
again went to Europe, attended at Bayi-euth Concertos, symphonies, and arias. Dla- —
the rehearsals of Wagner's trilogy, gave at bacz Fetis Gerber Wurzbach. ; ; ;
Weimar a recital of his own pianoforte PRE AUX CLERCS, LE, optra-comique
compositions before Liszt, and studied in in three text by Planard, music by acts,
Berlin score-reading under Heinrich Dorn. Herold,
represented at the Opera Co- first
On July 4, 1876, his Anniversary Overture mique, Paris, Dec. 15, 1832, a few weeks
was performed in Berlin, and soon after at before the composer's death. The action
Weimar. After visiting Paris and London, is placed near the Louvre, where Marguerite
he returned in 1877 to America, gave in de Valois is retained as a prisoner by her
1878 symphony concerts in Chicago, and brother, Charles IX., in order to check the
in 1882 produced Zenobia, his first ojêra, conduct of Henri de Navarre. She has
at McVicker's theatre in that city. In 1885 under her protection a young girl, Isabelle,
he again visited London, gave concex'ts of whom the king intends to marry to the
his own compositions at the Crystal Palace, comte de Comminge. Henri de Navarre
when the Prodigal Son symphony and selec- sends the baron de Mergv' to release his
tions from Zenobia were performed, and in wife and her young friend, with whom the
1886 returned to Chicago to engage in direct- baron is in love. Marguerite favours his
ing music festivals and teach pianoforte. suit, and gains the aid of an Italian at the
He is now (1890) professor of pianoforte at court, named Cantarelli, who tells Com-
the Metropolitan Conservatory of Music, minge of de Mergy's plans for a secret mar-
New York. Works : Zenobia, grand opera riage with Isabelle. This takes place, in
in 5 acts, Chicago, 1882 ; consequence of which de Mergy and Com-
Lucille, lyric opera
in 4 acts, ib., 1887 The Last Inca, cantata, minge fight a duel. The latter is killed and
;
chorus, solo, and orchestra Magdalena's de Mergy and his bride are left in peace.
;
Lament, orchestra 1st grand symphony The pi'incipal numbers are: "Les rendez-vous
;
2d grand symphony, The Prodigal Son de noble compagnie," a duet Mergy's air^
;
;
Serenade, for string orchestra 3 minuets "O ma teudre amie ;" the romance, " Sou-
;
for orchestra Symphonic suite, on charac- venii's du jeune age " Isabelle's air accom-
;
;
ters in Shakespeare's Tempest, for grand panied by a violin solo, " Jours de mon en-
orchestra ;Court minuet Waltzes, im- fance ;" and the trio, " Vous me disiez sans
;
promptus, mazurkas, polonaises, minuets, cesse Pourquoi fuir les amours?," sung by :
and other pianoforte music Centenary Isabelle, the Queen, and Cantarelli. The
;
hymn to Washington, 1889 Suite of part of Isabelle was written for Mme Ca-
;
dances, for orchestra, 18S9 Songs and simir, who appeared in the original cast,
;
part songs. which included Fargucil, Tlu'iiard, Lemon-

PRAUPNER, VACLAV, born at Leit- nier, FtTt'ol, Mme Ponchard, and Mile
meritz, Bohemia, Aug. 18, 1744, died in Massy. Tiiis opera was first given in Ber-
Prague, April 2, 1807. Organist and violin, as Der Zweikampf, in October, 1833 ;
linist, studied music in his native town and in Vienna in February, 1834 ; and in Lon-
in Prague, where he taught violin and sing- don, in French, at the Princess'.s, M:iy 2,
ing, conducted the orchestra of Count Nos- 1849 in Italian at Covent Garden, June 26, ;
tiz's house theatre, and became regens 1880. It received its 1,000th representa-
choi'i in dififerent churches, last at the tion in Paris in 1871. Pubhshod by Scliott
Theinkirche, in 1794, when he was ap- (Mainz, 1834), Gorman translation by von
pointed also Kapellmeister at the Opera and Lichtenstein (ib.) overture and aii-s for ;
at the Kreuzherrenkirche of St. Francis. the pianoforte, arranged,

by Ch. Rummel
161
;
PRECIOSA
(ib., 1835) ; also by Diabelli (Vienna, 1837). Odeon, Nov. 23, 1825 at the Theatre Ly- ;
—Clement et Larousse, 542 ; Allgem. mus. rique, in one act arranged by Nuitter and
Zeitg., xxxvi. 237 ; Atbenseum (1880), ii. Beaumont, April 16, 1858 and at Copen- ;
25. hagen, Danish translation by Boie, Oct. 22,

PRECIOSA, drama in four acts, by Pius 1822. The original score, in the possession
Alexander Wolff, with overture and music of Max von Weber, was published by
by Weber, first represented at the Royal Schlesinger (Berlin, 1821). The first two
Opera House, Berlin, March 14, 1821, with editions are full of mistakes, but a third
Mme Stich as Preciosa. The subject is has been carefully prepared by Ernst Ru-
taken from a novel of the same title by Cer- dorff (ib., 1872). Pianoforte score by the
vantes (1013), which was first set to music composer Ojêras of the same
(ib., 1821).
by Karl Eberwein and represented in Wei- title German, by Karl Schnabel, Bres-
: in
mar witliout success. Count Briihl per- lau, about 1840 in Italian, Preziosa, by
;
suaded Wolff to send his play to Weber, Ruggiero Bassi-Manna, text by Colla, Casal-
who was attracted by the Spanish local maggiore, 1845, Milan, May 8, 1861 and ;
coloring. Preciosa is the daughter of the by A. Smareglia, Milan, Nov. 19, 1879.
chief of a band of gypsies, banished to the — Jahns, Weber Verzeichniss, No. 279
Sierra Nevada, under guard of the captain- Weber, Weber, ii. 237, 277 Clement et ;
general of Andalusia, whose son falls in Larousse, 543 Benedict, Weber, 57 Har-
; ;
love with her. He is seized by the gypsies, monicon (1825), 39 Grove, iv. 417 Ber- ; ;
wlio threaten to kill him unless they have liner mus. Zeitg., ii. 37 Revue et Gaz. Mus. ;
the privilege of liberty on the road. The de Paris (1858), 125 Hanslick, Concert- ;
captain tells them this is only an adopted wesen in Wien, ii. 235.
son, and Preciosa, discovering that he is of PREDIERI, GIACOMO CESARE, born
the gypsy race, marries him. She finds an at Bologna in the second half of the 17th
underground passage leading to the Alham- century, died after 1711. Church composer,
bra, and the gypsies seal the entrance and pupil of Giovanni Paolo Colonna, was ap-
go thither. When the officers arrive to en- pointed maestro di cappella of the cathedral
force obedience the gypsy camp is deserted. in 1098. Member of the Accademia Filar-
The music is treated in Weber's individual mouica in 1090, principein 1098, 1707, and
manner, and is full of Spanish colour, inten- 1711. Works lezabele, oratorio a sette :
sified by the introduction of gypsy rhythms voci, etc. (with Floriano Aresti) Sacred ;
and national airs. The part-songs "Im and secular cantatas (Bologna, 1690). Fe- —
Wald," " Die Sonn' erwacht," and the gypsy tis Mendel. ;
chorus, "Es blinken so lustig die Sterne," PREDIERI, LUCA ANTONIO, born in
and Preciosa's song, "Einsam bin ich nicht Bologna, Italy, Sept. 13, 1688, died there
alleine," are favorites in Germany, and the in 1769. Dramatic composer, studied the
melodrama, " Liichelnd sinkst, du. Abend, violin under Vitali, and counterpoint under
nieder," is one of the best pieces of the kind his uncle Giacomo Cesare Predieri. Mem-
ever written. The overture played by the ber of the Accademia Filarmonica, Bologna,
Philharmonic Society of New York, first in 1700, principe in 1723. He was maestro di
the season of 1854-55, is light and sparkling, cappella of the cathedral, and in 1739, on
and is based chiefly on a bolero, which is the recommendation of Fux was ajipointed
repeated in the first chorus. The work Vice-Kapellmeister of the Court Chapel in
was first given in Dresden, June 27, 1821 ;
Vienna. In 1740 he became chief Kapell-
in Munich and Vienna in 1823 in London ; meister, and in 1751 was pensioned and re-
at Covent Garden, April 28, 1825 in Paris, ; tired to Bologna. Works — Operas : Gri-
arranged by Sauvage and Crc'mont, at the selda, Bologna, 1711 ; Astarte, 1715 ; Lucio
152
; :
PREIXDL
Papirio, Venice, 1715 ; II trionfo di Soli- at the Opera Comique, Paris, Feb. 15, 1868.
manno, Florence, 1719 Merope, 1719 ;
;
The actionplaced in India, during the
is
Partenope, Bologna, 1719 Scipione il gio- ; siege of Pondicherry. A young officer,
vaue, 1731 Zoe, Venice, 1736 ;Sofonisba, ; Gaston de Maillepre, after many adventures,
II sacrifizio d' Abramo, oratorio, Venice, is brought before a court-martial and con-
1738; Isacco figura del Redentore, 1710; demned to be shot, but is liberated, and
and Astrea placata, operetta, text by Metas- from this time dates his " premier jour de
tasio, Vienna, Aug. 28, 1739. Fetis Men- — ; bonheur." The original cast included Ca-
del ; Scliilliug. poul, Sainte-Foy, Prilloux, Bernard, :Mel-
PEEINDL, JOSEPH, born MarbacL, chissedec, and ]\Ille Marie Ruze. Mine at
Nether Austria, Jan. 30, 1756, died in Vi- Cabel and jMlle Marie Ruze achieved suc-
enna, Oct. 26, 1823.
Organist, pupil of cess in the short rule of the Indian Djehua.
his father andbecame —Clement et Lurousse, 712.
of Albrechtsberger ;
in 1793 choirmaster of St. Peter's, Vienna, PREXDERGAST, HU(iH ARTHUR

and in 1809 Kapellmeister of St. Stephen's. DALRYMPLE, born in Loudon, June 28,
Works : Masses, offertories, graduals, lam- 1833, still living, 1890. Vocal composer, pu-
entations ; Requiem ; Te Deum ; Cho- pil of James Turle. Conductor of the Lom-
ruses and other church music ; Concertos, bard Amateur Musical Societj'. Works :
sonatas, fantasias, and variations for piano- Cantate Domino and Deus misereatur Fes- ;
forte ; Melodien aller deutschen Kirchen- tival Te Deum, 1882 Anthems Part-songs
; ;
lieder welche im St. Stephansdom in Wien for male and mixed voices, and songs.
gesungen werden, with cadences, sym- PRENDI, L' ANEL. See Soimambida.
phonies, and preludes (Vienna, 3d ed., re- PRENTICE, THO:\L\S RIDLEY, born
vised by Gesanglehre Wiener at Ongar, Essex, England, July 6, 1812,
Sechter) ; ;
Tonschule, on harmony, counterpoint, and still living, 1890. Pianist, pupil, at the
fugue (ib., 1827, 2d ed., 1832).— Wurzbach Royal Academy of Music, in pianoforte of
Mendel Fetis Riemanu Schilling.
; Walter Macfarren, and in harmony and
; ;
PREIS DER TONKUNST. See Glor- composition of Sir G. A. Macfarren. In

reiche Augenblick. 1863 he won the silver medal and the Rotter
PRELUDES, LES, symphonic poem, by Exhibition. He started the Monthly Popu-
Liszt, op. 4, No. 3, first performed in Wei- lar Concerts at Brixton in 1869, aud the
mar at a Pensionskonzert of the Hof kapelle, Kensington Twopenny Concerts in 1880.
Feb. 23, 1854 It is written on a passage Organist of Christ Church, Lee Park. Pro-
from Lamartine's " Meditations poetiques," fessor of pianoforte at Guildhall School of
was begun in Marseilles in 1815, and finished Music, 1880, and at Blackheath Conserva-
in Weimar in 1850. It was given in Berlin tory, 1881. Works Linda, cantata for :
in December, 1855 in Vienna, March 8, female voices

; Anthems Part-songs Pi- ; ; ;
1856 in Leipsic, Feb. 26, 1857 and by the anoforte music, and songs. Tlie Musician,
; ;
New York Philhai*monic Society in the sea- instruction book for pianoforte (Loudon,
son of 1861-62. Published by Breitkopf & 1888).
Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1856). — Neue Zeitschr., xlv. PRESCIMONI, NICOLO GIOSEFFO,
225 ; xlvi. 101 ;Hanslick, Concertwesen in born at Fraucavilla, Sicily, July 23, 1G69,
Wien, ii. 117 ; Wagner, Gesch. Schrifteu, v. died at Palermo (?). Amateur composer, pu-
237. pil of Francesco Catalano, while studying
PREFER JOUR DE BONHEUR, LE law at Messina obtained liis degree as doc- ;
(The First Day of Good Luck), opera-co- tor at the age of twenty-eight, aud settled at
mique in three acts, text by d'Eunery and Palermo, to practise his profession. Works
Cormon, music by Auber, first represented La gara de' fiumi, sei'cuade for 5 voices
153
;;
PRESCOTT
(Palermo, 1693) La nascita di Sansone, he remained twenty years as chef d'orches-
;
etc.,dialogue for do. (ib., 1694) L' Onni- tre and singing teacher, though in 1842 he
;
potenza glorificata, etc., do. (Naples, 1695) was conductor of the orchestra at Niblo's
Gli angeli salmisti, etc., do. (Kome, 1696) Garden, New York. In 1862 he returned
II fuoco pauegirista del Creatore, etc., do. to Paris, and became chef d'orchestre at
(Palermo) ; II trionfo degli dei, serenade the Bouffes Parisiens, then at the concerts
for 5 voices, 2 choruses, and 6 instruments of the Champs-Ely sees. He went again in
(Messina, 1695) ; La notte felice, serenade 1867 to New Orleans, and remained there.
for 6 voices (Palermo, 1700) ; La Works L'hutel des princes, Le grenadier
crisi vitale :
del mondo, etc., oratorio for 3 voices (Mes- de Wagram, Theatre de 1' Ambigu Comicûe,
sina, 1701) ; I miracoli della Providenza, 1831 Cosimo, Opera Comique, 1834 Le
; ;
etc., do. for 5 voices (Palermo, 1703) Blanche et Rene, ; II bon garyon, ib., 1837 ;
tripudio delle Ninfe, etc., serenade for 3 New Orleans L'illustre Gaspard, Paris, ;
voices, and instruments (ib., 1704) H giu- Opera Comique, 1863 Several masses. ; ;
dizio di Salomone, etc. (ib., 1705) La figlia Futis do., Supplement, ii. 369 Mendel.
; — ; ;
unigenita di Gefte, etc., dialogue for 5 PREVOST-ROUSSEAU, ANTONIN, born

voices (ib., 1705) ; Le virtu in gara, etc. (ib., in France, 1824, still living, 1890. Ama-
1707) ; II latte di Jaele, etc., oratorio for 5 teur composer, pupil in 1846-48 of Dourlen
voices and instruments. —Futis ; Schilling. and about 1852 of Ai-istide Hignard. He
PRESCOTT, OLKERIA LOUISA, born is a lawyer, and became mayor of Cham-
in London, Sept. 3, 1812, still living, 1890. pigny-sur-Marne. In 1849 he founded a

Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of choral society, which he still conducts.
Lindsa}' Sloper, and at the Royal Academy Works Les poemes de la nature, musical
:
of Music of Macfarren, Jewson, Folk^s, and poem in 8 parts, Cercle Musical, 1863 La ;
Raljih. She conducts classes for harmony, ferme, symphonic rustique, 1865 Les ;
etc., in the University of Cambridge cor- songes, symphonic lyrique, 1872 Riquet ;
respondence system for women. Works 2 : a la houppe, opera-comique, fragments of

symphonies Several overtures, and some
; which have been performed at concerts ;
shorter pieces for orchestra Concerted ; Several masses Many choruses, melodies,
;
music for stringed instruments Psalm xiii. ; etc.— Fetis, Supiilement, ii. 369.
for solo, chorus, and orchestra Psalm cxxvi., ; PREYER, GOTTFRIED, born at Haus-
for voices only Lord Ullin's Daughter, for
; brunn, Nether Austria, March 15, 1808,
chorus, with oi'chestra ; Anthems ; Part- still living, 1890. Organist and violinist,
songs, and songs. first instructed on several instruments by
PRETTY, LOWLY, MODEST FLOW- the parson Bohunowsky, then in Vienna, in

ER. See Puritans Daughter. 1828-34, pupil of Sechter in harmony,
PREVOST, EUGENE PROSPER, born counterpoint, and composition. In 1835
in Paris, Aug. 23, 1809, died in New Or- he became organist of the Lutheran church,
leans, Aug. 30, 1872. Dramatic composer, in 1838 professor of harmony and counter-
pupil, at the Conservatoire, of Jelensperger point at the Conservatorium, in 1844 Vize-
and Seuriot in harmony and counterpoint, Hofkapellmeister, in 1846 court organist,
and of Lesueur in composition. He won the and in 1853 Kapellmeister at St. Stephen's.
second grand prix in 1829, for the cantata He was director of the Conservatorium in
Cleopatre, and the prix de Rome in 1831, 1844-48, and pensioned as Vize-HofkapeU-
for his cantata Bianca Capello. He mar- meister in 1876. Works Operas Wâllad- — :
ried Eleonore Colon the singer, and became mor Freimannshuhle Amaranth Noah,
; ; ;
chef d'orchestre of the Havre theatre, but oratorio Several masses, one for male
;
left that city in 1838 for New Orleans, where voices Requiem
; Te Deum Hymnen der ; ;
154
PRIERE
griechisch-katholisclien Kirclie (1847), and PRINZ W.VLD:\IEISTER, romantic comic
other church music ; Symphony
3 festival opera, text by Heinrich Italiener, music by
;
marches for military band, with trio and Adolf Neuendorff, first represented at the
chonis String quartet Organ and piano- Thalia Theatre, New York, May 2, 1887
forte music
; ;
—
Choruses and songs. "NVurz- at the Walhalla Theater, Berlin, Sept 3,
;
;
bach Hanslick, Gesch. des Concertwesens 1887. The libretto is an adaptation of Otto
;
in Wien, 302, 355 Kochel, Die kaiserl. Roquette's " Waldmeisters Brautfahrt."
;
Hof-Musikkapelle (Vienna, 18G9), 113 Rie- PRISE DE TROIE, la. See Les Troy-
;
manu. ens.
PRI^RE DU IMATIN (Morning Prayer), PRISON D'f:DniBOURG, LA (The
for two-part chorus, by Berhoz, published Prison of Edinburgh), opera-comique in
by Escudier (Paris). It may be considered three acts, text by Scribe and Planard, mu-
as belonging to the Feidllets d' Album, op. sic by Carafa, first represented at tlie Opera
19. Comique, Paris, July 20, 1833. The li-
PRINCES SANS APANAGES. See bretto is founded on Scott's romance "The
Hamlet. Heart of Midlothian." The opera was first
PRINCESSE JAUNE, LA (The Yellow sung by Revial, Hebert, Mme Ponchard,
Princess), opera-comique iu one act, text by Mile Massy, and Clara Margueron. It was
Louis Gallet, music by Saint-Saens, first rep- first given in Vienna in 1835. Published
resented at the Opera Comique, Paris, June by Schott (Mainz, 1833-34), German trans-
12, 1872. A young Dutch savant fancies lation by J. D. Anton (ib.) overture for the
;
himself in love with a Japanese image, and pianoforte for four hands arranged by Ch.
is indifferent to the love given to him by Rummel (ib., 1835) Pianoforte score by
;
his cousin. He drinks a potion and fancies Joseph Rummel (ib., 1835). Clement et —
himself in Japan with his idol, who, to his Larousse, 548; Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxvii.
surj^rise, has the face and manner of his 576.
cousin, and, arousing from his revery, he PROCH, HEINRICH, born atBOhmisch-
falls in love with her. It was first sung by Leipa, Bohemia, July
Lherie and Mile Ducasse. Published by 22, 1809, died in Vi-
Durand, Schoenewerk «fc Cie as op. 80 (Par- enna, Dec. 18, 1878.
is, 1872-73). German translation by von VioHnist ; studied law,
Locin (Stuttgart, 1880). — Clement et La- but made such pro-
rousse, 808. gress in music, mean-
PRINCESS IDA, THE, or. Castle Ada- while, that he became
mant, comic opera in two acts, with px'o- iu 1834 a member of
logue, text by music by Sullivan,
Gilbert, the imperial orchesti'a
first represented at the Savoy, London, Jan. at Vienna, in 1837
5, 1884. It is called by its authors "a re- Kapellmeister of the Josephstadt Theater
spectful operatic perversion of Tennyson's there, and iu 1840-70 of the court opera.
'Princess.' " It was given at the Fifth Av- In 1874 he was Kapellmeister of the short-
enue Theatre, New York, Feb. 11, 1884. lived Comic Opera. Among his pupils were
Published by Chappell & Co. (London, Dustmann, Tietjeiis, Csillag, Pesclika-Leut-
1884).— Athenicum (1884), i. 63 New York ner, and Friedrich-Materna.
;
Works— Op-
Tribune, Feb. 18, 1884. eras Ring und Masko, Vienna, 1844 Die
: ;
PRINCESS, THE, overture for orches- Blutrache, ib., 1847 Der gefiUirlicho ;
tra, by George E. Whiting, first performed Sprung, ib., 1848 Masses, offertories, over- ;
at a concert of the Apollo Club, Boston, in tures, trios, (piartets, and other instru-
the season of 1883-84. mental music, and many songs.— Heindl,
PEODANA
Gallerie beriibmter Padagogen, etc., ii. about 1864-65. Given by the New York
165 ; Hanslick, Gesch. des Coucertwesens, Philharmonic in the season of 1865-66.
355, 366 ;
Wanderer (Vienna, 1847), 215 ;
Published by Breitkojif & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
Wurzbacb. 1865).— Allgem. raus. Zeitg. (1865), 9.
PRODANA NEV:fcSTA (Die verkaufte PROMETHEUS, overture for orchestra,
Braut Married for Money), Czech comic by Ferdinand Hiller, first performed at the
;
opera in three acts, text by Sabina, music Gewandhaus, Leij^sic, Jan. 28, 1847 in ;
by Friedrich Sraetana, first represented at Dresden, in July, 1847. Allgem. mus. —

Prague, May 30, 1866. Zeitg., xlix. 70, 469.
PRODIGAL SON, THE, oratorio by Ar- PRO^METHEUS, symphonic poem and
thur S. Sullivan, written for and first per- chorus to Herder's "Entfesselte Px-ome-
formed Worcester (England) Festi-
at the theus," by No. 5, written for
Liszt, op. 4,
val, Sept. 8, 1869, with Sims Reeves as the and first performed with the drama at the
chief character. It was given by the Glas- Herderfest, Weimar, Aug. 25, 1850. It was
gow Choral Union, Nov. 16, 1870. Pub- given in Vienna in 1860. Published by
lished by Boosey (London, 1869). Athe- — Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1856). —Pohl,
Djeum (1869), ii. 377; Upton, Standard Liszt, 221, Concertwesen in Wien, ii.
232 ;
Oratorios, 293. 198 ; Revue et Gaz. mus. de Paris (1855),

PROîlENADES D'UN SOLITAIRE 352.
(Solitary Walks), three suites of composi- PROPH^TE, LE, French opera in five
tions for the pianoforte, by Stephen Heller, acts, text by Scribe, music by Meyerbeer,
op. 78, op. 80, op. 86. They express the first represented at the Ojiera, Paris, April
thoughts, not the person of the author, 16, 1849. This is the composer's third
which wander through and grand opera, and, owing to its sjolendid dra-
field and forest,
record his impressions of nature from a po- matic and scenic effects, has always been a
etic but not realistic point of view. Suite I., favourite one. The theme of the libretto
op. 78 No. 1. Allegro vivo, in F-sharp is John of Leyden, who was crowned Em-
:
minor 2. Allegretto quasi allegi-o, in F peror of Germany by his fanatical followers.

; ;
3. Allegro, in B-flat minor 4. Andante, in The time is 1534. ;

The first act opens in
B-flat 5. Allegi'etto con nioto, in G
; 6. the suburbs of Dordrecht, Holland, with the
;
Assai vivace, in G minor. Suite IL, op. 80, chateau of the Count of Oberthal in the
Wanderstunden (Reveries d'artiste) No. 1. distance. Fides, mother of John of Leyden,
:
Poco agitato, in C minor 2. Allegretto con and Bertha, his betrothed, implore the
;
grazia, in D-flat ; 3. Allegro appassionato, Count's permission for the man'iage. Struck
in B-flat Lento con esi^ressioue, with her beauty, he claims Bertha for him-
minor ; 4.
in F 5. Assai vivace, in C minor

; 6. Con self, and takes her and Fides prisoners.
;
In
moto, in B-flat. Suite HL, op. 86, In the meantime three Anabaptists from West-
Wald und Flur No. 1. Agrestement, in B- phalia, who arrive in Holland to kindle in-
:
flat ;2. D'un mouvement tres-vif et pas- surrection, take advantage of the Count's
sioune, in D minor 3. Vivement etde bonne action to incite his vassals against him.
;
humeur, in D 4. D'un mouvement agito, The second act is in John of Leyden's house,
;
in G minor 5. IMolto vivace, in F

; 6. As- where he imparts his visions of future sov-
;
sai vivace, in A. —
Barbedette, Heller (Brown- ereignty to the Anabaptists, who, perceiving
Borthwick), 60. that he will aid their designs, assure him
PROMETHEUS, by Beethoven. See that he shall be a ruler. As they depai-t,
Uomini di Prometeo, Gli. Bertha, who has escajied, rushes in to claim
PROMETHEUS, overture for orchestra, his protection. The furious Count follows
in C, by Woldemar Bargiel, op. 16, written with a guard bringing Fides, whom he
166
—
PROPIIETE
threatens to kill unless Bertlia and claims him as her son. John disowns
is restored
to him. To save the life mother,
her, and through love she declares that she is
of his
John delivers up Bertha, and goes off with mistaken. The last act differs from history.
the Anabaptists. The third act is in the Instead of being condemned, John is be-
trayed by the Anabaptists. He visits Fides
in prison, and she convinces him of his
error. Bertha enters, and, learning that
John is the Prophete, stabs hei*self and dies.
The last scene is in the banquet-hall of the
palace, where John is revelling. As the
Anabaptists and the Count of Oberthal
enter, and Fides rushes in to forgive him,
an explosion takes place — John's revenge
and they all perish in the flames. Among
the principal numbers of this opera are :
The pastoral chorus, " La brise est muette ;"

the duet between Fides and Bertha, " Pn
jour,dans les flots de la Meuse " " Le jour ;
baisse et ma
mere," sung by John, ac-
companied by the chorus Fidos's grand ;
aria, " Ah ! mon fils, soit beui !

;
" the
Pauline Viardot-Garcia.
Anabaptists' camp by a frozen lake, near

Miinster, which they are besieging. Skaters
enter, bringing provisions, and dance a gay
ballet. John of Leyden hears from the
Count of Oberthal, who is taken prisoner,
that Bertha has escaped and is in Miinster,
which he rouses his followers to assault.
The fourth act is in Miinster, after its capt-
ure. Fides, begging alms in the public
square, meets Bertha, disguised as a pil-
grim. The latter tells her intention to kill
the Prophete, whom

she believes to have
caused John of Leyden's death. The next
scene, in the cathedral, where the Prophete
is to be crowned, one of Meyerbeer's most
is
brilliant compositions. It forms a striking

contrast to the rest of the opera, so gloomy
with religious and political fanaticism, and as John of Leydan.
as a piece of glittering pageantry, with gor-

geous decorations, pealing bells, solemn chorus of the Anabaptists in 11h> tin rd art,
" Du sang, du sang " the bass aria, Aussi
chants, and stately Coronation March, has ;
;" the Anab aptists'

seldom been surpassed. Fidi'S enters as the nombreux que les etoilcs
"Sous votre bauuierc;" the chant,
Prophete is invested with supremo power, trio,
167
PROSERPINA
" Eoi du ciel et des anges ;
" Fides's coup- PROSERPINE, tragedie-lyrique in five
lets imploriug charity, Donuez pour acts with prologue, text by Quinault, music
"
the chorus, " Le voih\, by Lully, first represented at Saint-Germain-
une pauvre iime " ;
le roi prophete " Fides's cavatina,

; " O toi en-Laye, Feb. 3, 1680 at the Academie ;
qui m'abaudonne " and the allegro, "II Royale de Musique, Paris, Nov. 15, 1680,
;
eu est temps encore." The part of Fidos The prologue shows the joys of Peace. The
(M.-S.), the most interesting in the opera, scene represents the domain of Discord,
was created by Mme Viardot-Garcia, who where Peace and her attendants Happiness,
has never been equalled in this character. Joy, Abundance, and Pleasure are chained.
Mme Castellan sang Bertha (S.), and M. Victory enters with Heroes, liberates Peace,
Koger, John of Leydeu (T.), in the original and confines Discord and her followers.
ca.st. This opera had received 318 rep- The libretto, a version of the Rape of Pros-
resentations at the Paris Opura in 187G. erpine, is one of Quinault's best, and is set
It was first given in Leipsic in 1850 in to music with great skill. Published by;
Dresden, Jan. 30, 1850 in Milan, May 23, ;

Christophe Ballard (Paris, 1G80 2d ed., ;
1855 in Vienna, Nov. 8, 1855 in London

; ; 1714). Same text, reduced to three acts by
at Covent Garden, in Italian, with immense music by Paisiello, Acadt-mie Guillard,
success, Mme Yiardot and Mario in the Royale de Musique, Paris, March 29, 1803.
chief parts, July 24, 1849 and first in New
Other operas on the same subject, in Ital-
;
York, Nov. 25, 1849. It was given in New ian, by Bonifazio Asioli, Correggio, 1784 ;
York by the German Opera Company at the by Jouo Cordeiro da Silva, Lisbon, 1784 ;
Metropolitan Opera House, Dec. 20, 1884. by Peter von Winter, text by Da Ponte,
Published by Brandus (Paris, 1849) by London, 1804 by John Franc "Westmore-; ;
Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1850). BaUet by Batistin (Struck),

Tran- land, ib., 1845.
scription for the pianoforte by Franz Liszt. about 1713 ballet by Schneitz- Versailles, ;
Cupriccio for huffer, text by Gardel, Paris, 1818

the pianoforte by Stephen and ;
Heller, op. 70, Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, The Loves of Pluto and Proserpine, or the
1850). —
Clement et Larousse, 551 Lajarte, Rape of Proserpine, intermezzo for the
;
ii., 203 Mendel, Meyerbeer, 60

;
Fetis, English pantomime, by John Ernst Gal-
;
vi. 125 Neue Zeitschr., xxxii. 49, 81 liard, London, 1725. Clement et Larousse,
; ;
—
Athenjcum (1849), 41G, 771, 794 ; Upton, 554 ; Lajarte, i. 36 ; ii. 28.
Standard Operas, 157. PROSERPINE, French opera in four

PROSERPINA RAPITA, by Gallet, after a poem by Bac-
Italian opera, acts, text
text by Giulio Strozzi, music b}' Monteverde, querie, music by Saint-Saens, represented
first represented at the Palazzo Mocenigo, on at the Opera Comique, Mai*ch 16, 1887.
the occasion of the marriage of Lorenzo ]\Ille Salla sang the part of Proserpine, and
Giustiniani with Giustiniana Mocenigo, the original cast included Mile Simonnet,
Venice, April IG, 1G30. This opera was Taskin, and Lubert. This opera was not a
given with great sj^lendour, and the choruses, success. — Neue Zeitschr. (1887), 136.
dances, songs, and instrumentation created PROT, FELIX JEAN, born at SenHs,
immense enthusiasm. The score, dedicated France, in 1747, died in Paris in 1823.
to the father of the bride, was published in Violinist, pupil of Desmarais, and in har-
Venice, 1G30. A copy of the MS. is in the mony of Gianotti in Paris, whither he went
National Library of Florence. Same text, early in life. In 1775 he entered the or-
music by Sacrati, Venice, 1G44 same title, chestra of the Comedie Franyaise as viola
;
intermezzo by Benedetto Ferrari, ib., 1641. player, and in 1822 was pensioned. Works
— Vierteljahrsschrift fiir Musikwissenschaft Operas Le bal bourgeois, Les reveries, '
— :
(1887), 392. 1779 Le priutemps, 1787 Symphonic con- 1 ; ;
158
;;; ;
PROTTI
certante for 2 violas ; 6 duos concertants for for pianoforte and strings, 1860 2 quar- ;
do. Duos for 2 violins.

; —
Fetis Mendol. tets for do., 1865, 1881 2 do. for strings,
; ;
PROTTI, JOSE, born at Malson, Bale-

1862, 1881 Sonata for pianoforte and flute ;
;
aric Isles, in 1827, still living, 1890. Dra- do. for organ Concertante duet for piano- ;
matic composer ; settled at Marseilles about forte and harmonium 2 Evening Services ;
;
1843, became organist of Saint-Theodore, Morning and Communion Service ; Magni-

and in 185G of Saint-Vincent de Paul. ficat and Nunc dimittis, in D ; etc. He is
Works : Gacela, Spanish opera ; Les gardes author also of " Harmony, its Theory and
franyaises, opera-comique, Marseilles, 185G ;
Practice " (London, 1880), and a contribu-
Le tresor do Jeannot, 1877
ib., Mass ; tor to Grove's Dictionary. — Grove ; ]\Ien-
Stabat Mater, and other church music del, Ergiinz., 366 ; Riemann.
Morceaux de genre, for pianoforte. — Fetis, PROVENZALE, FRANCESCO, Neapoli-
Supplement, ii. 371. tan church composer of the 17th century, and
PROUT, EBENEZER, born at Oundle, one of the most learned and esteemed
Northampt o n s h i r e, masters of the Conservatorio della Pietu de'
England, March 1, Turchini, at Naples. Works ; Pange lingua,
1835, still living, 1890. for 9 voices, with orchestra ; Tantum ergo
Instrumental and vo- and Geuitori, for soprano solo and organ,
cal composer, and with chorus La colomba ferita, sacred
;
writer on music stud- ; drama, 1669 ; La Geneviefa, oratorio ; L' in-

ied pianoforte under fedeltti abbattuta, do. —Fetis ; Mendel.
Charles Salaman. He PRUDENT, EmLE (BEUNIE-), born at
won in 1862 the first Angouleme, Feb. 3,
prize of the Society of 1817, died in Paris,

British Musicians for May 14, 1863. Pi-
the best string quartet, and in 1865 for a anist ; received his
pianoforte quartet. In 1871-74 he was first lessons from a
editor of the "Monthly Musical Record," pianoforte tuner who
and since successively musical critic of the had adopted him
"Academy" and the "Athenaeum." Con- then iûpil of Le- _
ductor of the Borough of Hackney Choral couppey, Lauren t, ^^ .
'"'
Association, 1876 professor of harmony ;
and Zimmerman, at '
r
and composition at the National Training the Paris Conservatoire, which he entered
School for Music, 1876 at the Roj'al Acad- at the age of ten. He won in 1833 the first
;
emy of Music, 1879 at Guildhall School prize for pianoforte, and in 1834 the second
;
of Music, 1884. Works Love and Taxa- prize for harmony. After Thalberg's ap-
:
tion, comic opera, 1883 Hereward, cantata, ;

pearance in Paris in 1836 he formed his
1878 Alfred, do., London, 1881
; Queen ;
style in imitation of that virtuoso, and es-
Aimoe, do., for female voices, 1885 Hail to ;

tablished his reputation by a concert given
the chief, chorus with orchestra, 1877 at Rennes in 1840. He first appeared in
Freedom, do., 1885 Magnificat for solo ; Paris in 1842, and thenceforth made many
voices, chorus, and orchestra, 1873 The ;
concert tours in France and abroad, played
100th Psalm, for soprano solo, chorus, and a concerto of his own at the London Phil-
orchestra, 1886 Overture to Twelfth- ;
harmonic in 1848, and was heard at the
Night, 1880 4 symphonies, 1873, 1876,
; New Philharmonic Concerts in 1853. Ho
1884, 1886 Minuet and trio for orchestra,
; was much sought as a teacher, and formed
1877 Suite for do., 1878 2 concertos for
; ;
several distinguished pupils. Wm-ks Lea :
organ and orchestra, 1870, 1883 Quintet ;

troia ruves, coucerto-symphouio for piano-
169
;;
PRUME
forte and orchestra Concerto in B-flat, for ;
PRmnER, ANTOINE, born in Paris,
do. Trio for pianoforte and strings Etudes July 2, 1794, died there, Jan. 20, 1868.
; ;
and transcriptions with and without vari- Virtuoso on the hai-p, puiîl of his mother,
ations ;
—
Morceaux de genre, etc. Fetis a clever amateur ; then, at the Conservatoire,
;
Grove ; Mendel ; Riemaun. of Catel in harmony, winning in 1812 the

PRUME, FRAXgOIS HUBERT, born at second prize. After this he was compelled
Stavelot, 3, 181G, died by military law to enter the Ecole Polytech-
near Liuge, June
there, July 14, 184S). Virtuoso on the vio- nique, but in 1815 gave up mathematics,
lin, son of the organist of his native town and finished his studies at the Conservatoire
sent, when five years old, to Malmedy to as a pupil of Elor in counterpoint. He be-
study under a violinist entered in 1827 the ; came hai'pist at the Theatre Italien, and in
newly opened Conservatoire at Liege, and 1835 at the Opera Comique and in the ;
in 1830 that of Paris, where he became a same year succeeded Nadermann as pro-
pupil of Habeueck. He was appointed in fessor of the harp at the Conservatoire,
1833 professor at the Lic'ge Conservatoire ;
where he formed a number of well-known
started in 1839 on a concert tour, visiting pupils. Legion of Honour in 1845 vice- ;
Frankfort, Leipsic, Berlin, Prague, Sweden, president, seventeen years consecutively, of

Norway, Denmark, and Russia, and returned the Association des artistes musiciens ; re-
in 1812 to Stavelot. He afterwards played tired in 1867from the Conservatoire. He

in Brussels, Ghent, Antwerp, and visited published about a hundred fantaisies, ron-
some of the German cities, playing with dos, and airs with variations, for harp
Liszt at Gotha, spent the winter of 181:4 (Paris). —Fetis ; Grove.
in Paris,and was recalled to Lit'ge as chief PSALM XLH. (Wie der Hirsch schreit),
professor of violin. "When not quite thirty set to music by Mendelssohn, for chorus,
he was afflicted with an incurable disease soli, and orchestra, op. 42, first performed
of the eye, which resulted in total bhnd- in Leipsic, Jan. 1, 1838. Published by
ness. Works: La melancholie, for violin Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1839) ; ar-
and orchestra or pianoforte, op. 1. (Paris) ranged for pianoforte for four hands by E.
;
Concertino, for do. Morceau de concert, for F. Richter (ib., 1841). Breitkopf & Hiirtel,
;
do. Grande polonaise, for do. 6 grandes Mendelssohn Werke, Serie xiv., No. 89.
; ;
etudes. —
Fetis Hart, The Violin, 323 Men-
; ; —
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xli. 119, 289 Reiss- ;
del Riemann Schilling, Suijplement, 350. mann, Mendelssohn, 211.

; ;
PRr:klIER, ANGE CONR.AD, born about PSALM XL\T (God is our refuge), set
1821, died in Paris, April 3, 1884. Harp to music for chorus, soli, and orchestra, by
player, son and pupil of Antoiue Prumier at Dudley Buck, and first performed by the
the Conservatoire, where he won in 1836 the Handel and Haydn Society, Boston, May 7,
second prize, in 1838 the first, and in 1843 1874.
the first prize for fugue. He succeeded his PSALM XCVm, (Singet dem Herrn ein
father at the Opera Comique, and after- neues Lied), set to music by Mendelssohn,
wards entered the orchestra of the Opera. for eight-voice chorus and orchestra, op, 91,
In 1870 he became professor at the Conser- first performed at the festival service in the
vatoire. Works Soli and etudes for hai-p Berlin Cathedral, New Year's Day, 1844.
:
2 nocturnes for horn and harp Ofifertory Published by Breitkopf

;
Hiirtel, Mendels- tic
for military band Les trois Nicolas, fan- sohn Werke, Serie xiv., No. 92.
;
taisie for do. Les quatre fils Aymon,

;
PSALM CXIV. (Als Israel aus Aegypten
march O salutaris, Agnus Dei, Ave verum, zog), set to music by Mendelssohn, for
;
—
Tantum ergo, for tenor, etc. Fetis, Sup- chorus of eight voices and orchestra, op.
plement, ii. 371. 51, first performed in Leipsic, Jan. 1, 1840.
160
; ;
PSALM
It was composed in 1838-39, and dedicated music by Ambroiso Thomas, first rep-
to the painter J. W.
Scbirmer, of Diissel- resented at the Opera Comique, Paris,
dorf. It was sung at the Niederrheiuiscbe Jan. 2G, 1857. Original cast Psyche, :Mlle :
Musikfeste in 1883 and in 1888. Breitkopf Lefebvre Eros, Mme Ugalde aud Mcr- ; ;
& Hiii'tel, Mendelssohn Werke, Serie xiv., cure, M. This is a deUcate and
Bataille.
No. 91. —Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xhi. 26 ;
graceful composition it was revived in ;
xliii. 289. Paris with additions. May 21, 1878. Other

PSALM CXV. (Nicht unserm namen, operas on the same subject Li Italian, La :
Herr), Non
nobis Domine, set to music by Psiche, intermezzo in two act.s, by Ales-
Mendelssohn, for chorus and orchestra, op. sandro Striggio, represented during the
31, first performed in Leipsic, Feb. 8, 1838. marriage of Francesco de' Medici aud
PubHshed by Simrock (Bonn, 183G). Breit- Jeanne d'Autriche, Florence, loGo Cupido ;
kopf & Mendelssohn Werke, Serie e Psiche, by Marco Scacchi, Dantzic, 1G34
Hiirtel,
xiv.. No. 88. —
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xl. Ill Psiche cercando Amore, serenata by .:\jitoijio
;
Neue Zeitschr., iv. 133. Draghi, Vienna, 1G88 Psiche, by Benedetto ;
PSYCHE, cantata, text by Lobedanz, mu- ]\Iarcello, text by Qassani, Venice, 1711 by ;
sic by Gade, op. GO, first performed at the J. J. Fux with Caldara, text by Pariati, Vi-
Birmingham (England) Festival, under the enna, Nov. 19, 1720 by J. J. Fux alone, ib., ;
composer's direction, Aug. 31, 1882, with Oct. 1, 1722 Le nozzedi Psiche con Amore, ;
Mme Marie Euze as Psyche and Mr. Santley by Leo, Naples, 1738 L' Amore e Psiche, ;
as Eros. It was well received, and is full by J. F. Agricola, text by Landi, Berlin, Oct
of graceful melodies. It was first given in 5, 17G7 and Amore e Psiche, by Josef
;
London by the Highbury Philharmonic So- Schuster, Naples, 1780 in French, Psyche, :
ciety, Nov. 27, 1882. Published by Ewer ballet by Blaise, Paris, about 1755 L'A- ;
—
& Novello, London. Athenaeum (1882), ii. mour et Psyche, by J. J. Cassanea de Mou-
347. donville, Paris, June 24, 17G0 Psyche et ;
PSYCHfi, tragedie-lyrique in five acts, I'Amour, by SaintAmans, text by the Abbe

text by Corneille, music by Lully, first rep- Voisenon, Brussels, 1778, Paris, 1782 £ti- ;
resented at the Academic Koyale de Mu- enne Nicolas Mehul, same text, ib., 1785
sique, Paris, April 9, 1G78. Fontenelle and L'Amour et Psyche, by August Piluti,
claimed to have written the text. The Paris, Dec. 13, 185G in English, by Matthew :
words of one trio, "Deh, piangete al pianto Lock (with Giovanni Baptista Draghi), text
mio," are written in Italian. The pai't of by Shadwell after Quinault, London, 1G75 ;
Psyche was sung by Mile Desmatins and parodied as Psyche Debauched, by Tli. Duf-
Mile Journet Amour, by Cochereau Ve- fet, same music, ib., 1G75 in Geriuau, Die
; ;
:
nus, by Mile Maupin and Mile Heuse, and wunderschuue Psyche, by Beinhard Keiscr,
Psyche's father, by Thevenard. Published text by Postel, for the birthday of Queen
by Christophe Ballard (Paris, 1720). Lully Sophie Charlotte of Prussia, Hamburg, Oct
also wrote music for a tragi-comedie-ballet 20, 1701 Psyche, ballet by J. J. Bodoli)ho,
;
in five acts, text by Moliere, Quinault, and Stuttgart, 17G2 Amor und Psyche, by F. ;
Pierre Coi'neille, first represented at the L. Gassmaun, Vienna, Oct. 5, 17G7 Psyche, ;
Tuileries, Jan. 17, 1G71, and at the Palais by Karl Bernhard Wessely, Berlin, 1789 ;
Royal, July 24, 1G71. It was revived of Psyche, by Peter von Winter, ^Munich,
recent years at the Comedie Franyaise, 1793 and Amor und Psycho, by Johaun ;
Paris. —
Lajarte, i. 33 Hogarth, i. 44
;
Christian Abeille, Stuttgart, 1801.— Clement
;
Clement et Larousse, 55G. et Larousse, 55G Kovue et Gaz. mu.s. do ;
PSYCHE, opera-comique in three acts, Paris (1857), 33 ;

Hauslick, Musikaliscbe
text by Jules Barbier and Michel Carre, Stationen, 120.
161
;
:
puccmi
PUCCINI, ANTONIO, born Lucca in roli and Sala. He wrote several small op-
at
1747, died there, Feb. 3, Church eras before I due prigionieri, Rome, 1801,
1832.
composer, son of Giacomo Puccini (1712- made him widely known. In 180G he went
81, organist and maestro di cappella of the to London as musical director at the opera.
republic of Lucca), pupil of Caretti at Bo- He travelled with Madame Catalani, as ac-
logna in 1781 succeeded his father at companist, through Scotland, L-eland, Hol-
;
Lucca. Member of the Accademia Filar- land, Belgium, and the Rhine countries,
monica, Bologna. Works Masses, psalms, and followed her to Paris when she as-
:
motets, for 2 8 voices

to Requiem for sumed the direction of the Italian opera
;
the obsequies of Emjêror Joseph II. 20 there. About the end of 1817 he returned
;
services, with orchestra, for the feast of St. to Italy and settled in Rome. Works
Cecilia. —
Fctis do.. Supplement, ii. 372.
;
L' amor platonico, Lucca, 1800 Le nozze ;
PUCCINI, DOÎENnCO, born at Lucca senza sposa, Parma, 1800 II fuoruscito, ;
in 1771, died there, May 25, 1815. Dra- Milan, 1801 ; I due prigionieri, Rome, 1801
matic and church composer, son of the pre- II puntiglio, Milan, 1802 Teresa Wilk, la ;
ceding ; studied first in his native city, then fiuta pazza ; Andromacca, Lisbon, 1806
at Bologna under Padi-e Mattei and at Na- H marchese d' un giorno, ossia gli sposi
ples under Padre Tesei. After his return felici, Leghorn, 1808 La vestale, London, ;
to Lucca he was appointed maestro di cap- 1809 Le tre sultane, ib., 1811 Laodicea, ; ;
pella of the republic, replacing his father. ib., 1813 L' orgoglio avvilito, Paris, 1815 ; ;
—
Works Operas Quinto Fabio II ciarla- La caccia di Enrico IV., ib., 1816 La prin-
: ; ;
tano Le frecce d' Amore La moglie ca- cipessa in campagna, ib., 1817 La festa
;
; ;
jjricciosa L' ortolanella.

;
Masses, vespers, del \illaggio, Rome, 1821 I prigionieri, ;
psalms, hymns, motets, Te Deum for 2 to Venice, 1831 Adolfo e Chiara, ; ]\Iilan, 1833.
8 voices ; Grand motet, for 16 voices and Fetis Mendel. — ;
double orchestra Several cantatas. Fetis,

; — PUGET, LOISA, born in Paris about
Supplement, ii. 372. 1810, died in Pau, 1889. Vocal composer ;
PUCCINI, MICHELE, born at Lucca, she won extraordinary popularity in the reign
Dec. 27, 1813, died there, Jan. 23, 18G1. of Louis Philippe by her songs, composed
Dramatic and church composer, son of the to words by Gustave Lemoine, whom she
preceding, pupil of Fanucchi on the piano- married in 1842. Among the best known
forte and in theory, and of Padre Sautucci are : A la grace de Dieu ; Ave Maria ; Le
and Eugenio harmony and counter- soleil de ma Bretagne Ta dot Mon pays
Galli in ; ;
;
point then at Bologna pupil of Piloti, and Les reves d'une jeune fille.
;
After study-
at Naples of Mercadaute. After his return ing composition under Adolphe Adam, she
to Lucca, in 1811, he was made director of produced Le mauvais ceil, at the Opera Co-
the musical institute. Works Antonio mique, in 1836; and La veilleuse, ou les nuits
:
Foscarini, opera ; Cattani, o la rivoluzione de milady, operetta, at the Gymnase, 1869.

degli Straccioni, do. Miserere Her songs were published in albums which
; 2 masses ;
and Benedictus Several motets, for 2 to 4 appeared every year. Fetis Mendel.
;
— ;
voices, with and without orchestra 8 ser- PUGET, PAUL CHARLES ]\IARIE ;
vices for 4 voices and orchestra Composi- CURET-, born at Nantes, June 25, 1848, still
;
tions for 8 voices and 2 orchestras. — Fetis,

Dramatic composer, pupil at living, 1890.
Supplement, ii. 372. Marmontel on the Paris Conservatoire of
PUCCITA (Pucita), VINCENZO, born at the pianoforte, of Bazin in harmony, and of
Civita Vecchia in 1778, died in Milan, Dec. Masse in composition. He won the prix
20, 1861. Dramatic composer, pupil at the de Rome, 1873, for his cantata Mazeppa.
Conservatorio della I'icta, Naples, of Fena- Other works Les jardins d'Armide, opera- :
J62
:
PUGXANI
bouffe Le maitre danseur, Bouffes-Pari-
; Dramatic composer, pupil in 1815-22 of
siens,18G9 La Marocaine, opera-comique,
; Asioli at the Milan Conservatorio. About
Theatre Lyrique Andrea del Sarto, lyric
; 1840 he went to St. Petersburg, where for
—
drama. Fetis, Suppl('ment, ii. 372. thirty years he composed ballets almost ex-
PUGNANI, GAETAXO, born in Turin clusively. Works : II disertore svizzero, o
in 1727, died there la nostalgia, ^Milan, 1831 ; La vcudetta,
in 1803. Virtuoso .'^'^^^^ ib.,1832 Eicciardo di Edimburgo, Trieste,
;
on the violin, one of 1832 n contrabandiere, Milan, 1833 Un

; ;
the best represent- episodio di San Michole, ib., 1834. Among

atives of the Pied- his ballets are : Le fucinedi Vulcano, Panna,
montese school; 1826 ; Eutichio della Castagna, Pelia o
pupil of Somis, who 1845
^ffleto, MHan, 1827 ; Esmeralda, ib., ;
had studied under La

de marbre, Paris, 1847 Edoardo, fille ;
Corelli, then in ib., 1848 La vivandiere, ib., 1848 Le ; ;
Padua of Tartini. violon du diable, ib., 1849 Stella, ou Ics ;
He combined the contrebandiers, ib., 1850 Le marche des ;
prominent qualities of style and technique innocents, ib., 18G1 Diavohna, ib., 1863 ; ;
of both these great masters. He was first Gli elementi, ib., 18G6 La momie, St. ;
violin in the court orchestra at Turin in Petersburg, 1862 etc. Fetis do., Sup- ; — ;
1752 he travelled in 1754-70, playing at plement, ii. 373.

;
the Concerts Spirituels in Paris, and spend- PUIG, BERNARDO CXLVO, born at
ing several years in London, where he Vich, Spain, Feb. 22, 1819, still living (?),
was for a time leader in the orchestra of 1890. Organist and singer, pupil of Jose
the Italian opera. In 1770 he returned Galles, and in composition of Francisco Bo-
to Turin, became maestro di cappella of the namich then at Barcelona pupil of Jose ;
royal theatre, and opened a violin school Rose's and of Juan Quintana, the latter of
which became famous for its pupils, among whom he succeeded as organist of Nuestra .
whom were Viotti, Conf orti, Buini, and Pol- Dama del Pino. He resigned this post to
ledro. To him may be said to be due the pre- become contralto in the Chapel of Santn
servation of the grand style of Corelli, Tar- Maria del ]Mar, and afterwards at the ca-
tini, and Vivaldi, and its transmission to the thedral. In 1853 he was appointed maestro
next generation of violinists. Works Ope- — de capilla of the Church de la Merced.
ras Tamas Koulikan, Turin, 1772
: Adoue ;
Works Carlo il temerario, opera L' astro-
: ;
e Venere, Naples, 178-4. Nanetta e Lubino, nomo, comic opera Un novio en dos per-
;
opera buffa, Turin, 1784 Achillo in Sciro, sonas, zarzucla

;
; Don Gumersiudo Don ;
ib., 1785 ; Demetrio a Rodi, 1789 Coreso Francisco de Quevedo 2 oratorios Stabat
;
; ;
e Calliroe, ballet, 1792. Two cantatas Mater Miserere Service for the month of ; ;
Issea, 1771, and 1' Aurora, 1775. Nine con- May About 200 hymns, motets, psalms, ;
certos for violin ; 12 octets (symphonies) etc. —Fetis, Supplement, ii. 374.
for string quartet, 2 oboes, and 2 horns ; G PLITS D'AMOUR, LE (The Well of
quintets for 2 violins, 2 flutes, and bass ; G Love), opera-comiquc in three acts, text In-
quartets for strings ; 3 sets of trios, 2 do. scribe and de Lcuven, nuisic by Balfe, first
of duos, for violins. — Fetis ; Mendel ;
Schil- represented at the Opera Comiciuc, Paris,
ling ; Wasielewski, Die Violine, 103 ; Hart, April 20, 1843. A young king, I^:douard,
The Violin, 22G ; Dubourg, The Violin, lives a gay hfc Avitli noblemen, and his
87. forces them to throw him into the puits

PUGNI, CESARE, born Milan in 1805 d'amour. This leads into a subtcrranoan
in
died at St. Petersburg in January, 1870. hall, a rendezvous for the adventurous lords.
lU.)
rUFILLE
A young girl, Geraldine, tlirows herself into PURCELL, DANIEL, born in London in
the well, because she was forced to renounce 1660, died there, Dec. 12, 1717. Organist,
her lover Tony, the sailor, in reality Lord brother of Henry Purcell was organist;
Salisbury, by the king, who wanted her for of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1688-95,
a waiting woman to his betrothed, the Prin- and of St. Andrew's, London, in 1713-17.
cesso de Hainault. —
Gcraldiuc, arriving in Works Music to dramas Love's last Shift
:
the hall among the noblemen, who are dis- (Cibber), 1C96 Indian Queen, 169G
; Bru- ;
guised as demons, believes herself to be tus of Alba, or Augusta's Triumph, 1697 ;
dead and in hell, but Salisbury, who is Cynthia and Endymion (D'Urfey), 1697 ;
among them, protects her. £douard is Phaeton, or the fatal Divorce, 1698 The ;
seized by the sheriff, is released, pardons Island Princess (Motteaux), with Clark and
the sheriflf, and consents to the union of Leveridge, 1699 The Grove, or Love's
;
Salisbury with Geraldine. The opera was Paradise, 1700 The unhappy Penitent,
;
first given in London, as Geraldine, English 1701 The Inconstant (Farquhar), 1702
;
;
translation by Gilbert a Becket, in August, The Judgment of Paris, a pastoral (Con-

1843. It was given in Vienna as Der Lie- gi-eve), 1700. Odes, psalms, instrumental
—
besbrunnen in 18-15. Clement et Larousse, and church music, and songs.
557 Athenanim (1813), 757.
;
PURCELL, HENRY, the younger, born
PUPILLE SDEGNOSE contralto aria
!, in Old Pye Street,
of Muzio, in D major, with accompaniment Westminster, in or
of oboes and violins in unison, and bass, in about 1658, died in
Handel's Muzio Scveola, Act III., Scene 3. Dean's Yard, West-
Published also separately, with the accom- minster, Nov. 21,
paniment filled out by Eobert Franz (Leip- 1695. The second
sic, Kistnei'). son of Henry Purcell
PUPPO, GIUSEPPE, born in Lucca, the elder (Gentle-
June 12, 1749, died in Florence, April 19, man Roy- of Chapel
1827. Naples Con-
Violinist, pupil at the al, 1660 member ;
servatorio became a virtuoso in Italy at an

; Royal Band, 1663;
early age. He went in 1775 to Paris, thence died, 1664), he lost his father when still a
to Spain and Portugal, where he is said to boy. He entered the Chapel Royal, where
have amassed a considerable fortune, and he studied under Cooke and Humphrey,
after spending several years in London re- and received instruction also from Dr.
turned in 1784 to Paris, where he became Blow. In 1675, when only seventeen, he
first violin at the Theatre de Monsieur, and got an order from Josias Priest, a theatrical
then at the Feydeau, and finally conductor dancing-master, to write an opera on Tate's
of the orchestra at the Theatre Franyais. Dido and J<]neas, to be given at his " board-
In 1811 he left Paris suddenly, abandoning ing school for young gentlewomen." The
his wife and children, and was next heard success of this work, though in somewhat
of in Naples, where he was conductor at a restricted circles, was such that Purcell
theatre he went thence to Lucca and to soon had orders to write overtures, songs,
;
Florence, where he finally died in destitu- and incidental music to several plays by
tion in a hospice. His published composi- Dryden, Shadwell, and Mrs. Behn. The
tions, consisting of duos, concertos, and fan- last works of this, his first period, were
tasias for violin and pianoforte, are few and music to Shadwell's version of Shakesiêare's
of little importance. —
Grove Fetis Men- " Timon of Athens," Lee's " Theodosius,"
; ;
del Hart, The Violin, 231

; xiii. 423
; Wa- and D'Urfey's," The Virtuous Wife." In 1680
;
sielcwski, Die Violine, 12G. he was appointed organist at Westminster

iw
;
rUKCELL
Abbey, and for tlie next six years wrote If, instead of dying at the age of thirty-
nothing for the stage, but composed several seven, he had lived to see Italian opera
occasional cantatas, " Welcome Songs " to introduced into England, and, most of all,
the King, and twelve sonatas for two violins enjoyed an ai-tistic intercourse with Handel,
and continuo. In 1G82 ho was appointed the very greatest things might have been
organist to the Chapel Royal. In 1G8G he expected of him. As it is, he shares an
began once more to ^vl'ito for the stage, undeserved oblivion as far as the nuisical —
with music to Dryden's " Tyrannic Love," world at large is concerned with all other —
which was followed by music to other plays, composers of the pre-Handclian period.
until in 1690 he brought out his first real A Purcell Club, organized in London in
opera, Dioclesian, Next year followed his 183G, existed until 18G3. Durinsr this
masterpiece, King Arthur, the score of
which was published by the Musical Anti-
quarian Society in 1843. From this time
to his death he continued writing operas
and incidental music to plays, as well as
sacred music in various forms. His death Tv" î ^-' »'.^ 'ifj - '
1^,. \mi'T. iZJ] /_sl -stt

is said to have been brought on by a cold
caught while waiting one night at his own

door, his wife having locked him out as a
punishment for keeping late hours but ;
it is more probable that the true cause was ;,'<•« '•'' ' l'
^
V. If'' fr',( It! I. ;,./.•;,-„ vtt' ',„..'*/mi'
consumption. He retained all his faculties,

Birthplace of Purcell.
and even his full musical creative power, to
the last, and one of his best works, the period many
of Purcell's works were per-
cantata, " From rosy bowers," was written formed and published. The valuable li-
during his last illness. He left all his prop- brary of the club was given to Westminster
making her sole executrix.
erty to his wife, Abbey. A commemoration to celebrate the
He was buried on Nov. 2G, 1G95, under the bicentenary of Purcell's birthday was held
organ in the north aisle of Westminster in London, Jan. 30, 1858. On Feb. 21,
Abbey. Purcell was without doubt the 187G, a Purcell Society was founded to pub-
greatest, perhaps the only really great, mu- lish his jNIS. and to perform his works.
sical genius England has ever given to the —
Works I. Operas and music to tragedies
world. He was the originator of a form of and comedies, all brought out in London :
English opera which was followed almost Dido and .^^neas (text by Nahum Tate),
universally for over a century and a half, 1G75 (published in score by the ]\Insical
and was even, in a certain sense, the father Antiquarian Society, 1840) Aurengo-Zebo ;
of characteristically English melody. His (Dryden), 1G7G ; Epsom Wells (Shadwell),

chief model in dramatic music, and the 1G76 The Libertine (do.), 1G7G Abdelazor
; ;
composer whose works he principally stud- (Mrs. Behn), 1G77 Timon of Athens (Shad- ;
ied, was Jean Baptiste Lully but ho far

; well's adaptation of Shakespeare), 1(178
sui*passed his model in wealth of melody, Theodosius, or the Force of Love (Nat. Loe),
while he equalled him in dramatic power. 1G80 The Virtuous Wife (D'Urfoy), 1G80
; ;
He was equally great in dramatic and A Fool's Preferment (do.), 1G88 ; The Trm-
church composition, and Handel studied jiesf (Shadwell's adaptation of Shakespeare),
his odes and anthems with avidity. His 1(590 The Prophetess, or tlio History of
;
instrumental chamber-music, although long Dioclesian (Betterton, after Beaumont and

Hince obsolete, was remarkable for its day. Fletcher), 1G90 (published in score l)y sub-
ir>5
;
PURCELL
scription, The Massacre in Paris
1G91) ;
chorus, 1681 ; Ode to the King on his re-
(Nat. Lee), 1G90 King Arthur (Dry den),
; Ninth turn from Newmarket, Oct. 21, 1682 ;
1G91, and with additions by T. A. Ai-ne, Horace imitated in a dialogue be- Ode of
1770 (published in score by the Mus. Antiq. tween the poet and Lydia Music for the ;
Soc, 1843) Distressed Innocence, or the Lord Mayor's show, 1682 Three odes for
; ;
Princess of Persia (Elkanah Settle), 1G91 the festival of St. Cecilia, 1683 Welcome ; ;
The Gordian Knot untyed, 1G91 Sir song for the King, Fly, bold rebellion, ;
Anthony Love, or the Rambling Lady 1683 Ode for Prince George of Denmark's ;
(Southerne), 1G91 Amphitryon (Dryden), man'iage with the Princess Anne, From
;
1G91 TJie Indian Queen (Howard and Dry- hardy climes, 1683
; St. Cecilia's Ode, ;
den), 1G92 (published in part by May and 1684 Ode to welcome the King on his re- ;
Hudgebutt, 1G95, and entire by Goodison) turn to Whitehall after his summer's pro- ;
The Indian Emperor (Dryden, sequel to the gress, 1684 Ode in honour of the King, ;
foregoing), 1G92 Cleomenes (do.), 1G92 Why are all the Muses mute ?, 1685 Ode
; ; ;
The Wives' Excuse (Southerne), 1G92 The for the King, Ye tuneful Muses, 1686 ;
;
Marriage Hater match'd (D'Urfey), 1G92 Elegy on the death of John Playford the ;
(Edipus (Dryden and Lee), Act HI., 1692 younger, text by Mr. Tate, 1687 Ode for ; ;
The fairy Queen (anonymous adaptation of the King, Sound the trumpets, beat the
Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream), drum, 1687 Ode for the King, 1688 Ode, ; ;
1G92 The Old Bachelor (Congreve), 1693

; "At the Prince of Denmark's coming home," ;
The Richmond Heiress, or a Woman once 1689 Arise, my muse, D'Urfey's ode for the ;
in the Right (D'Urfey), 1G93 The Maid's Queen's birthday, Ai:)ril 29, 1690 Sound
; ;
last Prayer (Southerne), 1G93 Henry the the trumpet, ode for King William, 1690
; ;
Second (Bancroft), 1G93 Don Quixote Ode for the Queen's birthday. Welcome,
;
(D'Urfey), Parts I and H., 1G94 The glorious morn, 1691 Sir Chai'les Sedley's
; ;
Double Dealer (Congreve), 1G94 The Mar- ode. Love's goddess sure was blind, for the
;
ried Beau (Crowne), 1G94 The Fatal Mar- Queen's birthdaj', 1692 Brady's ode. Hail,
; ;
riage (Southerne), 1G9J: Love Triumphant great Cecilia, for the anniversary of St.
;
(Dryden), 1G94 liondura (Powell, after Cecilia, 1692

; Commemoration ode for ;
Beaumont and Fletcher), 1G95 (published Trinity College, Dublin, Great Parent, hail,
in score by the Mus. Antiq. Soc.) The 1693 Celebrate this festival, ode for the
; ;
Mock Marriage (Scott), 1695 The Rival Queen's birthday, 1693 Come, come, ye
; ;
Sisters (Gould), 1695 Oroonoko (South- sons of art, ode for the Queen's birthday,
;
erne), 1695 The Canterbury Guests (Ra- 1694 The art of descant, ode for John
; ;
venscroft), 1695 The Knight of Malta Playford, 1694 Who can from joy refrain ?,
; ;
(Beaumont and Fletcher), 1695 Don Quix- a birthday ode for the Duke of Gloucester,
;
ote (D'Urfey), Part HI, 1695 ; Circe (Charies 1695.

Davenant), Act I. (never performed, and HI. Church music and anthems O God, :
not surely authentic). thou art my God, 4-part anthem O God, ;
n. Odes Address to the King, 1669

:
;
thou hast cast us out, 6-part anthem O ;
Elegy on the death of Matthew Lock, Lord God of Hosts, 8-part anthem Thy ;
1677 Welcome song for His Royal High-

; way, O God, is holy, 2-part anthem Be ;
ness's return from Scotland, What shall be merciful unto me, O

God, 3-part anthem ;
done in behalf of the man?, 4-part sym- It is a good thing, 4-part anthem, with
phony, solo, and 4-part chorus, 1680 Song ; symphony, or prelude, two violins and bass
to welcome His Majesty home from Wind- O praise God in his holiness, with violins
sor, 1680 Ode for the King, Swifter, Isis,
; and bass Awake, put on thy strength,
;
swifter flow, 4-part symphony, solo, and ritornels, solo, and chorus Bless the Lord, ;
icu
; ";;
PURCELL
O my two choruses, and
soul, six voices, violins and bass ; In deep vision's intellect-
symphony do the heathen?, three
; Why ual scene, recitatives, arias, and chorus ;
voices and symphony Unto thee will I cry, ; With sick and famished eyes, lamentation
three voices and two violins I will give ; Fly, bold rebellion, solo and finale for seven
thanks, five voices Praise the Lord, sym- ; voices Oh, oh, what a scene,
; etc., 2-part
phony for two violins and bass, solo, and song ; Though my mistress be fair, do. ;
duets O sing unto the Lord, four and five

; Sylvia, thou brighter eye of night, do. Go ;
voices, chorus, and symphony, two violins tell Aminta, gentle swan, duet From those ;
and bass Behold, I bring you glad tidings

;
;
serene and rapt'rous joys, choruses and
Thy word is a lantern O give thanks They ; ; airs Cease, anxious world, your fruitless
;
that go down to the sea in ships, composed pain, song Thoy say you're angry, cantata
;
at the request of the Rev. Mr.

Teucer from his father lied, 2-part Gostling, When
when the King was at sea (1G79) Peace be song Sighs for Charles H., If pray'rs and ;
;
within thy walls Lord, how long I was tears In some kind dream, 2-part song
; ; ;
;
glad when, ritornel The way of God O be Awake, awake, and with attention hear, one
; ;
joyful Blessed is he Blessed is the man, voice

; Here, here's to thee, Dick, 2-part
; ;
and, Thou knowest, Lord, for Queen Mary's song If ever I more riches did desire, can- ;
funeral (1G95) Two elegies upon the Queen's tata Anacreon's defeat, This poet sings the
;
;
death (1695) My beloved spake My song Trojan wars, song Celestial music did the
; ; ;
shall be alway Rejoice in the Lord alway, gods inspire, Aug. 5, 1789 In each truck,
; ;
for three voices with symphonies Praise 2-part song Sing, all ye Muses, Fair Chloe ; ;
the Lord, O my soul Save me, O God "We my heart so alarms When Myra sings
; ;
;
;
give thanks I was glad, and, My heart is From rosy bowers, sung by Îrs. Cross, as
;
indicting, for the ceremony of James II. 's Altifidora, in Don Quixote Sweet tunes ;
coronation at Westminster Abbey, 1685 are so bad, dialogue Now the maids and ;
Thanksgiving anthem for the recovery of the men, do. Many ballads, glees, rounds, ;
James II.'s Queen Blessed are they that and catches. ;
fear the Lord, 1688 The Lord is King, V. Instrumental 12 sonatas of three
; :
1688 Church service in B-flat

; 5-part parts, two violins and bass, with organ or ;
Gloria Patri Two Psalms Crucia in hac hari^sichord, 1683

; Lessons for the harpsi-
; ;
flamma, hymn for two voices Hymns and chord or spinnet, 1696 10 sonatas in four ; ;
psalms for three and four voices and a parts for the clavecin, the ninth of which is ;
Te Deum and Jubilate in D, Avith orchestral called the Golden sonata, 1(597 March and ;
accompaniments, for the festival of St. Ce- quick-step, afterwards adapted to the L-ish
cilia, 1694. ballad, Lilllburlcro ; Overtures, dance-tunes,
rV. Cantatas and songs : How pleasant in and music for the theatre. Two collections
two voices, of Purcell's works were published by his
this flowery plain, pastoral song,
chorus, two flutes, and bass, unfinished widow, "Orpheus Britanuicus" (2 vols., ;
Hark, how the wild musicians sing, pastoral London, 1698-1702 2d cd., 1706-1 ;{) ; ;
for three voices, chorus, two violins, and and "A collection of Ayres composed for the
bass Hark, Damon, what Musick's this ? theatre and other occasions by the late Îr.
;
pastoral Above the tumult of a busy state, Henry Purcell" (London, 1697).
; Many of
pastoral duet Dialogue between Charon Purcell's works are contained in Playford's
;
and Orpheus, cantata for one and two Theatre of Music (London, 16S7) in the ;
voices No, to what purpose should I speak, Harmonia Sacra (ib., 1688)
;
and otliers in ;
cantata, with chorus Job's curse. Let the the collections of lioyce, Arnold, and Page.
;
night perish, song Amidst the Shades, etc., A collection of " Purccirs Sacred Music
;
song; See where she sits, etc., duet, two was published by Vincent Novello (Loudon,
167
, :
PUEITANI
182G-3G). Henry Purcell's only surviving and sentenced to death. At this crisis a
son, Edward (1G89-1740), was organist of herald announces the defeat of the Stuarts,
St. C 1 e m e n t 's and Cromwell pardons the political of-
^ ÂTj^-dtj) Eastcheap, and of fenders. The joyful news restores Elvira

^^'^'^
St. Margaret's, to health, and she is married to Arturo.
Westminster, 1726. He left a son Henry The principal numbers are the quartet
(died about 1750), who succeeded Lis father
as organist. —
W. H. Cunimings, Purcell
(London, 1881) ; Hawkins, iv. 495 ; Burney,
iii. 483 Fetis,
;
vii. ; Grove, iii.
PURITANI DI SCOZIA, I (The Puritans

of Scotland), Italian opera in two acts, text
by Count Pepoli, music by Bellini, first rep-
resented at the Thi'-atre Italien, Paris, Jan.
25, 1835. The libretto is the poorest in all
but the score contains some
Bellini's operas,
of his best melodies. Scene in England,
during the reign of Charles H. The Puri-
tan Elvira, daughter of Lord Walton, who
has been promised to Sir Eiccardo Forth,
gains her father's consent to her marriage
with Sir Arturo Talbot, a Cavalier, who is
admitted to the fortress held by Lord
Antonio Tamburini.
Walton. On the day for their nuptials Ar-
.
"A te, o cara

;
" "Son vergin vezzosa," a
polonaise sung by Elvii-a " Non casa,
;
non spiaggia," the final chorus of the first

act ; Elvira's mad song, " Qui la voce " her ;
aria, "Vien, diletto;" " Suoni tromba," la

duet between Eiccardo and Giorgio, known
as the " Liberty Duet " and Arturo's ro-
;
manza, " A una fonte, afflitto e solo." Bel-

lini wrote the score for the four great ar-
tists who sang in the original cast
Elvira (S.) Mme Grisi.

Ai'turo (T.) Signor Rubini.
Eiccardo (B.) Signor Tamburini.
Giorgio (B.) Signor Lablache.
This was Bellini's last work, for he died on

Sept. 23, 1835. At his funeral a Lacrymosa
Giovanni Battista Rubini.
was sung by Eubini, Ivanofif, Tamburini,
turo aids Enrichetta, the widowand Lablache, the music of which was ar-
of Charles
L, and a prisoner there, to escape, and El- ranged from the tenor aria, "A una fonte,
vira, believing that he is eloping, loses her afflitto e solo," from IPuritani. This opera
reason. On his return Arturo makes an was first given in London, at the King's
explanation to Elvira, and they renew their Theatre, for the benefit of Mme Grisi, May
vows but Arturo is arrested for treason. 21, 1835, and sung by Grisi, Eubini, Tam-
;
168
: "
PURITAN'S
biirini, and Lablaclie, long known as the Donizetti and Mercadante in composition
" Puritani Quartet." Mme Bosio also was and orchestration. In 1844 he became
successful as Elvira. This work was first maestro concertatore at the Teatro San
given in Berlin, Vienna, Milan, and Rome Carlo, where he is now maestro di cappella.
in 1836, and first in New York, Feb. 3, Works— Operas II marchese Albergati, :
1844. Full score published by Schott Naples, 1839 II figlio dello schiavo, ib., ;
(Mainz, 1835) pianoforte score by Tado- 1845

; Elfrida di Salerno, ib., 1849 II
; ;
lini (ib.), and by Ch. Rummel (ib., 1839), dottor Sabbato, opera buffa, ib., 1852.
Le
and Grande Fantaisie for the pianoforte tre ore d' agonia, oratorio 3 masses, with ;
by Liszt, op. 7 (ib., 1839). Edition by orchestra 2 Credo, do. 2 Tantum ergo, ; ;
Natalia Macfarren, Novell o, Ewer & Co. do. Many motets, with and without or-
;
—
(London, 1872). Clement et Larousse, chestra Several overtures for orchestra, ;
558 Grove, i. 213 Edwaxxls, Hist. Opera, etc. Fetis, Supplement, il 375.
; ; —
ii. 253 Allgem. nius. Zeitg., xxxviii. 113
; PYGMALION, melodrama, text by Jean
;
Neue Zeitschr., iv. 130 Athenieum (1835), Jacques Rousseau, music by Georg Benda,
;
418 Upton, Standard Operas, 54.

; first represented in Gotha about 1771, in
PURITAN'S DAUGHTER, THE, Eng- Leipsic in 1780. The story is that of Pyg-
lish oiêra in three acts, text by Bridg- malion and Galatea.
J. V. It was given in Ber-
man, music by Balfe, first represented at lin, Nov. 14, 1808, with Herr Ifiland as
Covent Garden, London, Nov. 30, 18G1. Pygmalion. Other operas, melodramas,
The action takes place in England in the and cantatas on this subject In Italian, :
reign of Charles II. Original cast Pimmaglione in Cipro, by Antonio Draghi,

text by Minato, for the birthday of the Em-
Mary Miss Louisa Pyne.
press, Vienna, 1689 Pimmaglione, by Gio- ;
Clifford Mr. Santley,
vanni Alb. Ristori, about 1750 same title, ;
Rochester Mr. Harrison.
ballot by Florian Deller, about 1750 can- ;
Wolf Mr. Corri.
tata by Zingarelli, Naples, 1779 drama, ;
Seymour Mr. St. Alban.

with music, by Bonifazio Asioli, Turin,
King Charles Mr. Patey.
about 1789 operetta by Cimadoro, Ven- ;
The chief numbers are Mary's ballad, ice, 1788, Milan, Nov. 20, 1795 by Cima-
: ;
" Pretty, lowly, modest flower " the duet rosa, Vienna, 1792 by Sirotti, ^lilaii, 17il3
; ; ;
between Mary and Clifford, " Oh would that and opera, by Giovanni Battista Gordigiani,
I had died ere now " " Let the loud tim- Prague, 1845 in French, Pygmalion, by Li
; :
brel," a duet between two of the Puritans Barre, in Le triompho dcs arts, text by La-
;
Rochester's drinking-song, " Let others sing motte, Paris, May 16, 1700 melodrama by ;
the praise of wine " the quartet, " Ere J. J. Rousseau, set by Horace Coignet, Paris,
;
long Death, perhaps, shall lay me low

;
Oct. 30, 1775, and by Antoine L. Baudron,
"
Rochester's song, " Hail gentle sleep
! ib., 1780 L'Anti-Pygmalion, by Jean Bap-
; ;
and Mary's ballad, "My father dear, though tiste Rochefort, Paris, 1778 Le nouveau ;
years roll by." —Athenreum (1861), Pygmalion, by Christian Rheineck, Lyons,

ii. 772 ;
Upton, Standard Operas, 36. about 1780 duodrama by Benedetto ;
PUZONE, GIUSEPPE, born at Naples, Bonesi, text by Du Rosoy, Paris, Dec. 16,
December, 1821, still living, 1890. Dramatic 1780 scene with orchestra, by Christian
;
and church composer, pupil, at the Conserva- Kalkbrenner, Paris, 1799 ballet pantomime ;
torio di San Pietro a IVIajella, of Ferrazzano by Lcfebre, text by :\riloii. Paris. Aug. 20,
and Rossi on the oboe, of Lanza on the pi- 1800 oprra-coniicpie by Chenibini. Paris, ;
anoforte, of Gennaro Parisi in harmony, of Nov. 30, ISO!) by Hah'vy, 1SU3, not given ; ;
Francesco Ruggi in counterpoint, and of Galatce, by Victor Masse, Paris, April 14,
IC'J
QUAGLIATI
1852 ; Monsieur Pygmalion et la statue, QUAL COR TRADISTI. See Norma.
operetta by Auguste Leveille, Paris, about QUAL FARFALLETTA, soprano aria of
18G5 and Pygmalion, operetta by
;
Mme
de Partenope, in A major, with accompaniment
Sainte-Croix, Paris, Feb. 1875 in Ger- 9, : of two violins and bass, in Handel's Paiie-
man, Der wuuderbar vergniigte Pygmalion, nope, Act H., Scene Published also sepa-
7.
by Conradi, text by Postel, Hamburg, 1G94 ;

rately, with the accompanimentfilled out
Pygmalion, Singspiel by Franz Aspclmayer, by Otto Dresel (Leipsic, Breitkopf & Har-
Vienna, about 1775 ballet by Karl Hanke,
;
tel).
in the castle of Graf Haditz, Rosswalde, QUAND JE QUITTAI LA NORMAN-

1777; Singspiel by T. A. Kuntz, Prague, DIE. See Robert le Diablo.
1781 cantata by Franz Bentla, 1785
; mo- ;
QU.VNDO RAPITA IN ESTASL See
nodrama (?) by Ant. Schweitzer, about Lucia.
1785 Singspiel by Justin Heinrich Knecht,
;
QUANT' i: PIU BELLO L' AMOR CON-
about 1790 Pygmalion oder die Reforma-
;
TADINO, nine variations for the pianoforte,
tion der Liebe, Singspiel by Herklots, com- in A, by Beethoven, on a theme from Paisi-
poser unknown, Berlin, 1792 Die lieue des : ello's La 3foUnara, composed in 179G,
opera.
Pygmalion, baUet by Josef Weigl, Vienna, and dedicated to Sua Altezza il Signoro
Oct. 1, 1791 Pygmalion, comic ojjera by
; Principe Carlo de Lichnowsky. Published
Karl Jakob Wagner, Darmstadt, 1809 ;
byTraeg (Vienna, 179G). Breitkopf & Hiir-
Singspiel by Franz Volckert, Vienna, 1827 ;
Beethoven Werke, Serio xvii.. No. G.
tel,
Singspiel by J. C. H. Remde, Weimar, —Thayer, Verzeichniss, 15.

183G and Die schOne Galathea, operetta by
; QUANTO AMORE. See Elisire d' amore.
Franz von Suppe, text by P. Henrion, Vi- QUANTZ (Quanz), JOHANN JOACHIM,
enna, Sept. 9, 18G5. born at Oberscheden,
PYRRHUS ET POLYXi:NE. See Achille Hanover, Jan. 30, 1G97,
et Polyxcne. died in Potsdam, July
12, 1773. Virtuoso on
the flute, and the famous
QUAGLIATI, PAOLO, Roman harpsi- instructor of Frederick
chord player of the 17th century. the Great on that instru-
He was
maestro di cappella of Santa ment. The son of a
Maria Maggiore in 1G12 and published blacksmith, he early
Carro di fedelta d' amore (IGll), one of the played double-bass at
oldest musical dramas in existence, and Mo- village festivalsand was taken by his un-
;
tetti e dialoghi a 2-8 voci (1G20).— Fetis ;

cle, Justus Quantz, to Merseburg to be
Mendel. brought up as a musician. He learned sev-

QUAISAIN, /iDRIEN, born in Paris in eral instruments and studied the pianoforte
17GG, died there, May 15, 1828. Dramatic under Friedrich Kiesewetter. When his
singer and composer, pupil of Berton made ; apprenticeship was over, in 1713, he became
his debut in 1797, and was chef d'orchestre assistant musician at Radeberg, then at
of the Theatre de I'Ambigu-Comique in Pirna, and
in 1716 in Dresden. He stud-
1799-1819. Works: Sylvain et Lucette, ied counterpoint under Zelenka and Fux in
ou la vendange, 1797 La musicomanie, Vienna in 1717, and in 1718 joined the Po-
;
Les deux ivrognes, Le mari d'emprunt, lish royal orchestra of Warsaw and Dres-
1800 Une utourderie, ou I'une pour I'auden, playing first the oboe, and later the
;
tre, La dot, ou le mari d'un jour, 1801 Les flute under Bufifardin. In 1724: he went to
;
—
amants absents, 1803. Fetis do., Supple- Italy in the suite of the Polish ambassa-
;
ment, ii. 377. dor, Count Lagnasco, received instruction in
no
;
QITAKEXGIII
counterpoint from Gasperini in Rome, and Quartets Caprices, fantasias, etc., for vio- ;
made the acquaintance of the Neapolitan loncello.— Fi'tis, Supp]»'ment, ii. 377.
masters; in 1726 he remained several QUATRE FILS AYMON, LES, opcTa-
months in Paris, where he improved the comique in three acts, text by de Leuven
flute by adding a second key in 1727 vis- ; 1 and Brunswick, music by Balfe, first reprc-
ited London, where Italian opera was flour- sented at the Opc-ra Comique, Paris, July
ishine: under Handel and returned to
; 15, 1844. Four wanderers return to their
Dresden and entered the royal orchestra father's castle, and find themselves beggars
again in 1728. His playing in Berlin in- instead of heirs. Near the Chateau Aymon
spired the crown prince to learn the flute, dwells the Baron de Beaumanoir, who wishes
and twice a year he had to visit Berlin, un- to marry his daughter Hennine to the wealth-
til his pupil succeeded to the throne and iest of his neighbours, and places his three
became Frederick the Great, when in nieces in a convent to obtain their patri-
1741 he was appointed chamber musician mony. An old seneschal, Ivon, invents tlio
and court composer, with a yearly salary story that the eldest Aymon, Olivier, is
of 2,000 Thalers, extra payment for everywealthy and eccentric, assuming poverty,
But Hermine refuses to marry before her
composition, and 100 ducats for evei-y flute
he should make. Until his death he re- cousins. This difficulty is overcome, for
!
mained in high favour with Frederick the the three cousins accept the brothers of
,
Great, and was eminent as a virtuoso and Olivier. The text and music are trivial and
teacher. 300 concertos and 200 the opera was not as successful as Le innls
Works :
other pieces for one and two flutes, trios, d'amoui', which it followed. It was given
and quartets, most of them preserved in at the Princess's Theatre, London, as The
Potsdam. He published 6 flute sonatas Castle of Aymon, or the Four Brothers,
with bass, G flute duets, and Neue Kii'cheu- Nov. 20, 1844.— Athena}um (1844), 1074;
melodien, or music to 22 of Gellert's odes ;
Clement et Larousse, 500.
a few songs ; Versuch einer
a serenade ; QUE CES MURS COQUETS. See Am-
Anweisung die Fl()te traversiere zu spielen bassadiice.
(1752), a fluto method that was translated QUEEN CAROLINE'S TE DEU:M, by
^ a \
Handel,
xlanilcl, written
^
of
on
Queen
ffCrÛ^yO^^lA^ O^yUX^M^s
'
(J
U^^&L/iîA/^^
O
into French and Dutch
Q/ a
Application pour performed in King Henry VH.'s Chapil,
;
^ Caroline,' one of hia
bestfriencIs, and first
la flllte traversiere a deux clefs. —

Mendel Westminster Abbey, at Hor ^Majesty's inter-
Schilling ;Riemann Fetis do., SuppK'- ment, Dec. 17, 1737. This work was com-
; ;
ment, ii. 377 A. Quantz, Leben und Werke posed three weeks after the Queen's death.
;
des Fl.">tisten J. J. Quantz (Berlin, 1877) The text was probably selected by Handel.
;
Wintcrfeld, Kirchengesang, iii. 4G7 Reiss- The first chorus is based on the CJerman
;
mann, Illustr. Gesch. der Mus., 400. choral, "Herr Jesu Christ, du li.ichstoa
QUARENGHI, GUGLIEOIO, born at Gut," known in Saxony as the Funeral
Casalmaggioro, Oct. 22, 182C, died in Mil- Hymn, "Wenn niein Stiindlein vorliandon
an, Feb. 4, 1882. Violoncellist, pupil at ist,"used also by IMozart as tlio cantus
finnus
movement in his Jtrquirv). Tlio
the Conservatorio, Milan, where ho became of the first
professor of double-bass in 1851. He was original autograph, inBuckingham Palace,

appointed maestro di cappella of the cathe- is dated Londnn, December 12, 17:57. It
dral there in 1870. Works San contains a Vorspiel, ten cliorusc's, and two
: II dl di
this the finest
Michele, opera, Milan, 1863 Several masses; quartets. Burucy consiilcred
;
;; ;
QUEEN
of all of Handel's works. Part of this Fu- travelled through North Germany in 1844 ;
neral Anthem was sung at the Handel Coni- he returned to Halle, and was employed at
meuioration, June 3, 1784. First pub- the Institute for the Blind in 184G 47, Ka- ;
lished by Arnold (London) Chrysander's pellmeister at the Stadttheater in Cologne,

;
edition for the Htindelgesellschaft, piano- then at Basel and Ziirich. In 1848 he be-
forte score by Im. Faisst, published by came music director and organist at Lenz-
Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 18G1).— Chry- burg, which position he resigned in 1875
sander, Handel, ii. 43G Hawkins, v. 416 on account of ill-health. Some of his op-
;
Burney, iv. 419 Kockstro, Handel, 20G.

;
eras were given at Beruburg he left many ;
QUEEN OF 8HEBA. See KiynUjin von instrumental and vocal compositions in

Saba ; Jxeine de Saba. manuscript.
QUESTA O QUELLA. See Bigoletto. RABUTEAU, VICTOR ALFRED PEL-
QUI LA VOCE. See Puritani. LETIER-, born in Paris, June 7, 1843, still
QUINTO FABIO, Italian opera in three living, 1890. Pianist and violinist, pujîl, at
acts, by Cherubini, first represented in Ales- the Conservatoire, of Bazin in harmony and
sandria, Piedmont, in the autumn of 1780. of Ambroise Thomas in fugue and compo-
This was the composer's first opera, and it sition won in 1865 the first prize for har- ;
was rewritten and given in Rome in Jan- mony, and in 18G8 the grand prix de Rome.
uary, 1783. The subject is Quintus Fabius Works Le passage de la mer rouge, ora- :
Maximus, the Roman hero of the Punic torio, 1874 ; Suite symphonique. —Fetis,
wars. Other Italian operas of this title, by Sujiplement, ii. 384.
Dimitri Bartnansky, text by Metastasio, RACHEL! QUAND DU SEIGNEUR.
Modena, Dec. 2G, 1778 by Bertoni, Padua, ;
See La Juivc
1778 by Marinelli, Pome and Naples, 1791
;
RADAINIISTO, Italian opera in three acts,
and by Puccini, about 1800.— Fetis, ii. 783. by Nicholas Haym, after an episode in
text
QU'OI C'EST VOUS QU'ELLE PPfi-
! the "Annals" of Tacitus (xii., cny). 51),
FEliE ! See Ijsifausse magie. music by Handel, first rej)resented at the
King's Theatre, London, April 27, 1720.
The original score, in Buckingham Palace,
RABBONI, GIUSEPPE, born at Cre- is unsigned and undated. This opera was
mona, Italy, with extraordinary enthusiasm.
July IG, 1800, died at received
Varenna, Lake Como, June 10, 185G. Burney calls it " solid, ingenious, and full
Virtuoso on the flute, pupil at the Milan of fire," and Handel considered the aria
Conservatorio (1808-17), of Buccinelli, " Ombra cara," sung by Radamisto, one of
whom he succeeded in 1827 as professor. his best solos. The bass aria for Tiridate,
He was also first flutist at the Teatro "Alzo al volo," is acccompanied by two
della and made numerous concert horns, then new instruments in a London
Scala,
tours, mostly in company with the clarinet- orchestra. Characters represented: Rada-
ist Ernesto Cavallini. His compositions misto, son of Farasmene (S.) Zenobia, ;
for the flute number about sixty-seven his wife (A.) Farasmene, King of Thrace ;
works, and were highly esteemed by the (B.) Tiridate, King of Armenia (B.) Polis- ; ;
Italian virtuosi on that instrument. —

Fetis, sena, his wife, daughter of Farasmene (S.)
Supplement, ii. 382. Tigrane, Prince of Pontus (S.) and Fraate, ;
BABE, CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB, born brother of Tiridate (S.). In the following

at Halle, Oct. 18, 1815, died, Feb. 27, 1876. November, 1720, when the score was re-
Instrumental and vocal composer, pujiil of vised, the part of Radamisto was changed
Tiirk. In 1839 he was Kapellmeister to to contralto for Senesino Tiridate was ;
Count Hahn, who, with his opera troupe, made a bass and the character of Fraate ;
;
RADECKE
was omitted. The elaborate aria, "Sposa '
ing, 1890. Brother of the preceding, pupil
sung by Polissena, originally writ-
ingi-ata," of Mosewius and Baumgart at the Academi-
ten for one of Handel's early cantatas, cal Institute for Church Music, in Breslau
"Castri amori," was altered for Faustina in (1851-53), then of Rietz, Hauptmann, and
1728, when work was revived. It was
the ]\Ioscheles at the Conservatorium, Leipsic
j
;
first given in Hamburg, as Zcnobia, in 1721. settled in Berlin in 1859, was professor at
The score was first published by Richard
Stern's Conservatorium in 1864-71, con-
Meares, at Handel's order (London, 1720). ductor of the Ciicilien-Verein in 1864-68,
The only other edition is that revised by then founded a singing society, named af-
Chrysander, and published for the Hiindel- ter him, and in 1869 a musical in.stitute, of
gesellschaft,by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leip- which he is director. Works Symphony :
;
sic, Other Italian operas on this

1875). Overtures; Trios; Duos; Choruses and
subject Zenobia e Radamisto, by Giovanni
: songs. — ]\Iendel ; Riemann.
Legrenzi, text by Matteo Noris, Ferrara, RADICATI, FELICE ALESSANDRO,
1G65 same text, music by Chelleri, Venice,
; born at Turin in 1778, died, April 14, 1.S23.
1722; by Nicolo Piccinni, Naples, 1776 and ; Violinist, pupil of Pugnani ; made a tour
Radamisto e Zenobia, by Pietro Raimondi, through Lombardy in 1816 and was in Vi-
Naples, 1817. See Zenobia. —
Rockstro, enna two years later. He married the
Handel, 130 Marshall, Handel, G8 Bar- singer Teresa Bertinotti. His death was
; ;
ney, iv. 259 Hawkins, v. 295. ; the result of injuries received in being
RADECKE, ROBERT, born at Ditt- thrown from a carriage. Works Ricciar- :
mannsdorf, Silesia, Oct. 31, 1830, still liv- do Cuor di Leone, opera, Bologna (Quin- ;
ing, 1890. Pianist, organist, and violinist, tets, quartets, and trios for strings ; Duos
pupil at Breslau of Ernst Kohler on the pi- for violins ; Themes varic's for violin, and
anoforte and organ, of Liistner on the vio- orchestra, or quartet ; Italian ariettas, with
lin, and of Brosig in composition ; then, at pianoforte. — F«'tis.
the Leipsic Conservatorium, of Moscheles RiVDOUX, JEAN THEODORE, born at

and Hauptmann. In 1850 ho became first Liege, Nov. 9, 1835, still living, 1S90. Dra-
violinist in the Gewandhaus orchestra, in matic comjôser, son of and first instructed
1852 second director of the Singakademie by an artisan, then pupil, at the Conserva-
with Ferdinand David, and in 1853 musi- toire, of Bacha on the bassoon. On his
cal director of the Stadttheater of Leipsic. master's death, in 1856, he obtained his
After serving a year in the army he settled place by competition, also won the first
in Berlin, gave chamber concerts, played prize for pianoforte studied counterpoint ;
second violin in Laub's quartet, and in and fugue under Daussoigne-Mehul, whose
1858-63 established choral and orchestral favourite pupil he became. In 1857 a Te
concerts with great success. He was ap- Deum by him was performed at the Li«'go
pointed musical director of the royal opera Cathedral, and in 1859 he took the Brussels
in 1863 with Taubert and Dorn, and in grand prix de Rome for his cantata Le juif
1871 was made royal Kapellmeister for life. errant. He then studied in Paris luidrr
Works Konig Johann, overture for orches- Halevy, and from that time became a pro-
:
tra Am Strande, do. Die Munkguter, lific composer. In 1872 he became director
; ;
Liederspiel Symphony, and other music of the Liege Conservatoire. Officer of the
;
for orchestra About 100 songs Vocal Order of Leopold, 1877. Works Le B/ar-
; ; :
duets, trios, and quartets. — Mendel ; Ric- nais, opera-comique, Lit'ge, 18(»(), Brussels
niann ; Futis. (remodelled) ; La coupe enclianti'e, do.,
ILVDECKE, RUDOLF, born at Ditt- Brussels, 1872 ; Cain, oratorio, Lirge, 1877
raannsdorf, Silesia, Sept. 6, 1829, still liv- La fille de Jephte, cantata for soli, cliorus,
178
:;
RADZIWILL
aud orchestra Le printemps, chorus for
;
organized an orchestra, which was among
female voices, with orchestra Le festin de ;
the most popular in the city. He then
Balthazar, tableau symphonique, Liege, acted as Kapellmeister at several theatres,
18G1 Te Deum (ordered by the govern-
;
in 1837 at Breslau, then at Troppau, and in
ment), Sainte-Gudule, Brussels, 18C3 £po- 1843 at Marburg and at Pettau, where he
;
pee nationale, ouverture symphonique, ib., settled, teaching music after 1845. Works :
1863 Several other national hymns and Solemn mass 2 Requiems Salutaris hostia
; ; ;
symphonies, executed at Liege and Brus- Tantum ergo, and other church music
sels on state occasions Sacred pieces for Songs. Wurzbach.
; —
one or several voices, with and without RAFAEL, FRANZ, born in Briinn in
chorus, and organ accompaniment chor- 181G, died in Gratz, April 19, 18G7.
; Dra-
uses for male voices Melodies for voice matic composer, son and pupil of the fol-
;
and pianoforte Romances sans paroles for lowing, was for a number of years Kajêll-
;
pianoforte, etc. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. meister of the theatre at Gratz. Works
385 Mendel, Erganz., 372
; Gregoir, ii. Wittekiud, opera, Gratz, 18G1
;
Heinrich ;
87 Yiotta.
; der Finkler, do., Olmiitz, 1860; Die Spinn-
R.UDZn^TLL, Prince ANTON HEIN- stube, operetta, Gratz, 1864 Burschen- ;
RICH, born at Wilna, June 13, 1775, died schwiinke, do. Wurzbach. —
in Berlin, April 8, 1833. Amateur violon- RAFF, (JOSEPH) JOACHBI, born at
cellist and vocal composer. Married to Lachen, on the Lake
the Princess Luise, sister of the distin- of Zurich, May 27,
guished amateur Prince Louis Ferdinand 1822, died in Berlin,
of Prussia, he was known in Berlin not only June 26, 1882. Ho
as an ardent admirer of good music but as began his education
a singer of much
and ability and a taste at Wiesenstetten, in
liberal patron, was to him that Beet-
and it Wiirtemberg, then
hoven dedicated the Namensfeier Ouvertiire entered the Jesuit
in C, op. 115. He was best known by his Lyceumat Schwyz,
music to Goethe's " Faust," which was where he won first
repeatedly performed during several years prizes in German, Latin, and mathematics.
in Berlin, Dantzic, Hanover, Leipsic, Poverty compelling him to stop his musical
Prague, and other places. Ho was one of studies, he turned school-master, but con-
the patrons of Frederic Chopin, whom he tinued the study of music without a teacher,
placed in one of the best colleges of War- making much progi'css on the pianoforte
saw. Works Romances for voice aud
: and violin, and in composition. Li 1843
pianoforte Songs with guitar and violon-
; he sent some MS. compositions to Mendels-
cello Duets with pianoforte Many part-
; ; sohn, who gave him an introduction to
"
songs composed for Zelter's " Liedertafel Breitkopf & Hiirtel, which led to the pub-
(MS.). — F«'tis ; Sowifiski ; Mendel. lication of several of his works. From that
RAFAEL, FRANTISeIv IvAREL (Franz time to his death Raflf continued to com-
Carl), born at Bohemia, in pose and publish almost unceasingly. His
Senftenberg,
1795, died at Pettau, Styria, Nov. 14, 18fi4.poverty continued for some time unabated ;
Bass singer and double-bass player, pupil but he succeeded in interesting Liszt, who
at the Conservatorium in Prague on the invited him to join him on a concert tour.
double-bass, which he afterwards played in Meeting Mendelssohn at Cologne, in 1846,
tlio theatre orchestra at Briinn, but aban- he was invited to go to Leipsic to study
doned to become a dramatic singer. When under him, and accordingly severed his
his voice began to fail he taught music, and connection with Liszt for that purpose ;
174
''
RAFF
but Mendelssohn's death frustrated this under of writing rapidly, to satisfy eager
plan, and Raff was fain to stay in Cologne, publishers, made him careless of self-criti-
where he supported himself for a time, cism.
In fact, his poverty was the great
partly by musical criticism. Liszt again bane of his talent, as it was of his life. Of
tried to help him, and through his instru- over two hundred opus-numbers that he
mentality Raff was just about to enter into gave to the world, by far the greater pro-
remunerative relations with Mechetti, the portion were mere pot-boilers, salon pieces
Vienna publisher, when the latter also died. of questionable value, and few even of his
Raff returned to his studies, pursuing them greater works are wholly free from a cer-
partly at home, and partly at Stuttgart, tain tawdriness of stylo. Yet, for the later
where he had the good luck to fall in with half of his life, he was assuredly one of the
von Billow, who helped his reiûtation not a most prominent musical figures in Ger-
little by playing his Conzertstiick in public. many, and one of the leaders of musical
In 1850 he went to Weimar to be con- opinion. His best known works are also
stantly near Liszt. Here he remodelled an his best ones. Among them ai-e the second
opera, "KOnig Alfred," which had been symphony, in C, op. 140, third symphony
given at Stuttgart, and brought it out with Im Walde, fifth symphony Lenore, the con-
flattering success. He also became en- certos for pianoforte, oj). 185, for violin, op.
gaged to Doris Genast, the actress (daugh- 206, and for violoncello, op. 193, the suites
ter of manager Genast), whom he followed for orchestra, op. 101 and o-p. 191, and a
to Wiesbaden in 1856, and finally married great deal of chamber music. Works :
in 1859. In Wiesbaden he Avas for a long I. For Voices and Orchestra " Wachet :
while in great request as pianoforte teacher. auf " (text by Geibel) for men's voices and
In 1863, his first symphony, An das Vater- orchestra, op. 80 Deutschland's Aufersteh-
;
land, got the prize offered by the Gesell- ung, festival cantata for the 50th anniver-
schaft der Musikfreunde of Vienna. In sary of the Battle of Leipsic, for do., op.
1870 his opera. Dame Kobold, was pro- 100 De profundis (Psalm CXXX.) for 8
;
duced at Weimar. In 1877 he was aj)- voices and orchestra, op. Ill Im Kahn ;
pointed director of Hoch's Conservato- and Der Tanz, 2 songs for mixed chorus
rium at Frankfort. If not a great genius. and orch., oi). 171 Morgenlied, for do., op. ;
Raff certainly was a man of prodigious 186 A. Einer Eutschlafeneu, for soprano
;
talent. He was a hard student, and suc- solo, chorus, and orch., op. 186 b. Die ;
ceeded in attaining a mastery over the most Jiigerbraut and Die Hirtin, 2 scenes for a
intricate technical details of composition solo voice and orch., op. 199 Die 2\iijcs- ;
such as very few of his contemporaries zeiten, 4 movements for pianoforte, chorus,
could boast of. Although his larger works and orch., op. 209 Weltende, Gericht, neue ;
abound in passages in which quite excep- Welt, oratorio to words from the Apoca-
tional difficulties have been conquered, he lypse 4 Antiphons of the Virgin, 5-8 voc,
;
always seems to write with consummate Kyrie and Gloria, voc. a cappclhi, Pattr
ease. His fertility of melodic invention noster and Ave Maria, 8 voc, without opus
was immense, and he rarely, if ever, re- number, and in MS. 2 choruses, Die ;
peated himself. In elaboration and perfec- Sterne and DornrOschen, do., do.
tion of workmanship, he compares favorably II. Dramatic Koniij Alfred, opera, AVei-
:
with the best writers of his day. His be- mar, 1850 Dame Kobold, comic opera, op.
;
setting fault is a certain lack of nobility of 154, ib., 1870; Die EifersUchtigeu, do.,
inspiration, and real depth of feeling. The not performed Die Parole, do., not \^v-
;
extraordinary facility with which he wrote, formed Benedetto ^larcello, lyric opera,
;
and the almost constant necessity ho was not performed Samson, grand opera, not ;
176
;
PwAFF
l>erformed Music to Genast's Bernhard

; VI. For Violin with Orchestra La fete :
von Weimar, Weimar, 1858. d'Amour, op. 67 Concerto No. 1, in B mi- ;
TTT. Songs About 85 songs for a voice

: nor, op. 161 Suite, op. 180 Concerto No.
; ;
with pianoforte op. 47-53, GG, 98 (Sanges- : 2, in A minor, oj). 206.

fruhling, 30 songs), 172 (Maria Stuart, "VTI. For Violoncello with Orchestra :
Cyclus of 11 songs), 173, 191, 211 (Blondiu Concerto No. 1, in D minor, op. 193 do. ;
de Nesle, cyclus), and two without oiûs No. 2, in G (MS.), no opus number.
number 12 duets with do., op. 114 6
; ; Vlli. Chamber Music Octet for strings, :
songs for 3 female voices with do., op. 184 ;

in C, op. 176 Sextet for do., op. 178
;
30 four-part songs for male voices, oj?. 97, Quintet for jnanoforte and strings, in A mi-
122, 195 10 do. for mixed voices, op.
; nor, op. 107 10 String quartets No. 1, in
; :
198. D minor, op. 77 No. 2, in A, op. 90 No. ; ;
IV. For Orchestra: 11 symphonies No. : 1, 3, in E minor, op. 136 No. 4, in A minor, ;
An das Vaterland, op. 96

No. 2, in C, op. ; op. 137 No. 5, in G, op. 138 Nos. 6, Suite
; ;
140 No. 3, Ini Waldc, in F, op. 153 ; No.

; iilterer Form, 7, Die schOne Miillerin, 8,
4, in G minor, op. 167 ; No. 5, Lenore, in Suite in Canon-Form, op. 192 Nos. 9, in G, ;
E, op. 177 No. 6, Gelebt, gcstrebt gelit-

;
— 10, in C minor, op. 202. Four trios for pi-
teu, gestritten —gestorben, umworbeu, in D anoforte and strings No. 1, op. 102 No. :
;
minor, op. 189 ; No. 7, In den Alpen, in B- 2, in G, op. 112 No. 3, op. 155 No. 4, in
; ;
flat, op. 201

No. 8, Fruhlingaklanfje, in A,
; D, op. 158. Five sonatas for pianoforte
op. 205 No. 9, hn Sommer, in E minor,
; and violin No. 1, in E minor, op. 73 No.
:
;
op. 208 No. 10, Zur Herbstzeit, in F mi-

; 2, in A, op. 78 No. 3, in D, op. 128 No.
; ;
nor, op. 213 No. 11, Der Winter, in A mi-

; 4, in G minor, op. 129 No. 5, in C minor, ;
nor (posthumous, edited by Erdmanns- op. 145 Suite for do., op. 210
; Other ;
dOrfer), op. 214 Sinfonietta for 10 wind ; pieces for do., op. 58, 63, 203 one duo in ;
instruments, op. 188. Four suites No. 1, in MS. Duo in A : for pianoforte and violon-
C, op. 101 No. 2, In ungarisclier Weise, in F, cello, op. 59 2
; ; Fantasiestiicke for do., op.
op. 194 No. 3, Italilinische S., in E minor, 80 2 Romances
; ; for horn or violoncello, op.
without opus number No. 4, Thiiringer S., 182 Sonata for ; ; pianoforte and violoncello,
in B-flat (MS.), op. 204. Nine overtures : op. 183.
Juheluuvertilre, op. 103 IX. For Pianoforte 2 Sonatas No. 1,
; Festouvertiire, in A, : ;
op. 117
Conzertouvertiire in F, op. 123
; with fugue, in E-flat minor, op. 14 Fan- ; ;
Festouvertiire for wind instruments for the tasie-Sonate in minor, oj). 168 3 sona- D ;
50th anniversary of the Deutsche Burschen- tillas, op. 99 7 suites op. 69 in C, op. ; : ;
schaft at Jena, op. 124 Overture on Ein' 71 in E minor, op. 72 in D, op. 91 in G

; ; ; ;
feste Burg, op. 127 do. to Shakespeare's minor, op. 162 in G, op. 163 in B-flat, op.
; ; ;
Bomeo and Juliet (MS.), no opus number 204 (from the orchestral suite) about 125 ; ;
do. to Othello (MS.), id. do. to Macbeth opus numbers of other pianoforte music in
;
(MS.), id. ; do. to The Tempest (MS.), id. various forms. Two Humoresken for pi-
Festmarscb, op. 139;
Abends, rhapsody, op. 163
u.; Elegy (MS.), no opus
number Fugue (MS., un-
;
finished), id. ^
V. For Pianoforte with
Orchestra : Ode au printemps, op. 76 ; Con- anoforte 4 hands, in D, op. 159, Todtentanz,
certo in C minor, op. 185 ; Suite in E-flat, op. 181 Other 4-hand music, op. 82, 160,
;
op. 200. 174 Chaconne in A minor for 2 piano-

;
176
/
RAFFAEL
fortes, op.150 Pbantasie in G minor for
; to London. Works: Les aventures de
do., 207 A.; The same arranged for pi-
op. Tc'k'maque, symphon}', Amsterdam, 1777 ;
anoforte and strings, op. 207 b. Raff also La muette, opt-ra-bouffe, Paris, 1791 3 con- ;
made a masterly orchestral arrangement of certos for violin ; 6 quartets for strings ; 3
Bach's D minor chaconne, and wrote the trios for do. — Fc-tis ; Mendel.
pamphlet Die Wagnerfrage (1854). Grove — ; RAIMONDI, PIETRO, born in Rome,
Mendel Eiemann.
; Dec. 20,
died there, Oct. 30, 1853. 1786,
R.iFFAEL (Raphael), HYNEK
VACLAV Dramatic and church composer, and dis-
(Iguaz Wenzel), born at Miinchengratz, Bo- tinguished contrapuntist pupil at the Cou- ;
hemia, Oct. IG, 1762, died in Vienna, Feb. servatorio della Pieta de' Turchini, Naples,
23, 1799. Dramatic and church composer, of La Barbara and Tritto for six years, but
studied music in Prague, and first attracted was then forced to leave because the rehitivo
attention in 1784 as a tenor singer and or- who had supported him refused to do so
ganist. Kapellmeister of a theatre in Pesth any longer. After many wanderings he
several years, he settled afterwards in Vi- was called to Florence in 1810, to Naples in
enna, where he obtained a government 1811, and in the following twenty-five years
position. Works Das Veilchenfest, ballet, wrote operas and ballets for Naples, Sicily,
:
Vienna, 1795 Pygmalion, do. Virginia, Rome, and Milan. He was director in 1824
; ;
melodrama Pater noster, with orchestra -32 of the music in the Royal Theatres at
; ;
Te Deum, do. Canons with organ Songs Naples, and in 1832 became professor of
; ;
and pianoforte music. Dlabacz —

Fetis composition at the Palermo Couservatorio,
; ;
Wurzbach. where, during eighteen years he educated

RAGUE, LOUIS CHARLES, French some remarkable pupils, among others
amateur harp player, lived in Paris in Chiaramonti. He was called to Rome in
1775-92, then in the neighborhood of Mou- 1850 to succeed Bassilj as maestro di ca2>-
lins. Works Memnon, opera, Comedie pella at St. Peter's. His operas would prob-
:
Italienne, 1784 L'amour filial, do., ib., ably have been more successful but for
;
1786 Concerto for harp and orchestra 3 Rossini, who was then dwarfing all others.
; ;
symphonies for orchestra Quartets, and His church compositions and oratorios
;
trios for harp and strings Duos, sonatas, placed him in the front rank. Among his
;
etc., for harp. —

Fetis Mendel. ; more remarkable works are three oratorios,
RAIK, DIEUDONNE, born at Liege, Potifera, Faraone, and lacob, designed to
1702, died at Antwerp, Nov. 30, 1764. Or- be performed either separately or in combi-
ganist, entered the choral school at Antwerp nation as one work, under the name of lo-
as a boy, became a priest in 1726, went as sef. When given at the Teatro Argen-
organist to Louvain in 1727, to Ghent in tino, Aug. 7, 1852, the success of the single
1742, and finally was recalled to Antwerp, oratorios was moderate, but when united,
where he became vicar and choir directoi*. the three orchestras and three troupes
He published six suites, and three sonatas forming an ensemble of 400 musicians, the
for pianoforte other compositions remain enthusiasm knew no bounds. Works Ope-
;
—
in manuscript at Ghent, Louvain, and Ant- ras Le bizzarrie d' nmorc, Genoa, 1807 II
: ;
—
werp. Mendel. battuto contento, ib., 1808 Ero c Loandro, ;
RAIMONDI, IGNAZIO, born in Naples ib., 1809; Eloisa Werner. Florenco. 1810;
in 1733, died in 1802. Violinist, pupil of L' oracolo di Delfi, Naples, 1811 II faiialico ;
Barbella, settled at Amsterdam about 1811 Lo sposo agitato, ib.,

1762, deluso, ib., ;
and established there regular concerts, which 1812 Amurat Socondo, Rome, 1813 La ; ;
he conducted until about 1780 he then lavandaia, Naples, 1S14 II ventaglio. ib..
;
;
seems to have gone to Paris, and afterwards 1831, and all over Italy and 45 other ;
177
;:
EAINPKUHTER
operas ; 20 ballets, Naples, 1812-1828 ; 7 Marche de Rakoczy for the pianoforte, edi-
oratorios ; 4 masses with full orchestra ; 2 Rakoczy-
tion populaire (Kistner, Leipsic) ;
do., with full chorus acappella ; Mass for 8 Marsch, symphonic arrangement for full or-
and 16 voices Credo for 16 voices The chestra, also for the pianoforte for four and
; ;
whole Book of Psalms alia Palestrina for i, for eight hands (Schuberth, Leipsic) and ;
5, 6, 7, and 16 voices ; Many Te Deum ;

Rakoczy-Marsch for the pianoforte, Rhap-
Stabats ; INIisereres, Tantum ergo, etc. ; 2 sodie hongroise. No. XV. There are various
books of 90 partimenti, each on a separate arrangements by other composers. Engel, —
bass, with 3 dilTerent accompaniments Col- ; the Study of National Music, 192 Apthorp, ;
lection of figured basses with fugued ac- Berlioz, 52.

companiments as a school of accompani- RA:\IANN, BRUNO, born at Erfurt in
ment Several collections of fugues for 4-8
; 1830, still living, 1890. Instrumental and
voices, etc. —
Cicconetti, Memorio intorno vocal composer, pujDil of Brendel, Riedel,
Pietro Raimondi (Rome, 1807) Fetis and Hauptmann lives and teaches at Dres-
; ;
Grove Mendel Riemann.

; den.
; Works Lob der Frauen, for male :
RAINPRUHTER, JOHANN
NEPO- voices and pianoforte Ein Tanz-Poem, for ;
MUK FRANZ SERAFIN, born in Bavaria, jiianoforte four hands Three songs for ;
May 17, 1752, died at Salzburg, April, 1812. mixed chorus Album fiirstlicher Minne- ;
Violinist and church composer, first in- siinger und Lieder Pianoforte pieces, etc. ;
structed by his father, a musician at Alten- RAMEAU, JEAN PHILIPPE, born at

utting, Bavaria then pupil of Leoiwld ; Dijon, France, Sept.
Mozart at Salzburg, where he became choir 25, 1083, died in
director in the monastery of St. Peter about Paris, Sept. 12, 1764.
1773. Works 3 solemn masses Other : Dramatic composer,
;
masses, vespers, offertories, litanies, etc. ;

son of an organist at
Symphonies Concertos for various instru-
; the Dijon cathedral.
ments Quartets, trios, duos, serenades,
—"Wurzbach.
; He was intended for
etc. the magistracy, but
RAKOCZY INDULO, the most cele- he so neglected his
brated of Hungarian tunes. It shares its studies at the Jesuit
name with a number of older Hungarian College for music that his parents were
marches, dating from the beginning of the asked to take him away. He was already
18th century, when the Transylvanian an accomplished clavecinist, for at the age
l^rince, R:ik(jczy Ferencz, made an unsuc- of seven he could play quite difficult mu-
cessful attempt to resist thepower of Aus- sic at sight. He soon mastered also the or-
tria. It is thought that he composed this gan and violin, and in 1701 made a short
march, the performance of which on public visit to Italy, but soon joined a theatrical
occasions has been jDrohibited by the Aus- comi:)any, with whom he travelled through
trian government. The tune, which is stir- South France as first violinist. In 1706 he
ring, is much loved by the Austriaus. Ber- was living at Paris as organist to the Jesuit
lioz introduced it into the Damnation de convent in the rue Saint- Jacques, and of
Faust, writing it the night before he left the chapel of the Peres de la Merci. It is
Vienna for Prague, during his first visit to not known how long he stayed in Paris,
Austria. Berlioz's arrangement has been nor where he lived up to the time of his
adapted for the pianoforte for two hands, second visit in 1717. In this year he failed
by Ed. Wolff, published by Bote & Bock to get the post of organist at the church of
(Berlin) ; and for four hands, by Julius Saint-Paul, and went to Lille, where he was
Benedict Ai-rangements, by Liszt
(ib.). organist at Saint-Etienne for a while, going
178
RAMEAU
thence to Clermont in Auvergne, where he succeeded in having a five-act grand opera,
succeeded his brother, Chiude, as organist at Hippolyte et Aricie, brought out at the
the cathedral. In the quiet of this secluded AcadOmie de Musique, which made more
mountain town, Rameau gave himself up to stir than anything that had appeared since
the study of the writings of Descartes, Mer- Lully's day, and became the subject of con-
senne, Kircher, and Zarlino, and gradually siderable controversy. It was followed by
drew up his famous " Treatise on Harmony a long list of other operas and ballets,
reduced to its natural princiijles," a truly written either for the Academic de Musique,
epoch-making work. Ramcau's system of or for the court. He was certainly the
harmony Avas based upon the equal division greatest French composer since Lully, and
of the monochord, and was the lirst attempt did much toward expanding the form of
ever made to reduce the theory of harmony French opera which Lully had established.
For many genera- He introduced new forms, a more careful
to scientific principles.
tions it was the basis of
all theoretic writ- and varied treatment of the orcliesti*a, richer
ings on the subject in France, Germany, harmony, and more frecpient modulation.
and Italy, and although it has now been He was an unequal writer, but would prob-
sujierseded by other sounder systems, Ra- ably have been less so had he not persist-
meau's theory of the inversion of chords ently refused to recognize the fact that he
has held good to the present day. This wrote best when thoroughly inspired by
was, indeed, his one really important dis- his subject. Unlike Lully, who threw the
covery. As soon as he had completed his whole weight of his genius upon truth of
work, which he did in four years, he was dramatic expression, and was always care-
anxious to go again to Paris, but the long ful to secure the best possible libretti, Ra-
engagement which he had signed with the meau had a theory that it mattered little to
Clermont chapter had still several years to a composer what he set to music, and was
run, and his only means of obtaining a re- correspondingly careless in his choice of
lease was persistently to scorch the ears of opera-texts.Still, when at his best, ho
the congregation by such outrageous freaks wrote music the beauties of which can
of improvisation on the organ, that the hardly be dimmed by time, and he has
chapter had to let him go in self-defence. always been esteemed the greatest tiguro
When he arrived in Paris he had his " Traitc in the history of French opera between
d'harmonie " published by Ballard (1722). Lully and Gluck. Works — I. Operas : Sam-
The work did not attract much notice at son (not performed, written 1732) ; Hippo-
first, and Rameau had to give music lessons lyte et Aricie, tragedie-opera, Pai'is, Aca-
for a living^ In this way he soon became demic Royale de Musique, Oct. 1, 1733 ;
fashionable, notably with ladies of rank he Les Indes galantes, opera-ballet, ib., Aug.
;
also got the post of organist at the church of 23, 1735 Castor et Pollux, tragedie-lyrique,
;
the Saiute-Croix de la Bretonnerie. On Feb. ib., Oct. 24, 1737 Les fetes d'Hebe, ou les
;
25, 1726, he married Marie-Louise Mangot, talents lyriques, opera-ballet, ib., May 21,
a good singer, then only eighteen years old. 1739 Dardanus, tragedie-opi'ra, ib., Nov.
;
By this time his " Traitc d'harmonie " had 19, 1739 La princesse de Navarre, comedic-
;
excited considerable notice, as had also the heroique, Versailles, Feb. 23, 1745 Lc8 ;
music he wrote to several little pieces of fetes de Pulhymnie, oprra-ballet. Paris,

Alexis Piron for the Theatre de la Foire, Academic Royale de ]\Iusi(pie, Oct. 12, 1715 ;
and some cantatas and clavecin works he Le temple de la glorie, do., Vcrsaillea, Nov.
had published. But in spite of his growing 27, and Paris, Acad«'mie Royale de Musicjuo,
reputation both as theorist, organist, and Dec. 7, 1745 Les fi'tes dllymen et do
;
composer, it was not until 1733 that he lAmour, ou les dieux d'Kgyptc, ballot-
no
;; "
;
IIAMEAU
heroique, Versailles, March 15, 1747, and sique (ib.) Three concertos for the clavecin, ;
Paris,Academic Royale de Musique, Nov. 5, violin, and bass viol, published by Leclerc
1748 Zais, opera-ballet, ib., Feb. 29, 1748 (Paris, 1741 also in London) and pieces
; ; ;
Pygmalion (act from Laroche's opera Le for the organ in MS. Some of his harpsi-
triomphe des arts, reset by Kameau), ib., chord music has been published in the
Aug. 27, 1748 Platee, ou Junon jalouse, "Tresor des pianistes " in Pauer's "Alto
; ;
Klaviermusik " in Pauer's " Alte Meister

;
comcdie-ballet, 1749 Nais,

ib., Feb. 4, ;
;
opera-ballet, ib., April 22, 1749 Zoroo.stre ; and in "Lesperlesmusicales." IV. Church
(tlie music of Samson remodelled on a new music Motets with choruses In couver-: :
libretto), tragedie-lyrique, ib., Nov, 5, 1749 tendo quam dilecta and Deus noster re-
; ;
Acauthe et Cephise, ou la sympatliie, pas- fugium (in MS.) Motet, Laboravi for five ;
toral-heroique, ib., Nov. 19, 1751 La guir- voices and organ (in Le traite de I'harmo-
;
lande, ou les fleurs encbantees, opc'ra-ballet, nie, vol. iii.). V, Theoretical works Traite :
ib.. Sept, 21, 1751 ; La naissauce d'Osiris, de I'harmouie reduite a ses principes natu-
ou la fete de famille, do., Versailles, 1751, rels (three books), (Paris, 1722 3d book ;
and Paris, Academic Royale de Musique, translated into English, London, 1737 3d ;
1754 Dapbnis et Egle, do., Versailles,

; English ed., ib., 1752) Nouveau Systeme de ;
1753 Lycis et Delie, do., ib., 1753 Z'ephire,

; ; musique theorique, etc. (Paris, 1726) Dis- ;
opera, Paris, Academic Royale de Musique, sertation sur les differentes methodes d'ac-
1754 Nelee et Myrtis (not performed,
; compagnement pour le clavecin ou pour
written about 1755) ; lo, opera-ballet (id., I'orgue (ib., 1732 2d ed., 1742) Lettre
; ;
about 1756) Le retour d'Astree, prologue,

; au P. Castel au sujet de quelques nouvelles
Paris, Academic Royale de Musique, 1757 ;
reflexions sur la musique (in Memoires de
Anacreon, ballet-heroique, ib.. May 31, Trevoux, July, 1736) Generation harmo- ;
1757 ;Les surprises de I'amour, opera-bal- nique, etc. (Paris, 1737) Demonstration du ;
let, ib., May 31, 1757 Les Si/barites, opera, ; principe de I'harmonie, servant de base a
ib., July 12, 1757 Les Paladins, oiêra- ; tout I'art musical (1752) Reflexions de M. ;
ballet, ib., Feb. 12, 1760 Le procureur ; Rameau sur la maniere de former la voix,
dupe, opera-comique (not performed, written d'apprendre la musique, et sur nos facultes
about 1760) ; Linus, tragedie-lyrique (id., pour les arts d'exercice (Mercure de Franco,
about 1760) ; Abaris, ou les Boreades, do, 1752) Extrait d'une reponse de M. Rameau
;
(id., about 1762) ; Roland (left unfinished, u M. Euler sur I'identite des octaves, d'oii
1764). Also divertissements for L'enrule- resultent des verites d'autant plus curieuses
meut d'Arlequin, Paris,
1726 and for the fol- ; qu'elles n'ont pas encore ete soupyonnees
lowing Inlays by PironL'Eudriague, Paris, :
(1753) ; Observations sur uotreijistinct pour
1723 Les courses du
; Tempe, ib., 1734 ;
la musique et sur son principe (1754) ;
La rose, ib., March 5,

1744 Le faux pro- ; Erreurs sur musique dans I'Eucycloiiedie
la
digue, ib., 1744, U, Cantatas Thetis :
(1755) Suite des erreurs sur la musique
;
L'impatience La musette Aquilon et

; ; dans I'Encyclopedie (1756) Reponse de M. ;
Orithie Le berger fidele L'enlevement

; ; Rameau a MM. les editeurs de I'Encyclo-
d'Orithie ; Orphee et les amans ti*ahis ;
pedie sur leur dernier avertissement (1757)
Medee ; L'absence. m. Instrumental : Lettre de M. d'Alembert a M. Rameau, con-
Premier livre de piiices de clavecin (Paris, cernant le corps sonore, avec la reponse de
1706) ; Deuxieme livre
1721) Trois- M. Rameau (1758)
(ib,, Prospectus du code de
; ;
ieme livre, pieces de clavecin avec uue table musique (1759) Code de musique pra- ;
pour agremens (ib., 1736) Nouvelles tique, etc. (1760)

les Origine des sciences ; ;
suitesde pieces de clavecin avec des re- suivie d'une controverse sur le meme sujet
marques sur les dififerens genres de mu- (1761) Lettre aux philosophes, concernant ;
180
; ;;
KANDEGGEU
le corps sonore et la sympathie des tons singing at the RoyalAcademy of Music, and
(M^moires de Trevoux, 1762) Traite de la ; subsequently director of that institution and
composition des canons en member of the com-
musique Verites iuteres- (HjO(/tt^0e
;
*^
M^ mittee of manage-
santes peu connues jusqu'a ment. In 1857 he
nos jours Des avantages que la musique
; conducted a series
doit retirer des nouvelles decouvertes (un- of Italian operas at
finished). —
Duchager, Reflexions sur divers St. James's Theatre,
ouvrages de M. Rameau (Rennes, 17G1) and in 1879-85 the
Rameau aux Cbamps-Elysces (Amsterdam, Carl Rosa company.
1764) Ordre clironiquc des deuils de cour He was also, in 1880,
;
jiour I'annee 1704 Palissot, Necrologe des conductor of the

;
hommes celebres pour I'anuee 1765 (Mercure Norwich Festival, and has conducted oth-
de France, 1765, vol. i.) Maret, Eloge liis- er festivals. Works La fidanzata di Castel-
;
:
torique de Rameau (Paris, 1766) Jean- lamare, ballet, Trieste, about 1850 La ;
;
"
Fran yois, poem entitled " La Rameide sposa di Appenzello, do., ib. II lazzarone, ;
(Paris, 1760), parodie "La nouvelle Ra- opera bufi'a (with Rota, Zelman, and Beyer),
meide;" Gautier Dagoby, Galerie franyaise ib., 1852 Bianca Capello, opera, Brescia, ;
(1771) ; des arts (Paris, 1776)

Croix, Ami
1854 The Rival Beauties, comic opera, ;
Apotheose de Rameau, scenes lyriques, text Leeds, 1864 Medea, dramatic scena, Leii> ;
by M. music by M.
. (Dijon, sic, 1869
. Saffo, do., London, 1875
. . Fri- ; ;
1783) Rameau, ballet-allegorique in one dolin, cantata, Birmingham Festival, 1873

;
;
act, by M. Lefebvre, for the centenary of Psalm CL, Boston Festival, 1872 Funeral ;
Rameau's birth, Paris, 1784 ; Maunce Bour- anthem in memory of the Prince Consort
ges, Gaz. mus. de Paris (1839), 201, 205, Scena, text from Byron's "Prayer of Na-
228, 230 ; Adolphe Adam, Rameau (Paris, ture," for tenor and orchestra, 1887 ; Many
1864) ; Charles Poisot, Notice sur Rameau songs, and concerted vocal music with or-
(ib., 1864) Th. Nisard, Monographic de chestra or pianoforte. Fetis, Suppk'ment,
; —
Jean Philippe Rameau (ib., 1867) Deliber- ii. 394 Grove Riemann. ; ; ;
ation du couseil municipal de Dijon sur la RANDHARTINGER, BENEDICT, born

proposition d'eriger une statue a Rameau, at Ruprechtshofen, Nether Austria, July 27,
rapport presente par M. Muteau (Dijon, 1802, still living, 1890. At the age of ten
1876) H. Grique, Rameau, sa vie, ses ouv- he became a choir-boy in the court chapel
;
rages (Dijon, 1876) Arthur Pougin, Ra- of Vienna, studied later under Saliori, ami
;
meau, Essai sur sa vie et ses ceuvres (Paris, was very intimate with Schubert. After
1876) Diderot, Le neveu de Rameau (many studying law, he was for seven years pri-
;
editions) ; Fetis ; Mendel ; Grove ; Rie- vate secretary to Count Szechenyi, a court
mann. official then he became tenor singer of the
;
RANDEGGER, ALBERTO, born at court chapel in 1832, Vize-Kapelhueistor in

Trieste, April 13, 1832, still living, 1890. 1844, and Hof-Kapellmeister on the death
Dramatic composer, and professor of sing- of Assmayer in 1862. He was pensioned
ing, pupil of Lafont on the pianoforte, and in 1866, and decorated with the Franz Jo-
of Luigi Ricci in composition. He was seph Order. He travelled much during his
musical director at Fiume, Zara, Sinigaglia, vacations. Works Kimig : Enzio, opera ;
20
Brescia, and Venice, and about 1854 left masses 2 Recpiiems 60 motets 42 gradu-
; ; ;
Italy for Pari.s, then went to London, where als and olVertories 20 sacred arias with liar-
;
he has since resided as a successful vocal monium and vii^lonci'llo 2 symplionies ; ;
teacher. He became in 1868 professor of Quintet for strings ; 2 (piartets fur do.
181
;
RANZ
Trio for pianoforte and strings inarches Sammlung von Schweizer Kuhreihen und
;
and variations for pianoforte (4 hands) 400 Volksliedern (1818) J. R. Wyss, Texte zu
; ;
songs 10 three-part and 7G four-part songs der Sammlung von Schweizer Kiihreihen
;
4 books of Greek popular songs Greek und Volksliedern (Berne, 1826)

; Huber, ;
ritual songs, and much other music. Of Recueil de Ranz des vaches (1830) Tobler, ;
liis works, numbering more than GOO, only Ai:)penzellischer Sprachschatz (1837) Grove, ;
—
about 124 have been published. Wurz- iii. 75 Harmonicon (1824), 37, 58 Allgem. ; ;
bach Schilling Mendel Fotis.

; ; ;mus. Zeitg., xxx. 599.
RANZ DES VACHES (Kuhreihen, Kuh- RAOUL DE COUCY. See Coucy.
reigen, in the Appenzell patois Chiiereiha), RAOUL DE CREQUI, comedie-lyrique
a strain blown upon the Aljiine horn to call in three acts, text by Monvel, music by
the cows to pasture. The word Ranz, Dalayrac, first represented at the Italiens,
which has been derived from various roots, Paris, Oct. 31, 1789. It was first given in
means the procession, or march of the cows. Berlin, Nov. 19, 1804 in Vienna in 1805. ;
There are numerous Ranz des vaches, vari- A ballet was arranged to the music by Vi-
riously played in the diflfereut cantons of gano, Berlin, 1797. Italian operas on this
Switzerland, and jjossessing great charm subject Raoul di Crequi, by Simon Mayr, :
when heard in the Alpine valleys. The text by Romanelli, Milan, Dec. 26, 1809 ;
most celebrated is that of Appenzell, a copy by Francesco Morlacchi, Dresden, April,

of which is supposed to have been sent to 1811 by Valentino Flora van ti, Naples, ;
Queen Anne of England, who was especially 1811 and by Francesco Altavilla, Turin, ;
fond of the Swiss melody. The Ranz des about 1848.

vaches is used with great effect by Rossini RAOUX, LOUIS ALEXIS, born at Cour-
in his overture to Guillaume Tell, and also trai, Sept. 11, 1814, died at Evere-les-Bru-
by Gretry in the overture to his opera of xelles, Nov. 15, 1855. Dramatic comiôser,
the same title. It has also been arranged pupil of J. H. Mees' music academy at Brus-
by Weigl, Webbe, and by Adam in his " Ml'- sels became in 1827 instructor at the royal
;
thode de Piano du Conservatoire." It was school of music, and in 1831 founded a

first printed in Georg Rhaw's "Bicinia" free music school. In 1833 he became
(Wittenberg, 1545), The Ranz des vaches professor at the Conservatoire, in 1835
has been arranged by Meyerbeer, for one opened an academy of music, and in 1839
and two voices, with French and German founded a conservatoire for classic and
text (Schlesinger, Berlin, 1828). One version sacred music. Works Les deux pre- :
in Rousseau's " Dictionnaire de Musique," cepteurs, opera-comique Le mariage a ;
arranged for four voices by Laborde, is I'anglaise, do. Choruses to Athalie Sym- ; ;
printed in his ''

musique." jjhonies, overtures, masses, motets, an ora-
Essai sur la
Ranz des vaches, me-lodie by Ferdinand torio, cantatas, etc. Fetis, Supplement, ii. —
Huber, with variations by Liszt, dedicated 395.
to Adolphe Pictet. — Dissertation on Nostal- RAPIMENTO DI CEFALO, IL (The
gia in Zwinger's "Fasciculus Dissertationum Rape of Cephalus), Italian opera in five acts,
Medicarum " (Basel,
1710) Cappeller, Pi- with prologue entitled La poesia, text by
;
latiMontis Historia (1757) Stolberg, Reise Chiabera, music by Caccini, first represented
;
im Deutschland der Schweiz (1798) Ebel, at the Pitti Palace, Florence, Oct. 9, 1597.
;
Schilderung der GebirgsvOlker der Schweiz It was composed by order of the Grand
(1798) Sigmund von Wagner, Acht Schwei- Duke of Tuscany for the marriage festivi-
;
zer Kuhreihen (1805) Castelnau, Conside- ties of Maria de' Medici and Henri IV. of
;
rations sur la Nostalgic (1800) Edward France. The choruses were written by
;
Jones, Musical Curiosities (1811) Tarenne, Stefano Venturi del Nibbio, Piero Strozzi,
;
182
KAPPOLDl
and Luca Bati. It was represented after- belong to the style of the Neapolitan villa-
'
wards in a theatre in Florence, and was nelle, and the arias resemble those of
Peri
published in 1605. Same subject, II ratto and Caccini. Published by Alexander
I
Gui-
di Cefalo, Italian opera, text by Bemi, mu- dotti (Bologna, 1600).— Ambros,
iv. 275.
sic by Andrea Mattioli, given in Fen-ara, RA80UM0WSKY QU.ARTETS, three
1651, when new machinery invented by quartets for two violins, viola, and
violon-
—
Carlo Pasetti was used. Fctis, ii. 140 Am- cello in F, E minor, and C, by
;
Beethoven,
bros, iv. 272. op. 59, dedicated to Count Rasoumowsky,
RAPPOLDI, EDUARD, born in Vienna, probably first played at the Count's house
Feb. 21, 1839, still in Vienna by his quartet— Schujipanzigh,
living, 1890. Vir- first violin Count Ra.soumowsky, second
;
tuoso on the violin, violin ; Weiss, viola and Lineke, violon-

;
pupil of Jansa, Hell- cello. The original MS. of the first quartet,
mesberger, and in the possession of Paul Mendelssohn, ia
Buhm, and in com- dated "Quartette angefangen, 26 May, 1807."
position of Sechter These three quartets were finished and
and Hiller. He was played before Feb. 27, 1807. Mendelssohn
a member of the considered the quartet in F, op. 59, and that
opera orchestra in in F minor, op. 95, the most Beethovenish
Vienna, in 1854-61, concertmeester in Rot- of all his works. The finale of the quartet
terdam in 1861-66, Kapellmeister in Lii- in F has a Russian theme in D minor for
beck, and Prague in 1866-70.
Stettin, its chief subject. No. 1, in F : I. .\llegro ;
Then he became instructor at the royal n. Allegretto vivace e sempre scherzando ;
school of music in Berlin, where he was a in. Adagio molto e mesto IV. Finale, ;
colleague of Joachim's and a member of his Allegro. No. 2, in E minor I. Allegi-o II. : ;
quartet, and in 1876 was aj^jDointed royal Molto adagio HI. Allegro IV. Presto.
; ;
professor. In 1877 he became Conzert- No. 3, in C L Introduzione, Andante con

:
meister at the Opera and professor at the moto n. Andante con moto quasi alle-
;
Conservatorium in Dresden. In 1874 he gretto ni. Minuetto grazioso IV. Finale,

; ;
married the pianist Laura Xahrer. Though Allegro molto. Published by Andru (Oflen-
a virtuoso of the first rank, he prefers artis- bach) by Heckel (Manheim) by Lanuer
; ;
tic intei-pretation to dispLi}-. Works Sym-

: (Paris) by Peters (Leipsic) by Breitkopf
; ;
phonies, quartets, sonatas, and songs with & Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie vi., Nos.
pianoforte accompaniment. — Mendel ; Rie- 7, 8, 9. —
Lenz, Beethoven, ii., part i. 14-48 ;
mann ; Mus. Wochenblatt, ix. 480. Marx, Beethoven, ii. 84-52 Thayer, Ver- ;
RAPPRESENTAZIONE DELL' ANIMA zeichniss. No. 127 Grove, iii. 77 Nohl,; ;
E DEL CORPO, LA (Representation of Beethoven, ii. 243, 495 AUgcm. mus. ;
the Soul and the Body), Italian musical Zeitg., ix. 400.
drama, text by Lauro Guidiccioni, of the RASTRELLI, JOSEF, born in Dresden,
house of Lucchesiui, music by Cavalieri, first April 13, 1799, died there, Nov. 14, 1842.
represented in the oratory of Santa Maria Dramatic and cluuch composer, sou of the
in Vallicella, Rome, in February, 1600. It following pupil of Poland on the violin, of ;
is one of the first works in which the in- the organist Feidler in liarmony, and at
strumental bass (basso continuo) difters Bologna, whither ho accompanied his fatlier
from the vocal bass. It is evident that the in 1814, pupil of Mattci in countt'r])oiut.
composer felt the need of modulation, but In 1817 he returned to Dresden, and en-
his harmonies are crude and in false rela- tered the royal orchestra as violinist, vis-
tion. The choruses are rhythmical, and ited Italy again in 1824, was appointed in
lisi
; ;;
RASTRELLI
1829 second Kapellmeister of the court of Vincenzo Ugolini in Rome, where he was
opera in Dresden, and in 1830 Hof-Kapell- afterwards maestro di cappella in the Ro-
meister. —
Works Operas La distruzione man seminaiy and the German college.
:
di Gerusalemme, Aucoua, 1816 ; La scliiava Later he occupied the same position in the
circassa, Dresden, 1817 ; Le donue curiose, church at Loreto. Works Madrigali a
:
opera buffa, ib., 1821 Velleda, ib.; Amina,

;
cinque voci, 1st book (Venice, 1615) do., ;
Milan, 1824 Salvator Eosa, Dresden, 1832 ;

;
2d book (ib., 1616) Mottecta, 1st book
;
Berthe de Bretagne, ib., 1835. Der Raub (Rome, 1617) do., 2d book (ib., 1619)
;
Zc'tulbeus, ballet Music to Macbeth Sev-

; ;
Motetti a 1-6 voci (Venice, 1620) ; Litanic
eral masses ; Vespers Miserere
; ; Salve Ee- della Beata Vergino a 5-12 voci (ib., 1626)
gina, etc. — Fotis Mendel.
; Sacra3 modulationes, seu Graduali et Offei'-
RASTRELLI, ^TXCENZO, born at Fano toi-ii 1-12 vocum (ib., 1628); Cantica Salo-
in 17G0, died in Dresden, March 20, 1839. monis 1-5 vocibus concinenda, etc. (ib.,
Church composer, pupil of Mattel in Bo- 1632).—Fetis.
logna, having already been a successful in- RATZENBERGER, THEODOR, born at
structor of singing in his native city, whither Grossbreitenbach, Thuriugia, April 14,
he returned in 178G to become maestro di 1840, still living, 1890. Pianist, pupil of
cappella of the cathedral. Shortly after- Liszt, and in theory of Peter Cornelius.
wards he entered the service of the Elector He played with great success in concerts at
of Saxony as composer of the court chapel, Geneva, Berne, Zurich, and other cities of
and remained in this position until 1802, Switzerland, and in 1859 at Sondershauseu,
when he went to ^Moscow. About the end where he was made court pianist in 1863 in ;
of 1806 he visited Raly, and was soon re- Switzerland, Belgium, and Paris, settled at
called to Dresden, but resigned in 1814 to Lausanne in 1864, at Wiii'zburg in 1866,
make another journey to Italy. After his and at Diisseldorf in 1868. Works 2 con- :
return to Dresden, he taught singing, and certos for pianoforte Oi'chestral works ; ;
in 1824 was reinstated in his post as court Pianoforte pieces and songs.
composer, and pensioned in 1831. Works RALT3 DER SABINERINNEN, DER, :
Tobias, oratorio 10 masses ; 3 vespers (The Rape of the Sabiues), dramatic cantata
; ;
Canzonette, arias, duos, etc. —

Fetis Men- for chorus, soli, and orchestra, text by
;
del. Arthur Fitger, music by Georg VierHng,

RATAPLAN. See Fille du regiment; op. 50. Published by Leuckart (Leipsic,
Huguenots. 1877). Operas on the same subject in Ral-
RATHGEBER, V.VLENTIN, composer, ian II ratto delle Sabine, by Draghi, text :
born at Ober-Elsbach, Bavaria, about 1G90, by IMinato, Vienna, 1674, on the birthday of
died after 1744. He was a Benedictine Leopold I. by Pietro Simoue Agostini, ;
monk at Bantheln in Franconia, and a most text by Bussani, Venice, 1680, Bologna,
industrious composer. Works Masses 1689 by Zingarelli, text by Rossi, Venice,
:
; ;
Vespers Offertories
; Litanies Psalms 1800 and by F. Palmieri, text by Alfano,
; ; ;
Hymns Chelis sonora (1728), containing Naples, Dec. 4, 1878 Le Sabine, by Lauro
; ;
concertos and symphonies concertantes for Rossi, text by Peruzzini, Milan, Feb. 21,
different instruments Mnsikalischer Zeit- 1852 and Le Sabine in Roma, ballet by
; ;
vertreib auf dem Klavier (1743) Songs and Peter Lichtenthal, text by Vigano, Milan,
;
—
other pieces. Walther Gerber Schilling ;Dec. 26, 1820. L'enlevement des Sabines,
; ;
Mendel Ft-tis.
; in French, by Francois Devienne, text by
RATTI, LAURENTIUS, born in Perugia, Picard, Paris, Oct. 31, 1792 Der Raub der ;
second half of the 16th century, died at Sabinerinnen, in German, by von Zaytz,
Loreto in 1630. Church composer, pupil text by Betty Young, Aug. 4, 1870 and ;
184
: ;
RAUCIIEXECKER
by Josef Platzer, Munich, Nov. 187G and He made his dc'but in 1765 sang in Vi-
; ;
El robo de las Sabinas, by F. Barbicri, Mad- enna in 1707, and next in Munich, where
rid, Feb. 17, 1879.— Signale (1877), 99. four of his operas
EAUCHENECKER, GEO EG (WIL- were represented. '
'
HELM), born March 8, 1844, In 1774 he made

in Munich,
still living, 1890. Instrumental and vocal his first appearance
composer, pupil of Theodor Lachner on at the King's The-
the pianoforte and organ, of Baumgartner atre, London, where
and of Josef Walter on the he remained until
in counterpoint,
violin.In 18G0-G2 he was violinist at the 1787 as a singing
Grand Theatre in Lyons, until 1868 maitre teacher, number-
de chapelle at Aix and Carpentras, then ing amonghis pu-
director of the Conservatoire at Avignon, l)ils Miss Storace,
and since 1873 music director at Winter- Braham, Miss Poolo, and Incledon. In
thur. "Works Le Florentin, opera Ni-
:
; 1787 he settled at Bath, as a teacher and
klaus von der Fliie, cantata (prize), music fes- concert giver. He entertained there Haydn,
tival, Zurich, 1874 Symphony 3 quartets
; ; who wi'ote a 4-part canon or round to his
for strings, etc. Riemann.— dog Turk. Works Operas Piramo e— :
RAULT, FP^LIX, born at Bordeaux in Tisbe, Munich, 1769 L' ali d' amore, ib.,
;
1736, died in Paris after 1800. Flute 1770 L' eroe cinese, ib., 1770 Astarte, ib.,
; ;
player, pupil of Blavel in Paris, where he 1772 ;La regina di Golconda, London,
entered the orchestra of the Opera in 1753 ;
1775 Armida, ib., 1778 Creusa in Delfi,
; ;
Member in 1768-92 of the King's private ib., 1782 La vestale, ib., 1787. String
;
orchestra. During the reign of terror he quartets Sonatas for pianoforte

; Italian ;
lost his pension from the Opera, granted arias and duets, and English songs ;
in 1776, and on the close of the orchestra Requiem, produced at Haymarket Theatre
of the Theatre de la Cite, where he played, in 1801. —
Grove Fetis Hogarth, Mem. of
; ;
became destitute. Works 2 concertos for : Mus. Drama, ii. 174; Buruey, Hist., iv. 51
flute and orchestra Trios for flutes and Schilling Gerber
; Mendel Harmonicon ; ; ;
bassoon Do. for flute and strings 6 duos (1832), 147.

; ;
concertants Sonatas for flute and bass

; RAVAL, SEBASTIANO, Spanish contra-
;
—
Duos, recueils d'airs, etc., for flutes. Fe- puntist of the end of the 16th and begin-
tis ; Mendel. ning of the 17th century. After occupying
'RAUS MIT DEM NASS. See Stradella. various positions, he became maestro di
RAUZZINI, MATTEO, born in Rome in cappella to the viceroy of Sicily in the ca-
1754, died in Duljlin in 1791. Dramatic thedral at Palermo. Works II primo libro :
singer and composer, bi'other of the follow- di canzonette, etc. (Venice, 1593) ; Libro de'
ing, whomhe joined at Munich in 1770, Motetti a 3-8 voci, etc. (Palermo, KJOl) ;
and accompanied to England in 1774 ;

Madrigali a 5 voci (Venice, 1585). — I'V-tis ;
shortly after he was engaged at the theatre iMcndel.

in Dublin, and settled there to teach sing- RAVENSCROFT, JOHN, English com-
ing. Works Le finte gemelle, opera bulla,
: poser of the close of the 17th century, died
Munich, 1772 ; II about 1745. Ho was one of the Waits of
re pastore, Dublin, 1784.
— Fetis. the Tower Hamlets and violinist at Good-
RAUZZINI, VENANZIO, born in Rome man's Fields Theatre. He publislied a col-
in 1747, died at Bath, England, April 8, lection of hornpipes, two of which are given
1810. Dramatic composer, pupil in com- in Hawkins's History, and a set of sonatas
position of a cantor of the Pontifical Chapel. by him in three parts (two violins and vio-
EAYENSCPvOFT
lone or arch-lute) were printed in Rome in num Tecum
; principum ; Juravit Dominus.
1695. — Fc-tis ; Mendel.
EA^^NSCROFT, THOMAS, born in RAYMOND, EDUARD, born at Breslau,
England, about 15S2, died in London about Sept. 27, 1812, still living, 1890. Violinist,
1635. He was a chorister of St. Paul's un- pupil of Karl Luge, with whom he j^layed
der Edward Pearce, and was graduated in in public at the age of fourteen. In 1834-
1607 as Mus. Bac. at Cambridge. Works 38 he was a member of the theatre orches- :
Pamnielia Eouudelayes and de- tra in his native city, in 1839 became con-
, . .
lightful Catches of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ductor of the Laetitia Society, and in 1844

Parts in one (London, 1609 2d ed., 1618), of the Sonntags - Gesellschaf t.
; Works :
the earliest collection of rounds and catches Three operas (MS.) 2 symphonies 2 over- ; ;
published in Britain Deuteromelia, a col- tures Nocturne for strings, flute, clarinet,
; ;
lection of roundelays and catches (ib., bassoon, and horn Grande polonaise, for ;
1609) Melismata, Musical Phansies

; violin, with orchestra or pianoforte Grande . . ;
to 3, 4, and 5 voyces (ib., 1614) The Whole fantaisie, for do. Pieces for violin and pi-
; ;
Booke of Psalmes comjôsed into 4 anoforte. Fetis Mendel.

. . — ;
parts by Sundry Authors (ib., 1621 2d REA, WILLIAM, born in London, March ;
ed., 1633). Four of his anthems (MS.) 25, 1827, still Hving, 1890. Organist, pu-
are preserved at Christ Church, Oxford. pil on the pianoforte and organ of Josiah
— Grove. Pittman, whose deputy he was for several
EA^TN'A, JEAN HENPJ, born at Bor- years appointed in 1843 organist to Christ ;
deaux, May 20, 1818, still living, 1890. Pi- Church, Watney Street. He studied for a
anist, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of time under Sterndale Bennett, in 1849 in
Laurent and Zimmerman ; won the second Leipsic under Moscheles and Richter, and
l^rize in 1832, the Prague under Dreyschock. On his re-
first in 1834, and ap- in
pointed assistant instructor in the same turn to England in 1853 he gave concerts,
year studied composition under Eeicha and became organist to the Harmonic
;
and Lebonie. Having obtained the first Union. In 1856 he founded the London
prize for harmony he resigned his Polyhymnian choir, in 1858 became organ-
in 1835,
position in February, 1837, to aj)pear in ist of St. Michael's, Stockwell, and in 1800
public as a vii-tuoso. He travelled in Russia to the corporation of Newcastle-on-Tyne.
in 1858, and in Spain in 1871. Legion of In 1880 he became organist of St. Hilda's,
Honour, 1861. "Works Concerto for pi- South Shields. Works Organ and piano-
: :
anoforte and orchestra Morceau de con- forte music ; Anthems Songs. Grove ; ; — ;
cert, for do. Etudes de concert Etudes Riemann.

; ;
caracteristiques Rondeaux, fantaisies, etc.

; READ, DANIEL, born at Rehoboth,
— Fc-tis, Supplement, ii. 395. Massachusetts, Nov. 2, 1757, died in New
RAYITS (Ravets), ANTOIXE
GUH.- Haven, Connecticut, Dec. 4, 1836. He was
LAUME, born at Louvain, in 1758, died at of American parentage (son of Daniel and
Antwerp, in 1827. Church composer, pupil Mary Read), and was a comb-maker by
of Mathias Van den Gheyn. He was organist trade. One of the earliest of American
at St. James' Church in his native city, after- psalmodists, his music is full of vigour, and
wards at the Augustine Church in Antwerp. several of his tunes, especially Sherburne,
Works : Many motets and organ preludes Winter, Windham, Lisbon, and Russia, are
with orchestra Quis sicut Dominus
;
still sung. In 1778 he removed to near ;
Requiem with orchestra De iî-ofundis for Stratford, Conn., and thence to New Haven.
;
2 voices, organ, and orchestra Jesu Corona Works The American Singing Book (New ; :
virginum Confiteantur
; Verbum super- Haven, 1785) The American Musical Maga-
; ;
186
;;
REALM
zine (ib., 178C) ; The by Ferdinand Hiller, op. 182, first performed
Child's Instructor in
Vocal Music (ib., before 1793) Columbian
under Hiller's direction, June
; in Stuttgart,
Harmonist (No. 1, ib., 1793 No. 2, ib., 19, 1878. Full, and pianoforte score pub-
;
1794 No. 3, ib., 1795

; 2d ed., with sup- lished by Alt .t Uhrig (Cologne, 1878).
;
plement of 21 pages by Joel Read, Dedliam, REBEL, FRANCOIS, born in Paris, June
Mass., 1804 3d ed., sujiplement of 32 pages 19, 1701, died there, Nov. 7, 1775.
; Violin-
—
by Daniel Read, ib., 180G enlarged, Bos- ist, son and pupil of Jean Ferr)' liebel
ton, 1807 4th ed., Boston, 1810)
; New joined the orchestra of the Opt'ra at the age
;
Haven Collection (New Haven, 1818). His of thirteen, became intimate with Franyois
brother Joel (born, 1753) wrote music and Francceur, and conjointly with him com-
published, besides the above supplement, posed ten operas. Both were chefs d'or-
The New England Selection, or Plain Psal- chestre at the Opi'ra in 1733-44, later in-
modist (1809). Another brother, William spectors, and in 1753-57 directors there,
(born, 1764), also wrote music, and a neph- and then till 1767 impresarios. Louis XV.
ew, Ezra Read (born, 1777), was associated appointed Rebel superintendent of music,
with Daniel in publishing music books. and in 1772 inspector-general of the Opi'ra.
REALM OF FANCY, THE, cantata for Works : Pyrame et Thisbe, given at the
soprano solo, chorus, and orchestra, music Opera, 1726 Tharsis et Zelie, ib.,
Paris, ;
by John Knowles Paine, op. 36, set to 1728 Scanderbeg, ib., 1735 Le ballet de
; ;
Keats's poem of this title, written for and la paix, ib., 1738 Les Augustales, prologue,
;
first performed by the Boylston Club, Bos- ib., 1744 Zeliudor et Ismene, ib., 1745
; ;
ton, in 1882. —
Ui^ton, Standard Cantatas, Les genies tutclaires, ib., 1751 Le prince ;
288. de Noisy, ib., 1760 Te Deum De pro-

; ;
REAY, SAMUEL, born at Hexham, fundis, Concert Spirituel. Fotis IMendel — ;
Northumberland, England, March 17, 1826, Riemann.

still living, 1890. Organist, pupil of his REBEL, JEAN FERRY, l)orn in Paris
father (organist of Hexham Church) ; chor- in 16()9, died there in 1747. Violinist,
ister in Durham Cathedral, where he stud- entered the Opc'ra orchestra in 1699, became
ied under Rev. P. Penson, and later under accompanist and in 1707 chef d'orchestre.
James Stimpson. In 1843 ho became or- Cliambcr composer to the King and one of
ganist of St. Andrew's, Newcastle in 1847 his 24 violins. His opera, Ulysse, given in
;
of St. Peter's, Tiverton in 1854 of St. 1703, had little success, but a pas-seul, Le
;
John's, Hampstead in 1856 of St. Saviour's, caprice, written for a then celebrated dan-
;
Paddington in 1859 of St. Peter's College, seuse, remained a favourite ballet piece for
;
Radley, and in 1864 of church at New- years. He composed violin solos for other
ark-on-Trent. Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1871. ballets, duo sonatas for violin, and a book
Works Morning and evening service in F of trios for two violins, with basso cou-
:
—
;
Anthems and other church music Songs tinuo for harpsichord. ;

Fctis Lajartc, ;
and part-songs. Biblio. mus. de TOpc'ra, i. 1661 Riemann ; ;
REBEKAH, English oratorio, text by Schilling.

Arthur Mathison, music by Joseph Barnby, REBELLO, JOiO SOABES (or Lau-
first performed at St. James's Hall, London, reu(;o), born at Caminha, Portugal, in 1609,
May 11, 1870. It contains but two scenes died at San Amaro, near Lisbon, Nov. 16, :
the meeting of Abraham's servant and Re- 1()61. Church composer, entered tlic ser-
bekah at the well, and the meeting of Isaac vice of the house of Braganza at the ago of
and his bride. —Athenaeum (1870), i. 685. and was the teacher of King Joilo
fifteen,
REBEKKA, biblical idyl, for soli, cliorus, IV. Contemporary writers exalt him as
and orchestra, text from the Bible, nui.sic one of the greatest Portuguese composera
1S7
;
REBER
Of his numerous works only a book of Schneider. He was appointed in 1839 or- j
psalms for 16 voices, Magnificats, lamenta- ganist of the French church at Magdeburg, I
tions, and Misereres with continuo, were in 1847 instructor at

published (Rome, 1G57). Masses and other the seminary, in 1853
music are in manuscript at Lisbon. FOtis —
choirmaster at the ;
Vasconcellos. cathedral and vocal

EEBER, NAPOLEON HENRI, bora at teacher at the gym-
Miihlhausen, Alsace, nasium, and in 185G
Oct. 21, 1807, died in court music directoi*.
Paris, Nov. 2i, 1880. Since 1858
he has
Dramatic composerj been organist of St.
pupil of Reicha and Le- John's church. In
sueur at the Paris 184G he established the Kirchengesangve-
where rein. Works
Conservatoire, Psalms for 4-8 voices a :
became professor capella Do. for one voice with organ Mo-
he ; ;
of harmony in 1851, tets Music for organ Do. for pianoforte ; ; ;
and of composition in Sonata for violoncello Choruses Songs. ; ;
1802, succeeding Ha- Mendel Riemann. — ;
levy. In 1853 he was elected member of RECHENBERG, ERNST, born at Frie-

the Academic, and in 1871 ai^poiuted in- dersdorf-am-Queiss, Silesia, Oct. 12, 1800,
spector of the branch schools of the Con- died (?). Church and instrumental com-
servatoire. He distinguished himself in poser, pupil in Berlin at the royal institute
instrumental composition, in the spirit of for church music, and of B. Ivlein in com-
the German classics. Works — Operas : La position. He devoted himself to teaching,
nuit de Noel, given at the Opera Comique, and settled in Berlin as professor of music.
181:8 Lepere Gaillard, ib., 1852
;
Les pap- Carl Eckert is one of his pupils. Works
; :
illotes dc M. IJenoist, ib., 1853 Les dames Gott ist unser Heil, Psalm for voices, or-
;
capitaincs, ib., 1857 Lo menetrier ii la chestra and organ Allgomeines Choralbuch

;
;
cour, comic ojDcra, and Na'on, grand opera, with preludes and conclusions, selected
not given. 4 symphonies Overture for from the works of old masters Pianoforte
;
;
orchestra ; Suite for do.; lioland, scenes music Sougs. Fetis Mendel. ; — ;
lyri(pics for do., Paris, 1875 ;

Quintet for REDEm^TION HYMN, for contralto
strings ; 8 quartets for do. ;
Quartet for solo, chorus,and orchestra, text from
pianoforte and strings ; 7 trios for do. Isaiah (liii.), music by James C. D. Parker,
Pieces for violin and pianoforte ; Do. for first performed by the Handel and Haydn
pianoforte (2 and 4 hands) Chorus of Society, Boston, May 17, 1877, when the
;
Pirates for three-part male chorus and pi- solo Avas sung by Annie Louise Cary. It
anoforte Le soir, for four-part male chorus has been given by vai'ious musical societies
;
and pianoforte Ave Maria and Agnus Dei, throughout this country. The pianoforte
;
for 2 soprani, tenor, bass, and organ. His score is published by Oliver Ditsou & Co.,
Traite d'harmonie (18G2) counts among Boston. —Ui^ton, Standard Oratorios, 29G.
the best modern theoretical works. — Fetis ;
REDE]MPTION, LA, oratorio or sacred
Mendel Riemann.
; and music by
trilogy in three parts, text
RI':BLING, GUSTAV, bom at Barby, Gounod,
performed at the Birming-first
Magdeburg, July 10, 1821, still living, 1890. ham (England) Festival, Aug. 30, 1882.
Virtuoso on the organ and church com- The solos were sung by Mme Albani, Mme
poser, first instructed by his father, then in Marie Ruze, Mme Patey, ]\Ir. E. Lloyd, Mr.
Dessau, in 183G-30, pupil of Friedrich W. H. Cummiugs, Mr. Santley, IVIi-. F. King,
188
;
REDERN
and Signor Foli. Gounod began this Avork :
cert overture, for do. ; Triumjjhal march to
in 1867, in Rome, where he wrote the the tragedy Kaiser Friedrich IH. for piano-
words, and two fragments of the music forte Torchlight dances, marches, quad- :
;
the "March to Calvary," and "The Pente- rilles, etc.— Fi'tis Mendel. ;
cost." The composer calls it a "lyrical set- REDIN (Redein), JEAN FR.VNCOIS,
ting forth of the three great facts on which born in Antwerp, baptized Nov. 5, 1748,
depends the existence of the Christian died there, Feb. 24, 1802. Violinist, about
Cliurch." Prologue, the Creation ; I. Cal- whose musical education nothing is known.
vary ; II. From the Resurrection to the As- He was first-violin at the Cathedral of Ant-
cension ; m. The Pentecost. Characters werp, and seems to have resided in London
represented: Jesus (Bar.) (S.) and ; Mary ; in 1789. Works : 6 duos for 2 violins ; (5
two Narrators (B. and T.). This oratorio sonatas for do. ; 6 symphonies for 2 A-io-
was first sung in London at Albert Music lins, viola, bass, 2 oboes, and 2 horns ; 6
HaU, Nov. 1, 1882 in Vienna, Nov. 4, ; quartets for strings. — Fetis ; Mendel.
1883 in Paris at the Trocadero, April 3,
; REEVE, WILLIAM, born in London, in
1884 in Rome, in April, 1885 and first in
; ; 1757, died there,
New York by the New York Chorus Society, June 22, 1815. Or-
Dec. 15, 1882 and it was one of the prin-
; ganist, and dramatic
cipal works given at his festivals in various composer, pupil of
cities of the United States in the spring of Richardson, organ-
1884. PubHshed by NoveUo, Ewer & Co. ist of St. James,
(London, 1884) pianoforte arrangement
; Westminster. He
by Berthold Tours German translation by ; was organist at Tot-
J. Weyl. —
Godard, Joseph, Reflections on nes, in Devonshire,
Ch. Gounod's Sacred Trilogy, The Redemp- from 1781 to 1783,
tion (London, 1882) ; Athenaum (1882), ii. when h e became
316, 605 Neue Zeitschr. (1884), 67 Up-
; ; composer at Astley's Theatre, London,
ton, Standard Oratorios, 98; Signalc (1883), and was an actor in several theatres. In
1057. 1791 he was commissioned to finish tlio
REDERN, FRIEDRICH WILHELM, music of a ballet pantomime, Oscar and
Graf VON, born in Berlin, Dec. 9, 1802, Malvina, left unfinished by Shield, and was
died there, Nov. 5, 1883. Amateur com- appointed composer to Covent Garden, and
poser, pupil of Grell in 1859. He studied in 1792 organist of St. Martin's, Ludgate
law, entered the government service in 1823, Hill. Works— Music to plays Oscar and :
was intendant general of the royal opera in Malvina, Tippoo Saib, 1791 Orpheus and ;
1828-42, and after that of the royal court Eurydice, ballet, adapted froniGluck, 1792 ;
music, having also had the supervision The Apparition, British Fortitude, Hercules
of the Domchor and of all the military and Omphale, The Purse, 1794 Merry ;
music. He was also royal Prussian lord SherAvood, 1795 Eamah Droog (with Maz- ;
steward, privy councillor, and chamberlain. zinghi), 1798 The Turnpike Gate (do.). ;
Works Christine, opera, given in Berlin, 1799 The Cabinet (with Braham, Davy,
: ;
1860 Laut ii'mo uuser Lobgesang, cantata, and Moorehead)

; Family Quarrels (with ;
ib., Singakademie, 1858 Liturgy for 4 Braham and Moorehead), 1802 and many
; ;
voices and chorus Musica sacra Agnus others, in all nearly a hundred. CJrovo
; ; — ;
Dei Adoramus
; Veni Sancte Spiritus Fetis Schilling Gerber I\Iondcl.
; ; ; ;
Sanctus Dominus ; Nunc dimittis ; Hymnus REEVES, DAVID WALLLS, born at

angclicus ; Magnificat ; ClniHius factua est ;
Owego,New York, Feb. 14, 1838, still liv-
Overture for orchestra, Berlin, 1820 ; Con- ing, 1890. INIostly self-educated, but stud-
REFORMATION
ied the and cornet under Thomas fourth movement is, in part, based on
violin
Canham, Owego, and harmony under Luther's hymn, " Ein' feste Burg ist unser
Jacob Kochkeller, New York. He was solo Gott," which is combined with a fugue. I.
cornet in Dodworth's Band, New York, Andante. Allegro con fuoco ; II. Allegro
1864-GG, when he succeeded Joseph C. vivace HI. Andante IV. Chorale, Alle- ; ;
Green as director of the American Baud gro vivace, Allegro maestoso. Published
and Orchestra of Providence, Rhode Island, in score and in parts by Novello & Co.
a position he still retains. Ho has been (London) and by Simrock as Symphony ;
also conductor of the Rocky Point Musical No. 5, op. 107, Posthumous works No. 3G.
Festivals, 1875-78, bandmaster of several Breitkopf & Hilrtel, INIendelssohn Werke,
military organizations, and director of the Serie i.. No. 5. — AUgem.
mus. Zeitg., xxxv.
Rhode Island Choral Association. He has 22 ; Athemeum 771
(18G7), Grove, iii.
ii. ;
made six visits to Europe, playing the cor- 93 ; iv. 31 ; Uj^ton, Standard Symphonies,
net in concerts in London, Liverpool, and 185.
other English cities, and in Berlin and REGINA DI CIPRO, LA (The Queen of
Dresden, and has made concert tours in all Cyprus), Italian opera, music by Pacini,
parts of the United States. Works The first represented in Turin in 184G, with
:
Ambassador's Daughter, comic opera, given Frezzolini, Fraschini, and Balzar in the
in Providence, 1879 The Mandarin Zune, cast. Subject, Catarina Cornaro, the fa-
;
do. (MS.) More than 70 military marches mous Queen of Cyprus. It was given in
;
(45 published) Arrangements and trans- Naples, March 10, 1847, and in Trieste in
;
criptions for band and orchestra. 1864. Other operas on the same theme :
RErOR:\IATION SYMPHONY, for or- Catarina Cornaro, by Donizetti, Venice,

chestra, in D, by Mendelssohn, op. 107, first 1844 Katherina Cornaro, by Franz Lach-
;
performed, under the composer's direction, ner, Munich, 1841 and La reine do Chypre, ;
in Berlin, November, 1832. This, his fifth by Haluvy, Paris, 1841. — Allgem. mus.
symphony, was written with a view to per- Zeitg., xlix. 231.
formance at the Tercentenary Festival of REGIS (Do Roi), JEAN, known also as
the Augsburg Protestant Confession (Juno Koninck or De Coninck, one of the cele-
25, 1830), presented in 1530 by Luther and brated Belgian composers of the middle
Melanchthon to the Emperor Charles V., and last half of the 15th century. He was
but, owing to the fierce opposition of the contemporary with Okeghem, Busnois, and
Roman Catholics to the celebration, it was Caron, and, according to Tinctoris's "Pro-
not given. In 1832 it was rehearsed in portionale " (1476), one of the most clever
Paris, but was again deferred, and after musicians of his time. Little else is known
Mendelssohn first conducted it in Berlin, of him from the researches made by de
;
for the benefit of the " Orchestral Widows' Burbure and Pinchai't, it is certain that he
Fund," it was not again given until revived never was a member of the ducal chapel of
at the Crystal Palace, London, Nov. 30, 1867. Burgundy, nor of the Cathedral of Antwerp,
It was first given by the New York Philhar- as so many of the composers of that time
monic in the season of 18G7-G8. The sym- were. Works Credo for 5 voices from his :
phony is constructed in strict form, and illus- mass, Village, in Petrucci's fragments of
trates the conflict between the old and new masses by different celebrated authors
faith. The first movement contains the (1508). In the first book of motets by the
passage used for " Amen "
in the Catholic same collector there are 4 by Regis Ave :
Church of Dresden, known as the " Dres- Maria ; Clangat, plebs, floret ;Salve Sponsa
den Amen," which is employed also by tui genitrix ; Lux solemnis adest. In the
Wagner for a Leitmotif in Parsifal. The 3d vol. of Harmonice Mnsices Odhecaton
REGNARD
(Venice, 1503) is the chanson fran5aise lication Corollarium missarum sacrarum, :
for 4 voices, S'il vous plaisist. Several of etc. (Munich, 1603) etc.— Fc-tis Biog. Gen., ; ;
his masses in MS. are in the Pontifical xli. 844 Dutihttul, Galerie douaisienne ;
Chapel, Rome. Fctis — Mendel Van der Gerber Riemann, 749 Mendel Ergiinz.,
; ; ; ; ;
;
Straeten, vi. 47. 377 Van der Straeten, v. 109-115 Viotta,

; ;
REGNARD (Regnart), FRANgOIS, born iii. 213.

at Douai in the first half of the IGth cen- REGNAVA NEL SnÊNZIO. See Lucia.
tury. Church composer and writer of chan- REICHA, ANTON, born in Prague, Feb.
sons, brother of Jacques Regnard. He was 27, 1770, died in Paris, May 28, 1830. Li-
first attached to the Cathedral of Tournay, strumeutal composer and didactic writer,
and was maitre de chapelle also for a short nephew and pupil of Joseph Reicha, at
time about 1573 afterwards musician to Bonn, where he entered the Elector's or-
;
the Archduke Works Misssc chestra as flutist in 1788, and enjoyed the
Mathias. :
tres, quatuor et quinque voc. (Antwerp, intercourse of young Beethoven, who played
1583) Ciuquante chansons a quatre et cinq the viola in the same orchestra. After the
;
parties convenant tant aux instruments dissolution of the latter in 1794, Reicha
qu'a la voix (Douai, 1375) Poesies de P. settled at Hambui'g, to teach, and there
;
Ronsard et autres poetes mises en musique composed a French opera, which he hoped
a quatre et cinq pai'ties (Paris, 1579 ). —
Fc'- to bring out in Paris, in 1799. This plan
tis Riemann
; Gerber SchilHng Mendel. failed, but he won success as an instrumen-
; ; ;
REGNARD (Regnart), JACQUES, born at tal composer, with two symphonies, played
Douai about 1531, died in Prague in 1600. in the then celebrated concerts of the rue de
Composer, tenor, and Vize-Kapellmeister Clery. In 1802 he went to Vienna, where he
in the imperial chapel at Prague under Maxi- renewed his intimacy with Beethoven, and
milian n. and Rudolph 11. from 1564 to entertained friendly relations with Haydn,
1599. He was educated in the Jesuit Col- Albrechtsberger, and Salieri. He left Vi-
lege of Douai, and began composing early, enna in 1808, at the time of the French in-
as his works were published in 1552, in a col- vasion, and settled in Paris, where he suc-
lection of Magnificats by dififerent authors. ceeded in producing several operas, though
Twenty of his motets are in Joaunelli's without any great success, so that he de-
Thesaurus musicus (1568). He married cided to devote himself thereafter to instru-
Anna Fischer, of Munich, in 1570, and Fe- mental composition. He established a new
tis says he was called about that time to system of teaching composition which drew
Munich by Orlando Lasso to serve in the many pupils, among them Boilly, Jolensi)er-
chapel of Albert, Duke Bienaime, Millaut, Lefebvre, Elwart,
of Bavaria. Works : ger,
Fifteen collections of chansons and masses Pollet, Lecarpentier, and Dancla. In 1818
(1573 to 1593). The last were posthumous, he succeeded Mi'hul as professor of coun-
and were published by his wife. Among
fugue at the Conservatoire.
terpoint and
the first, Fetis specifies Teutsche Lieder mit He married in Paris and was naturalized in
dreyer Stimmen nach Art der Neapolitanen 1829 Legion of Honour, 1831 Member of ; ;
(Munich, 1573) Neue kurzweilige teutsche the Institut, 1835. Works— Operas Obal-
;
:
Lieder mit fiinf Stimmen zu singen und auf di, ou les Franrais en Eg}-pte Argina, regina ;
allerley lustrumenten zu gebrauchen (Nu- diGranata, Vienna Cagliostro, Paris, IHIO ; ;
remberg, 1580) Canzoni italiane a cinque Natalie, ib., 1816 Sapho, ib., 1822 2 sym-
; ; ;
voci, lib. i. et ii. (ib., 1581). Among the phonies overture Diecetto for 5 strings ; ;
collections of masses are IX. Missjc sacnc and 5 wind instruments Octet for 4 strings
:
;
(Frankfort, posthumous, 1602) 2d suite and 4 wind instruments 24 quintets for

;
;
(ib., 1603) and another posthumous pub- flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon 6
;
;
lUl
PwEICIlA
quintets and 24 quartets for strings Quin- Deutschen Vaterland ? " has made his name
;
tet for clai'inet and strings ;

Quartet for widely popular. Mendel. —
pianoforte, flute, violoncello, and bas- REICHARDT, JOHANN FRIEDRICH,
soon ; Do. for 4 flutes ; 6 quartets for flute, born at Konigs-
violiu, viola, and violoncello ; Trio for vio- berg, Prussia,
loncellos ; 6 trios for strings ; 24 do. for Nov. 25, 1752,
horns 6 duos for violins 22 do. for flutes
; ;
;
died at Giebich-
12 sonatas for pianoforte and violin a num- ; enstein, near
ber of sonatas and other pieces for piano- Halle,June 17,
forte. Theoretical works : Etudes ou theo- 1814. Dramatic
ries pour le pianoforte, etc. (1800) ; Traitc composer, puj)il
de melodic, Cours de compo-
etc. (1814) ; of Carl Gottlieb
sition musicalc, etc. (1818) Traite de haute ; Richter on the
composition musicale (1 824-2 G) L'art du ; pianoforte and in
composition, and of Veichtner on the vio-
^^-/.- lin. He studied in 17G9-70 at Konigsberg

University,and in 1771 at Leipsic University ;
compositeur dramatique, ou cours complet then travelled over Germany, and embodied
de composition vocale (1833) Petit traite ;
his observations in a book. On hearing of
d'harmonie pratique. Fetis do.. Supple- — ;
the death of court Kapellmeister Agricola,
ment, ii. 398 Diet, de la Con v., xv. 327 La-
; ; he applied to Frederick the Great for the
rousse, xiii. 873 Wurzbach Riemann
; ; ;
place, and received it in 1776. In 1783 he
Schilling ; Gerber ; Mendel ; do., Erganz., founded the Concerts Spirituels for the
377. performance of novelties with short analy-
REICHA, JOSEPH, born in Prague in litical programmes, but his position hardly
Bonn in 1795.
1746, died at Violoncellist allowed him to produce his own works as
and instrumental composer. After several much as he would have liked. In 1782 he
years in the service of the Count von Wal- made a brief trip to Italy, and in 1785 he
lerstein,he was appointed in 1787, by the availed himself of a leave of absence to visit
Elector of Cologne, Conzertmeister and London and Paris, obtaining in the French
conductor of the orchestra, at the National capital an order for the composition of two
Theatre at Bonn. Works 3 concertos for : operas, and went to Paris again in 1786 to
violoncello and orchestra 3 symphonies ; prepare for their performance but the news
;
for 10 instruments 2 symphonies concer- ; of Frederick the Great's death recalled him
tantes for violin and violoncello Symphonic ; to Berlin to write the customary funeral
concertante for 2 horns 6 duos concertants
; cantata. Under Friedrich Wilhelm H. his
for violin and violoncello ; S^'mphonio con- orchestra was enlarged and he secured new
certante for 2 violins, or violin and violon- singers from Italy, but his enemies informed
cello ; 3 duos for violin and violoncello. the king of his sympathies with the French
—Mendel ; Riemann ; Fetis. Revolution and so prejudiced the monarch,
REICHARDT, GUSTAV, born at Schmar- that his position became untenable. First
sow, near Demmiu, Pomerania, Nov.
13, he received a three years' leave of absence
1797, died in BerHn, October 19, 1884. Vo- with full pay, and in 1794 was dismissed,
cal composer, pupil of Bernhard Klein and settled in Altona. In 1797 he was ap- ;
settled in Berlin to teach music, and was pointed inspector of salt works at Halle,
for several years conductor of the Lieder- and after the Icing's death he appeared
tafel. He composed only thirty-six works, again in Berlin as a composer. He visited
mostly songs, among which " Was ist des Paris also several times. The French inva-
192
; ;
REICIIEL
sion of Germany drove him from home in sical periodicals, and, besides lessor literary
180G, but the fear of losing his fortune works, wrote : Briefe eines aufmcrksamen
caused him to return, and Jerome Napoleon Reisenden die Musik betreflfend (Frankfort
appointed him Kapellmeister at Cassel.
He could not long retain this place, and was
given leave to visit Vienna. As ho did not
succeed to his satisfaction, he went back to
his estate near Giebichenstein, and remained and Leipsic, 1774) Ueber die deutschc ;
there until his death. It seems to have been komische Oper (Hamburg, 1774) Vertrautc ;
difficult for him to live in harmony with his Briefe aus Paris (ib., 1804-5) Vertrauto ;
associates. His writings show that he was Briefe, geschriebcn auf einer Rtisc nacli
more of a literary musician than a learned Wien (Amsterdam, 1810).— Autobiography
one. While culture, melody, and dramatic in Berlin Musikalische Zeitung (1805)
feeling are found in his compositions, they Fetis ; Mendel ; Riemann Schletterer, J.
;
lack the fertility of invention which belongs F. Reichardt, sein Leben (Augsburg, 18G5)
to genius. He was one of Mendelssohn's Gerber Schilling do., Supplement, 357
; ;
;
favorite composers his Singspiele are im- ;

Lindner, Geschichtc des deutscheu Liedes,
portant factors in the development of Ger- 132.
man opera, and his Lieder are interesting REICHEL, ADOLF (HEINRICH JO-
as being among the earliest of their kind, HANN), born at Tursznitz, West Prussia,
so that he must always hold a considerable in 1816, still living, 1890. Vocal and in-
place in musical history. Works Operas — : strumental composer, pupil at Elbing, of
Hiinschen und Gretchen, KOnigsberg, 1772 ;
Cantor Brandt, and later, in Berlin, of Dehn
Amor's Guckkasten, Riga, 1773 La gioja ;
and Louis Berger in composition. After
dopo il duolo, o le feste superbe, Berlin, travelling in Germany and Switzerland, ho
1776 Andromeda, ib., 1788 first act of
; ;
settled where he taught music
in Paris,
Protesilao, 1789 Brenno, 1789 Olimpiade, ; ; fourteen years. In 1857 he was appointed
1791 Tamerlan, and Pan thoe, French operas,
; instructor of composition at the Couserva-
not performed Rosamunda, Italian opera,
; torium in Dresden, and director of Dreis-
1801; Das Zauberschloss, 1802; Bradamante, sig's Singakademie, and in 1867 went to
Vienna, 1808 L'heureux naufrage, 1808

; ;
Berne, as director of the city music.
4 Singspiele to Goethe's Claudina von Villa- Works : Mass ; Trio for pianoforte, violin,
bella, Jery und Biitely, Erwin und Elmirc, and violoncello ; 4 preludes and fugues for
and Lilla Die Geisterinsel, Singspiel after pianoforte Sonatas and mazurkas for do.;
; ;
Shakespeare's Temj)est Other operas and Choruses Songs. Fc'tis Mendel.

; ; — ;
Singspiele Oratorios and cantatas Music

;
REICHEL, FRIEDRICH (CARL), born ;
to Biirger's translation of Macbeth, Goethe's at Oberoderwitz, near Zittau, Jan. 27, 1833,
Faust, Egmont, Tasso, and to other dramas still living, 1890. Instrumental composer, ;
Many songs, including Goethe's lyrical pupil in Dresden of F Wiock on the i)iauo-
poems Ouvertura di Vittoria and Schlacht- forte, and of Julius Otto and Kiotz in
;
symphonie in honor of the battle of Lcipsic theory. At the age of twelve he took i)art
6 other symphonies Concertante for string in the church music of his native town,
:
quartet, and orchestra concertos for playing the organ, the violin, the tluto. the
; 14
jjianoforte ; 17 sonatas for do.; 11 do. for horn, and the trombone, or singing. About
violin ; concerto for do. 1852 he settled in Dresden as instructor of
; G trios for strings ;
2 quartets for pianoforte and strings Quin- music, and in 18(50 became director of tho
;
tet for pianoforte, 2 flutes, and 2 horns Liedertafel tlierc, in 18G9 leader of tlio ;
Sonata for flute, etc. He edited several mu- Ncustadter Chorgesangvercin, and in 1S70
193
;
REICH
director of the Amateur Orchestra Society. Crosdil. He composed solos and duos for
Works Die geangstigten Diplomaten, ope- his instrument.
:
retta, given at the Dresden Court Theatre, REINECIvE, KARL (HEINRICH CAR-
1875 Symphonies Octet for wind instru-
; ; STEN),bornatAltona,
ments ;
Quartets for strings Gesang der ;June 23, 1824, stiU
wandernden Musensohne, for chorus and living, 1890. Pianist,
orchestra Festival song, for do.
;
4 cho- pupil of his father, an
;
ruses for men's voices 4 terzets for female ; able theorist made ;
voices 5 songs for mixed chorus Piano-

; his first concert tour,
;
forte music Songs. Mendel.

; — in 1834, to Denmark
REICH MR
DIE HAND, seven varia- and Sweden, and after
tions for two oboes and an English horn, perfecting himself at
in C, by Beethoven, on the theme, Reich Leipsic, where Men-
mir die Hand (La ci darem la raauo), from delssohn and Schu-
Don Giovanni. The original autograph, in mann then highly influenced the musical
the possession of Artaria & Co., was pub- world, played again in the northern cities
lished (Vienna, 1800). of Germany, and at Copenhagen, where in
REIF, ^\TLHELM, born at Schwallung- 184G-48 he was court pianist to Christian
en, in 1833, still living, 1890. Clarinet Vni. then lived for some time in Paris. ;
player, music director of the court orches- In 1851 he became instructor at the Con-
tra at Meiuingen has composed several servatorium of Cologne, was music director
;
operas, among which Abu Said was espe- at Barmen in 1854-59, at Breslau in 1859-
cially successful, and symphonies, overtures, GO, when he was appointed Kapellmeister
suite for orchestra, festival marches, Con- of the Gewandhaus at Leipsic, and professor
zertstiicke for solo instruments, pianoforte at the Conservatorium. He still continues
pieces, etc. to appear as a virtuoso, playing with suc-
REDIANN, IGNAZ, born at Albendorf, cess in London and other cities, and on his
Silesia, Dec. 27, 1820, died at Rengersdorf, annual tours to Scandinavia, England, Hol-
ib., June 17, 1885. Church comjôser, pu- land, and Switzerland always meets with an
pil at the Seminary at Breslau. Works enthusiastic reception. As an interpreter of
:
74 masses 24 Requiems 4 oratorios 4 Mozart he has few rivals. Among his pujîls
; ; ;
Te Deums 37 Utanies 83 offertories 50 in composition are Bruch, Grammanu, Grieg,

; ; ;
gi'aduals, cantatas, etc. 9 overtures, and Klauwell, Sullivan, Svendsen, etc.

; among ;
other works for orchestra. Riemann. —

those on the pianoforte, Joseffy, Louis Maas,
REINAGLE, JOSEF, born, of German Kwast, etc. He is at present undoubtedly
parentage, at Portsmouth, England, in the most prominent musical figure of Leip-
17G2, died at Oxford, in 183G. Violoncel- sic. Works Operas KOnig Manfred, five — :
list, entered the king's service as a horn acts, given at Wiesbaden, 18G7, Leipsic,
player, but afterwards took up the violon- 1885 Der vierjilhrige Posten, not given A uf ; ;
cello, aud became director of concerts at hohen Befehl, Hamburg, 1886 Ein Aben- ;
Edinburgh. In 1789 he went to Ireland, teuer Hilndels, Schwerin, 1874, Belsazar,

Init returned to London and finally lived oratorio 2 masses Music to Schiller's Wil- ; ;
at Oxford. Wôrks 30 progressive duets helm Tell Ilakon Jarl, for male chorus,
:
;
for 2 violoncellos Quartets for strings soli, and orchestra Die Flucht nach Agyp-
; ;
24 lessons for harpsichord Method for ten, do. Sommerbilder, do. (1885) Schnee-
; ; ;
violoncello. His brother Hugo (born at icittchen, for female chorus, soli, and piano-
Portsmouth, 17GG, died young at Lisbon) forte Aschenbrudel, do. DornrOschen, ; ;
was a virtuoso on the violoncello, pupil of do. Die wilden Schwiine, do. 20 canons ; ;
194
:
REINECKE
for 3 female voices, with pianoforte ; 2 sym- to renounce her lover. The third act is
phonies. Overtures : Dame Kobokl ; Ala- placed in Cyprus, where Grrard is discov-
din ; Friedensfeier ; Fcst-Ouvertiire, op. ered, attacked, and saved l)y one who is un-
148 Zenobia In memoriam, introduction known to him. He still resolves to kill
; ;
and fugue with choral for orchestra Fu- Lusignan, and during a fete is about to take ;
neral march for Emperor Wilhelm I., op. his life when he recognizes him as his de-
200 Concerto for violin do. for violon- liverer, and Lusignan again protects him.
; ;
cello do. for haqi

; 3 quartets for strings
; After several years, during which Catarina ;
4 concertos for pianoforte and strings Quin- has become reconciled to her fate and Ge-;
tet for do. Quartet for do.

;
G trios for do. rard has been made Chevalier of Rliodcs,
;
;
2 sonatas for violoncello 4 do. for violin the latter discovers a plot against Lusignan
;
;
Phantasie for pianoforte and violin Undine, and tells Catarina of it. Mocenigo appears
;
sonata for flute and pianoforte Sonatas, at this moment, and says he will fasten the
;
crime upon them. Lusignan, who over-

hears this threat, orders Mocenigo to prison,
but the latter has had time to give signal
for the Venetians to attack the city. Dur-
ing the conflict Lusignan is seconded by
Gerard, but is wounded, and dies in Cata-
fantasias, caprices, etc., for pianoforte ; Sev- rina's arms. She brings out her son to her
eral collections of songs ; Choruses for subjects, who proclaim him their sovereign,
male, and mixed voices, etc. —Mendel ; Rie- and Gerard returns to Rhodes. Original
mann. cast
EEINECKE (Reinicke), KARL LEO-
POLD, born Dessau, in 1774, died at
Catarina Mme Stoltz.
at
Gerard M. Dnprez.
QuedHnburg, Oct. 22, 1820. Dramatic
Lusignan M. Baroillict.
composer, first instructed on several instru-
Mocenigo ]M. Massol.
ments by his father, court musician at An-
halt-Dessau, later pupil of Rust on the vio- This opera was first given in Leipsic, Sept.
lin, and in 1796-98, in Dresden, of Nau- 19, 1842. Published by Lcmoine (Paris.
mann in composition. In 1798 he was ap- 1842) by Schlesinger, German translation ;
pointed Conzertmeister and music director by Griinbaum (Berlin, 1842). Pianoforte

at Dessau. —
Works Operas Adelaide von score by Wagner (Paris, 1841). See Cala-
:
Scharfeneck Feodora; Peronka und Al- rhia Cornaro. Clement et Larousse, 5G7
; — ;
fred, given at Dessau. Symphonies In- Lajarte, ii. 1G9 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xliv. ; ;
strumental pieces Songs. ; —

Fetis Mendel. 705 Neue Zeitschr., xvii. 116.
; ;
REINE DE CHYPRE, LA (The Queen REINE DE FR.iNCE, LA (The Queen of

of Cyprus), opera in five acts, text by Saint- France), symphony in G minor, by Haydn,
Georges, music by Halcvy, first represented supposed to have been written in 1786. I.
at the Academie Royale de Musique, Paris, Adagio, Vivace II. Romanze, allcgi'etto ; ;
Dec. 22, 1841. The time of the action is ITT, Mcnuetto, allegretto IV. Finale, ;
14G9. A Venetian patrician, who has prom- presto. Published by Simrock.

ised his daughter, Catarina Cornaro, to a REINE S.U3A, LA (The (,)ucon of DE
French nobleman, Gerard dc Courcy, Sheba), French opera in four acts, text by is
informed by Mocenigo that the Council of Jules Barbier and ]Michel Carre, music by
Ten orders her to be given in marriage to Gounod, first represented at the Opera,
Lusignan, Iving of Cyprus. He yields only Paris. Feb. 28, ISG'i. The Quoon of She])a,
on threat of death, and Catarina is forced Balkib, visits Solomon, and falls in love wilh
196
—
;
IIEINER
an artisan, Adoniram, with whom she runs vioHns (Munich, Motets for 4-6 1645) ;
away. The last act takes place in the ravine Motets for
voices, with 2 violins (ib., 1648) ;
of Ccdron, where Adoniram is assassinated 8 voices (ib., 1654) Psalms for 8 voices ;
by three other artisans, whose demands for (ib., 1654) Mass for 5 voices and 3 instru-
;
salary he had ignored. The work ends ments (Innsbruck, 1655). Fetis Mendel. — ;
with the Queen's distress, she believing the REINER, JiVIÔB, born about 1560 at
murder to have been instigated by Solomon Altdorf, Wiirtemberg, died in the Convent
for revenge. Original cast : of Weingarten, Aug. 12, 1606. Church
composer, first instructed in the Convent
La reine (Balkis) Mmc Gueymard.
school at Weingarten, then, in Munich,
Adoniram M. Gueymard.
pupil of Orlando Lasso. He was ap-
Soliman M. Belval.
pointed vocal instructor, and later choir-
Phauor M. Marie.
master of the Convent of Weingarten.
Benoni Mile Hamackers.
Works Liber cantiouum sacrarum, 22 mo-
:
An English version, entitled Irene, by H. tets for 5-6 voices (1579, new ed. by O.
Faruie, was given as a concert at the Crystal Dressier, 1872) ; Schone neue deutsche
Lieder, 32 songs for 4-5 voices (1581)
Christliche Gesang, teutsche Psalmen, 15
psalms for 3 voices (1589) Selectee piseque ;
cantiones, 20 motets for 6 voices (1591) ;
Cantica sive mutetse, 29 songs for 4-5 voices

(1595) Liber motettarum, 32 motets for
;
6-8 voices (1600) Liber motettarum, 18;
motets for 6 voices (1603) Sacrarum ;
missarum, for 5-6 voices (1604) Glorio- ;
sissima) Virginis Magnificat, for 8-12 voices

(1604) ; Miss?e tres cum litaniis for 8
voices (1604) ; Missse aliquot sacras cum
ofiicio B. M. V. et Antiphonis, for 3-4
voices (1608) ; Many songs in MS. Fetis — ;
Mendel ; Riemann ; Monatshefte fiir Mu-

sik-Geschichte, iii. 97.
REINE TOPAZE, LA (Queen Topaz),
opera-comique in three acts, text by Lock-
roy and Leon Battu, music by Victor Masse,
first represented at the Theatre Lyi-ique,
Palace, Aug, 12, 1865. Published by Chou- Paris, Dec. 27, 1856. Topaze is a young
dens (Paris, 18G2) Schott (Mainz) Eng- girl, who in infancy was stolen from her
; ;
lish edition by Cramer & Co. (London). parents, and becomes queen of a band of
Transcription for the pianoforte by Liszt. gypsies. She loves the captain, Rafael,
—Clement et Larousse, 568 ; Athenscum whom
from his betrothed, a
she wins
(1865), ii. 253. wealthy noblewoman. He falls in love with
llEINEll, AMBROSIUS, church com- Topaze, but hesitates to marrj' her until
poser of the 17th century, about the middle the secret of her birth is revealed to him
of which he lived in Prague, then at Inns- by the gypsies. The success of this opera,
bruck, as composer and Kapellmeister to one of the composer's best, was greatly
the Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria. owing to the brilliant execution of Mme
Works : Motets for 2-4 voices, with Miolan-Carvalho, whose name is inseparably
1%
:
REINnOLD
connected with the work. The Carnaval strings String quartet Im Walde, and ; ;
de Venise, with Paganini's variations, which Fantasie-Bilder, for pianoforte (4 hands) ;
Other pianoforte pieces, and songs. Futis, —

Supph'ment, ii. 399 Riemann. ;
REINKEN (Reinke, Reinicke), JOHANN

ADAjÎ,born at
Deventer, Hol-
land, April 27,
162 3, died in
Hamburg, Nov.
24, 1722. Organ-
ist, pupil of Jan
Pieter SweeUnck
in Amsterdam;
became in 1654
'
organist of the
church of St. Catherine, in Hamburg. So
great was his reputation that Johann Sebas-
Bach walked twice at least from Liine-
tian
burg to Hamburg to hear him. On the latter
occasion Bach in turn played for the aged
organist, who exclaimed "I thought that
Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa.
this art was dead, but I see that it still lives
is interpolated in the second act, was sung in you." Works Hortus Musicus for two :
by her with great facihty and precision. violins, viola, and bass (Hamburg, 1704) ;
Original cast Toccata for organ ; 2 arrangements of
La reine Topaze . . . Mme Miolan-Carvalho.

chorals ; 2 variations for clavier. — ^Mendel ;
Futis ; Schilling ; Mattheson, Ehren-Pfortc,

Le capitaine Raf ai'l M. Montjauze.
292.
Annibal M. Meillet.
REINTHALER, KARL (M.UiTIN), born
Francappa M. BalanqiK-.
at Erfurt, Oct. 13,
Fritellino M. Froment.
1822, still living,
Filomelo Mile Pannetrat.
1890. Pupil of G.
This opera was given at Her Majesty's, A. Ritter and A. B.
London, with Mile Parepa in the title-role, Mai-x ; visited Paris,
Dec. 24, 1860. Published by Schott where he studied

(Mainz, 1857). — Clement et Larousse, 5G9 ;
singing luider Ge-
Revue et Gaz. mus. de Paris (1857), 2 ;
raldi and Bordogni,
Athenseum (1860), ii. 361 Neue Zeitsch. ;

then spent some
(1859), i. 32. time at Naples, ^Mi-
EEINHOLD, HUGO, born in Vienna, lan, and Rome. Ho became instructor of
March 3, 1854, still living, 1890. Instru- singing at the Cologne Conservatorium, in
mental composer, pupil at the Vienna 1853 ; was appointed city nuisic director,
Conservatorium, of Bruckner, Epstein, and organist of the Catliedral, and director of

DessofF in 1868-74, and received a silver the Singakademio at Bremen in 1S5S, and
medal. His compositions arc very prom- later conductor of tlic Liedertafel tlicre.
ising. Works Prelude, minuet, and fugue

: Ho is royal I'russian music director, and
for orchestra Suite for pianoforte, and
; since 1882 member of the Berlin Academy.
m
;; ! ;
REISS
Works —
Operas Edda, Bremen, 1875
: theology, but soon gave himself up to mu-
;
Kathchen von Heilbronn, Frankfort, 1881. sic piu'suing his studies in Vienna, in ;
Jcphtha and his daughter, oratorio In 18 21, he appeared

;
der Wiiste, for chorus and orchestra the following year as

Das Miidchen von Kolah, do.; Symphony a singer and pian-
;
Psalms Choruses Songs. Mendel Rie-

; ; — ist.
; He then visited
inann Fc'tis do., Supplement, ii. 400.
; ; Munich, where he
REISS, CAKL HEINKICH ADOLF, became the pujîl of
born in Frankfort-on-the-Main, in 1829, Winter, went to Ber-
still living, 1890. Pianist, pupil, in Frank- lin in 1823, and trav-
fort, of Rosenhain on the pianoforte, of e 1 1 e d in Holland,

Ferdiuand Kesslcr in harmony, and later, Fi-ancp, and Italy in 1
in Leipsic, pupil of Moritz Hauptmann. At 1824-25, to inform himself about the musi-
the age of fourteen, he appeared with suc- cal institutions of those countries, by order
cess in a concert in Frankfort, and when not of the Prussian government. He was then
yet twenty years old, was appointed chorus- for a short time instructor at the royal in-
master in the Stadttheater of Mainz. He stitute for church music, and in October,
was music director successively at the thea- 1826, was summoned to The Hague, to or-
tres of Berae, Basel, and Wiirzhurg, and ganize the Conservatorium, which is still
in 1854 returned to Mainz as first Kapell- flourishing. In the same j-ear he succeeded
meister of the Stadttheater. In 1856 he Marschner as music director of the Ger-
was called to the Court theatre at Cassel, man Opera in Dresden, and soon after was
where later he succeeded Spohr as Hof- appointed Hof-Kapellmeister to succeed
Kapellmeister in 1881-86 he filled the Weber. Works
; Operas Das Rockenweib- — :
same position at "Wiesbaden. Works Otto chen (1821, not given) : Didone abban- ;
der Schiitz, opera, given in Cassel and donata, Dresden, 1823 Der Ahuenschatz ;
IMainz Pianoforte music

; Songs. Fetis ; —
(1824, do.) Yelva, melodrama, Dresden, ;
jMondcl Riemann. ; 1827 Libclla, ib., 1828 Die Felsenmiihle ; ;
REISSIGER, FRIEDRICH AUGUST, von Etalieres, ib., 1829 Turandot, ib., ;
bom at Belzig, Prussia, July 26, 1809, died 1835 Adele de Foix, ib., 1841 Der Schiff- ; ;
at Frcderikshald, Norway, March 2, 1883. bruch der Medusa, ib., 1846 Overture and
'
Brother of the following, first instructed entr'actes to the tragedy Nero, Munich,
by his father, then pupil of Schicht and 1822. David, oi*atorio 10 masses Hymns, i
; ;
Weinlig at the Thomasschule in Leijjsic, jDsalms, motets, vespers, etc. Symphony for ;
;
and of Dehn in Berlin. He was music orchestra Overture for do. Concerto for ; ;
director at the theatre in Christiauia Quintet for

in flute ; Concertino for clarinet ;
1840-50, and thence went to Frcderikshald, pianoforte and strings 6 quartets for do. ; ;
as organist and military Kapelmester. 27 trios for do. Quintet for strings 8 ; ;
Works Music to Tie Saters, and to Ogte- quartets for do. 2 sonatas for violin and
:
;
inandens Repraisentant ; Several masses ;

pianoforte ; Sonata for clarinet ; Sonatas
Requiem ; Cantatas ; Concert overtures ; (4 and 2 hands), rondos, variations, and
Pianoforte music ; Many songs, and chor- other music for pianoforte Many songs, ;
uses for male voices. — Mendel. some of which have become very popular.
REISSIGER, KARL GOTTLIEB, born — Fctis Mendel Riemann
; Schilling ; ;
at Belzig, Jan. 31, 1798, died in Dresden, Schumann, Ges. Schriften, ii. 292.
Nov. 7, 1859. Dramatic composei*, pupil REISSMANN, AUGUST, born at Fran-
in 1811 of Schicht at the Thomasschule, kenstein, Silesia, Nov. 14, 1825, still living,
Leipsic. In 1818 he began the study of 1890, Dramatic composer, and writer on
198
; ;
REITER
music, pupil in his native place of Heinrich fiir Musik in Berlin (1875) Leichtfassliche ;
Jung, and in Breslau of Mosewius and Musikgeschichte (1877) Zur Aesthetik der ;
Baumgart in theory, of Ernst Richter on Tonkunst (1879) Joseph Haydn (1879) ;

;
the pianoforte and organ, of Liistner on the lllustrirte Geschichte der deutschen Musik
\dolin, and of Kahl on the violoncello. (1880) J. S. Bach, and G. F. Hiindel (1881) ;
The favourable reception given his com- Gluck, and Weber (1882) and otlier works. ;
positions strengthened his purpose to be- Mendel Riemann —

FOtis, Supplement, ; ;
come a composer, but a residence in 1850- ii. 101.

52 in Weimar, where the new school of mu- REITER, ERNST, born at Wertheim,
sic had its most ardent champions, turned Baden, in 1814, died at Basel, July 14,
him more to literary work. After living 1875. Violinist, professor at the Conserva-
several years at Halle, he settled in 1863 in torium at Wiii'zburg, where he appeared
Berlin, where he lectured in 18G6-74 on also in concerts in 1835-37. In 1839 he
musical history at the Conservatorium and ; went as music director to Strasburg, and
afterwards took up his residence in Leip- in 1841 to Basel. In 1843 he conducted
sic. He was a prominent contributor to the music festival at Lucerne. Works Die :
Mendel's Musikalisches Conversations-Lexi- Fee von Elverhoe, Wiesbaden, 1865 Das ;
kon, and after his death continued and neue Paradies, oratorio, Basel, 1845, Vienna,
completed it. In 1875 the degree of Ph. D. 1847 2 quartets for strings Songs. ; ;
was conferred upon him by Leipsic Uni- REJOICE GREATLY, soprano aiia in
versity. His compositions have not at- B-flat major, with accompaniment of violins
tracted great attention, and his literary in unison, and contiuuo, in Handel's Mes-
works are sometimes injured by his fond- siah, Part I., No. 16.
ness for putting all music into a system, RELLSTAB, JOHAN^ KARL FRIED-
but his industry and good use of his op- RICH, born in BerUn, Feb. 27, 1759, died
portunities have made him of considerable at Charlottenburg, Aug. 19, 1813. Com-
authority in the musical world of Germany. poser and writer, pupil of Agricola and
—
Works Operas Gudrun, Leipsic, 1871
: Fasch. His father's death compelled him
Das Gralspiel (not given) Die Biirger- ; to take charge of a printing establishment
meisterin von Schorndorf, Leipsic, 1880. which he added
in Berlin, to the business of
Two dramatic scenes, Drusus Tod and Lo- music printing and selling, und in 1785
reley ; Wittekind, oratorio ; 2 sonatas for opened a circulating nuisic library. In
pianoforte and violin Concerto for violin
; 1787 he founded a concert for amateurs,
and orchestra ; Suite for do. Many songs ; and the concerts given by the Singakademie
and ballads, duets, terzettos, and choruses. and others were often held at his house and
Writings Von Bach bis Wagner (Berlin,
: expense. The war of 1806 caused the loss
18G1) Das deutsche Lied in seiner his-
; of almost his whole fortune, but his love of
torischen Entwickelung (1861), rewritten music revived on the return of peace. He
as Geschichte des deutscheu Liedes (1874:), wrote musical criticisms for the Vossische
hismost important work Allgemeine Ge- ; Zeitung, lectured on harmony, inspired
Musik (1863-65, 3 vols.) Allge-
schichte der ; wealthier men to give private concerts, and
meine Musiklehre (1864, 2d ed., 1871) instructed ;
his children musically. In 1811
Grundriss der Musikgeschichte (1865) ;
he visited Italy and Vienna. His composi-
llobert Schumann (1865, 3d ed., 1879) ;
tions are little more than mechanical, but
Lehrbuch der musikalischen Komposition his books give evidence of critical observa-
(1866-71, 3 vols.) FeKx Mendelssohn-Bar- tion. Works Die Apothekc, opera
;
Die : ;
tholdy (1867, 2d ed., 1872) Franz Schu- Hirteu an der Krippe zu Bc'thkhom, can-
;
bert (1872) Die kOuigliche Hochschule tata

;
Pygmalion, do. Ode Passion ora- ; ; ;
190
;
REMBT
torio ; Mass Te Deum Marches, waltzes, successful concerts. In 1853 he went to
; ;
sonatinas, and other music. He pubHshed Weimar to study under Liszt, and in 1854
Versuch iiber die Vereinigung der musi- to London as solo
kalischeu und oratorischen Deklamation (Vi- violinist to the
enna, 1785) Ueber die Bemerkungen eines
;
Queen. Having
Reisenden (Berlin, 1789), a reply to a work obtained an am-
by Eeichardt Anleitung f iir Ivlavierspieler,
; nesty in 18G0, he
den Gebrauch der Bach'schen Fingerset- returned to Hun-
zung, die Manicren uud den Vortrag be- gary, and was made
treffeud (ib., 1790).— Fetis Gerber Men- ; ; solo violinist to
del ; Riemann ; Schilling. the Emperor of
REMBT, JOH.iNN ERNST, born 18G5
at Austria. In
Suhl, Prussian Saxony, in 1749, died there, he appeared successfully in Paris then vis- ;
Feb. 2G, 1810. Organist, formed himself ited Germany, Holland, and Belgium, and
by the study of Bach's works, of which he in 1875 settled temporarily in Pai'is. He
was an eminent interpreter. He was organ- went to London again in 1877, to America
ist in his native city from 1772, and left it in 1878, travelled extensively in the United
only once in his life, to visit Leipsic in States, Canada, and Mexico, and started on
1797. Works 6 trios for organ (1787) 6 a new concert tour around the world in
: ;
do. 50 four-part fughettas for do. Cho- 1886. Among his works are a concerto for
; ;
rals, fugues, preludes, and orchestra

etc., for do. —Fetis.
most of his other violin ;
REMDE, JOHANN CHRISTIAN HEIN- compositions consist of an-angements which

RICH, born at Berka-on-the-Ilm, Saxe- he has made for his own playing, chiefly
AVeimar, in 1790, died at Weimar (?) after of Hungarian airs, and of Field's, Chopin's,
18-40. Dramatic composer, first instructed Schubert's, Bach's, Rameau's, and Mozart's
by his father, then pupil of Tiirk at Halle. music, which he has jDublished as Nouvelle
He taught music in Berlin, then lived at £cole de violon (Paris). Futis, Supple- —
Leipsic and at Memmingen, Suabia, and ment, ii. 402 Wui-zbach ; Hanslick, Con- ;
settled at Weimar, where he attracted Goe- certwesen in Wien, ii. 267.

the's attention, and was appointed music R^^MUZAT, JEAN, born at Bordeaux
director of the court theatre, and professor (Gironde), May 11, 1815, died in Shanghai,
at the pages' school. —
Works Operas Die Sept. 1, 1880. Virtuoso on the flute, pupil
:
lustigen Studenteu Der Zaubersee, given of Tulou at the Conservatoire, Paris, where
;
at Weimar, 1836 Die entwaffnete Rache he won the first prize in 1832 appeared
; ;
Pygmalion, melodrama. Der Wandel des successfully in many concerts, then settled
Irrthums, cantata. Pianoforte music, part- in London, where he became first flutist at
songs, ballads, and songs. Fetis. —
the Queen's Theatre in 1853 he returned to ;
REMl^:Nyi, EDUARD, born at Heves, Paris, and was engaged in the same capa-
Hungary, in 1830 reported drowned ofif city at the Thi'-atre Lyrique. He composed
;
:Madagascar in 1887, but living at Cape concertinos, fantaisies, airs varies, and mor-
Town, South Africa, in 1890. Virtuoso ceaux de salon for his instrument. Fetis. —
on the violin, pupil in 18-42-45, at the Vi- RENAUD, tragedie-lyrique in three acts,
enna Conscrvatoiium, of Bohm. He took text by Leboeuf, music by Sacchini, first
an active part in the insurrection of 1848, represented at the Academic Royale de Mu-
and was adjutant to the famous general sique, Paris, Feb. 28, 1783. This opera
G.'n-gey the revolution was crushed was a re-ari'angement of Sacchini's Armida
; when
he left his country and travelled in the e Rinaldo, first given in Milan in 1722.
United States in 1849-50, giving many The French version was given in Paris,
200
KENAUD
through the influence of Marie Antoinette, Oder Alle fiirchten sich, in 1831 in Vi- ;
with Mme Saint-Huberty as Ai-mide. It is enna, Aug. 18, 182G.— Clement et Larousse,
571.
Bt PASTORE, IL (The Shepherd King),
dramatic cantata in two acts, text by Metas-
tasio, music by Mozart, first represented at
Salzburg, April 23, 1775. The libretto was
written in 1751, set to music by Bono, and
given in Vienna in that year. ]\Iozart was
ordered to compose music to this text in
March, 1775, for the entertainment of the
Archduke Maximilian, son of the Empress
Maria Theresa, who was expected to visit
Salzburg the following month. The so-
prano Consoli, from ^Munich, sang the prin-
cipal part, and Mozart composed a new bra-
vura air for her. Characters represented :
Alessandro, King Macedonia

of Aniinta,
;
shepherd descendant of the Kings of Sidon,

and lover of Elisa Elisa, shej^herdess Ta-
; ;
Antoinette C^cile Saint-Huberty.
miri, fugitive princess, daughter of the tyrant
one of the best of the many settings of the Stratone, loved by Agenor and Agenor, ;
subject. See also Arinide et RenauJ. — Cle- noble of Sidon, lover of Tamiri, and friend
ment et Larousse, 570 Lajarte, i. 333.
; of Alessandro. Alessandro, having taken
RENAUD D'AST, comcdie in two acts, Sidon, puts to death the tyrant and usurper
in prose, text by Radet and Barre, music Stratone, and places on the throne the
by Dalayrac, first represented at the Italiens, rightful king, Aminta, who has been liv-
Paris, July 19, 1787. The libretto is an ing as a shepherd. Alessandro wishes to
imitation of La Fontaine's "L'oraison de marry him to Tamiri, daughter of Stratone,
Saint-Julien," taken originally from Boccac- who loves Agenor, and Aminta, rather than
cio. The music was popular, and the airs give up the love of Elisa, a shepherdess, re-
were long sung in the Paris vaudevilles. turns the crown to Alessandro. The latter
Same title, French ojêra in two acts, text is so delighted with his fidelity that he
by Lemonnier, music by Trial and Vachon, unites him with Elisa, and establishes them
previously given in Paris, Oct. 22, 17G5. upon the throne. He also gives Tamiri to
Italian comic operas on this subject :Rin- Agenor, and promises him the next king-
aldo d' Asti, by Marcos Portugal, Venice, dom he may conquer. Aminta's aria, " Aer
1793 by Niccolo Isouard, Malta, 1796 by tranquillo," was sung by IMlle Weber in
; ;
Francesco Morlacchi, Parma, 1809 and by Mannheim in 1778. Another aria of Amin-
;
Carlo Coccia, Rome, 181G. ta's, " L' amero," was a favourite with Jenny
RENDEZ-VOUS BOURGEOIS, LES, Lind. The original autograph, in the

opera-bouftbn in one act, text by Hoffman, KiJnigliche Bibliothek, Borhu, was pub-
music by Niccolo Isouard, first represented lished by Breitkopf it Hiirtel, Mozart
at the Opera Comique, Paris, May 9, 1807. Werke, Serie v.. No. 10. —
K'tchel, Verzcich-
The libretto is the most amusing of Hofl- niss, No. 208 Andre, do., No. 37 Jahii,
; ;
man's Avorks for the stage, and the music Mozart, i. 399 Gehring. IMozart, 51.
;
is gay and thoroughly French in character. RP: PASTORE, IL, Italian opera in three
It was given in Berlin as Das Stelldicheiu, acts, text by Motastasio, music by Giuseppe
201
;
REQUIEM
Sarti, firstrepresented in Venice in 1753. biui's last masterpiece, was written in his
This opera Lad an immense success, and seventy-seventh year, and it was sung at his
quickly spread the fame of its composer. own obsequies at Saint-Roch in 1842. It is
Other Italian operas on Metastasio's text, by a more dramatic work than the one in C
Giuseppe Bono, SchOubrunn, near Vienna, minor, and in some respects it is greater.
1751 ; by Johann Agricola, Berlin, 1752 ;
It was first sung in London as a funeral
by Johann Adam Hassc, Hubei-tusberg, service in the Roman Catholic chapel in
near Dresden, Oct. 7, 1755 ;by Nicolu Farm Street. Published by Frey (Paris).
Jommelli, Stuttgart, 1757 by Zonca, Mu-
; — Bellasis, Cherubini, 230, 334 337-347 ;
nich, 17G0 by Piccinni, Naples, 17G0 by Jo-

; ; Grove, iii. Ill Monthly Musical Record
;
hann Christian Ilichter, Dresden, 17G2 by ; (1872), ii. 71 ; Athena;um (1881), i. 4G8.
Pietro Guglielmi, Naples, 17G7 by Fran- ; REQUIEM, by Gossec. See 3Iesse des
cesco Uttini, Venice, about 1773 by Matteo
; Morts.
Ilauzzini, Dublin, 1781 by Parenti, Naples,
; REQUIEM, for chorus, soli, and orches-
1788; and by Luciano Xavier dos Santos, tra, by Mozart, written in 1791, and first i)er-
Lisbon, 1793 and a French opera on the
; fornied in Jahn's Hall, Vienna, 179G. This,
same subject, Le jardinier de Sidou, in two the composer's last work, was undertaken in
acts, text by Renard de Pleiuchune, music consequence of a visit in July, 1791, from a
by Philidor, first given at the Italieus, Paris, mysterious stranger, who brought Mozart a
July 18, 17G8. commission to write a Requiem mass. The
REQUIEM, by Berlioz. See Hesse des visitor was Herr Leutzeb, the steward of
INIorts. the Count Franz von Walsegg, who, having
REQUIEM, in C minor, by Cherubini, lost his wife, wished to honor her memory
written for the anniversary of the execution by a funeral mass, which he proposed to
of Louis XVI. (Jan. 21, 1793), and first per- have performed as his own composition.
formed at the Abbey Church of Saint- Owing to the weakness of impaired health,
Denis, Paris, Jan. 21, 1817. Berlioz con- andworn with overwork, Mozart soon be-
sidered this the greatest work com- lieved that this strange visitor was a mes-
of its
poser, and especially admired the Agnus Dei. senger from the other world, and that the
It is one of the greatest musical expressions mass was for his own funeral. This ner-
of Italian Catholicism, and its general tone vousness probably hastened his death (Dec.
is that of deep religious feeling and mourn- 5, 1791), Avhich occurred before the MS.
fulness. The Credo for eight voices, a was finished. His widow, fearing that she
cappella, is a striking example of Cherubiui's might be forced to refund the payment
mastery of counterpoint. The Requiem was already received for the Requiem, gave the
sung in the same church at the funeral ser- copy to the Hof-Kapellmeister, Joseph von
vice of the due de Berri, Feb. U, 1820. Eybler, to complete but, after filling in ;
It was first performed by the Sacred Har- the instrumentation as far as the Confutatis,
monic Society of London, under the direc- and writing two measures in continuation of
tion of Sir Michael Costa, March 23, 1881. the Lacrymosa, he abandoned the task in
Full score published by Frey (Paris), and despair. The MS. was then given to Franz
by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic). Cherubini Xaver Siissmayer, an accomplished musi-
\vi'ote also another Requiem, in D minor, for cian, intimate with Mozart's methods of
three male voices (two tenors, and a bass), working. Mozart had completed the first
first performed at a concert of the Conser- two movements, the Requiem and Kyrie, in
vatoire, Paris, March 25, 1838, the Dies full score, and the Dies irie, excepting the
irpe having been previously given at the last verse, was sketched out the voice ;
same place, March 19, 1837. This, Cheru- parts were comj)letely written with the
202
REQUIEM
basso-continuo and the instrumental parts Requiem, he would have rendered his name
;
I
where the accompaniment is independent. immortal." This work was first performed
The movements of the Offertorium, the by the Singakademie, Berlin, in memory of
Domine Jesu Christo, and the Hostias were its founder Fasch, Oct. 8, 1800 in memory ;
also partially written. Queen of Prussia in 1805 of the

Siissmayer's task of the ;
was to fill ill the necessary instrumentation Akademie director Frisch in 1815 of Prince ;
and to comiôse the Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Radziwill in 1833 of Count Briilil in 1837 ;
;
Benedictus, and the concluding part of tlie of Friedricli Wilhelm III. in 1840 and of ;
Lacrymosa. Ho made a skilful transcript Friedrich Wilheliii IV. in 1801 and in ;
of the entire Requiem, and his handwriting Paris under Cherubini in 1804. It was
resembled Mozart's so closely that Count given also in Berlin in memory of Andreas
von Walsegg accepted the MS. with the be- Romberg in 1821 of Bernard Klein in ;
lief that it was in the autograph of the great 1823 of Ludwig Berger in 1839 ; in Leip- ;
composer. A copy of the MS. was in the sic in memory of Schicht in 1821 in Lem- ;
possession of Mozart's widow, who sold it berg, under the direction of IMozart's son,
to Breitkopf & Hiirtel,was printed on the anniversary of the composer's death,
and it
by them for the first time in

full score Jan. 5, 1827 and in Vienna on the anni-
;
(Leipsic, 1800), Its authenticity was versary of Weber's death, Sept. 5, 1826 ;
doubted immediately. Siissmayer claimed and of Beethoven's, April 3, 1827. A lover

to have completed the instrumentation of of music in Venice left a legacy for the an-
the Requiem, Kyrie, Dies irto, and Domine, nual performance of three Requiems, in-
and to have composed the Sanctus, Bene- cluding Mozart's and a society was founded ;
dictus, and Agnus Dei. In 1825 Gottfried in 1857 in Senftenberg, Bohemia, to per-
Weber published an attack on the Requiem, form this Requiem annually on June 18tli.
which he considered unworthy of Mozart, It was given in Rio Janeiro in 1819 b}' the ;
and attributed the whole to Siissmayer. Handel and Haydn Society, Boston, Jan.
Mme von Nissen (Frau Mozart) afterward 18, 1857, and by the Oratorio Society of
aided Joliann Andre in publishing a new New York, Dec. 1, 1887. The original
edition of the score marked, on the author- score was obtained gradually by the Im-
ity of the Abbe Stadler, M. and S. to distin- perial Library of Vienna. In 1834 the
guish the parts written by Mozart from Abbe Stadler bequeathed to it the auto-
those by Siissmayer (Offenbach, 1820). graph of the Dies iroo, with the exception
Andre published also Mozart's oi'igiual of the last movement von Eybler sent ;
sketches of the Dies irse. Tuba Mirum, and soon afterward the MSS. of the Lacrymosa,
Hostias (ib., 1829). The motif of the first Domine Jesu, and the Hostias and in 1838 ;
number of the Requiem is the same as that the Library purchased the entire MS. sold
chosen by Handel for his Queen Caroline's to Count Walsegg. From these " Ur-
"
Te Deum, which has the old choral, Herr schriften," or sketches, it is proven that all
Jesu Christ, du wahrer Gott," or " Wenn of Mozart's work is extant, and that these
mein Stiindlein vorhanden ist," for its cantus sketches were filled in by Siissmayer, who
firmus. The motif of the Kyrie is the same did not write the Requiem and the Kyrie
as the subject of the chorus, "Hallelujah as he claims to have done. An edition for
we will rejoice in Thy salvation," in Han- the pianoforte without words was published
del's Joseph, and the chief subject of the by Haslingcr (Vienna, 1828). Other edi-
Kyrie eleison is the same as the fugue tions, by Schlesinger (Paris) by Novollo it ;
"And with His stripes" in the Aressiah. Co. (London) and by Breitkopf Sc Hiirtel, ;
Haydn said " If Mozart had written noth- jMozart Werkc, Serio xxiv. No. 1. Tran-
:
ing except his violin quintets and his scriptions of tlie Coufutatis and Lacrymosa,
[
"; ;;
KEQLTIEM
were made by Liszt for the pianoforte. and by Schott & Co. (London) ; by the
—Kochel, Verzeichuiss, No. G2G Jabn, ;
Prince de la Moskowa (Joseph Napoleon
Mozart, iv. G79-739, 775 do. (Townsend), ;
Ney) in Vol. IX. of his " Recueil des mor-
iii. 352-392 Nissen, Mozart, 563, 573 (An-
;
ceaux de musique ancienne," etc. and by ;
haug, 1G8) Oulibicbeff, Mozart, iii. 419

;
Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Palestrina Werke.
339 Mosel, Ueber die Original- —Grove, iii. 109.
Ft'tis, vi. ;
Partitur des Requiem von W. A. Mozart REQUIEM (The Manzoni), by Verdi, first
(Vienna, 1839) Habn, Mozarts llequiem performed in the Church of San Marco, Mi-
;
(Bielefeld, 18G7) ; Roclilitz, Fiir Freunde lan, May 22, 1874, on the anniversary of
der Tonlcunst, i. 159Lobe, Compositions- Alessandro IManzoni's death.
;
The solos
lehre, iii. 195 ; Sievers, Mozart und Siiss- were sung by Teresa Stoltz, soprano Maria ;
maier, 8 ; Polil, The Story of Mozart's Re- Waldman, alto Giuseppe Capponi, tenor ;
quiem (London) ; Erdmann, Ergebnisse der and Ormondo Maini, bass. Soon after
bisherigen Forschungen iiber die Echtheit Rossini's death (Nov. 13, 1868), Verdi con-
des Mozart'schen Requiem (2 vols., Schott, ceived the idea that the Italian composers
Mainz, 1826-28) ; Stadler, M., Vertheidigung should unite in writing a Requiem to his
der Echtheit des Mozart-Requiem Ciicilia, memory, to be performed in the cathedral ;
iii. 205-230 iv. 120, 257-352 v. 237

; vi. of Bologna every centenary of Rossini's ; ;
133, 193-230 xiv. 147 xx. 279 Allgem. death, and at no other place and on no
; ; ;
mus. Zeitg., i. 147, 178 iv. 2, 23 xxv. other occasion. The numbers were as- ; ;
685 ; 729 xxix. 519 xxx. 209

xxviii. 105, ; ; ;
signed as follows I. : Requiem seternam,
xli. 81, 317 xlii. 54 Berliner mus. Zeitg.
; ; in G minor, Buzzola ; 11. Dies ir?o, in C
(1825), 370, 378, 389 Neue Zeits., x. 10 ; ;
minor, Bazziui ; III. Tuba mirum, in E-flat
Grove, iii. 110 Upton, Standard Oratorios, ; minor, Pedrotti ; IV. Quid sum miser, in
230. V. Recordare, in F, Ricci A-flat, Cagnoni ;
REQUIEM, Missa pro Defunctis, by Pa- VI. Ingemisco, in A minor. Mini VII. Con- ;
lestrina. This work, which is very beauti- futatis, in D, Bouclienon VIII. Lacrymosa, ;
ful, was left incomplete by the composer. in G and C minor, Coccia IX. Domine ;
It consists of the Kyrie, in which the Plain Jesvi, in C, Gaspari X. Sanctus, in D-flat, ;
Cliaunt of the Credo is so plaintive and ten- Platania ; XI. Agiuis Dei, in F, Petrella ;
der that almost conceals the enormous XII. Lux fcterna, in A-flat, Mabollini and
it ;
skill displayed in the contrapuntal treat- Xm. Libera me, in C minor, Verdi.
ment ; the Offertorium ; Sanctus ; Benedic- When put together the numbers were found
tus and the Agnus Dei. The other num-
; to be so different in treatment and style,
bers are supposed to have been sung in that the work was condemned as incohe-
unison Plain Chaunt, still the custom at rent and so wanting in unity that the MSS.
Roman funerals, but Palestrina has left two were returned to the various composers.
settings of the Libera me, in which the Signor Mazzucato, who examined the
Gregorian melody is exquisitely treated. Requiem, was so impressed with Verdi's
One of these MSS. is in the Archives of the contribution that he entreated him to com-
Pontifical Chapel, the other in the Rome ; pose an entire Requiem, and on the death
Latcran Basilica. Tliis work was first pub- of his friend, the poet Manzoni, in 1873,
lislicd as a supplement to the third edition Verdi wrote this work, to which he trans-
of Palestrina's Book of Masses " First ferred the Libera me originally intended
(Rome, 1591). was reprinted by Alfieri It for the Requiem of Rossini. It has been
in his " Raccolta di Musica Sacra," vol. I. enthusiastically praised by Verdi's admir-
(1S41) by Lafagc, " Cinq ^Messes de Pales-
; ers and enthusiastically denounced by the
trina," published by Launer & Cie. (Paris), German critics. Hans von Biilow calls it
204
REQUIEM
an " opera in ecclesiastical costume." I. one of Schumann's most delicate and sym-
Requiem and Kyrie (quartet and chorus) ;
pathetic compositions. First published by
II. Dies Ir?e (chorus), Tuba Mirum (chorus), Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic). Breitkopf &
Liber scrij^tus and fugue), Quid
(chorus Hilrtel, Schumann "Werke, Serie ix., Xo. 6.
sum miser (trio for soprano, alto, and — Reissmann, Schumann, 180 ; Neue
tenor), Rex ti-emendre (quartet and cho- Zeitschr., xxxv. 219.
rus), Recordare (duo for soprano and RESTA, O CARA, aria for soprano with
alto with chorus), Ingemisco (tenor solo), orchestra, in C, by Mozart, composed for
Confutatis (bass solo), Lacrymosa (quartet Mine Duschek in Prague, Nov. 3, 1787.
and chorus) III. Domine Jesu (quartet) Breitkopf k Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie
;
;
IV. Sanctus (fugued double chorus) V. vi., No. 37. Kuchel, Verzeichniss, 528
; — ;
Agnus Dei (duo for soprano and alto with Jahn, INIozart, iv. 304.
chorus) ; VI. Lux soterna (trio for alto, tenor, RESURRECTION, THE, oratorio in two
and bass) ; VII. Libera me (solo for so- parts, text by Dr. E. G. ^Monk, music by Sir
prano, chorus, and final fugue). This work George Alexander Macfarren, first per-
was given in Paris under Verdi's direction, formed at the Birmingham (England) Festi-
June 4, 1874 in London at the Royal Al- val in August, 1876. It was sung by Mr.
;
bert Hall, under Verdi's direction. May 1.5, Santley, Mr. Lloyd, Mme Lemmens, and
1875.— Grove, iv. 252 Upton, Standard Ora- Mme Patey, and conducted by Walter Mac-
;
torios, 303 Athenseum (1875), i. 6G4, farren, brother of the composer.

; Other
696. oratorios on this subject: in German by
REQUIEM for six voices, composed by Eberlin, Salzburg, about 1756 in English ;
Vittoria, for the funeral of the Empress by Samuel Arnold, London, 1777. Athen- —
Maria, the widow of Maximilian 11., in 1603. a'um (1876), ii. 314.
This is the composer's last work of impor- RESURREZIONE, LA, (The Resurrec-
tance, and it is considered the "greatest tion), Italian oratorio in two parts, text
triumph of his genius." The full title is founded on Scriptural narrative, music by
" Officiura Defunctorum sex vocibus, in Handel. The author of the simple and dra-
obitu et obsequiis Sacrse Imperatricis," and matic libretto is unknown. This, Handel's
it consists of a 6-part Missa pro defunctis first oratorio, differs but slightly from the
;
a 6-part Versa est in luctum a 6-part Re- ordinary operas of that period. It is dated
;
sponsorium. Libera and a 4-part Lectio, " Roma la Festa di Pasque dal Marche, e
;
Tjcdet anima. The movements are based Ruspoli (11 d' Aprile) 1768." It was written
on the Cantus firmus, but the music is sur- in the palace of the Marchese di Ruspoli, and
prisingly modern on account of its power- is supposed to have been first performed in
ful harmony. The score, dedicated to the the palace of Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni.
Princess Margaret, daughter of the Em- The first violin part, which is of special
press, was published in Madrid in 1603. prominence, is said to have been played
The Lectio was reprinted by Joseph Schrems by Corelli. The string orchestra is some-
in continuation of Proske's "Musicadivina" times divided into six parts, the first and
(Ratisbon, 1869).— Grove, iii. 139 ; iv. second violins being subdivided. Charac-
316.
REQUIEM FUR MIGNON, for soli, cho- ters represented Angelo (S.) ^laddaloiia
: ;
rus, and orchestra, text from Goethe's (S.) Cleofc (A.) San Giovanni (T.) Luci-
; ; ;
" Wilhelm Meister," music by Schumann, fero (B.) and Voce (S.). The original ;
op. 98 B, composed in 1849, and first per- score, in Buckingham Palace, was first i)ub-
formed at Diisseldorf, Nov. 21, 1850. It lished by Arnold (London, 17i)7) Clny- ;
was first given in America l)y the Arion sandor's edition for the German Hiindel-
Club, Providence, Dec. 2, 1885. This is gcsellschaft, Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Loijisic,
!M)6
; ;
RE TEODORO
1878).— Chiysander, Hiindel, i. Rock- same position at the Kiirnthnerthor Theater
21-4 ;
stro, 52 ; Schoelclier, 19. in 1830-54:, and retired to his native city,
RP. TEODORO m VENEZL\, IL (King devoting himself exclusively to composition.

Theodore in Venice), Italian opera buffa, Works Operas — Ulysses Die Ri'iuber-
: ;
text by Casti, music by Paisiello, first rep- liijhle Der blinde Harfncr, Die Feuer-
;
resented in Vienna, Aug. 23, 1784. This braut, given at Trieste, 1829 Alfred der ;
oi)era, which contains some of the com- Grosse, Vienna, 1840 Der letzte Graf von ;
I)oser's best music, was written for the Em- Anxor. Ballets, 1830-30 Die Vestalin :
peror of Austria, Joseph 11. The septet Clorinde Oberon Der Kobold Sophie,
; ; ;
became very popular. The work was given Grossf iirstin von Moskau Der Rekrut ;
at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris, Feb. 21, Die Heimkehr etc. Many operettas, pan-
;
1789. The hero is Theodorich, Iving of tomimes, and Singspiele Fest-Ouvertiire ; ;
the Goths, called by the German Minne- Conzert-Ouvertiire Adagio et Rondo con- ;
singer, Dietrich von Bern. Other Italian certant, for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, and
operas on this subject Teodorico, by Gio- bassoon, with orchestra
: Octet for piano- ;
vanni Porta, text by Sah-i, Venice, 1720 forte, strings, flute, clarinet, and horn
;
3 ;
by Giuseppe Maria Buiui, Bologna, 1729 R quartets for pianoforte and strings 3 trios
; ;
Teodoro, by Stefano Pavesi, text by Rossi, for do. Other chamber music Cantatas,
; ;
Venice, 1813 and II re Teodoro in Venezia, and choruses for male and mixed voices.
;
by Luigi Fiuali, Parma, December, 1826. Wurzbach.—

"return, oh god OF HOSTS, alto REUTER, ROM ANUS, born at Kallmiinz,
aria of Micah, in E-flat major, with accom- near Ratisbon, in 1755, died in the Abbey
paniment of two violins and bass, in Han- of Priifening in 1806. Benedictine monk ;
del's Samson, Act H., Scene 1. Published at first a choir boy in the Abbey of Priife-
also separately, with the accompaniment ning, then pupil of Schuhbauer in the semi-
filled out by Otto Dresel (Leipsic, Breit- nary at Neuburg on the Danube. Having
kopf it Hiirtel). studied philosophy at Amberg, he entered
REUBKE, JULIUS, born at Hausnein- the Abbey of his order, and greatly im-
dorf, near Quedliuburg, March 23, 1836, proved the standard of the much neglected
died at Pillnitz, Saxony, June 3, 1858. choir. Works Naboth's Weinberg, melo-
:
Pianist, pupil of Kullak, and in composi- drama Masses, motets, sonatas for harpsi-
;
tion of Marx in Berlin, then studied under chord. —

Fetis Mendel. ;
Liszt at Weimar, and became one of his REUTTER, GEORG, the elder, born in
favourite pupils. Works Gi'and sonata for Vienna in 1656, died there, Aug. 29, 1738.
:
pianoforte (dedicated to Liszt) Psalm xciv. Organist and theorbist, became organist of
;
Sonata for organ, etc. His brother Otto St. Stephen's in 1686 played the theorbo ;
(born Nov. 2, 18'42), is virtuoso on the organ in the court chapel in 1697-1703 was ;
and pianoforte, pupil of Billow and Marx, made court and chamber organist in 1700 ;
and lives at Halle as conductor of a musical succeeded Fux as Kapellmeister at the

society. Gnadenbild of St. Stephen's in 1712, and
RELTIilNG, WILHELM, born at Darm- tkree years later was appointed Kapell-
stadt, Dec. 22, 1802, died at Munich, April meister of the Cathedral itself. In 1695
27, 1877. Dramatic composer, pupil of he was made a knight in Rome by Count
Rinck, then in Vienna of Seyfried and of Francesco Sfoi'za. Works Miserere a due :
Emanuel FOrster. The gi-eat success of con air uso romano Organ toccatas and ;
some compositions for the Josephstadt fugues in manuscript Requiem and mass ;
Theater led to his appointment in 1829 in Berlin Libi-ary. ^Mendel Wurzbach — ; ;
as its Kapellmeister. Ho occupied the Riemann Gerber Schilling. ; ;
206
;
REUTTER
REUTTER, GEORG (KARL), the— Clement et Larousse, 810; Atbenreum
youuger, born in Vienna, April 6, 1708, (1870), i. 31.
died there, March 12, 1772. Son and pupil REVENGE, THE, ballad for chorus and
of Georg Reutter, was appointed in 1731 orchestra, text from Tennyson, music by
court composer. In 1738 he succeeded his Charles Villiers Stanford, first performed
father as Kapellmeister of St. Stephen's, in at Leeds, England, Oct. 1-4, 188G. Pub-
1746 became second court Kapellmeister, lished by Novello (London). — Athenaum
acted from 1751 as chief court Kapellmeis- j
(1886), ii. 541.
ter, and received the title in 1769 on the REVENGE, TIMOTHEUS CRIES, bass
death of Predieri. It was during his time aria in D major, with accompaniment of
that the court chapel of Vienna sank to its trumpet, 2 oboes, and strings complete, in
lowest ebb of efficiency, con- Handel's Alexander's Feast, Part H., No.
partly in ^
sequence of administrative changes. He 12. The second part of this air, Behold
engaged the boy Haydn for the choir of a ghastly band, in G minor (marked No.
St. Stephen's, and treated him very badly. 13, as a separate air, in Mozart's score), is
In 1731 he married the singer, Theresia accompanied by two violas, violonceUi ri-
Holzhauser, and in 1740 he was ennobled. pieni, three bassoons, and bass.
His compositions were more showy than REY, JEAN BAPTISTE, born at Lau-
substantial, and are now almost forgotten. zerte (Tarn-et-Garonne), Dec. 18, 1734, died
Works La forza dell' amicizia, opera (with in Paris, July 15, 1810. Dramatic com-
:
Caldara), Vienna, 1728 La pazienza di poser, educated at the Abbey of Saint-

;
Socrate con due mogii, a dramatic diver- Sernin, where he was a choir boy. At
tissement (do.), 1731 Le Cinesi, operetta the age of seventeen he became maitre
;
in one act, text by Metastasio, Vienna, de chapelle of the cathedral at Auch, and
1735 La gara, operetta in one act, text
;
in 1754 chef d'orchestre at the opera in
by Metastasio, Vienna, 1755 La divina ;
Toulouse. Having filled similar positions
Providenza in Ismael, oratorio R ritorno ;
at Montpellier, Marseilles, Bordeaux, and
di Tobia, do.; Bel alia liberata, do., 1734 ;
Nantes until 1776, he was summoned to
Masses Augurio di felicitu, cantata for thi-ee
; Paris, where he conducted the Opera orches-
tra for thirty years, at first assisting
^^cy^l9^ In 1781-85 he conducted

Francoeur, and from 1781 as his suc-
cessor.
Concerts Spirituels, and in
^^îxaJ/^î^lCv ^^^^ ^^®
» ^
1779 was appointed director of the
voices, text by Metastasio, Schonbrunn, chamber music by Louis XVI.
He lost
1749 Other cantatas for different occasions his
;
post through the Revolution, but was
Motets, and other music. — Wurzbach ;
Men- elected a member of the administrative
del Schilling
; ;
Burney, committee of the Opera in 1792, and ap-
Riemann ; Fetis ;
Present State of Music in Germany, i. 356. pointed professor at the Conservatoii-c in

R:^VE D'AMOUR (A Dream of Love), 1794. As an adherent of Ramcau's and an
opera-comique in three acts, text by Den- opponent of Catcl's system, he was pensioned
nery and Cormon, music by Auber, first at the reduction of the faculty in 1802,
but
represented at the Opera Comique, Paris, in 1804 was appointed maitre do chapelle
Dec. 20, 1809. This is Aubcr's last opera. by Napoleon. Works ApoUon et Coronis, :
Capoul, Gailhard, Saintc-Foy, Prilleux, Paris, 1781 Diane et Endymion, ib., 1791 ; ;
Mile Priola, Mile Girard, and mie Nau 3d act to Sacchini's Arvirc cd Evelina Bal- ;
appeared in the original cast. The opera let music in Salieri's Tarare do. in Sac- ;
was given in London in December, 1869. chini's (Edipe a Colouo Classes with or- ;
207
; ;
RET
chestra, motets, etc. His brother, Louis of Mme Farrenc, his aunt. He is deemed,
Charles Josejih (1738-1811), was for forty by his countrymen, one of the most prom-
years violoucellist at the Opera in Pai*is, inent r e p r e s e n t a -
and published trios and duos for violin and tives of the modern
violoncello. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Kiemaun. French romantic
KEY, JEAN ETIENNE, born at Tou- school. As a writer
louse, Aug. 3, 1832, still living-, 1890. Dra- he has won reputation
matic composer, pupil at the Conservatoire, as a worthy successor
Paris, of Carafa in composition, and of of Berlioz, whom he
Ruvial in singing ; obtained an accessit de replaced as librarian
chant in 185'1, and in 1855 married IVIlle of the Grand Opera.
Balla, the singer, who had won in 1854 the He is also musical edi-
second prize. In the following year she tor of the Journal des
was awarded the first prize in singing in Debats, where he succeeded d'Ortigue, who
opera and opOra-comique, and received a followed Berlioz in that position. His prin-
promising engagement to travel. Her hus- cipal articles have been published under
band thenceforth gave up his own profes- the title " Notes de musique " (Paris, 1875).
sional career as a singer,
and while travelling Member of the Academy, 187G Legion of ;
mth her through Belgium, Spain, Italy, Honour, 18G2, Officer, 1886. Works— Ope-
and Portugal, gave much time to composi- ras : Maitre Wolfram, Theatre Lyrique,
tion, some of his best works being brought 1854, Opera Comique, 1873 La statue, ib.,
;
out in the i^rincipal cities of those countries. 18G1, Opera Comique, 1878 Sacountala,;
After her death he remained in Paris, de- ballet, 1858, Erodrate, Baden-Baden, 1862,
voting himself to composition in various Paris, 1871 ;Sigurd, Theatre de la Monnaie,
branches. Works Operas —
La gitana, Brussels, : 1884, Opera, Paris, 1885 ; Sa-
Bordeaux, 18G1: ; J'ai couj)e le roi ; L'a- lammbo, founded on Flaubert's romance,
mour viilageois ; Stribor ; Le talisman des Theatre de la Monnaie, Brussels, Feb. 1,
sultanes, opura-bouffe ; Balthazar ; Irene. 1890. Vicloire, cantata, Paris, 1859 Le ;
Le martyre de Saint-Saturuin, oratorio, Tou- Selam, ode-symphony, 1850 L'union des

;
louse, 185G Choruses for 4 male voices

; arts, hymn ; Salve Regiua Ave Maria O
; ;
12 sacred melodies for one voice Sacred ; salutaris, etc. —Fetis ; Supplement, ii. ?
choruses for 4 male voices and other vocal ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 313 Riemann.
;
music in every style Requiem mass for 4 RHAPSODIE D'AUVERGNE, for piano-
;
male voices, and other church music 7 forte and orchestra, in C, by Saint-Saens, 02).;
symphonies for orchestra Many pieces for 73. The score, dedicated to Louis Diemer,
;
pianoforte, violin, and other instruments. is published by Durand, Schoenewerk & Cie
He has pubHshed also a Methode de chant, (Paris).
and easy sonatas for the pianoforte, and RHAPSODIES HONGROISES (Hun-
viohu, for beginners, etc.— Fetis, Supple- garian Rhapsodies), fifteen works for the
ment, ii. 40G ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 385. pianoforte by Franz Liszt. I. in E-flat,
BEYEK, LOUIS £tIENNE ERNEST H. in C-sharp dedicated to E. Zerdaheli ;
(Rey, called), born at Marseilles, Dec. 1, minor and F-sharp, dedicated to Count La-
1823, still living, 1890. Dramatic composer, dislas Teleki, also for four hands, and an
and writer on music, pupil at Barsotti's easy edition for two hands HI. in B-fiat, ;
music school in Marseilles entered the dedicated to Count Leo Festetics

; IV. in ;
government service in Algiers and did not E flat, dedicated to Count Casimir Eszter-
take up music as a profession until 1848, hj'izy V. Hi'roide elegiaque in E minor, ;
when he went to Paris, and became a pupil dedicated to the Countess Sidonie Reviczky
20S
;
RHAW
VI. in D-flat, dedicated toCount Antoine '
the occasion of Luther and Eck's disputa-
d'Apponyi VII. in D minor, dedicated to
; tion. In 1524 he established a printing
Baron Fery Orczj- Vm. in F-sharp minor, ; jjress atWittenberg, principally for bring-
dedicated to M. A, d'Augusz IX. in E-flat, ; ing out the works of Protestant composers.
Le carnaval de Pestb, dedicated to H. W. He also published a theoretical work, En-
Ernst X. Preludio in E, dedicated to
; chiridion musices (1518-20). — FOtis ; Men-
Egressy Bony; XI. in A minor, dedicated del ; Riemann.
to Baron Fery Orczy XII. in C-sharp minor, ;
j
RHEIN, CHARLES LAURENT, born at
dedicated to Josef Joachim XIU. in A ;
j
Toulouse, Feb. 24, 1798, died in Paris, Oc-
minor, dedicated to Count Leo Festetics I
tober, 18G4. Pianist, nephew of the flutist
XrV. in F minor, dedicated to Hans von Friedrich Rhein (1771-98) ; first instructed
I
Billow XV. in A minor, Rakuczy-Marsch.

: by his father, a pianist and oboe player,
Nos. I.and 11. published by B. Senfif (Leip- then pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of
sic) ; No. n. arranged for orchestra by K. Pradher on the pianoforte, of Dourlen in
Miiller-Berghaus (ib.) ; Nos. Ill, IV., V., VI., harmony, and of Reicha in composition.
and VII. published by C. Haslinger (Vienna), In 1817 he won the second prize for piano-
and by Schlesinger (Berlin) Nos. VIII, IX., ; forte, in1818 the first, and then taught un-
and X. by Schott (Mainz) and Nos. XL, XII., ; til 1832 in Paris. After a concert tour
Xin., XIV., and XV. by Schlesinger (Ber- through the south of France, he settled in
lin). Nos. XI., Xn., XIII., XIV., and XV. are 183G at Bordeaux, then lived at Lyons, and
arranged for the pianoforte for four hands afterwards returned to Paris. Works So- :
by F. G. Janseu (Schlesinger, Berlin) No. ; natas for pianoforte and violin Rondoletto ;
XV. for eight hands by August Horn (ib.) ;

for do. Duos for do. Sonatas for piano-
; ;
and No. XII. for violin and pianoforte by forte and flute Duos for harp and piano-
;
J. Joachim (Schuberth, Leij)sic). Nos. 11., forte Duos, fantaisies, rondeaux, etudes,
;
v., VI., IX., XII, and XIV. were arranged for etc., for pianoforte. —Fetis.
full orchestra by Franz Liszt and F. Dop- RHEINBERGER, JOSEPH (GABRIEL),
pler ; I. F minor, dedicated to
(No. XIV.), in born at Vaduz, in the
Hans von Billow H. (No. XH.), transposed
;
principality of Liech-
to D minor, dedicated to J. Joachim HI. ;
tenstein, March 17,
(No. VI.), transposed to D, dedicated to 1839, still living,
Count Antoine d'Apponyi IV. (No. II.), ; 1890. The son of
transposed to D minor and G, dedicated to the receiver of rev-
Count Ladislas Teleki enues for the princi-
; V. (No. V.), in E
minor, dedicated to Sidonie Reviczky and pality, he began to ;
VI. (No. IX.), transposed to D, dedicated to play the pianoforte at

H. W. Ernst, Pester Carnaval. Published the age of five, and at '
'
by Schuberth (Leij^sic). Arrangement for seven played the organ quite well, and hud
the pianoforte for four hands by Liszt (ib.) already tried his hand at composition. Ho
for eight hands by August Horn. —Neue studied first under Puhly, then at the Royal
Zeitschr., xli. 2G0 ; Weitzmann, Geschichte Music School in Munich, in 1851-58, under
des Clavierspiels, 161. Herzog, Leonhard, and J. J. Maier. After
RHAW (Rhau), GEORG, born at Eisfeld, graduation ho became teacher of pianoforte
Franconia, in 1488, died in Wittenberg, at the Music School, and in 1859 teacher of
Aug. Church composer, cantor
G, 15-48. theory. Shortly before this he was ap-
until 1520 at the Thomasschule in Leipsic, pointed organist at the Hofkirche of St.
where a mass for twelve voices and a To Michael, and director of the Oratorieuvercin.
Deum of his composition were executed on From 18G5 to 18G7 ho was repctitor at the
200
; ;
EHEINEK
Court Opera, and, ou relinquisliiug this flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, and
post,was made professor aud inspector at strings, op. 139 Theme with 50 variations ;
the Music School, aud Hof-Kapellmeister, for string quartet, op. Gl Quartet in E- ;
conducting the choir of the royal chapel, flat, for pianoforte, violin, viola, and violon-
but not the opera. He has for years taught cello, op. 38 Symphonische Souate for pi- ;
composition and advanced organ playing anoforte, op. 47 9 Organ sonatas Much ; ;
at the Music School, and

counts many of the j'oung-
er generation of German
and American composers
among his pupils, notably
George W. Chadwick aud
Horatio W. Parker. Kheinberger has long pianoforte music, songs, and part-songs.
stood in the front rank of contemporary — Riemann Supplunient Grove.
; Fetis, ;
German composers although his talent ; RHEINEK, CHRISTOPH, born at Mem-

is not marked by especial originality, mingen, Nov. 1, 1748, died there in 1796.
and one finds a certain dryness of inspira- Dramatic composer, entered upon a com-
tion in much that he has written, his un- mercial career, lived for some time at Lyons
usually solid musical education, and his and in Paris, then returned to his native
rare mastery over the technique of com- place to keep an inn lefthim by his father.
position, have gone far to compensate his Works Le nouveau Pygmalion, opera-co-
:
natural shortcomings. His writing, too, mique, Lyons Le fils reconnaissaut, do., ib.
;
is marked by great refinement, and sound Einaldo, grand opera (German), Memmin-
musicianly feeling. He has not been a gen, 1779 ; Der Todesgang Jesu, oratorio,
very voluminous composer, his most note- 4 1778 ; Mass ; 6 concertos for pianoforte ;
worthy works being Christoforus, or- : Mendel. collections of songs, etc. — Fc'tis ;
atorio, op. 120 Toggenburg, cantata, op.

; RHEINGOLD, DAS (The Rhine-Gold),
76 Waldmorgen, do. Kliirchen auf Eber- music drama in four scenes, by Richard
; ;
stein, do., op. 97 Konig Erich, ballad, Wagner, first represented (without the au-
;
for chorus with pianoforte, op. 71 Witte- thor's authorization) at the Hofoper in ]\Iu-
;
kind, do., op. 102 Das Tlial des Espingo, nich, Sept. 22, 1869 the first regular per-
; ;
do. ; Kequiem for those who fell in the formance was at Bayreuth, Aug. 13, 1876.
Franco-Prussian War, op. 60 2 ; Stabat The first drama (Vorabend) in Der Ring des
Mater Mass for double chorus, dedicated
; Nibelungen. The original Munich cast was
to Leo XIII., op. 109 Die sieben Eaben, ; as follows :
romantic opera, op. 20, Munich, May 23,

1869 Music to Calderon's Miigico prodi-
; Wotan August Kindermann.
gioso, op. 30 do. to Raimund's Die unheil-
; Donner Herr Heinrich.
bringende Krone Thiirmer's T()chterlein,
; Froh Franz Nachbaur.
comic opera, op. 70, Munich, April 23, 1873 Loge Heinrich Vogl.
Wallenstein, symphonisches TongemJilde, op. Alberich Emil Fischer.
10 ; Florentinische Sinfonie ; Fantasia for Mime Carl Schlosser.
orchestra, op. 79 Concerto for pianoforte Fasolt
; Herr Polzer.
and orchestra in A- flat, op. 94
do. for or- Fafner ; Herr Bausewein.
gan, strings, and 3 horns Overture to Fricka ; Frl. Stehle.
Der Widerspenstigen Ziihmung (Taming Freia , Frl. Miiller.
of the Shrew), op. 17 ; Do. to Demetrius, Erda Frl. Seehof er.
op. 110 ; 7'n'H??!/;/i-0uvertiire ; Nonet for Woirlinde
210
KHEINGOLD
Wellgunde Frau Vogel. themselves first into clouds, then into a
'
riosshilde Frl. Kitter. lighter and lighter mist, which at length
The original Bayreuth cast was evaporates, and discloses to view the new-
:
built castle Valhalla, glistening in the

Wotan Franz Betz.
morning light, while across the Rhine val-
Donner Eugen Gura.
ley lie Wotan, chief of the gods, and his
Froli Georg Unger.
Loge Heinrich Vogl.
spouse Fricka, asleep. On awaking, Wotan
is lost in joyous contemplation of tbe castle,
Albericb Carl Hill.
which the Giants have just built him but
Mime Carl Scblosser. ;
Fasolt Albert Filers.

Fafner Franz von Reicbenberg.
Fricka Friedericke Griin.
Freia Marie Haupt.
Erda Luise Jaide.
Wogliude Lilli Lebmann.
Wellgunde Marie Lebmann.
Flossbilde Minna Lammert.
In tbe deptbs of tbe Rbine lies a nugget of

gold, jealouslyguarded by tbe tbree Kbiue-
daugbters, Woglinde, Wellgunde, and Floss-
bilde. Wboever sball gain possession of tbis
gold, and fasbion it into a ring, sball bave
supreme power over tbe world but only ;
be wbo bas first forsworn love can compass

tbe cbarm by wbicb tbe ring is to be made.
Tbe first scene of tbe drama opens on tbe
bottom of tbe Rbine tbe Rbine-daugbters
;
are seen swimming in sportive gambols

around tbe Rbeiugold, wbicb rests on tbe
top of a bigb cliff. Soon ajipears Albericb,
tbe Nibeluug, and, attracted by tbe beaut}^
of tbe girls, be makes love first to one, tben
to anotber of tbem. Tbey treat bis ad-
dresses witb scorn, and, as tbe Rbeingold
begins to glow witb a magical effulgence,
join together in singing praises of its secret
Carl Hill, as Alberich.
power, feeling sure tbat tbeir treasure is
safe from anyone of Albericb's amorous the anxious Fricka reminds him of the re-
disposition. But tbe Nibelung, stung to promised the Giants.
ward be bas foolishly
This reward is nothing less than the person
frenzy by tbeir taunts, and bis innate greed
of power stimulated by wbat be bas beard,of Freia, goddess of Youth. Soon Freia
herself rushes in for protection from tlio
clambers up tbe cliff, seizes upon tbe gold,
renounces love for evermore, and plunges two Giants, Fasolt and Fafner, who come
headlong witb bis prize into tbe darkest to claim her of Wotan, according to the
contract, the terms of which are graven on
deptbs of tbe rivei', followed by the Rhine-
daughters' shrieks of dismay. The waters tlic sliaft of Wotan's spear, and wliicli can-
roll tumultuously downward, and resolve not be broken, save by the consent of both
211
RHEINGOLD
parties, solong as the spear lasts. Wotau The two Giants come to return Freia, and
knows not -svliatto do for lie never intended claim the Treasure, and it is agreed that
;
to give up Freia, but was persuaded into they shall have as much of the latter as will
the contract with the Giants by Loge, the suffice to cover up Freia. It takes the
god (or demigod) of Fire, who promised to whole, and more, for Wotan has to add the
tind some way to help him out when the Tarnhelm to the pile, and at last even the
time came. Soon, however, Loge is seen Ring, being advised thereto by the old
coming up from the river, and Wotan goddess Erda, who appears to him and
harshly upbraids him for leaving him in the warns him not to keep the Ring that Albe-
lurch. Loge rei)lies that he has been all rich had cursed. As soon as Freia is thus
over the world to find sometliing that the ransomed, the Giants quarrel between them-
Giants would accept in Freia's stead, but selves about the division of their booty,
that he found that nothing in water, on and Fafner strikes Fasolt dead with his
earth, or in air would ever give up the love staff, the first effect of Alberich's curse.
of woman. The Rhine-daughters, however, As Fafner goes off with the Treasure, Don-
had told him of one Alberich, who had for-
sworn the love of woman, and made himself
a magic ring, by the power of which he had
amassed great treasure of gold and precious
stones, and now ruled over all Nibelheim.
Fasolt and Fafner, hearing of this treasure,
and of the new power of their old enemy
Alberich, tell Wotan that they will give ujd
Freia he will get the Nibeluug's treasure
if
for them. Tliis AVotan, after some demur,

and still advised by Loge, agrees to do.
The Giants withdraw, taking Freia with
them as an hostage, and Wotan and Loge
descend together into Nibelheim. Here Fanny Moran-Olden.
they soon find Alberich in his glory he ;
has the Ring on his finger, has forced his ner, the god of Storms, summons up a
brother. Mime, to make him a Tarnhelm, or mighty thunder-storm, and when it has
cap-of-darkness, and is obeyed by all the subsided a rainbow bridge is seen leading
Nibelungs. But Loge's cunning is too much across the Rhine Valley up to the gates of
for him,and he soon finds himself bound, Valhalla. Wotan, who has been sunk in
a prisoner of the two gods, who drag him thought, suddenly leads the way, as if hav-
up out of Nibelheim, to where Fricka and ing formed a great, secret determination,
the other gods are a-waiting their return. and the gods cross the bridge together,
Alberich has to summon all the Nibelungs Loge following at a distance ;
just as they
to bring the Treasure, and lay Wotan's set foot upon the bridge the voices of the
it at
feet ;next he has to give up the Tarnhelm, Rhine-daughters are heard, bewailing their
and then Wotan wrenches the Ring itself loss of the Gold. The most notable pas-
from his finger, and puts it on his own. sages in the music are the orchestral intro-
The hapless Nibelung is unbound, and told duction, which is a marvel of instrumenta-
to go his way. Alberich, mad with help- tion, and, although 13G measui'es long, runs
less rage, curses the Ring to bring misfort- throughout in the chord of E-flat major ;
une, death, and destruction upon everyone The Rhine-daughters' terzets " Rheingold : !
into whose hands it comes, and then departs. leuchtende Lust," in Scene 1, and "Rhein-
212
" :;
RHEINISCIIE
gold ! Gold
" at the close of Scene
reines !
RIARIO SFORZA, II duca GIOVANNI,
4 Wo tan's apostroi^he to Valhalla "VoU-
; : born in Naples, May 21, 1769, died there (?),
endet das ewige Werk " and Loge's narra- ! Dec. 4, 1836. Amateur composer, attained
tive " Immer ist Undank Loge's Lohn
:
!
the rank of captain in the navy, but left the
in Scene 2 the thunder-storm and the rain-
; service on the death of his eldest brother,
bow-music in Scene 4. Das llheingold was and devoted himself to music. Works
firstgiven in America at the Metropolitan Piranio e Tisbe, opera Safib, do. Arniida, ; ;
Gjêra House in New York, Jan. 3, 1889, dramatic scene Mass for 4 voices, chorus, ;
with Emil Fischer as Wotan, Max Alvary and orchestra Salve Regina, for 3 voices ;
as Loge, Joseph Beck as Alberich, Fanny and orchestra Tantum ergo, for bass and ;
Moran-Glden as Fricka, and Sophie Traub- orchestra Dixit, for bass, chorus, and or- ;
mann, Felice Koschoska, and Hedwig Reil gan Stabat Mater, for 3 voices, and do. ; ;
as the Rhine-daughters. Text-book pub- Magnificat, for chorus (4 parts) a cappella.

lished by Schott (Mainz, 1869) full and pi- Fotis Mendel. ;
— ;
anoforte score, Schott (ib.) ; score for piano- RICCARDO 1°., Italian opera in three
forte, four hands, by A. Heinz, Schott (ib., acts, text by Paolo Rolli, music by Handel,
1878).— HansHck,ModerneGper, 306 ; Sig- first represented at the King's Theatre,
nale (1869), No. 46, No. 49 ; Neue Zeitschr. Loudon, Nov. 11, 1727. Characters repre-
(1869), 315, 324, 344; Mus. Wochenblatt sented : Riccardo, King of England (C.) ;
(1871), 210; (1875), 565; (1876), 366;

(1887), 257, 269, 373, 349, 281, 289, 301,
386, 545; Bayreuther Bliitter (1880), 144,
149, 193, 301; Glasenapp, Wagner,
252,
i. 357, 368 Wagner, 191 Clement
; Jullieu, ;
et Larousse, 871 Krehbiel, Review (1888-;
89), 50.
RHEINISCHE SINFGNIE (Rhenish or
Cologne Symphony) for orchestra, in E-flat,
by Schumann, op. 97, first performed in Diis-
seldorf, Feb. 6, 1851. This, which Schumann
numbers as his third symphony, was written
between Nov. 2 and Dec. 9, 1850, and he
records that it was intended to convey the
impressions which he received during a visit
Faustina Botdoni.
to Cologne. It was first given in Cologne,
Feb. 25, 1851 at the Gewandhaus, Leip-
; Costanza, Princess of Navarre, his wife (S.) ;
sic, Dec. 8, 1851 and first in Loudon at a

; Berardo, cousin and tutor to Costanza (B.)
concert given by Signor Arditi, Dec. 4, Isacio, tyrant of Cyprus (B.) Pidcheria, ;
1865. L Lebhaft H. Scherzo III. Nicht ; ; his daughter (S.) ; and Oronte, Prince of
schnell IV. Feierlich
; V. Lebhaft. Pub- ; Syria (A.). The original cast included Sene-
lished by Simrock (Bonn, 1851) Breitkopf ; sino, for whom the part of Riccardo, one of
& Hilrtel, Schumann Werke, Serie I., No. 3. Handel's finest and most difficult roles, was
Arranged for the pianoforte for four hands written Signora Cuzzoni, Costanza
; and ;
by Carl Reinecke, for two pianofortes for Signora Faustina, Pulchcria. The opera
eight hands by Ph. Lampe, and for piano- was given in Hamburg in 1729. Costanzji's
forte solo by J. B. Krall. Reissmann, — aria, "Caro vieiii," was sung by ^liss Can-
Schumann, 182 INIaitlaud, do., 82 Neuo; ; tello at the Handel Comnu'iiiorafion, May
Zeitschr., xxxv. 278. 22, 1784. The original autograph, in Biick-
S13
RICCI
iugbam dated "Fine dell' opera, Vienna, 1852 H paniere d' amore, ib., 1853
Palace, ; ;
May and dedicated to George XL, Una follia a Roma, Paris, 1869 Le docteur
16, 1727," ;
was first published by CI uer (Londou, 1727) Rose, Uue fete a Venise, ib., 1872
;
and ;
and "Airs for the Flute," from this work, the operas written with his brother. La
was printed by Walsh (ib., 1728) Chry- felicitata, cantata, Genoa, 1842 6 masses,
; ;
sander's edition for the Hiindelgesellschaft 6 albums or collections of vocal pieces

by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1877). and many detached songs and albums of
— Chrysander, Handel, ii, 177 Rockstro, songs. Fetis
; do.. Supplement, ii. 412 — ; ;
155 ;Barney, iv. 326 Burney, Handel

; Florimo, Cenni storici nella scuola musicale
Commemoration, 51. di Napoli Riemaun Mendel Clement, ; ; ;
RICCI, FEDERIGO, born at Naples, Mus. celebres, 508.

Oct. 22, 1809, died RICCI, LUIGI, born in Naples, June 8,
at Conegliauo, Dec. 1805, died in
10, 1877. Dramatic Prague, Dec. 30,
composer, brother 1859. Dramatic
of Luigi Ricci, pu- composer, pujiil at
pil at the Conservato- the Conservatorio
rio di San Pietro a di San Pietro a
jNIajella, Naples, of Majella of Gio-
Furno, Bellini, vanni Furno and
Raimondi, and Zin- Zingarelli ; studied
garelli,but left before his studies were for a while under
completed in order to join his brother. A Generali, who also
very strong tie existed between the two, and helped him with
in the operas which they afterwards wrote advice when he wrote his first opera, L' im-
together their styles resemble each other so presario in angustie, performed in 1823
closely that it is impossible to find where by the students at the Conservatorio. He
one leaves off and the other begins. He wrote also in collaboration with his brother
wrote in all nineteen operas, some of which Federigo. In 1836 he was appointed maes-
were in collaboration with Luigi. He was tro di cappella at the Cathedral of Trieste,
in Paris in 1844, passed several years in and director of the chorus at the theatre.
Spain and Portugal as music director of the His last opera, H diavolo a quattro, Trieste,
theatres at Madrid and Lisbon, and went in 1859, was given just before he began to
the same capacity to St. Petersburg in 1853. show symptoms of insanity. He died in an
The successful production of Ci'ispiuo e la asylum at Prague. Works La cena fras- :
comare (written with his brother), in Paris, tornata, Naples, 1824 L' abbate Taccarella,
;
caused him to take up comjôsition again in ib., 1825 II diavolo condannato a prender
;
1869, after a long interval. He retired to moglie, ib., 1826 La lucerna d' Epitteto,
;
Conegliano shortly after the failure of his ib., 1828 Colombo, Parma, 1829 L' orfa-
; ;
last opera. Works Operas —

Monsieur : nella di Ginevra, H sonnambulo, Rome,
Deschalumeaux, Venice, 1835 La prigione ; 1829 ; L' eroiua del Messico, ossia Fer-
d" Edimburgo, 1838; Un duello
Trieste, nando Cortez, ib., 1830 Aunibale in Torino, ;
sotto Richelieu, Milan, 1839 Michelangelo; Turin, 1830 La neve, Chiara di Rosem-
;
e Rolla, Florence, 1841 Corrado d' Alta-

; berg, Milan, 1831 II nuovo Figaro, Parma,
;
mura, Milan, 1842 Vallombra, ib., 1843

;
;
1832; I due sergenti, Milan, 1833; Uu'
Isabella de' Medici, Trieste, 1844 Estella, ; avventura di Scaramuccia, ib., 1834 Gli ;
]\Iilan, 1846 Griselda, Venice, 1847 I due

; ; esposti, ossia erano due ed or son tre, Tiu-in,
ritratti, ib., 1850 II marito e 1' amante,
; 1834 Chi dura vince, Rome, 1834 II co-
; ;
314
PJCCIO
lonello (with Federigo), Naples, 1835 Chi- ceeded Rietz as director of the theatre or-
; I
ara di Montalbano, Milan, 1835 ; La

serva e chestra, and in 1864 went as Kapellmeister
r ussai-o, Pavia, 1835 ; II disertore per to Hamburg, where he was afterwards ac-
I
amore (with Federigo), Naples, 183G; Le tive as a musical reporter. Works Over- :
nozze di Figaro, Milan, 1888 La solitaria ture to Schiller's Braut von Messina
;
Die ;
delle Asturie, Odessa, IS-i-i L' amante di Weihe der Kraft, cantata Entr'actes Trios,
;
; ;
richiamo (with Federigo), Turin, ISIG II duos, pianoforte music Songs and cho- ;
;
birrajo di Preston, Florence, 1847 ; Grispino ruses. — Mendel ; Fc'tis.

e la coraare (with Federigo), Venice, 1850 ; RICCIUS, KARL AUGUST, born at
La festa di Piedigrotta, Naples, 1852
Bernstadt, Saxony, July 26, 1830, still liv- ; II
diavolo a quattro, Trieste, 1859 Cola di ing, 1890, Nephew of the preceding, pu-
;
Rienzi, Venice, Feb, 21, 1880. Ulisse, can- pil in Dresden of Wieck, Karl Kriigcn, and
tata, Naples, 1828 Mass for 4 voices and Schubert, on the pianoforte and violin, then
;
orchestra, and many other sacred compo- at the Conservatorium in Leipsic of

]Mon-
sitions 2 albums of vocal melodies.
; Fetis, delssohn, Schumann, Hauptmann, Richter, —
Suijplement, ii. 410 Florimo, Cenni storici, and David,
; In 1847 he entered the royal
etc, ; Riemann, 763; Clement, Mus.
celebres, orchestra in Dresden as violinist, was made
508 ; Notices sur Luigi et Federigo Correpetitor at the opera in 1859, chorus-
Villars,
Ricci, etc. (Paris, 1866) Rada, I fratelli master in 1863, and royal music director in
;
Ricci (Florence, 1878) Dal Torso, Di Lu- 1875, Works Es sjjukt, comic opera, Dres-
; :
igi Ricci e delle sue opere (Trieste, 1860), den, 1871 ; Music
to Schneewittcheu, Diium-
RICCIO, ANTONIO TEODORO, born ling, Aschenbrudel, Der gestiefelte Kater,
at Brescia about 1540, died after 1583. Ella, etc, Several ballets Dithyrambe ; ;
He was a learned musician and composer of (Schiller), for chorus, soli, and orchestra,
madrigals and of some church music ; was 1854 ; Pianoforte music and songs. — Men-
at first maestro di cappella at Ferrara, after- del,
wards in the service of the emperor at Vi- RICHARD CCEUR DE LION, comedie
enna, He left the last position in order to in three acts, by Sedaine, music by
text
go to Dresden, where he embraced the Re- Gretry, first represented at the Opera Co-
formed religion, married, and became in mique, Paris, Oct, 21, 1784, The work
1579 chaplain to the Margrave of Branden- was given in four acts, Dec. 21, 1785, and
burg. Works Two books of madrigals,
: reduced again to three acts, Dec, 29, 1786.
for 5, 6, 7, 8, and 12 voices (Venice, 1567) ;
The libretto pictures the deliverance of
II primo lib, delle canzoni alia napolitana, Richard by Blondel, and, in spite of many
etc, (Nuremberg, 1577) Cantiones sacrce, ; anachronisms and episodes, the work has
5, 6 e 8 voc. (ib., 1576) a book of masses, ; kept its interest up to the present time.
and one of motets (KOnigsberg, 1579-80) ;
This opera is Gretry's masterpiece, written
Introitus, etc. (Venice, 1589), —Fetis ; Ger- at the iêriod of his highest development.
ber ; Schilling ; Mendel, The air, " () Richard, 6 mon roi, Tunivers
RICCroS, AUGUST FERDINAND, born t'abandonne," has become very celebrated,
at Bernstadt, near Herrnhut, Saxony, Feb, and is of historic value, for it was sung
26, 1819, 1890.
still Instrumental during the French Revolution at a bancjuct
living,
and vocal composer, first instructed by the at Versailles, Oct. 1, 1789. The duo. Uno •'
cantor of his native place, then pupil of ficvre brfilante," between Richard and Blon-
Zimmermann at Zittau, He went to Leip- del, always effective on the stage, was long
sic to study theology, but soon devoted him- a favourite theme for variations. Beethoven
self entirely to music, and became conductor wrote a set of eight for the pianoforte, in C,
of the Euterpe concerts. In 1855 he suc- published by Traeg (Vienna, 1798) Breit- :
S16
RICHARD III.
kopf & Beethoven Werke, Serie

Hiirtel, Luigi Canessa, text by Fulgonio, ib., Nov.
x\-ii., and a set of seven variations
No. 10 ;
10, 1879 and by Gervais Bernard Sal-
;
for the pianoforte, in C, have been attributed vayre, text by Blavet, St. Petersburg, Dec.
to Mozart. The original cast included M. 22, 1883.—Athenreum (1875), ii. 617 ; Mus.
Philippe, as Richard, and M. Clairval, as Wochenblatt (1882), 76.
Blondel. The opera was arranged for the RICHARD EN PALESTINE, French
German stage by Ignaz von Seyfried, and opera in three acts, text by Paul Foucher,
was given in Vienna, Nov. 28, 1810. It was music by Adolphe Adam, first represented
given at the Opera Comique, Paris, Sept. at the Academic Royale de Musique, Paris,
27, 18J:1, with new instrumentation by Oct. 7, 1844. Original cast : Richard, Bar-
Adolphe Adam, and it was given in Paris roilhet ; Kenneth, Ma-
Ismael, Levasscur ;
in 185G with Roger as Richard and Masset rie Berengere, Mme Dorus-Gras
; and ;
as Blondel. It was revived at the Opera Edith Plantagenet, Mile Mequillet. This
Comique, Paris, Doc. 20, 1880. Piano- opera received only thii'teen re2)resenta-
forte score by Friedrich Ludwig Seidel, tions.
published by Schlesinger (Berlin, 1814). RICHARD LOWENHERZ, ballad for
Other operas on the same subject, in tenor solo, chorus, and orchestra, text by
French Rosanie,
: in three acts, by Wolfgang von KiJuigswinter, music by Fer-
Henri Joseph Rigel, text by Devismes, dinand Hiller, op. 200, first performed at
Paris, July 24, 1780 revision, July 14,
; the Musical Festival in Cologne, in 1883.
1790 Richard en Palestine, in three acts,
;
Published by Kistner (Leipsic, 1883). Sig- —
by Adolphe Adam, text by Paul Foucher, nale (1883), 562.
ib., Oct. 7, 1844. In English: Richard RICHARD, 6 MON ROL See Bichard
Cceur de Lion, by "William Shields, Lon- Ca3ur de Lion.
don, 1786. In German Richard Loweu- : RICHARDS, (HENRY) BRINLEY, born
herz, ballet by Josef "Weigl, Vienna, Feb. at Carmarthen, Wales,
2, 1795 and Richard und Blondel, opera
;
Nov. 13, 1817, died
in three acts, by Daniel Elster, text by F. in London, May 1,
Adami, Meiningen, December, 1835. In 1885. Pianist, pu-

Italian Ricciardo Cuor di Leone, by Radi-
: pil at the Royal
cati, Bologna, about 1820. Clement et La- — Academy of Music,
rousse, 574 Revue et Gaz. mus. de Paris
;
where he obtained
(1856), 165, 173 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xii.
;
the King's scholar-
1057 xiii. 83
; xvi. 275 Gretry, Essais
; ;
ship in 1835 and in
sur la musique, i. 367 Grove, iii. 127; ;
183 7. He gained a
Thayer, Beethoven Verzeichniss, No. 61. high position in Lon-
RICHARD HI, overture and music to don as a pianist and
Shakespeare's tragedy, by Friedrich Robert composer. He devoted himself siêcially to
Volkmann, op. 73. The overture, in which the study of Welsh music, upon which he
the Scotch air, "The Campbells are com- lectured, and exerted himself gi'eatly in
ing," is introduced, was given at the Crys- promoting the interests of the South Wales
tal Palace, London, Oct. 30, 1875. It was Choral Union on its visits to England in
given at the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, in March, 1872 and 1873. Works Overture in F
:
1882. Operas on this subject Richardus : minor, for orchestra, Paris, 1840, London,
impius Anglise rex, etc., in Latin, by Eber- 1841 Additional songs for the English
;
lin, Salzburg, Sept. 4, 1750 Riccardo HI., ; version of Auber's Crown Diamonds, 1846 ;
in Italian, by Giovanni Battista Meiners, God bless the Prince of Wales, 1862, and
text by Codebo, Milan, Nov. 12, 1859 by ; other songs and part-songs Ui), quit thy ;
210
UKJIIAIIDSON
; —
bower, trio Pianoforte music. Grove Fe- ErlOser, oratorio, 1849 Schiller's Dithy-
; ;
tis, Supplement, ii. 4:14: Riemann Men- rambe for the Schiller celebration of 1859
; ; ;
del, Ergiinz., 389. Masses, motets, and psalms ; String quar-

EICHARDSON, JOSEPH, born in Eng- tets ; Organ pieces Sona-
Violin sonatas ; ;
land in 1814, died in tas and other music. He

for pianoforte,
London, Marcli 22, was author also of Die praktischen Studien
1862. Flutist, con- zur Theorie der Musik (Leipsic, 1853 14th ;
nected with several ed., 1880), which has been translated into
London orchestras ;
English and other languages. Riemann — ;
was a member of Jul- Mendel Fetis ]\Ius. Wochenblatt, x. 214.

; ;
lien's orchestra, in RICHTER, ERNST HEIXIUCH LEO-

which he played solo POLD, born at Thiergarten, near Ohlau,
many years, and later Prussian Silesia, Nov. 15, 1805, died at
became principal flute Steinau-on-the-Oder, April 24, 1876. In-
in the Queen's private strumental and vocal composer, pupil of
band. His rapidity of execution was won- the organist Ernst in his native place, then
derful, and his compositions for his instru- of Hientsch, Berner, and Siegert at Breslau,
ment were noted for brilliancy and difficulty. and Beruhard Klein and Zelter
finally of
Works : Many fantasias, variations, arrange- church nuisic in
at the royal institute for
ments and original pieces for flute ; Songs, Berlin. In 1826 he returned to Breslau,
etc. — Grove. and became in 1827 instructor at the
mCHTER, ERNST FRIEDRICH EDU- teachers' seminary, continuing his connec-
ARD, born at tion with it after its removal to Steinau in
Gross Schunau, 1847. At Breslau he conducted also the
-
Lusatia, Oct. 24:, chorus of the Singakademie, and other sing-

1808, died in Leip- ing societies. Works Die Contrebande, :
sic, April 9, 1879. comic opera, Breslau ; Symphony ; Psalms,

Organist, pupil at motets, and cantatas with orchestra Pre- ;
the gymnasium of ludes for organ Mass for 4 voices and or- ;
Zittau ; in 18 31 chestra ; Domine salvum fac regem, for

went male voices and orchestra Psalm Ixxx., for
to Leipsic to ;
study music under chorus and organ Sacred and secular songs ;
Weinlig. When for 4 male voices Several collections of ;
the Leipsic Conservatorium was founded, in songs, with pianoforte, etc. —Fetis ; Men-
1843, he became with Hauptmann instruc- del.
tor of harmony and composition. After RICHTER, FRANZ XAVER, born at
the death of Pohlenz he was director of the Holleschau, Moravia, Dee. 1, 1709, died in
Singakademie until 1847 he was appointed Strasburg, Sept. 12, 17S9. After tinishing
;
organist of the Peterskirche in 1851, of his musical education he was for some
the Neukirche in 1862, and soon after of years court musician at Mannheim. He
the Nicolaikirche. 1868 he succeeded was appointed Kapellmeister of Strasburg
In
Hauptmann as cantor of the Thomasschule Cathedral in 1747, where Ignaz Plcyel was
and musical director of the principal his assistant from 1783. Works Twenty- :
churches, and became also a royal profes- six symphonies Concerto for pianoforte ; ;
sor. The Leipsic University granted him 3 trios 6 string quartets 7 masses To ;
; ;
the honorary title Deum, hymns, motets, and psalms, mostly in

of University Music- Di-
rector. His theoretical works enjoy an im- MS. in tiic Cathedral of Sainl-Dir, Vosgea.
mense circulation. Works Christus dor He was author of tlie treatise, Harmonischo
:
S17
;
lUCIITER
Belehrungen, oder griiudlicbe Auweisung self, whose first jûblic concert was given
zu der luusikalischeu Toukunst, translated the following yeai* established the Leipsic ;
by Kalkbremier as Traito d'harmonie et Zweigverein and ;
—
de composition (Paris, 1804). Wurzbach ;
assisted in founding
Mendel Schilling Riemann Gerber Fe-
; ; ; ; the Beethovenstift-
tis. ung. He was pres-
RICHTER, KARL GOTTLIEB, born in ident of the All-
Berlin, 1728, died at Kiaiigsberg, summer gemeine deutsche
of 1809. Organist, pupil of Schaflfrath, a Verein and of the
musician in the service of Princess Amalia Leipsic Wagner-
of Prussia. He settled afterwards at Ko- Verein was a sup- ;
nigsberg, to teach music, and quite late in porter of the Wag-

life became organist of the cathedral there. n e r performances
"Works: 11 concertos for pianoforte C trios ; given at Bayreuth in
for 2 flutes and bass. —
Fetis Mendel.
; 1876, and did much for vocal associations in
RIC0N08CI IN QUESTO AlklPLESSO. Germany. Works Songs and choruses. He :
See Nozze di Figaro. edited Schiitz'sSieben Worte J. W. Franck's ;
RICORDATI, MIO BEN, duet in B-flat Geistliche Melodieu Eccard's Preussische ;
major, for soprano and alto (Vitige and Te- Festlieder Priitorius's Wcihnachtslieder
; ;
odata), with accompaniment of violins in Altbuhmische Hussiten- und Weihnachts-

unison, viola, and bass, in Handel's Flavio, lieder Zwulf altdeutsche Lieder.
; Mendel —
Act I., Scene 1. Published also separately, Riemann Mus. Wochenblatt, iii. 213, 229.
;
with the accompaniment filled out by RIEDER, AMBROSIUS, born atDObling,

Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner). near Vienna, Oct. 10, 1771, died (?). Or-
RIDE OF THE YALKYRIOR. See Wal- ganist formed himself by the study of
;
kiire. Turk's, Kirnberger's, and Marpurg's theo-

RIECK, CARL FRIEDRICH, born about retical works, and was afterwards a pupil of
the middle of the 17th century, died at Ber- Albrechtsberger. In 1802 he became choir-
lin (?) in 1704. He entered in 1G83 the master in the church at Petersdorf, near
service of the Elector of Brandenburg, and Vienna. Works Mass for chorus and or- :
was appointed in 1G98 director of the cham- chestra Requiem for 4 voices, orchestra,
;
ber music, receiving in 1700 the title of and organ Graduals, offertories, etc. ; ;
royal Kapellmeister. Works La festa del Quartets for strings Sonatas for piano-
: ;
Imeneo, ballet-opera (with Ai-iosti) Can- forte, violin, and violoncello Fugues and
; ;
tatas: Peleus und Thetis, oder das Gliick preludes for the organ Many songs, with ;
der Liebe, Oranienburg, 1700 Der Tri- pianoforte. Fetis Mendel.

; — ;
umph der Liebe, 1700 Der Streit des

; RIEDT, FRIEDRICH WILHELINI, born
alten und neuen Saculi, 1701. Fetis —
in Berlin, Jan. 5, 1710, died there, Jan, 5,
;
Mendel. 1783. Virtuoso on the flute, pupil of Graun

RIEDEL, KARL, born at Krouenberg, and Schaffrath became in 1741 chamber ;
near Elberfeld, Oct. G, 1827, died in Leip- musician, and in 1750 director of the mu-
sic, June 4, 1888. He was a silk dyer up to sical society in Berlin. Works Sym- :
1848, when the disturbance of his business jihonies Quartets Sonatas for 2 flutes
;
;
;
by the revolution induced him to devote Sonata for flute and violoncello G trios for ;
himself to music he became a pupil of Karl 2 flutes and bass. He published also sev-
;
Wilhelm, at Crefeld, and in 1849 entered eral theoretical works. Futis Mendel. — ;
the Leipsic Conservatorium. In 1854 he RIEGER, GOTTFRIED, born at Tro-

founded a singing society, named after him- plowitz, Austrian Silesia, about 1764, died
21S
; ;
PJEGER
at Briinn, Moravia, after 1837. Dramatic RIE:\IENSCHNEIDER, GEORG, born
and church composer, first instructed by in Stralsund, April 1, 1848, still living,
the village schoolmaster, then at Weiss- 1890. Instrumental composer, pupil of A.
wasser, by a musical
friar, in counterpoint. Lorenz at Stettin, of A. Haupt
on the or-
He went afterwards to Briinn, where he gan, and of Kiel in Berlin. Kapellmeister
assumed the direction of the theatre, and successively of several theatre orchestras;
whither he returned after a short stay on since 1875 at Lubeck. Works: Die Eis-
the estate of Count Haugwitz he then juugfrau, opera Xachtfahrt, Julinacht,
;
;
conducted the church choir, and established Todtentanz, Donna Diana, Fest-Pridudium,
concerts. —
Works Operas Das wiithende for orchestra. :
Hear Die Todtenglocke ; Schuster Flink

; RIEN NE PLAIT TANT AUX TEUX ;
Die vier Savoy arden 3 solemn masses 13 DES BELLES. See Ami de la Maison.
; ;
short masses for male chorus and orchestra RIENZI, DER LETZTE DEIl TRI-
German mass, with organ Hymns, offer- BUNEN (Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes),
;
tories, motets, cantatas,and oratorios Con- ; tragic opera in five acts, text and music by
certos for pianoforte and orchestra Quar- ; Richard Wagner, first represented at Dres-
tets for strings Trios for pianoforte and
; den, Oct. 20, 1842, with the following cast :
strings Sonatas for pianoforte and violon-

;
Cola Rienzi (T.) Herr Tichatschek.
cello do. for pianoforte and flute
; Sona- ;
Irene, his sister (S.) Frl. Wiist.

tas, rondos, variations, etc., for pianoforte.
Stefano di Colonna (B.)
—Fetis ; Mendel.
Adriano (S.) Mme
Herr Dettmer.
Schruder-Devrieut.
EIEGER, JOHANN NEPOiVIUE:, born
Herr Wiichter. Paolo Orsini (B.)
in Berlin in 1787, died in Paris, February,
Herr Rheinhold. Raimondo (B.)
1828. Pianist settled in Paris in 1811, to
;
j
Baroncelli (T.) Herr Joachim Vestri.

teach his instrument. Works Symphonic :
Cecco del Vecchio (B.) Herr Carl Risse.

concertante, for pianoforte and violin, with
Ein Friedeusbote (S.) Frl. Thicle.
orchestra 2 concertos for pianoforte Ron-
; ;
do pastoral, with orchestra Trio for piano- The libretto is an adaptation of Bulwer's
;
forte and strings Sonatas, nocturnes, ron- novel of the same title (London, 1835),
;
dos, fantaisies, etc., for pianoforte. Fetis. ^

—
Wagner first read it at Dresden in 1837,
RIEM, WT:LHELÎ FRIEDRICH, born and, impressed by its adaptability for op-
at Colleda, Thuringia, Feb. 17, 1779, died era, began his sketch at Riga in the autumn
in Bremen, April 20, 1837. Organist, self- of the same year. He completed the book
taught up to his fifteenth year, then pujDil in the following summer, began the music
of Hiller at the Thomasschule in Leipsic, in the autumn of 1838, finished two acts
where he became organist of the Reformed by the spring of 1839 at Riga and ^Nlittau,
Church in 1807, and at the Thomasschule and MTote the remainder in Paris. He
in 1814 In 1822 he was appointed organist offered it in vain to the Opera and the
of the cathedral in Bremen. Works Cantata Theatre de la Renaissance, and in 1841 :
for the celebration of the Augsburg Confes- sent it to Dresden, where its success tlie
sion, Bremen, 1830 Quintet for strings following 3'ear brought him the position of
; ;
3 quartets for do. Sonatas for pianoforte ; Hof-Kapellmeister, with a salary of 1,500
and violin Rondos, sonatas, polonaises,
; Thalers. The overture, which is in the ac-
for pianoforte (4: hands) Sonatas, caprices, ; cepted form, derives its themes from tlie
variations for do. (2 hands) Si'immtliclio ; body of the work. In the first act are
Orgel-Compositionen zum Gebrauch des Rienzi's aria, "Wohlau, so mug' es seiu."
Gottesdienstes, a collection of organ-pieces leading up to the terzetto between Rienzi,
Choruses for 4 voices. — Fetis ; Mendel. Irene, and Adriano, "Adriano du ? Wie oiu
S19
RIEXZI
Colon na " and the sceua between Ii'ene

!
between Adriano and Irene, Lebwohl, •
and Adriano, "Er gelit uud liisst dicli Irene," and the jubilee choinis, " Auf im !
meinera Schutz " the double chorus, " Ge-

; Triumpf zum Capitol," In the fourth act
grUsst, gegriisst," shouted by the populace are the terzetto and chorus, " Wer war's
and the monks, interrupted by Kienzi's ap- der euch hierher beschied ? " and the finale,
peal, " Erstehe, hohe Roma, neu." The which closes with the malediction of the
second act opens with the recejition of the monks, " Va3, va; tibi maledicto." The last
peace messengers, including a love!)' song, act opens with Rienzi's prayer, " Allmiicht'-
" Ich sah die Stiidte, sah das Land," by one ger Vater," followed by the duet between
of the messengers, leading to a terzetto be- him and L'ene, " Verliisst die Kirche nnch,"
tween Adriano, Orsini, and Colonna, fol- Rienzi's aria, " Ich liebte gliihend," and a
second duet between Adriano and Irene,
"Du hier, Irene," and closes with an ener-
getic finale, chiefly choral. Rienzi was first
given in Berlin, Oct. 26, 1847 in Prague, ;
1854 in Paris, April G, 1869, French trans-

;
by Nuitter & J. Guillaume in Mu-

lation ;
nich,June 27, 1870 in Vienna, May 20, ;
1871 in Venice, March 15, 1874

; in Lon- ;
don, in English, Jan. 27, 1879 ; in New

York, by the German OiJera Company, Feb.
5, 1886. Full and pianoforte score pub-
lished by Fiirstner (Berlin) vocal score in ;
Italian by Augener (London) in French, ;
by Durand, Schcenewerk & Cie (Paris). The

Messengers of Peace and Rienzi's jn-ayer,
published separately in German and English
by Augener (London). Other operas on this
subject, in Italian Rienzi, by Georg Dam, :
Berlin, about 1835 by Achille Paer, text ;
by Piave, Milan, Dec. 26, 1862 by Kasch- ;
peroff, Florence, 1863 ; Cicco e Cola, opera

buffa by Miggliaccio, text by Vecchio, Na-
ples, October, 1871 ; Cola di Rienzi, by
Persicchini, text by Cossa, Rome, June 28,
Tichatschek, as Rienzi. 1874 ; by Luigi Ricci, text by Bottura,
Venice, Feb. 21, 1880 and a ballet, Rienzi,
;
lowed by a chorus " Erschallet Feierklilnge," by Bernardi, Milan, October, 1878. — Wag-
and a l:)allet, and closing with a grand ner, Ges. Schriften, i. 41 ; Glasenajjp,
septet and finale " O lass der Gnade Him- Wagner, i. 127 ; Julhen, Wagner, 41 ; Hans-
melslicht." The third act, which is full of lick, Moderne oper, 274 ; Kastner, Wagner
action, contains the call to arms by Rienzi, Catalogue, 5 ; Allgem. Wîener Mus. Zeitg.
"Ihr Romer, auf,"' the answering chorus of (1846), 585 ; Allgem. Mus. Zeitg., xlvii.
the people, Adriano's prayer, " Gerechter 253 ; xlix. 883 ; Leipziger Illust. Zeitg.
Gott," changing to the allegro, " Wo war (1873), No. 7 ; Neue Zeitschr., xvii. 148,
ich ? " as he hears the toll of the Capitol bell, 168 ; XX. 125 ; xxvii. 285 (1865), 148 ; ;
the signal for slaughter, Rienzi's battle- Athenfcum (1879), i. 159 Upton, Standard
;
hymn, " Santo spix-ito cavaliere," the duct Opeias, 245.
220
;;
RIES
EIES, ADOLPH, born in Berlin, Dec. 20,
leave Russia, he went in 1813 to England,
1837, still living, 1890. Sou
Hubert Ries, and became prominent in London as a com-
of
[
and pupil of Steiffensand, KulLak, and B(Jh- poser, virtuoso, and teacher. Having made
mer. He settled in London as a teacher in a fortune, he removed in 1824 to Godes-
1858. Works Trio for pianoforte and berg, near Bonn, where he had bought an
:
strings ; Violin sonata ; Pianoforte pieces ;

estate. In 1830 he settled in Frankfort
Songs. — Grove ;Mendel.
Fetis ; visited
in 1831, Italy in 1832 London
di- ;
RIES, FERDINAND, born Bonn, rected the Nether-Rhenish Festivals several

at
Nov. 28, 1784, died years was chosen director of the city or-
;
in F r a n k f o r t-on-tbe chestra and the Singakademie of Aix-la-

Main, Jan. 13, 1838. Chapelle in 1834, but returned in 183<; to
Pianist, son and pupil Frankfort, where in 1837 he became head
of Franz Anton Ries ; of theCiicilien-Verein, founded by Schelble,
studied the violoncello his last oflScial position. He was among
under Bernbard Rom- the best pianists of his time, though his
berg. At the age of technique was not perfect as a composer, ;
thirteen he became his style was an emanation, if not a dii-ect

pupil of a friend at imitation, of Beethoven's, and while his
Arnsberg, but was superior to his teacher, later works show a striving for greater
and studied the violin by himself. On re- freedom from the influence of his master,
turning home he wrote out the quartets of they do not rise to such an excellence of
Haydn and Mozart in score, and arranged for originality as to make them immortal. His
the pianoforte Haydn's Creation and Sea- work on Beethoven is of the highest au-
sons, and Mozart's Requiem. In 1801 he re- thority, and to some extent he may be re-
ceived a few lessons from Winter, at Munich, garded as the Boswell of Beethoven. Works
and when this master departed for France, —
Operas Die Riiuberbraut, Frankfort-on- :
he went to Vienna with but seven ducats the-Main, 1828 Liska, given as The Sor- ;
in his purse and a letter from his father to cerer, London, 1831 Eine Nacht auf dem ;
Beethoven, who had been intimate with his Libanon (1835, not given) Der Sieg des ;
family in Bonn. Beethoven received him Glaubeus, oratorio Die KOnige Israels, ;
kindly, helped him financially, and gave him do.; G symphonies 4 overtures 9 con- ; ;
lessons on the pianoforte, but for compo- certos for pianoforte and orchestra Con- ;
sition referred him to the aged Albrechts- certo for violin Octet for i)ianoforte, ;
berger. Nearly four years of association strings, clarinet, and horn Septet for do. ;
with Beethoven had a profound influence 2 sextets for pianoforte and various instru-
upon him, though their relations sometimes ments Quintet for pianoforte and strings ; ;
tended toward unpleasantness. Bonn then 3 quartets for do. ; 5 trios for do.; G quin-
being in the possession of the French, he tets for strings ;
was summoned as a conscript in 1805, but 14 quartets for

was exempted, because he had lost an eye do.; Trio for tw<
from the small-pox in his childhood. He pianofortes and
next lived in Paris for two years, and re- harp 20 sonatas
;
turned to Vienna in 1808. Then he went for pianoforte and violin Sonata for do. ;
to Cassel, Hamburg, Copenhagen, Stock- and violoncello !Many sonatas, rondos,

;
holm, and St. Petersburg, where he found and other pieces for pianoforte
fantasias, ;
his old teacher, Bernhard Romberg, and and songs. His book on Beethoven, writ-
made a concert tour with him in Russia. ten with Dr. F. G. Wegeler, is entitled :
The French invasion in 1812 causing him to Biographische Noti/.en nl)er Ludwig van
281
RIES
Beethoven (Coblentz, 1838).— Fetis Ger- tions. His oldest son Louis (born in Ber- ;
ber Mendel Eieraann

;
Schilling
; do., lin, Jan. 30, 1830), also a violinist, was in-
; ;
Supplement, 359 Harmonicon (1824), 33. structed by him and by Vieuxtemps went
; ;
EXES, FEANZ, born in Berlin, April 7, in 1852 to London, where he shortly suc-
184G, still living, ceeded in making for himself an esteemed
1890. Violinist and and
Mendel Schilling
lucrative position. — ;
;
composer, Eiemann Fetis.

son and Supplement, 359 ; ;
pupil of Hubert Eies, EIETZ, JULIUS, born in Berlin, Dec. 8,

and studied compo- 1812, died in Dresden, Oct. 1, 1877. The
sition under Kiel. family name was originally Eitz. Both his
He was also a pupil, father and elder brother Eduard (a violinist
at the Paris Conser- of note) were professional musicians, and he
vatoire, of Massart, was educated under their care. He studied
in 186G-()8 ; appeared the violoncello under Schmidt, of the royal
in London in 1870, orchestra, and later under Bernhard Eom-
and when forced by berg and Moritz Ganz. He studied com-
illness to give up playing in public, estab- position under Zelter, and from the begin-
lished himself in 1873 as a music-dealer in ning was intimate with, and much under
Dresden. Works : Concerto for violin and the influence of, Mendelssohn. In 1828 he
orchestra ; An overture Quintet for ;
was engaged as violoncellist in the orches-
strings ; 2 quartets for do. ; 2 suites for tra of the Kunigstiidter Theater, during
violinand pianoforte More than 100 songs ; which engagement he first made his mark
for one and two voices Pianoforte and ; as a composer, writing incidental music to
violin music. — Eiemann ; Fetis, Suj)ple- Holtei's play "Lorbeerbaum und Bettel-
ment, ii. 420
Mendel. ; stab." In 1834 he was appointed assistant
EIES, HI'BEET, born in Bonn, April conductor to Mendelssohn at the opera in
1, 1802, died in Berlin, Sept. 14, 1886. Diisseldorf, and on the latter's resignation,
Violinist, son and pupil of Franz Anton in 1835, became first conductor but next ;
Eies, studied violin also under Spohr, and year he exchanged the position for that of
composition under Hauptmann. He went Stildtischer Musikdirector, the duties of
to Berlin in 1824 and joined the orchestra which were to conduct the subscription
of the Kunigstiidter Theater was attached concerts, the principal choi-al society, and
;
to the royal opera next year visited Vienna the music at the Andreaskirche.
; In 1847
professionally in 1830 and on returning to he resigned his Diisseldorf post in favour*
;
Berlin in 1833 founded quartet concerts of Ferdinand Hiller, and went to Leipsic to
with Buhmer, Maurer, and Just. He was conduct the opera and the Singakademie.
director of the Philharmonic Society in In 1848 he accepted also the posts of con-
1835-71 became Conzertmeister in 183G, ductor to the Gewandhaus orchestra, and
;
member of the Eoyal Academy in 1839 teacher of composition at the Conserva- ;
and besides having many private pupils, torium. In 18G0 he was appointed con-
was head of the orchestral school connected ductor at the Eoyal Opera in Dresden, and
witli the royal theatres. He was pensioned of the music at the Eoman Catholic church,
in 1872. Works A Violin School, of which besides being made artistic director of the
:
two editions and an English translation Dresden Conservatorium. In 187G he was

have been published 15 violin studies ; 12 awarded the title of General-Musikdirector. ;
concert studies for violin ; 2 concertos for Eietz was an excellent violoncelUst, but gave
violin and orchestra ; Violin duets Quar- up playing when he
;
left Diisseldorf to de-
tets, exercises, songs, and other composi- vote his whole time to comiDosition, teach-
233
RIETZ
ing, and conducting, and, during the later compositions are the concert overture in A,
part of bis life, to editing important works the symphony in E-llat, the Altdeutscher
of the great masters. His work in this Schlachtgesaug and Dithyrambe (both for
last capacity is of great value ; Mozart's male chorus and orchestra). Two operas
operas and symphonies, and the symphonies written at Leipsic, Der Corsar and Georg
and overtures in Breitkopf & Hiirtel's Neumark, Avere failures. In 1859 the Leip-
complete edition of Beethoven, as well as sic University conferred on him the hono-
the whole edition of Mendelssohn, passed rary degree of Ph.D. Works— I. Operas :
through his hands. He did much work Lorbeerbaum und Bettelstab, three acts,
also on the great editions of the German text by Karl von Holtei, Berlin, Feb. 13,
Bach and Handel Societies. His editions 1833 Das Miidchen aus der Fremde, Sing-
;
of some of Handel's scores compare favour- spiel, Diisseldorf, 1839 Jery und Biitely, ;
ably with all but the very finest modern Berlin, about 1840 Der Corsar, Leipsic, ;
" additional accompaniment " work. As a 1850 Georg Neumark und die Gambe,
;
conductor, he was justly famous although one act, text by E. Pasque, Weimar, 1859.
;
his beat was awkward, and not very distinct H. Symphonies No. 1, in G minor, op. :
to those who were not accustomed to it, 13 No. 2, op. 23 No. 3, in E-flat, op. 31.
; ;
his command over chorus and orchestra HI. Overtures Militiir-Ouvertiire, op. 3
:
;
was absolute, and he was an admirable re- Conzert-Ouvertiire, in A, op. 7 ILro und ;
hearser. He was chief conductor at the Leander, op. 11 Lustspiel-Ouvertiire, op. ;
Lower-Rhine Festivals at Diisseldorf in 18 Overture in F to Shakespeare's " Tem-

;
1845-56-69, and at Aix in 1864-67-73. As pest," op. 14 Ouvertiire zur Feier der gol-
;
a composer, Rietz was one of the most dis- denen Hochzeit des Kuuig und der Kunigin
tinguished of Mendelssohn's followers he von Sachseu, op. 53.
; IV. Instrumental :
was a complete master of musical form, Conzertstiick, Idyllische Scene, for orches-
and treated the orchestra with consummate tra, ojj. 41 String-quartet in D, op. 1
;
;
skill. His style is vigorous and straight- Fantasia for violoncello and orchestra, op,
forward yet, he could hardly be called a 2 Concertos for do, op. 16 and op. 32
; ; ;
man of true genius. His musical scholar- Concerto for the pianoforte and orchestra
ship exceeded his inventive power, and too in G, op. 34 Concerto for violin and or-
;
many of his works are dry and laboured, chestra, op. 31 Concerto for clarinet and ;
rather than spontaneously inspired. Rietz orchestra, op. 29 Couzertstiicke for oboe ;
was an extreme classicist, and had little and orchestra. Adagio, Intermezzo, and
sympathy with the musical doings in Ger- Finale, op. 33 Arioso for violin and or- ;
many since Mendelssohn. He viewed the chestra, op. 48a Scherzo capriccioso for ;
tendencies Schu-
of the pianoforte, in B minor, op. 5 ; Sonata
mann, not to speak of for the pianoforte, in A minor, op. 17 ; do.,
those of his followers, in E-fiat, op. 21 ; Sonata for the pianoforte
with much suspicion. and flute, op. 42 Twelve Kindcrstiicke for
;
He naturally abhorred the pianoforte ; Jubelmarsch for the piano-

both Liszt and Wag- forte. V. Vocal : Cantata for the inaugura-
ner, although, as a tion of the monument to Weber ; Festival
conductor, he was un- Cantata AUdeutsrlwr Schluchtgesang for
;
avoidably fascinated male chorus and orchestra, op. 12 Das ;
by the technical diffi- grosse deutsche Vaterland, hymn by Pabst,

be overcome in the latter's works, op. 51 Dilhijrambr by Schiller, for male
culties to ;
and delighted in conducting performances chorus and orchestra, op. 20, arranged for
of Wagner's operas. His most successful the pianoforte for four liands by A. Horn ;
S33
—
RIFAUT
Kbeinsage, Lieder for male voices (in Siing- at the same theatre, and in 1829 professor
erhalle, Band HI., Heft 8) 6 duets for of accompaniment at the Conservatoire.
;
soi^rano and alto with pianoforte, op. 9 2 ; Works Le duel, ou une loi de Frederic,
:
Lieder for male voices from Froebel's " Re- Opera Comique, 182G Le roi et le ba- ;
publikaner " G songs for male voices, op.

;
telier (with Halevy), ib., 1827 Le camp du ;
40 do., op. 47 7 songs for voice and i)i-

; ; drap d'or (with Batton and Leborne), ib.,
anoforte, op. 27 Concert aria for soprano,
; 1828 ; Un jour de recejition, ib., 1828 ;
AVas ist mir, op. 38 4 Lieder, An die Rose ; ;

Andre, ou la sentinelle perdue, ib., 1834 ;
Ein Stiindlein vor Tag Trostim Scheiden ; ;

Gasparo, ib., 1836. Fetis do., Supple- — ;
Andenken Deutsche Liederhalle, Volks-

; ment, ii. 421 ; Mendel.
lieder, for male voices (six books), op. 22 ;
EIGATI (lligatti), GIOVANNI ANTO-
Lied vom Wein, by E. Geibel, male chorus NIO, composer of the 17th century,
Italian
and orchestra G geistliche Lieder, for so-
; died in Venice about the end of 1649.
prano, alto, tenor, and bass, op. 3G Mai- ; Church composer, priest in the Church of
enzeit und Morgeulied (in Rejiertorium Sta, Maria Formosa was a singer at S. Mar- ;
fiir deutschen Miinnergesang, Heft L) ; co about the middle of the 17th centm-y,
Recitative and cavatina for soprano, Sagt and also vocal instructor of the young
mir ihr kosenden Liiftchen, op. 19 Deut- ; ladies in the Conservatorio degl' Incurabili.
scher Siingerhain, Volkslieder for soprano, Works : Messe e salmi, parte coucertati,
alto, tenor, and bass (two books) ; Twelve etc. (Venice, 1640) Prima parte de' Mo- ;
GesJlnge (two books), op, 26 do. (two tetti ; a 2-4 voci, con alcuni cantilene (ib.,
books), op. 28 Bardale deutscher Volks- 1640) Motetti a voce sola con partitura
; ;
lieder Seven Lieder, op. 27. VI. Church (ib., 1643) Messe e salmi ariosi a 3 voci
; ;
IMusic Mass in F
: G Psalms for tenor or concertati (ib., 1643)
; Salmi diversi di ;
bass, op. 25 ; Te Deum laudamus, for male compieta, etc. (ib., 1646) Messa e salmi a ;
3 voci, etc. (ib., 1648).— Fetis ; Mendel.

RIGEL, HEINRICH JOSEF, born at
Wertheim, Franconia, Feb. 9, 1741, died
in Paris in May, 1799. Dramatic com-
poser, pupil of Jommelli at Stuttgart went ;
voices, op. 50 Salvum fac regem, Domine, to Paris in 1768, was very successful as a
;
chorus and orchestra Offertorium, Laudate teacher and composer, became musical
;
Dominum, for baritone solo, chorus, and or- director of the Loge Olympique, and of
chestra, op. 48 Motets. Mendel ; —
Rie- the Concerts Spirituels, and afterwards
;
mann Grove.
; professor at the Conservatoire. Works
RHÂUT, LOUIS VICTOR fiTIENNE, Operas Le : savetier et le financier, Opera
born in Paris, Jan. 11, 1798, died in Or- Comique, 1778
Blanche et Vermeille, ib. ; ;
leans, March 2, 1838. Dramatic composer, L'automate, ib., 1779 Rosanie, ib., 1780 ;
;
son of a contrabassist at the Opera, pupil Aline et Zamoriu, Theatre des Beaujolais;
at the Conservatoire of Adam the elder on Lucas, ib. Le bon fermier, ib. Les ; ;
the pianoforte, later of Berton in harmony amours du Gros-Caillou, ib. Alix de Beau- ;
and composition. He won the first prize caire. Theatre Montansier Cora et Alouzo, ;
of the Institut for composition in 1821, grand opera, not given. Oratorios La :
for his cantata Diane et Endymion. After sortie d'Egypte Jephte La prise de ; ;
living in Rome, Naples, Vienna, IMunich, Jericho. Fetis Mendel. — ;
and Dresden, he returned in 1825 to Paris, RIGEL, HENRI JEAN, born in Paris,
and became accompanist at the Opera Co- May 11, 1772, died at Abbeville, Dec. 16,
mique. In 1828 he became chef de chant 1852. Son and pupil of the preceding ;
224
:
EIGHIXI
became, when only thirteen, repetiteur at Tigrane, ib., 1800 Gerusalemme liberata, ;
the royal school of singing, accompanied ossia la selva incantata, ib., 1803
La ;
Bonaparte on his expedition to Egypt in sorpresa amorosa, cantata, Vienna, 1780;

1798, and conducted the music at the II natale d' Apollo, do., ib. Atalanta e ;
French theatre in Cairo. He returned in Meleagro, festa 1797teatrale, Berlin, ;
1800 to Paris, resumed his functions as Minerva belebt die Statuen des Diidalus,
teacher of the pianoforte, and was made court ballet Messa solenue
; Te Deum Re- ; ;
jDianist to Napoleon. He was especially quiem a cappella ; Several cantatas ; Many

distinguished as an accompanist. Works : scenes for the stage, and songs, etc. His
Les deux meuniers, opera, Cairo, 1799 ;
best orchestral work is his overture to
Le duel nocturne, Paris, 1808 Gcdeon, ; Tigrane, still occasionally played in Ger-
sacred cantata ; Judith, do. ; Le
many and England. His exerci^ses for the retour
de Tobie, do. ; Symphony 4 voice (1804) are among the best that exist.
; 2 overtures ;
concertos for pianoforte Trios for piano- Fetis Riemann

; Gerber Schilling — ; ; ;
;
forte, harp, and violin Sonatas for jDiano- do.. Supplement, 3G0 Mendel.
;
;
forte and violin Duos, sonatas, fautaisies,

; RIGOLETTO, Italian opera in three acts,
etc., for pianoforte. Fetis Mendel. ^
— text by Piave, music by Verdi, first rep-

;
EIGHINI, VINCENZO, born in Bologna, resented in Venice, March 11, 1851, with
Jan. 22, 175G, died there, Aug. 19, 1812. the following cast
Dramatic composer, pupil in the cathedral
Rigoletto (Bar.) Signor Coletti.
choir of San Petronio, subsequently of Ber-
II duca di Mantua (T.) Signor Beaucarde.
nacchi in singing, and of Padre Martini
. . .
Gilda (S.) Signora Evers.

in counterpoint made his debut at Parma
;
in 1775, then sang for three years in the The libretto is taken from Victor Hugo's " Le
Opera Buffa at Prague, and began to be-
come known as a composer. In Vienna,
where he arrived in 1777, he was chosen by
Joseph H. as singing master for the Arch-
duchess Elizabeth, and conductor at the
Ojêra Buffa. In 1788 he entered the ser-
vice of the Elector of Mainz, and in 1792
was summoned to Berlin to compose an
opera, the success of which procured for
him the appointment as royal Kapellmeister
in the place of Alessandri, in 1793. As a
composer he was not in the front rank but ;
he was a successful teacher, and counted

distinguished artists among his pupils.
Works: La vedova scaltra, Prague, 1778;
La bottega del caffi;, ib. ; Don Giovanni,
ossia il couvitato di pietra (same subject as
Padilla-y-Ramos.
Mozart's master work), ib. ; L' incontro in-
aspettato, Vienna, 1785 ; II Demogorgone, roi s'amuse," was first entitled " La malc-
"
ossia il filosofo coufuso, Mainz, 1788 Au- ;
dizione," and was also called " Vist-anlello
tigono, ib., 1788 Alcide al bivio, Coblentz,
; in Italy. The authorities forbade its per-
1789 Armida, Aschaffenburg
; Enea nel ; formance for political reasons, and in order
Lazio, Berlin, 1793 II trionfo d' Arianna,;
to secure a representation the character of
ib., 1793; Ai-mida (rewritten), ib., 1799 ;i Francis I. was changed to the Duke of
225
PJKIKI
Mantua; Saint- Vallier, to the Count of son and pupil of Stephen Francis Rimbault,
Monterone and Triboulet, to Kigoletto,
;
organist (1773-1837), then pupil of Samuel
whose name was given to the opera. This Wesley. He became organist of the Swiss
lias been regarded by many critics as Verdi's Church, Soho, in 1832, and later of several
masterpiece, and, notwithstanding the repul- other London churches. He became in-
sive story, it still keeps the stage. The prin- terested in the study of musical history
cipal numbers are The Duke's aria, " Questa and literature, gave lectures on the history
:
o quella " his duet with Gilda, " Addio, of music, took an active part in the forma-
;
speranza ed anima ;" the chorus of the con- tion of musical societies, and edited many
spirators " Zitti, zitti," closing the first act musical collections and works. He also
;
the Duke's aria in Sparafucile's house, " La arranged operas and other works, was
donua e mobileand the great quartet, author of elementary books, and a con-
;
"
" Bella figlia amore," sung by the tributor to periodical literature. Wôrks
dell' :
Duke, Gilda, Eigoletto, and Maddalena, The Fair Maid of Islington, ojêretta, Lon-
and which is one of the composer's best don, 1838 The Castle Spectre, ib., 1839 ; ;
inspirations. It was first given at Covent Country Life, cantata (posthumous). His
Garden, London, in Italian, Ma}' 14, 1853, song, Hai^2:)y Land, was widely popular.
with Ronconi as Rigoletto Mario, the Grove Futis Riemann Mendel.
; — ; ; ;
Duke Mme Bosio, Gilda and Mile Nantier-

; RIMSia-KORSAIvOFF, NICOLAI AN-
;
Didice, Maddalena and it was first given;

DREYEVICH, born
in Paris at the Thc'atre Italien, Jan. 19, at Tikhvin, Russia,
1857, with Corsi as Eigoletto ; Mario, the in 1844, still living,
Duke ; Mme and Mme

Frezzolini, Gilda ; 1890. Dramatic and
Alboni, Maddalena. The opera was trans- instrumental com-
lated into French by £douard Duprez, and poser, one of the fore-
represented at the Theatre Lyrique, Paris, most representatives
Dec. 24, 1863. The part of Rigoletto is a of the Young-Russian
favourite with Ismael and with Padilla-y- school. At first an
Ramos. That of Gilda was Mme Bosio's officer in the navy, he
greatest part, and it has been sung with left the service to fol-
success by Adelina Patti, Mme Miolan- low a musical profes-
Carvalho, Mile Battu, and Mme Novello. sion. He has been since 1871 professor
Pubhshed by Ricordi (Milan, 1851). Tran- of composition and instrumentation at the
scription for the pianoforte by Liszt (Schu- St. Petersburg Conservatory, and is direc-
berth, Leipsic). —
Athenaum (1851), 1097 tor of the free school of music in that city.
;
(1853), 625 Clement et Larousse, 576 Works Operas Pskovityanka (The Maid
;
; — :
Revue et Gaz. mus. de Paris (1857), 25 of Pskov), St. Petersburg, 1873 The May
; ;
Neue Zeitschr. (1860), ii. 41 Upton, Night, ib., 1880 Snegorutchka (Snow-
; ;
Standard Operas, 220 Hanslick, Moderne drop), ib., 1882. Sadko, legend for orches-
;
Oper, 229. tra, Altenburg, 1876 Antar, symphony, ;
RIKIKI, operetta, music by Josef Hell- Magdeburg, 1881 Other symphonies Fan- ; ;
mesberger, Jr., represented at the Carl- tasia for orchestra Choral works, cham- ;
theater, Vienna, Sept. 27, and the Walhalla ber music, pianoforte pieces, and songs.
Theater, Berhn, Oct. 27, 1887 afterwards Riemann. ; —
in Munich and Pesth. RINALDO, cantata for tenor solo, male
RIMBAULT, EDWARD FRANCIS, born chorus, and orchestra, text by Goethe, mu-
at Soho, London, June 13, 1816, died in Lon- sic by Brahms, op. 50, published by Sim-
don, Sept. 26, 1876. Organist and composer. rock (Berlin, 1874). Gade's cantata, Die
220
:
RINALDO
Kreufzfahrer, op. 50, on the same subject. pianga," sung by Almirena upon her cajv
is
—Mus. Woclienblatt (1874), 58. ture, previously used in the Trionfo del
RINALDO, Italian opera in three acts, tempo, and originally a sarabande in his
text by Adam Hill, translated by Giacomo earlier opera, Almira the bass aria, sung ;
Rossi, music by Handel, first represented by Argante, "Sibillar gli angui d' Aletto,"
at the Queen's Theatre, London, Feb. 27, taken from Aci, Galatea e Polifemo Almi- ;
1711, with the following cast rena's with violin solo, " Bel piacer," from
air,
Agrippina and Rinaldo's air, " H tricerbero

;
Rinaldo (S.) Signor Nicolini.
umiliato," sung with great effect by Nico-
Armida (S.). . .Signora Pilotti Sehiavouetti,
lini, long afterwards became popular in the
Almirena (S.). . .Signora Isabella Girardeau.
form of the drinking-song, " Let the waiter
Argante (B.) Signor Boschi.
bring clean glasses." The march in the
Goffredo (A.) Signora Boschi.
third act, with its fiery passages for four
Eustazio (A.) Signor Valentini.
trumpets, was adopted by the Royal Guards,
Mago Christiano (A.) Signor Cassani.
and it was published under the title of
This work, one of the composer's master- "The Royal Guards' March" in "The La-
pieces, was written for the Queen's Theatre, dy's Banquet," a collection of music for the
and inaugurated Handel's advent in Eng- harpsichord (London, 1720) and it was in- ;
land. It was represented with extraordi- troduced into the Beggars' Opera by Dr.
nary magnificence for the time. The spec- PejDusch as a chorus to the words, " Let us
tacular realism, especially of take the road." Rinaldo was represented
the scene
Armida's garden, into which sparrows in Hamburg in 1715. The original auto-
live
were introduced, brought forth the satire graph does not exist in a complete form.
of Addison and Steele. The opera was re- Portions are in Buckingham Palace, and
ceived with enthusiasm, and it was played fragments of the first and third acts are
fifteen times without intermission. The contained in the second volume of the
libretto isfounded on Tasso's "Gerusa- " Songs and Sketches." The MS. of the
overture is in the volume entitled " So-
lemme liberata." The scene is laid in the
natas." A complete copy of the conducting-
Holy Land at the time of the first Crusade.
Rinaldo, a Knight Templar, is betrothed score, in Smith's autograph, with annota-
to the daughter of Godfrey de Bouillon, tions by Handel, is also in Buckingham
Almirena, who is seized by the jealous Palace, and many fragments in Handel's
enchantress Armida, and concealed in autogi'aph are in the Fitzwilliam Library,
her magic garden. Argante, a Paynim Cambridge. Rinaldo was dedicated to
King and the accepted lover of Ai'mida, Queen Anne, and first published by Walsh
falls in love with Almirena as Armida has (London, 1711), afterwards reprinted with
with Rinaldo, who comes to her garden to Chrysander's edition for the
additions.
deliver Almirena. To gain his afi:ection,Hilndelgesellschaft was published by Breit-
Armida summons her powers of magic and kopf it Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1874:). See Armidc
appears alternately as Almirena and as her- et Renaud. Rockstro, Handel, GO Chry— ;
self. Rinaldo is rescued by Godfrey de Sander, Handel, i. 27G Scha>lcher, 2'.) ; :
Bouillon and Eustazio. Armida and Ar- Maitland, 52 Burney, iv. 223 Hawkins. ; ;
gante are besieged and conquered, and the V. 2G7; Hogarth, ii. 2; Edwards, Hist.
opera ends with their conversion. The Opera, i. 123 ; Spectator, No. 5.
score contains many arias of great beautj', RING DES NIBELUNGEN, DER, Biih-
including " Cara sposa," sung by Rinaldo,

:
nenfestspiel fiir drei Tage und ein Vora-
considered by Handel the best aria that he bcnd (The Nibclung's Ring, a festival stage-
ever wrote; the melody, "Laschia ch' io play for three days and a prior evening),
; ;
KING
by Kichaid Wagner. A tetralogy, consist- deutsche Sage von den Nibelungen in der
ing of four connected music-dramas Das deutschen Poesie Rope, G. R., Die moderne
: ;
Rheingold (The Rhine-gold), Die Walkiire Nibelungen-Dichtung (Hamburg, 1869) ;
(The Valkyr), Siegfried, and Gotterddm- Saupe, J., Die Nibelungen Lauter, Franz, ;
merung (Twilight of the Gods), the subject Der Nibelungen Noth und Klage in den
being taken from the Eddas. The first iisthetischen Excursionen (Leipsic, 1875)
sketch of the plot was drawn up by Wag- Scherr, J., Die Nibelungen in Prosa (1865)
ner in 1848, and is published in his " Ge- Dahn, Felix, Nibelungendrama (1875) ;
sammelte Sclu-iften uud Dichtungen," ii. Wagner, Ges. Schriften, v. 257 vi. 1, 365 ; ;
201 (in English in Burlingame's " xVrt-Life ix. 366, 371 Wagner, Ueber die Auft'iihrung
;
and Theories of Wagner "). The texts of des Biihneufestspiels Fritzsch, E. W., Der;
the four dramas were written in inverse Ring des Nibelungen (1871) do., Bericht ;
order Siegfried's Tod in June, 1848 (pub-

: an den Deutschen Wagner-Verein (ib.,
lished in its original form in Ges. Schr. uud 1872) Oscar Berggruen, Das Biihnenfest-
;
Dicht., ii. 215), and remodelled, and the title spiel in Bayreuth (Leipsic, 1877) ; Dollhopf,
changed to Gotterdiimmerung before 1855 ;
Carl, Der Ring des Nibelungen (Munich,
Der junge Siegfried (the title Doru, H., Aufsatz in Ostracismus
afterwards 1870) ;
changed to Siegfried), in Die Wal- (Berlin, 1875) Dullo, Gustav, Ein Wort
1850 ; ;
kiire, in 1851 (?) Das Rheingold, in 1851- der Aufldiirung iiber Richard Wagner's
;
52. The music to these dramas was written Nibelungen (Konigsberg, 1872) Ehrlich, ;
in the regular order, as follows Das Rhein- H., Fiir den Ring des Nibelungen gegen
:
gold, begun at Spezzia in 1853, finished in das Festspiel in Bayreuth (Berlin, 1876)
j\lay, 1854 Die Walkiire, finished in Ziirich Engel, G., Das Biihneufestspiel in Bayreuth
;
in 185G Siegfried, begun in Ziirich, and (Berlin, 1876)

; Frenzel, Carl, Die Bay- ;
Act I finished in April, 1857 Act EL, up reuther Festspiele (Hanover, 1877)
; Gis- ;
to the Waldweben, in 1857 Act II finished bert, Der Ring des Nibelungen (Leipsic)
; ;
in Munich June 21, 1865, and Act IH by Gumprecht, Otto, Richard Wagner und
the beginning of 18G9 Gotterdiimmerung, sein Buhnenfestspiel (Leipsic, 1873-76)
;
begun at Lucerne in 1870, sketch of Pro- Hahn, A., Die Staatsmusik der Zukuuft (Ber-
logue and Act I finished Jan. 20, 1871 lin, 1876) Kalbeck, Max, Das Biihneu- ;
sketch of the whole finished at Bayreuth festspiel in Bayreuth (Breslau, 1876) Koch, ;
June 22, 1872 orchestration finished in Richard Wagner's Biihuenfestspiel (Leipsic,

;
November, 1874. Das Rheingold and Die 1875) Koestlein, Carl, Richard Wagner's ;
AValkiire were given at the Court Opera in Tondrama La Mara, Das Biihuenfestsj)iel in ;
Munich, without the author's sanction, Sept. Bayreuth (Leipsic, 1877) Lindau, Paul, ;
22, 1869, and June 26, 1870, respectively Niichterne Briefe aus Bayreuth (Berlin,
;
the whole work was first given at Bayreuth 1876) Peter Lehmann, An dramatische Ton-
;
Aug. 18, 14, 16, and 17, 1876. The plot, setzer (Leipsic) Mehlis, C, Guttei-glaube ;
which has little in common with that of the und Nibelungenriug (Leijxsic, 1876) do., Im ;
old German epic, Der Nibelunge Nut,

Nibelungenlande (Cotta, 1877) Mohr, W.,
will ;
be found under the several titles of the Richard Wagner und das Kunstwerk der
separate dramas. —
Fischer, Dr. H., Die For- Zukuuft im Lichte der Bayreuther Auffiih-
schungen iiber das Nibelungenlied (Leipsic, rungen betrachtet (Cologne, 1876) Miiller, ;
1874) ;Gottschall, Die Nibelungen (1876) Dr. Franz, Der Ring des Nibelungen (Leip-
;
Niendorf, M. A, Das Nibelungenlied aus sic, 1876) Naumann, Emil, Musikdrama ;
dem Mittelhochdeutschen (Berlin, 1854) oder Oper (Berlin, 1876) Oesterlein, Ni-
; ;
Rassmann, A., Die Nifluugen-Saga und das colaus, Bayreuth (Vienna, 1877) Pliider- ;
Nibelungenlied (1877) Rehorn, Carl, Die mann, Die Biihnenfestspiele in Bayreuth

;
;
;
RINK
Wolzogen, H. vou, Poetisclie Lautsynibolik RINK (Rinck), JOHANN CHRISTIAN
(Leipsic, 187G) ; do., DerNibelungen-Mythos HEINRICH, born at Elgersburg, Saxe-
in Sage uud Litteratur (Berlin, 1876) do., ; Gotha, Feb. 18, 1770, died in Darmstadt,
Die Edda (Leipsic, 187G) do., Thematischer ; Aug, 7, 1846. Organist, pupil of several
Leitf aden durcli die Musik zu Der . . . organists, and finally, in Erfurt, of Kittel,
Ring des N. (Leipsic, 1882), in English as who had studied under Bach. He became
Guide through the Music, etc., by E. vonin 1790 organist at Giessen, and in 1805 in
Wolzogen (ib.); do., Erliiuterungen
zu R. Darmstadt, where he was also teacher at
W.'s Nibelungen Drama (ib.) Gustav Kob- the seminary. In 1813 he was appointed ;
be, R. Wagner's Music Dramas W. F. Ap- court organist, and in 1817 chamber musi- ;
thorp, Some
Wagner's Heroes and Hero- cian to the Grand Duke. He was consid-
of
ines (Scribner's Maga., v. 331) do., Boston ered the best organist of his time, and made
;
Transcript (1884, April 4, 8, 9, 12, U) Die concert tours, which were very successful. ;
Tragodie in Bayreuth und ihr Satyrspiel He received various decorations, and the
(Leipsic, 1877) Alfred Formann The Ni- degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Arts by
; ;
belung's Ring (in English, London, 1877) the University of Giessen. Works Orgel- ; :
Jullien, Wagner, 209 Glasenapp, Richard schule (Bonn, 1819-21) 2 Choralbiicher

; ; ;
Wagner's Leben und Wirken, ii. 327 Pohl Many choral-preludes Der Choralfreund ; ; ;
Wagner, 20G Kastener, Wagner Catalogue Variations for organ Sonatas for piano-
; ;
55 Mus. Wochenblatt (1871), 210, 241, 277 forte

; Trios Mass Charfreitagscantate ; ; ; ;
307, 323, 356, 370, 387, 433 (1872), 719 Weihuachtscantate Todtenfeier ;
Hallelu- ; ;
(1873), 233, 249, 265, 281, 289, 321, 353, 361 ja Pater Noster 12 chorals for men's ; ;
409, 433, 465, 489, 521, 593, 609, 633, 661 voices Motets, hymns, and other vocal mu- ;
681, 714; (1874), 563; (1875), 65, 77, 101 sic. Autobiography (Breslau, 1833) Men- — ;
113, 468 (1876), 81, 93

;
252, 277, 313 del Riemann Fetis Schilling do., Sup-
: ; ; ; ;
366, 384, 429, 443, 456, 457, 463, 471, 480^ plement, 360 Gerber Clement, Mus. ; ;
491, 493, 503, 504, 505 461, 469, 477, 489 celcbres, 263. :
501 (1877), 17, 33, 45, 457

; (1878), 105 RIOTTE, PHILIPP JACOB, born at ;
121 (1879), 306

; (1881), 40 (1883), 5 Treves, Rhenish Prussia, Aug. 16, 1776,
; ;
19, 33, 43 Neue Zeitschr. (1863), i. 191 died in Vienna, Aug. 20, 1856. Dramatic
;
203, 211, 221 (1876), 373, 385, 397, 407 and instrumental composer
;
passed the ;
421, 440, 460, 471, 478 401, 503, 515 13 greater part of his life in Vienna, where he
: :
21, 53, 85, 97, 110, 219, 247 (1878), 209 was Kapellmeister at the Theater au der ;
409 : 101, 113, 125 ; (1879), 45, 369, 381 Wien. Works Mozart's Zauberflute, opera, :
404, 413. 421, 217 445, 456 ; (1881), Prague, 1820 Noureddin, Priuz von Per-
;
(1882), 247 (1886), 221, 233, 283, 477

;
sien, do., ib. Die Lieb' in der Stadt,
;
486, 497 Bayreuther Blatter (1878), 263

; operetta, Vienna, 1834 ; Other operettas,
309, 341, 352 (1879), 313 (1880), 141 ; ;
and ballets ;
Symphony ;
Quartets for
252, 301 ; (1881), 21, 198, 233, 259 ; (1884) strings ; Trios for pianoforte and strings
70 ;
140 (1886), 1-35, 337 Echo
(1885), ; ; Concertos for pianoforte ; do. for tlute ;
(1875), No. 35 (1876), Nos. 26, 34, 38 ;

do. for clarinet ; Sonatas for pianoforte and
Revue de la musique (1877), No. 22 Le ; violin ; do. for pianoforte. — Fetis ; Men-
Mc'nestrel (1876), Nos. 38, 39 Neue il- ;
del.
lustr. Zeitg. (Vienna, 1877), Nos. 13-16 RIP VAN WINKLE, English opera, text
Leipsiger Nachrichteu (1876), No. 227 by J. H. Wâinwright after Irving's story,
Allgem. dcutsch mus. Zeitg. (1877), No. music by George Bristow, first represented
36 ;Signale (1876), 721, 737 Athcuooum ;
by the Pyne and Harrison Opera Comiiany,
(1876). at Niblo's, New York, Sept. 27, 1855. Cliar-
RIP
acters represented Kip van Winkle, Mr. and in 1750 Vize-Kapellmeister.

:
Works
Stretton van Winkle, Miss S. Pyne
; Dame Operas Calandro, Dresden, 172G Don ;
— : ;
Alice, INIiss L. Pyne Gardiner, Mr. Har- Chisciotto, ossia un pazzo ne fa cento, ib.,
;
rison Nicholas Vedder, Mr. Hayes Ville- 1727 Le fate, Ai-ianna, ib., 1736
;
Temis-
;
; ;
cour, Mr. Horncastle and Van Bummel, tocle, Naples, 1738

;
Adriano in Siria ;
;
]Mr. Setcliell. Same title, French operetta Nicandro Pimmaglione Ercole. Ora- ; ;
in three acts, text hy jMeilhac and Gilk', torios La deposizione della Croce, 1732 :
;
music by Robert Planquettc, given in Lon- La Vergine annunziata La sepoltura di ;
don, Oct. 13, 1882. Cristo. Eleven masses 3 do., without ;
RIP VAN ^YINKLE, overture for orches- Credo 3 Requiem 3 Te Deum 5 Gloria ; ; ; ;
tra, by George "Whitfield Chadwick, written 2 Kyrie and Gloria 1 Sanctus and Agnus ; ;
in Leipsic in 1879. The composer was 21 motets (offertories), partly for 4 voices,
awarded a prize by the Leipsic Conserva- partly for soli with orchestra 4 Litanise ;
torium for this work, first performed in Bos- lauretanfc 5 other litanies 6 Alma Re- ; ;
ton by the Harvard Musical Association in demptoris 6 Salve Regina 3 Miserere 10 ; ; ;
1880. It was given at the Handel and Haydn duetti per la Quadragesima 2 Stabat ;
Festival, Boston, in 1880, and at the Wor- Mater and other church music, all for 4 ;
cester (Mass.) Musical Festival, Sept. 26, voices with orchestra. Cantatas: 3 for
1889. special occasions, 1735, 1736 Nice a Tirsi, ;
RISCHBIETER, WILHELM ALBERT, 1739 Didone abbandonata, 1748 Lavinia ; ;
born in Brunswick in 1834, still living, a Turno, 1748 I lamenti d' Orfeo, 1749 ; ;
1890. Violinist,Haupt- Amore insuperabile Madonna in villa La

pupil of Moritz ; ;
mann occupied positions as violinist at pesca Virtu e Fortuna Cantata a alto solo
; ; ;
Leipsic, Bremen, Nuremberg, and Liegnitz, con stromenti 3 Cantate, do. Cantata a ; ;
and in 1862 became professor of harmony soprano col basso 8 arie (4 a soprano, 4 ;
and counterpoint at the Conservatorium in a alto) Numa Pompilio, serenade G Inter- ; ;
Dresden. Works Symphony Overtures mezzi Concerto for oboe, with strings 3
: ; ; ; ;
Other instrumental and vocal composi- symphonies for strings, 2 oboes, and 2
tions. horns.— Mendel Fiirstenau, ii. 119, 202.
;
RISPOLI, SALVATOR, bom in Naples RITA, OU LE lilARI BATTU, opera-

about 17-45, died (?). Dramatic composer, comique in one act, text by Gustave Vaez,
pupil at the Conservatorio di San Onofrio, music by Donizetti, first represented at the
Naples, where he became professor in 1792. Opera Comique, Paris, May 7, 1860. Rita
Works : Ipeimestra, Milan, 178G ; Idalide, marries a sailor, Gasparo, who on their
Turin, 178G ; II trionfo di Davide, Naples, wedding-day beats her and then flees to
1788 ; Church music La gelosia, collec- ; Canada. News comes that he has perished
tion of duos Toccatas for pianoforte, etc.
;
in a shipwreck, and Rita marries Peppe,
—Fetis ; Mendel. who allows himself to be beaten. Gasparo
RISTORI, GIOVANNI ALBERTO, born returns, and, finding that Rita has married
in Bologna in 1G92, died in Dresden, Feb. again, renounces his claims and, after teach-
7, 1753. Dramatic and church composer, ing PejDpe how to defend himself from his
son of an actor, with whom he went in 1715 better half,country forever.
leaves the
to Dresden, and was appointed in 1717 This opera was sung by Mme Faure-Le-
composer at the court theatre. In order to febvre, M. Warot, and M. Barielle. Clement —
accompany the king-elector to Poland, he et Larousse, 579.
became also director of the Polish chapel, RITORNA, O CARO, soprano aria of
established in 1717. In 1733 he was made Rodelinda, in G major, with acconqâni-
chtuuber organist, in 174G church composer, ment of strings complete, in Handel's liode-
230
; ;
RITOEXO
linda, Act EE., Scene 6. Publislied also Gazzaniga, text byMoniglia, Palermo, 1781
separately, with the accompaniment trans- by Giordani, same text, Mantua, Dec. 25,
cribed by Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner). 1782 Ulisse e Penelope, by Alessaudri, ;
RITORNA, VmCITOR See Alda. text by Filistri, Potsdam, Jan. 25, 1790 ;
RITORNO DI DON CALANDRINO, IL by Basilj, text by Moniglia, Florence, 1799 ;
(The Return of Don Culandrino), Italian by Simon Mayr, text by Privadali, Venice,
opera in two acts, music by Cimarosa, first 1809 La finta pazzia d' Ulisse, by Ziaui ;
represented in Rome in 1778. Same title, text by Matteo Noris, Venice, 1691 Ulisse ;
opera by Nicolo Picani, Naples, 1774. scono.sciuto in Itaca, by Pollarollo, Reggio,

RITORNO DI TOBIA, IL (The Return 1698 Ulisse e Telemacco, by Treu, Bres- ;
of Tobias), Italian oratorio, text by Gio- lau, 1726 Ulysse et Penelope, grand French ;
vanni Gastone Boccherini, music by Haydn, opera in five acts, by J. Ferry Rebel, Sr.,
first performed in Vienna, April 2, 1775. text by Henri Guichard, Paris, Jan. 21,
Characters represented Tobia, Christian 1703 La casta Penelope, by Antonio Draghi,

: ;
Specht Anna, his wife, Margarethe Spaug- text by Minato, Vienna, 1670 Penelope la
; ;
ler ; Tobia, their son, Karl Friberth Sara, casta, by Niccolini and Pallavicino, text by
;
his wife, Magdalena Friberth Raffaele, Matteo Noris, Venice, 1685

; by Perti, ;
archangel appearing as Azaria, Barbara Rome, 1696 Penelope, by Fortunato Chel- ;
Teyber. This oratorio was given at the leri, same text, Venice, 1716 by Conti, ;
Gewandhaus, Leipsic, in 1802 in Vienna in text by Pariati, Vienna, Feb. 6, 1721 by

; ;
1808. The overture w\as published by Sim- Galuppi, London, 1741 by Joao Sousa de ;
rock (Berlin, 1805) also by Ai-taria (Vi- Carvalho, Lisbon, 1782 Penelope, in French,
; ;
enna). Other oratorios on the same sub- by Piccinui, text by Marmontel, Paris, Dec.
ject, in Italian II ritorno di Tobia, by 6, 1785
: Penelope, in Italian, by Cimarosa, ;
Carlo Agostino Badia, text by Negro, Vi- Naples, 1795, and by Rota, text by Bottura,
enna, 1707 Tobia, by Porsile, text by Trieste, March 21, 1866 L' isola di Calipso,
;
;
Zeno, ib., 1720; Tobia, by Caldara, ib., by Bertoni, Venice, 1769 by Abbate Ber- ;
1720 II ritorno di Tobia, by Georg Karl nardino Ottani, Turin, 1777 by Pietro Carlo
;
;
Reutter, the younger, text by Pasquini, ib., Guglielmi, the younger, text by Romanelli,
March 5, 1733 ; La pazienza ricompensata Milan, Jan. 23, 1813 ; La parteuza d' Ulisse
negli avvenimenti di Tobia, by B. Casali, da Cahpso, by Sarti, 1776 Kalyi)so, in Ger- ;
Bologna, 1761 by D. Barbieri, Faenza,

; man, by Telemanu, text by Priitorius, Ham-
1777 La famiglia di Tobia, by Mysliweczek,
;
burg, 1727 CaUpso abbandonata, by Luigi
;
about 1780 Tobia alle nozze con Sara, can-

;
Romano, Briinn, 1793 Lapartenzad' Ulisse
;
tata by Gaetano Mariuelli, 1781 Tobiro ; da Calipso, by Giaccomo Insanguine, Naples,

matrimonium, by Simon Mayr, text by 1782 Calipso, in Italian, by Peter von
;
Foppa, Venice, 1791 in French Le retour ; :

Winter, Loudon, 1803 Kalypso, by Joseph ;
de Tobie, by L. Armand Chardiny, Paris, Kiihn, 1810 and L'ile de Calypso, French
;
1787 Tobie, by Eugene Ortolan, text by

;
operetta, by Pilati (Ruytter), text by Jullien
Leon Halevy, Versailles, April 16, 1867 Paris, December, 1857. See Circe and
and Tobie, by Gounod, Paris, 1870.— Bitter, Ulisse.
Geschichte des Oratoriums, 156 Pohl, ;

RITTER, AUGUST GOTTFRIED, born
Haydn, ii. 68, 338. Aug. 11, 1811, died at Magde- at Eifurt,
RITORNO D' ULISSE, IL (The Return burg, September, 1885. Virtuoso on the
Moui- organ and pianist, pupil in Berlin of Lud-
of Ulysses), Italian opera, text by
Monteverde, represented wig Berger, A. W. Bach, and Rungenliagcn.
glia, music by first
at the Teatro San Mose, Venice, in IGll. On his return to Erfurt

he became organist
1811 of
Other Italian operas on the same subject, by (1837) of the merchants' cluucli, in
231
HITTER
the cathedral at Merseburg, and in 1847 1 ; Dirge for Two Veterans (poem by Walt
of the cathedral at Magdeburg. He made Whitman), with melodramatic accompani-
several concert tours in Germany, and ment for pianoforte, op. 13 Serenade for ;
appeared often successfully as a pianist. male voices More than 100 German Lieder.
;
Works 3 overtures for orchestra 2 sym- Instrumental Five symphonies Overtures;

: ;
: ;
phonies for do. Concerto for pianoforte Concerto for violoncello and orchestra do.
; ;
and orchestra Quartet

;
for pianoforte and for pianoforte and orchestra Fantasia for ;
strings Motets Sonatas, preludes, varia- bass-clarinet, and orchestra

; ; Serenade- ;
tions, etc., for organ Die Kunst des Orgel- septet for flute, horn, and string quin-
;
spiels. — Ft'tis; Mendel. tet String quartets

; Pianoforte trios and
;
RITTER. FREDERIC LOUIS, born in other jîanoforte music. Literary His- :
S t r a s b u r g (of tory of Music (2 vols., Boston, 1870-74 ;
Spanish origin, London, 1878, 2d ed., 1880) Music in Eng- ;
family name Ca- land (New York, 1883) Music in America ;
ballero), June 22, (ib., 1883) Musical Dictation (Novello).

;
1834, still living, His wife, Fanny Raymond Ritter (born in

1890. Composer Philadelphia, 1840), is a talented musician
and musical Avriter, and writer. Among her publications are :
pupil of Moritz Woman as a Musician (London, 1877) and ;
Hauser and Hans Some Famous Songs (ib., 1878). She has
Michel Schlet- translated also Ehlert's Letters on Music to
terer, and later in a Lady (ib., 1877), and Schumann's Music
Paris of Georges Kastner. After two years and Musicians (2 series, ib., 1878-80). Fe- —
in Germany he returned in 1852 to France, tis, Supplement, ii. 424 Riemanu Men- ; ;
and became professor of music in the Prot- del Grove. ;
estant seminary at Fenetrange, Lorraine. RITTER, PETER, born at Mannheim

In 1856 he went to the United States, and about 1760, died there after 1813. Violon-
after several years' residence in Cincinnati, cellist, probably pupil of Abt Vogler in
vfhere he organized the Cecilia (choral) and composition, travelled in Germany and
the Philharmonic (orchestral) Societies and played in 1785 at the court of Berlin,
did much to advance the cause of music, re- where he had to compete against Duport.
moved in 1861 to New York and became About 1801 he became Conzertmeister, and
conductor of the Sacred Harmonic and director of the Singspiel at Mannheim.
—
Arion Choral Societies. In 1867 he organ- Works Ojieras Der Eremit auf Formen- :
ized and conducted the first musical festival tera, Mannheim, 1788 Der Sclavenhlindler, ;
of importance held in New York, and in ib., 1790 Die Weihe, musical prologue,
;
the same year was appointed professor of 1792 Die lustigen Weiber, operetta, 1794
; ;
music at Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, Maria von Montalban, Frankfort, 1801 ;
whither he removed in 1874. In 1878 the Die Zitherschliiger, 1813 Der Mandarin. ;
degree of Mus. Doc. was conferred upon Chamber music, and songs. Fetis Men- — ;
him by the University of New York. Works del.

— Vocal Psalm xxiii., female voices, op. 8
:
;
RITTER, THl^.ODORE (BENNET,
Psalm xcv., female voices with organ, op. called), born near Paris in 1830, died in
14 Psalm iv., baritone solo, chorus, and Paris, April 7, 1886. Pianist and comjôser
;
;
orchestra; Psalm xlvi., soj^rano solo, chorus, finished his studies under Liszt made his ;
and orchestra O salutaris, baritone and appearance as a virtuoso, when quite young
;
;
organ Ave i\Iaria, mezzo-soprano solo and travelled in Germany, Belgium, and Eng-
;
organ Hafis, cyclus of Persian songs, op. land, where he was a great favourite.
;
232
RITTER-BALLET
Works Marianne, opera, Paris, 1861 La March, 1882 Hand in Hand Polka, 1882
:
; ;
;
dea 18G5 Le paradis ]March of the Goblins, 1883 Concert etude

risorta, do., Florence, ; ;
perdu, scone dramatique Mepbistophules, inF-shai-p minor, 1887 and many transcrip-
;
;
do. ;Le sacrifice, vocal with orchestra, tions.

given at the Chatelet, 1875 Ave Maria a imÔLGETE A LUI, aria for bass with
;
2 voix, etc. Morceaux de genre, for piano- orchestra, in D, text from the opera, Cost
;
forte. —
Fc'tis, Supplement, ii. 423 Rie- fan tutte, music by Mozart, comi)osed for
;
niann. Benucci in Vienna in December, 1789.

RITTER-BALLET, by Breitkopf «fe Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie
for orchestra,
Beethoven, first performed at the Redouten- vi.. No. 45. Kuchel, Verzeichni.s.s, No. 584 — ;
saal, Bonn, March 6, 1791. It was com- Jahn, IMozart, iv. 520.
posed in 1790-91, but not published. The ROBBEKECHTS, ANDRfi, born in Brus-
original autograph is in the possession of sels, Dec. 16, 1797, died in Paris, May 23,
Artaria & Co. (Vienna). L Marsch for pic- 1860. Violinist, pupil of Van der Pluncken,
colo, two clarinets, two horns, two clarini, then in Paris of the Conservatoire and of
timpani, two violins, viola, and bass II. Baillot, finally; of Viotti. On his return to
Deutscher Gesang III. Jagdlied ; IV. Brussels, in 1820, he was ajipointed solo
;
Minnelied V. Kriegslied VL TrinkHed violinist to King William I., but after the
; ; ;
Vn. Walzer oder teutscher Tanz Vm. political events of 1830 settled in Paris.
;
Coda. Works Grande fantaisie for orchestra and :
RIV:fi-K[NG, JULIE, born, of French chorus Fantaisie romantique, for violin ;
parentage, in Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 31, and orchestra Grand duo concertant for ;
1857, still living, 1890. Pianist, pupil on violin and pianoforte Airs varies, romances, ;
the pianoforte in Cincinnati of her mother variations, duos, etc., for do. Fetis Men- — ;
(Caroline Staub Rive, 1822-82, a successful del.

teacher), in New York of William Mason ROBERT BRUCE, French opera in three
and S. B. Mills, in Leipsic of Carl Reinecke, acts, text by Alphonse Royer and Gustave
in Dresden of Blassmann, and in Weimar of Vaiiz, music by Rossini, first represented at
Liszt and in theory in Dresden of Wil- the Academic Royale de Musique, Paris, Dec.
;
helm Albert Rischbieter. In 1873 she made 30, 1846. The subject is from Sir Walter
a successful debut as a pianist at one of Scott's "History of Scotland" (2 vols., 1829-
the Euterpe concerts, Leipsic, under Rei- 30). Robert Bruce defends his crown against
necke's direction, and was about to make a Edward II. of England, and is aided by the
tour in Europe when she was recalled to Black Douglas, who is accompanied by his
America by her father's death. In the daughter Marie. She is in love with an
following winter she played in Cincinnati, English oflScer, Arthur, who saves the life
and 1875 at a Philharmonic concert in

in of Bruce. He is accused of treason, and
New York, and since then she has appeared as he is about to forfeit his life. Douglas
in the principal cities of the United States takes the castle occupied by Ivlward II. and
and Canada. Since 188G she has made expels the English. The music is a pastic-
her residence in New York. Wox-ks Im- : cio arranged by Niedcmcyer from foiu" of
promptu Mazurka, 1870 Impromptu in ;
Rossini's operas La donna del lago Zcl-
: ;
A-flat, 187G Concert etude in A-llat, 1877

; ;
mira ; Bianca e Falioro and Torvaldo e ;
Humoresque, 1878 Bubbling Spring, tone

;
Dorliska. The opera was not successful.
poem, 1878 On Blooming Meadows, con-
;
Original cast Robert Bruce, M. Baroilhet
: ;
cert waltz, 1879 ; Polonaise heroique, 1880 ;

Douglas, ]\[. Anconi Arthur, M. Bottiui ; ;
Mazurka caprice, 1881 ; Pensecs dansantes, Edward II., M. Paulin Marie, :Mine Stoltz ; ;
valse brillante, 1882 ; Knight Templar and Nelly, Mile Nau. Published by Trou-
:
EGBERT
lênas and by Eicordi (Milan). veals himself as Eobert's father, but Eobert
(Paris) ;
— Clement et Larousse, 581. is saved by Alice, who reads to him his
EGBERT LE DIABLE, grand opera in mother's warning against the fiend. While
five acts, text by Scribe and Delavigne, mu- Eobert is hesitating between good and evil
sic by Meyerbeer, first represented at the the clock strikes, and Bertram disappears.
Acadc'mie Eoyale de Musicûe, Paris. Nov. The scene changes to a cathedral, where
21, 1831. E was composed for the Opera Robert is awaited by Isabelle in her wed-
Conii(iue, but was not given until altered ding robes. The principal numbers in-
and adapted for the Academic, where it was clude: The ballad, "Jadis regnait en Nor-
rejiresented Avith splendour and received mandie " Alice's romance, " Va, dit-elle,
;
with enthusiasm. It requires all the acces- mon enfant ;" the chorus, "Au seal plaisir
sories of brilliant stage-setting and elab- with the Sicilienne, " O fortune, a
tidele,"
orate mechanical devices, and the ballet ton caprice " the soprano aria, " En vain
;
divertissement is a part of the story. Al- j'espere ;" the duo, "Ah,rhonnete homme ;"
though written according to the f)recise Alice's coui^lets, Quand je quittai la "
;
rules of the Academic, Meyerbeer broke Normandie " the evocation of the nuns,
from the conventional school of Eossini, " Nonnes qui reposez " the aria, " Eobert, ;
and pursued an independent course. Es toi que j'aime," sung by Isabelle the chorus ;
great fault is that the legend is not poeti- of monks Bertram's air, "Je t'ai trompe,
;
cally treated, but is given over to necro- je fus coupable " and, above all, the terzets
;
mantic tricks and supernatural situations " Fatal moment, cruel mystere," and " Que
of no dramatic value. This was the first faut il faire ? " Original cast
of the composer's series of great works,
Eobert M. Nourrit.
and its success was unparalleled. The
Alice Mile Dorus-Gras.
scene is in Sicily, where Eobert le Dia-
Isabelle Mme Cinti-Damoreau.
ble, Duke of Normandy, is banished for his
Helene Signora Taglioni.
misdeeds. He falls in love with Isabelle, Bertram M. Levasseur.
daughter of the Duke of Messina, and to
Eaimbault M. Lafont.
win her hand enters the lists at a tourna-
ment. While Alice, his foster-sister, is im- It was one of the most popular operas in the
ploring Robert to change his wicked life, repertory of the Academic, where in 1876
Bertram, Robert's fiend-father, enters and it received its 593d representation. It was
entices him to a gaming-table, where he first given in London at Drury Lane in
loses his wealth and in consequence fails to English as "The Demon, or the Mystic
attend the tournament. Bertram conveys Branch," Feb. 20, 1832, and by a rival com-
him to the cavern of Sainte-Irene, where pany at Covent Garden as "The Fiend
the former makes a compact with the evil Father," Feb. 21, 1832 and in French at ;
spirits holding an orgy there to deliver the King's Theatre, June 11, 1832, with the
Eobert, and he promises to restore Eobert's Paris cast, excepting Alice, Mme de Meric,
wealth and honour if he will gather a mys- and Helene, Mile Heberle. The opera was
tic branch from the Abbey of Sainte-Eosalie. first given in Berlin in 1832 in Leipsic ;
There among the ruins, Bertram, in an in- and Vienna in 1833 in Dresden in 1834 ;
;
cantation, raises the buried nuns. Robert and first in New York, Dec. 17, 1851. It
siezes the branch and flees to Isabelle, an- was first given in Italian at Her Majesty's,
nouncing his intention to carry her away. London, May 4, 1847, when Jenny Lind
Moved by her entreaties, he breaks the tal- made her debut on the English stage as
isman, thus destroying the spell. Bertram Alice, one of her best roles. It was also
begs him to sign the fatal contract, and re- one of Tietjen's best impersonations. Mile
234
;
EGBERT
Dorus and Mile Adelina Patti were very the service of a railway company, after the
successful in this character also Mine Viar- failure of his second opera in Turin, in
;
dot, who on one occasion, when the Isabelle 1858. Still cultivating music in his leisure
of the evening was taken ill, played both hours, he was induced, by the success of a
characters with remarkable skill. Full mass in London and other English cities,
score published by Brandus & Dufour again to devote him.self to nuisic, and
(Paris, 1831-32) and full pianoforte score settled in London. Obliged, by family con-
;
by Schlesinger (Berlin, 1833).— Clement et siderations, to return to his native country,

he settled about 1867 at Florence, where
he founded a choral school for the pupils
of the Pia Casa di Lavoro, in 1809 a gratui-
tous evening course for choral singing, and
later a seminary for teachers of element-
ary singing, all of which were successful.
In 1873 he founded the Societu Ai*monia

Vocale, and organized an orchestra for the
Greek-Russian chapel of Prince Demidoif
at San Donato. Livited by the cities of
Mechlin and Ghent, in 1875, to represent
Italy at the choral festivals as one of the
judges, he visited, on that occasion, also
the principal cities of Germany. In con-
sequence of the financial calamities at Flor-
ence about 1876, Roberti removed to Turin,
as director-general of vocal instruction and
conductor of the Stefano Tempia singing
society. Works Piero de' IMedici, opera,
:
Julie Aimee Dorus-Gras.

Turin, 1849 Petrarca, do., ib., 185S ]\ra8s
; ;
Larousse, 582 ; Mendel, Meyerbeer, 34 for 4 voicesand orchestra do. for 4 male ;
Lajarte, ii. 1-40 ; Liszt, Gesammelte Schrif- voices a cappella Music for vespers, for
;
ten, iii. 48 ; Han slick, Moderne Oper, 114 ;

mixed voices and orchestra Hymns and ;
Lavoix, Histoire de I'instrumentation, 407 ;

sacred songs for mixed chorus Armonia ;
Edwards, Hist. Opera, ii. 211 do.. Lyri- ;

vocale, 50 choruses, partly original, partly
cal Drama, i. 35, 242 Harmonicou (1832), ;

arranged ; 6 chamber terzets for mixed
47, 69, 70, 159 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., ;
voices and pianoforte ; 6 terzets for female
xxxiv. 473, 483 xxxv. 38 Athenaeum
; ;
voices and do. ; Chamber duets for do. ;
(1847), 499; (1871), ii. 5G7 Dr. Veron, ;

Inspirations italieunes, 12 songs for one
Mcmoires d'un boui-geois de Paris, iii. and two voices, and pianoforte ; L' Album
218; Clayton, Queens of Song, ii. 110; di Nina, do ; Sextet for pianoforte and
Upton, Standard Operas, 148. strings ;
Quartet for do. ; Trio for do. ;
ROBERT, TOI QUE J'AIME. See Quartet for strings ; Les feuillets de Ma-
Robert le Diable. delaine, collection of pianoforte pieces ; etc.
ROBERTI, GIULIO, born at Barge, —Mendel, Ergiinz., 394.
Piedmont, Nov. 14, 1823, still living, 1890. ROBERTO DEVEREUX, CONTE D'ES-
Dramatic and church composer, and mu- SEX, Italian opera in three acts, text by
sical critic, pupil of Luigi Felice Rossi in Cammarano, music by Donizetti, first roj)re-
Turin, having at tirst studied law. About sented in Nai)l(s in 1836. The libretto is
1850 he went to Paris, where he entered taken from Thomas Corneille"s tragedy,
aas
PtOP.EPwTS
" Le comte d'Essex." The climax is the ROBIN ADAIR (Aileen Aroon or Eileen
execution of Essex, put to death by order a Roon Ellen, the secret treasure of my :
of Queen Elizabeth on account of his love

heart), a song. The tune and original
for the Countess of Nottingham. The words are said to have been written during
score contains several fine numbers, and by the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by an Irish
a strange anachi-onism Donizetti has intro- knight, Carroll O'Daly, who, in the guise
duced into the overture the national anthem, of a harper, carried off his fair Ellen during
God Save the King, not composed until the festivities of her enforced marriage.
many years after the i)eriod of the opera. This ballad resembles Scott's " Young
The original cast included Baroilhet, Bas- Lochinvar." Many words have been writ-
sadona, and Mme Rouzi de Begnis. The ten to this old Irish air, including Burns's
opera was given in Paris at the Theatre and " Had I a cave," and
"Phillis the fair,"
Italien, Dec. 27, 1838 and at Her Majesty
;
Moore's "Erin, the smile and the tear in
'.s,
Loudon, June 24, 1841, with Rubiui as thine eye." The words bearing Robin
Essex Grisi, Queen Elizabeth Tamburini,
;
Adair's name have had several origins as-
;
the Earl and Mme Grauchi, the Countess of signed to them, for which see bibliography
;
Nottingham. It was first given in New York, below. The tune first became popular in
Jan. 15, 1849. Published by Breitkopf & the latter part of the 18th century, when
Hilrtel (Leipsic, 1840) also for the piano- Tenducci, one of the original singers in
;
forte for four hands (ib., 1840).— Clement Arne's opera, Artaxerxes, sang it in Ireland,
et Larousse, 581 Athenteum (1841), 510.
;
where he learned the song, and in England.
EGBERTS, JOHN YARLEY, born at It was published in London with the Ii-ish
Stanningley, near words written out phonetically, and the mu-
Leeds, England, Sept. sic. Braham gave the song Robin Adair
25, 1841, still living, currency when he sang it at his benefit at
1890. Organist, at an the Lyceum London, Dec. 17,
Theatre,
early age, of St. John's 1811. Braham's version was published by
Church, Calve rley- William Reeve (London, 1811) and it was ;
c u m - Parsley, near introduced by Boieldieu into La dame

Leeds, then of St. Bar- blanche. Beethoven arranged it for so-
tholomew's, Armley, prano, tenor, and bass, with the accompani-
in 18()7 of the par- ment of pianoforte, violin, and violoncello,
ish church, Halifax, op. 108. Breitkopf & Hilrtel, Euglische,
in 1882 of Magdalen College, Oxford, and Schottische, and Italienische Lie-

Irische,
in 1885 of St. Giles's, Oxford. He is also der. No. 259, Beethoven Werke, Serie
conductor of the University Glee and Mad- xxiv., No. 7. —
Robin Adair, Omnia vincit
rigal Society, founded in 1884, and of the amor (Kearsley, London, 1790) Conran, ;
Oxford Choral Society, and since 1886 one National Music of Ireland, 208 Notes and ;
of the university examiners for musical Queries, 3d Series, iv. 130 v. 404, 442, ;
degrees. Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1871 Mus. ; 500 vi. 35, 176, 254 4th Series, ix. 99,
; ;
Doc, ib., 187G Fellow of College of Or-

; 130, 197 ; 5th Series, v. 120 ; Grove.
ganists, London, 187G. Works Jonah, BOIS, pasticcio in three
: ROBIN DES
acts, from Weber's Der FreischiUz, by Cas-
sacred cantata Psalm ciii., for chorus and
;
orchestra Morning and Evening Services

; til-Blaze and Sauvage, first represented at ;
Appendix and Supplement to Cheetham's

the Odeon, Paris, Dec. 7, 1824. It was
Psalmody Anthems Organ music.
; given again at the 0])c'ra Comique, Jan. 15,
;
ROBESPIERRE. See Maximilien Ro- 1835 and at the Theatre Lyrique, Jan. 24, ;
bespierre. 1855. Published by Castil-Blaze (Paris,

230
;
IIOJJIN
1826).— Jabn, Weber, Verzeichniss, 316 Adam de la Hale was edited by E. de Cous-
;
Ciicilia, iv. 170 Revue et Gaz. mus. de semaker (Paris, 1872).— Ambros, ii. 295
;
;
Paris (1855), 25. Coussemaker, L'art harmonique aux XTT«

ROBIN ET MARION, LI GIEUS DE, siecles, 87 et Xni«
Larousse Choquet, ; ;
the oldest of all operas-comiques. Both text Histou-e

de la musique dramatique, :U
and music were written by Adam de la Hale, Revue de musique ancienne et modenie
and, according to Ft'tis, tirst represented (October, 1856) Fetis, i. 13 Mus. Woch- ; ;
about 1285 at the court of Naples, which enblatt (1874), 81 Revue et Gaz. mus. de ;
was at that time essentially French. Other Paris (1836-37), 412.

aiathorities place the date of its composition ROBIN HOOD, pastoral cantata, text by
before 1260, The work, a melange of di- George Linley, music by John Liphot Hat-
alogues and couplets in verse, interrupted ton, written for and first performed at the
by gi-aceful ariettas, has the following char- Bradford (England) Triennial Festival in
acters Robin : Marion le Chevalier le August, 1856,
; ; ; The solos were sung by
Roi ; Gautiers Baudons Peronelle, or Sims Reeves, Mr. "Weiss, Mr. Winn, and
; ;
Perette ; Huars
Warniers Gios and Ro- Miss Milner. Other works on same sub-
; ; ;
gaus. From composer received ject Robin Hood and his Crew of Soldiers,
this the :
the title of the founder of ojjera-comique, intermezzo, 1627 Robin Hood, musical en- ;
Marion, a shepherdess, loves Robin, a shep- tertainment, by Charles Burney, text by

herd, and while waiting for him in a field Mendez, London, 1751 Singspiel, by Will- ;
meets the chevalier Aubert, riding a fine iam Shield, London, 1784 do.. Maid Marian, ;
steed, with falcon on wrist, who makes love ib., 1788 Robin Hood, by Karl Friedrich
;
to her. She remains true to Robin, who Baumgarten, ib., 1786 English opera iu ;
now appears with other shepherds, who three acts, by George Alexander Macfarren,
pipe, dance, and sing. The chevalier re- text by John Oxenford, ib., Oct, 11, 1860 ;
turns, makes battle with Robin, and carries and romantic German opera, by Hermann
Marion away by force but she escapes Dietrich, text by Reinhart INIosen, Frankfort-
;
and returns to Robin and his companions, on-the-Main, April 6, 1879. A symi)hony,
and the work closes with joyful songs and Robin Hood, by Alfred Holmes, was per-
dances. Although the harmony is crude, formed in St. James's Hall, London, ^March
the music has a quaint and graceful charm. 31, 1875.— Athenreum (1856), 1089 (1860), ;
Fortunately the composer chose the only ii. 488, 522 (1872), i, 759 (1875), i. 464 ; ; ;
modes of plain-chaunt which accord with Upton, Standard Cantatas, 187,

the modern tonality. The IMS., prepared ROB ROY, overtiu-e by Hector Berlioz,
by M. Monmerque, was published by the written in Rome in 1830, and first given iu
Societc des Bibliophiles of Paris, an edition Paris in 1831. It was not well received,
of only twenty copies being issued for mem- and Berlioz burned the score immediately
bers, through Firmin Didot frcrcs (Paris, after the concert. Same title, English
1822) the second edition was published opera by John Davy, London, 1803 and
; ;
by Ant. Aug. Renouard in vol. ii. of the French opera by Flotow, text by Duport
third edition of "Des fabliaux ou contes de and Forges, Paris, May, 1837.
Legrand d'Aussy," and the text was also ROBUSCHI, FERDINANDO, born at
printed in the " Thi'atre fran<;ais du moyen Colorno, near Parma, Italy, Aug. 15, 1765,
age, public d'apres les manuscrits de la died (?). Dramatic composer, pui)il of For-
Bibliotheque du Roi," by L. J. N. Mon- tunati at Parma, of Padre ]Martini at Bo-
merque and Francisque Michel, published logna, of Sarti at ]\[ilan, and of Cimarosa
by Firmin Didot freres (Paris, 18:{9). An at Naples. On his rdurn to Parma he was
edition of the CEuvres completes du trouvtre appointed court composer. Among his
a'J7
;
ROCIIEFORT
thirty-four operas the most successful were : rector of theGewandhaus concerts. His
I Castroui, Parma, 1786 ; Attalo, re di Bi- Zeitung contributed largely
articles in the
tinia, 1788
Padua, H geloso disperato, ; to the general appreciation of Beethoven,
Eorae, 1788 Chi sta beue nou si muova,

;
Mozart, and Haydn. Works Die Vollen- :
Florence, 1789 La morte di Cesare, Leg- ; dung des Erlosers, cantata Mass Te ; ;
lioru, 1790 La Briseide, Naples I tre

; ; Deum Psalm xxiii. Choruses for men's
; ;
rivali in amore, Venice. Fetis Mendel. — ; voices Fiir Freunde der Tonkunst (Leip-
;
ROCHEFORT, JEAN BAPTISTE, born sic, 1824-32 3d ed., 1868) Saramlung

; ;
in Paris, June 24, 1746, died there in 1819. vorziiglicher Gesangstiicke (Mainz, 1838-
Dramatic composer studied music as a ; 40). —^Mendel ; Riemann ; F6tis ; Gerber.
choir-boy in the maitrise of Notre Dame, RODE, (JACQUES) PIERRE (JO-
and entered the Opera orchestra in 1775 as SEPH), born at Bor-
a double-bass player. Having been direc- deaux, Feb. 16, 1774,
tor of the little French opera at Cassel in died at the Chateau de
1780-85, he returned to Paris, resumed his Bourbon, between Ton-
position in the orchestra, and in 1815 was neins and Aiguillon
pensioned. Works : Dajihnis et Flore, pas- (Lot-et-Garonne), Nov.
toral ; scene
Ariane, L'enlevementlyric ; 26, 1830. Virtuoso on
d'Europe, ballet Jerusalem di'livree, do. ;
;
the violin, pupil of
La prise de Grenade, do. Bacchus et ; Fauvel ; at the age of
Ariane, do. Toulon soumis, piece repub-
; thirteen he was sent
licaine L'inconnue persecutee, opera-co-
; to Paris, where he
mique, Paris, 1776 L'esjDrit de contradic- ; studied under Viotti
tion, do., 1776 La pantoufle, do., 1776 ; ;
for two and in 1790 made his first
years,
La cassette, do., 1785 Dorothee, do., ; appearance under his auspices. In 1790-94
1775 La pompe funcbre de Crispin, do.,
; he was leader of second violins at the Fe}'-
Cassel, 1781 Les uoces de Zerbiue, do.,
; deau. After a concert tour in Holland and
ib., 1784 La force du sang, lyric drama,
; Germany, and a brief visit to London, he
Paris, 179-4 Pyrame etThisbe, melodrama,
; went a second time to Holland and Germany,
ib., 1782 Le temple de la posterite, can-
; and returned to Paris, Avhere he was ap-
tata ; 12 quartets for strings 6 duos for ; pointed professor of violin at the Conserva-
violins. —
Fetis; Mendel. toire, then just established. In 1799 he
ROCHLITZ, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, visited Spain, where he met Boccherini, who
^r*^'*-!-^— born wrote for him several concertos. In 1800

i n Lcipsic,
" "^^ Feb. 12, 1769, died he was appointed solo violinist to the First
there, Dec. 16, Consul, and in 1803 he went wdth Boieldieu
1842. Entered in to Russia, where he became first violinist to
1782 the Thomas- the Emperor Alexander. After his return
schule under Doles to Paris, in 1808, he travelled in Germany,
began to study the- Austria, and Switzerland, and at Vienna
ology, but poverty met Beethoven, who finished his sonata in
compelled him to G, op. 96, expressly for him. In 1814 he
leave the university went to Berlin, married, and retired to live
and to support him- in his native place. In 1828 he made an
^^ self by teaching ill-advised attempt to appear again in Paris,
and writing. He founded in 1798 the AU- but met with a complete failure, and, heart-
gemeine musikalische Zeitung, which he broken, never played in public again.
edited until 1818, and was from 1805 a di- Rode was assisted greatly in his composi-
8;)s
;
RODE
tions by Boccherini, who wrote the orches- Elsler, and Dehn, in Berlin. In 1848-52
tral accompaniments, Rode being deficient he conducted the choir at St. Matthew's
in theoretical knowledge. Owing to his Church, then for several years a singing so-
life of travel he had few pupils, but his ciety, and in 1862 assumed the direction of
influence, through his compositions and ex- the new academy for male chorus singing,
ample, on the violinists of France and Ger- founded by Miicke. He contributed largely
many was great. Chevaher of the Legion to several musical periodicals. Works :
of Honour late in life. Works 13 concer- Christmas and Passion :

cantatas ; Motets,
tos Thumes varies, with orchestra do., psalms, hymns, choruses,
; ; etc. ; Sonatas for
with quartet Fantaisie with orchestra
; pianoforte ; Music for military band, etc.
Cavatine et rondeau, with quartet 11 quar- ; His Tlieoretisch-praktische Schulgesang-
tets for strings 24 Caprices en forme ; bildungs-Lelire is widely known. — Fetis ;
d'etudes, dans les 21: tons de la gamme Mendel.

(these, with RODELINDA, Italian opera in three
Kreutzer's f a- acts, text by Nicolo Haym, music by
mous 40, hold Handel, first represented at the King's
their place as Theatre, London, Jan. 30, 1725. The scene
indispensable in is in the Royal Palace, Milan. Characters
the study of the represented : Rodelinda, Queen of Lom-
violin) ; 12 etudes ; 3 books of duos for 2
violins ; Methode de violon (with Baillot and
Kreutzer) Romances fran9aises Arietta.
; ;
—Fetis Supplement,
; do., ii. 428 Hart, ;
The Violin, 303 Dubourg, ; do., 197 Rie- ;
mann Mendel
; ; do., Ergiinz., 397 Har- ;
monicon (1831), 2G.

RODE, JOHANN GOTTFRIED, born at
Kirchscheidungen, near Freiburg, Prussia,
Feb. 25, 1797, died at Potsdam, Jan. 8,
1857. Virtuoso on the horn and other
wind instruments, pupil of the cantor and
organist Loewe in his native place, then of
Schnorr, city music director at Eisenberg,
and in composition pupil of Zelter in Ber-
lin, where in 1817 he had entered the band Francesca Cuzzoni.
of the royal guard riflemen battalion. In

1827 he became its director, and in 1852 bardy and Avife of Bertarido (S.), Signora
was appointed royal music director. Works :
Cuzzoni Bertarido, driven from the throne
;
Die Hubertusjagd, tone-painting Die ;

by Grimoaldo (C), Signor Seuesino Gi-i- ;
freundlichen KUinge der Jagd, do. Con- ; moaldo, betrothed to Edvige (T.), Signor
certos for horn, and trumpet Other mu- ;
Borosini Edvige, sister of Bertarido (A.),
;
sic for horn, and many arrangements of Signora Anna Dotti Unulfo, a lord of ;
overtures, symphonies, opera finales, etc. Lombardy, counsellor of Grimoaldo, but

—Fetis ; Mendel. the secret friend of Bertarido (A.), Signor
RODE, THEODOR, born at Potsdam, Pacciui and Garibaldo, Duke of Turin, ;
May 30, 1821, still living, 1890. Son and friend of Grimoaldo, and rebel to Bertarido
pupil of the preceding, and pupil of Wiede- (B.), Signor Boschi. Senesiuo won great
" Pompe vane di
mann at Potsdam, then of Louis Berger, applause by the recitative,
a39
EODELIXDA
morte," and the air, "Dove sei, amato tets Symphony ; for orchestra. — Fetis ;
bene," published by Arnold in the pastic- Mendel.

cio, "The Eedemption," as "Holy, holy, RODERIGO, Italian opera in three acts,
Lord God Almighty." Another air of Ber- music by Handel, first represented in Flor-
tarido's, in Act IT., " Con rauco mormorio," ence in July, 1707. Neither the libretto
has been published separately, Avith addi- nor the name of its author has been dis-
tional acconipauiiuents by Robert Franz, by covered, and the date of its composition is
Fr. Kistner (Leipsic). Cuzzoui was so suc- also unknown. The original autograph, in
cessful in this opera that the gown of brown Buckingham Palace, is incomplete, consist-
silk, embroidered with silver, in which ing of fragments of the first and third acts,
she appeared, was adopted by fashionable and the entire second act. The story is
dames, and Burney says, "for a year the that of the national hero of Spain, the Cid.
dress seemed a national uniform for youth Characters represented : Roderigo (S.) ;
and beauty." The duct, " lo f abbraccio," Esilena (S.) ; Florinda (S.) Evaneo
; (S.) ;
was sung by Mine Mara and Siguor Barto- Fernando (A.) ; and Giuliano (T.). Ro-
lini at the Handel Commemoration, May derigo's aria, " Dolce amor die mi consola,"
27, 1784. The autograph score, in Buck- is the same as Eurilla's aria, "Di goder," in
ingham Palace, was first published by Cluer Pastor Fido. The overture to Almira was
(London, 1725). The opera was repre- rearranged with a suite of dance tunes for
sented in Hamburg in 1734:. —Chrysander, the overture to this opera, the success of
Hiindel, ii. 128 ; Burney, iv. 298. which was extraordinary. The Grand Duke
EODELIXDA, REGIXA DE' LONGO- \
presented the composer with 100 sequins
BARDI, Italian opera, text by Bottarelli, and a service of silver plate, and Vittoria
music by Karl Heinrich Graun, first rep- Tesi, who sang the part of Roderigo, fol-
resented in BerHn, Dec. 3, 1741. The li- lowed Handel to Venice so that she might
bretto was translated into German by Rost. take part in the first representation of his
Other operas of this title By Perti, Florence,
: next great work, Agrippina. Published for
1710 by Canuti, Lucca, 1724
; by Cor- ; the Hiindelgesellschaft (Breitkopf & Hiirtel,
dans, text by Sarti, Venice, 1731 and by ; Leipsic, 1873). For other operas on this
Francesco Maria Veracini, London, 1744. subject, see Le Cid. — Chrysander, Handel,
RODER, GEORG VIXCEXT, born at i. 181 ; Rockstro, 47 ; Schcelcher, 14 ; Main-
Rammungen, Franconia, in 1780, died at waring, Memoirs, 49.
Alt-Oettiug, Bavaria, Dec. 30, 1848. Church RODIO, ROCCO, born in Calabria about
composer; studied at ^yannerstadt, while 1530-32, died (?). Composer of the early
organist in the Augustine monastery there, Neapolitan school, celebrated contrapuntist
then at Wiirzburg, where at the university and didactic writer one of the first mas-
;
he was pupil of Kurzinger in composition. ters who published and examples for
rules
In 1805 he became a member of the newly contrappunto da mente, in the treatise :
formed Electoral orchestra, and soon after Regole di Musica (Xaples, 3d ed., 162G).
was intrusted with the leading of the opera There is no date given of the first edition,
music. In 1830 he went to Augsburg as but it is supposed to have been about IGOl,
music director, and in 1839 was called to when he was living in Xaples. Padre Mar-
Munich as Kapellmeister to King Ludwig tini places him at the head of his school,
I. "Works: Die Schweden, opera, Prague, directly after Tinctoris. He published a
1842 La Messiade, oratorio Ciicilie, can-
; ; collection with Giovanni delle Castelle,
tata ; 7 masses ; Te Deum, with orchestra ;
Francesco Antonio Villani, and others in
Psalms and vespers, for all the festivals of 1589. The Abbate Santini wrote out sev-
the year, do.; Psalms for the Sundays ^Mo- ; eral of his masses in score from a collection
240
KODOLPIIE
printed in Naples in 1580. These are In composer and litterateur son of Thomas
:
;
doniinicalibus, Fac
In minoribus du- Rodwell, manager of the Adelphi Theatre,
tibi,
plicibus, Sancte Alphonse, Mater patris, all on whose death he succeeded to his share
for four voices Sancta Maria, Ultimi miei in the theatre. For years he persistently
;
sospiri, Descendit angelus, Missa de Beata advocated the establishment of a National

Virgine, all for five the last named is a re- Opera. Works— Operettas, etc. The Bottle
;
:
markable production, as it can be sung by Imp, The Mason of Buda, 1828 The Spring ;
4 voices if the quintus is suppressed, or by Lock, The Earthquake, The Devil's Elixir,
3 equal voices if the superius is omitted, or 1829 My own Lover, The Evil Eye, 1832 ;
;
by 3 superii if the quintus and bassus are The Lord of the Isles, 1834 Paul Clift'ord, ;
left out. Mass on Adieu mes amours, for G 1835 and many others. His two collections ;
voices Libro di ricercati a 4 voci (Naples, of songs. Songs of the Sabbath Eve, and
;
1575).— F6tis Burney, Hist., iii. 212 llie- Songs of Birds, abound in pleasing melo-
; ;
mann Mendel.
; dies. Grove. —
liODOLPHE (Rudolph), JEAN JOSEPH, ROEGKEL, JOSEPH LEOPOLD, born
born in Strasburg, Oct. 4, 1730, died in in London, April 11, 1838, still living, 1890.
Paris, Aug. 18, 1812. Dramatic comjDoser, Pianist, sou of Joseph August Roeckel (con-
instructed by his father on the horn and ductor and tenor singer, 1783-1870), pupil
violin at the age of seven, then in Paris pupil of Eisenhofer and GOtze. Lives and teaches
of Leclair on the violin. For several years at Clifton. Works— Cantatas Fair Rosa- :
first violinist in the theatre orchestras at mund, 1871 The Ten Virgins Ruth ; ; ;
Bordeaux, Montjjellier, and other cities of Father Christmas The Sea Maidens West- ; ;
Southern France, he entered about 1754 the ward Ho Heather Belles Mary Stuart. ; ;
service of the Duke of Parma, studied har- Pianoforte music and songs. His brother
mony and counterpoint under Traetta, and Eduard (born at Treves, Nov. 20, 1816), pu-
in 17G0 went to Stuttgart, where Jommelli pil of Hummel, is settled at Bath as a pi-
completed his instruction. In 1763 he anist and teacher. He has published many
returned to Paris, joined the orchestra of works for pianoforte.
Prince Conti, and two years later that of BOEDER, ]\IARTIN, born in Berlin, April
the Opera. Apiôinted professor of com- 7, 1851, still living, 1890. Dramatic com-
position at the Conservatoire in 1784, he poser, pupil of the royal school of music in
lost both positions in 1789, but was rein- Berlin went to Milan as chorus-master at ;
stated as professor of singing in 1799, and the Teatro dal Verme, and in 1875 founded
pensioned in 1802. For several years he a society for classical music, with which ho
was also violinist in the orchestra of the gave successful performances. In the win-
Theatre Franyais. Works Mcdee et Ja- ter of 1875-76 he conducted the opera at
:
son, ballet-heroique, Stuttgart; Psyche, do., Ponta Delgada in the Azores. Works
ib.; La mort d'Hercule, do., ib. Armide, ; —
Operas Pietro Candiano IV. Giuditta : ; ;
do., ib. Le mariage par capitulation, opura- Vera Maria Magdalena, oratorio Azoren-
; ; ;
comique, Paris, 1704; L'aveugle de Palmyre, fahrt, symphonic poem Lconore, do. ; ;
ib., 1767 Ismenor, Versailles, 1773 2 con- Trios, sonatas, etc.

; ;
Mendel, Ergiinz. —
certos for horn Fanfares faciles, for 2
; ROEMHILD, JOHANN THEODOIU-
horns 24 fanfares, for 3 horns Duos for KUS, born at Salzungen, Saxe-]\Ieiiiingcn,
; ;
violins ; —
Etudes for do,, etc. Fetis Men- Sept. 3, 1684, died at Mcrseburg in 1757.
;
del. Organist and church composer, pupil of

ROD WELL, GEORGE HERBERT
Johann Jakob Bach at Suhl, then of Schcllo
BONAPARTE, born in Loudon, Nov. 15, and Kuluiau at tlio Thouiasschulo in Loij)-
1800, died there, Jan. 22, 1852. Dramatic sic. In 1708 he became cantor at Sprcm-
241
KOGEL
berg, then at Freistadt, Silesia, and finally Magdalen College, Oxford, 1664 Mus. Doc. ;
organist and Kapellmeister at the Cathedral Oxford, 1669. He removed from Magdalen
of Merseburg. "Works : A
complete series in 1685, being ejected by order of James
of church music for the year 12 n. Works Airs in four parts for violins
entire ; :
secular cantatas, treating the life of man. and organ (1653) Hymnus Eucharisticus, ;
— Fctis Mendel.
; four parts, sung at Guildhall when Charles
KOGEL, JOS^, born at Orihuela, Ali- n. died there, July 5, 1660 Hymnus Eu- ;
cante, Spain, Dec. 24, 1829, still living, charisticus (2d), the first stanza of which is
1890. Dramatic composer, pupil of the sung in Magdalen College Hall as a grace
organist of the cathedral, Joaquin Cascales, after dinner (printed in a2:)pendix to Hawk-
and of the maestro de capilla Jose Gil. At ins's History) ; Evening service in G ; Ser-
the age of nine he arranged operatic music vices in D, A minor, E minor, and F (col-
for concert and military bands, and com- lections of Bo^'ce, Rimbault, and Ouseley) ;
posed waltzes and when ten wrote a

; Anthems ; Hymns ; Songs ; Instrumental
mass which became popular in his native music. — Grove ;Fetis ; Barrett, Eng. Church
province. His father had destined liira to Compo.sers, 69 ; Harmonicon (1832), 263.
the law, but from that time he assumed the ROGERS, CLARA KATHLEEN (Clara
charge of the orchestra and the military Doria), born in Cheltenham, England, Jan.
band of Orihuela, and although he went Massachu-
14, 1844, still living, in Boston,
through the course of six years' study of Vocal and instrumental com-
setts, 1890.
law at Valencia, he gave lessons and studied poser, daughter of John Barnelt (born,
counterjDoint and fugue under the organist 1802) and of Eliza Emily Lindley Bar-
Pascual Perez. He composed several Stabat nett (daughter of Robert Lindley, 1777-
Mater, funeral marches, etc., and a Jota for 1855) pupil of her parents, and from ;
four military bauds which was played at the 1856, at the Leipsic Conservatorium, of
university. After taking his degree he Moscheles and Plaidy on the pianoforte,
abandoned the law, became conductor of of David and Rietz in ensemble playing, of
several theatres in Madrid, and one of the Pajjperitz and Richter in harmony, and from
most popular writers of zarzuelas, of which 1858 of Goetze in singing. After gradua-
he wrote seventy-five. Pougin gives a list tion at Leipsic she studied in Berlin the
of sixty-one of these, from 1854 to 1879. pianoforte under von Billow and singing
Some of his works were written in collabo- with Frau Zimmermann and from 1861 ;
ration with other well-known Si:)auish com- operatic singing in Ital}^ with San Giovanni.
posers. —Fc'tis, Supplement, ii. 430 Men- In 1863 she made her de'but at Turin as Isa-
;
del, Ergiinz., 397. bella in Roberto il Diavolo, under the pseu-

ROGEES, BENJAMIN, born at Windsor, donym of Clara Doria, and afterwards sang
England, in 1G14, died in Oxford, June, at Genoa, Leghorn, Florence, and at the
1698. Church composer, son of Peter San Carlo, Naples where she appeared as ;
Rogers, lay-clerk of St. George's Chapel, Amina and Lucia. In 1866 she went to
Windsor chorister there under Dr. Na- London and sang in concerts five years in
; ;
thaniel Giles, and later lay-clerk. In 1G39 1871 she went to the United States with the
he became organist of Christ Church, Dub- Parepa-Rosa company, and appeared at the
lin, but in 1G41 returned as lay-clerk to Academy of Music as Donna Elvira in Don
Windsor, and on the breaking up of the Giovanni, and in other roles, and in 1872-73
choir, in 1G44, taught music in Windsor. sang with Pauline Lucca in several ojjeras.
Mus. Bac, Cambridge, 1G58 organist of In 1873 she settled in Boston, and gradually
;
Eaton College, IGGl reappointed lay-clerk gave uj) her career as a public singer to en-
;
at St. George's, Windsor, 1GG2 organist of gage in teaching.

; She was married, April
;;
liUGERS
24, 1878, to Henry M. Rogers. Works— pub- ing services in B-flat and D ; Anthems ;
lished Six songs for soj^rauo and tenor Part-songs and songs Organ music.
:
;
(.Schmidt, Boston, 1882) Selierzo for pi- ROHDE, EDUARD, born in Halle in
;
anoforte, op. 15 (ib., 1883) G songs, op. 1828, still living, 1890.;Organist and choir-
20 (ib., 1884) ; Aubade, song with violin master at St. George's Church, Berlin.
obligato (ib., 1885) ; 3 songs, op. 22 (ib., Works : Schildhorn, cantata for chorus,
1885) 5 songs, op. 24 (ib., 1887). Among soli, and orchestra
; Motets Sacred and ; ;
her unpublished works are a string quartet, secular choruses Organ and pianoforte ;
sonata for violoncello and i:)ianoforte, and music.

sonata for violin and pianoforte. ROT DE L.mORE, LE (The King of La-
ROGERS, ED:\IUND, born in Salisbury, hore), French opera in five acts, text by Louis
England, in 1851, still living, 1890. Chor- Gallet, music by Jules IMassenet, first repre-
ister at Salisbury Cathedral, 1860-65 or- sented at the Opera, Paris, April 27, 1877. ;
ganist of St. Thomas's, Portman's Square,

London. Works— Cantatas The Bridal :
Lay, 1871 Jack and the Beanstalk, 1879

; ;
Blue Beard, 1881 Beautj^ and the Beast, ;
1882 John Gilpin, or the Ride to Ware,

;
1883 The Pilgrim's Progress, 1883

; The ;
Forty Thieves, 1884. Mass in D Offer- ;
tory sentences Part-songs, and songs ;
Organ voluntaries, pianoforte music, etc.

ROGERS, FREDERICK F., born at
Cheltenham, England, in 1846, still living,
1890. Organist and choirmaster, succes-
sively, at Highworth (1863-65), Great Mal-
vern, College Chapel (1865-69), and St.
Peter's, Malvern Wells. Works Deborah, :
sacred cantata Psalm Ixix., for soli, chorus,

;
and organ Te Deum Offertory sen-

; ;
tences Many chaunts and Kyrie Songs

; ; 1 •''
and part-songs Pianoforte music. ;

Josephine De Reszke.
ROGERS, Sir JOHN LEM.\:f^, Bart.,
born in England, April 18, 1780, died, Dec. The libretto resembles Spontini's La vestale.
10, 1847. Amateur composer, member of Alim, King of Lahore, secretly loves Sita, a
Madrigal Society in 1819, and president in young priestess and niece of the high-priest
1820-41. Works Sixteen glees for 3, 4, Timour Scindia also loves Sita, and is re-
: ;
5, and 6 voices (London, u. d.) Church ser- fused her hand by Timour, because she has
;
vice in F Anthems, chants, etc.

; taken her first vows, which can be annulled
ROGERS, ROLAND, born at WestBrom- by the king only. Sita repulses Scindia,
wich, Staffordshire, Nov. 17, 1847, still liv- and is denounced by him and sentenced to
ing, 1890. Organist, successively, of St. death. Her unknown lover now reveals
Peter's, West Bromwich, 1858 ; of St. John's, himself as the king, and promises to save
Wolverhampton, 1861 Tettcnhall, 1867 ; the coiuitry from the invasion of the Sultan
Bangor Cathedral, 1871. Mus. Bac, Ox- Mahmoud if Timour will consent to lii.s
ford, 1871 Mus. Doc, ib., 1875. Works union with Sita. He agrees, but Scindia
; :
Prayer and Praise, cantata Sym})hony in vows vengeance. The second act shows the
;
A, for orchestra Quintet for strings Even- plains of Thol, where the battle is fought,
; ;
24:j
EOI
during which Alim is wounded and dies in life housekeeper Jeanneton dis-
until his
Sita's arms. The third act is in the para- covers the secret and he is proclaimed King
dise of Indra, where, in spite of heavenly- of Yvetot. The commander of Malta now
joys, AUm mourns for 8ita, and Indra prom- declares war and makes his nephew, Adal-
ises that he may return to the earth as a bert, the fianct' of Josselyn's daughter Mar-
mortal in the most humble condition, hut guerite, a chevalier, and he is forced to
he must die the same day that Sita dies. leave his promised bride. It is soon learned
Returning to Lahore, he finds Scindia on that Marguerite is the child of the com-
the throne, and he is treated by the court mander of Malta, who had abandoned her
as an impostor. Sita, who has escaped in infancy. No objections are made to the
from Scindia, takes refuge in the temple marriage, and the lovers are therefore re-
and intends to renew her vows. Alim joins united. Beranger's song, " II e-tait un roi
her, and they are about to flee when Scindia d'Yvetot," is introduced into the opera.
appears in the sanctuary, having entered by The original cast included Chollet, Josse-
a secret door. At this moment Sita and lyn ; Mile Darcier, Jeanneton ; Mile Rou-
Alim die together, and the scene changes, vroy, Marguerite Grard, Mocker, and Au-
;
showing them in the realms of the blessed, dran. Le roi d'Yvetot, opera-boufte in three
while Scindia, recognizing a divine powei', acts, by ]\I. L. Vasseur, text by Chabrillat
ispunished for his crimes. MM. Salomon, and Emery, Theatre Taitbout, Paris, April
Lasalle, Boudouresque, Menu, and Mile de 3, 1876. Clement et Larousse, 585 Neue — ;
Rcszke and Mile Fouquet appeared in the Zeitschr., xvii. 19G Allgem. mus. Zeitg., ;
original cast. —
Clement et Larousse, 941 xlv. 438, 8C1. ;
Hueffer, Musical Studies, 225 Athenreum ROI ET LE FERIVIIER, LE (The King

;
(1870), ii. 24 and the Farmer), comedie in three acts

ROI DU CIEL ET DES ANGES. See with ariettas, text by Sedaine, music by
l^'ophtte. Monsigny, first represented at the Italiens,
ROI D'YS, LE (The King of Ys), opera- Paris, Nov. 22, 17G2. The story is simple,
comique in five acts, text by Edouard Blau, A king of England, tired of the chase, takes
music by Edouard Lalo, first represented at refuge in the house of a farmer, or inspector
the OpL'ra Comique, Paris, May 7, 1888. It of the forest, named Richard, and in return
had a great success and was awarded by for his hospitality rewards him by favour-
the Acadc'mie des Beaux-Arts the Monbinne ing his marriage with a young girl, Jenny,
biennial prize of 8,000 francs. Scene in whom one of the king's courtiers wished for
Brittany in tlic Gth century ; theme, the de- himself. Same subject, Kunig und Piichter,
struction of the city of Ys by the waters of German Singspiel by Josef Michl (Munich,
the ocean. This opera had its 100th repre- 1777) and German opera in four acts, by
;
sentation in Paris, May 7, 1889. — Chron- Johann Christian Lobe, text by Biedenfeld,
ique des Arts (1888), 174 Weimar, June 22, 1844. Clement et La- —
ROI D'YVETOT, LE (The King of Yve- rousse, 587.
tot), opera-comique in three acts, text by de ROI L'A DIT, LE (The King has said it),
Leuven and Brunswick, music by Adol})he opera-comique in three acts, text by Ed-
Adam, first represented at the Opi'ra Co- mond Goudinet, music by Leo Delibes, first
mique, Paris, Oct. 13, 1842. The libretto represented at the Opera Comique, Paris,
is a liberal paraphrase of one of Beranger's May 24, 1873. The action is placed in the
chansons. Josselyn, a cloth-merchant, pos- time of Louis was played by Is- XIV. It
sesses the will of the late King of Yvetot, mai'l, Sainte-Foix, Lherie, Barnolt, and Miles
creating him the successor, but, loath to Chapuy, Ri'villy, Priola, Guillot, Nadaud,
assume the cares of royalty, lives a quiet and Thibault. Clement et Larousse, 873. —
214
:
ROI
ROI LKAE, LE, overture for orclief3tra, in resented asleep, while the shades of illus-
C, by Hector Berlioz, op. 4, composed iu Nice trious heroes pass Ijefore him, calling him
and Rome in May, 1881, and first performed to glory and the deliverance of his countr}'.
at the Conservatoire, Paris, nnder Habe- Boland rouses himself, resolving to follow
neck's direction, Dec. 9, 1832. It was first fame and not love. Original cast
given in Berlin in 1843 ; in Weimar in
Angelique Mile Rochois.
1844 ; and by the New York
Philharmonic
Thumire Mile Arinan.l.
Society in the season of 1846-47. The
Roland i\r. Beaumaviclle.
score, dedicated to M. Armand, was pub-
Medor :\I. Du Mesny.
lished by Richault (Paris, 1840). Published
by Hofmeister (Leii')sic). Arranged for the The part of Angrlique was sinig succes-
pianoforte for two and for four hands by J. sively by Miles Desmatins, Jouret, Antier,
A. Leibrock. Richault (Paris) and Litolff Le Maure, and Chevalier Themire, by ;
(Brunswick). Overture, King Lear, by Baz- jNIlles Poussin, Pelissier, Fel, and Jacquet ;
zini, London, 1880 incidental music to

; Roland, by Thevenard for forty-two years,
Shakespeare's play, by Joliann Andre, 1780 ;
afterwards by Chasse and Medor, by Pous- ;
and operas on the same subject Cordelia, : sin, Cochereau, Tribou, Jt'lyotte, and La
by Konradin Kreutzer, text by Wolff, Do- Tour. The score was published by Clir.
naueschingen, 1819, Vienna, Feb. 15, 1823 ;
Ballard (Paris, 1(;85 ; 2d ed., ib., 1709).
Cordelia, by Semeladis, text by Pacini and — Clement et Larousse, 588 ; Lajarte, i. 48.
Deschamps, Versailles, April, 1854 and ; ROLAND, French opera in three acts,
Cordelia, Russian opera, by Solovieff (1885). text by Marmontel, music by Piccinni, first
—Jullien, Berlioz (1888), G7 ; Neue Zeit- represented at the Acadc'mie Boyale de Mu-
schr., xxii. 5, 9. sique, Paris, Jan. 17, 1778. The libretto
ROLAND, tragedie-lyrique in five acts, was taken from Quinault. Original cast :
with prologue, text by Quinault, music by Angelique, Mile Levasseur Themire, ]Mlle ;
Lully, first represented at the Acadt'mie Le Bourgeois Belise, ]\Illo Gavaudan ; ;
Royale de Musique, Paris, Jan. 18, 1G85. Coridon, M. Laine Medor, M. Legros. ;
Lully, who gave the idea of the libretto to Published by Dezauche (Paris). Other
Quinault, regarded it as his best opera. French operas on the same subject Bo- :
Angelique, Queen of Cathay, is loved by land, by Rameau, finished by Ignaz von

Medor, an oflficer of the African king, and Beecke, ib., 17G0 Roland a Ronceveaux, ;
shares his passion. In the first act Roland, by Auguste Mermet, Paris, Oct. 3, 18G4 ;
nephew of Charlemagne, gives Angc'lique a and La revue pour rien, ou Roland a Bonge-
jewelled bracelet as a token of his love. Veau, a parody operetta by Herve, ib., 18G5.
The next three acts are placed near the en- See also Orlando. Clement et Larousse, —
chanted fountain of love in the midst of a 588 Lajarte, i. 294 Ft-tis, vi. 4G Schmid,
; ; ;
forest. Roland enters, and, disappointed at Hitter von Gluck, 323.

not seeing Angelique, who has made herself ROLAND, scenes lyriques, for orchestra,
invisible by aid of a magic ring, withdraws. from Quinault, by Henri Reber, first per-
Medor appears, and, believing that Ange- formed in 1875. Published by Colombier
lique will consent to accept the hand of (Paris).
Roland, is about to kill himself, when she HOLLA, ALESSANDRO, born at P.ivia,
enters and dispels his fears. Roland re- Lombardy, April G, 1757, died in Lilian,
turns and, the shepherds assuring him that Sept. 15, 1841. Violinist, studied tlic pi-
Angelique docs not love him, and exhibit- anoforte under Sanpietro, a jiricst of tlio
ing the bracelet which she left to them, be- cathedral, then luuler Fioroni at I\Iila]i,
comes mad. In the fifth act Roland is rep- but exchanged it for the violin, whicli ho
245
;
ROLLE
studiecl under Reuzi and Conti. In 1782 Hermann's Tod ; ]\Ielida ; Mehala ; Der
lie was called to Parnia, as chamber virtuoso Sturm, oder die bezauberte Insel Gedor, ;
^=-^.-iv.,. and solo violinist, and oder das Erwachen zum besseren Leben ;
had Paganini for his David und Jonathan Die Opferung ;
/ pupil a short time. Isaak's L' apoteosi di Romolo GiUter und ; ;
After the death of the Musen Die Schafer Die Thaten des Her- ; ;
Duke of Parma he re- cules Die Regungen der Freude Dank- ; ;
turned to Milan, in barkeit und Liebe Simson. IMusic for all ;
1802, and became the Sundays and Festivals Cantatas for ;
conductor of the op- Easter, AVhitsuntide, and Christmas 5 Pas- ;
era at La
20 motets Over GO other sacred
Scala. In sions ; ;
1805 he was appoint- compositions Anakreontische Lieder ; ;
ed first violinist of the Snmnilung geistlicher Lieder Sechzig aus- ;
chamber music of Eugene de Beauhar- erlesene Gesiinge Organ and pianoforte ;
nais, Vice-king of Italy, and professor at music IMusic for oi'chestra. Mendel ;
—
the Conservatorio. "Works 3 concertos Fetis Riemaun Gerber Schilling Roch-
: ; ; ; ;
for violin with orchestra 4 do. for viola litz, Fiir Freuude der Tonkunst, ii. 118.
; ;
Divertissement for do. Adagio et theme ;

ROLLEND IX SCHAUMENDEN AVEL-
varie,for violin and orchestra Quintette ;
LEN,bass aria of Raphael, in D minor, in
concertant for strings ; Several quartets and Haydn's Die Schopfung, Part I., No. G.
trios, besides duos for violin and viola, and ROLLING IN FOAMING BILLOWS.
for 2 violins. His son and pupil, Antonio See lioUend in schiiumenden Wellen.
(1797-1837), was first violinist at the Ital- ROMA, suite No. 3, for orchestra, by
ian opera in Dresden in 1823-3G, and pub- Bizet. Andante, Andante sostenuto e
I.
lished Concerto for violin

: Rondos alia ;
eantabile H. Scherzo, Allegretto vivace
; ;
l)olacca, with orchestra Variations bril- ; HI. Andante, Andante sostenuto e eanta-
lantes, do. do. with quartet, etc.
; Fetis bile IV. — ;
; Carnaval, Allegro vivacissimo.
Hart, The Violin, 215. Published posthumously by Choudens
liOLLE, JOHANN HEINRICH, born (Paris). Arranged for the pianoforte for
at (ûedlinburg, Dec. 23, 1718, died at two and for four hands. This records Bi-
Magdeburg, Dec. 29, 1785. Dramatic com- zet's impressions of Rome, which he visited
poser, pupil of his father, who was city after receiving the grand prix.
music director at Quedlinburg, and then RO:\IAN D'ARLEQUIN, LE (Harlequin's
at ^Magdeburg. Having studied law at Romance), pantomimes enfantines for the
Leipsic, he went to Berlin in 1740 to prac- pianoforte, by Massenet. Published by
tise it, but failing in his endeavour to make Schott (Mainz, between 1874 and 1879).
a position for himself as a lawyer, and at- ROMANI, CARLO, born at Avellino,
tracted by the musical life of the capital, Naples, May 24, 1824, died in Florence,
he entered the royal orchesti'a as violinist. ^Nlarch 4, 1875. Dramatic composei-, pupil
In 174G he became organist at St. John's, of Palafuti on the pianoforte, of Picchianti
Magdeburg, and in 1752 succeeded his fain composition, and of his uncle Pietro Ro-
—
ther as city music director. Works Ora- mani, who was a musical director in Flor-
torios or musical dramas Der Tod Abel's ence.
: He wrote recitatives for Weber's
;
David's Sieg im Eichthale Saul, oder die Der Freischiitz at the age of eighteen (Flor-
;
Gewalt der Musik Orest and Pylades Abra- ence, 1842-43). Chevalier of the Order of
; ;
ham auf Moria Lazarus Idamant, oder das the Crown of Italy, and member of the
; ;
Geliibde Jacob's Ankunft in Êgypten Die Accademia of the Instituto Reale di Musica,
; ;
Befreiung Israels ; Thirza und ihre SiJhne ;

Florence. Works— Oi)eras : Tutti anianti,
, ;
:
EOMAXO
Florence, 1847 1852 I
; II maiitello, ib., ; ferred upon him the degree of Doctor.
baccanali di Koma,
1854 I diaraauti ib., ; Works — Operettas Das graue Ungeheuer, :
della corona, ib., 1856 San Sebastiano, ; Boini, 1790

Die :Macht der ^[usik, ib., ;
oratorio, 18G4. He wrote several popular 1791 Der Rabe, ib., 1792 Die Gross-
; ;
patriotic songs, and some chamber, vocal, muth des Scipio, opera Die Ruinen von ;
and instrumental music. —Fetis, Supple- Paluzzi, do. Don Mendoza (with Bern- :
ment, ii. 43G. hard), Paris, 1800 6 symphonies 23 vio- ; ;
EOMANO, ALESSANDKO, called Alcs- lin concertos 33 string quartets 11 rondos; ;
sandro della Viola, born in Piome about and capriccios for violins 8 quintets with ;
1530, died (?). Virtuoso on the viol en- ; flute. Works for chorus and orchestra
tered the Pontifical Chapel as a singer in Die Glocke Die Harmonie der Spliiireu ;
;
15G0, and afterwards became a monk in the Ode. For solo and orchestra Die Kindes- :
order of Monte Oliveto, under the name murderin Die Macht des Gesanges Mo-
; ;
of Don Giulio Cesare. Works : Two nolog der Jungfrau von Orleans Der Graf ;
books of Canzoni napolitane for 5 voices

(Venice, 1572, 1575) ; Set of motets, in 5 CCa^C<^ lunJbir^K<^^,^—^ burg; Sehn-
parts (Venice, 1579) ; Concerti a <^ sucht; Te
piii voci e
stromenti, quoted by Adami de Bolsena. Deum Psalms Dixit Magnificat Halle- ; ; ; ;
His five-part madrigal, Non pur d' almi lujah Der Mesaias Selniar und Sclma ; ;
splendori, is jûblished in the Libro terzo and other vocal music. Mendel Riemann — ;
;
delle Muse (Venice, Gardano, 1561). Fe- Fetis Schilling Gerber —

Wasielewski, ; ; ;
tis Riemanu Gerber Schilling Men- Die Violine, 223 Dubourg, The Violin, 236
; ; ; ; ;
;
del. Rochlitz, Fiir Freunde der Tonkunst, i.
ROMANO, GIULIO. See Gaccini. 118 Harmonicon (1831), 159. ;
ROMBERG, ANDREAS, born at Vechta, ROMBERG, BERNHARD, l)orn at Dink-

near Miinster, Aj)ril lage, Oldenburg, Nov. 11, 1767, died in
27, 17 67, died at Hamburg, Aug. 13, 1841. Violoncellist,
Gotha, Nov. 10, 1821. son of Anton Romberg, the bassoon-player
Virtuoso on the vio- (born, 1777), with whom he appeared in
lin, son of Gerhard Paris in his fifteenth year he and his ;
Heinrich Romberg cousin Andreas Romberg were members of

(born, 1748 music ; the Elector's band in Bonn in 1790 9.3, to-
director at Mtinster) ;
gether with Reicha, Ferdinand Ries, and
appeared in jûblic Beethoven with Andreas he made a con-
;
when only seven years cert tour in Italy, Spain, and Portugal.
old made a concert
; After spending a short time in Hamburg,
tour with his cousin Bernhard in 1784, and he travelled alone in 1799 in England
was engaged for the Concerts Spirituels in and Spain was professor of violoncello at ;
Paris. 1790-93 he was a member of

In the Paris Conservatoire in 1801-3 ; became
the Elector's orchestra in Bonn, and, after solo violoncellist in the royal orchestra in
travelling in Italy, spent some time in Berlin in 1805. He travelled in 1807- 13 ;
Vienna, and in 1797 settled at Hamburg, was court Kapellmeister in Berlin for the
Induced by his cousin, then in Paris, he four years ending 1817 and then settled in ;
went there in 1800 to bring out some of his Hamburg ; made concert tours in 1822,
compositions, but, being unsuccessful, re- 1825, and the last in 1839. He did nuich,
turned to Hamburg, where he remained both as a composer and virtuo.so, to extend
until appointed in 1815 court Kai)ellmci8- the (•ai)abilities of his instrument. Works
ter in Gotha. The University of Kiel con- — Operas : Die wiedergefuudeuo Statue,
247
;
EOMEO
Bonn, 1790; Der Schiffbrucli, ib., 1791; Capulets, coming from the fete, pass by,
Don Mendoza (with Andreas), Paris, 1800 ;
singing snatches of the ball-music ; love-
Alma Ulysses ;
scene. IV. Scherzo: "La reine Mab, ou
und Circe, Ber- la fee des songes." V. Funeral procession
lin, 1807 ; Rit- of Juliette ; Romeo at the tomb of the
tertreue, ib., Capulets —Invocation,awaking of Juliette,
1817. Overtures delirious joy, despair, last anguish, and death
to Heinrich IV. of the two lovers Finale The crowd
; :
and to Pliildra ;
rushes to the cemetery, quarrel of the Capu-
Symphonies 9 ; lets and Montagus, recitative and air of
concertos for vio- Pere Laurence, oath of reconciliation. The

loncello ; 3 con- introduction, Parts I., II., and IV., and the
c e rt i n o s with scene of Romeo at the tomb of the Capu-
orchestra ; A fan- lets are purely orchestral. The tirst part of
tasia, with or- this work was tirst given in London under
cliestra; Russian melodies for violoncello the composer's direction at the Philhar-
and orchestra 9 string quartets Caprices ; monic Concerts, March 24 and April 28,
; ;
1852, and the entire work was first
given in New York by the Sym-

phony Society; and two move-
ments were played by the Phil-
harmonic Society in the season of
Polonaises 2 trios for strings Violoncello 18GG-67.
;
The score, first published by
;
duets and sonatas for violoncello Instruc- Brandus (Paris), was dedicated to Paganini,
;
—
tion book for do. (Berlin, 1840).^ Mendel; who said in one of his letters to Berlioz,
Riemann Fetis Gerber Schilling Har- describing the MS. which was sent to him
; : ; ; :
niouicon (1831), 159. "Now all is done; envy has nothing left
RO^klEO AND JULIET, overture to but silence." The copy was retouched
Shakespeare's tragedy, by Tschaikowski, and published again in ISIS, and a later
performed in Munich, March 12, 187G. It edition was revised by the com2)oser in
was tirst given in London, Paris, Vienna, 1857. Published Avith French and Ger-
and in New York by the Philharmonic So- man text, and for the jiianoforte, by Rieter-
ciety in 187G.— Mus. Wochenblatt (1876), Bieder-mann (Winterthur) by Hofmeister ;
2i7. (Leipsic). Arrangement for the piano-

ROMfiO ET JULIETTE, grand dra- forte by Theodore Ritter Second move- ;
matic symphony, with chorus, soli, and ment, La fete chez Capulet, for the piano-
prologue in choral recitative, after Shakes- forte for eight hands, by Richard Pohl
peare, text by £mile Deschamps, music by (Klemm, Leipsic) Adagio, Scene d'amour, ;
Hector Berlioz, op. 17, first performed at for the pianoforte for two hands, by Theo-
the Conservatoire, Paris, Nov. 21, 1839. I. dore Ritter (Schlager, Berlin).— JuUien, H.
Introduction Combats, tumult, interven- Berlioz, 123
: Jullieu, Berlioz (1888), 132 ; ;
tion of the Prince Prologue Choral reci- Revue et Gaz. mus. de Paris (1879), 130
; :
tative ; strophes for contralto solo scher- Signale (18G0), 152 Neue Zeitschr., xi.
; ;
zetto ("La reine Mab") for tenor solo and 102 xii. 31 xli. 1011 xlii. 17 Apthorp, ; ; ; ;
male chorus. II. Romeo alone melan- Berlioz, 51, 205 Hauslick, Concertwesen
; ;
choly concert and ball grand fete at the in Wien, ii. 289
; ;
Lavoix, Histoire de I'in- ;
house of Capulet. III. Cairn night Capu- strumentation, 135. ;
let's garden, still and deserted the young R0M:^0 et JULIETTE, opera in four
;
248
; — ;
ROMEO
acts, text by Charles Nuitter, music by Bel- episode, the interruption of Gregoire and his
lini, tii-st represented at the Opera, Paris, retainers the third, the marriage of Komeo ;
Sept. 7, 1859. This work was a rearrange- and Juliette in Frere Laurent's cell, and
ment of Bellini's I Capuletti ed i the introduction of a character invented by
jNIontecchi,
in three acts, Venice, March 12, 1830. The the librettists Stephano, Romeo's page —
third act of Vaccaj's Giulietta e Ilomeo was who in searching for his master provokes a
substituted for Bellini's fourth act. Oriai- general quarrel, in which Mercutio and Te-
nal cast : Romeo, Mme Vestvali, who made bald are slain. The fourth act contains a
her debut ; Juliette, Mme Gueymard Te-
long duet in Juliette's chamber, and the
;
bald, M. Gueymard Fri-re Laurent M. wedding-festivities of Juliette and Paris.

;
Mario and Capulet, M. Coudon. Other The last act is placed in the tomb of the
;
operas on this subject in Italian By Josef Capulets, where Juliette revives from the
:
Gotthild Brunswick,
Schwanberg", 1782 effects of the potion, and, finding Romeo
by Luigi Mareschalchi, Rome, 1789 Giuli- breathing his last, stabs herself and dies in
;
etta eRomeo, by Zingarelli, three acts, text his arms. The opera contains much good
by Giuseppe Foppa, Milan, Jan. 30, 1796 writing and several beautiful numbers, in- ;
by Niccolo Vaccaj, three acts, text by Ro- cluding The song of Queen Mab Juliette's :
;
maui, ib., Oct. 31, 1825, King's Theatre, waltz-song ; the air, oiseau" Comme un
London, April 10, 1832 Romeo e Giulietta, ; captif
;
the page's song, " Guardez bien la
"
by R Carlo Guglielmi, about 1816 Ro- ; belle ;
" and the duet, " Non, ce n'est pas le
meo, by Manuel Garcia, New York, 1826 ; between Romeo
jour, ce n'est pas I'alouette,"
Romeo e Giulietta, by Filippo Marchetti, and Juliette. Mme Miolan-Carvalho appear-
text by Marcello, Teatro Comuuale, Trieste, ed as Juliette, with ]M. Michot as Romeo,
Oct. 25, 1865 and by Antonio Mercadal,
; in the original cast. The part of Juliette is
Mahon, Minorca, March, 1873. Ojêras in a favourite with Adelina Patti, who sang with
French Romeo et Juliette, comedie by
: Mario as Romeo when this opera was lirst
Dalayrac, four acts, text by Monvel, Paris, represented in Italian in London at Coveut
July 6, 1792 by Sigismund von Rumliug,
; Garden, July 11, 1867. PubUshed by Chou-
Schloss Karlsberg, Munich, 1790 by Stei- ; dens, pianoforte score b}' H. Solomon (Paris,
belt, three acts, text by M. de Segur, Paris, 1867) Cramer & Co. (Loudon, 18(57)
;
Sept. 10, 1793 Les amants de Verone,

; Fiirstner (Berlin). Transcription for the
five acts, text and music by the Marqviis pianoforte by Liszt. Rhum et eau en juillet,
d'lvry (Richard Yrvid), Paris, Oct. 12, 1878. on Gounod's opera, by ]\L E. De- a parody
Operas in German : Romeo und
by a\I. de Jallais, was given at
Julie, jazet, text
Singspiel, by Georg Benda, three acts, the Theatre Dejazet, July, 1867. Clement —
text by Gotter, Gotha, 1778 burlesque et Larousse, 7-43 Revue et Gaz. mus. de
; ;
operetta by Storch, text by J. Forst, Vi- Paris (1859), 301 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, ;
enna, November, 1862. In English Dirge 207; Athenaeum (1867), i. 597, 66S, 699;
:
in Romeo and Juliet, by Dr. Thomas A. Neue Zeitschr. (1867), 225.

Arne, Loudon, 1750. —
Clement et Larousse, ROMEO UND JULIA, fantasy for or-
592. chestra, overture to Shakespeare's "Komco
ROMT^.O ET JULIETTE,
grand opera in and Juliet," by Johan Severin Svendsen, op.
five acts, text by Barbier and Carre, music 18. The score, dedicated to G. Sgaiubati,
by Gounod, first represented at the Theatre of Rome, was published by Breitkopf &
Lyrique, Paris, April 27, 1867. The libretto Hilrtel (Leipsic).
closely follows Shakespeare. The first act ROMEO UND JULIE, overture for or-
opens with the ball at Capulet's house the chestra, by Woldenuir ]>argiel. first per-
;
second shows the balcony-scene, with an formed in Rotterdam before 1871. Over-
21!l
;
EOMILDA
ture of the same title by Joachim Kaff, given RONTGEN, JULIUS, born in Leipsic,
at the Richter Concerts, London, June IG, May 9, 1855, still living, 1890. Pianist,
1884. pupil of his father (Engelbert ROntgen,
EOMILDA, Italian opera in two acts, text born in Deventer, Holland, 1829, violin
by music by Ferdinand Hiller, first professor at the Leipsic Conservatorium),
Rossi,
represented in Milan, Jan. 8, 1889. Pub- and of Hauptmann, Richter, and Plaidy in ;
lished by Ricordi (Milan, 1840). Other op- 1872 studied in Munich under Franz Lach-
eras on this subject By Bartolomeo Cor- ner. In 1873-74 he made a concert tour
:
dans, text by Paganicesa, Venice, 1731 with Stockhausen, and settled in Amster-
by Giuseppe IMosca, Parma, 1812 and by dam, where he still resides. Works: Sym-
;
Gavazzini, Milan, June 1845. *.), —

Allgem. phony Concerto for pianoforte Serenade
; ;
mus. Zeitg., xli. 271. for wind instruments Sonatas for violin, ;
ROMILDA E COSTANZA, Italian opera, for violoncello, and for pianoforte Other ;
music by Meyerbeer, first represented in pianoforte music. Riemann Futis, Sup- — ;
Padua, June 19, 1815. Lipparini, Campi- plement, ii. 430 Viotta. ;
telli, Bianchi, and Mme Pisaroni appeared ROOKE, WILLIAM MICHAEL, born
in the original cast. —Allgem. mus. Zeitg., in Dublin, Sept. 29, 1794, died in London,
xix. G12. Oct. 14, 1847. Violinist and pianist, mostly
ROMISCHE LEICHENFEIER (Roman self-taught, but pupil of Dr. Cogan in coun-
Funeral Feast), for mixed chorus, soli, and He became a teacher of violin
terpoint.
orchestra, text by Hermann Lingg, music and counterpoint, and had Balfe as a violin
by Max Bruch, op. 34. Published by pupil. In 1817 he was appointed chorus-
Leuckart (Leipsic, between 1808 and 187G). master and deputy leader at the theatre in
Also with pianoforte accompaniment (ib.). Crow St., Dublin. He removed to England
R0MI8CHER TRIUMPHGESANG (Ro- a few years later, and settled in London as
man Song of Triumi)h), for male chorus chorus-master at Drury Lane Theatre and
and orchestra, text by Hermann Lingg, teacher of singing. Works Operas: Ami- —
music by Max Bruch, op. 19, No. 1. Pub- lie, or the Love Test, London, 1837 Hen- ;
lished by Leuckart (Leipsic, between 18G8 rique, or the Love Pilgrim, ib., 1839 Ca- ;
and 187G). Also with pianoforte accompani- gliostro (MS.). .Pianoforte music and songs.
ment (ib.). — Grove.
ROMOLO ED ERSILIA, Italian opera ROOT, FREDERICK WÔODMAN, born
in three acts, text by Metastasio, music by in Boston, Massachusetts, June 13, 1846,
Johann Adam Hasse, first represented at still Chicago, 1890. Vocal com-
living, in
lunsj^ruck, in 17G5. The theme is the Rape poser, son and pupil of George Frederick
of the Sabines. Characters represented : Root studied also pianoforte under B. C.
;
Romolo, King and founder of Rome ; Ersi- Blodgett, Boston, and pianoforte, harmony,
lia, illustrious princess of the Sabines, to and composition under William Mason, New
whose hand Romolo aspires Valeria, noble ; York, and Robert Goldbeck, Chicago the ;
Roman lady, the promised bride of Acronte, organ under James Flint, New York, and the
and abandoned by him Ostillo, Roman
; voice under Carlo Bassini, New York, and
j)atrician, friend of Romolo and lover of L. Vannuccini, Florence (1869-70). He
Valeria Curzio, Prince of Antemnati, and was a church organist in Chicago in 1863-
;
father of Ersilia Acronte, Prince of Cenina, 89, teacher of voice and harmony in the
;
enemy of Romolo, and pi-etender to the Normal Musical Institute in 1870-85, con-
hand of Ersilia, and chorus of Romans. ductor of Mendelssohn Choral Club, 1879-
Scene in ancient Rome. Same text, opera 85, editor of The Song Messenger (Chicago),
by Josef Mysliweczek, Venice, 1773. 1872-76, and examiner in the American
250
EOOT
College of Musicians, 1889. Works Be- Europe. "Works Cantatas
: The Flower— :
yond, song, The crimson glow of Queen, given in New York, 1851 Daniel,
1868 ; ;
sunset fades, duet, 1870 The Extract of ib., 1852 Pilgrim Fathers, ib., 1854 Bel-
; ; ;
Opera, quartet, 1872 The Lauding of the shazzar's Feast, ib., 1855
; The Haymakers, ;
Pilgrims, chorus, written for the Beethoven ib., 1857 Song Tournament, 1870
; and ;
Society, 1876 Te Deum in G, 1880 3 others. Many songs and part-songs, in-
; ;
songs for a high voice, 1882 Sweet lone, cluding Hazel Dell (1853), Rosalie, the
;
quartet in canon-form, 1883 2 songs for a Prairie Flower (1855), The Battle Cry of
;
low voice, 1884 Hushaby song, 1888 and Freedom (1861), Just before the Battle
; ;
other songs and part-songs. He

(1863), Tramp, Tramp, Tramp (1864), and
is author,
also, of several didactic works and co-editor The Vacant Chair (1865). He has pub-
of collections of part-music. lished also many books of collections of
EOOT, GEORGE FREDERICK, born church music, including The Sabbath Bell
at Sheffield, Mas- (1856), Diapason (1860), Triumph (1868),
sachusetts, Aug. Glory (1872) of collections for choral so-
;
30, 1820, still liv- cieties, schools, and conventions, including
ing, 1890. Yocal The Silver Lute (1865), The Forest Choir
composer, pupil (1871), The Palace of Song (1879), Chonis
in Boston of Castle (1880), The Realm of Song (1SS2),
George James Pure DeHght (1883) The Musical Cun-i- ;
Webb. He be- culum, an instruction book for the piano-

came in 1839 as- forte, and other didactic pianoforte and or-
sistant teacher in gan works.

the music school RORE, CIPRIANO DE, born at :\Icchlin
of A. N. Johnson in 1516, died at
and later his part- Parma in 1565.
ner ; assistant organist and conductor of One of the most
music in the Winter Street and Park Street noted composers
churches, Boston, until 1844, when he re- of the 16 th cen-
moved to New York, became organist in tury', and a brilliant
the Mercer Street church (Church of the light of the Vene-
Strangers), and taught singing in the Rut- tian school. He
gers Female Institute, Spingler Institute, went to Venice at
Union Theological Seminary, and Institu- an eai-ly age, and
tion for the Blind, and conducted musical entered Adrian Willaert's music school.
conventions in various cities. In 1850 he About 1550 he entered the service of Eroole
visited Paris, and after a year's study re- IV. (not Ercole II., as Fetis, Grove, and
turned home and began composition, his Riemann have it), Duke of Ferrara, but
first large work, The Flower Queen, given went to Antwerp without leave of absence
in New York, being very successful. In seven or eight years later, and never re-
1859 he removed to Chicago and became a turned to Ferrara, as all the attempts he
member of the music-publishing firm of made to have himself reinstated in his po-
Root & Cady, which was dissolved in 1871, sition there in 1559 failed. Soon after this
in consequence of losses in the great fire. he was appointed vice maestro di cajipella
Since then he has continued to reside in at S. Marco, Venice, and on Willaert's death,
Chicago. In 1881 he received the degree in 1563, was appointed his successor as
of Mus. Doc. from the University of Chi- chief maestro. But he resigned this post
cacfo in 1886 he made a second visit to in 1564, and in 1565 ;u'('oi)lcd the position
;
;
ROSA
of chori prfefectus to Ottaviano Farnese, J
seriem," 7 voc, " Missa a note nere," 5 voc,
Duke of Parma, De Eore was Willaert's iu the Munich Library ; Superb MS. vol-
first great pupil, au J was also one of the ume of motets, with miniatures and portrait
first of the " classic " Venetian school to in- of de Rore by Hans IMielich, copied for
terest himself in the then new and much Duke Albert of Bavaria, ib. — Ambros, iii.
frowned down experiments in chromatic i 514 ; Fctis ; Grove ; Riemann.

writing which were beginning to disturb ROSA, SALVATOR, liorn at Aranella,
the musical world. But although he pub- near Naj)les, June 20, 1615, died in Rome,
lished five books of " chromatic madrigals," March 15, 1G73. Celebrated painter, poet,
it can be seen from these attempts of his and amateur musician, composer of madri-
that he was no more able than other musi- gals and cantatas, a complete collection of
cians of his day to make any progress to- which, in manuscript, was owned by Dr.
wards discovering the true nature and laws j
Burney. According to some accounts he
of chromatic harmony. Upon the whole, his '
played on the lute when veiy young, and

experiments in this direction were of merely was known in Naples as a lute-player much
secondary importance, and he did not allow in demand for serenades. His life was
them to divert him from the more reputable principally spent in Rome, Naples, and
diatonic counterpoint of his school, in which Florence, and was full of adventure and
he did all his really great work. Works : vicissitudes until the time when he became
Two books of madrigals, 4 voc. (Venice, celebrated as a great painter, and his early
1542-43; other eds,, 1552, 1569, 1575, struggles helped to tinge with bitterness the
1582) ; Madrigali della fama, 4 voc. (no poems composed for his music. Burney
date) ; Book III. of madrigals, 5 voc. (Ven- speaks of a music book of his that was sold
ice, 1544) ; Books IV. and V. in Rome in 1770, a collection of cantatas by
of do. (15G8,
not first editions, been lost) Carissimi, Cesti, Luigi, Cavalli, Legrenzi,
as these have
Madrigali cromatici, 5 voc, 5 books (1560- Capelline, Pasqualini, and Bandini in w^hich
G8) Book I. of motets, 4-8 voc. (Venice, many of the airs are to Salvator Rosa's
;
1544) Book H. of do., 4-5 voc. (ib., 1547)

; words. Eight of the cantatas had words ;
Book III. of do., 5 voc. (ib., 1559) Motets and music by Salvator Rosa. Dr. Crotch
;
in Cipriani de R. et aliorum Authorum mo- published one of the cantatas in his speci-
tetta, 4 voc. cum 3 lectionibus jiro mens of different kinds of music. Fctis;
. . . —
niortuis,Josepho Zarlino authore (1563) Burney, Hist., iv. 155 Salfi, Hist. lit. ; ;
1 Mass, "Doulce memoj're," in Liber mis- d'ltalie, xiii. Schilling. ;
sarum, 4, 5, 6 voc. (Venice, 1566) Fiamme ROSAMUND, English opera, text by Ad-
;
vaghe e dilettevoli, 4-5 voc. (1569) Salmi dison, music by Dr. Thomas Augustine ;
di vespero con Magnificat a 4 voci, 1593 Arne, first represented at Lincoln's Inn ;
Fields, London, March 7, 1733.

Susanna Maria Arne (afterwards Mrs.
J. Cibber) sang the part of Rosamund,
and her younger brother that of the
Fantasie e ricercari a 3 voci . . . page. Other operas on the same
da cantare e sonare com- . . . subject —
in English By Samuel :
posti da lo eccellentissimo Adriano Ai-nold, London, 1767 The Fair ;
Vuigliart e Cipriano R. suo disce- Rosamond, by John Barnett, four

polo Madrigals and mo-
(1549) ; acts, ib., Feb. 24, 1837. In Italian :
tets inmany collections published by Susato, Rosamonda d' Inghilterra, by Cai-lo Cocchi,
Phalesius, and others 3 MS. masses " Vi- text by Felice Romani, Venice, Feb. 28,
; :
vat Felix Hercules," 5 voc, "Prseter rerum 1829 ; by Luigi Majocchi, same text, Milan,
:
ROSAMUNDE
Feb. 12, 1831by Donizetti, same text,
; in D ; V. Romance for soprano, Der Voll-
Florence, 1831: by Anselmo Belisario, same
; mond
minor VI. Chorus of
strahlt, in F ;
text, Rovigo, 1835 Rosamonda, ossia il cas-

; Spirits VH. Entr'acte between Acts HI.
;
tello di Woodstock, b}^ Pietro Tonassi andand IV., in B-flut VIH. Shepherds' Melody ;
;
Callavo, Venice, 1839 Rosnionda d' Ingliil-

; IX. Shepherds' Chorus X. Huntsmen's ;
terra, by Otto Nicolai, Turin, 1838, Trieste,

Chorus XI. Air de ballet, in G. The ;
as Enrico U., April 26, 1839. In German overture, performed before the play, was
:
Kouig Heinricb U. und Rosamunde, by published by Schubert for the pianoforte

Franz Miiller, Laybacb, 1870 Rosamunde, for four hands as Overture to Alfonso und
;
by Friedrich Lux, about 1860, not given Estrella, op. 52 (now op. 69 Diabelli, Vi-
; ;
and Die Rose von Woodstock, bj' Wilhehn enna, 1827). The overture in C, known as
Bennewitz, text by Gustav Bouillon, Chem- the Overture to Rosamunde, op. 26, was
nitz, April 21, 1876. composed originally for the melodrama of
ROSAMUNDE, FURSTIN VON CY- the Zauberharfe, given in Vienna, Aug. 19,
PERN, romantic drama by 1820, and was published with its present
in four acts, text
Wilhelmine von Chezy, music by Schubert, name and opus number for the pianoforte
first represented at the Theater an der for four hands by Schubert in 1828. The
Wien, Vienna, Dec. 20, 1823. The libretto, second trio to the Entr'acte No. 7 was
originally intended for an opera, was hui'- composed in 1816 as a song, Der Leidende.
ried through in five days, and proved so The songs were published with jiianoforte
faulty that the work was withdrawn from accompaniment by Sauer & Leidesdorf (Vi-
the stage after two representations. The enna, 1828) The Spirit Chorus, by M. J. ;
libretto, now lost, tells the following story Leidesdorf (ib., 1828) ; the entr'actes, over-
Rosamunde, Princess of Cyprus, brought ture, and ballet music in full score b}'
up a shepherdess, is told of her rank on Spina (ib., 1866-67), who possessed the
coming of age. Fulgentius, who has been MS. of the ballet music. All the numbers
reigning over Cyprus meanwhile, offers her are published by Schreiber (Vienna). The
his hand, which she disdains, and his love Romance, by Breitkopf k Hilrtel (Leipsic) ;
then turns to hatred. He imprisons her, by Arnold (Elberfeld) SentY (Leipsic) and ; ;
and sends to her a poisoned letter by the by Holle (Wolfenbiittel) and an arrange- ;
Prince of Candia, who is in love with ment for the violin and pianoforte, by Miska
Rosamunde, and who, in order to be near Hauser (Siegel, Leipsic) for violoncello ;
her, has disguised himself, and entered the and pianoforte, by J. Stansky (Schreiber,
service of Fulgentius. He and for the pianoforte for two
delivers her a Vienna) ;
different letter, tells her the and she hands, by Stephen Heller (Schloss, Cologne);
2)lot,
feigns illness. At an opportune time he by A. Jungmann (Schreiber, Vienna) by ;
hands the poisoned letter back to Ful- F. Spindler (Siegel, Leipsic) and by F. ;
gentius, who dies, leaving Rosamunde free von Osten (Schuberth, Hamburg). Over-
to marry her lover. Several numbers of ture for the pianoforte, by Schreiber (Vi-
Schubert's MS. were discovered in 1867 enna) Andre (Otienbach) Litoltl" (Bruns-
; ;
by Sir George Grove, in a dusty cupboard wick) for four hands, by Peters (Lt'ii)sic)
; ;
in the house of Dr. Schreider in Vienna. Schreiber (Vienna) and HoUe (AVolfen- ;
The incidental music was enthusiastically biittel) and for eight hands, by F. G. Jan-
;
received. Its order of performance was sen (Schlesinger, Berlin)

: and by F. M. ;
I. Overture, in D minor ; H. Entr'acte be- Schneeweiss (Schuberth, Loipsio). Entr'-

tween Acts and H., in B minor III. Ballo, actes for the pianoforte for two hands, by
I. ;
in B minor, and Andante un poco assai, in Carl Reinecke (Schreiber, Vienna) for four ;
G IV. Entr'acte between Acts H. and

; IH., hands, by K. Hiibschmaun (ib.) and the ;
; : ;
PwOSE
" Oh, joyous, happy "

ballet music for two and four hands, by J. air, daj' ! Original
Herbeck (Schreiber, Vienna). Nottebohm, — cast
Schubert Verzeichniss, 45 Ki-eissle von ;
Elvira (Queen) Miss Louisa Pyne.
Hellborn, Schubert (Coleridge), i. 284-89 ;
Manuel Mr. W. H. Harrison
ii. 32G Grove, iii. 161.
;
Carmen Miss Susan Pyne.
HOSE ET COLAS, comedie in one act, Don* Pedro Mr. Weiss.
text b}' Sedaine, music by Monsigny, first
Don Sallust Mr. St. Alban.
represented at the Italiens, Paris, March 8,
Don Florio Mr. Honey.
1704. This was one of the many parodies
of Le (levin du village, given at Fontaine- —Athenfeum (1857), 1362 Upton, Stand-
;
bleau, Oct. 18, 1752. It belongs to the first ard Operas, 32 ; Kennedy, Balfe, 247.
jieriod of opera-comique, and it was from ROSE OF SHARON, THE, dramatic
reading the score of this work that Gretry oratorio in four parts, text by JosejDh Ben-
discovered his true vocation. —
Notice his- nett, founded on the Song of Solomon, mu-
tori(|ue sur la vie et les ouvrages de Mon- sic by Alexander Campbell Mackenzie, first
signy (Firniin Didot, Paris, 1818). performed at the Norwich (England) Fes-
HOSE M.UDEN, THE, cantata for cho- tival, under the composer's direction, Oct.
and orchestra, music by Frederic H.

rus, soli, 16, 1884. The motto of the work, which has
Cowen, first performed at St. James's Hall, been called the best oratorio ever written by
London, Nov. 23, 1870. Characters rep- a British composer, is " Love is strong as
resented Rose Blossom (S.), Mile Tietjens
: death, and unconquerable as the grave." Sol-
The Gardener's Daughter (C), Mme Patey ;
omon tears the Rose of Sharon from the Be-
The Forester (T.), Mr. Nordblom Spring ; loved, and makes her the favourite woman in
(B.), Herr Stockhausen. Athenseum (1870), — his harem. She remains true to her Beloved,
ii. 695. is restored to him, and returns to the vine-
ROSE OF CASTILE, THE, comic opera yards of Sulam. Prologue I. Separation ;

;
in three acts, text by Harris and Falconer, n. Temptation IH. Victory IV. Reunion
; ;
music by Balfe, first represented at the V. Epilogue. Characters rej^resented The :
Lyceum London, Oct. 29, 1857.

Theatre, Rose of Sharon, the Sulamite (S.), Miss
The plot, the scene of which is laid in Nevada ; a (C), Mme Patey Solo-
Woman ;
Spain, is an adaptation of Adolphe Adam's mon Mr. Santley The Beloved (T.),
(Bar.), ;
" Le muletier de Tolede." The music con- Îi-. Lloyd; The Elder (B.), Mr. Thorn-
tains some of Balfe's most successful songs, dike ; and choruses of Elders, Soldiers,
the buffo numbers being especially good, Priests, Shepherds, Vine-dressers, Nobles,
ami the ballads among the best written by and Maidens. This work has been received
any English coniposer. The principal airs everywhere with extraordinary enthusiasm.
include : The chorus, "List to the gay Cas- It was first given in London by the Sacred
tanet ;
" Manuel's song, " I am a simple Harmonic Society, Nov. 7, 1884 at the ;
muleteer," sung to the accompaniment of Crystal Palace, Nov. 22, 1884; in New
a tambourine and the cracking of his whip ;
York, April 16, 1885 in Glasgow, by the
;
the trio, " Wine, wine, the magician thou Choi'al Union, Dec. 8, 1885. Athenjeum —
art," sung by Don Pedro, Don Sallust, and (1884), ii. 535, 632 Upton, Standard Ora-
;
Don Florio ; Don Pedro's ballad, " Though torios, 199.

Fortune darkly o'er me frowns " the bal- ROSE PELGERFAHRT, DER (The Pil-
;
lad, "The Convent cell," beginning "Of grimage of the Rose), cantata for soli,
girlhood's happy days I dream," sung by chorus, and orchestra, text by Moritz Horn,
the Queen; the buffo trio "I'm not the music by Schumann, op. 112, first performed
Queen, ha, ha " and the Queen's bravura in Diisseldorf, Feb. 5, 1852. The subject
!
254
;
ROSE
of the libretto, which is weak, is that of a '
time in Frankfort, where his first attempt
young whose origin is revealed by a
girl at dramatic composition was made. He
rose, which never falls from her hand. gave a concert with Paganini at Baden-
Characters represented Die Rose (S.)
: ;
Baden in 1830 appeared in London in
;
Elfenkonigin and Miillerin (M.-S.) Max ; 1837, and settled in Paris the same year,
(T.) and Todtengriiber (B.). The work,
; playing often in chamber concerts with such
in two parts, containing twenty-four num- virtuosos as Alard, Ernst, Joachim, and
bers, was composed in 1851, and was first Maurin, and establishing a pianoforte school
written with a pianoforte accompaniment. with J. B. Cramer. He retired later to
It was given in Leipsic, March 2, 1852, and Baden-Baden. Works Operas —
Dor Be- :
at a concert of Eobert and Clara Scliumann such im Irrenhause, Frankfort, 1834 Lis- ;
at the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, March li, wenna (not performed) ; Le dOmon de la

1852. Published by Franz Kistner (Leij)- nuit, Paris,1851 Volage et jaloux, Baden-
;
sic, 1852). Arrangement for the 2:)ianoforte Baden, 1863. Three symphonies 4 trios for ;
for two and for four hands by A. Horn. pianoforte, violin, and violoncello 3 string ;
Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Schumann Werke, Se- quartets ; Concerto for pianoforte and or-
rie ix.. No. 8. —
Reissman, Schumann, 185 ;
chestra ; 2 violoncello sonatas ; Etudes,
Grove, iii. 417 Upton, Standard Cantatas,
; characteristic melodies, capriccio.s, and otlitr
321. pieces for pianoforte ; Adieu a la nier
ROSE, THE, cantata, by James (Lamartine), concert scena Songs. His
text ;
Russell Lowell, music by William Wallace brother Eduard (1818-61), also a pianist,
Gilchrist, first performed by the New York pupil of Schnyder von Wartensee, lived
Vocal Union, at Chickering Hall, New York, in Frankfort, teaching his instrument, and
Feb. 8, 1887. did much towards promoting the musical
ROSELLEN, HENRI, born in Paris, life of that city. He composed salon pieces
Oct. 13, 1811, died there, March 20, 1876. for the pianoforte. Mendel Schilling — ;
;
Pianist, pupil at the Conservatoire of Go- Fetis.

blin in solfege, of Pradher and Zimmerman ROSENMtJLLER, JOHANN, born in
on the pianoforte, of Dourlen in harmony, Electoral Saxony about 1615, died at Wolfen-
of Fc'tis (1830) and Halevy in counteriDoint, biittel, Brunswick, in 1686. Pupil at the
and of Berton in composition (1835). He Thomasschule in Leipsic, where he was
studied also the pianoforte under Herz. afterwards adjunct professor. In 1648 he
In 1827 he won the second prize for jîano- was music director and conductor of a
forte, and in 1828 the first in harmony. chorus, but, owing to some misdemeanour
He was one of the best known professors against his pupils, was impri.soned in 1655.
of his instrument in Paris, and a prolific Making his escape to Hamburg, he peti-
composer of pianoforte music. His works, tioned for pardon, and, meeting with a re-
which number fully two hundred, consist fusal, went to Italy, where he lived chioHy
principally of arrangements of popular airs at Venice. In 1667 he obtained permission
and His Mcthode de piano, to return, and was appointed Kapellmeister
transcriptions.
op. IIG, and Manuel des jnanistes, op. IIGa, by the Duke of Brunswick. Works Kern- :
are well known. Fetis — Riemann Men- spriU'he, mehrentheils aus heiligcr Schrift,
; ;
del. mit 3-7 Stimmen (Leipsic, 161S) Stu- ;
ROSENHAIN, JACOB, born in Mann- denten-Musik, consisting of pavanes, allc-

heim, Dec. 2, 1813, still living, 1890. Pi- maudes, courantes, ballets, and sarabandcs,
anist, pupil of Jacob Schmitt, Kalliwoda, for 3-5 instruments (lb., 1654) XII sonate ;
and Schnyder von Wartensee played pub- da camera a cintjuo stromenti (Venice,
;
licly from the age of ten, and lived some 1667).— Fetis ; Mondd.
ROSES
KOSES, JOSfi, born iu Barcelona, Spain, Louis Joseph Saint-Amaus, Brussels, 1783 ;
Feb. 9, died there, Jan. 2, 185G. and by Theodor von Schacht, about 1790
1791, ;
Priest and composer of church music, pu- Das Eosenfest, in German, by Ernest Wolf,
pil of Francisco Sampere, maestro de capilla text by Hermann after Favart, Wêimar,
at Barcelona. He was
at first organist in 1771 and the Eose of Salency, in English,
;
the monastery of San Pablo, then succeeded by W. Masters Chalmers, about 1870.— Cle-
his master at Nuestra Dama del Pino, where ment et Larousse, 597 Gretry, Essais sur ;
he remained thirty years. His church mula musique, i. 256.

sic is preserved in the archives of that EOSIEEES, LES (The Winners of the
church. Among his jDupils were Calvo y Eose), opcra-comique in three acts, text by
Puig, Kius, Casanovas, and a number of Theaulon, music by Herold, first represented
l)riests who became good musicians. Works at the Feydeau, Paris, Jan. 27, 1817.
: This,
Messe solennelle de Gloria, for full orches- the composer's first dramatic work, is full
tra ; 2 Eequiem masses, with instrumental of humour and was received with favour.
accompaniment Several masses for two It was given in Frankfort-on-the-Main as
;
choirs ; Motets, graduals, etc. —

Futis, Sup- Das Eosenmiidchen, in September, 1818.
plement, ii. 439 Mendel, Ergiinz., 400.
; It was revived at the Theatre Lyrique,
EOSETTI (Boesler), FEANZ ANTON, Paris, June 5, 1860, and at the Fantaisies-
born at Leitmeritz, Bohemia, in 1750, died Parisiennes, Oct. 23, 1866. Clement et —
atLudwigslust, Mecklenburg, June 30, 1792. Larousse, 597.
Destined for the priesthood, he studied in EOSINE, ou lY'pouse abandonnee, opera
the seminary at Prague, but obtained a in three acts, text by Gersain, music by
dispensation from the Pope and devoted Gossec, first represented at the Academic
himself to music. He became Kapellmeister Eoyale de Musique, July 14, 1786. Although
to Count Wallerstein, and in 1789 at the the music was well written, this work met
opera in Schwerin. In 1792 he was sum- with no success. Other operas of this
—
moned to Berlin, by Friedrich Wilhelm HI., title in Italian Eosina, by Cavalli, text:
to give his new oratorio. Works Jesus in by Faustini, Venice, 1652

: by Pacini, ;
Gethsemane, oratorio Eequiem, with or- Florence, 1815. In English

; by William :
chestra 7 symphonies for orchestra

; 15 Shield, Loudon, 1783
; German ballet, by ;
do. for various instruments Concerto for Doppler, about 1870 Operetta, by Eichard
; ;
flute and orchestra do. for clarinet

; do. Genc'C, Vienna, Dec. 25, 1881
; and Eosine ;
for horn do. for pianoforte

; Sextet for et Zely, French operetta, by Leblanc, Paris,
;
strings, flute, and 2 horns 9 quartets for 1790.— Lajarte, i. 350.

;
strings 9 sonatas for pianoforte and strings.

; EOSINGEAVE (Eoseingrave), THOaiAS,
— Dlabacz Fetis Mendel.
; ; born in Dublin about the end of the 17th
EOSIEEE DE SALENCY, LA, comedie- century, died in London in 1750. Organ-
pastorale in four acts, text by Masson de ist, sou and pupil of Daniel Eosingrave
Pezay, music by Gretry, first represented (organist at Dublin, 1698-1727) then stud- ;
at the Italiens, Paris, Feb. 28, 1774, having ied in Eorae and retui-ned to England about
been previously given at Fontainebleau. 1720. He obtained a position in the or-
The duet, " Colin, quel est mon crime ? " and chestra of the Haymarket Theatre, and in
the air, " Ma barque legere," were great 1725-37 was organist of St. George's Church,
favourites. Characters represented Jean Hanover Square. Works Voluntai'ies and
: :
Gau, Colin, and Ct'cile. Other operas of fugues for organ or harpsichord 12 solos ;
the same title, by Philidor (with Blaise, for the German flute, with a thorough-bass
]\Ionsigny, and tlie Baron von Swieten), for the harpsichord 8 suites of lessons for
;
text by Favart, Paris, Oct. 25, 1769 by the harpsichord or spinet 6 cantatas with
; ;
256
;
:;
ROSIER
accompaniments Anthems and songs. ; Ad- caduta degli angeli, oratorio, in MS., is pre-
ditional songs to Scarlatti's opera Narcisso,
served by the Fihppini at Naples. The fine
which he adapted for the English stage. and well-known scena, "Ah, reudimi," from
ROSLER, JOSEPH, born at Schemnitz, the opera Mitrane, gives a high example of
Hungary, in 1773, died in Vienna, July Rossi's power. Fetis Schilling Mendel. — ; ;
25, 1812. Dramatic composer, instructed ROSSI, LAURO, born at Macerata, near
by his father, an amateur musician, then Ancona, Italy, Feb.
formed himself by studying scores and theo- 20, 1812, died at Cre-
retical works. In 1795 he became music mona, May 6, 1885.
dii'ector of an opera troupe, with which he Dramatic composer,
travelled in Germany for ten years. Sub- pupil at the Naples
sequently he was engaged at the court thea- Conservatorio of
tre in Vienna. —
Works Operas La sor- Cresceutini, Fur no, :
presa, given in Prague La pace di Klentsch

; and Zingarelli. At the
La jjastorella degli Alpi ; II custode di se age of eighteen he had
stesso ; La forza dell' amore, Vienna, 1798 ;
produced two success-
Le due burle, Prague ; Clementine, oder ful operas and in 1832 was engaged, at
;
die Felseu von Ai'ona ; Elisa, Prinzessin Donizetti's recommendation, for the Teatro
von Bulgarieu, Venice, 1807 Die Heirath ; Valle at Rome. In 1834 he went to ]\Iilan,
Jason's Die Rache, Prague, 1808
; Das ; and brought out La casa disabitata, which
Zauberhorn, pantomime Die Geburt des ; afterwards appeared as I falsi monetari in all
Schneiders "Wetz-Wetz-Wetz. Cantatas the theatres of Itah'. In 1835 he accepted
II cyclope Marte al tempio della gloria
; the position of maestro di cappella and com-
Cantata on the death of Mozart, Prague, poser for an Italian company going to Mex-
1798 Concerto for pianoforte Sonatas for
;
where he remained until 1839, then
;
ico,
pianoforte and violin Quartet for strings,

;
went in the same capacity to Havana,
etc. —Fetis Mendel. ; where he married a German singer in 1841,
ROSS, JOHN, born at Newcastle-upon- and with her went to New Orleans in 1842,
Tyne, England, Oct. 12, 17G3, died at and returnetl to Italy in 1844. Settled at
Craigie Park, near Aberdeen, July 28, 1837. Milan, he took up composition again with
Organist, pupil of Hawden became organ- varying success was made director of the
; ;
ist of St. Paul's Church, Aberdeen, in 1783. Conservatorio in 1850, and twenty years
He enjoyed a good deal of local fame. after, on the death of Mercadante, was
Works G concertos for pianoforte and or- called to Naples to occupy the same post
:
chestra ; 7 sets of 3 sonatas for pianoforte ;

at the Conservatorio of that city, a position
3 sonatas for do. and flute or violin he resigned in 1878. Although well known
; 4 sets
of 6 waltzes for pianoforte Duets for do.; in Italy, Rossi's fame did not extend be-
;
Ode to Charity, for solo, chorus, and organ yond the Alps. Works Operas Le cou- ;
— :
6 hymns for 3 voices and organ Numerous tesse villane, Teatro Fenice, Naples, 1829
; ;
songs, etc. La Nuovo,

villana coutessa, Teatro ib., 1829 ;
ROSSI, Abbate FRANCESCO, born at Costanza ed Oringaldo, ib., 1830 ; La casii
Bari, Italy, about 1G45, canon there in 1G80. in vendita, Scommessa e matrimonio, ib.,
Dramatic and church composer, author of 1831 ; Lo sposo al lotto, ib., 1832 ; II
operas II Sejano moderno, Venice, 1G80

:
;
disertore svizzero, Rome, 1832 ; Le fucine
La pena degli occhi. La Corilda, o 1' amor di Bergen, ib., 1833 Amelia, Naples, 1834
; ;
trionfante della vendetta, ib., 1G88 Mi- ;

Leocadia, Milan, 1835 Giovanna Shore,
;
trane, 1689. He also composed i^salms, and ]\Icxico, 183G ; 11 borgomastro di Schiedam,
a Requiem for 5 voices (Venice, 1G88). La Milan, 1844 ; II dottor Bobbolo, Naples,
257
;
;
ROSSI
1845 ; Cellini a Parigi, Turin, 1845 ; La Turin, June 20, 1863. Church composer,
figlia di Figaro, Vienna, 1846 ; Azema tli pupil in composition at Naples of Raimondi
Granata, Milan, 1846 Bianca Contarini, and Zingarelli.
; On his return to Turin he
ib., 1847 domino nero, Milan, 1849 brought out an opera buffa, Gli avveuturieri,
; II
Le Sabine, ib., 1852 L' alcbimista, Naples, 1835, which proving unsuccessful, he de-
;
1853 La sirena, Milan, 1855 Un zingaro voted himself to church music. His masses
; ;
rivale, Turin, 1867 Gli artisti alia fiera, were called after the cities for which they
;
ib., 1868 La contessa di Mons, ib., 1874 were written.

; His motets are among ;
Cleopatra, ib., 1876 Bjorn, London, 1877; his best compositions. He contributed ;
Saul, oratorio, Rome, 1833. Six fugues for the musical articles to the Enciclopedia
strings ; 2 sets of v-ocal exercises ; Cantatas Popolare, by Pomba, and to the Gran Diz-
for sjiecial occasions Elegy for Bellini, and
; zionario della lingua Italiana of Tomaseo,
one for Mercadante.— Fetis do., Supple- ; translated Cherubini's Course of Counter-
ment ii., 441 Florimo, Ceuui storici, etc.
; point and Fugue, and Reicha's treatise on
Riemann Mendel. ; comiôsition. Works 2 solemn masses :
;
ROSSI, LORENZO, born in Florence in Masses of Corio, Alessandria, and Crescen-

1760, died (?). Dramatic composer, pupil of tino ; Mass alia Palestrina ; Requiem for
Bartolomeo Felici, and in Naples of Paisiel- male voices, with orchestra ; complete
3
lo; then, at the Conservatorio di San Ono- vespers ; Te Deum ; Magnificat Motets
;
frio, of Cotumacci. Works Ifigenia in : and psalms Le ; sette parole di Giesil Cristo
Aulide, Genoa, about 1798 I due fratelli ; sulla croce. —Fetis ; do.. Supplement, ii.
ridicoli, Turin, about 1790 L' Antigono, ; 441 Riemann Mendel.

; ;
Alessandria, about 1795 II geloso in ci- ; ROSSI, MICHELANGELO, born in

nicnto, Monza, about 1790 Le due cognate ; Rome, where he lived from 1620 until about
in contesa, Venice, 1796 Lo sposo burlato, ; 1660. and organist, pupil of Fres-
Violinist
Rome, about 1790 L' umanita Cantata ; ; ; cobaldi. Works
Erminia sul Giordano,
:
Church music S3'mphonies for 2 violins,

;
opera, Rome, 1625 Toccate e correnti ;
viola, bass, flute, 2 oboes, and 2 horns 6 ; d' intavolatura d' organo e cembalo (Rome,
rondos for pianoforte. Fetis Mendel. — ; 1657).— Fetis Mendel. ;
ROSSI, LUIGI, called II Divino, born in ROSSINI, GIOACCHINO ANTONIO,

Naples about the close of the 16th century, born at Pesaro, in the Romagna, Feb. 29,
was living in Rome about 1620. One of 1792, died in Paris, Nov. 13, 1868. His
the first composers of cantatas. Thirty-five parents were Giuseppe Rossini of Lugo,
by him are in the British INIuseum, Harleiau and Anna Guidarini of Pesaro, both of
MSS., and 112 in the Library of Christ humble rank and position, the father be-
Church, Oxford. His works are said to be ing trombadore, or town trumpeter, and
equal to Scarlatti's. The Magliabecchiana inspector of slaughter-houses, and the
Library, Florence, contains a scena, extracted mother a baker's daughter with a good
from an oratorio, Giuseppe, figlio di Gia- voice and some musical talent, which she
cobbe and the library of the Sacred Har-
; afterwards turned to account as j^rima
monic Society, II palazzo incantato, ovvero donna buffa at a theatre in Bologna, when
la guerriera amante, in ]MS. (Rome, 1642). the father had been imprisoned for actively
Gevaert gives two cantatas for a single voice sympathizing with the French Reiûblican
in " Les gloires d'ltalie." —
Grove Fetis faction in the political troubles of 1796. ; ;
Burney, Hist, iv. 152 Gerber Schilling; After his discharge from prison, he played
; ;
Mendel. the horn in the bands of the companies in

ROSSI, LUIGI FELICE, born at Bran- which his wife sang. The young Gioac-
dizzo, Piedmont, July 27, 1805, died in chino's childhood was thus passed amid
368
ROSSINI
musical surroundings bis early education gave up his studies in counterjjoint. His
;
was slight, except that he took lessons on musical schooling was at an end, and thence-
the harpsichord from one Prinetti, of No- forth he relied upon himself to learn what
vara, under whomhe continued three years, best he might in his own way. In this he
until his propensity for making fun of his set an example which was only too willingly
teacher brought about a rupture, and he followed by more than one of his distin-
was apprenticed to guished compatriots, and one l)y which the
a smith. His cha- subsequent decadence of Italian music is
grin at this was so in part to be explained. Rossini, Donizetti,
great that he re- Bellini, and Verdi, the greatest musical
solved to curb his geniuses in Italy in the present century,
talent for joking and consequently the leaders of Italian mu-
for the future, a sical thought, all broke off their studies
thing which, to his and entered upon a public career when
dying day, he their musical education was but half-com-
never quite suc- pleted. On dropping his contrapuntal
ceeded in doing, studies he took up his former business of
and began again to accompanist, and also gave lessons, and
take music lessons from Angelo Tesei, under undertook the direction of the Bologna Ac-
whom he studied singing and harmony. cademia dei Concordi. He did not wholly
He was soon able to read at sight, play sever his connection with the Liceo, how-
tolerable accompaniments on the pianoforte, ever, and at the close of his first year his
and sing solos acceptably in church. "When cantata, II pianto d' arnionia per la morte
ten years old he sang the part of Adolfo in d' Orfeo, Avon the first prize and pub-
Avas
Paer's Camilla on the stage, the only time licly performed, Aug. 8, 1808. His self-
he ever appeared in iDublic as a dramatic conducted studies at this time were mostly
singer. At the age of thirteen he was inHaydn and Mozart, his admiration for
rather noted as an accompanist, and would whom won him the nickname of II Tedes-
at times play the horn by his father's side chino. In 1810, when he was nineteen, he
in the orchestra he might have had good
; got his first order for an opera from the
engagements as a singer if he would have Teatro San Mose in Venice, through the
accepted them, but he persisted in singing influence of the Marchese Cavalli ; this
only at church. He attracted the notice of opera, a one-act comic piece, La cambiale
the Cavaliere Giusti, matrimonio, had a flattering success.
who became warmly di
attached to him, and did much to further
In 1811 he wrote a two-act opera buffa,
his general artistic culture. After three Equivoco stravagante, for the Teatro del
years' study under Tesei, he took singing Corso at Bologna, which was also a success.
lessons fi'om Babbini, when, his voice In 1812 he began writing opera after opera
changing, he had to throw up all his with inconceivable rapidity, now scoring a
church engagements, but was enabled to success, now making a fiasco, until liis
enter Padre Mattel's counterpoint class at Tancredi placed him upon the pinnacle of
the Bologna Liceo Communale (Conserva- popularity in Venice during the carnival of
torio). Soon afterwards he studied the 1813. But his Sigismondo failed lament-
violoncello under Cavedagni. He had al- ably at theFenice in 1815, and he returned
ready tried his hand at composition, and to Bologna, much disheartened. There he
was in a fair way to become a complete met the Neapolitan impresario Barbaja,
master of his art but ]\Iattei's pedantry
;
and accepted his otTer of 200 ducats (about
disgusted him, and after a few months he ';j;175) per month, and a small share in
25'.1
Rossmi
the proceeds of the gaming-tables, to as- careful treatment of the orchestra, and a
sume the musical direction of the San Carlo wealth and consistency of dramatic effect
and del Fondo Theatres in Naples, and that showed how fruitful had been his
write one opera yearly for each house. In studies in German and French music. Yet,
Naples he was unmistakably successful, in strange to say, with Guillaume Tell his
spite of the opposition of Zingarelli, Paisi- career as a composer practically ended. He
ello, and their adherents. But on a visit was only tliirty-seven, and lived to be
to Rome, just before Christmas, 1815, his seventy-six yet he stopped sliort in his
;
self-love met with a severe check Torvaldo

:
career at a period
e Dorliska was coldly received at the Teatro when he could
Valle, and Almaviva, ossia 1' inutile pre- hardly have reached
cauzione (later known as II barbiere di even the full de-
Siviglia, and his unquestioned masterjiiece velopment of his
in opera bulla) was damned outright at the powers, and dur-
Argentina. From 1815 to 1823 he wrote ing the remaining
twenty operas, mostly for Naples, but also thirty-nine years of
for Venice, Milan, and Vienna. The slight his life— more than
success of his Semiramide in Venice, in 1823, half of it — pro-
induced him to go to Loudon, where he duced nothing more
made about £10,000 in five months by con- for the stage, and nothing of importance in
certs and private lessons. In October he any form but the Stabat Mater (1832), and
went to Paris, where he settled himself per- the Petite messe solennelle (18G-4). After
manently, and undertook the musical direc- the production of Tell he wished to revisit
tion of the Theatre Italien. But he had no his father in Bologna, and resigned his office
organizing talent, and the theatre ran down of Inspector of Singing, but signed a con-
so in two years that the Vicomte de La- tract with the government of Charles X.
rochefoucauld deposed him from the posi- to furnish five operas for the Academie de
tion, almost at his own request, and obtained Musique in ten years, for the sum of 15,000
for him two sinecures, the post of Premier francs per ojêra, the government to give
compositeur du roi, and that of Inspecteur him a retiring pension of 6,000 francs in
general du chant en France, with an annual case of its not carrying out its part of the
income of 20,000 francs. Rossini's next contract. He then set out for Bologna,
move was to remodel some of his earlier where the news of the revolution of July,
Italian operas to French versions of the 1830, came to him. He returned to Paris
text, for the Academic Royale de Musique ;
in November, but Louis Philippe's govern-
thus Maometto II. became Le siege de ment repudiated the contract made by its
Corinthe, Mose in Egitto, Moise, and most predecessor, and Rossini could get no re-
of the music of II viaggio a Reims was dress from the law courts. He stayed on
adapted for the new Le comte Or}-. He in Paris, however, to hear Meyerbeer's Les
also began seriously to study Beethoven's Huguenots, and after its success, Feb. 29,
symphonies with Habeneck. His popularity 1836, he took a silent resolution never to
in Paris was unbounded, as it was indeed write anything more for the Academic de
all over Europe. In 1829 he produced his IMusique. But if these events explain well
masterpiece, Guillaume Tell, in which an enough Rossini's forming such a resolution,
almost total change of style is to be noted ;
they are quite inadequate to exjjlain his ad-
while still adhering to the accustomed hering to it as he did. The momentary
Italian form of melody, he here joined to hufTat the repudiation of a contract by the
it a richness and variety in harmony, a government would have blown over soon
200
;
KOSSINI
enough in a man of his easy-going disposi- rice et Saint-Lazare, commander of several
tion and the success of Meyerbeer's Ko- foreign orders, and honorary mendjer of
;
bert le Diable and Les Huguenots could many academics.

hardly have discouraged him, for he must AV'orks —
I. Operas: La cambiale di nia-
have felt in his heart that he himself was trimonio, Venice, Teatro San Mosi-, 1810 ;
the stronger man of the There can Equivoco stravagante, Bologna, Teatro del
two.
be only one plausible ex2)lanation of llos- Corso, 1811 Demetrio e Polibio, Rome,
;
sini's thirty-nine years of inactivity, and this Teatro Valle, 1812 L' inganno felice, ;
is his inveterate and unconquerable laziness. Venice, San Mosc, Carnival, 1812, and,
To a musician of his defective early train- as L' inganno fortunato, Paris, TlK-atre
ing and long want of practice in any but Italien, May 13, 1819 La scala di seta, ;
comparatively simple forms of composition, ib., ib.. Carnival, 1812 La pietra del ;
the labour of writing a work like Guillaume paragone, Milan, La Scala, Sept. 26, 1812 ;
Tell (to which he was doubtless spurred on L' occasione fa il ladro, ossia il cambio della
by the success of Auber's Muette de Portici) valigia, Venice, San ]\Io.sl', autumn, 1812;
must have been considerable. After the Tancredi, ib., Teatro Fenice, Feb. 6, 1813,
triumph of Tell, and the subsequent suc- and in a French rearrangement, by Castil-
cesses of Meyerbeer, he undoubtedly felt Blaze, as Tancrede, Paris, Odeon, 1827
that it would be both foolish and beneath L' lialiaua in Algeri, Venice, San Benedetto,
his artistic dignity to return to his earlier, 1813, and Paris, Theatre Italien, Feb. 1,
simjiler Italian style, a style which he must 1817 ; II figlioper azzardo, ossia i due
have foreseen was destined soon to become Bruschini, Venice, San Mose, 1813, and
obsolete and to nerve himself up to a rep- with French text, as Bruschino. Paris,
;
etition of the effort necessary to produce Theatre desBouftes-Parisiens, Dec. 28, 1857 ;
works like Tell was too much for his in- Aureliano in Palmira, Milan, Dec. 26, 1813 ;
dolence. He preferred to write nothing. II Turco in Italia, ib., La Scala, Aug. 14, 1814,
In 1836 he returned to Bologna, where he and Paris, Theatre Italien, May 23, 1820 ;
interested himself much in the singing de- Eimibetta, regina d' Inghilterra, Naples,
partment of the Conservatorio. His father San Carlo, 1815, and Paris, Theatre Italien,
died in 1839, but it was not until 1843 that ]\larcli 10, 1822 Sigii^mondo, Venice, Fenice, ;
he returned to Paris, to be successfully Carnival, 1815 Torvaldo e Dorliska, Rome, ;
operated upon for stone. He went back Valle, Dec. 26, 1815 II harbiere di Siviglia, ;
to Bologna, however, soon afterwai'ds. In ib., Argentina, Feb. 5, 1816, and Paris,
1847 the political disturbances in the Ro- Salle Louvois, Oct. 26, 1819, also in French,
magna drove him to Florence, where he as Le barbier de Seville, Odoon, jNIay 6,
lived until 1855, when he returned to Paris, 1824 La gazzetta, ;

Naples, Teatro de' Fio-
never to leave it again. During the last rentini, 1816 ; Olello, ib., Teatro del Foudo,
few years of his life he amused himself with Dec. 4, 1816 ; Paris, Theatre Italien, Juno
writing little pieces for the pianoforte. His 5, 1821, also in French, as Othello, ou le
funeral took place on Nov. 21, 1868, at the More de Venise (Castil-Blaze), Lyons, Dec.
Trinite, and was attended by almost every 1, 1823, and another version (Rover and
resident artist of distinction, besides several Vaez), Paris, Academic Royale de ]\Iusi(iue,
deputations from Italy. Rossini married Sept. 2, 1844 La Crnerentc/a. liome. Teatro
;
twice first, Isabella Colbran,

: the singer, Valle, Carnival, 1817 Paris, Tiu'atre Italien, ;
in 1822 then Olympe Pelissier, in 1847. June 8, 1822 (a French version, Cendrillon,
;
He was, at his death, Foreign Associate of was published, but not given)
La (/a:za ;
the Institut, Grand Officer of the Legion of ladra, :Milan, La Scala, iMay 31, 1817, and
Honour, and of the Order of Saint-Mau- Paris, Thi'fitre Italien, Sept. 18, 1821;
2(11
;
;;
EOSTAND
Ai-mida, Naples, San Carlo, 1817 ; Adelaide Congress of the Allied Powers, 1822 L' au- ;
di Borgogiia (Ottone, re d' Italia), Rome, gurio felice, ib., 1823 La sacra alleanza, ;
Teatro Argentina, Carnival, 1818 ; ^losb in ib., 1823 II bardo, ib., 1823
; II ritorno, ;
Egitto, Naples, San Carlo, March 5, 1818, Venice, 1823 II pianto delle Muse, Lon- ;
and remodelled, as Moise en Eg^-pte, Paris, don, 1823 I pastori, Najjles, 1825 II serto ; ;
Academic Royale de Musique, March 2G, votivo, Bologna, 1829 Napoleon III. et ; A
1827 ;Ricciardo e Zoraidc, Naples, San a son vaillant peuplc, Paris, July 1, 1867.
Carlo, 1818, and Paris, Theatre Italien, III. Sacred music Stabat Mater, Paris, :
May 25, 182-1 Adina, ossia il califtb di Salle Herz (incomplete), Oct. 31, 1841, and
;
Bagdad, Lisbon, 1818 Ermione, Naples, (complete), ib., Salle Ventadour, Jan. 7,
;
S.in Carlo, Lent, 1819 Edoardo e Cristina, 1842 La Foi, I'Esperance et la Charite,
; ;
Venice, San Benedetto, Carnival, 1819 La 3 choruses for female voices (scored for ;
donna del lago, Naples, San Carlo, Oct. 4, orchestra by Balbi), 1844 Petite messe ;
1819, and Paris, Theatre Italien, Sept. 7, soleunelle, 1864 Tantum ergo for 3 male ;
1824, also in a French arrangement, as La voices and orchestra, Bologna, S. Francesco

dame du lac (Lemiere de Corvey), Odeon, dei Minori conventuali, Nov. 28, 1847 ;
Oct. 31, 1825 Bianca e Faliero, Milan, La Quoniam, bass solo and orchestra O salu-
; ;
Scala, Dec. 26, 1819 Maomelto II., Naples, taris, 4 solo voices.
;
San Carlo, December, 1820, and remodelled, IV. Miscellaneous vocal music Gor- :
as Le siege de Corinthe, Paris, Academic gheggj e solfeggi Non posso, o Dio, resis- ;
Royale de Musique, Oct. 9, 182G Matilda tere, cantata Oh, quanto son grate, duet; ;
di Ciabrano, also as Corrado Cuor di Ferro, Ridiamo, cantiamo, 4 voices Alle voci della ;
Rome, Teatro Apollo, Feb. 25, 1821, and gloria, scena ed aira Les soirees musicales, ;
Paris, Theatre Italien, Oct. 15, 1829 Zel- 8 ariettas and 4 duets Inno populare for
; ;
viira, Naples, San Carlo, Feb. IG, 1822, the accession of Pius IX. Dall' Oriente ;
and Paris, Theatre Italien, March 14, 182G r astro del giorno, 4 voices Cara patria, ;
;
Semimmide, Venice, Teatro Fenice, Feb. 3, cantata Chant des Titans, chorus Se ; ;
1823, and Paris, Theatre Italien, Dec. 8, il vuol la molinara (his first composition)
1825, also in French, as Semiramis, Aca- La separazione, song about 40 other songs, ;
demic Royale de Musique, July 4, 1860 etc., published in Milan and Paris. ;
II viagglo a Reims, ossia 1' albergo del V. Instrumental music Lerendez-vousde :
giglio d' oro, Paris, Theatre Italien, June chasse, fanfare for 4 trumpets 3 marches for ;
19, 1825 Le comte Ory (remodelled and

;
augmented version of the preceding), ib.,

Academic Royale de Musique, Aug. 20,
1828 ;(JaiUaume Tell, ib., ib., Aug. 3,
t/^ ^c/iv ^^^^
1829 Itoherl Bruce (pasticcio by Nieder- the marriage of the Due d'Oi'leans Pas re-
; ;
raeyer from Zelmira, La donna del lago, double, for Abdul Medjid 5 string quartets. ;
Torvaldo e Dorliska, and Bianca e Faliero), H. S. Edwards, Life of Rossini (London, —

ib., ib.,Dec. 30, 1846. 1869) Silvestri, Della vita e delle opere di ;
n. Oratorios and cantatas H pianto

G. Rossini (Milan, 1874) Zanolini, Biografia
: d' ;
armonia per la morte d' Orfeo, Bologna, di Gioacchiuo Rossini (Bologna, 1875)
Aug. 8, 1808 Didone abbandonata, ib., Pougin, Rossini (Paris, 1870) Azevedo, G.
; ;
1810 Ciro in Babilonia, Ferrara, Lent, Rossini, sa vie et ses ceuvres (Paris, 1865)
;
;
1810 Egle ed Irene, 1814 Teti e Peleo, Struth, Rossini, sein Leben, seine Werke
; ;
Naples, 1816 Igea, ib., 1819

; Parteuope, und Charakterziige (Leipsic) Grove.
; ;
il)., May 1819 La riconoscenza, ib.,

9, ; ROSTAND, ALEXIS JEAN, born in
1821 ;
II vero omaggio, Verona, during the Marseilles, Dec. 22, 1844, still Hviug 1890.
2C2
ROTA
Composer and writer on music destined Having travelled in Germany and
; tion.
was allowed to
for a business career, he some time in Vienna, he returned lived for
cultivate his musical tastes only as an ama- to his native city. Works Holmara, Mu- :
teur studied solfcge and pianoforte under nich, 1809 Der Pilchter Robert, ib., 1811
;
;
;
Bignon and Jules Arnoux, and counter- Huldigungsfeste Der Kampf mit dem ;
point and composition under Auguste Mo- Drachen Priuzcssin Esclshaut Die Zau- ; ;
rel at the Conservatoire of Marseilles. He berin Sidonie Zcmire und Azor Die zwi'.lf ; ;
composed an opera at the age of fourteen. schlafenden Jungfrauen Das Abenteuer ;
His oratorio Ruth, first composed with an im Guadarama Gebirge, Vieima, 1825 Das ;
accompaniment for pianoforte, organ, harp, Staberl vom Freischiitz, ib., 1820 Con- ;
violoncello, and double-Lasses, and per- certo for flute 3 themes varies, for flute, ;
formed in private in 1870, was enlarged violin, viola, and bass. Fetis Mendel. — ;
and orchestrated and given in public at ROTOLI, AUGUSTO, born in Rome,

Marseilles in 1872. He has taken an im- Jan. 7, 1847, still living, 1890. Vocal com-
portant part in editing the Jovirnal Musical poser, educated at the Ospizio di San
of Marseilles, and is one of the collaborators Michele, where he studied singing, piano-
of the Supplement to Fetis's " Biographic forte, and harmony under Lucchesi. He
des Musiciens. " Member of Marseilles Acad- became a member of the choir of St. Peter'.s,
emy, 1874. Works : Les pi'cheurs de Ca- where his fine soprano voice attracted no-
tane, opera, Marseilles, 1858 Ruth, orato- tice, and he was soon in gi-eat demand as
;
rio, ib., 1872 ; Gloria victis, ballad for soli, solo singer at special musical solemnities,
chorus, and orchestra ; Psalm
and became a notable rival in public fa-
for 4 voices ;
Pianoforte music, and 20 melodies, for voice vour of Mustafa, the famous castrato. Be-
and pianoforte. He published L'Ai-t en fore leaving the Ospizio he studied coun-
province, etc. (Paris, 1874). —
Fetis, Suj^ple- terpoint under Salesi. At the age of seven-
ment, ii. 446. teen, his voice having changed, he gave up
ROTA, ANDREA, born Bologna about singing for a while, devoting himself chiefly
at
1753, died there, June, 1597. Church com- to teaching the pianoforte and singing, in
poser, choirmaster at San Petronio in his na- which he soon attained distinction. He
tive city in 1583, previous to which he had was elected member of the Societa do' (ûi-
lived in Rome, conducting a music school, riti, and founded the Societa corale de' con-
which was well frequented, notwithstanding certi sagri, of which he assumed the con-
its competition with Palestrina and Nanini. ductorship, and which is now the leading
Works Madrigali a cinque voci, lib. i. choral society in Rome. In 1870 he was
:
(Venice, 1579) ; Mo- appointed singing teacher to the Princess

do., lib. ii. (ib., 1579) ;
tetti a 5, 6, 1584) do., Margherita, now Queen of Italy.

7 voci, Hb. i. (ib., In 1878;
lib. ii. (ib., 1595) II primo libro di madri- he was made director of the Cappella realc
;
gali a 4 voci (ib., 1592) Liber primus mis- del Sudario, and was invited to London by
;
sarum quatuor, quinque et sex vocum (ib., Henry Leslie to conduct his choir in two
1595) Dixit Dominus, for 8 voices Hodie
; ; concerts of old Italian church nni.sic at
Christus natus est, motet for 9 voices Mag- ; which several works in the repertory of tlic
nificat for 12 do., in 3 choirs. Fetis Men- — ; Sixtine Chapel were sung. On liis return
del ; do., Ergilnz., 402. to Rome he was chosen by Liszt to con-
ROTH, PHILIPP, born in Munich, IMarch duct the orchestra in his E-flat concerto,
G, 1779, died there after 1858. Dramatic played by himself at a concert at his villa
com2:)Oser, pupil of the court nuisician at Tivoli. His reputation as a conductor
Schwarz on the flute, violin, violoncello, was now fully equal to his fame as a teacher,
and pianoforte, and of Winter in comijosi- and his annual concerts of sacred choral
368
:
HOTTER
music became a notable feature of the Ro- the composition of military music, which
man season. He became Avidely known also was executed by the pupils of the Gymnase
as a song writer, his songs achieving great de Musique Militaire, under Caraf a. After-
popularity. In 1885 he went to Boston, wards he organized a military band of 65
Mass., on invitation of the New England men in the drpartement de I'Eure, where his
Conservatory of Music, where he has since estates are situated. Works La perle de :
taught singing. In 1878 he was made Frascati, opcra-comique, Rouen, 1859 La ;
chevalier of the Order of the Crown of chasse du Burgrave, dramatic scene for 7
Italy by a luotu proprio of the King he is voices and chorus, 1851 Le renc'gat de
; ;
also chevalier of the Order of Christ of the Tanger, cantata, Paris, 1853.— Fc'tis.
Queen of Portugal, and of the Order of ROUCOURT, JEAN BAPTISTE, born
Saint-Maurice et Saint-Lazare. Works at Brussels, Oct. 28, 1780, died there, May
tSalnio elegiaco in morte di Vittorio Enia- 1, 1849. Church composer, pupil of Van
nuele, for baritone solo, chorus, and orches- Helmont, then in Paris at the Conservatoire
tra, Eome, 1878 ; Messa a 4 voci soli, sung and of Fiocchi. After his retiirn to Brus-
at the funeral of Victor Emanuel in Rome, sels, in 1812, he was for a long time the
1878 (the 5-voice Benedictus in this mass only singing master of reputation, and
is still repeatedly sung in Rome) Many opened at his own risk a school, which was
;
songs Avith pianoforte Serate d' inverno, subventioned in 1823 by the government as
:
Al ti-amonto, etc., most of which are pub- the Ecole Royale de Musique. He was ap-
lished by Ricordi (Milan). pointed its director, and after its close, in
ROTTER, LUDWIG, born in Vienna, consequence of the revolution of 1830, was
Sept. 6, 1810, still living, 1890. Church made in 1832 honorary professor at the
composer, instructed at an early age on the new Conservatoire. Works Cantata with :
violin, pianoforte, and organ, afterwards orchestra 2 Benedictus, for chorus Ave
; ;
studied harmony and counterpoint, and be- verum, for do. O salutaris, do. Salvo
; ;
gan his musical career by teaching. About Regina, do. Verbum caro, for bass solo
;
1882 he became organist of the parish and chorus Ecce panis, for tenor ; Ro- ;
church Am Hof, then also at the imiversity mances, with pianoforte. He also pub-
cluirch, and in 1843 professor of harmony, lished Essai sur la theorie du chant (Brus-
thorough-bass, and organ at the Vienna sels, 1820).— Fotis Mendel. ;
Kirchennmsik-Verein. Two years later he ROUET D'OMPHALE, LE (Omphale's

was niade choir director in the two afore- Spinning-wheel), symphonic poem for or-
mentioned churches, in 1858 member of chestra, by Saint-Sacns, op. 31, first per-
the court chapel, in 1862 second, and in formed at a Concert Populaire, Paris, Jan. 7,
18G7 first court organist, finally in 1870 1876. It represents Hercules at the distaff
Vize-Hofkapellmeistei*. Works: 14 masses of the Lydian Queen, and is a naive com-
;
2 Requiems; about 30 graduals 2G offer- position, characterized by chaste and dainty

;
tories Te Deum
; Veni sancte
; Regina instrumentation. It was first given in Dres-
;
coeli; Adorna thalamum Fugues, sonatas, den in 1876 in London, conducted by the
; ;
etc., for pianoforte. —

Kuchel, Die kaiserl. composer, at the Crystal Palace, Dec. 6,
Hof-Musikkapelle, etc. (Vienna, 18G9), 114 1879 and it has been frequently played in
; ;
Wurzbach. America. Published by Durand, Schoene-

ROUBIN, A:\n^:DKE DE, born in Paris, werk & Cie (Paris, 1876-77).
April 22, 1822, still living, 1890. Pianist ROUGET DE LISLE, CLAUDE JO-
and organist, pupil of Nicou-Choron and of SEPH, born at Lons-le-Saunier (Jura),
Robberechts, then in harmony of Napoleon France, May 10, 1760 died at Choisy-le- ;
Alkan. He devoted himself particularly to Roi, near Paris, June 27, 1836. The son
264
EOUSSEAir
of royalist parents, he entered the scliool des Gii-ondius," and arranged by Varney
of royal engineers in Mezieres in 1782 ; (1848). A portrait of Rouget de Lisle is
became in 1789 sec-
ond lieutenant, and
in 1790 first lieuten-
ant, at Strasburg,
where he was iwp- contained in a pamphlet entitled "LavLrite
ular as a poet, vio- sur la paternitu de la Marseillaise," by A.
linist, and singer. Rouget de Lisle. — Fetis ; do., Suppl»'ment,
Refusing to take the ii. •44:9 ; Larousse, 1440
xiii. ; Kastuer,
oath against the Chants de Tarmee ; Grove, ii. 219 ; iii. 179 ;
ci'own, he was depriv- Mendel ; Viotta, iii. 278.

ed of military rank and ROUSSEAU, FRKDKPJC, born at Ver-
imprisoned, but, after the fall of Robespierre, sailles, Jan. 11, 1755, died there after 1812.
re-entered the army, and served in the cam- Violoncellist, pupil of several masters?, final-
paign of La Vendee under General Hoche. ly ofLouis Duport having been a mem- ;
He lived in Montaigu in poverty until the ber of the Opera orchestra from 1787 to
second Restoration, when he removed to 1812, he retired to his native place and
Paris. Louis XYIII. gave him a small opened a music school, which was much
pension, which was continued by Louis frequented. He was one of the founders
Philippe, but he was cared for by his friends of the concerts in the rue de Clery. Works :
Beranger, David d'Augers, and M. and Mine 6 duos concertants for 2 violoncellos ; Pot-
Volar t, in whose house he died. His first pourri for do. An elder brother (1748-
patriotic song, written to a favourite air,was 1821) was violinist at the Opera in 177G-
composed at Besanyon, a few days after the 1812, and published trios and duos for his
taking of the Bastile (July 14, 1789), and his instrument. Fetis Mendel. — ;
hymn "A la Liberte," set by Ignace Pleyel, ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES, born in
was sung at Strasburg, at the fete of Sept. Geneva, June 28, 1712, died at Ermcnon-
25, 1791. There he wrote three dramas, ville, near Paris, July 3, 1778. Dramatic
one of which, " Bayard en Bresse," was rep- composer and writer on music learned mu- ;
resented without success in Paris, Feb. 21, sic late in life, and consequently remained
1791 ; and also La Marseillaise (1792), a poor reader and iudift'erent harmonist,
which has given him celebrity. He wrote but exercised a considerable influence on
the text for Chelard's ojêra of Macbeth, French music. "When twenty- nine years old
Paris, June 29, 1827 " Un chant du com- he went to Paris, ami in 1742 read before
;
bat," written at Napoleon's order, and sung the Academic des Sciences a paper on a new
at the Opera in January, 1800 Hemi IV., system of musical notation, afterwards pub-
;
a romance chevaleresque, 1817 " Relation lished as Dissertation sur la musique mo-
;
du dcsastre de Quiberon " (" Memoires de derne (Paris, 1743). In 1745 he composed
tous," vol, ii.) a volume of " Essais en vers an opera, Les muses galantes, which waa
;
et en prose," dedicated to Mehul, and pub- produced at the house of La Popeliniere.

lished by F. Didot (Paris, 1797) and " Cin- Not able to gain access to the theatres, he
;
quante chants franyais," with pianoforte undertook to write the articles on music for
accompaniment (ib., 1825). Both of these the Encyclopedic (Diderot and d'Alcnibert),
last works are rare. The latter contains a work he accomplished in three months.
his song, " Roland a Roncevaux " (1792), the They were severely criticised by Ranieau,
refrain of which, " Hlourir pour la patrie," and Rousseau, who relire«l shortly after-
was borrowed by the authors of the "Chant wards to Switzerland, corrected and enlarged
; ;;
EOUSSEAU
them, and used them in a subsequent work, century. The author of the tune, as well as
Le dictionnairo de la musique (17G8). In its origin, is unknown. It was first published
1752 he brought out an opera, Le devin du under the title " Rousseau's
Dream, an Air
village, which was first played in 1752 be- with variations for the pianoforte, composed
fore the king at Fontainebleau, then in and dedicated to the Rt. Hon. the Countess
Paris, and for more than sixty years (1753- of Delaware by J. B. Cramer " (Chappell,
1828) held a place on the French stage. London, 1812). It was known earlier in a
A contest having arisen between the parti- slightly different form as " Melissa," words
sans of Pergolesi and those of the French by Charles James, adapted for the piano-
composers about the respective merits of Ital- forte, harj), or guitar, by J. Dale (London,
ian and French music, Eousseau pubUshed 1788). The melody occurs in the panto-
his celebrated "Lettre sur la musique fran- mime in Scene 8 of Le devin du village, by
âise" (1753), which raised a storm of indig- Rousseau. The tune, often sung by Ameri-
nation, and to which the members of the can college-boys to the words, " Saw my
Opera replied by burning him in effigy, and legoflf," is given in Grove. Grove, — iii. 182 ;
forbidding him admission to the theatre, iv. 776.

where Le devin du village was being played, ROVETTA, GIOVANNI, born in Venice
Grimm, Diderot, and others joined him, about the end of the IGth century, died
declaring in favour of Italian music, and the there in August, 1668. Church composer,
Guerre des Boufifons, as it was afterwards pupil of Monteverde while a singer in the
called, enlisted on both sides some of the choir of S. Marco. He took orders, and
best writers of the day. Other writings on was a priest in the churches of San Fantino
music are Lettre u M. Grimm au sujet des
: and of San Silvestro. In 1627 he became
remarques ajoutcs a sa Lettre a Omphale ;
vice maestro di cappella at S. Marco, and in
Essai sur I'origiue des langues, etc. (Paris, 1643 succeeded Monteverde as maestro di
1758), containing a chapter on harmony ;
cappella. "Works Ercole in Lidia, opera,
:
Lettre a M. I'Abbe llayual au sujet d'uu Venice, 1645 Argiope, do. (finished by
;
nouveau mode de musique invente jâr M, Alessandro Leardini d' Urbino), ib., 1649 ;
Blainville (1754) Lettre a M. Buruey sur la

; Salmi concertati per vespri, etc. (Venice,
musique, avec des fragments d'observations 1626) Madrigali concertati, etc. (ib., 1627)
;
sur I'Alceste italien de M. le chev. Gluck do. (ib., 1645) Motetti con-
do. (ib., 1640) ; ;
(1752). "Works Les muses galantes, opera,

: ed una messa concertata (ib.,
certati, etc.,
Paris, 174:5 Le devin du village, three acts, 1635) Salmi a 1-4 voci con una messa,
; ;
Fontainebleau, 1752 Pygmahon, scene- etc. (ib., 1642); Salmi a 5 e 6 voci (ib.);
;
lyrique, Comedie Franyaise, Paris, 1775 do. a 8 voci ; do. (ib., 1644) ; Motetti con-
Daphnis Chloe (fragment, pubhshed in
et certati,con litanie (ib., 1647) Salmi per i ;
score, Paris, 1780) Les consolations des; vespri e compieta a 8 voci, etc. (ib., 1662)
miseres de ma vie, ou recueil d'airs, ro- Requiem for 2 choirs. His nephew and
mances, et duos (Paris, 1781), a collection pupil Giovanni Battista Volpe, called II Ro-
of about 100 pieces of various kinds. Fe- — vettino, composed the following operas,
tis do.,
; Supplement, ii. 449 Grove ; given in Venice : Antiope, 1649 Costanza ;
Labat, Hist, de nmsique, ii. 230 Hogarth, ; di Rosmonda, 1659 ; Gli amori di Apollo e
Mem. of Mus. Drama, ii. 272 Burney, ; Leucotea, 1663 ; La Roselina, 1664. — Fetis
Hist., iv. 615 Lajarte, Biblio. mus. de
; Mendel.
rOpura, i. 227 Mendel Harmonicon
; ; RO^^^:.AND, Alexander ca:\ip-
(1827), 173, 200. BELL, born in Trinidad, "West Indies, Jan.
ROUSSEAU'S DREAM, a favourite air in 1, 1826, still living, 1890. Double-bass
England in the early part of the present player and violinist, pupil of his father.
206
EOXAS
He was a member of the orchestra of the afterwards chamber composer to the king,
Queen's Theatre in 1833, and in 1842-4G and in 1747 conducted the Concert Spi-
of Jullien's band. He mastered several rituel. Works Pyrrhus, 1730
:
; Zaide,
other instruments, inckiding the organ, pi- 1730 ; Le pouvoir de I'amour, 1743 ; Alma-
anoforte, trombone, cornet, viola, etc., and in sis, 1750 ; Several books of cantatas ; Cham-
1846 studied double-bass under Casolani, ber music, etc. Ft'tis. —
In 18-47 he became a member of the Itoyal ROZE, I'Abbe NICOLAS, l)orn at Le
Italian Opera, and of the Philharmonic and Bourgueuf (Saune-et-Loire), France, Jan.
Sacred Harmonic Societies, in 1850 was pi- 17, 1745, died at Saint-Mando, near Paris,
anoforte accompanist and solo double-bass Sept. 30, 1819. Church composer, pupil of
player at the National Concerts, and in 1851 Abbi' Rousseau of Dijon, and of Abb*' Ho-
double-bass player at her Majesty's Theatre. met. He was not (piite ten years old when
He retired to Southampton and de- a motet with orchestra of his composition
in 180(5,
voted himself to teaching. Works Psalm was executed in the Cathedral of Beaune,
:
Ixx., for solo, chorus, and orchestra Over- where he was a choir-boy at the age of seven.
;
ture for orchestra Waltzes and other dance After finishing his studies in the seminary
;
pieces for orchestra and pianoforte Fan- at Autun, he was made in 17G7 choirmaster
;
tasias, etc., for double-bass and pianoforte in his native cit}', and in 1769 maitre de cha-
;
—
Songs Tutor for the double-bass. Grove. pelle at the Cathedral of Angers. Five years
;
KOXANA. See Alessandro. later he obtained the same position at the

ROXAS, EMMANUELE DE, born atReg- Eglise des Innocents in Paris, but resigned
gio, Calabria, Jan. 1, 1827, still living, 1890. in 1779, and devoted himself to teaching.
Dramatic composer, pupil at the Naples In 1807 he became librarian of the Conser-
Conservatorio on the oboe, then in singing vatoire. Of his numerous works only the
and composition pupil of Crescentini, Ruggi, following were published Mass for 3 voices :
etc. He is much esteemed as a singing and organ Laudate pueri, for 2 voices and ;
master, and has formed eminent artists. organ "Vivat in a;ternam, motet for the ;
Professor at the Conservatorio, Naples. coronation of Napoleon Vivat Rex, motet ;
—
Works Operas La figlia del sergente, for 4 voices and orchestra Methode de
: ;
1847 Gisella, 1852 Rita, 1857 Le sette plain-chant. — Ft' tis Mendel.
; ; ; ;
parole di Giesii Cristo, oratorio ; Masses, ROZKOSNY, JOSEF RICHARD,

born
songs, etc. — Fetis, Supplement. Prague, Sept. 21, 1833, still living, 1890.
in
ROXELANE, symphony in C, by Haydn, Pianist and dramatic composer, pupil of
written about 1777. It is built on the in- Jiranek's school of music, and of Friedrich
troduction to Haydn's opera, II mondo della Kittl. In 1855 he made a concert tour
Luna, Eszterhuz, 1777. The allegretto with through Austria, Hungary, Italy, etc. His
variations has for its theme the French ro- compositions are very melodious, and dis-
mance, Roxelane, which gives its name to tinguished for skilful treatment of voices
the symphony. This movement has been and orchestra. Works Operas Ave Ma- — :
variously arranged for the pianoforte. Pub- ria Mikulas (St. Nicholas); Svatojanske
;
lished by Simrock.— Pohl, Haydn, ii. 282. proudy (St. John's Rapids), standard opera
ROYER, JOSEPH NICOLAS PAN- of the National Theatre, Prague ZaviS z ;
CRACE, born in Burgundy in 1700-5, died Falkenstejna (Zavisch of Falkenstein) Pyt- ;
in Paris in January, 1755. Dramatic com- laci (The Poachers) Kbba, the Alchemist's ;
poser, went about 1725 to Paris, where ho Daughter Riibczahl, Prague, Oct. 18, 1889. ;
became 1741 chef d'orchestre at the Two masses for male voices Several over-
in ;
Opera, in 1753 inspector, and in 174G maitre tures INIany pianoforte pieces About 200 ; ;
de musique des enfants de France. He was songs and choruses.

:
KUBENSON
RUBENSON, ALBERT, born in Stock- hands. Other operas on this subject in —
holm, Sweden, in 1S2(), still living, 1890. Italian Ruebenzahl, ossia il vero amore,:
Instrumental and vocal composer, studied by Schuster, Dresden, 1789. In German

music at Leipsic secretary of the musical Riibezahl, by Franz Tuczek, text by Biirde,
;
society at Stockholm. Works En Natt Bre.slau, 1801 by Abt Vogler, same text,
: ;
bland Fjiillcn (A Night in the Mountains), not given by Wenzel Wilhelm Wiirfel, text
;
operetta ; Overture to Julius Cit'sar 2 sym- by Marsano, Prague, Oct. 7, 1824

;
Der ;
phonies ; Suites Pianoforte pieces and JJerggeist, by Spohr, text b}' Diu-ing, Cas-
;
songs. sel, ilarch 24, 1825 by Franz Edele, Zii-

;
RUBERT, JOHANN IMARTIN, born at rich, 1838 by Christian Gottlieb Miiller,

;
Nuremberg in 1C15, died at Stralsund in Altenburg, March 24, 1840 by August ;
1680. Organist ; studied music atHamburg Conradi, text by O. Jansen, Stettin, 1847;
and Leipsic, and became in 1040 organist by Flotow, text by Putlitz, Berlin, Nov. 26,
of St. Nicholas's Church at Stralsund. 1853 by Oberthur, about 1870 Riibezahl's
; ;
Works Weltliche
: musikalische Arien mit 2 Braut, by Ed. Ra3'mont, about 1840, not
bis 3 Stimmen, etc. (Stralsund, ICAl) Sin- given and Fiirstin Riibezahl, Weinachts-
; ;
fonien, Scberzi, Ballete, Allemanten Cou- spiel, by Conradi, text by Rudolf Gottschall,
ranten und Sarabanden, von 2 Violinen und Hanover, 18G9. Jiihns, Weber Verzeichniss, —
Generalbass (Greifswald, 1G50) Musika- Nos. 44, 45, 46 Weber, Wêber, i. 99 All-
; ; ;
lische Seelenerquickung, etc. (Stralsund, gem, mus. Zeitg., xlii. 315 Grove, iv. 411. ;
16G4).—Fetis; Mendek RUBINSTEIN, ANTON GREGOR, born

RUBEZAHL, German opera in two acts, at Wechwotynez, Rus-
text by J. G. Rhodes, music begun by sian Bessarabia, Nov.

Weber in 1804-G, but never finished. The 30, 1830, still living,
libretto is founded on a legend of the Rie- 1890. Soon after his
sengebirge. Weber says that he com- birth his parents, who
posed music to the greater part of the li- were Jewish, moved to
bretto, but only an overture and three Moscow, where his
vocal numbers are preserved, and these do father set up a pencil
not show any of Weber's original treatment factory. His first mu-
or advance in technique. Weber revised sical instruction was
the overture in 1811, and called it Zum from his mother, who was a good musician,
lieherrscher der Geister. I. No. 3, Geister- but at seven years of age he began to study
Chor (Spirit-chorus), the MS. of which is in the pianoforte under Villoing ho never had ;
the possession of F. W. Jiihns, was iêrformed any other teacher. Late in 1839 Villoing
at a concert in Mannheim, March 31, 1810 took him to Paris,;
where in 1840 he played
U. No. 7, Recitative and arietta for Kurt before many of the best musical authorities,
and the Gnomes, MS. also owned by F. W. among them Liszt, who advised him to go
Jiihns III. No. 10, Quintet for four so- to Germany to develop his talent.
; His
prani and bass, Prinzessin, Clarchen, Ku- teacher then took him on a concert tour
nigunde, Elsbeth, and Riibezahl, autogi'aph through Holland, England, Scandinavia,
owned by Max von Weber. These num- and Germany, and back to Moscow in 1843.
bers have been arranged with pianoforte In 1844 his parents took him and his younger
accomjianiment by F. W. Jiihns, and pub- brother Nicolai to Berlin, where, on Meyer-
lished by Schlesinger (Berlin) and the beer's advice, both brothers studied theory
;
overtui-e Der Beherrscher der Geister, op. seriously under Dehn. His father soon re-
27, by Peters (Leipsic, 1811), and numer- turned to Moscow, and in 184G his serious
ous editions for the pianoforte for four illness called the mother and Nicolai back
2f.8
;
RUBINSTEIN
to that city. Anton stayed on in Berlin, lic, but when at his best lie is unsurpassed,
saving a tour through Hungary with the and even in his less line moments his com-
flutist Heindl, and a brief residence in Vi- manding genius makes itself surely felt.
enna. The poHtical troubles of 1848 drove As a composer he stands in the front rank
him home to Kussia, and he settled in St. to-day, and is, moreover, tlie only contem-
Petersburg, where he found a powerful pro- porary composer outside of France antl
tectress in the Grand Duchess Helen, and Italy, excepting Goldmark, whose serious
wrote several Russian operas. In 1854 operas have won any considerable success.
the Grand Duchess and Count Wielhorski But fine as his talent, or perhaps genius, is,
advised him to return to Germany to study his works have, for the most part, won more
and make himself known, and furnished admiration than respect from musicians
him with funds for the trip. He found his besetting fault is a sad lack of self-criti-
publishers in Germany for many of his cism, and a certain indolent habit of mind
Avorks, and gave concerts as far as Paris that prevents him from making the most of
and London, exciting the greatest admira- his inspiration. His best known, and prob-
tion wherever he appeared. In 1858 he re- ably his best, works for the concert-room are
turned to St. Petersburg, and was appointed the first movement of his Ocean Symphony,
court pianist, and then concert director. his pianoforte concertos in G major and D
In 1859 he undertook the musical direction minor, and his pianoforte trio in B-flat.
of the Russian Music Society, and in 18G2 Works —
Operas: Z>/?H//r/Donskoi, Rus-
I.
founded the St. Petersburg Conservatory, sian opera, St. Petersburg, 1852 Sibirskiye ;
of which he was director until 18G7. From Ochotnikie (The Siberian Hunters), do., one
this year to 1870 he made concert tours act, ib., 1852 ; Foma Douratchok (Toms, the
with triumphant success through Europe, 1858 Mest (The Re-
Fool), do., one act, ib., ;
and in 1872-73 in the United States. From venge), do., one act, ib., 1858 Die Kinder ;
18G7 to 1887 he held no official position, der Haide, German grand opera, five acts,
but gave himself up, for the most part, to Vienna, Feb. 20, 18G1 Feramors, oder Lalla ;
composition. In 1887 he accepted once Rookh, German lyrical opera, three acts,
more the directorship of the Conservatory Dresden, 18G3 Der Tlvirm zu Babel, Ger-
;
in St. Petersburg, on Davidoff's retirement.man sacred opera in three parts, op. 80,
Since then, although St. Petersburg has Kcuiigsberg, Feb. 9, 1870 Der Damon, ;
been his home, he has made several trips to Russian fantastic opera, three acts, St. Pe-
Germany, France, and England, either to tersburg, Jan. 25, 1875 Die MaHahiier, ;
give concerts or to superintend the produc- German opera, three acts, Berlin, April 17,
tion of some important work. In 1889 was 1875 Das verlorene

;
Paradies, German sa-
celebrated his "jubilee " — thefiftieth anni- cred opera, three parts, Diisseldorf, Nov. 8,
versary of his artistic — when

life the Em- 1875 ; Nero, German opera, four acts, Ham-
peror gave him an annual pension of 8,000 burg, Nov. 1, 1879 ; KalashnikolV !Moskovski
roubles, the municipalities of St. Peters- Koupets (Kalashnikoir, the merchant of Mos-
burg and of Peterhof the title of honorary cow), Russian opera, three acts, St. Peters-
citizen, and the University of St. Peters- burg, March 5, 1880 Sulamllh, German ;
burg that of honorary doctor. He was biblical stage play in five tableaux. Ham-
honoured also by many other municipalities burg, Nov. 1883 Untcr Riiubcrn, (Tcriiian
8, ;
and scientific and musical associations, and comic opera, one act, ib., Nov. 8, 1883 Der ;
was the recipient of a large number of gifts. Papagei, do., ib., Nov. 11, 1884 Moses, Ger- ;
Rubinstein is unquestionably one of the man biblical opera in eight tableaux, op.
greatest and most original pianists that ever 112 (Senti; 1888) La nignr, ballet, 1882-83.
;
lived ;he often plays carelessly, even in pub- II. Vocal with orchestra K duncpie :
;;
KUBINSTEIN
vero ?, scena ed aria for soprano, op. 58 ;
108 ; 3 pieces for pianoforte and violin, 3
Die Nixe, cantata for contralto and female do. for pianoforte and viola, 3 do. for pi-
chorus, op. 63 Der Moryen, cantata for ;
anoforte and violoncello, op. 11 ; Sonata for
male voices, op. 74 Hecuba, and Hagar in ; pianoforte and violin, No. 1, in G, op. 13 ;
der Wiiste, 2 sceuas for contralto, op. 92. do. No. 2, in A minor, op. 19 do. No. 3, in ;
III. Songs and part-songs Over 100 B minor, op. 98 Sonata for pianoforte and : ;
songs with pianoforte, op. 1, 8, 27, 32-34, viola, in F minor, op. 49 Sonata for jjiano- ;
3G, 57, 64, 72, 76, 78, 83, 101, 105 ; Songs forte and violoncello. No. 1, in D, op. 18 ;
and Requiem for Mignon, from Goethe's do. No. 2, in G, op. 39 Sextet for strings, ;
Wilhelm Meister, for soli, chori:s, and pi- in D, op. 97 Quintet for do., in F, op. 59 ;
anoforte, op. 91 18 two part songs, with pi- Quartets for do., Nos. 1, 2, and 3, in G, C
;
anoforte, op. 48, 67 9 four-part songs for minor, and F, op. 17

; do., Nos. 4, 5, and 6, ;
male voices, op. 31, 61 6 do. for mixed in E minor, B-flat, and D minor, op. 47
; ;
voices, op. 62. do., Nos. 7 and 8, in G minor and E minor,

IV. For orchestra 6 symphonies. No. 1, op. 90 do., Nos. 9 and 10, in A-flat and F
: ;
in F, op. 40 No. 2 {Ocean), in C, op. 42

; minor, op. 106. ;
No. 3, in A, op. 56 No. 4 [Dramalische), VII. For pianoforte

; Sonata No. 1, in E, :
in D minor, op. 95 No. 5, in G minor, op. 12 do. No. 2, in C minor, op. 20 do.
; ; ;
op. 107 No. 6, in A minor, op. 111. Faust, No. 3, in F, op. 41 do. No. 4, in A minor,
; ;
musikalisches Charakterbild, oj). 68 Iioan op. 100 Suite, op. 38 31 opus numbers ; ; ;
rV. der Grausame, do., op. 79 Don Quixote, of pianoforte music in various forms, among ;
do., Humoreske, op. 87 Triumphal over- which Kamenoi-Ostrow, op. 10 6 Preludes,

; : ;
ture, op. 43 Concert overture, in B-fiat, op. 24

; 12 Etudes, op. 23, 81 Sob'ees de ; ;
op. 60 La liussie, symphonic poem.

; St. Petersbourg (3 books), op. 44 Soirees ;
V. For solo instruments with orchestra musicales, op. 109 6 Charakterbilder, for : ;
Concerto for pianoforte. No. 1, in E, oj). 4 hands, op. 50 Sonata in D minor, for do., ;
25 do.. No. 2, in F, op. 35 do., No. 3, in op. 89 Hal costume, for do., op. 103 Fan-
; ; ; ;
G, op. 45 do., No. 4, in D ;
minor, op. 70 ; do.. No. 5,

in E-flat, op. 94 ; Fantasia
for pianoforte, in C, op. 84 ;
Caprice russe for do., op.

102 Fantasia eroica for
;
do., op. 110 ; Concerto for

violin, in G, op. 46 ; Romance and cajirice
for do., op. 86 Concerto for violoncello.
;
No. 1, in A minor, op. 65 do., No. 2, ;
op. 96.
VI. Chamber music
Octet for piano- tasia for 2 pianofortes, in F, op. 73 Several
:
;
forte, viola, small pieces published when Rubinstein was

violoncello, double-bass, flute,
clarinet, and horn, in D, op. 9 Quintet for young, and numbered separately as op. 1- ;
pianoforte and wind instruments, in F, op. 10. Riemann Mendel Fetis, SuiDplument — ; ;
55 ; do. for pianoforte and strings, in G Grove.

minor, op. 99 Quartet for do., in C, op. ; RUBINSTEIN, NICOLAI, born in Mos-
66 Trios Nos. 1 and 2, for pianoforte, vio- cow in 1835, died in Paris, March 23,
;
lin and violoncello, in F and G minor, op. 1881. Pianist, brother of Anton, pupil of
15 ; do. No. 3, in B-flat, op. 52 ; do. No. 4, Kullak and in comiDosition of Dehn in
in A, op. 85 ; do., No. 5, in C minor, op. Berlin (1844-46) ; founded in 1859 the
KUDDYGOllE
Russian Music Society at Moscow, and iu |
Amberg, and in 1752 entered the Order of
1864 the Couservatorium there. As a vir- St. Augustine. Works : Twenty-five op-
tuoso he was consid- eras and oratorios ; 19 masses, with orches-
ered equal to his tra 30 litanies 40 Veni, Sancte Spiritus
; ; ;
brother, and appeared 18 Salve Regina 32 symphonies for full ;
annually in St. Peters- oi'chestra. Fetis Mendel. — ;
burg with great suc- RUDERSDORFF, JOSEPH, born at Am-

cess. Of his compo- sterdam in 1799, died at Kunigsberg in
sitions vei"y few have 18GG. Violinist appeared in public at the
;
become known. age of eight, playing a concerto by Pleyel ;
RUDDYGORE, or entered in 1822 the service of Prince Baria-

the Witch's Curse, tinsky at Ivanovskoi, Russia, and iu 1825
English comic opera iu two acts, text by became Couzertmeister at Hamburg. He
William S. Gilbert, music by Sir Arthur lived in Dublin more than twenty years,
Sullivan, first represented at the Savo}' and in 1851 went to Berlin, where he con-
Theatre, London, Jan. 22, 1887. The story ducted the orchestra successively at Som-
is that of a baron whose ancestor, having mer's, at the Kemper Hof, and at Kroll's.
burnt a witch, brought a curse upon the During a period of six years (1851-57) he
house of Murgatroyd, that each owner of conducted 1,300 concerts and played 000
the estate should commit a daily crime, or |
solos. Works : Polonaise for violin and or-
be tortured to death. To escape the loathed chestra ; Variations for do. ; do. for violin
dignity the rightful lord disguises himself with quartet Fantaisies, duos, etc., for vio- ;
as Robin Oakapple. There are many ab- lin and pianoforte Duos for violins Pi- ; ;
surd situations, including the scene where anoforte pieces Guitar music Sougs, etc. ; ;
the family portraits of the Murgatroyds —Fetis ; Ledebur, Tonkiinstl. Lex., 481.
step from their frames to torture the last RUDORFF, ERNST (FRIED RICH
descendant, Sir Roderick Murgatroyd, for KARL), born in Ber- .
- „
refusing to commit his daily crime. Char- lin, Jan. 18, 1840,
acters represented Sir Despard Murga- still living, 1890.
:
troyd, Sir Roderick Murgatroyd, Richard Pianist, pupil of Bar-

Dauntless, Robin Oakapple, Old Adam giel and Clara Schu-
Goodheart, Rose Maybud, Dame Ham- mann, and on the
mond, and Mad Margaret. Mr. Rutland violin of Louis Ries.
Barrington, Mr. George Grossmith, Miss He studied at the
Laura Braham, Miss Rosina Braudram, and Berlin and Leipsici
Miss Jessie Bond appeared in the original Universities, and at-

,
cast. The opera was first given in New tended the Leipsic
York at the Fifth Avenue Theatre, Feb. 21, Couservatorium as a pupil of IMoscheles,
1887.— Athenaeum (1887), i. 1G9 London Plaidy, and Rietz, until 1861, when he
con-
;
Review tinued for a year to receive instruction from

Times (Jan. 24, 1887); Krehbiel,
Hauptmann and Reinecke. In 18(')4 ho
(1886-87), 115.
RUDER, JOHANN BAPTIST, born at went Hamburg as conductor of a choral
to
Oberbiberach, in the Upper Palatinate, Ba- society with Stockliauscn, and made concert
varia, Sept. 13, 1723, died in the monas-j tours with him. In 1865 ho was appomted
tery of Speinhart, April 7, 1807. Dramatic professor at the Couservatorium in Cologne,

and church composer, pupil of Josef Wild, and in 1867 founded there the Bach Society,
Speinhart. He became first professor of pianoforte in
organist in the monastery of
He finished his studies in the seminary at |
the High School of Berlin under Joachim m
271
—
;;
KUFER
1869, and, retaining this position, succeeded a 5 voci (Venice, 1557, 1565 Brescia, 1580) ;
Max Bruch as conductor of Stern's Singing II primo libro di motetti a 6 voci per tutto
Society in 1880. an excellent pianist r anno (Venice, 1555, 1583) II libro primo
He is ;
and teacher, compositions com- di madrigali a 5 voci (ib., 1550, 1552) 2d,
and in his ;
bines the sentiment of the romantic school 3d, and 4th book of do. (ib., 1553-60);
Avith the form of the classic masters, his in- Madrigali cromatici a 6, 7 e 8 voci, con la
strumental music being the most success- giouta di cinque canzoni, etc. (ib., 1554) ;
ful. Works Overtures to Der blonde Ek- do. a 5 voci (ib., 1555) 3 other books of
: ;
bert and Otto der Schiitz Ballad, serenade, madrigali (ib., 1557, 1558, 1560)
;
Salmi ;
and variations, for orchestra ; Der Aufzug soavissimi ct devotissimi a 5 voci (ib., 1574,
der Komanze, from Tieck, for solo, chorus, 1579, 1588) Magnificat brevi a 5 voci con ;
and orchestra Sextet for strings Romance li otto falsi bordoni (ib., 1578). Fetis
; ;
— ;
for violoncello and orchestra Riickert's Gerber Schilling Riemann Mendel. ; ; ; ;
Gesang an and or- RUGARLI, GASPARO, born at Coloruo,

die Sterne, for six voices
chestra and part songs Va- near Parma, Italy, in 1767, died in Parma,
; Many songs, ;
riations, fantasias, duets, and etudes for Oct. 27, 1799. Organist, pupil of For-
pianoforte. —
Kiemaun Fctis, Supplement, tunati, and at Bologna of Padre Mattel
; ;
ii. 459. entered the service of the court of Parma.

RUE. See Larue. Works L' isola disabitata Masses and : ;
RUFER, PHILIPPE BARTHOLOME, motets.

born in Liege, June 7, 18-44, still living, RUGGERI (Ruggieri), GIOVANNI MAR-
1890. Organist, RUfer TINO, Venetian composer of end of 17th
son of Philipp
(born at Rumpenheim, Hesse, 1810, organ- and beginning of 18th century. Works
ist of the Evangelical Church, Liege, fifty Operas Marianna, 1696 Clotilde, 1696 : ; ;
years) pupil in 18G1-64, at the Liege Con- La saggia pazzia di Giunio Bruto, 1698
;
servatoire, where he won the gold medal Miltiade, 1699 Amor per vendetta, 1702 ; ;
for pianoforte, organ, and composition, and Arato in Sparta, 1709 Armida abbandonata, ;
taught the pianoforte for two years. He 1710 L' ingannatore ingannato, 1710 Le ; ;
then lived at LeijDsic in 1867-69, and as gare di politica e d' amore, 1711 Ai'sinoe ;
music director at Essen until 1871, when vendicata, 1712. Scherzi geniali ridotti a
he went to Berlin he was instructor of regola armonica in dieci sonate da camera
;
pianoforte at Stern's Conservatorium in a tre, etc. (Venice, 1690) Suonate da chiesa ;
1871-72, then at KuUak's until 1875, and a due violini, etc. (ib., 1697) 12 cantate ;
since 1881 has occupied the same position con e senza violini (ib., 1706). Fetis Men- — ;
at Scharweuka's Conservatorium. Works del. :
Merlin, opera, Berlin, Feb. 28, 1887 Sym- RUGGI, FRANCESCO, born in Naples, ;
phony in F ; 3 overtures ; String quartets ;

Oct. 21, 1767, died there, Jan. 23, 1845.
Trio ; 2 suites for pianoforte and violon- Dramatic composer, favourite pupil of Fe-
cello ; Sonata for violin ; do. for organ ;
naroH at the Couservatorio di Loreto. He
Pianoforte pieces and songs. began composing when quite young, and in
RUFFO, VINCEXZO, Italian composer of 1795 was chosen maestro di cappella extra-
the 16th century, born in Verona, contem- ordinary to the city of Naples by the coun-
porary of Palestrina. He was maestro di cil, he having previously brought out two
cappella of the Cathedral of Milan, then of operas in that city. His next efforts in
Verona. He is included by Baini among dramatic composition proving less success-
the famous musicians of the fourth epoch. ful, he devoted himself to church music.
Works : II primo libro di motetti a 5 voci He was celebrated also as a vocal teacher,
(Venice, 1551 ib., and Milan, 1558) Messe
; ; and at the death of Giacomo Tritto became
Tci
; :
RUGGIErwO
in 1825 professor of counterpoint and com- and Eugiero, by Cosentini, Florence, 1854.
position at the Conservatorio. He had sev- Other Italian operas on the same subject
eral distinguished pupils, among them Bel- La liberazione di Euggiero dell' isola
d'
lini and Carafa. He succeeded Ziugarelli Alcina, ballet, by Francesca Caccini, text by
as member of the Accademia Borbonica. Scaracinelli, Florence, 1625 and Euggero, ;
—
Works Operas La felicita compita, Na- by Lancadi, Madrid, 1841.
:
ples, about 1795 L' ombra di Nino, ib.

; EUINEN VON ATHEN, DIE (The Euius;
La guerra aperta, Milan, 1796 II soffi of Athens), overture and eight numbers to
;
trippone, ossiai desideri, opera buffa, ib., Kotzebue's Nachspiel, or dramatic after-
1804. Giosuc al Giordano, oratorio Can- ; piece, by Beethoven, op. 113, written for
tatas Masses with orchestra, or organ
; and first performed at the opening of the
Credos, with do. Graduals, offertories,
; new theatre in Pesth, Feb. 9,1812. It was
hymns, vespers, with orchestra, or a cap- preceded in the programme by Kunig Ste-
pella ; Passion, after St. John, etc. —Fctis ;
phan, op. 117. The first scene is on Mount
Mendel ; Riemann. Olympus, with Minerva in deep medita-
KUGGIEEO, IL, ovvero 1' eroica grati- tion. She must do penance for two thou-
tudine, Italian opera in three acts, text by sand years for having permitted Socrates
Metastasio, music by Johann Adam Hasse, to die, and she resolves to visit Athens
first represented in Milan, Oct. 16, 1771, with Mercury as her guide. The second
on the marriage of the Archduke Ferdi- scene shows the ruins of Athens. The tem-
nand and the Princess Beatrice of Modena. ple of Theseus has been converted into a
The libretto is on the heroic conduct of mosque, where dervishes and Turks enter,
Euggiero towards his rival Leone, as told march, and perform their religious rites,
by Ai'iosto. The action takes place on the singing praises to Mahomet. Overcome by
banks of the Seine, near Paris. Characters these changes, Minerva decides to travel in
represented Carlo Magno, Emperor
: foreign lands. In the thml scene Minerva
;
Bradamante, noble female warrior, loved by and Mercury, in the garb of pilgrims, enter
Ruggiero Euggiero, descendant of Et- Pesth, where a temi^le of the ]\Iuses is to be
;
tore, knight-at-arms, lover of Bradamante erected. Genii draw in a triumphal car,

;
Leone, son and successor of Costantino, containing Thalia's statue, while that of
Emperor of the East Clotilde, roj'al prin- Melpomene is drawn by Thekla, ^^'allen-
;
cess of France, loved by Leone, and friend stein, Egmont, Maria Stuart, and other
to Bradamante Ottone, paladin, and con- characters of German tragedy. The next
;
fidant of Bradamante and Euggiero pages, scene shows a temple, with altars gayly
;
nobles, and guards of Carlo Magno, pages decked, where the high-priest receives
of Clotilde, and nobles and guards of Le- Thalia and Melpomene, and ^lincrva crowns
one. Other operas on Metastasio's text by the bust of the King of Hungary with a
Pietro Guglielmi, Naples, 1769 and by crown of olive. Overture in G.
;
I. Chorus,
Cavaliere Antonio Gandini, Modena, Oct. Tochter des milchtigen Zeus, Andante poco
30, 1822. Same subject, Gli avvenimenti sostenuto H. Andante con moto III. ; ;
di Euggiero, by Albinoni, Venice, 1732 Chorus of Dervishes, Da hast in deincs

;
Roger de Sicile, French opera in three acts, Aermels Falten, Allegro ma non trojipo ;
text by Henri Montan Berton, text by Guy, rV. ]\Iarcia alia Turca, Vivace V. Allegro ;
Paris, March 4, 1817 and Euggiero e assai nia non troppo Yl. IMarch from the
;
;
Bradamaiate, Italian opera, by Josef Schus- overture, Assai moderate, and Chorus, Al-
ter, Padua, 1779, and Giovanni Paisiello, legretto ma non troppo VH. Bass aria, ;
Naples, 1785 Euggiero di Sanginetto, by

;
Will unser Genius noch cinen Wunch ge-
Michel Sansone, Naples, September, 1859 wiihren, Adagio, and Er ist's, wir sind or-
;
273
KULE
hurt, Allegro con brio ;
to its suppression, in the Occasioiial Ora-
VIII. Final chorus,
Heil unserm Kimige, con fuoco. torio, adapted the words, " War shall cease,
Allegro
The Marcia alia Turca is fountled on the welcome Peace," to the tune " Rule Bri-
theme of the variations for the pianoforte, tannia," quoting Dr. Arne's measures liter-
in D, op. 76, composed in 1810. A rear- ally, a proof of the popularity of the air.
rangement of this work. Die Weihe des The tune was adopted by the Jacobites, who
Hauses, was performed with a new over- changed and parodied the words, supposed
ture, op. 124, at the opening of the Joseph- to have been written by Thomson. Dr.
stadt Theater, Vienna, Oct. 3, 1822. The Dinsdale, who edited a new edition of Mal-
Ruinen von Athen was first performed by let's Poems in 1851, claims them for Mallet,
the London Philharmonic in 1841: by the but evidence against him is to be found
;
New York Oratorio Society in 1877. Sketch- in the Library of the British Museum.
books of the Ruinen von Athen and of Ku- Southey says the music of this " ode in hon-
nig Stephan are owned by Artaria & Co. our of Great Britain will be the political
(Vienna). The overture to the Ruinen von hymn of this country as long as she main-
Athen was published by Steiuer & Co. (Vi- tains her political power." The masque of
enna, 1823) and the March and Chorus, Alfred was published by Millar (London,
;
No. VI., by Haslinger (ib., 1822). The entire 1740) and the score of Rule Britannia was
;
work was pul)lished by Artaria & Co. (ib., printed by Dr. Arne at the end of " The
1815-46) by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beetho- Judgment of Paris, "also represented at Clief-
;
ven Werke, Serie xx.. No. 207, op. 113. den in 1740. Many variations have been
March and chorus published separately as written on this air, including five for the pi-
op. 114, Serie xx.. No. 207a. Various ar- anoforte, in D, by Beethoven (Vienna, 1804).
rangements for the pianoforte, including a Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie
fantasia on the themes for two and for four xix.. No. 5. Wagner wrote an overture,
hands and also for two pianofortes by Liszt Rule Britannia, in Kunigsberg in 1836, the
(Siegc'l, Leipsic) and the Marcia alia Turca score of which was sent to the London Phil-
;
for the pianoforte for two hands by Rubin- harmonic Society, but was not performed,
stein (Schott, Mainz). —
Thayer, Verzeich- and the MS. is supposed to have been lost.
niss. No. 166 Lenz, Beethoven, ii.. Part ii.,
; —
Grove, iii. 203 Notes and Queries, Sec- ;
110-123 Marx, Beethoven, ii. 176 Grove ond Series, iv. 152, 415, 498 v. 91, 136,
; ; ; ;
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., 283 (1865), 105 199, 319.

xiv. ; ;
Upton, Standard Cantatas, 49 Athenseum RULER ; OF THIS AWFUL HOUR. See

(1870), ii. 728. Obe7'on.
RULE BRITANNIA, political hymn of RUjMLER, JAN, Bohemian composer of
Great Britain, music by Thomas Augustine the end of the 18th and beginning of the
Arne, for the masque of Alfred the Great, 19th century. About 1780 he was living
text by Thomson and Mallet, first per- at Holovans. Works Aliman, oder Bona- :
formed at Cliefden House, INIaidenhead, the i:)arte in Egypten, opera, Prague, 1804 Die ;
residence of Frederick, Prince of Wales, Walpurgisnacht, do., ib., 1827 Quintet ;
Aug. 1, 1740, to commemorate the acces- for 2 clarinets, 2 horns, and bassoon Trio ;
sion of George I. The masque was repeat- for 2 clarinets and bassoon do. for jîano- ;
ed on the following night, and it was after- forte, clarinet, and violoncello Duos for ;
wards extended by Dr. Arne into an opera, flutes Sonatas, fantasias, etc., for jîano-
;
and first represented at Drury Lane, Lon- forte. Mendel. —

don, for the benefit of Mrs. Arne, March RIBILING, SIGISMUND, Baron VON,
20, 1745. The Jacobite rebellion occurred born in Alsace about 1739, died in Munich,
in that year, and in 1746 Handel, referring May 7, 1825. Amateur comiôser ; studied
274
KUMMEL
music in Munich, where he had entered the mung von Kopenhagen, opera, 1847 Fe- ;
Elector's service as a page,and in 1800 be- derigo, do., 1848 Die Studenten von Sala- ;
came intendant of the court music. Works manca, do., and five other operas Music to
:
;
Polidoi", opera, Karlsberg, 1785 Romeo Hertz's drama, "Svend DyringsHus," 1837;
;
und Julie, do. Symphonies for orchestra Ulla Skalpaa Bal, dramatic ballad for solo
;
;
3 quartets for strings. Mendel. —

and chorus Ballads, romances, etc.— Men- ;
RUMMEL, CHRISTIAN (FRANZ LUD- del ; do., Ergiiijz.

WIG FRIEDRICH ALEXANDER), born at RUNGENHAGEN, CARL FRIEDRICH,
Brichsenstadt, Bavaria, Nov. 27, 1787, died born in Berlin,
at Wiesbaden, Feb. 13, 1849. Clarinetist, Sept. 27, 1778, died
pianist, and violinist studied in Mannheim,
; there, Dec. 21,
und was influenced by Abt Vogler. In 180G 1851. Church
he became bandmaster of a Nassau regi- composer, pupil of
ment, went through the Peninsular cam- Bendu, and much
paign, was taken prisoner, released, and influenced by his
served at the battle of Waterloo. The intercourse with
Duke of Nassau then intrusted him with Zelter, Schneider,
the direction of his court orchestra until Prince Radziwill,
its dissolution in 1811. He apjêared as a etc. ; became in '"' ~
pianist in the Germany, 1815 vice-director of the Singakademie,
chief cities of
Switzerland, and the Netherlands, and was and in 1833 succeeded Zelter as director.
honoured by the friendship of Beethoven. In the same year he was elected member of
Works Music for military band Con- the Academy, and in 1843 received the
: ;
certos, quintets, and other pieces for clar- title of professor. Works Operas Der — :
inet Sonatas, waltzes, fantasias, and other Eremit von Formentera

;
Die Fischer an :
compositions for pianoforte Method for der Ostsee ; Eulcnspiegel Ratibor und ; ;
do. —
Fotis do.. Supplement, ii. 462 Rie- Wanda.
; Oratorios La morte di Abele
; :
;
mann Mendel, viii. 4G4 do., Ergiinz., 405 Christi Eiuzug in Jerusalem Die heilige
; ;
;
;
Schilling. Ciicilia. Many church and festival cantattus ;
RUNDNAGEL, CARL, born at Hersfeld, Mass for male voices Te Deum 30 mo- ; ;
April 4, 1835, still living, 1890. Violinist tets 30 four-part songs and chorals ^lore ; ;
and organist, first instructed by his father, than 100 sacred and 1,000 secular songs,
then pupil of Spohr obtained a position in etc. Fetis Mendel.
;
— ;
the orchestra of the Stadttheater at Cologne, RUPPE, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH,

and soon after in the court orchestra at born at Salzungen, Saxe-Meiniugen, Aug.
Cassel, where in 1866 he became court or- 22, 1753, died in Leyden, May 25, 1826.
ganist. His compositions for the organ Pianist, first instructed in his native town,
rank high. Mendel. — then at Leyden, where he fre(inoiitcd the
RUNG, HENRIK, born in Copenhagen, university he settled there, and in 1790 ;
March 3, 1807, died there, Dec. 12, 1871. was made music director of the univci*sity.
Dramatic composer was a virtuoso on the Works Trio Sonatas for i)ianoforte, and
;
: ;
guitar when young, and in 1834 became for do. and violin 48 sacrcil songs for 3 ;
double-bass player in the royal orchestra. voices with organ 24 hymns 32 piano- ; ;
He studied three years in Ital}', then was a forte pieces. —Viotta.

pupil in singing of Garcia in Paris, and in RUrPE, FRIEDRICH CHRLSTI.\N,
1842 became singing master at the court born at Salzungen. Saxc-lNIciniiigeii, Feb.
theatre in Copenhagen. In 1852 he founded 18, 1771, died at Moiningcn, Aug. 14. 1834.
the Caecilia Society. Works Die Erstiir- Pianist and violinist studied at Eisenach,
:
;
KUSSALKA
and chamber virtuoso St. Ann's, Limehouse, in 1798 pianist and
'
and became violinist ;
to the Duke of Meiniugen. Works: Die composer at Sadler's Wells in 1800, and pi-
Passion, oratorio Das Wunderkiud,
;
do. anist at Covent Garden in 1801. Mus. Bac,
;
Friedensbote, do. Concerto for pianoforte, Oxford, 1808.

;
Works— Oratorios Job, :
with chorus Trio for pianoforte, clarinet, 182G The Redemption of Israel. Odes To
;
;
:
and bassoon Sonata for pianoforte and Music To the Genius of Handel On St.
;
; ;
strings. —Mendel. Cecilia's Day ; To Harmony. Mass for 4
KUSSALKA (The Water Nymph), Eus- voices ; Services and anthems ; Several glees,
sian grand opera, text by Alexander Push- songs, and organ and about 20
voluntaries,
kin, music by Alexander Dargomyzsk^', first pieces of theatre and pantomime music.
represented in St. Petersburg, May -4, 1856, — Grove ; Fe-tis.
and in Moscow in 18G7. RUSSIAN NATIONAL HYMN, composed

RUSSELL, HENRY, born at Sheerness,by Alexis Lvoff in 1833. This tune, which
Kent, England, possesses none of the characteristics of Rus-
Dec. 24, 1815, sian music, resembles the Sicilian mariners'
still living, 1890. hymn, " sanctissima." Immediately on
Vocal composer, its appearance the Emperor of Russia or-
pupil of P. King dered it to be performed in concerts and at
;
went to Bologna the theatres. It was published in St. Pe-

in 1825, to study tersburg and Berlin in 1833. It is used
music at the Con- as a motif in Rubinstein's La Russie, and
servatorio, to New Gounod wrote a fantaisie on it. —Engel,
York in 183 3, The Study of National Music, 185.
and returned to RUSSIE, LA, symphonic poem for grand
England in 1840, orchestra, by Anton Rubinstein. I. Mode-
when he began to travel as a singer and rato H. Allemands, Moderate assai HI. ; ;
composer, attaining great success. In his Petits-Russiens, Allegro nou troppo TV. :
particular style he had no rival, and some Hymne national (A. Lvoff), Moderate. Pub-
of his songs, estimated at more than 800, lished by Jurgenson (Moscow, 1882).
RUST, FRIEDRICH WILHELM,
born at WOrlitz, near Dessau, July G,
1739, died in Dessau, Feb. 28, 179G.

Violinist, pianist, and organist, pupil of
his elder brother, Johann Ludwig Anton
Rust, who had played the violin in
Johann Sebastian Bach's orchestra in
have had extraordinary popularity, especi- Leipsic. While attending the University
ally The Maniac, The Gambler's Wife, A of Halle he studied composition, organ,
life on the ocean wave, I'm afloat, and and pianoforte under Friedemann Bach ;
Woodman, spare that tree. later, became a pupil of Huckh and Benda
RUSSELL, WILLIA:\I, born in London on the violin, and of Emanuel Bach on

in Nov. 21, 1813. Or-
1777, died there, the pianoforte. With Prince Leopold HI.
ganist and pianist, pupil of Cope, Shrub- of Anhalt Dessau he visited Italy in 17G5,
sole, and Groombridge, and in 1797 of Dr. and was influenced by Tartini and Pugnani.
Arnold. He was deputy organist to his fa- On returning to Dessau, in 17GG, he became
ther at St. Mary's, Aldermanbury, 1789-93 ;
the centre of its musical life, and owing to
organist to Great Queen's
the chapel in his exertions a theatre was opened in 1774.
Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in 1794-98 of ; In 1775 he was appointed music director
270
;
RUST
and married liis pupil, Henriette Niedhart, had many pupils became organist of St.
I
i-emaiuing the rest of his life Dessau with Luke's Church in 1861
in and in 1862-74 ;
the exception of brief visits to other German was director of the Bach Society founded by
cities. In his last illness he composed a G. Vierliug. He was apjiointed royal music
violin sonata for the E string, anticipating director in 1864; received the degree of
and even surpassing Paganini, because his doctor of music in 1868 from Marburg Uni-
work was to be played also upon the other versity became instructor of counterpoint ;
strings with transposition of the key. and composition at Stern's Consen-atorium

Works Inkle und Yariko, a duodrama in 1870 and in 1878 went to Leipsic as
:
; ;
Der blaue Moutag, comic opera Col ma, a organist of the Thomaskirche, and in- ;
monodrama ; Korylas und Lalage, a pas- structor at the Conservatorium, and suc-
toral ; Music to plays and prologues Sev- ceeded E. F. E. Richter as cantor of the
;
eral cantatas : Psalm

and Thomasschule in 1880. Since 1853 he has
for solo, chorus,
orchestra ; and viole been connected with the Deutsche Bachge-
Trio for flute, violin,
d'amour 2 collections of odes and songs sellschaft, and has edited many volumes of
;
;
7 sonatas for pianoforte 3 do. for violin its edition of Bach has also edited compo-
; ; ;
Italian arias 24 variations on a song by sitions by other masters. Works Sacred

; :
Schulz. He left unpublished four dozen choruses, part-songs for male or mixed
sonatas for pianoforte, several four-hand voices, and soli, with orchestra or organ ;
sonatas, many sonatas for violin and other Motets, and other church music Caprices, ;
instruments, concertos, variations, fugues, nocturnes, fantasias, and other compositions

songs, etc. —
Mendel Fctis Gerber Schil- for pianoforte Collections of songs. Men-
; ; ; ; —
ling Riemann.
: del Riemann Fctis. ; ;
RUST (Rusti), GIACOMO, born in Rome RUST, WILHELM KARL, born in Des-
in 1741, died about 1787. Pupil of the sau, April 29, 1787, died there, April 18,
Couservatorio della Pieta in Naples and of 1855. Pianist and organist, son and pupil
Rinaldo da Capua in Rome produced his of Friedrich Wilhelm Rust, and while at- ;
first opera in Venice became maestro de tending Halle University studied thorough-
;
capilla of the Cathedral of Barcelona in 1767,bass under Turk. He went in 1807 to

but visited Italy again several times. Works Vienna Beethoven praised his playing, ;
— Operas La coutadiua in corte, 17G-4

: and recommended him so highly that ho ;
L' idolo cinese, 1774 L' amor bizzarro, secured many distinguished pupils. In 1819
;
Alessandro nell' Indie, 1775; R baroue di he became organist of the Protestant church
Terra Asciutta, II Socrate immaginario, R of Vienna, but in 1827 returned to Dessau.
Giove, 177G I due i^rotetti, 1777
; Gli Works Songs Organ preludes 3 four- ; : ; ;
antiquari in Palmira, 1780 Artaserse, 1784 hand fantasias Variations. Mendel FO-
; ; — ;
II talismano, 1785 Berenice, 1786.— Fe- tis Riemann.

; ;
tis ;Schilling Mendel Gerber. ; RUSZLAN AND LUDMILLA, grand

;
RUST, WILHELIM, born in Dessau, Aug. Russian opera in five acts, text by Alexan-
15, 1822, still living, 1890. Pianist and order Pushkin, music by Glinka, first repre-
ganist, pupil of his uncle, Wilhelm Karl sented in St. Petersburg, Nov. 27, 1842.
Rust, on the pianoforte and organ, and of The scene is laid in the Caucasus in fabu-
F. Schneider in composition. He was mu- lous times, and the music is Asiatic and
sical instructor in a Hungarian nobleman's oriental in colouring. The overture was
family in 1845-49 settled in 1849 in Ber- performed at the Crystal Palace, London,
;
lin, where he was a member of the Singa- July 4, 1874. Published by Schott (Mainz,
kademie in 1849-51, and later of the Bach- between 1852 and ISCO) by Schubcrlh ;
vereiu. He played in several coucerts and (Hamburg, between 1868 and 1876). The
; ;
KUTA
Circassian March, from the opera, arranged was published by G. D. Russell & Co. (Bos-
for the pianoforte for four hands, by Liszt ton, 1875).
(Schubert, Leijisic). RUTH ET BOOZ, oratorio, by Lesueur,

EUTA, MICHELE, born at Caserta in first performed in Paris about 1810. Other
1827, still living, 1890. Dramatic and oratorios and cantatas on the same subject,
church conii)oser, pupil at the Naples Con- in Italian Le nozze di Ruth, by Sacchini,
:
servatorio of Lanza on the pianoforte, of about 1770 Ruth, by Pietro Raimondo,

;
Cimarosa the younger and of Cresceutini Naples, about 1834. In French: Ruth et
in singing, of Gennaro Parisi in harmonj', Booz, by Antoiue Elie El wart, about 1850.
and of Francesco Ruggi and Carlo Conti in In German Ruth, by Eckert, Berlin, Feb.
:
counterpoint and composition. In 184:8 he 7, 1834 by Aloys Schmitt, about 1850

; ;
joined the volunteers against Austria, and Ruth und Boos, by Henry Litolff, 18G9 ;
after the defeat at Novara returned to Ruth und Booz, by Steiuhauser, 1879 ;
Naples, where he wrote several didactic Ruth, cantata for chorus, soli, and piano-
works, and afterwards took up composi- forte, by H. M. Schletterer, op. 50 and ;
tion. Works — Ojieras : Leonilda, Naples, biblical scenes, by Le Beau, Munich, March
1853 ; Diana di Vitry,1859 L' impre- ib., ; 5, 1883. In English Ruth, by Felice :
sario per projetto, 1873 Imelda, bal-ib., ; Giardini, London, 1772 by Samuel Wes- ;
let. Grand cantata 2 masses with orches- ; ley, ib., 1778 Naomi, by Edward Thomas
;
tra ;3 do. alia Palestrina 2 do. for male ; Chipp, London, about 18G0 Ruth, biblical ;
voices, with harp, harmonium, violin, and idyl, by Otto Goldschmidt, Hereford (Eng-
double-bass Requiem, for 4 voices and or- land) Festival, 18G7.
;
chestra Te Deum Several motets G al-

; ; RUTH ET NOIBH, oratorio, by Lesueur, ;
bums of vocal melodies Songs and part- first performed in Paris about 1810.
;
songs, and many pianoforte pieces. Fetis, RUTINI, FERDINAND, born in Mod- —
Supplement, ii. 404. ena, Italy, in 17G7, died at Terracina, No-
KUTH, dramatic oratorio, by Frederic vember, 1827. Dramatic composer, Son
Hymen Co wen, first jjer formed at the Wor- and pupil of the following became maestro ;
cester (England) Festival, under the com- di cappella at Macerata, later at Terracina.
poser's direction, Sept. 8, 1887. Characters Works : L'avaro, Rome, 1789 ; II matri-
represented : Euth, Mme Albani ; Orpah, monio per industria, Florence, 1792 ; II
Miss Anna Williams Naomi, Miss Hope locandiere deluso, ib., 1794 La prova del
; ;
Glenn Boaz, Mr. Edward Lloyd Mr. Wat- dramma serio, ib., 1797 Cantatas with or-
; ; ;
kin Mills, an Elder, and a Reaper. This chestra. Ft'tis. —

oratorio was first given in London at the RUTINI, GIOVANNI MARCO, born in
Crystal Palace, Dec. 17, 1887 and
Florence in 1730, died there in 1797. Dra-
; first in
America, by the Boylston Club, Boston matic composer, pupil at the Conservatorio
(Mass.), March 7, 1888 Athenaeum (1887), di Sant' Onofrio, Naples travelled in 1754
; ;
ii. 380, 87L in Germany, and settled in 1757 at Prague.

RUTH AND NAO^n, a scriptural idyl After his return to Italy, in 1786, he was at
in two parts, text from the Bible, music by first maestro di cappella to the Duke of
Leopold Damrosch, first i:)erformed by the Modena, then to the Grand Duke of Tus-
Oratorio Society of New York, under the cany. Works Operas Ezio, Leghorn, — :
composer's direction, Feb. 22, 1875. Char- 17G4 L' Olandese in Italia, Florence, 1765 ; ;
acters represented Ruth (S), Miss Harriet Gli sposi in maschera, Modena, 1766
:
E. Bedloe Naomi (C), Miss Anna Drasdil

; Amor industrioso, 1767 Vologeso Zulis- ; ;
(T), Mr. Alexander Bischoff and Boaz (B), ma, Florence, 1777. Lavinia e Turno, can-
;
Mr. Franz Remmertz. The pianoforte score tata (Leipsic, 1756) Cantate a voci di ;
278
;;
ECJY
soj)rano con 4 stromenti 25 became rector of the Gymnasium at Rocz-
(ib., 1758) ;
senate per il cembalo, etc. — Fetis

Mendel. mittal. Works IG solemn mas.ses, with
; :
RUY BLAS, overture for orchestra, by orchestra 24 short masses G German do. ; ;
Mendelssohn, op. 95, first performed in G pastoral do., with Bohemian text 10 ;
Leipsic, March 11, 1839, Mendelssohn was short pastoral masses ; 3 requiems ; 30 of-
commissioned to write a romanza, op. 77, fertories 20 motets 2 Veni, Sancte Spiri- ; ;
for a performance of Victor Hugo's " Ruy tus 5 Te Deum 7 Salve Regina 2 Alma ; ; ;
Bias " for the benefit of the Theatrical Redemptoris G Regina cteli 3 Stabat ; ;
Fund, and hearing regret expressed, on de- Mater Vespers G comic operas and melo- ; ;
livering the copy, that he had not composed dramas 35 symphonies for orchestra Over ; ;
an overture, wrote this one in less tlian 400 allemandes and square dances, for do. ;
three days. It isdated Leipsic, March 8, 38 concertos for various instruments 87 ;
1839, and its comjioser said that it gave sonatas for do. 7 quintets 72 quartets ; ; ;
him "more fun" than anything he had ever 48 5G duos for various instruments trios ;
;
written. Lento in T> minor, Allegro molto 35 serenades and noi-turnes 130 variations ;
in C. Mendelssohn took the MS. of this German and Bohemian songs. Fetis — ;
overture to London and it was MendeL

in 1844,
tried at a Philharmonic rehearsal, but was
not given until May 25, 1849. It was first
jDcrformed by the New York Philharmonic SABADINI, Don BERNARDO, born in
in the season of 1854-55. The MS., which Venice, second half of the 17th cen-
was not printed until after Mendelssohn's tury, died (?). Dramatic composer,
death (Posthumous Works, No. 24), is in maestro di cappella at the court of Parma.
Buckingham Palace. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Works Furio Camillo, Parma, IGSG Didio :
;
Mendelssohn Werke, Serie ii., No. 14. Giuliano, Piacenza, 1G87 Zenone tiranno, ;
RUY BLAS, Italian ojêra in four acts, Parma, 1G87 II favore degli dei, ib., 1G89; ;
text by d'Ormeville, music by Filippo Mar- La gloria d' a more, ib., 1G90 Circe abban- ;
chetti, first rejiresented at La Scala, Milan, donata da Ulisse, ib., 1G92 Talestri inna- ;
Ajjril 3, 18G9. Other operas of the same morata di Alessandro niagno, ib., 1G93 ;
title, in Italian : By Poniatowsky, Lucca, Eraclea, ib., 1G9G ; I disegni della Divina
September, 1843 by Besanzoni, Piacenza, Sapienza, oratorio, 1G98.
; — Frtis ; do., Sujv
1843. In English: By Howard Glover, plement, ii. 357.
London, Oct. 28, 18G1. In German By : SABBATINI, GALE,A7.Z0, born at Pe-
'Max Zenger, text by Karl Heigel, end of the IGth century. Church com-
Mann- saro,
heim, June 4, 18G8 Entr'acte music and poser, maestro di cappella to the Duke del-
;
overture, by Jacques Strunz, Paris, about la Mirandola. Kircher attributes to him

1840. Operas on the same subject ^fari- the invention of a harpsichord on which the
:
tana, in English, by Wallace, text by Fitz- whole science of harmony is easily demon-
bal], London, Nov. 15, 1845 Maria di strated (Musurgia, i. 4G0). ^Musical works
;
:
Neuemburgo, in Italian, by Chiaramonte, Five books of Madrigals (Venice, 1G27, 1G30,

Bilbao, 1862 and Doji Cesar do Bazan, in 1G3G)
; ; SacriO laudes musicis. etc. (.Vntwcrp,
French, by Massenet, Paris, Nov. 30, 1872. 1()42) ; Sacrarum lauduni, lib. i., ii., op. 7
RYBA, JAKOB JAN, born at Przcstitz, (ib., 1G37, 1G41) ; Litanie, oj). S (ib.. 1G3S);
Bohemia, Oct. 2G, 17G5, died at Roczmittal, Sacri laudi c motetti, op. 9 (Homo, 1G40).
ib., in 1815. Virtuoso on the violin, violon- He published also Regole facili e brcvi i>er
cellist, and organist, first instructed by his suonare sopra il bas.so contiiuio, etc. (Ven-
father, an organist, afterwards in Prague pu- ice, 3 editions, 1G28, 1G44, 1GG9),— Fetis ;
pil in composition of Segert. In 1788 he Riemann ]\Iendel, ;

SABINO
SABINO, IPPOLITO, born in Venice (?) rante. His progress was rapid, and an in-
about 154:5, died Nothing
('?). is known of termezzo, Fra Donato, written by him, and
his hfe. His works are found in the col- performed by the
lections of that time, particularly in Har- pupils of the Con-
monia celeste (Antwerp, 1592) ; Waelraut's servatoi-y, was re-
Syniphonia angelica (ib., 159i) and Trioiifo ; ceived with flatter-

di Dori (Venice, 1596 Antwerp, 1596) ; ;
ing approbation.
Ghirlauda de' madrigali (Antwerp, 1601) ;
He left the Con-
Madrigali a otto (ib., 1596). Works: 8 servatorio in 1756,
books of Madrigals, 5, 6, 7, and 8 voices a year after Du-
(Venice, 1570-89) Magnificat, 4 voci (ib.,
; rante's death, and
1584) ; Cautiones divtC Marite, 4 vocum (ib., supported himself
1685). —Fetis ; Mendel ; Eiemann. some time by
8AB0LY, NICOLAS, born at Monteux, teaching singing, and composing short
near Vaucluse, Jau. 30, 1614, died at Avi- pieces for minor theatres. In 1762 the
gnon, July 25, 1675. One of the Proveuyal success of his first serious opera, Semi-
musicians whose Noiils have been sung in ramide, at the Argentina, Rome, was such
France for the last two centuries edu- that he was attached to that theatre as com-
;
cated by the Jesuits music-master of the poser until 1769.

; But he wrote operas for
collegiate church of Saint-Pierre, Avignon other cities also, and his Alessandro nell'
;
subsequently its organist and maitre de Indie (1768) made such a furore at Venice
chapelle. He composed at that time in that he was given the directorship of the
the vernacular eighty -one Nools, which are Osjêdaletto music school there, which post
considered part of French musical history. he held uutil 1771. During this year he
His poems have been set to music by other left Venice for London, where he arrived in
musicians, but his own arrangements have April, 1772, visiting Munich, Stuttgart, and
remained the popular favourites. The orig- other German cities on the wây. His fame
inal edition, now extremely rare, is en- had preceded him, and he was at first op-
titled Lei noue de san Pierre, en Avignon posed by a powerful clique, which, however,
:
(Avdgnon, chez Pierre Orfay), and is com- he soon overcame. His operas II gran' Cid,
posed of six collections (1669, 1670, 1671, Tamerlano, Lucio Vero, Nitteti, and Perseo
1672, 1673, 1674). A copy is in the Library had a perfect triumph. But soon the jeal-
of the Arsenal, Paris. It has been often ousy of rivals, intriguing cabals, impaired
reprinted, eleven editions at Avignon (1699 health and debt into which his dissolute hab-
to 1845) two editions in Paris (Carpentras, its had plunged him, forced him to quit Lon-
;
1803, 1839). Saboly was made in 1658 don, and in 1782 he went to Paris. His
Bachelier c-s lettres of the University of music was already known there to a certain
—
Aviguon. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 466 Men- extent, as he had produced a translation of
;
del, Ergiiuz., 407, his Isola d' amore (under the title of La
SACCHINI, .VNTONIO MAEM
GAS- colonic) while on a visit in 1781. In Paris
PARO, born at Pozzuoli, Italy, July 23, he was taken up by Joseph H. of Austria,
1734, died in Paris, Oct. 7, 1786. Dramatic who presented him to Marie Antoinette.
comiioser, son of a poor fisherman. Through Under the protection of the Queen, several
the iufluence of Durante he was admitted of his operas (most of them remodelled ver-
to the Conservatorio di San Onofrio, Naples, sions of his Italian works) were brought
where he studied the violin under Nicola out, but with no marked success. At last,
Forenza, singing under Geunaro Manna, in 1785, he finished his Q^dipe u Colone
and harmony and counterpoint under Du- (his masterpiece), which, according to the
280
;
;
SACCHIXI
Queen's promise, was to have been the first and, as II gran' Cid, London, 1773, also in
opera given at Fontaiuebleau after the court French, as Chimine, Fontaiuebleau, 1783,
had gone there for the next season. But and Paris, Acadc-mie Royale de Musique,
considerable influence was brought to bear Feb. 9, 1784 Eumeue, Rome, 17G3 An- ; ;
upon Marie Antoinette from other quar- dromacca, Florence, 17G3 L' amor in ;
ters, and the promise was not kept and campo, Rome, 17G4 Lucio Vero, Naples,
;
;
Sacchini, seeing that matters were hopeless,

Teatro San Carlo, Nov. 4, 17G4 La con- ;
found nothing better to do than to take to tadina in corte, Rome, 17G5 H Creso, Na- ;
his bed and die, literally of despair. As ples, 17G5, and London, 1775 L' isola d' ;
soon as he was dead, his works began to Amore, Rome, 17GG Olunpittdr, Milan, ;
find favour in the eyes of the Paris public, 17G7, and in French, as L'Olympiade, ou le
and they were not long in rising to the triomphe de lamitie, Paris, Couu'die Itali-
summit of popularity. Sacchini was emi- enne, Oct. 2, 1777 Artasej-.ne, Rome, Teatro ;
nently a great melodist his style was ex- Argentina, 17G8

; Alessandro nell' Indie, ;
tremely pure and of a rare elegance. As Venice, 17G8, and a second version, Turin.
is the case with most Italian composers, 1770 Scipione in Cartagine, Munich, 1770
;
his earlier operas show many signs of that Ezio, Naples, about 1770 Calu-roe, Stutt- ;
carelessness which betrays the rapidity gart, 1770 Alessandro Scvcro, Venice, ;
with which they were written, but as he 1770 Adriano in Siria, ib., about 1770 ;
;
advanced in his career he took more pains. L' eroe cinese, Munich, 1771 Nicostrate, ;
His orchestration, though very simple, is Venice, 1771 II finto pazzo per amore, ;
masterly. He possessed also considei-ablo Paggio, near Florence, 1771, and in Ger-
dramatic power, yet his invention in this man, as Der verstellte Narr aus Liebe,
direction was limited, and he was prone to Vienna, 1779 Vologeso, 3 acts, Parma, ;
produce striking eifects too constantly by 1772 Armida (e Riiialdo), Milan, 1772,
;
the same means. His choruses, notably in and remodelled French version, lienaud,
his later works, were often surpassingly Paris, Academic Royale de Musicjue, Feb.
fine. The coldness of his reception in Paris 28, 1783 Tamerlano, London, 1773 Anti- ; ;
was undoubtedly due to the fact that the gono, ib., 1773 Nitteti, ib., 1774 Pcrseo, ; ;
public were still in the heat of the Gluckist ib., 1774 Montezuma, ib., 1775 Eritilo, ; ;
and Piccinnist controvei'sy, so that his ib., 177G L' amor soldato, ib., 1777 Mitri- ; ;
works were unnoticed, rather than con- date, ib., 1777 L' avaro deluso, ib., 1778 ; ;
demned but after OEdipe and some others II calandrino, ib., 1778 Enea e Lavinia,
; ;
of his operas had made their mark, they ib., 1779 Dardanus, tragudie-lyriquc, Paris, ;
held the stage for a long time, Q^dipe be- Academic Royale de Musitjuc, Nov. 30,
ing given as late as 1844. Upon the whole, 1784 (Edipc a Colone, ib., ib., Feb. 1,
;
Sacchini may be accounted decidedly the 1787 Arvii-e et I^velina, t raged ie-lyriquo
;
first of the second-class geniuses of his (posthumous. Act HI. finished by Rev),
epoch. ib., ib., April 30, 1788.
Works — I. Fra Donato, inter-
Operas : n. Oratorios Esther, for four voices, :
mezzo, Naples, Conservatorio di San Ono- chorus, and orchestra San Filippo, for ;
frio, 175G L'Olimpia tradita, ib., Tcatro de' three voices, two violins, viola, and bass
;
Fiorentini, 1758 II copista burlato, Milan, I Maccabei, for five voices, cliorus, and or-
;
Teatro Nuovo, 1759 I due fratelli bellati, chestra Jefte, for do.; Lo nozzo di Ruth,
; ;
opera buffa, Naples, Teatro Nuovo, 17G0 I for four voices, two violins, alto, nud bass
;
I
;
due baroni (di Eocca Azzurra), ib., Teatro L' umilta osaltata, for three voices, written
de' Fiorentini, 17G2 Semiramide, Rome, for tlie fete of Santa Anna, Naples, Dcccm-
;
Teatro Argentina, 1762 ; Chimena, ib., 17G2, i

ber, 17G4.
281
;
SACEKDOTESSA
in. Church music : Miserere, for five gesang-Verein. Works Das Thai des Es-
:
voices with iustrumeuts Kyrie cum gloria, ; pingo. Ballad for chorus with orchestra ;
for four voices with instruments auJ organ ;

Symphony Vaterunser
; ; Stiindchen for vio-
Credo, for four voices and orchestra Mass, ; loncello with orchestra ; Pianoforte music,
for two choruses and two orchestras, Venice, and songs.
1770 Dixit, for two choruses, violin, viola,
; SACRATI, FRANCESCO PAOLO,
born
bass, and organ do., for four voices, two ; in Parma, beginning of the 17th cen-
Italy,
violins, viola, and violoncello do., for four ; tury, died in Modena, May 20, 1G50. Dra-
voices, two violins, viola, violoncello, and matic composer became in IGiO maestro di
;
organ Tantum ergo, for four voices and in-

;
cappella to the Duke of Modena. Works :
struments do., for three voices and instru-

; Delia, ossia la sera, sposa del sole, Venice,
ments Five psalms, for five voices Lse-
; ;
1G39 ; La pazza, ib., 1G41
finta ; Bellero-
tatus sum, psalm for soprano solo and fonte, ib., 1042 Venere gelosa,
; ib., 1G4:3 ;
chorus do., for soprano, alto, and chorus

; ;
Ulisse errante, Proserpina rapita, ib., IGiJ: ;
Salve regina, for contralto, two violins, Semiramide in India, ib., 1G48. — Fc'tis
viola, and bass do., for so2:)rano, two vio-
; Mendel.
lins, viola, and bass and a Christmas can- ; SACRIFIZIO D' ABRAMO, IL (Abra-
tata for three voices. ham's Sacrifice), sacred opera or oratorio,
IV. Instrumental : Six trios for two vio- by Alcssandro Scarlatti, first given in Rome
lins and bass, op. 1 ; Six string quartets ;
in 1703. An aria from it, "II mio figlio,"
"
Six sonatas for the clavecin and violin, op. is published in Burney's "History of Music
3 ; and six sonatas for the clavecin and (iv. 121). Other sacred operas or oratorios
violin, op. i. One of the sonatas, in F, on the same subject By Kaiser Leopold I.,
:
•^ was published in text by Conte Caldano, Vienna, IGGO by ;
Luca Antonio Predieri, text by Francesca

Manzoni, ib., 1738 by Francesco Zoppi
;
kopf & Hiirtel) ; two cavatinas in Gevaiirt's (Zojois), St. Petersburg, about 17G7 by ;
" Gloires d'ltalie ;

" and an antiphon for Cimarosa, Naj)les, 178G by Pietro Rai- ;
two voices Choron's "Journal de Chant."

in mondi, Naples, 181G and by Francesco ;
—Hesmart, Sacchini, Paris, 1787 Framery, ; Morlacchi, Dresden, 1819. Isaak, by Ziani,
do., in the Journal encyclopedique (Dec. text by Bernardoni, Vienna, 1707 Le sacri- ;
15, 178G) ; Jullien, La cour et I'opera sous fice d' Abraham, by Cambini, Paris, 1774 ;
Louis XVI. (Paris, 1878) Fetis Grove ; ; ;

by Maria Felice Blangini, Cassel, 1811 ;
Mendel Riemann. ; Abraham's Opfer, by Peter Josef von Lind-

SACERDOTESSA D' IRMINSUL, LA paintner, Stuttgart, 1821 and Ofiara Abra- ;
(The Priestess of Ii*minsul), Italian opera hama, Polish opera, by Jozef Eisner, War-
by Giovanni Pacini, first represented in saw, 1827.
Trieste, in 1817. The subject is the same SAFFO, Italian opera in three acts, text
as that of Bellini's N(jrma. by Cammarano, music by Giovanni Pacini,
SACHS, MELCHIOR (ERNST), born at first represented in Naples, Nov. 27, 1840,
Mittelsinn, Lower Franconia, Feb.
28, 18-13, The libretto is founded on the stor}' of
still Instrumental and vocal Sappho, the Greek poet. Alcandro, high-
living, 1890.
composer, pupil at the royal school of mu- priest of Apollo, in love with Safib, prevents
sic, Munich, especially of Rheinberger be- her marriage with Faone, who marries her ;
came instructor of harmony at the same rival. Alcandro learns too late that she is
institution in 1871, founded and is still his own daughter, and who wins
Saffo,
director of the Tonkiinstler-Verein, and in honour and glory for her songs, throws
18G9-73 conducted there also the Miinner- herself into the sea. This work was civen
282
SAFFO
in Paris at the Tlieutre Italien, March 15, the Great. Works Grande messe de :
1842, with Mine and Tambu- Rome, for soli, chorus, organ, and orches-
Grisi, Mario,
rini as the chief characters. Operas on the tra, 1841 Messe de chariti' Mass for 4 ; ;
same subject Saftb, by Simon Mayr, text male voices and organ Te Deum militairo
:
;
by Sograti, Venice, 1794 by Riario-Sforza, a 4 parties et a gi-ande symphonic La

;
;
Florence, 1820 by Giovanni Baptista Fer- Creation, ode-oratorio La fin des temps,
;
;
rari, Venice, 1841 II salto di Leucade, by do.; Te Deum en contre-point

;
Litanies; ;
Luigi Mosca, Naples, 1812 Le saut de Regina cceH Ave Maria Tantum ergo
;
; ; ;
Leucade, by Legat de Furcy, about 1790, O Salutaris Ode to the memory of Pon- ;
not given Sapho, by J. P. Egide Martini, sard Trio for pianoforte and strings Vocal
; ; ;
text by the Princess Maria Sahn-Dyck, melodies. Fetis, Suppl'meiit, ii. 4(17. —
Paris, 1794 by Antoine Reicha, text b}'
; SAINT-AMANS, LOUIS JOSEl'H, born
Empis and Cournol, Paris, 1822 by Jan in Marseilles, June 2G, 1749, died in Paris
;
Bernard van Bree, text by Lennep, Amster- about 1820. Dramatic composer, destined
dam, 1834 Sapho, by Gounod, text by to become a lawyer, but joined a theatri-
;
Emile Augier, Paris, 1858 and Phaon, by cal company as accompanist, then travelled
;
Piccinni, text by Watelet, Choisy, 1778 in Italy for three years, instructing the
;
Sappho, by Franz August Kanne, about children of a Swiss baron, and in 17G9
1820. Ballets By Paolo Brambilla, text went to Paris, where he brought out sev-
:
by Gioja, Milan, 1819 Sappho von Myti- eral ojDeras with success. In 1778-79 he
;
lene, by J. N. Hummel, about 1820. —

Cle- conducted the opera at Brussels, and in
ment et Larousse. 1784 was made professor at the then re-
SAFFO, scena for soprano, text by F. cently established royal school of music in
Rizzelli, music by Alberto Eandegger, sung Paris. Dismissed at the reduction of the
by Mad. Lemmens at the British Orchestral body of teachers in 1802, he retired to
Society, Loudon, March 31, 1875, English Brest, where he composed principally ora-
translation by Campbell Clarke. torios, cantatas, and chamber nuisic. Works
SAG' DOCH AN. See Slradella. —
Operas Alvar et Miucia, Paris, Comi'dio :
SAGITTARIUS. See SckUtz. Italienne, 1770 La coquette de village, ;
SAIN DAPtOD, PROSPER, born at Vi- ib., 1771 Le poirier, ib., 1772 Lc mt'de- ; ;
enne (Isere), France, in 1814, still living, cin d'amour, ib., 1773 La mort de Didon, ;
1890. Church comjioser, pupil of Paer and ballet, at court, 177G Daphnis et Tlu'mire, ;
Halcvy won the grand prix offered by the Psyche et lAniour, pastorals L'occasiou,
; ;
Society of Sta. Cecilia in Rome, in 1841, La

de Saleucy, fausse veuve. La rosiere
for the composition of a solemn mass. Hav- comic operas, Brussels, 1778-79 La fi'to ;
ing endeavoured, with Danjou, to re-estab- de Flore, Paris, Opera, 1784 Le prix de ;
lish the old school of Choron, he took part, Tare, at court, 1785 Laurence, Paris and ;
in 1852, in founding the school of sacred Strasburg, 1790 Ninette a la cour, 1791 ; ;
music, of which Niederraeyer became the L'heureux dementi, 1794 Aspasie, 1795 ; ;
first director. He afterwards travelled in Le pauvre homme. La frte de la paix, 1797 ;
Italy, and on his return founded about La tireuse de cartes, 1799 ; L'ile dt'serto,
fifteen maitrises in various large churches 1801 Chacun a son plan, 1H02 La foe ; ;
in the provinces of France. He

was maitre UrgMe, Brest, 1803. David et Goliatli. ora-
de chapelle of Saint-Sulpice in 1862-G7, and torio, Concert Spirituel, 1777 Otlicr ora- ;
since then has been inspector of the pro- torios, cantatas, and church music. I'V- —
vincial maitrises. He is maestro di cap- tis Mendel Riemann. ; ;
pella ad honorem to the Supreme Pontiff', SAINT ANNJyS TUNE, a well-known

and commander of the order of St. Gregory tune, written to Psalm xliii., author jirob-
2S3
;
:
SAINT
ably William Croft. It is first fouiicl in Salome, Mme Lemmens. The overture,
"A Supiilement to a New
Version of the which is very dramatic, was performed pre-
Psalms " (6th ed., 1708), of which Dr. Croft viously at the British Orchestral Society's
is thought to have been the editor. The concert, London, Jan. 23, 1873, at the Lon-
name was probably suggested by the Parish don Philharmonic, July 7, and at the Bir-
of Saint Anne's, Westminster, where Dr. mingham Festival, Aug. 27, 1873. Part L
Croft was organist. The opening phrase The Desert Part II. Macha^rus. The epi- ;
of n seven-part motet by Palestrina (15G9) sodes are John's preaching Christ's bap- : ;
is identical with the first Herod's feast and John's execution.

few notes of this tism ; ;
tune, and a fugue by Bach, known in Eng- John's Leitmotiv is borrowed from the same
land as Saint Anne's fugue, opens with the cantus firmus that Mendelssohn used in
same phrase. Henry Lawes also uses it his Reformation symphony. The woi'k was
for the beginning of the tunes which he first given in London, by the Sacred Har-
set to Psalms ix. and cxxxvi. in Sandys's monic Society, March 20, 1874. Published
"Paraphrase upon the Psalms of David." by Novello, Ewer & Co. (London, 1874).
Sir Arthur Sullivan introduced Saint Anne's — Athenffium (1873), ii. 535 (1874), i. 435 ; ;
tune in the Te Deum performed at St. Upton, Standard Oratorios, 193.

Paul's, London, Feb. 27, 1872, in honour of SAINT-LEON, CHARLES VICTOR
the Prince of Wales's recovery and he ; ARTHUR, born in Paris in 1815 (April
also harmonized it variously in his air, " The 17, 1817, or in 1821 ?), died there, Dec. 2,
Son of God," for contralto with organ 1870. Violinist and dancer, son of the
obligate, printed in E. Borthwick's " Sup- ballet-master of the royal theatre at Stutt-
plemental Hymn and Tune Book " (18G8). gart. He played at concerts when four-
—Grove, iii. 212. teen, and in 1838 made a professional tour,
S.AJNT ELIZABETH. See Legende von playing his own compositions. He married
der Heiligen Elisabeth. the dancer Cerrito, was with her in 1847-
SAINT-GEORGES, Chevalier DE, born 49 in Paris, Avhere both danced in his
in Guadeloupe, West Indies, Dec. 25, 1745, ballets afterwards visited Russia, Spain, ;
died in Paris, June 12, 1799. Virtuoso on and Portugal. Works Ballets La vivan- — ;
the violin, pupil of Leclair, and in comjôsi- dicre et le postilion, Italy, 1843 La ; fille
tion of Gossec, with Avhom he founded the de marbre, Paris, 1847 Le violon ; du
Concert des amateurs he was one of the diable, ; 1849 Stella, ou les contreban-
ib., ;
directors and played the first violin. Works diers, ib., 1850 Paquerette, ib., 1851; ;
— Operas : Ernestine, Comedie Italienue, Diavoliua, 18G3 Nemea, ou I'amour venge,

;
1777 ; La partie de chasse, ib., 1778 ; La 1864 La source, 1866 Coppc-lia, ou la

; ;
1787 5 concertos for violin

fiUe garyon, ib., ; fille aux yeux d'email. Operas-ballets
with orchestra G symphonies concertantes
; Le lutin de la vallee, Le danseur du roi,
for 2 violins and orchestra Sonatas for ; ib., 1853. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 469
violin and bass do. en trios for 2 violins
; Mendel, Erglinz., 408.
—
and bass. Fetis Mendel. ; SAINT-LUBIN (NAPOLfiON ANTOINE
SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST, oratorio EUGfiNE), LEON DE, born, of French
in two parts, text by Dr. E. G. Monk, from parentage, in Turin, Italy, July 8, 1805,
the Bible, music by George Alexander Mac- died in Berlin, Feb. 13, 1850. Violinist
farren, first given at the Bristol (England)aj)peared in public at the age of nine, then
Musical Festival, Oct. 23, 1873, with great was instructed for a short time by Polledro
success. Characters represented John the at Dresden, and in 1818 became a pupil of
;
Baptist, Mr. Sautley Herod Antipas, Mr. Spohr at Frankfort. Having travelled in
;
Edward Lloyd ; a Narrator, Mmc Patey ;

Germany in 1819, he settled at Vienna, and
ab4
SAINT
studied composition. lu 1823 he joined the composer's best work, is written in ac-
the orchestra of the Josephstadt Theater, cordance with the theories of both Schu-
and in 1824 became second Kapelhiieister. mann and Wagner. The solos were suntT
After hearing Paganini, he took him for a by Miss Anna Williams, Miss Hilda Wilson,
model, retired to Hungary to devote him- Mr. E. Lloyd, and Mr. F. King. It was
self to renewed study, and won brilliant first given in London at the Bow and
success after his return to Vienna. In Bromley Institute, Oct. 30, 1883.— Athe-
1830 he was called to Berlin as Conzert- njtum (1883), ii. 313.
meister at the KOnigstildter Theater, and S AINT-M KGRIN, comic opera, text by
occupied that position until 1847. Works Dubreuil and Adenis, music by Paul and :
Belisar, melodrama, Vienna ; Kijnig Branors Lucien Hillemacher, represented at the

Schwert, opei'a ; Der Vetter des Doctor Theatre de la Monnaie, Brussels, ^larch 3,
Faust, do. ; Ballets and pantomimes ; Sym- 1886. The libretto is an adaptation of
phony ; 5 concertos for violin ; Octet ; 19 Dumas' drama, "Henri HI. et sa cour."
quartets ; Trios for pianoforte and strings ;
The opera was well received, the instrumen-
etc. —Fetis ; Mendel. tation being especially good.
SAINT LUDIkHLLA, oratorio in three SAINTON, PROSPER (PHILIPPE CA-
parts, text by Jaroslav Vrichlicky, musicby THERINE), born
Antonin Dvorak, first given, under the com- in Toulouse, France,
poser's direction, at the Leeds (England) June 5, 1813, still
Festival, Oct. 15, 1886. The story is of living; 1890. Vio-
Ludmilla, patron saint of Bohemia, who linist; destined for
becomes a Christian through the preaching the law, and stud-
of Ivan, a missionary. While seeking him ied music first as
in the forest, accompanied by Svatava, her an amateur, but in
attendant, she meets Borivoj, King of Bo- 1832 entered the
hemia, who is hunting. He falls in love Paris Conservatoire
with her, and promises to accej)t Chris- as a pupil of Habeneck, and in 1834 M'on
if she will become his bride.
tianity She the first violin prize. He was a member of
gives him her hand, and the work ends the orchestra of the Societc des Concerts
with the baptism of the royal couple and du Conservatoii'e for two years, also of the
the rejoicing of their subjects. Mme Al- Grand Opera. After an extended profes-
bani sang the part of Ludmilla ; Mme Patey, sional tour through Italy, Germany, Fin-
Svatava Mr. Lloyd, Borivoj and Mr. Sant-
; ; land,Sweden, Denmark, and Spain, he was
ley, Ivan. It was first given in London at appointed in 1840 professor of violin at the
Novello's Oratorio Concerts, under DvoKik's Conservatoire, Toulouse. In 1844 he visited
direction, St. James's Hall, Oct. 21, 1886 ;
England for the first time, playing at the
at the Crystal Palace, Nov. 26, 1886. It Philharmonic under the baton of Mendels-
was first sung in the United States by the sohn, and in 1845 was appointed professor
Troy (N.Y.) Choral Union, May 9, 1888. at the Royal Academy. He was a constant
Full and pianoforte score, by K. Weiss, leader at the Musical Union, Sacred Har-
published by Novello, Ewer & Co. (Lon- monic, the Quartet Association, Monday
don, 1887) ; and by Leede (Leipsic, 1887). Popular, and other concerts, and of the
—Athenreum (1886), ii. 541, 608. Pliilharmouic orchestra in 184(5-54. Ho
SAINT MARY MAGDALEN,was also leader of the orchestra at Coven t
cantata,
text by the Rev. W. J. Sparrow Simpson, Garden in 1847-71, and at Her Majesty's
music by John Stainer, first performed at Theatre in 1871 80 and leader at the ;
Gloucester (England), Sept. 5, 1883. This, Birmingham Festivals, and at other pro-
2ti6
;
SAINTON-DOLBY
vincial musical performances.He has form- SAINT PAUL, Mendelssohn. See Paulus.
ed many celebrated pupils, among them H. SAINT PETER, oratorio in two parts,
Weist Hill, F. Amor, and A. C. Mackenzie. text by Chorley remodelled by Benedict,
Works Two concertos for violin and or- music bj' Sir Julius Benedict, first given
:
chestra ; Solo de concert, do., op. 16 ;

under his direction at the Birmingham
Rondo mazurka, do., op. 17 ; 3 romances, (England) Musical Festival, Sept. 2, 1870.
violin and pianoforte, oj), 18 ; Several airs Mile Tietjens, ]\Ime Patey, Mr. Cummings,
with variations ;
Numerous fantasias on op- and Mr. Santley sang the solos. I. The
eras ; Tarantella, violin and pianoforte, op. Divine Call ; The Trial of Faith ; H. The
20. — Grove ; Ft'tis ; do.. Supplement, ii. Denial Repentance and The Deliverance. ; ;
474 ; Hart, The Violin, 313 Dubourg, A long and heated discussion regarding the
;
do., 213. libretto, between Mr. Chorley and the com-

SAINTON - DOLBY, CHAELOTTE poser, is in the Athenteum. Published by
HELEN, born Novello, Ewer & Co. (London). AtheniBum —
(Dolby) in London, (1870), ii. 315, 473, 5G8, 632, 664, 809;
May 17, 1821, died Mu.s. Wochenblatt (1871), 24.
there, Feb. 18, SAINT PETER,
oratoiio in two parts,
18 8 5. Contralto from the Bible, and music b}'
text selected
singer and com- John K. Paine, op. 20, first given, under the
poser, pupil of Mrs, composer's direction, in Portland, Maine,
Montague, and at in May, 1873. Mrs. Wetherbee, Miss Ade-
the Royal Academy laide Phillipps, Mr. George L. Osgood, and
.'
of Music from 1832,
-^'
Mr. RudoljDhsen sang the solos. Part I.
of J. Bennett, Elliott, and Crivelli. Elected The Divine Call The Denial and Repent-
;
King's scholar in 1837, she remained at the ance Part H. The Ascension Pentecost.
; ;
Academy five years, and was elected honor- This work w-as given at the third triennial
ary member on leaving. She made her first festival of the Boston Handel and Haydn
appearance at the Philharmonic in 1841, Society, May 9, 1874. Pianoforte score
in a quartet, and in 1842 as a solo singer. published by Ditson (Boston, 1872).— Up-
Mendelssohn was delighted with her sing- ton, Standard Oratorios, 246.
ing in oratorio, and obtained her an en- SAINT-SAENS, (CHARLES) CA:\nLLE,
gagement in 184G at the Gewandhaus Con- born in Paris, Oct.
certs, Leipsic, where she appeared with 9, 1835, still living,
great success. He dedicated his Six Songs, 18 9 0. Dramatic
op. 57, to her, and wrote the contralto composer ; began
arias in Elijah for her. She made a con- taking pianoforte
cert tour in Holland and France, in 1860, lessons at the age
married Prosper Sainton, the violinist,
]\I. of two 3'ears and a
the same year, and in 1870 retired from half, and from seven
public life. In 1872 she opened a vocal to twelve studied
academy, where she trained many excellent under Stamaty. He
scholars. Works— Cantatas
The Legend studied composition
:
of St. Dorothea, London, 1876 The Story under Maleden, except for one year, when
;
of the Faithful Soul, 1879 Thalassa he attended Halevy's class at the Conserva-
ib., ;
Florimel, for female voices, 1885 Ballads toire. He was admitted as a regular pupil ;
—
and songs. Grove Fetis, Supplement, ii. at the Conservatoire in Benoist's organ
;
474 Mendel, Ergiinz., 409

; Atheuseum class, and took the second prize for organ
:
(1885), i. 257. in 1849, and the first in 1851. In 1853 he

SAIXT-SAENS
was appointed organist at the cliurcb of Hymue a Victor Hugo, Paris, Trocadero,
Saiut-Mery, and in 1858 at the Madeleine, March 15, 1884 Psalm XIX., for solo, ;
which latter post he still holds. In 1852 chorus, and orchestra, London, Sacred Har-
his first symphony was performed by the monic Society, Nov. 20, 1885.
Societe Sainte-Cecile with flattering HI. Church Music
suc- Messe solennelle, :
cess. He failed twice to get the prix de for 4 voices and orchestra, op. 4 Tantum ;
Rome, in 1852 (?) and ISG^l ; but in 18G7 ergo in E-flat, 8 voices and pianoforte (or
Les uoces de Proiuuthce, for organ), op. 5 Eequiem for 4 voices, chorus,
his cantata, ;
the opening of the International Exposi- orchestra, and organ, op. 54 Coeli enar- ;
tion, was crowned, and got him the Legion raut. Psalm xviii., for sob, chorus, and
of Honour. His first dramatic work, a one- orchestra, op. 42 ; 20 motets for various
act piece, La princesse jaune, was almost a voices.
dead failure at the Opera Comique in 1872, rV. For Orchestra : 5 symphonies : No.
and his Samson et Dalila was hardly more 1, in E-flat, op. 2 ; No. 2, in A minor, op.
successful at "Weimar, in 1877. Indeed, he 55 ; No. 3, in C minor, op. 78 ; 2 other.s,
has never won much more than a succcs in F, and in D (MS.). 4 symphonic poems :
d'estime in opera. His great reputation Le j'oweUVOmphale, op. 31 ; Fhacton, op. 39 ;
upon his pianoforte

rests almost comjjletely macabre, op. 40; Tiajeimesse d'Her-i)a?i.se
and chamber music, and his orchestral and cule, op. 50, 3 suites No. 1, oj). 49 No. :
;
choral works. He has systematically fol- 2, suite algerieune, oj). GO No. 3, Le carna- ;
lowed Liszt's lead in the form of the sym- val des animaux. Occident et Orient,
phonic poem, as he has that of Berlioz in march 25 Marche
for military band, op. ;
orchestration, of which he shows himseK a heroique, 34 Une nuit a Lisbonne,

op. ;
complete master. He is one of the few barcarolle, op. 63 La jota aragonese, op. ;
Frenchmen who have made a jî'ofound 64 Overture to Spartacus (1863).

;
study of Sebastian Bach, and has for some V. For Solo-instruments with orchestra :
time been accounted, and probably with 4 concertos for pianoforte No. 1, in D, op. :
justice, the most thorough musician in 17 No. 2, in G minor, op. 22 No. 3, in

; ;
France. At one time he evinced pro- E-flat, op. 29 No. 4, in C minor, op. 44.
;
nounced Wagnerian tendencies, but, since 3 do. for violin No. 1, in A (MS.) No. 2, : ;
1876, his admiration for the Bayreuth mas- in C, op. 58 No. 3, in B minor, op. 61. 1 ;
ter seems to have become much restricted. do. for 'cello, in A minor, op. 33 Taren- ;
—
Works I. Operas: Jja junnccsse jaune, 1 telle for flute, clarinet, and orch., op. 6 ;
act, op. 30, Paris, Opera Comique, June 12, Morceau de concert for violin, pianoforte,
1872 Le timbre d'argent, 4 acts, ib.. Theatre and orch., op. 62; lihapsodie d'Auvergne,
;
Lyrique, Feb. 23, 1877 Samson et Dalila, for pianoforte and orch., op. 73 Introduc-
; ;
3 acts, op. 47, Weimar, Dec. 2, 1877 tion and rondo capriccioso, for violin and
;
^tienne Marcel, 4 acts, Lyons, Grand The- orch., op. 28.

atre, Feb. 8, 1879 Henry VIII., Paris, Op-
; VI. Chamber Music Septet for trunqiet, :
era, March 5, 1883 Proserpine, 4 acts, ib., strings, and pianoforte, op. 65 (the same
;
Opera Comique, March 10, 1887. is also arranged as a trio by the composer) ;
II. Oratorios and cantatas Ode a Sainte- Quintet for pianoforte and strings, in A
:
Cecile, for solo, chorus, and orchesti-a Les minor, op. 14 Wedding-cake, capricc-valso
; ;
noces de Promethee, 18G7 Cantata for the for do., op. 76 Quartet for do., in B-flat,
; ;
centenary of General Hoche, Versailles, op. 41 Caprice on Danish and Russian ;
June 24, 18G8 (MS.) Oratorio de Noc-l, op. airs, for flute, oboe, clarinet, and ])ianoforte,
;
12 ; Le deluge, oi?. 45, 187G ; La li/re et la o}). 79 ; Serenade for pianoforte, organ,
harpe, op. 57, Birmingham festival, 1879 ;
violin, and viola (or 'cello), op. 15 Trio for ;
;
SAINT URSULA
pianoforte and strings, in F, op. 18 Ko- ;
Victor Hugo, with orchestra, op. 82 G ;
luauce for pianoforte, organ, and violin, op. melodies persanes, for voices and piano-
27 ; Sonata for pianoforte and violin, in D forte, op. 26 20 melodies et duos. Saint-
;
minor, op. 75 ; Romance for do. (or flute), Saens has also published a volume of es-
in D-flat, op. 37 ; Berceuse for do., in B-flat, says. Harmonic et Mclodie (Paris, Calmann
op. 38 ; Romance for do., in C, op. 48 ;

Levy, 1885). Fetis —
do., Supplement.
;
Havanaise for do., op. 83 ; Suite for piano- SAINT URSULA, cantata, text by R. E.
forte and 'cello, op. IG ; Sonata for do., in Francillon, music by Frederic H. Cowen,
C minor, ojj. 32 Romance for do. (or horn), first
;
performed at the Norwich (England)
in F, op. 3G ; Allegro appassionato for do., Festival, Oct. 20, 1881. The libretto is
op. 43 ; Romance for do., in D, op. 51. founded ou the legend of Saint Ursula, slain
Vn. Pianoforte and Organ Music: 6 with her virgin companions by the Huns in
Bagatelles for pianoforte, op. 3 ; 3 Mazur- the Cathedral of Cologne. The solos were
kas : in G minor, op. 21 ; in id., op. 24 in ; sung by Mine Albani, Mme Patey, Mr. E.
B minor, op. G6 Gavotte in C minor, op. ; Lloyd, and Mr. E. King. This cantata
23 G ;fitudes, op. 52 Allegro ajopassion-
; ; was given by the Oratorio Society of New
ato, op. 70 Album (G pieces), oj). 72 Sou-
; ; York, Nov. 22, 1883.—Athentcum (1881), ii.
venir d'ltalie, op. 80 12 Transcriptions 535. ;
from J. S. Bach 3 do. from Beethoven's SAISONS, LES, opera-comique in three

;
quartets Many other transcriptions ; Feuil- acts and four tableaux, text by Jules Bar-
;
let d'Album for pianoforte, 4 hands, op. 81 bier and Michel Carre, music by Victor
Variations on a theme by Beethoven, for Masse, first represented at the Opera Co-
two pianofortes, 4 hands, op. 35 Polonaise mique, Paris, Dec. 22, 1855. The subject ;
for do., op. 77 6 Duets for pianoforte and treats of the betrothal of the peasants Si-
;
harmonium 3 Rhapsodies sur des can- monne and Pierre, made during the time of
;
tiques bretonues, for organ, op. 7 Bene- harvest, broken off during the vintage, and ;
diction nuptiale, for do., op. 9 Elevation renewed in winter, and ends with their ;
ou communion, for do. 2 pieces for hai*- marriage in spring. The opera is inter-
;
monium. spersed with rustic tableaux of beauty and

VIII. Vocal Music Scene d'Horace, for effect. Original cast Simonne, Mile Caro-
: :
soprano (or baritone) and orch., op. 10 line Duprez Pierre, M. Delaunay-Riquier ;
;
;
Les soldats de Gedeon, male double Nicholas, M. Battaille Jacques Battu, M. ;
chorus without accompaniment, op. 46 2 Couderc Thibault, M. Sainte-Foix and ; ; ;
choruses from Victor Hugo's L'art d'etre Zenobie, Mile Lemercier. Published by
grand-pere Chanson de grand-pere, for Brandus et Cie (Paris, 1855). Revue et
;
—
2 female voices. Chanson d'ancetre, for Gaz. mus. de Paris (1855), 406 Clement et ;
baritone solo and 4 male voices, op. 53 2 Larousse, G02. ;
choruses for 4 voices and pianoforte ad lib. SAKONTALA, German opera in three ;
Calmc des nuits, Les fleurs et les arbres, op. acts, text by Johann PhiliiDpe Neumann,
G8 2 choruses for 4 male voices unaccom- music left unfinished by Schubert. The
;
panied Les marins de Kermor, Les Titans, music, composed in 1820, is completed only
;
as far as the second act, for Schubert dis-

liked the libretto and abandoned it. The
MS. is owned by Herr Domba. The plot
is a version of the Indian drama, Ring-
âcuntala, by Kalidasa. Characters rep-

op. 71 ; Saltarelle for 4 equal voices, op. resented : Duschmanta, King of Hindostan
74 ; La fiancee du timbalier, ballad by (T.) ; Sakontala (S.) Madhawia, court ;
;
: ;
SAKUNTALA
jester (B.) ; Kanna, a Brahmin (B.) Dur- woi'k disappeared, and it was feared the
;
wasas, brother of Aditi (B.) ; Saregarawa, a plates were lost. Choron, who owned an
Brahmin Gautami, Sakontala's instructor
;
Menaka, a nymph, Sakontala's mother

;
original
printed it
coj^y,
in Paris
re-
^^^—
--
^-&-
Amusia and Primawada, her companions (1808), but the orig-

Aditi, goddess of the day Matali, chariot- ; inals were finally
driver Misraki, a demon
; and choruses of ; discovered intact.
fishermen, demons, genii, maidens, and —
"Works O p e r a s :
dancers. The fragments have never been Vologeso, Rome,

published. Other operas on this subject 1737 ; Zenobia, Na-
by Wenzel Tomaczek, unfinished by Karl ; ples, 1761 ; Merope,
von Per fall, text by Teichert, April 10, ib., 1769. Giuditta,
1853 by Felix von Weiugartner, text by
; 1780 3 oratorio, ;
the composer, Weimar, March 23, 1884 Prologues for the birthday of the King of
Sacountala, ballet by Ernest Keyer, text by Naples Mass for 4 voices and orchestra ;
Th6ophile Gautier, Paris, July 28, 1858. Litany, etc. Fetis Florimo, Cenno Storico, — ;
— Ki-eissle von Hellborn (Coleridge), Schu- etc., 562 Biog. degl. uomini ill. di Napoli,
;
bert, i. 188 Neue Zeitschr. (1884), 240.

; vi. Schilling Riemann, 794 Mendel.
; ; ;
SAKUNTALA, overture for orchestra to SALAMAN, CHARLES KENSINGTON,

Kalidasa's drama, by Karl Goldmark, op. born in London, March
13, performed by the Philharmonic
first 3, 1814, still Hving,
Society of Vienna in 1865. It was first 1890. Pianist, pupil
given by the Philharmonic Society of New on the pianoforte of
York in the season of 18G9-70. Full score Charles N e a t e in
and pianoforte arrangement for two and for 1826-31, and in har-
four hands, published by Dunkt (Vienna, mony of Dr. William
1866). Same title, overture and entr'actsby Crotch and of Ely,
Felix von Woyrsch (1885) and a Symphon- ; with whom he studied
ic poem by C. Friedrich. Neue Zeitschr. — also the violoncello.
(1860), 209, 218 ; Hanslick, Concertwesen He took pianoforte lessons of Henri Herz
in Wien, ii. 340. in Paris in 1828, and on his return to
SAKUNTALA, cantata for soli, chorus, London established himself as a teacher,
and orchestra, text by Carl Wittkowsk}', player, and composer. In 1833-37 he gave
music by Philipp Scharwenka, first given in annual orchestral concerts in London in ;
Berlin, March 9, 1885. Published by Bote 1838 played in Vienna, Munich, and other
& Bock (Berlin, 1885). cities on the continent, and resided in Rome
SALA, NICCOLO, born at a little village in 1846-48. Member of Royal Society of
near Benevento, Naples, in 1701, died in Musicians, 1837 associate of Philharmonic ;
Naples in 1800. Dramatic composer, pupil Society in 1837-55, when he resigned ;
at the Conservatorio della Pieta de' Tur- honorary member of Accademia di Sta.
chini of Fago, Abos, and Leo. He suc- Ceciha, Rome, 1846. He was one of tlic
ceeded Fago as second maestro, and in 1787 founders of the Musical Society of London
Cafaro as director. He lived to be nearly in 1858, and its secretary until 1865, and
a hundred, and up to within a short time aided in 1874 in establishing the ^[usii«al .\s-
of his death was busy with his great work sociation. Works Cantata for the Sliukcs- :
on fugue, under the title, Regole del con- pearc Jubilee at Stratford-upon-.Vvon, April
trappunto prattico (3 vols., Naples, 1794). 30, 1830 Psalm Ixxxiv. Psalm xxix. Over-
;
; ;
During the French invasion of Naples this ture in D, for orchestra ; Fantasia orches-
SALAMIS
trale, iu G
minor, do. Kondo al capriccio, yond the province in which he lived.
;
—
pianoforte and orchestra; Grand Funeral Works Motets Hie mihi O Rex Glorise ; : ;
March, in honor of Victor Hugo, orches- QujB est ista Vidi speciosam Sancta ; ;
tra and military band, 1885 ; 12 voluntaries Maria ; Nativitas tua ; Mater Dei. —Fetis.
for organ, 1885 ; Pianoforte music : Anthems SALDONI, Don BALTASAR, born in
and part-songs ; Many songs to words of Barcelona, Jan. 4, 1807, died, Madrid, 1890.
Horace, Catullus, Anacreon, etc. Songs in Dramatic and church composer, first in-
;
English, German, French, Spanish, and structed at the cathedral school, afterwards
Italian. has also lectured much on mu- at the maitrise of Santa Maria del Mar, un-
He
sical subjects,has published several critical der Andrevi. In 1818-22 he studied at the
and historical works, and contributed much music school of the Montserrat monastery,
to musical periodicals. Grove —
Brown ; the violin, violoncello, bassoon, and flute
;
Fc'tis, Supplement, ii. 475. under Padre Boeda then the organ under
;
SALA]\nS, Siegesgesang der Griechen Mateo Ferrer, and counterpoint under

(Greek Song of Victory), for male chorus, Fran9ois Querault. Becoming favorably
soli, and orchestra, text by Hermann Lingg, known by several church compositions, he
music by Max Bruch, op. 25. Full and was elected organist of Santa Maria del
pianoforte score published by Leuckart Mar. In 1829 he went to Madrid, and on
(Breslau, 18G8) also by Siegel (Leipsic). the foundation of the Conservatorio in 1830,
;
— Neue Zeitschr. (1868), 211. was made master of solfeggio and vocaliza-
SALAMIS, Siegesgesang der Griechen, tion. He went to Paris in order to study
for male chorus, soli, and orchestra, text the methods at the Conservatoire, and was
by Hermann Lingg, music by Friederich cordially received by Cherubini, Carafa,
Gernsheim, op. 10. This was sung by the Rubini, Bordogni, and by his compatriot
Apollo Club, Boston, Dec. 4, 1888. Full Sor. On his return to Madrid, he was ap-
and pianoforte score published by Rieter- pointed professor of singing at the Con-
Biedermann (Leipsic and Winterthur, 1868). servatorio. Works Operas El triunfo — :
— Neue Zeitschr. (1868), 211. del amor, 1826 Saladino e Clotilda, Ma- ;
SALARI, FRANCESCO, born at Ber- drid, 1833 Ipermestra, ib., 1838 Cleo- ; ;
gamo, Italy, in 1751, died there (?). Dra- nice, regina di Siria, ib., 1840 Boabdil, ul- ;
matic composer, pupil of Piccinui at Na- timo re}' Moro de Granada (not given) El ;
ples, and of Fioroni at Milan. He settled rey y la costurera, zarzuela La corte de ;
in Venice in 1777, and after teaching sing- Monaco, do., Madrid, 1857 Guzman il ;
ing there twenty-eight years returned to Buono (not given) Los maridos en las ;
his native city, where he was appointed mascaras, zarzuela, Barcelona, 1864. 2
professor at the music institute, and second masses, Rosario, Santo Dios, Stabat Mater,
maestro di cappella at Sta. Maria Maggiore. Miserere, and other church music with or-
Works: Ifigenia in Aulide, Casal-Monfer- chestra and organ Many hymns, motets, and ;
rato, 1776 L' amor ramingo, II marchese canticles Versets, and fugues for organ
; ; ;
carbonaro, Venice, 1776 Church music. A mi patria, symphony for orchestra, mili-
;
— Fetis. tary band, and organ 14 morceaux de ;
SAL.IZAR, Don JUAN GARCIA, Span- genre for orchestra Himno al Dios de las ;
ish composer of the 17th century, died at artes, cantata, Madrid Liceo, 1843 National ;
Zaraora (?) in 1710. Church composer, hymn, ib., 1845 Marches, choruses, and ;
maestro de capilla of the cathedral at Za- songs for 2-4 voices, with orchestra An- ;
mora. Although said to have been one of dalusian songs About 40 songs and jârt- ;
the most distinguished church composers songs, and about 30 pieces for piano-
of Spain, his works are scarcely known be- forte. Nuevo metodo de solfeo y de
290
ISALE
canto, aucl a collection of 2-4 vocalises. He clavecinist, and having a fine soprano voice,
published also Resefia historica de la Es- he went to Venice, where a member of the
cuela 6 Colegio de Musica de la Virgen Mocenigo family be-
de Montserrat, in Catalufia, desde 14:50 came interested in
hasta nuestros dias (Madrid, 185G) ; and him, and had him
Efifemerides de musicos espanoles, asi pro- placed at the singing-
fesoi-es como aficionados (Madrid, 1860). school of San Marco,
—Fetis ; do., Supplement, ii. 47G ; Eie- on condition that he
mann Mendel do., Erglinz., 409.
; ; should sing in the
SALE, FEANCOIS, Belgian church com- choir on Sundays and
poser of the 16th century. Educated in festas. Here he stud-
Belgium, he settled, when the Netherlands ied harmony under
were distracted by wars, at Hall, Tyrol, Giovanni Peschetti,
where he was under the patronage of the and singing under Fernando Pacini. In
Austrian Princess Magdalena, in whose chapel 1766 Giovanni Mocenigo recommended
he served as chori magister under the Arch- Salieri to Gassmann, imperial Kapellmeis-
bishop of Salzburg. There he wi-ote his ter at Vienna, who had gone to Venice to
motets, which were afterwards published in bring out one of his operas, and he went
the great collection, printed under the pat- with him to Vienna, arriving on June 15,
ronage of the Dukes of Bavaria, entitled 1766. Gassmann's instruction, and the
Patrocinium musices. In 1591 he was called study of Fux's "Gradus," completed Sali-
to Prague to serve in the royal chapel of eri's musical education. At the same time
Rudoli^h n., and in 1591-99 he served as he studied German and French, and the
tenor under Philippe de Monte. After rules of Latin and Italian versification under
this date nothing further is known of him. a priest, one Pietro Tomasi. Gassmann
Other works Sacrarum cantiouum, etc.
: was fairly delighted Avith his pupil, treated
(Prague, 1593) ; Tripartiti operis officiorum him as one of his own family, and paid all
missalium, etc. 1594) (ib. ; Officiorum mis- his expenses, benefits for which Salieri was
salium quibus introitus, etc., liber secun- by no means ungrateful. In 1770, while
dus (ib. 1594) do., liber tertius (ib. 1596).
; Gassmann was in Rome, bringing out an
Patrocinium Musices In Natalem Domini : opera during the Carnival, Salieri took his
Jesu Christi, etc. (Munich, 1598) Oratio ; place as conductor, and also wrote his first
ad Sanctam B. V. Mariam, etc., prayers to comic opera, Le doune letterate, which,
the patron saints of Hungary and Bohemia after being approved by Gluck and Calza-
(Prague, 1598).— Van der Straeten, i. 169 ; bigi, was successfully brought out at the
v. 115 Eiemaun Mendel.
; ; Burgtheater. In 1774 Gassmann died, and
SALIERI, ANTONIO, born at Legnano, Salieri did much for his family, and even
in the Venetian territory, Aug. 19, 1750, educated two of his daughters for the lyric
died in Vienna, May 7, 1825. Dramatic stage. He was appointed court composer,
composer, son of a rich merchant, who and on Bonno's death in 1788 was made
gave him a good education. He studied court Kapellmeister. In 1776 he became
the violin under his brother Francesco, a director of the opera and held the post un-
pupil of Tartini, and the clavecin under til 1790, when he resigned in favor of his
Giuseppe Simoni, organist at the Legnano pupil, Weigh From 1770 to 1774, inclu-
Cathedral. About 1765 his father died, af- sive, Salieri wrote nine operas in the Ital-
ter ruining himself and his family by un- ian style, the most remarkable of whicli was
lucky speculations, and Antonio was left to Armida. But after tlio production of La
his own resovu'ces. Being already a good calamita de' cuori in 1774, (iluck's new
991
SALIERI
dramatic style began to fascinate liim version was given there under the title Axur,
;
he formed an intimacy with Gluck, studied re d' Ormus. In 1801 he went to Trieste
his works with enthusiasm, and profited to bring out an opera, composed for the
much by his counsels. A marked change opening of the new opera-house there. On
in his own style was the consequence ;
June 16, 1816, he celebrated the fiftieth
Salieri's second manner was founded almost anniversary beginning of his public
of the
wholly on Gluck, although a certain indi- career at Vienna, on which occasion compo-
vidual melodic charm still characterized his sitions by several of his pupils were given,
music. In 1778 he visited Italy, where he and he was decorated with the gold " Civil-
wrote operas for Rome, Venice, and
five Ehrenmedaille." Up to 1818 he continued
Milan, Europa riconosciuta being given at to conduct almost every concert of the Ton-
the opening of the new La Scala opera- kiinstler-Societiit, of which he was vice-
house on Aug. 3, 1778. When Gluck re- president. On June 14, 1824, he retired on
turned from Paris to Vienna in 1780, bring- a full salary, after fifty years' service at
ing with him the libretto of Les Danaides, court. In 1805 he lost his only son, and in
of which he had contracted to comi:)Ose the 1807 his man, was emi-
wife. Salieri, as a
music for the Paris Opc-ra, finding that his he was active,
nently worthy of respect ;
health was failing him, he handed over benevolent and, if quick-tempered, was
both libretto and contract to Salieri, with- easily pacified when angry. He was in the
out letting the Paris authorities into the habit of assisting poor musicians with money
secret. Salieri, although not very familiar or gratuitous instruction. At his death he
with French, undertook the task. When bequeathed forty-one MS. scores to the
the score was done, Gluck wrote to the di- Tonkiinstler-Societilt they are now in the ;
rector of the Academic Koyale de Musique Vienna Hofbibliothek. His relations with
that one of his pupils had "assisted him" Haydn and Beethoven were of the most cor-
in writing the music, and that he would dial kind he, however, let his jealousy of
;
also superintend the mounting of the work Mozart stand in the way of his treating that
in Paris. Salieri arrived there with his great man with perfect fairness. As a com-
score in 1784 Les Danaides was first j)oser, Salieri was distinctly a man of his
;
given a few times at court, and then in own time, and his works did not long out-
Paris with immense success, the publisher live him. But he was a complete master of
Deslauriers paying 1,200 crowns for the his art he wrote extremely well for the
;
score, on the condition that the authorship voice, and knew how to adapt Gluck's de-
should be attributed to Gluck until the clamatory style to the more independently
thirteenth performance. Accordingly it musical forms of Italian opera. He was
was only on the morning of that performance the great model of all German dramatic
that a letter from Gluck was published, composers during the first quarter of the
proclaiming Salieri as the real and sole nineteenth century.
composer of the work. Salieri soon re- Works, I. Operas Le donne letterate, :
turned to Vienna, bringing with him the opera buffa, Vienna, carnival, 1770 L' amore ;
libretto of Les Horaces. From the time of innocente, pastorale, ib., 1770 Don Chi- ;
his return to 1785 he produced five operas, sciotto alle nozze di Gamazzo, ib., 1771 ;
and then returned to Paris with the com- Armida, 3 acts, ib., 1771 La fiera di Ve- ;
pleted score of Les Horaces, which was nezia, ib., 1772 II barone di Rocca Antica,;
brought out without success in 1786. ib., 1772 La secchia rapita, 3 acts, ib., ;
Next year, however, Tarare was received 1772 La locandiera, 3 acts, ib., June 8,
;
with boundless enthusiasm. On his return 1773 La calamita de' cuori, ib., 1774 La
; ;
to Vienna, Salieri remodelled it, and the new finta scema, ib., 1775 Delmita e Daliso, ;
2!>2
; ;
SALOMAN
ib., 1776 Europa riconosciuta, Milan,
; ' and orchestra
ruses, Requiem, for four;
1778 La scuola de' gelosi, ib., 1779, and

; chorus, and orchestra
voices, Te Deum, ;
Dresden, 1781 La partenza inaspettata, 2 ; for four voices, chorus, and orchestra Te ;
acts, Rome, 1779, and Milan, April 23, Deum, for two choruses Te Deum, for ;
1786 II talismano (with Giacomo Rusti),

; foui* voices, chorus, and orchestra Vespers, ;
Milan, 1779 La dama pastorella, ib., 1780

; nine numbers written for the dedication of
;
DerRauchfaugkehrer, 3 acts, Vienna, 1781 a church 4 graduals

; Offertories, psalms,
;
Semiramide riconosciuta, Stockholm and motets, etc., for solo voices and choruses.
Munich, 1782 Les Dana'klea, tragedie- ; V. Vocal About fifty short pieces includ-
:
opera, 5 acts, Paris, Academic Roy ale de ing airs, trios, duos, and choruses with or-
Musique, April 26, 1781 II ricco d' ; un chestral accompaniment 28 divertis.se- ;
giorno, opera bufta, Vienna, 1784 ; La ments with pianoforte accompaniment

grotta di Trofonio, do., ib., 1785 Eraclito ; (Weigl, Vienna) Scherzi armonici, consist-
;
e Democrito, ib., 1785 Prima la musica e ; ing of twenty-eight canons for three voices
poi le parole, 1 act, Schonbrunn, Feb. 7, a cappella(ib.) 40 canons for four voices
; ;
and Vienna, Feb. 11, 1786 Gli Orazzi, Vi- ; 12 for two, three, and four voices a ca-
enna, 1786, and in French, as Les Horaces, pella Many MSS. and a method of singing ;
tragedie-lyrique, Academie Italian verse, for four voices with accompani-

5 acts, Paris,
Royale de Musique, Dec. 17, 1786; Tarare, meni of bass (in MS.). \7. Instrumental:
Paris, Academie Royale de Musique, June Symphonic concertante for violin, oboe, and
8, 1787, and in Italian, as Axur, re d' Ormus, violoncello, 1774 Concerto for flute and ;
Vienna, 1788 Cublai, gran Can de' Tartari, oboe, 1774 do. for the organ, 1775 Svm-
; ; ;
Vienna, 1788 ; II talismano (second ver- phony, for orchestra, 1776 ; 2 concertos
sion, by Salicri alone), ib., Sept. 10, 1788 ;
H pastor fido, 4 acts, ib., 1789 ; La cifra.

0^^î£^<J^
/f,fJ^yJ-e
alia rovescia, ib., 1793 ; 1778 Serenade and bal-
L' isola capricciosa, for the pianoforte, ;
ib., 1794 ; Palmira, regina di Persia, 2 acts, let music

24 variations for the orchestra ;
ib., 1795 II moro, 2 acts, ib., 1796

; I tre on the theme, Folies d'Espagne. Mosel, ; —
filosofi (not performed, written in 1797) Ueber das Leben und die Werke dcs Anton ;
Fallstaff, ossia le tre burle, ib., 1798 An- Salieri (Vienna, 1827) Jullien, La cour et ; ;
giolina, ossia il matrimonio per susurro, I'opera sous Louis XVI. (Paris, 1878) Fe- ;
ib., 1800 Cesare in Famagosta, ib., 1800

;
tis do.. Supplement Grove Mendel ; ; ; ;
Annibale in Capua, Trieste, 1801 La bella Riemann. ;
selvaggia, Vienna, 1802 Die Neger, ib., SALOMAN, SIEGFRIED, born at Ton-
;
1802. II. Oratorios : La passione di Gesh dern, Schleswig, in 1818, still living, 1890.
Christo, 1776 ; Gesti al limbo, 1803 ; and Violinist, first instructed by his father, then
Saul (in fragments). III. Cantatas : La by Christian Selmer, Sahlgrccn, and several
sconfitta di Borea, 1774 ; II trionfo della other masters at Copenhagen ; finally pui)il
gloria e dellaLe jugement virth, 1774 ; of Lipinski atDresden (1841), and in com-
dernier, 1787 La riconoscenza, 1796 Der
; ; position of Weyse and Siboni at Copen-
Tyroler Landsturm, 1799 La riconoscenza ;
hagen, and of Schneider at Dessau. After
del Tirolesc, 1800 ; L' oracolo, 1803 Haps-
; his return to Denmark in 184:? he settled
burg, 1805. IV. where he gave lectures on
Church music : Mass with at Coijcnhagen,
gradual and offertory for 4-part chorus a the theory of music, and composed several
cappella do., with orchestra 2 masses for operas.
;
In 1847-50 he travelled in Ru.ssia, ;
four voices, soli, chorus, and orchestra Germany, and Holland, where in 1S5() lie ;
Mass with gradual and offertory, two cho- married the singer Henrietto Nissen, and
—
;:
SALOMON
with her made a great concert tour through for Haydn's music at this period, and intro-
Sweden, Finland, and Eussia. Early in duced his works at all his concerts. When
1857 he was again in Germany and hved the Prince dis-
in some of the Ehenish cities, Switzerland, missed his band,

and in 1858-59 at Brussels, after which he he went to Paris,
settled at St. Petersburg. Works— Operas thence to London,
Tordenskjold in Dynakilen (Tordenskjold where he made his
in Dalecarlia), Copenhagen, ISi-l Das first appearance in
;
Diamautkreuz, ib., 1847 Die Herzens- ;

1781, and settled
probe, ib., 1847 Das Korps der Rache,; for the rest of his
Weimar, 1850, Frankfort and Darmstadt life, apiêaring at
Die Eose der Karpathen, Moscow, 1868. concerts as solo and

Some instrumental music, and songs. quartet-player, and
Futis Mendel
;
Riemann. ;
conductor. In 1786 he gave a series of con-
SALOMON, HECTOR, born at Stras- certs at the Hanover Square Rooms, bring-
burg, May 29, 1838, still Hving, 1890. Pi- ing out Mozart's, and Haydn's symphonies.
anist and dramatic composer, at first studied He was leader also at many other concerts,
tlie violin, then became a pupil on the pi- the Academy of Ancient Music in 1789, the
anoforte of Frederic Leutz, and at the Paris Oxford Commemoration, Dublin, and Win-
Conservatoire of Jonas and Marmontel, and chester. In 1790 he went to the continent
in harmony of Bazin, and composition of to engage singers for the Italian opera, and
Halevy. On leaving the Conservatoire he hearing of Prince Eszterhuzy's death, hur-
was accompanist at the Boufifes Parisiens, ried to Vienna, and carried Haydn off in
and from 1860 at the Theatre Lyrique in ; triumph to England. He produced the
1870 he became second chorus master at Creation in 1800, although not for the first
the Grand Opera, where he is now chef de time in England. One of his last public
chant. Works : Fascination, ballet, Bouffes acts was the founding of the Philharmonic
Parisiens, 1856 ; Les dragees de Suzette, Society, whose first concert he led in the
opera-comique, Theiiti'e Lyrique, 1866 ;
Argyll Rooms, March 8, 1813. He excelled
L'aumonier du z'egiment, ib., 1877; Le in quartet playing, and Haydn's last quar-
genie de la France, cantata Bianca Ca- ; tets were composed especially for him.
pello, opera (MS.) Les contes d'Hoffmann, ; Works Windsor Castle, opera The Mar-
: ;
do.; Lubin Dandin, opera-comique (do.) ;

riage of Peleus and Thetis, a masque ;2
2 symphonies Quartet for strings
; So- ; violin concertos, arranged for pianoforte,
nata for pianoforte and violin ; Romances with full accompaniment 6 solos for vioUu
;
sans paroles, for do.; About 200 melodies (Paris and London) Hiskias, oratorio, in
;
vocales ; Church music. —Fetis, Supple- MS., now in the Royal Library, Berlin.
ment, ii. 479. His grand chorus in honour of the King's
SALOMON, JOHANN PETER, born in recovery, performed by the New Musical
Bonn, in January, 1745, died in London, Fund in 1789, and repeated at his own
Nov. 28, 1815. Viohnist, educated for the concert, was his one successful vocal piece.
law, but early showed talent for the violin, — Gi'ove Dubourg, The Violin, 233 Hart,
; ;
and in 1758 was admitted into the orches- do., 361; Harmonicon, 1830, 45; Mendel;
tra of the Elector Clemens August at Bonn. Rochlitz, Fiir Freunde der Musik, iii. 187.
In 1765 he made a concert tour to Fx-ank- SALUT A LA FRANCE. See Fille du
fort and Berlin then was Conzertmeister
; Regiment.
and composer to Prince Heinrich of Prussia SALUT, DEMEURE CHASTE ET
at Rheinsberg. He showed his preference PURE. See Faust, Gounod.
SALYATOrj
SALVATORI, DOMENICO, born at Mo- ments, as La Rc'sun-ection, Dec. 3, 1876,
dena, Italy, April 5, 1748, died there, Oct. and again, as La valU'e de Josaphat, April
25, 1774. Church composer, pupil of Gigli, 7, 1882) Psalm cxiii., for soli, chorus,
;
and at the Conservatorio diSan Onofrio, and orchestra, 1877 Stabat Mater, Con- ;
Naples was recalled to Modena as second

; servatoire, 1875 Les bacchantes, instru-
;
maestro di cappella to the court. He com- mental scene 5 Italian melodies Songs
; ;
posed several grand masses with orchestra. and pianoforte music. FOtis, Supplement, —
— Fetis Mendel. ; ii. 479 Grove.
;
SALVAYRE, GERVAIS BERNARD, SALVI, MATTEO, born near Bergamo,

born at Toulouse, .-'j^-wji-
died at Rieti, Oct. 18, 1887.
Italy, in 1820,
June 24, 1847, still Dramatic composer, pupil of the Liceo
living, 1890. Dra- Musicale, Bergamo, where he was made
matic composer, pu- instructor of pianoforte at the age of eigh-
pil in Toulouse at teen. For four years he acted also as
the maitrise of the maestro di cappella, successively, at both
cathedral, then at theatres in Bergamo, and in 1842 went to
the Conservatoire Vienna to study under Simon Sechtcr.
on the pianoforte, Having brought out two operas in ]\Iilan,
violoncello, and in and temporarily been in Berlin with the
harmony. Ambroise prospect of a position as Knpellnieister, he
Thomas heard him settled in Vienna, where for several years
on one of his tours of inspection, and pro- he taught singing, and in 1854 began to
cured his admission to the Paris Conserva- win reputation as a conductor. In 1800-
toire, "where he studied the organ under 67 he was director of the Imperial Opera,
Benoist, and counterpoint and fugue under and in 1876 was called to Bergamo as
Thomas and Bazin. He took two minor director of the Liceo, to succeed Alessandro
prizes in 186G and 1867, the 2d prize for Nini. Works La prima donna, comic oji-
:
organ in 18G7, the first in 1868, the second era, Vienna, 1843 Lara, opera in three ;
grand prix de Rome in 1871, and the 1st acts, Milan, 1843 ; I Burgravi, opera, ib.,
in 1872 for his cantata Calypso. On his 1845 ; Caterina Howard, opera, IMilan, 1S46,
return from Rome in 1874, he produced a Vienna, 1847 ; Mass, and other church nui-
symphonic overture at the Concerts Popu- sic Symphonic compositions Ariettas, etc.
; ;
laires, and was engaged as chef de chant — Regli, Dizionario biog. Wurzbach. ;
at the popular opera of the Chatelet. He SAMARA, SPIRO, born in the Island of
is prominent among the composers of the Corfu, Greece, Nov. 29, 1861, still living,
younger French school, but is wanting in 1890. Dramatic composer, pupil in Athens
inspiration and has no fixed style. Legion of Enrico Stancampiano (a pupil of Merca-
of Honour, 1880. Works— Operas Le bra- : dante), then at the Paris Conservatoire of
vo. Theatre Lyrique, Paris, 1877 Richard ;
Lc'O Delibes. His orchestral compositions
m., St. Petersburg, 1883 Egmont, Opera ;
and songs soon brought him into repute,
Comique, Paris, 1886 La dame de Mon- ;
and on going to Milan he was commissioned
soreau. Opera, ib., 1888 Divertissement,
;
to write an opera. Works Flora : mirabilis,
ballet music for Grisar's Les amours du by Ferdinando

opera in three acts, text
diable, Theatre du Chatelet, Paris, 1874; Fontana, given at the Teatro Caroano, Mi-
Le fandango, ballet. Opera, ib., 1877. Le lan, May 16. 1886, and since at other Italian
Jugement dernier, sacred symphony, two theatres and in Corfu with great success ;
movements given at the Concerts du Cha- Mcdjo. opera, Teatro Costanzi. Rome. Dec.
telet, March 19, 1876 (entire, four move- 12, 1888. Ho is now (1890) at work on
295
;
SAMMARTIXI
another tliree act opera, to be entitled Lio- poser, member of the Accademia Filar-
uella, text also by Fontana. monica, lived alternately in Florence and
SA3IMARTINI (San Martini), GIOVAN- Bologna until 1848, when he went to Paris.
NI BATTISTA, boru in Milan about the end "Works Oscar e Malvina, Milan, 1816 :
;
of the 17th century, died after 1770. In- Valmiro e Zaida, Naples, 1821 La foresta ;
strumental composer, self-educated; studied d' Ostropol, ib., 1822. Several other operas
harmony and counterpoint from the works were given at Bologna, Florence, and Fer-
of the best masters. He was maestro di rara. — Fetis.
cappella of a convent church, and organist SAMSON, English oratorio in tln'ee acts,
of several churches in he found pa- text by Newburgh Hamilton, from Milton's
Milan ;
trons in General Pallavicini, the Governor "Samson Agonistes," music by Haudel,

of Milan, for whom his fifth symphony was first given at Covent Garden, London, Feb.
composed (1754) in the Count Harrach, 18, 1743.
; Handel began this oratorio
Governor of Austrian Lombardy, who intro- immediately after finishing the Messiah.
duced his music to Vienna and in Prince The autograph score, in Buckingham Pal-
;
Eszterhiizy and others, who eagerly sought ace, is dated at the end of the first act,
his works. He is noteworthy as one of the Sept. 29, 1741, at the end of the second
forerunners of Haydn in orchestral and act, Oct. 11, 1741, and at the end of the
chamber music. He is said to have written chorus, "Glorious hero," in the third act,
more than two thousand different works, Oct. 29, 1741. The air "Let the bright
including masses and other church music, Seraphim," and the chorus, " Let their ce-
symphonies, quartets, trios, concertos for lestial concerts," were added a year later,
violin, etc. His published works are 24: when the final date, Oct. 12, 1742, was affix-
:
s^-mphonies 12 trios for 2 violins and ed. Among the best numbers of this great
;
; —
bass Nocturnes for flute and violin, Fe- work are the overture, containing a min- :
tis; Mendel Rieraann. ; uet the choruses, "Fixed in His everlasting ;
SAMMARTINI, GIUSEPPE, born in Mi- seat," "O first created beam," and "Let
lan about the beginning of the 18th cen- their celestial concerts " the air, " Total ;
tury, died in London in 1740. Virtuoso eclipse, no sun, no moon," sung by Samson,
on the oboe, brother of the preceding, went which Handel never heard, after he had be-
in 1727 to Loudon, where he was first obo- come bhnd, without weeping and the air, ;
ist at the Italian opera, and later became " Let the bright Seraphim," composed for
chamber musician to the Prince of "Wales. and sung by Signora Avolio at the first per-
"Works 8 overtures 6 concerti grossi G formance of this work, accompanied by a
: ; ;
concertos for oboe 12 sonatas for 2 oboes trumpet obligato, written for and played
;
and bass 6 do. for flute. Fetis.

; —
by Valentine Snow, a virtuoso of his time.
SAMMARTINI, PIETRO, Italian com- Characters represented Israelites Sam- — :
poser of the 17th century lived in Flor- son (T.) Mauoah, Samson's father (B.)
; ;
ence as court musician to the Grandduke Slicah, friend to Samson (A.) an Israehte ;
of Tuscany. Works Motetti a voce sola officer, and chorus of Israelites. Philis-
:
(Florence, 1635) Salmi brevi a 4 voci con- tines Dalilah, Samson's wife (S.) Harapha,
; : ;
certati (Venice, 1644) Motetti a 2-5 voci a giant (B.)

; and chorus of Philistines, ;
con le litanie, etc. (ib., 1642) do. (ib., women, and priests of Dagon. At the orig-
;
1643) Salmi a otto voci concertati, con inal performance Samson was sung by Mr.
;
sacri ripieni (ib., 1643). Fetis. —

Beard Manoah, by Mr. Savage Delilah, ; ;
SAMPIERI, II marchese FR.\NCESCO, by Mrs. Clive and Micah by !Mrs. Cibber. ;
born at Bologna, about 1790, died in Paris, This work was first performed in Vienna,
November, 1863. Amateur dramatic com- revision by J. E. Mosel, Oct. 16, 1814 in ;
296
;
SAMSON
Berlin,May 5, 1819 in Leipsic, April 4, ; sen, at Weimar, Dec.
2, 1877. While Sam-
1830 in Paris in 1830
; revived by the ; son endeavouring to rouse the broken
is
Sacred Harmonic Society, London, Nov. courage of his soldiers, he is attacked by
14, 1838 first in Boston, by the Handel
; Abiraelech, satrap of Gaza, and invoking
and Haydn Society, Jan. 26, 1845 and by ; the God of Israel, kills bis enemy. Dalila
the Oratorio Society of New York in 1875. resolves upon revenge, and acting on the
Handel did not know which
It is said that advice of the High Priest of Dagon, ap-
of the two works he preferred, Samson or peals with her seductive grace to Samson,
the Messiah. The songs from this oratorio, who, affected by the whirling dance of the
and the overture, were first published by priestesses, half succumbs. In the next act,
Walsh (London, 1743) the full score first ; in the valley of Soreck, near her house,
by Randall, by Wright, and by Arnold, edi- DaUla, commanded by the High Priest to
tion by Dr. Rimbault for the Handel So- deliver Samson into the hands of the Philis-
ciety (London, 1852) and by the Hlindel- ; tines, tries to discover the secret of his
gesellschaft, Breitkopf &
Samson at last yields to her ca-
Hiirtel (Leipsic, strength.
1861). Other oratorios on this subject II resses and tears, and is next seen shorn of :
Sansone, by Giovanni Paolo Colonna, text his locks, while the Israelites rej^roach him
by G. Balbi, Bologna, 1677 Sansone ac- for having yielded to the love of a woman.
;
cecato da Filistri, text by Sandrelli, Venice, The next scene is in the temple of Dagon,
about 1700 and II Sansone, by Francesco where a feast is being celebrated. Wliile
;
Basilj, Naples, 1824. German Simson, by Dalila and the young Philistine maidens :
Georg von Pasterwitz, about 1770 by Jo- are dancing, Samson is led in by a child. ;
hann Heinrich Rolle, about 1790 and by The High Priest pours poison into a cup, ;
Franz Turzek, Vienna, 1804. French : which Dalila offers to Samson. He refuses
Samson, by Lefroid de Mereaux, Paris, it and, praying to the God of Israel to scud
April, 1774, Operas German Simson, — : him his former strength, clasps the pillars,
by Christoph Graupner, text by Feind, and the temple falls into ruins amid the
Hamburg, 1700 by WenzelMiiller, Prague,
;
cries of the frenzied crowd. The music is
about 1808 and by Joachim Raff, not rep-
;
written in the modern style and according
resented. French Samson, by Rameau, :
to modern theories. The original cast was :
text by Voltaire, represented privately,

Samson M. Ferenczy.
Paris, 1730, music afterwards arranged for
Dalila :Mlle von Miillcr.
Zoroastre by Duprez, text by Dumas and
;
High Priest M. 3IilU'.
Duprez, Paris, Oct. 1, 1857 and Samson ;
et Dalila by Saint-Saens, Weimar, Dec. 2, The opera was given in Brussels under the
1877 and a Spanish drama, Sanson, in
; direction of the composer, April 6, 1878.
three acts, with music, by Cepeda, about Full score published by Durand, Schoene-
1875.— Rockstro, Handel, 264 Schoelcher, ; werk & Cie (Paris, 1878). Danso dcs
do., 278 Maitland, do., 115 Allgem. mus.
; ; prctresses de Dagon, arranged for the piano-
Zeitg., xvi. 790, 827 xviii. 645, 655 xxi.
; ; forte by the composer and Keininis-
(ib.) ;
397 xxii. 242

; xxiv. 719 ;(1865), 170 ;
cences for by H. Cramer
the pianoforte
Ciicilia, xii. 155; Neue Zeitschr., x. 110; (ib.). —
Clement et Larousse, 943 Signalo ;
Athcmcum (1859), 326 (1876), i. 401; (1879), ;

(1877), 1089 Mus. AVochenblatt (1877),
;
i. 130 Upton, Standard Oratorios, 132.

; 703, 721.
SAMSON ET DALILA, French opera- SAMUEL, ADOLl^HE, born in Liego,
biblique in three acts, text by Ferdinand July 11, 1824, Composer,
still living, 1890.
Lemaire, music by Saint-Sa('ns, first repre- pupil on the ])iaii()f(>rte, at the Liege Con-
sented under the direction of Eduard Las- servatoire, of M. E. Soubre made his first;
207
;;
SANCHEZ
public appearance in 1833 at the concert of SANCHEZ-GABANACH, FRANCISCO
the Socic'tu d'fimulation. In 1838 he went PAULA, born at Barcelona, Feb. 6, DE
to live in Brussels, where, upon the advice 1845, still living, 1890. Dramatic com-
of Fetis, he studied harmony and composi- poser, pupil of Pedro Llorens and Rai-
tion at the Conservatoire, winning first mondi Gili in solfeggio and on the piano-
prizes in 1842, 1843, and 1844 and the ; forte,and of Gabriel Balart in comijosition.
grand prix in 1845. He then spent two Works Operas — Rahabba, given at Bar-
:
years in Italy and Germany, and studied celona, 1867 Giuseppe Le Ghironde.
; ;
under Mendelssohn in Leipsic. After his Requiem 5 overtures, one of which is in

;
return to Brussels, he brought out some memory of Meyerbeer. Fetis, Supplement, —

operas, taught music, and contributed ar- ii. 482.
ticles on music to sevei'al papers. In 18G0 SANCTIS, CESARE DE, born at Albano,
he was appointed professor of harmony at near Rome, in 1830, still living, 1890.
the Conservatoire, and in 18G5 founded Church composer, jûpil of Baini, and other
the concerts populaires, giving the best masters, in Rome, where he became maes-
works of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, and tro di cappella at Sta. Maria sopra Minerva,
Mendelssohn, until then never played in and of S. Giovanni de' Fiorentini, and in 1877
Brussels. The work of organizing annual professor of counterpoint at the Liceo Mu-
musical festivals was put in his charge by sicale. In the meanwhile he had also con-
the government the first of these, given
; ducted theatre orchestras in Rome, Verona,
on a grand scale, took place in Brussels, and other cities. Works Requiem for :
18G9, with an orchestra of 450 performers, King Charles Albert, Turin, 1872 Masses, ;
1,200 persons in the chorus, and with sev- fugues, canons ; Concert overture ; Trattato
eral prominent singers. In 1871 he be- d' armonia. — Riemann.
came director of the Conservatoire at Ghent, SANDERSON, JAMES, born at Work-
which has since reached a high standard of ington, Cumberland, England, in 1769, died
excellence. Order of Leopold, 1860 offi- ; in London in 1841. Violinist, self-taught
cer, 1869. Elected member of the Koyal leader of theatre orchestra at Newcastle-on-
Academy of Belgium, 1874. Works Op- — Tyne, 1787 afterwards music director at
;
eras n a reve, opt'ra-comique, 1845 Made-

: ; the Surrey Theatre, London. Works Mu- —
laine, do., Brussels, 1849 L'heure de la ;
sic to Dramas Harlequin in Ireland, 1792
:
;
retraite, do., 1852 Giovanni da Procida,

;
Blackbeard, 1798 Cora, 1799 Sir Francis ; ;
1848 Les deux prc-tendants, 1851 Music

; ; Drake, 1800 The Magic Pipe More than
; ;
to the drama Les gueux, by Potvin, 1864 ;

150 melodramas, burlettas, and pantomimes.
La vendetta, cantata, 1845 Cantate na- ; Collins's Ode to the Passions, 1789 Over- ;
tionale, 1859 Cantatas for other public

;
tures, violin music, and songs.
occasions Chorus for Racine's Esther,
;
SANDOMIR. See Ernelinde.
with orchestra 3 choruses without accom-
;
SANELLI, GUALTIERO, born in Parma,
paniment, and some church music 5 sym- ;
Italy, died there (?), Dec. 15, 1861. Dra-
phonies 2 concert overtures
; Roland a ; matic composer, was for a time music di-
Roncevaux, symphonic fragment Quartets ;
rector of the Italian theatre in Mexico, but
for string instruments ; Pianoforte music. shortly after 1842 returned to his native
He has also published, Cours d'accompagne- country. Works Operas La cantante, — :
ment pratique, et de basse chiffree (Brus- Milan, 1841 I due sergenti, Turin, 1842 ;
;
sels). His Patria Belgica, a work on Bel- Ermingarda, Milan, 1845 Luisa Strozzi, ;
gian music and musicians, appeared in a Leghorn, 1847 II fornaretto, Parma, 1851 ;
publication on national music. — Fetis ; do.. Tradita, Venice, 1852; Camoens, Turin, 1852;
Supplement, ii. 480 ; Riemann ; Mendel. Ottavia, Milan, 1854 ; Gennaro Annese.
298
;;;
SAN FILIPPO
SAN FILIPPO DI NERI, Italian oratorio 1827, still Hving, 1890. Pianist and singer,
in two parts, by Alessaudro Scarlatti, first first instructed by Mile Dufresue, then in
performed in Rome in 1718. It is written Paris pupil of Zimmerman and Bertini on
for four characters San Filippo, Faith, the pianoforte, and at Bordeaux of Colin in
:
Hope, and Charity, with accompaniment harmony and Arregui in siugiug. When
of violins, viola, violoncello, contra-bass, scarcely four years old, she played on the
and lute. A score of this work was owned pianoforte an air which she had heard in
by Fetis. the street, and at the age of seventeen de-
SANGERMANO, LUIGI, born at Arpino, veloped such extraordinary vocal faculties
Caserta, Oct. 14, 1816, still living, 1890. that, a few years later, Halc-\y ofi'ered to
Dramatic composer, pui)il in Rome of Fi- write a rule for her if she would consent to
lippo Marchetti, and in Naples of Mer- sing in opera. Works L'image, opera, :
cadante, Claudio Conti, and Raffaele de given privately, Paris, 1864 Grand trio for ;
Pantis. —
Works Operas Goretta, Milan, : pianoforte and strings Vocal melodies, and
;
18G9 Regina e favorita, Naples, 1871

; pianoforte pieces. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii.
Clelia Olgiato. Psalms, vespers, motets, 484.
etc.; Symphony; Quartets for strings, etc, SANT' ELENA AL CALVARIO (St. He-
—Fetis, Supplement, ii. 483. lena at Calvary), ItaUan sacred opera in two
SANGERS FLUCH, DES (The Min- parts, text by Metastasio, music by Caldara;
strel's Curse), ballad after Uhland, arranged represented in the imperial chapel, Vienna,
by Richard Pohl, music for solo, chorus, in Holy Week, 1731, Subject, the visit of
and orchestra by Robert Schumann, op. 139 Helena, mother of Constantine, to Jerusa-
(Posthumous Works, No. 4), first given at the lem in search of the holy sepulchre and
Gewandhaus, Leipsic, Feb. 23, 18G0. The the cross. Characters represented : Saut'
work contains fourteen numbers. Charac- Elena ; S. Macario, bishop of Jerus;ilem ;
ters represented Konigin (S.) Erziihlerin

: ; Draciliano, prefect of Judea ; Eudossia, a
(Narrator), Jungliug (Youth), (T.)
(C.) ; Roman, and Eustazio, a native of Palestine,
KiJnig (King), (B.) and Harfner (Harper). ; Christians.
The score, dedicated to Johannes Brahms, SANT' ELENA AL CALVARIO, ora-
was published by Arnold (Elberfeld, 1858). torio in two parts, text by Metastasio, music
— Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Schumann Werke, by Leo, written in 1733. It is considered
Serie ix.. Upton, Standard Cantatas, one of the composer's best works. Other
No. 12 ;
322. oratorios on Metastasio's text by Hassc, :
SANGERS FLUCH, DES, ballad for Dresden, 1746 by Tozzi, Madrid, 1790 ; ;
orchestra, by Hans von Biilow, op. 16. The and by Pasquale Anfossi, about 1790.
subject is Uhland's poem of the same title. SANTO SPIRITO CAV.y:.IERE. See
Pubhshed by Schlesinger (Berlin, 1860-67). Rienzi.
SANGSTER, WALTER HAY, born in SANTUCCI, :^L\JlCO, born at Camajoro,
London in 1835, still Organ- Tuscany, July 4, 1762, died in Lucca, in
living, 1890.
ist, pupil of E. J. Hopkins, and on the pi- 1843. Church composer, pupil of Fenaroli
anoforte, of W. Rea studied also in Ber- at the Conservatorio di Loreto, Naj)le.s, 1779-
;
lin, 1855. Organist, successively, of several 90 returned to Lucca, where he became ;
churches, last of St. Saviour's, Eastbourne. maestro di cappclla, and in 1794 was made
Mus. Bac, Oxford. Works The Lord is a priest.
: In 1797 he succeeded Anfossi as
my Light, cantata ; The Knight of Elle, do. maestro di cappella of S. Giovanni in Late-
Anthems, songs, organ and pianoforte music. rano, Rome, and in 1808 was made canon of
SANTA-COLOMA SOURGET, Mme the cathedral at Lucca. Works : 3 masses,
EUGENIE DE, born at Bordeaux, Feb. 8, with orchestra ; 2 Credo, do. ;
Paraphra.so
299
:
SAFER
of Stabat Mater, do. ; Do. of Dies irse, do. ;
meister to the Czar, and taught singing.
Beatus vir, do. ; Motet for 16 voices (4 Works —
Operas Rodrigo, Naples, 1823
:
;
choirs) ; Many other motets, psalms, etc. ;

L' audacia fortunata, opera bufifa, II Tamer-
4 symphonies for orchestra ; Sonatas, and Ian o, ib., 1824 ; II Gonzalvo, INIilan, about
versets for organ. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Kie- 1830. La fondazione di Partenope, can-
mann. tata, Naples, 1823 ; 2 masses ; motets, etc.
SAFER VORRESTE. See Ballo in Mas —Fetis.
chera. SAPPHIRE NECKLACE, THE, English
S.IPHIR, LE (The Sapphire), opera-co- opera, text by Chorley, music by Arthur
mique in three acts, text by de Leuven, The undramatic libretto prevent- Sullivan.
Michel Carre', and Hadot, music by Fulicien
ed the representation of the opera, but the
David, first represented at the Opera Co- overture, which is still in MS., has been fre-
mique, Paris, March 8, 1865. The libretto quently played at the Crystal Palace, Lon-
was suggested by Shakespeare's comedy, don, and elsewhere.
"All's well that ends well." Clement et —
SAPPHO, dramatic scene for soprano
Larousse, 604. solo and orchestra, by Friedrich Robert
SAPHO, opera in three acts, text by Volkmann, op. 49.
£mile Augier, music by Gounod, first rep- SARA LA BAIGNEUSE (Sara at the
resented at the Academic Nationale de Mu- Bath), orieutale by Victor Hugo, music by
sique, Paris,' April 16, 1851. This was Berlioz, op. 11, for four male voices, first
Gounod's first work for the stage. Scene performed in Paris, Nov. 6, 1834. It was
in Mytilene, reigns. afterwards arranged by the composer for
where Sappho, the poet,
The theme her hopeless love for Phaon, three choruses with orchestra, and for two
is
which causes her to throw herself in despair voices with pianoforte accompaniment.
fi-om the Leucadiau rock into the sea. Ori- The score was dedicated to M. Lecourt and
ginal cast published by Richault (Paris).
SARASATE (Y NAVASCUES), PABLO
Sapho Mme Viardot.
(MARTIN MELI-
Phaon M. Gueymard.
TON) DE, born at
Glycere Mile Poinsot.
Pampeluna, Sj)aiu,
Pytheas M. Bremoud.
March 10, 1844, still
Alcee M. Marie.
living, 1890. Virtuoso
Pretre M. Aymes.
on the violin, pupil at
The opera, reduced to two acts, was given the Paris Conserva-
at the same place, July 26, 1858. It was toire from 1856 of
first performed in London in Italian, as Alard, and in harmony
Saffo, at Covent Garden, Aug. 9, 1851, with of Reber. He won in
Mme Viardot, Castellan, Tamberlik, and 1857 first prizes in solfege and for violin,
Tamburini. It was revived under Gounod's and in 1859 a premier accessit. He soon
direction in Paris, April 2, 1884. Clement — gave up his studies in composition to enter
et Larousse, 604 Hauslick, Moderne Ojêr,
; upon a concert career, appearing first in
195 AtheuKum (1851), 436, 882.
; Paris, the French provinces, and Spain,
SAPIENZA, ANTONIO, born in Pe- where he was received with enthusiasm, and
St.
tersburg, June 18, 1794, died there (?). later visiting nearly every other country in
Dramatic composer, at first studied music Europe and North and South America. He
in his native city, then at Naples under l^layed in London first in 1874 and again in
Tritto, Zingarelli, and Generali in 1831 1877-78, and in 1885-86.
; He made a sec-
he returned to St. Petersburg as Kapell- ond visit to America in 1889 in company with
300
SAEMIENTO
Eugeu d' Albert, aud played in New York and In 1867 his band won the victoiy in the
other cities with great success. His reper- musical contest of the European military
tory counorises the concertos of Beethoven, bands at the Exposition in Paris, and
Spohr, Mendelssohn, and Viotti, the works in 1872 he was called to Boston to parti-
of the modern French and Belgian schools, cipate in the Peace Jubilee, winning the
and his own compositions, which display gold medal. He has the title of royal mu-
great technical wrote sic director. Works
skill. Max Bruch
Die beidcn Berg- :
for him and the Scotch knappen, opera Concert overtures Sym-
his second concerto ;
;
fantasy, Lalo his concertos and the symphony Quartet for strings Many marches, ; ;
phonie espagnole, and Alexander Campbell and other compositions for military band.
Mackenzie a concerto played at the Birming- Mendel, Ergiinz., 412 Riemaun. — ;
ham Festival of 1885, Works : Confidence, SARRI, DOMENICO, born at Terni,

romance, op. 7 ; Souvenir de Domont, Naples, in 1678, died at Naples (?) after
waltz, op. 8 ; Le sommeil,
Mosco- 1741. op. 11
Dramatic composer, pupil at the ;
vienne, op. 12 Mosaique sur Zampa, op. Conservatorio della Pietii, Naples. He left
;
15 Priere et berceuse, op. 17

; Zigeuner- that institution in 1697, and was vice maes-
;
weisen for violin and orchestra, op. 20 tro di cappella of the Royal Chapel in ;
Spanische Tiinze, violin and pianoforte, six 1706, maestro in 1713, and as late as 1741.
books, op. 26 Serenade andalouse, violin Works
; Operas Le gare generose fra — :
and i)ianoforte, op. 28 Fantasias on Don Cesare e Pompeo, Naples, 1706 Caudaule,
; ;
Giovanni, Faust, Carmen, etc., and on re di Lidia, ib., 1706 H comando non in- ;
Spanish, Bohemian, Scottish, and other teso ed ubbidito, I gemelli rivali, ib., 1713 ;
airs. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 483 Mendel, Ai'sace, La fede ne' tradimenti, ib., 1718;
;
Ergiinz., 412 Grove. ; Alessandro Severo, ib., 1719 Ginevra di ;
SARMIENTO, SALVATORE, born, of Scozia, ib., 1720 Partenope, ib., 1722 ; ;
Spanish parentage, at Palermo, in 1817, Didone abbandonata, ib,, 1724 Siroe, re ;
still living, 1890. Dramatic composer, pu- di Persia, Tito Sempronio Gracco, ib.,
pil at the Conservatorio, Naples, of Furno, 1725 Artemisia, ib., 1731 Berenice, ib., ; ;
Zingarelli, and Donizetti. He was in Paris 1732 Rosaura, ib., 1736 Achille in Sciro, ; ;
in 1852-53, and after his return to Nai:)les ib., 1737; Lucio Vero Vaklemaro. Ora- ;
was appointed in 1854 maestro di cajjpella torios L' opera di amore, sacred melo- :
to the king. Works —

Oj)eras Valeria, ossia drama, 1702 II fonte delle grazie, 1706
: ; ;
la cieca, Naples, 1838 Alfonso d' Aragona, L' andata di Gesti al Calvario, 1708 Ora-
; ;
ib., 1838 Rolla, Eloisa, ib., 1841

; II tra- torio for the feast of S. Gaetano, 1712 ; ;
monto del sole, ib., 1842 Costanza d' Ara- Ester reparatrice, 1734. II gran giorno di
;
gona, ib., 1843 Elmira, Parma, 1851 Guil- Arcadia, cantata, 1710
; 3 serenades for 3 ; ;
lery le trompette, Paris, 1852, Le tre ore and 4 voices Concerto for strings and ;
deir agonia, cantata Requiem Many Hute. Fetis; do.. Supplement, ii. 486 ; — ; ;
masses, and other sacred compositions. Mendel ; Schilling.

— Fetis ; do., Supplement, ii. 485. SARRIA, ENRICO, born in Naples, Feb.
SARO, J. HEINRICH, born at Jessen, 19, 1836, still living, 1890. Dramatic 0(nn-
Prussian Saxony, Jan. 4, 1827, still living, poser, pupil on the pianoforte of Riflacle
1890. Instrumental composer, pupil at Gentile Vitalo, and in harmony ami com-
Dammitscli of the town musician Seidel, position of Nicola Fornasini and Giuseppe
then in Berlin of Bohmer and Marx. In Stalfa. Works— Operas Carmosina, Na- :
185G he became Kapellmeister of the 11th ples, 1853 Donna !\Ianucla, ib.. 1850 Es- ;
;
regiment at Breslau, and in 1859 of the tella, ib., 1858 Babln'o v Y inlriganto. opera ;
Emperor Franz Guard regiment in Berlin. bulla, ib., 1872; (Juidelta. ib.. 1S75 La ;
801
;;
SARTI
campana dell' eremitaggio, ib., 1875 ; Gli passing on his way through Vienna, where
equivoci,comic oj)era, ib., 1878. — Fetis, theEmperor Joseph H. treated him with
Supplement, ii. 48G. marked respect, and where he met also Mo-
SARTI, GIUSEPPE, born at Faenza, zart, with whose playing he was delighted,
Dec. 1, 1729, died iu Berlin, July 28, 1802. but whose compositions he criticised se-
Di-amatic composer, son of a jeweller who verely, from his old-school point of view.
played the violin, and gave him early in- In St. Petersburg he soon brought the
struction on that instrument. He studied Italian Opera to an unprecedentedly fine
composition either under VaUotti in Padua, condition, and wrote several notable works
or Padre Martini in Bologna, perhaps under for the Empress's choir. After a while the
both. From 1748 to April, 1750, he was intrigues of the singer Todi brought him
organist at the Faenza Cathedral, and in into temporary disgrace but Prince Po- ;
1751 successfully produced his first opera temkin gave him a village in the Ukraine,
in that town. This was followed by other where he set up a singing school. In 1793
operas, allmore or less successful, until his he was reinstated at St. Petersburg, and
II re made in 1753 a furore in Ven-
pastore made director of the Conservatory iu Yeka-
ice. In the same year Frederik V., of Den- terinoslav, which Avas modelled after the
mark, invited him to Copenhagen to be Italian plan. After the death of his patron-
Capelmester and singing - teacher to the ess, Catherine H., and her son, Paul I., ill
Crown Prince, and director of the Italian health forced him in 1802 to return to Italy.
Opera on the closing of the Opera in
; Stopping for a while at Berlin, he became
1755, he was made HofcaiDclmester. In intimate with the Hofkapellmeister Noel
1765 he returned to Italy to engage singers Mussini, whose son soon married his daugh-
for the reopening of the Opera but the ; ter. After the wedding he was seized with
death of the king in 1766, and of his own gout, and died iu a few days. He was bur-
mother in 1767, delayed his return to ied in the Hedwigskirche. Sarti is notable
Denmark, and it wâs not until 1768, after as the last of the really great Italian contra-
producing five operas in Venice and else- puntists, except his own pupil Cherubini.
w'here, but hardly with his former success, His choral works are models of beauty and
that he was once more in Copenhagen. He perfection of style, and show the completest
was high in favor with Christian VH., and mastery over all technical difficulties. Very
protected by Struensee and Queen Caroline few of his works have been published, and
Mathilde. In 1770 he was apiôinted di- all, except his masses, have passed into un-
rector of the Court Theatre, but after the merited oblivion.
political changes of 1772 he fell into dis- Works. L Operas Pompeo : in Armenia,
favor with the dominant party at court, Faenza, 1751 ; 11 r^ pastore, Venice, Teatro
and on May 20, 1775, was dismissed and San Mose, 1753 Medonte, re d' Ejîro,
;
banished. He had married Camilla Pasi, Florence, 1753 Demofoonte, ib., 1753
;
with whom he returned to Italy, going to Olimpiade, ib., about 1755 Ciro ricono- ;
Venice, where he directed the Couserva- sciuto, Copenhagen, 1756 La figlia ricu- ;
torio deir Ospedaletto until 1779, when perata, 2 acts, ib., 1757 La giardiniera ;
he was successful in a competition held brillante, ib., 1758 Mitridate, Parma,

;
before the Naples Conservatorio for the 1765 ;Vologeso, ib., 1765 Nitteti, ib., ;
vacant post of maestro di cappella at the 1765 fyermnestra, Eome, 1766 I contrat-
; ;
Milan cathedral. During this period of tempi, Venice, 1767 Didone abbandonata,
;
his life many of his greatest works were ib., 1767 ;Semiramide ricouosciuta, ib.,
written. In 1781 he accepted the invitation 1768 ;I pretendenti delusi, ib., 1768 II ;
of Catherine H. of Eussia to St. Petersburg, calzolajo di Strasburgo, Modena, 1769
302
SAETOIIIO
Cleomene, ib., 1770 Soliman den Auden, ; sounds, and he fixed 43G vibrations for the
Copenhagen, 1770 Tronfolget i Sidon, ib., ; A as the correct pitch for his orchestra.
1771 ; La demenza di Tito, Padua, 1771 ;
—P. Scudo, Le chevalier Sarti (Revue des
La contadina f edele, ib., 1771 I finti eredi, ; deux moudes), published
by Hachette
ib., 1773 Aglao, Copenhagen, 1774
; Le ; (Paris, 1857) Grove Mendel.
; Fc'tis ; ;
gelosie villane, ossia la notte oscura, Ven- SARTORIO, .VNTONIO, born in Venice
ice, 1776 Farnace, ib., 177G L' avaro, ib.,
; ; about 1G20, died there in 1081. Dramatic
1777 Epponina, Turin, 1777, and, as Gi-
; composer, at first in service of the Duke of
ulio Sabino, Venice, 1781 Ifigenia in Au- ; Brunswick, and in 1G7G became vice maes-
lide, Venice, 1777 II militare bizzarro, ; tro di cappella at S. Marco, in his native city.
Turin, 1778 Gli amanti consolati, ib.,
; Works — Ojieras : Erginda, Venice, 1G52 ;
1779 F7-a i due Htiganti il terzo gode, ib.,

;
Gli amori infruttuosi di Pirro, ib., IGGl H ;
1780 Scipione, Venice, 1780

; Achille in ; Seleuco, ib.,16GG ; La prosperitu di Elio Se-
Sciro, Florence, 1781 L' incognito, Bo- ; jano, La caduta ib., 1GG7
di Elio Sejano, ;
logna, 1781 Alessandro e Timoteo, Venice,

; Erminda, regina Longobardi, ib., UuO
de' ;
1782; Le nozze di Dorina, ib., 1782, and Adelaide, Orfeo, 1G72 Mesenzio, ib., 1G73 ; ;
Paris, Sept. 14, 1789 Siroe, Turin, 1783 ; ;

Antonino e Pompejano, ib., 1G77 Ercole ;
Idalide, Milan, 1783 II trionfo della pace, ; sul Termodonte, Anacreonte tiranno, ib,,
Mantua, 1783 Armida e Riualdo, St. ; 1G78 I due tiranni al soglio, ib., 1679 ;
;
Petersburg, 1785 Olega (in Russian), ib. ? ; Flora, ib., 1G81. Salmi a otto voci in due
Theodulo and his sons (do.), ib., about cori, etc. (Venice, 1680). — Ft-tis.
1790; The fame of the North (do.), ib., SATANELLA, or the Power of Love,
1794 Les Indieus a I'anglaise, ib., 1794.
;
English opera in four acts, text by Harris
n. Church music Te Deum, in which : and Falconer, music by Balfe, first repre-
the composer employed fireworks and a dis- sented at Covent Garden, London, Dec. 20,
charge of cannon to heighten the martial 1858. The libretto is a version of "Le
effect, published with Russian words (St. diable boiteux." Characters represented :
Petersburg) 4 masses for four voices with

; Miss Louisa Pyne Count Ru- Satanella, ;
orchestra, one of which was performed in pert, Mr. Harrison Ai'imanes, Mr. Weiss ; ;
the Milan cathedral at Easter, 1880 (MSS. Stella, Miss Susan Pyne Lelia, Miss Re- ;
in Milan) Cum sancto,;for eight voices becca Isaacs Hortensius, Mr. G. Honey ;
; ;
Kyrie Hymn for two soprani, contralto, Karl, Ml". St. Alban Vizier, :Mr. AV. H.
;
;
two tenors, and bass Credo for four voices Payne, and Bracachio, Mr. H. Corri. Athe-
;
—
with instruments (MS. in the Conservatorio, n.-eum (1858), ii. 843.
Naples) Miserere, for four voices, three
;
SATTER, GUSTAV, born in Vieinm,
violas, and violoncello Many hymns An- Feb. 12, 1832, still living, 1890. Pianist,
; ;
thems, psalms, and motets for 4, G, 8, and son of a physician, who sent him to Paris
12 voices. to study medicine but he devoted his ;
ni. Six sonatas for pianoforte solo. An time to music and studied the pianoforte,
allegro of one of these sonatas is in Pauer's and at last ran away to America to follow
" Alte Meister " a rondo for mezzo so- his chosen profession. Ho travelled through
;
prano in Gevaiirt's "Gloires d'ltalie" and the United States and Brazil, where he was
;
1854-
a cavatina, " Giulio Sabino," in tlie " Gemmc well received as a concert i)layer in
d' Antichita. Sarti wrote a criticism on two 60. On liis return to Paris in 1S62, lie was
passages in Mozart's string quartets, under warmly commended by Berlioz, and subse-
Vienna,
the title, "Esame acustico fatto sopra due quently won much applause in
he temporarily, then in Dres-
frammenti di Mozart." He invented also an where lived
tours
instrument for counting the vibrations of den and Hanover, and after coucert
308
; :
SATTLER
through the northern part of Europe, finally the chorus, " O fatal day." The overture, or
settled at Stockholm. Works Olanthe, op- sinfonia, with organ ad libitum, is the long-
:
era. Overtures Lorelei Julius C?esar : ; ; est of all of Handel's introductions. It is
An die Freude. 2 symphonies Washing- ; in four movements : I. Allegro ; H. Lar-

ton, symphonic tone-painting Quartets for ;
ghetto with organ solo ; III. Allegro ; TV.
pianoforte and strings Trios Many piano- ; ; Andante larghetto. Minuet. The first act
forte pieces Songs. Fetis, Supplement,
; — describes the exultation of the Israelites
ii.488 Riemann Hanslick, Concertwesen at their victory over the Philistines the
; ; ;
in Wien, ii. 301 Wurzbach. second a story of the passions the envy
; —
SATTLER, JOHANN HEINRICH FER- of Saul, the love of Michal, the friendship of
DINAND, born at Quedlinburg, April 3, David and Jonathan, and the constancy of
1811, still Organist, pupil of the latter.
living, 1890. The third act contains the in-
F. W. Liebau was organist at Blanken- cantations of the Witch of Endor, the appa-
;
burg in the Hartz in 1838-61, and since rition of Samuel, the Dead March, or dirge,
then instructor in a seminar}' in Olden- and David's lament over Saul and Jonathan.
burg. Works Die Sachsentaufe, oratorio At first Handel intended to combine the
:
;
Masses, psalms, cantatas Motets for male Funeral Anthem of Queen Caroline (Dec.
;
voices Organ and pianoforte music Songs

; 12, 1737) with the elegy on Saul and Jona-
;
Methods for organ, pianoforte, violin, and than, and wrote out the words for it, which
choral singing Choralbuch Treatise on are preserved between fragments of recita-
; ;
—
harmony. Mendel, Ergiinz, 413. tive in the original MS. The organ is an
SATURNALES, LES (The Saturnalia), important instrument in this work, although
opera-bouffe in three acts, textby Albin many of the brilliant passages given to it in
Yalabregue, music by Louis Lacombe, first Arnold's score are assigned to the oboe in
represented at the Theatre des Nouveau- the autograph. Characters represented
tes, Paris, Sept. 26, 1887. Myrrha, the Saul Jonathan (T.), David (A.), Abner
(B.),
daughter of Barbinus, a Roman patrician, (T.), Merab (S.), Michal (S.), Doeg (B.),
is betrothed to Bomilcar, a Carthaginian Witch of Endor (T.), Apparition of Samuel
nobleman, but loves and is loved by Mar- (B.), an Amalekite (T.), Abiathar (B.), High
cus Livius, secretary of the circus. During Priest (T.), and chorus. Mr. Beard, Mrs.
the feast of the Saturnalia, Rosa, Barbinus's Arne, Siguora Frasi, and SignoraAvolio sang
chief cook, takes the place of her mistress in this work at different times. Its second
and runs off with Bomilcar, leaving Myrrha performance took place Jan. 22, 1739, when
free to marry Marcus Livius. Mile Jeanne it was given with "several new concertos
Granier, Mile Debiege, and Albert Brasseur on the organ." Saul was first given in
appeared in the original cast. DnbHn, May 25, 1742, first in Germany at
SAUL, oratorio in three acts, by Handel, Halle, Jan. 23, 1820 ; by the Singakademie,
first given at the King's Theatre, London, Berlin, in 1833, three choruses in Vienna
Jan. 16, 1739. The author and it was revived by the Sacred
of the text is in 1834,
unknown, though it is supposed to have Harmonic Society, London, in 1840, re-
been written by Charles Jennens, Thomas maining one of the standard works of its
Morell, or Newburgh Hamilton. This, Han- repertory. The Dead March in C, which is
del's first great oratorio, was composed in universally known, was twice played at the
two months and four days. The auto- Handel Commemoration with the overture
graph score, in Buckingham Palace, is on May 26, and with the chorus, " Gird on
dated July 23, 1738, at the beginning of the thy sword," on June 3, 1784. Saul was first
first chorus Aug. 8, 1738, at the end of the published by Wood (London, 1739) the
; ;
second act and Sept. 27, 1738, at the end of songs and airs by Walsh (ib., 1739), and
;
304
:
SAUL
editions by Ai'iiold fiud RuudalL Piauo- Italy, in Vienna, and London, wbere be
forte score by J. F. Naue (Hofmeister, Leip- made bis first appearance at Alfred IÎollon's
sic, 1825). Cbrysauder's edition for tbe concerts, Covent Gar-
Hiindelgesellscbaft was publisbed by Breit- den, in 1800. In 1872
kopf & Hartel (Leipsic, 18G2) also edition ; be visited tbe United
by Novello (London). Rockstro, Handel, — States witb Strakoscb,
215 Chrysander, Hiindcl, iii. 19-59 Mait-
; ; and again in 1874-70.
land, Handel, 104: Allgeni. mus. Zeitg., xxii.
; In tbe latter year be
189, 537, 553 xxv. 490, 8G7
; Berliner mus. ; played in Leipsic at
Zeitg., ii. 407 Bitter, Gescbicbte des Orato-
; tbe Gewandbaus, tben
riums, 250-297 Jabrbiicber fiir mus. Wis-
; returned to America, '
senscbaft, i. 408 Grove Upton, Standard

; ; and in 1877 made
Oratorios, 125. a successful tour
SAUL, by Moritz Hart- tbrougb Austria and
oratorio, text
mann, music by Ferdinand Hillcr, first German}-. He visited Holland and reap-
given at tbe Niederrbeiniscbe Musikfeste, pearcd in England in 1880, at tbe Crvs-
under tbe composer's direction, Cologne, tal Palace and tbe Pbilbarmonic. In 1880
1858. Publisbed by Kistner (Leipsic, 1858). -81 be was instructor of tbe violin at Kul-
Otber oratoi'ios on tbis subject, in Italian lak's Academy, Berlin. Works: Concerto :
L' ultima persecuzione di Saulle contra for violin and orcbestra, in G minor, op.
Davidde, by Francesco Peli, Modena, 1708 20 Ballade, legeude, and serenade in G, ; ;
Saulle, by Lauro Rossi, Rome, 1833 by for solo violin and orcbestra Caprice do
; ;
Zingarelli, ib., 1833. In German : Saul, concert in D

Scberzo fantastiipie Valse
; ;
oder die Gewalt der IMusik, dramatic can- caprice ; BarcaroUe-masurka Fantasia on ;
tata by Jobann Heiuricb Rolle, about 1780 ;

Spanisb airs, op. 27 ; Pensc'es fugitives, op.
biblical melodrama, by Ignaz von Seyfried, 29 ; Romance and tarentelle, op. 31 ; Tran-
text from Caigniez, Vienna, April 7, 1810 ;
scriptionsfrom Meiidelssobn, Rubinstein,
and Saul, a pasticcio by Kalkbrenner and —
Wagner, etc. Grove Riemanu. ;
Lacbnitb from Haydn, Mozart, Cimarosa, SAUZAY, (CHARLES) EUCilCNE, born

and Paisiello, text by Desprcs, Descbamps, in Paris, July 14, 1809, still living, 1890. Vio-
and Morel, Paris, April 7, 1803. Operas, in linist, first instructed by Vidal, tben pupil
Italian: Saulle, by Vaccaj, Naples, Marcb at tbe Conservatoire (1S24) of Gm'rin, Bail-
11, 1829by Carolina Uccelli, text by tbe
; lot, and Reicba won tbe second violin prize
;
composer, Florence, June 21, 1830 by Vin- ; in 1825 and tbe first in 1827, wben be took
cenzo Colla, Trieste, Dec. 9, 1830 by An- ; also tbe second prize for fugue. A few
tonio Buzzi, text by Giuliani, Ferrara, May years later be joined Baillot's (piartet, first
31, 1843 by Giovanni Andrea Speranza,
; as second violin, tben as viola, replacing
Florence, April, 1844 by Francesco Car- ;
Vidal and Urban. He man'ied Baillot's
netti, text by Pulle, Milan, Oct. 7, 1845 by ;
daugbter, and remained a member of tbe
Nicola Coccon, Spello, Marcb, 1884 and ;
quartet till its dissolution in 1840. Ho was
Saul, Kiniig in Israel, German opera by von first violin to Louis Philippe, and leader of
Miltitz, Dresden, 1833. —

Neue Zeitscbr. second violins to Napoleon III. In 1800
(1858), 256. be succeeded Girard as professor at the
SAURET, T^:MILE, born at Dun-le-Roi Conservatoire. Legion of Honour. Works

(Cber), France, May 22, 1852, still living. Incidental music to Moliere's "Georges
1890. Virtuoso on tbe violin, pupil of de Dandin," and " Le Sicilien;" Fantasias on
Beriot. He began to travel at an early age, opera airs ; 31any pieces for violin and i)i-
Symphonic rustiipie for piano-

playiug in tbe principal cities of France and anoforto . ;
;:
SAYETTA
forte (4 liauds) ; Trio for pianoforte aud the military band of the Teatro San Carlo.
strings ;
pour violon
l^tiules liarniouiques Works Un maestro di musica ed un poeta, ;
:
Songs. He Haydn, Mo- opera bulla, Naples, 1857

also published : Cristianella ;
zart, Beethoven, etude sur le quatuor (Paris, (with other composers), ib. Mass for 3 ;
18G1) L'ecole de raccompagnement (ib., voices, with orchestra

;
do., with military ;
1SG9).— Ft'tis do.. Supplement, ii. 489 baud

;
3 Tantum ergo 2 Stabat Mater ;
; ; ;
Iviemann Mendel. ;
Hymns and other church music 3 over- ;
SAVETTA, ANTONIO, born at Lodi, tures for orchestra 4 funeral marches for ;
Italy, end of the 16th century. Church military band G marches for do. Many ; ;
composer, maestro di cappella of the church quicksteps, dance music, etc., for do. Mel- ;
della Incoronata in his native city. Works ody for horn, with orchestra. Fetis, Sup- —
Madrigali a 5-8 voci, etc. (Venice, IGIO) plement, ii. 490.
Messe a voci (ib., IGIG) Salmi (ib., 1G20) ; SAVONAROLA, English opera in three
Mesae e salmi (ib. 1G38) Messe a 4-8 voci acts, with a prologue, text by Gilbert a
;
Messe e salmi a 9 voci (ib., 1G39) Messe Beckett, music by Charles Villiers Stanford,
;
coucertate a 8 voci (ib., 1G39) ; Salmi a 5 first represented at the Stadttheater, Ham-
voci ; Litanie ed antifone a 8 voci (ib., burg, April 18, 1884. The drama, which
1641) ; aiotetti a 16 e a 24 voci.— Fetis ;
Avas givenwith a German translation by
Mendel. Ernest Frank, is largely founded ou his-
SAVEZ-YOUS QU'EN JOIGNANT VOS torical facts, chiefly from Villari's life of
INLAINS. See Iluguenols. The action takes place iu Fer- Savonarola.
SAVJ, ALFONSO, born at Parma, Italy, rara in 1475. The opera was well received
Dec. 21, 1773, died (?). Violoncellist, pupil aud met with a genuine success, being given
of Gasparo Ghiretti ; in 1812 he was ac- four times. It was given in London, at
companist at the theatre of Parma. Works : Covent Garden, July 9, 1884. Athenaeum —
Several opere butfe, given at Parma Masses, ; (1884), i. 544.
vespers, psalms, and other church music ;
SAWERTHAL. See Zaverlhal
Symphonies Quartets, trios, aud duos for
;
SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA. See Ernst H.
strings. —
Fetis Mendel. ; SBORGI, GIUSEPPE MARIA, born at
SAVJ, LUIGI, born in Florence, Italy, Florence, March 30, 1814, still living, 1890.
early in the 19th century, died there, Jan. Dramatic composer, son of Gaetauo Sborgi
4, 1842. Dramatic composer, known by (boru 1769, still living, 1821, professor of
tlie following operas II Cid, Parma, 1834 :
;
siuging and pianoforte) ;
pupil of Palafuti
Caterina di Cleves, Florence, 1838 Adel- ; on the pianoforte, of Gaetano Giorgetti on
sou e Salviua, ib., 1839 L' avaro, ossia un ; the violoncello, and of Picchiauti in com-
episodio di San Michele, Florence, 1840. position. He Avas first violoncello of the
He published also a collection of 12 duos orchestra at the Teatro della Pergola, for
aud a caprice for violin and bass, and do. forty years, and also a member of the cham-
of 3 duos for do. —Fetis. ber music and chapel of Graudduke Leo-
SAVOJA, PAOLO, born at Gcracc, near pold H. Works •
— Operas : Demofoonte,
Reggio Aug. 17, 1820, still liv-
di Calabria, Florence, 1836 ; II giorno uatalizio, 1837 ;
ing, 1890. Church composer, pupil of llug- Ippolita degli Azzi, Ai'ezzo, 1838 ; II tesoro,
gi, Donizetti, and Mercadante, at the Conser- Florence, about 1850. Coucerto for violon-
vatorio, Naples he became baud-master of
; cello ; do. for do. and pianoforte, —Fetis,
the 3d Swiss regiment, then of the royal Supplement, ii. 491.
guard at Naples. After the dissolution of SCACCHI, MARCO, born in Rome about
the Neapolitan army in 1859, he devoted the end of the 16th century, died atGallese,
himself to teaching, and is now director of near Viterbo, before 1685. Contrapuntist of
3U0
:; :;
SCALETTA
the Roman school, pupil of Felice Anerio 1575) ; IIsccondo libro dclle canzoni na-
kapelmajster to the King of Poland politane 1577)
(ib., Motets in collections
;
Warsaw in 1618-48, then lived retired of tlie time Passio et resurrectio Domini
;
Gallese. Works : Three books

of madrigals for 5 voices (Ven-
ice,
for
1634-37) Book of masses
;
4-6 voices (ib., 1638) 2

books of motets for 4-5 voices
;
J-
(ib., 1640) Cantilena quinque
;
2
vocibus et lacrimal sepulchrales
ad tumulum Johannis Stobaci (ib., 1647) nostri, etc. (1593, :M8. library at Grinmia)
; [
Missa omnium tonorum pro electiono Re- Christus vere languores, motet for 6 voices,
gis Poloniffi Casimiri, for 12 voices (1664, }
etc. — Ai-chiv fur silchsische Geschichte
MS. royal library, Berlin). He published (Leipsic, 1866) ; Fetis ; Mendel.
j
Cribrum musicum ad triticum Syfertinum ! SCANDINAVIAN SYMPHONY, in G

(Venice, 1643), psalms of
criticising the minor, by Frederic H. Cowen, first per-
Paul Syfert, organist at Dantzic also Breve ;
|
formed at the Crystal Palace, London, Dec.
discorso sopra la musica moderna (Warsaw, 18, 1880. It is the composer's third sym-
1647). — Fc'tis Gerber Mendel.
; ; i
phony, and conveys impressions of the
SCALETTA, ORAZIO, born at Crema, ! Northland. I. Allegro moderato ma con
Italy, second half of the 16th century, died moto ; IL Molto adagio III. Schei-zo ; :
at Padua, in 1630. Vocal composer, maes- Molto vivace quasi presto IV. Finale ;
tro di cappella of the cathedral at Salo, on Allegro ma non troppo. Allegro molto vi-
Lake Garda, then (1G07) in his native vace. Given in 1882 in Liverpool, Brighton,
city, later at Sta. Maria Maggiore in Ber- Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Paris,
gamo, and last at the basilica of S. Antonio Aix - la - Chapelle, and other continental
in Padua, where lie died of the plague. cities, and in Boston, Mass., by the Sym-
Works : Villanelle alia romana a 3 voci phony Orchestra, Jan. 27, 1883. Atlienaum —
(Venice, 1590) ; Madrigali a 6 voci Messa ; (1880), ii. 874 Upton, Standard Sympho-
;
breve de' morti a 4 voci. He published nies, 125.

Scala della musica (Verona, 1598, and many SCARLATTI, R Cavaliere ALESS.VNDRO,
later editions) ; Primo scalino della scala di born at Trapani,
contrappunto (Milan, 1622). Sicily, in 1659, died
SCANDELLI (Scandellus), ANTONIO, in Naples, Oct. 24,
born in Brescia, Italy, in 1517, died in 1725. Nothing
Dresden, Jan. 18, 1580. Virtuoso on the definite is known
cornet, was court musician in Dresden about his early life
before 1553, became Vize-Kapellmeister in and education. Tlie
1566, and Kapellmeister in 1568. Works stories that he stud- :
Epitaph on INIoritz, Elector of Saxony, with ied at Parma, and

a Requiem mass for 6 voices (Nuremberg, under Carissimi at
1558) II primo libro delle canzoni napoli- Rome, appear to be
;
tane (ib., 1566, 1572, 1583) Neuc teutschc without foundation.

;
Fetis conjectures that
geistliche Liedleiu (ib., 1568) Cantioncs he studied at l*alermo, and Villarosa states
;
germanicfc 4 et 5 vocum (ib., 1567, 1579) that he and his family moved to Naples,
;
Newe und lustige weltliche deutscho Lied- after he had already become famous as
leiu (ib., 1570, 1578, 1579) ; Nawe schuno and clavecin ist.
singer, harpist, The fii-st
ausserlesene geistliche dcutsche Liedcr(ib., authentic news we have of liim is that ho

:
SCARLATTI
was in Rome
1680 (six years after Caris-
in the technique of composition. As an orig-
simi's death), conducting an opera of his inal and progressive mind, he belongs
own, L' onesta nell' amore, at the palace of mainly to the history of the opera. He may
Christina, Queen of Sweden, This points be regarded as the founder of the Neapoli-
to the supposition that he must ah-eady tan school, and if the opera left off its swad-
have been well known as a composer. dling clothes under Monteverde and Cavalli,
Ci-amer's statement that he wrote an opera it entered upon its vigorous manhood under
for Munich in the same year, has been Scarlatti. To him we owe the establish-
abundantly disproved. In IGOI Scarlatti ment of three of the principal forms of
was maestro di cappella to the Viceroy of modern operatic music the recitativo secco,:
Naples. In 1703 he returned to Rome, the recitativo stromentato, and the aria.
where he was appointed on Dec. 31 assist- But, although Scarlatti's originality of
ant maestro di cappella to Antonio Foggia, genius shows itself most prominently in the
at Santa Maria Maggiore. Not long after opera in the way of establishing new
field of
this he became also private maestro di cap- musical forms, he was a complete master of
jiella to Cardinal Ottoboni, and in 1707 he every style of composition in vogue in his
succeeded Foggia as chief maestro at Santa day. He was one of the most prolific of
Maria Maggiore, but resigned in 1709 to composers, leaving at his death 115 operas
return to Naples, after having received the (of which 41 are still extant), over 200
order of the Golden Spur. How soon after masses, most of which have been lost, a
his return to Naples he was made maestro large amount of other church music, ora-
of the Royal Chapel is not known but he ; torios, madrigals, and secular cantatas. Of
certainly licld that post in 1717, as is proved his instrumental compositions but few have
by the title of a MS. pamphlet of his been preserved. He was buried in the St.
"Discorso di musica sopra un caso partico- Cecilia chapel of the church of Monte Carlo,
lare in arte, del Cav. Sig. Alessandro Scar- at Naples. His portrait, aftei' Solimena, is
latti,maestro della reale cappella di Napoli, in the " Biografia degli Uomini illustri del
1717 " (28 pp. folio, with 17 pp. of music). Regno di Napoli."
This pamphlet was written to settle a dis- Works. I. Operas Diana ed Endimione, :
puted point in harmony which two Spanish about 1675 L' onesta uell' amore, Rome,
;
musicians had referred to Scarlatti as arbi- 1680 Pompco, Naples, Jan. 30, 1681 La
; ;
trator. He taught successively at the con- Rosaura, about 1690 Non tutto il male ;
servatories of San Onofrio, de' Poveri di vien per nocere, Naples, about 1690 Teo- ;
Gesii Cristo, and the Loreto. Among

Rome, 1693 Odoacre (with Legrenzi),
his dora, ;
pupils were Logroscino, Hasse, Leo, Feo, Naples, Teatro San Bartolomeo, 1691 Pirro ;
Porpora, and others of less note, but not e Demetrio, Naples, 1697 II prigioniero ;
Pergolesi, as has been stated.

Avrongly fortunato, ib., 1698, and, as II p. superbo,
Scarlatti Avas without doubt the greatest 1699 ; Eraclea, 1700 Gli equivoci nel
ib., ;
composer of his da}'. Even if the story be sembiante, il)., 1700 Olitorio, ib., about
;
untrue that he was a puj)il of Carissimi, he 1700 Massimo Papirio, ib., about 1700
; ;
certainly was a follower of that great man, Le nozze col nemico, Rome, about 1700 ;
and continued his work of combining, as far Laodicea e Berenice, Naples, 1701 II fi- ;
as was possible, the principles of the great glio delle selve, ib., 1702 La caduta de' de-
;
Roman contrapuntal school (Palestrina, cemviri, ib., 1706 Mitridato Eupatore,

;
Nanini, etc.) with those of the Florentine Venice, 1707, and Reggio, 1713 II trionfo ;
Music-Reform (Caccini and Peri). He was della liberta, Venice, 1707 II Medo, ib., ;
equally noteworthy for the elevation of his 1708 II martirio di Santa Cecilia, opera
;
ideas and his consummate mastery over all seria, 3 acts, Rome, 1709 II Teodosio, 3 ;
308
SCARLATTI
acts, Naples, 1709 C'ii'o riconosciuto, Rome, ; violins, viola, and organ, op. 1 and op. 2
1712; Porsenua (with Lotti), Naples, Tea- (published by Roger, Amsterdam) ; Motets
tro San Bartolomeo, 1713 Scipione nelle ; for 4, 5, and 6 voices with organ (once in
Spagne, Naples, 1714 L' amor geueroso, ; the Abbate Santini's possession) ; Memento
ib., 1714 Armiuio, 1714 Tigraue, 3 acts,
; ; Doraine for four voices Psalm for four
;
Venice, 1715 Carlo, re d' Allemagna, Naples,

; voices after Palestrina ; Laudate, psalm for
171G ; La virtu trionfante ilell' odio e dell' soprano, contralto, and bass, with violins,
amore, ib., 171G ; II trionfo dell' ouore and organ Ave Regina co;loruni, for
viola, ;
(possibly identical with the foregoing), ib., two soprani with organ, composed for the
Teatro de' Fiorentini, 1718 Telemacco, 3 Church Santa ]\Iaria di Loreto Miserere, a ; ;
acts, Rome, 1718 Massimo Puppieno, cappella, composed for the pontifical choir
;
Naples, 1718 (?) Attilio Regolo, Rome, ; in 1(580.

1719 1\ Cambise, Naples, 1719 Tito Sem-
; ; IV. Secular music Madrigals for various
:
pronio Gracco (sic should be Tiberio S. ; voices, one for two soprani and two con-
G.), ib., 1720 Turno Aricino, Rome, 1720
; ;
tralti (in Padro Martini's " Escniplare di
La principessa fedele, Rome and Munich, contrai)punto fugato") ; Serenata for four
1721 Griselda, Rome, 1721
; Didone ab- ; voices for baptism of the Prince of
the
bandonata, ib., 1724 ; The date of perform- Sicily, Monte Cassiano, 1723 2 serenata-s ;
ance of the following is not known : La for five voices Madrigal for two voices
;
Merope ; L' Amazzone guerriera ; Amor vo- without instruments 14 duets for voices ;
lubile e tiranno. without instruments Many cantatjis for one;
II. Oratorios : I dolori di Maria sempre voice with basso continuo (eight volumes of
Vergiue, Rome, 1G93 ; R mcvifizio d' Abra- these in the Conservatoire, Paris) 2 books ;
mo, 1703 II marlirio di Santa Tco-

ib., ;
dosia, ib., 1705 (MS. in the National Library,

Paris) La concezzione della beata Vergine of toccatas for clavecin or organ (once in
; ;
La sposa de' sagri cantici, for four voices the Abbate Santini's collection) Several ;
with instruments, Naples, 1710 (MS. in pieces for the clavecin. Gennaro Grossi, —
the royal chapel, Naples) San FilipiDO del Biografia degli XJomini illustri del Regno di
;
Neri, Rome, 1718 La Vergine addolorata, Napoli, containing Scarlatti's portrait after
;
for four voices, Naples, 1722 Stabat Mater Solimena (Naples, 1809) Manpiis de Villa- ; ;
for soprano and alto with orchestra ; Stabat rosa, Memorie dei compositori di musica del
Mater for four voices, Rome, 1723 ; Passio regno di Napoli, 199 Fetis Grove Men- ; ; ;
Domini nostri Jesu Christi secundum Jo- del ; Riemann.

hannem, for contralto, chorus, violin, viola, SCARLATTI, D0:MENIC0 (or, accord-
and organ. ing to Quadrio, in his Storia.
III. Church music About 200 masses, : d' ogni poesia, vii. 249, Girolamo), born in
including mass for four voices, in canon Naples (?), 1G83 (according to some author-
form, with organ Mass for four voices in ;
ities, 1G85), died in Naples, 1757. Dra-
E Mass for five voices with orchestra in
;
matic composer, son of Alessandro Scarlatti
B minor (MS. in the archives of the royal He is said to have studied under Bernardo
chapel, Naples) Pastoral mass for ten ;
Pasquini, but this is improbable Pasquini ;
voices in two choruses, with violin and or- belonged to the Roman strict conlrapunl.'d
gan Mass for six voices with organ in E-
;
school that adhered to the Pale.strina tr.i.li-
flat ;Requiem mass for four voices and tions, and it is liardly likely that a distin-
organ Tu es Petrus, for eight voices in guished pupil of his should have made liis
;
two choruses, with organ Coiicerti sacri, first mark as an opera conqMiser at tlie age ;
motteti, for 1, 2, 3, and 4 voices, with two of nineteen or twenty. It is far

more prob-
80»
SCARLATTI
able that Domenico Scarlatti studied un- music teacher to the Princess of the Astu-
der bis father, and then under Gasparini in rias, who had been his pujnl in Lisbon.
Kome. In 1704: he He went back to Naples again in 1751:,
remodelled Polla- in straitened circumstances, owing to his
rolo's Irene for the passion for gambling. At his death his
stage at Naples family were left in almost absolute destitu-
;
tliis, apparently his tion, but were assisted to some extent by

first work, was fol- the singer Farinelli, who had been intimate
lowed by several with Scarlatti in Madrid. Domenico Scar-

original operas, latti may be considered as, to a certain
among which it is in- extent, the father of modern pianoforte
teresting to note Am- playing. How much he may have been in-
leto, as almost the fluenced by his great French contempo-
first musical setting of a libretto taken from rai-y, Couperin, is doubtful it ; is certain
Shakespeare's tragedy. But he was not des- that the two men never met, but it is hardly
tined long to follow the career of an opera likely that either of the two was wholly ig-
composer although some of his operas were norant of the other's works. But traces of
;
method are to be found in the

highly successful, his great reputation rests Scarlatti's
upon his mastery of the harpsichord, and harpsichord school of Bach, and almost all
his compositions for that instrument. In the great pianoforte schools derived there-
1708 he was in Venice together with Han- from, through Clementi, Mendelssohn, even
del, and seems to have accompanied him down to Liszt. His harpsichord pieces are
through Florence to Rome, where the two invariably short, and he did nothing toward
were almost inseparable until Handel's de- further developing the elements of the so-
parture. Scarlatti's reputation on the harp- nata form. His great merit, apart from
sichord must have begun pretty early, for the intrinsic beauty and solid style of his
during this visit of Handel to Rome, at writing, was that he knew how to develop a
which time Scarlatti was not over twenty- system of playing and a style of composi-
five, Cardinal Ottoboni pitted him against tion that were firmly based upon the pecu-
the great German as the best representa- liar character of the harpsichord. Indeed,
tive of harpsichord playing in Italy. The he holds prominent and important a posi-
as
result of the match was a draw, as far as tion in the history of harpsichord and pi-
the harpsichord was concei-ned, but Scar- anoforte music as his father does in that of
latti acknowledged Handel's supe-
readily the Art of Music itself.
riority on the organ, the treatment of which Works. I. Operas Irene (remodelled :
instrument had been little developed in version of Pollarolo's opera, Venice, 1G95),
Italy since the days of Frescobaldi, whereas Naples, 1704 ; Some airs in Porpora's Bere-
in Germany organ playing had made vast nice, Rome, 1710 ; La Silvia, ib., private
strides. In 1715 Scarlatti succeeded Baj theatre of Maria Kazimira, Queen Dowager
as maestro di cappella at St. Peter's, for of Poland, 1710 ; Orlando, ossia la gelosa
which choir he wrote considerable church pazzia, Rome, 1711 ; Tolomeo e Alessandro,
music. In 1719 he went to London, where ossia la corona disprezzata, ib., 1711; Te-
he renewed his close friendship with Han- tide in Sciro, ib., 1712 ; Ifigenia in Aulide,
del, and in 1721 to Lisbon, where he be- ib., 1713 ; Ifigenia in Tauride, ib., 1713 ;
came a great favourite at court, but grew Amor

un ombra e gelosia d' un aura, the-
d'
homesick eventually, and in 1725 returned atre of Maria Kazimira, 1714 Narciso, ;
to Naples. In 1729 he went to Spain, on Rome, 1714, and London, May 30, 1720 ;
invitation from the court, and was made Amleto, Rome, Teatro Capranica, 1715 ;
310
:
SCARLATTI
Ottavia restituita al trouo, about 1715 ;
1875. Full score and pianoforte arrange-
Giustino, about 1715. by Schott ment for four hands, published
n. Claveciu works Esercizi per gravi- (Mainz, 1875-79). :
cembalo, etc. (Venice, before Aug. 10, SCi:NES HONGROISES (Hungarian

1746) Pieces pour clavecin, etc., 2 vols. Scenes), second suite for orchestra, by Jules
;
(Paris, Mme Boiviu, before 1732) Collec- Massenet. I. Entree en forme de dause ;
;
tion of 200 pieces, edited by Czerny (Vi- H. Intermede HI. Adieux a la fiancee ;
;
enna, Hasliuger, 1839), and reedited by rV. Cortege, Benediction nuptiale. Sortie de
Mme Farrenc (Paris, Sauer, Girod, n. d.) I'eglise. The score, dedicated to Georges ;
42 Suites of Lessons (Loudon, Cooke, 1730 Bizet, was published by G. Hartmann

-37), this edition was printed under the su- (Paris). Full score and pianoforte arrange-
ment for four hands, published by Schott
pervision of Scarlatti's friend, Roseingrave,
and was the basis of the Czerny and Far- (Mainz, 1874-79). Arranged for the piano-
renc collections 130 Pieces in Farrenc's forte by Georges Bizet, and also by Renaud
;
Trt-sor des Pianistes (Paris, 18G4) ; 60 de Vilbac.

sonatas (Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel) ; 18 SCENES NAPOLITAINES, suite for or-
Pieces arranged in suites by von Billow (ib., chestra, by Jules ^Massenet, given at an
first
Peters).— Fetis ; Mendel ; Grove. open air concert in the Champs-Elysees,

SCARLATTI, GIUSEPPE, born in Na- Paris, in 1879, and the Chutelet and
at
ples, in 1712,Aug. 17, Cirque d'Hiver,
died in Vienna, on the same day,
Paris,
1777. Dramatic composer, grandson of Feb. 8, 1880. L La danse (tarenteUe) ;
Alessandro Scarlatti. Little is known of n. Le cortege ; HI. La fete.
his history,but the dates appended to his SCENES PITTORESQUES, fourth suite
operas show that he was in Venice and Na- d'orchestre, by Jules Massenet, first per-
ples before 1756, and that he went to Vi- formed at the Chatelet concert, Paris, Nov.
enna after that date. Works Pompeo in : 12, 1876. L Marche
IL Air de ballet ; ;
Armenia, Rome, 1747 Adriano in Siria, ; m. Angelus ; boheme. Full score

IV. Fete
Naples, 1752 Ezio, ib., 1754 Gli effetti
; ; and pianoforte arrangement for four hands,
della gran madre natura, Venice, 1754 ;
published by Schott (Mainz, 1876). Air de
Merope, Naples, 1755 De gustibus non ;
ballet, transcription for the violoncello and
est disputandum, Venice, 1756 Chi tutto ;

pianoforte (ib.).
abbraccia nulla stringe, ib., II mercato di SCENES THAT ARE BRIGHTEST.

Malmantile, Vienna, 1757 L' isola disabita- ;
See Mcnitana.
ta, ib., 1757 Issitile, La serva scaltra, ib.,
;
SCHACHNER, RUDOLF (JOSEPH),
1759 La clemenza di Tito, ib., 1760 La
; ;
born in Munich, Dec. 31, 1821, still living,
—
nioglie padrona, ib., 1768. Fetis Schil- ; 1890. Pianist, pupil of Frau von Flad and
ling Mendel Harmonicon (1827), 238.
; ; composition of Caspar of Cramer, and in
SCENEN A US DEM SOLDATEN- first in Vienna with Ett. He appeared
LEBEN (Scenes from Soldiers' Life), Fan- great success, in 1842, then in Paris, Leip-
tasiestiicke for orchestra, by Ferdinand sic, and Berlin went to London in 1853, ;
Hiller, op. 146. I. Rekruten II. Auf der and for many years was greatly esteemed
;
Wacht ; m. Einquartirt ; IV. Auf Pa- as a teacher of the pianoforte. Within a

trouille ; V. Bestattung. Published by few years he has settled in Vienna. "Works
Schott (Mainz, 1868-76). Israels Riickkehr von Babylon, oratorio ;
SCMES DRAMATIQUES APRILS 2 Conzertstiicke for pianoforte and orches-

SHAKESPEARE, fifth suite for orchestra, tra Lc regret ct nocturne, Salon-pieces
;
by Jules Massenet, first performed at the for pianoforte and horn Pianoforte music
;
Concert du Conservatoire, Paris, Jan. 10, and songs. — Mendel Riemauu.

;
311
;
SCHACK
SCHACK, BENEDIKT (Benes Cziak), studies Melodies with pianoforte. Fetis, ; —
Oorn at Mirowitz, Bohemia, in 1758, died in Supplement, ii. 493.
Muuicb, Dec. 11, 1826. Dramatic singer SCHAFFEK, AUGUST, born at llheins-
(tenor), and composer, pupil of Frieberth in berg, Aug. 25, 1814, died in Berlin, Aug.
Vienna, and in composition of Anton Laube 7, 1879. Dramatic con»poser, pupil of the
in Prague became Kapellmeister to Prince
;
chamber musician Breyer, then at Potsdam
Karolath in 1780, then sang on the stages of Koch on the violin, of Bottcher on the
of Prague, Salzburg, Vienna (1788), Gratz pianoforte, and of Schi'irtlich in theory
(1793), and Munich (179G), where he was finally, in Berlin, pupil of Mendelssohn
l)ensioned in 1805. In Salzburg he was and, on the organ, of Heiurich Birnbach.

on intimate terms with Michael Haydn and He is best known through his humorous
Leopold Mozart, and in Vienna with Josef songs and choruses for male voices. Works
Haydn and young Mozart. Works Ope- — — Operas Emma von Falkeustein, Berlin,
:
rettas and Singspiele Dor Luftballon, Die Hirtin von Piemont, ib., 1841
: 1839 ;
given at Salzburg Lorenz uud Suscheu, Eben recht, ib., 1847 Die schone Gasco-
; ;
ib. ;Das SchlaratYenland Don Quichote gnerin, ib., 1852 ; Jose Riccardo, oder der ; ;
Der Mundkoch Der Krautschneider Die

; Spauier in Portugal, Hanover, 1857 Junker ; ;
beiden Autone Die Wiener Zeitung. 3

; Habakuk, Berlin, 1861. Many songs, duets,
oratorios 2 funeral cantatas 6 masses
; and choruses. Fetis Ledebur, 494.
; ;
— ;
2 Requiems Graduals, and offertories

;
SCHAFFER, HEINRICH, born in Cas- ;
Songs. —Lipovsky, Bayerisches Mus. Lex. sel, Feb. 20, 1808, died in Hamburg, Nov.
(Munich, 1811) Wurzbach. ; 28, 1874. Dramatic singer (tenor), was en-
SCHAD, JOSEPH, born at Steinach, gaged and a great favourite at the theatres
Bavaria, March 6, 1812, died at Bordeaux, of IMagdeburg, Brunswick, and Hamburg.
France, July 4, 1879. Pianist, pupil of He retired from the stage in 1840, when he
Aloys Schniitt at Frankfort made a con- married, and devoted himself to composi-
;
cert tour in Germany and Switzerland, be- tion. Works Lob der Einigkeit, cantata, :
came organist and music director at Morges, Hamburg, 1838 Symphonies, quartets, ;
Canton de Vaud, in 1834, and later professor etc. Five- and six-part choruses for male ;
at the Conservatoire in Geneva. He settled voices. —Mendel.

at Bordeaux in 1847. Works Frantzia, bal-
: SCHAFFER, JULIUS, born at Krevese,
let, Bordeaux, 18G4 ; Many fantasias, con- near Osterburg, Altmark, Sej^jt. 28, 1823,
cert pieces, transcriptions, waltzes, noc- still living, 1890. He studied theology and
turns, etc., for i)ianoforte. Mendel. — Fetis
philosophy at Halle in 1844-47, but be-
;
SCHAEKEN, JEAN HUBERT, born at coming acquainted with Robert Franz,

Weert, Limburg, Ja7i. 2, 1832, still living, Gade, Schumann, and Mendelssohn, de-
1890. Organist, pupil, at the Brussels Con- termined to devote himself to music, and in
servatoire of Tilborgs in harmony, and of 1850 became the pujjil of Dehn in Berlin.
Fetis in counterpoint and fugue won the In 1855 he was appointed music director
;
first prizes in both departments, and set- at Schwerin, in 1860 succeeded Reinecke
tled at Amsterdam to teach. lu 1859 he as music director in the University, and

married a young singer, and two years after conductor of the Singakademie in Breslau,
went to Java, visited Batavia, and settled in 1861 was made royal music director, and
at Samarang, where he obtained a position in 1878 professor. He received the degree
as organist returned to Europe in 1868, of Doctor of Music from the University in
;
and settled at Brussels. Works Mass for 1872. Works Songs Choruses Songs
: : ; ;
3 voices and organ Te Deum O Salutaris ; without words for pianoforte.

; He pub- ;
24 pieces for organ 24 canticles 62 vocal lished Zwei Beurtheiler von Dr. R, Franz
; ; : ;
313
:
SCllAFFER
Fr. Chrysautlcr in seinen Klavierausziigen Symphonies for orchestra Concertos ; for
zur Handel-Ausgabe R. Franz pianoforte Trios and solos for various
cleutsclieii ; ; in-
in seinen Beaibeitungeu iiltererVokalwerke. struments Sonatas and polonaises for ; pi-
— Riemaun ; Mendel. anoforte ; 4 collections of preludes for
SCHAFFER, KARL FRIEDRICH LUD- organ.— Ft'-tis Mendel Schilling. ; ;
WIG, born at Oppeln, Prussian Silesia, SCHALL, CL.\US, born in Copenhagen

Sept. 12, 174G, died at Breslau, April 6, about 17G0, died there in 1834. Violinist,
1S17, Amateur pianist, and composer, appeared in concerts in Ciermany, France,
studied law at Halle and Leipsic, and after and Italy, then became Conccrtmester in the
living a short time at Frankfort, settled atroyal orchestra at Copenhagen. Works
Breslau as a lawyer and notary. Works L'idole de Ceylan, ballet, Copenhagen, :
Walmir und Gertraud, oiDcra, Pleiss, An- 1789; Siegfried, do., ib., 1802; Le cha-
halt-Kutben, 1798 Der Orkan, ib., 1805. noine de Milan, opera 5 concertos for vio-
; ;
Requiem for 2 clioruses, and orchestra G lin Duos for violins Dances for orchestra. ; ; ;
concertos for pianoforte, with orchestra; Ser- — Fetis ; Mendel.

enades for 3 instruments. — Fetis ; Mendel. SCHARWENKi, (LUDWIG) PHILIPP.
SCHAFFNER, NICOLAUS ALBERT, born at Samter, in Posen,
born in Silesia about 1790, died at Bor- Feb. 10, 1847, still liv-
deaux in 18G0. Violinist and clarinet ing, 1890. Entered
player learned early to play on several in- KuUak's New Academy
;
struments, lived a while at Breslau, then in Berlin in 18G5, was

travelled in Germany. In 1815 he went to especially a pupil of
Paris, where he became bandmaster in a Wuerst, and afterwards
regiment of tlie royal guard, and in 1817 studied also under H.
chef d'orchestre at the Theatre de la Porte- Dorn became instruc- ;
Saint-Martin. In 1821 he went in the tor of theory and com-

same capacity to Rouen, and later on to position at Kullak's Academy in 1870, and
—
Bordeaux. Works Melodramas and pan- later in his brother's Conservatorium.
tomimes Le prince et le soldat Daniel, AVorks Herbstfeier, for chorus, soli, and
: ; :
ou la fosse aux lions Azendai La cabane orchestra Sakantala, do.

; ; 2 symphonies ; ;
de Montainard Le marechal de Villars ; for orchestra Liebesnarht, fantasy for do., ; ;
Le proscrit et la fiancee Le petit chape- op. 40 Serenade for do.

; Polonaises for ; ;
ron rouge Le bane de sable Les freres do. 3 morceaux de concert for violoncello
; ; ;
invisibles, etc. Divertissement militaire a and pianoforte Cavatine for do. Romance ; ;
douze parties Suites d'harmonie a quatorze and scherzo for violin and pianoforte ilany
; ;
parties Quatuors concertants, for flute, pianoforte pieces Songs. Riemann Men-
; ; — ;
clarinet, horn, and bassoon 5 quintets for del Fi'tis, Sui)plcment, ii. 494.
; ;
strings ; Trios for do. G do. for clarinet, horn,

; SCHARWENKA, (FRANZ) XAAER,
and bassoon ; Duos for clarinets ; do. for vio- born at Samter, in Posen, Jan. 6, 1850, still
lins ; Air varic for violin and orchestra ; Soli living, 1890. Brother of Philipp Scliarwcn-
and airs varies for flute. — Fi'tis ; Mendel. ka; followed the same course of instruction,
SCHALE, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH, and under the same teachers, until gnidu-
born at Brandenburg in 1713, died in Ber- from Kullak's Academy in Berlin in atiiig
lin, March 2, 1800. Violoncellist, pupil of He remained at the Academy as 18G8.

Rolle, organist at Bran<lenburg entered the teacher of the pianoforte, and tirst appeared
;
orchestra of Margrave Heinrich in 1735, and in j)ublic as a j)ianist at the Singakademie

the service of Friedrich II. in Berlin, in 1742 in 18G9. In 1874 he left the Academy, and ;
became court organist in 17G4. Works : has since then playctl in almost all the prin-
SCllAUENSEE
Europe.
cipal cities of On Oct. 1, 1881, he cantata, 1745 IMass for 3 choirs, and or- ;
opened a Conservatorium of his own in chestra, 1749 Mass for Trinity 7 short ; ;
Berlin. Scharwenka masses De semine bona, 40 motets for so- ;
is a brilliant pianist, prano and contralto Obeliscus musicus, ;
and has made a dis- oflertories for 4 voices Ecclesia triumphans ;
tinguished mark as a in carapo, containing Te Deuni, Tantum

composer, especially of ergo, Vidi aquam, (1753) Cantica doc-
etc. ;
cham- toris,
pianoforte and 32 antiphons, 12 Salve Regina, Alma
ber music. His best Redemptoris, Ave, 8 Regina cceli, etc.
known works are his (Augsburg, 175G) Phoebus musicus seu ;
l)ianoforte concertos in vesperse TV. (ib., 1757) ; Many offertories,

minor (Hanover, vesiêrs, litanies, hymns, etc.
B-flat Pantheon ;
1877, highly praised by Liszt) and C minor musicum, 8 concertos for organ (Augsburg,
(Vienna, Dec. 12, 1880), the former of which 1757) Tabellarius musicus, 6 symphonies
;
have been much played in this country by (ib., 1757) Concerti armonici d' organo e
;
Mme Madeline Schiller. di cembalo, etc. (Nuremberg, 1754) Omne ;
8CHAUENSEE, (F R A N Z JOSEPH trinum perfectum, cantata for 4 voices, with

LEONTI) MEYER VON, born at Lucerne, instruments Par nobile fratrum, do. Fe- ; —
Aug. 10, 1720, still living at the monastery tis Mendel Riemann Schilling.; ; ;
of St. Liudgard in 1790. Organist, dra- SCHAUSPIELDIREKTOR, DER (The

matic and church composer studied the Impresario), Singspiel in one act, text by
;
organ at a very early age under Miiller, or- Stephanie, music by Mozart, first repre-
ganist of the Convent of St. Liudgard, Lu- sented at Schunbrunn, at a "festival in
cerne, whom he afterwards succeeded. In honour of the Governor-General of the
1731 he went to the Benedictine Abbey of Netherlands," Feb. 7, 179G. Frank, an im-
St. John to finish his studies and, finding presai'io, has received permission to open a
no organ there, learned the harpsichord, vio- theatre in Salzburg. Several actors and
lin, and violoncello on leaving that con- actresses offer their services and are put on
;
vent he studied composition, and in 1738 trial. The best numbers are the overture
entered the Cistercian Convent at St. Ur- and the terzet, in Avhich two of the women
ban, but soon left it and went to Milan, quarrel as to which is the better singer,
where he finished his musical studies. In and alternately execute rapid and extraor-
17-41 he enrolled in the Swiss regiment in dinary phrases. The manager, trying to
the service of the King of Sardinia, be- make peace, attaches himself to, and op-
came an officer, and was taken prisoner at poses, first the one, then the other, making
Nice during the campaign of 174:2. After a scene full of contrast and humor. Char-
his return to Lucerne ho devoted himself acters represented :
with great energy to the promotion of mu- Frank, an impresario Herr Stephanie.
sical life there, and in 1752 took orders Eiler, a banker Herr Brockmanu.
and became organist of the St. Liudgard Buf Herr Lange.
Â+
^^^^^'^ i
capitulary. "Works— Operettas II trionfo Herz: } I Herr Weidmann.
della gloria ; II palladio conservato, 17'43 ;
Mme Pfeil ]
r Mme Sacco.
Applausi festosi della Sardegna, 1744 Die ; Mme Krone ... [ Ac- J
Mme Adamber-
parnassische Gesandtschaft, Lucerne, 1746 ; f
tresses ger.
]
Musikalisches Fried- und Freudenfest, eine Mme Vogelsang i I Mme Stephanie.
Gotter-Oper, ib., 1751 Brutus, ib., 1753
; Vogelsang ;
Herr Adamberger.
Der verlorene Beutel eines Geizhalses, Mme Herz ) o.- { Mme Lancfe.
Singers
comic opera, ib., 1754. Hortus conclusus, Mme Silberklam 'Mile Cavalieri.
314
;;;
SCHEIDT
The entire festival was repeated at the Kraft-Bliimlein, etc. (Halle, 1625) Newe ;
Kilrnthnerthor Theater in 179G, and the geistliche Couzerten, etc., 4 parts (Leipsic,
whole of Der Schauspieldirektor was intro- 1631, 1634, 1635, 1640); 70 Symphonien
duced by Goethe into Ciniarosa's L' impre- auf Konzerteu-Manier (ib., 1644) ; Tabulatur
sario in angustie, given in Weimar, in 1791, Buch, etc. (Gurlitz, 1650, 1653).— Fi-tis ;
as Theatralische Abenteuer. It was given Gerber Mattheson, Ehrenpforte ^lendel

; ;
three times in Vienna in 1797 adapted by ; Eeissmann, Musikgesch., ii. 233 Kiemanu ; ;
Stegmeyer in 1814, and revised at the Leo- Grove, iv. 782.

poldsti'idter Theater in 1845. It was given SCHEIN, JOHANN HEERMANN, bom
at the Bouffes Parisiens, Paris, revised by at Griiuhain,
Leon Battu and Hal6vy, Slay 20, 1856. Saxoii}', Jan.
Score published by Simrock (Bonn) by ; 29, 1586, died
Heckel (Mannheim) pianoforte score hy ;
at Leipsic, Nov.
Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic) ; Breitkopf & 19, 1630.
Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie v., No. 16. Church com-
— Kuchel, Verzeichniss, No. 486 ; Andre, No, poser, son of
43 ; Jahn, Mozart, iv. 154 do. (Townsend), the Lutheran
;
iii. 46 ; Nissen, do., ii. 85 R. Hirseh, Mo- pastor at Meis-

; <^^
zarts Schauspieldirektor (Leij^sic,1859) sen after his ;

;
WienZeitg. (1786), No. 11 ; Caciha,xxiv. 148. father's death

SCHEIDT, SAINIUEL, born at Halle, he was admitted as a choir-boy (soprano)
Prussian Saxony, in into the Electoral Chapel at Dresden in
1587, died there, 1599, became an alumnus of the Gymnasium
March 14, 1654. Or- at Schulpforto in 1603, then studied at the
ganist, pupil at Am- University of Leipsic, and in 1613 was made
sterdam of Pieter Hof-Kapellmcister at Weimar. In 1616 ho
Sweelinck, became returned to Leipsic to become cantor at the
K ap e m e 1 1 i s t e r to Thomasschule. Works Veuus-Kriiuzleiu :
Christian "Wilhelm, oder neue weltliche Lieder, etc. (Leipsic,

Margrave of Bran- 1609) Concerte f iir 4 Stimmen (ib., 1612)
;
t\V^(i;|?:4>,'/ Cymbalum Sioniura, etc. 1615) Bau-

denburg, officiating (ib., ;
'
as organist of the Mo- '

chetto musicale, etc. (ib., Opelho
1617) ;
ritzkirche at Halle, to which position he re- novic (ib., 1618, 1627) ; Das Te Deum mit
turned, having in the meanwhile lived sev- 24 Stimmen (ib., 1618) ; Balletto pastorale
eral years at one of the (ib., 1620) Musica divina, motets for 8-24
Hamburg. He was ;
greatest organists of his time, and the first voices (ib., 1620) Musica boschcrcccia, ;
who in his compositions treated the choral Waldlicdlein, etc., 3 parts (ib., 1621, 1626,
artistically, and conformably to the organ. 1628) Israels Briinnlein, Kraftspriiche, etc. ;
Works Cantiones sacrtc octo vocum (Ham- (Frankfurt, 1623) Madrigali, 5 voc. (1623)
:
; ;
burg, 1620) do. 7 vocibus decantanda) (ib., Diletti pastorali (1624) Yillanello, 3 voc.
; ;
(1625) Opelho nova>, 2d part (Leipsic,

;
1626) Studenten-Schmauss (1626, 1634)

;
Cantional oder Gesangbuch Augsburgischer

Confession, etc. (1627). — Frtis Gerber; ;
Mattheson, Ehrenpforte ^rtiidel Kiemaiin. ; ;
1622) ; Concerti sacri, 2-12 voc, etc. (ib., SCHELBLE, JOHANN NErO.AlLK, born
1622) ; Ludi inusici, etc. (ib., 1621, 1622) ;
at Hiifingen, in the Black Forest, May 16,
Tabulatura nova (ih., 1624) ; Liebliche 17S'.), died at Fraulifort-oii-the-Main, Aug.

! ;
SCKEXK
7, He began the study of music at
1837. G28 (1844), No. 40
; ; Gerber ; Riemann ;
tlie Monastery of Marchtbal in 1800-03 ;

Wurzbach.
then was pupil of W'eisse at Donauescbingen, SCHERER, SEBASTIAN ANTON, flour-
and of Krebs in Stuttgart. In 1812 he was ished at Ulm, where he was second organist
court singer and iusti-uctor in the Royal of the cathedral about 1GG4. Nothing is
]\Iusikinstitut, Stuttgart. He lived in Vi- known but his published works
of his life,
enna in 1813, singing and composing, the show him to have been a musician of merit.
friend of Moscheles, Spohr, and Beethoven. Works Musica sacra, hoc est missae, psalmi
:
In 181G he settled in Frankfort, where, et motettffi, etc. (Ulm, 1655) Tabulatura in ;
in 1817, he was director of the musical cymbalo et organo, etc., 2 books (ib., 1GG4)
Akademie and a favourite music teacher. Sonatas for 2 violins and viola di gamba (ib.,
He founded there the Cilcilienverein. 1G80) Suites for lute (Augsburg).— Fetis ; ;
Works Graf Adalbert, opera Pianoforte Gerber Mendel.

: ; ;
sonatas Cantatas
;
Romances Quartets, SCHERMERS, FRANC;OIS COR-
; ;
trios, and duets Songs. ^Weissmann, J. NEILLE, born at Antwerp, Nov. 11, 1822,
;
N. Schelble (Frankfort, 1838) Hiller, Felix died there, July 2, 1874. Pianist, studied,
;
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, 7 Allgem. mus. and afterwards taught, in his native city.

;
Zeitung (1812), 335 Mendel Grove. Works Le teneur de livres, opL-ra-comique,

; ; :
SCHELM! HALT FEST! See Der Ghent, 1853 La Nativite du Seigneur, can- ;
Freischfdz. tata, 1845 2 overtures Motets Quartets ; ;

;
SCHENK, JOHANN, born at Wiener- Choruses a cappella. Fetis, Supplement, ii. —

Neustadt, Nether Austria, Nov. 30, 17G1, 495.
died in Vienna, Dec. 21), 183G. Dramatic SCHERZ, LIST, RACHE (Fun, UND
composer, studied singing under Tomaselli Cunning, and Revenge), Singspiel in four
while a choir-boy in his native city later acts, text by Goethe, music by Max Bruch,
;
was pupil of Stoll at Baden (1771), and of op. 1, first represented in Cologne, Jan. 14,
Schneller and Wagenseil in Vienna (1774), 1858. The text was written in 178G-87, set
where he began to teach and compose. He by Christoph Kayser, and first represented
was acquainted with Mozart and Schubert, in Rome in 1787. Music composed also by
and secretly gave lessons in counterpoint Peter von Winter, Munich, 1790 by Ernst ;
to Beethoven, who was dissatisfied with Hoffmann, Posen, 1801 and l)y Christoph ;
Haydn's instruction, but unwilling to leave Kienlen, about 1812.

his celebrated teacher. Ho died in needy SCHETKY, (JOHANN GEORG) CHRIS-
circumstances. Works Operas Die Wein- — : TOPH, born at Darmstadt, in 1740, died in
lese, Vienna, 1785 Die Weihnaclit auf dem
; Edinburgh, Nov. 30, 1824. Violoncellist,
Lande, ib., 178G Im Finstern ist nicht gut
; pupil of Filtz at Mannheim, and in compo-
tappen, ib., 1787 Das imvermuthete See-
; sition of Endeler at Darmstadt, where he
fest, ib., 1789 Das Singspiel ohne Titel,
; entered the court orchestra. He travelled
ib., 1700 Der Erntekranz, ib., 1791 Ach-
; good deal in Germany, settled at Ham-
; a
met und Almanzine, ib., 1795 Der Dorf- burg in 17G8, went to London in 1770, and
;
barbier, ib., 179G Der Bettelstudent, ib., to Edinburgh in 1773. Wôrks: 12 trios
;
179G;DieJagd,
179G: Die Jagd,ib., 1797; for strings G do. for harpsichord and ;
ler. D i e strings 9 duos for violin and violoncello ; ;
Huldigung, cant
itata; Der G do. for flutes 12 do. for violoncellos 12
/// ^yj i ; ;
G sympho- sonatas for violoncello and bass ; G quartets

nies ; Mass ; Stabat Ma- for strings ;Concertos for violoncello and
ter Music for wind instruments Harp con- orchestra
; ; ; Symphonies Die Nacht, can- ;
certos.— Allgem. Wiener mus. Zeitg. (1842), tata. Fetis; Gerber; Mendel; Schilling. —
31G
;
SCllEYERMANN
SCHEYERMANN, GEORGES, born nt Adam Hiller's concerts succeeded the lat- ;
La Verrerie-Je-Moutberiue (Ardennes), in ter in 1785 as director of the Gewandhaus

1767, died at Nantes, June 20, 1827. Pia- concerts, and took
nist, pupil of Guillaunie Hanser at the
Abbey the place of A. E.
of Lavaldieu became organist in the Abbey
; Miiller in 1810
of Foucarmont, Normandy, when only fif- as cantor of the
teen, and three years later went to Paris, Thomasschulc.
where he studied tlie organ under Sejan. In Works — Orato-
1789 he became organist and director of con- rios Die
Feier
:
certs at La Rochelle, and in 1801 returned der Christen auf

to Paris, but remained only eight months, Golgotha ; Moses ^<f
and settled at Nantes. Works Le couron- : auf Sinai ; Das
nement de Nunia Pompilius, opera, Nantes, Ende des Gerech-
1820 Several cantatas, with orchestra
; ten Amynt s ; '
Overture for orchestra S^'mi^honie con- Freuden iiber die Wiederkehr der Lalage,
;
certante, for jîanoforte and orcliestra 3 cantata Preis der Tonkunst, do.; and other ; ;
concertos for do.; Trio concertant, for pi- cantatas 4 Te Deums Psalm C Choral- ; ; ;
anoforte, flute, and bassoon La bataille motets Nach einer Priifung kurzer Tage
; :
;
d'Austerlitz, symphonie militaire Sonatas Herzlich lieb hab icli dich, o Herr Jesus
; ;
for pianoforte and violin, or flute Pastorale meine Zuversicht Veiii Sanctc Spiritus
; ;
;
for pianoforte and harp ; Many pianoforte etc. ; Several masses ; Concerto, sonatas,
pieces ; 2 collections of romances. —Fetis.
and caprices for pianoforte. He published :
SCHGRAFFER, JACOB, born died Grundregeln der Harmonic (Leipsic, 1812)

(?), ;
at Botzen, Tyrol, in 1859. Church com- translated the pianoforte schools of Cle-
poser, studied music at Milan, and became menti and Pleyel, and the singing method of
parish organist at Botzen. Works : Jesus Pelegrini-Celoni ; and edited J. S. Bach's
Leiden und Tod, oratorio Music for the ;
day of Corpus Cliristi Offertories Bene-

dicite, etc.
; ;
^^5^^.
SCHIASSI, GAETANO MARIA,
born at
Bologna about the end of the 17th century. motets, also works of Mozart, Haydn, and
Violinist and dramatic composer, was cham- others compiled Allgemeines Clioralbuch. ;
ber virtuoso to the Prince of Harmstad. Mendel Fc'tis Riemann Schilling — ; ; ; ;
Member of the Accaderaia filarmonica. Gerber.

Works — Ojieras : Zanina finta contessa, SCHICK, ERNST (JAN CHRISTIAAN).
Modena, 1727 ; Amor tra nemici, Bologna, born at The Hague in 175(1, died in Ber-
1732 La fede ne' tradimenti, ib., 1732 lin, Dec. 10, 1813.
;
Violinist, pupil of ;
Alessandro nell' Indie, ib., 1734 Demo- Kreusser, concertmeester at Amsterdam, ;
foonte, ib., 1735 Didono abbandonata, ib., where also he heard Esser and Lolli. and
;
1735 12 concerti a violino principalc, vio- took them, especially the latter, for a model.
;
lin! di ripieno, alto viola, violoncello e cem- In 1791 ho married the singer Margarethc
balo (Amsterdam). Fetis. — Luise Hamel, and in 1793 went to Berlin as

SCHICHT, JOHANN GOTTFRIED, first violinist at the opera, and became royal
born at Reichenau, Saxony, Sept. 29, 1753, Conzertmeister. Ho published (> concertos
died in Leipsic, Feb. 1(5, 1823. Cluirch for violin with ordiestra. Frtis MtiuUl. — ;
composer, chiefly self-taught went to Leip- SCHICKHARD, JOHANN CHRISTIAN.

;
sic'in 1770 to study law, but gradually de- German flutist and oboe player, lived nt
voted himself to nuisic. He was pianist at Handnirjjf from the beginning of llic ISth
;
SCniCKSALSLIED
century until about 1730. 'Works Sona- SCHIMON, ADOLF, born in Vienna,:
tas for fluteand basso coutiuuo do. for Feb. 29, 1820, died in Leipsic, June 21,
;
oboe and bass do. for 2 flutes and bass

;
1887. Pianist, son of the portrait painter ;
do. for 2 oboes and bass ; 12 do. for oboe, and singer, Ferdinand Schimon, who was
flute, bass, 14 do. for do.
and continuo engaged in Munich in 1821. He early
; ;
Collection of minuets for do. Concerto showed musical talent, and at the age of
;
for 2 oboes, 2 violins, bass, and continuo sixteen became the pupil of Berton and
;
Principes de la fliUe, etc. ; Principes du Hak'vy at the Paris Conservatoire, later vis-
hautbois, etc. —Futis
Mendel. ;
iting Italy to study vocal music. He was
HCHICKSALSLIED (Song of Destiny), accompanist of the private classes of Bor-
for chorus and oi'chestra, text by Robert Hol- dogni and Banderali, maestro al cembalo at
derlin, music by Brahms, op. 54, first given Her Majesty's Theatre in London in 1850-
ill 1871. Full and pianoforte score pub- 52, and at the Theatre Italien of Paris for
lished bv Simrock (Berlin, 1872). some 3'ears later. In 1872 he married in
SCHIEDERMAYK, JOHANN BAPTIST, Florence the singer Anna Regan, and made
born at Pfaffenmiinster, Bavaria, June 23, concert tours with her became vocal in- ;
1779, died at Linz, Upper Austria, Jan. G, structor at the Leipsic Conservatorium in
1840. Organist and church composer, pu- 1874, and at the Royal Music School in
l)il of Edmund Iliirtl in singing and of Munich in 1877, but returned, in 188G, to
Stephau Fuchs in harmony, in the Bene- his position at Leipsic. Works : Stradella,
dictine Abbey at Oberalteich, then (1793) opera, Florence, 1844 ; List um List, comic
studied in the seminary at Straubing, and opera, Schwerin, 1858 ; Italian, German,
about 1797 became organist in the capitu- and French songs ; String quartets ; Piano-
lary of St. Nicholas, near Passau. After the forte trio ; Violin sonata ; Sonatas and other
suppression of monasteries in Bavaria, in pieces for pianoforte (2 and 4 hands). —Rie-
1802, he lived at Passau until 1804, when mann Mendel. ;
he went to Linz, and in 1810 became or- SCHINDELMEISSER, LOUIS, born at

ganist of the cathedral and the city parish Kunigsberg, Dec. 8, 1811, died at Darm-
church. After 1821 he conducted the Ge- stadt, March 30, 1864. Dramatic com-
sellschafts-Couzerte, and for many years he poser, pupil of Hostie and of Giihrich.
was also Kapellmeister of the theatre. Leaving Berlin in 1832, he became Kapell-
"Works 24 masses Requiems, oflertories, meister successively at Salzburg, Innsijruck,
: ;
litanies, graduals, etc., all with orchestra; and Gratz, and in 1837 at the Konigstildter
Cantatas 2 symphonies Trios for strings Theater in Berlin
; ; after nine years passed ;
—
Sonatas for pianoforte Organ music. All- in Pesth and several short engagements else-
;
gem. Wiener Mus. Zeitg. (1841), No. 73 where, he became Court Kapellmeister at ;
Wurzbach. Darmstadt. Works Ojoeras Mathilde — :

;
SCHIEFERDECKER, JOHANN CHRIS- Die zehn gliicklichen Tagc Peter Sza- ;
TIAN, died at Liibeck in 1732. Organist pary, Pesth, 1839 Malvina, ib., 1841 Der ; ;
and dramatic composer, was accompanist Riicher, 1844 Melusine, Darmstadt, 1861. ;
at the Opera in Hamburg about 1702, and Bonifacius, oratorio Overture to Uriel ;
succeeded Buxtehude as organist of St. Acosta Concertante and concerto for clari- ;
—
Mary's at Liibeck. "Works Operas Alari- net and orchestra; Songs; Pianoforte music.
:
cus, Hamburg, 1702 Victor (with Matthe-

; Mendel Fetis, vii. 462 Supplement, ii. — ; ;
son and Bronner), 1702 Regnerus, ib., 495 Viotta, iii. 330.
; ;
1703 Justinus, ib., 1706. 12 musikalische

; SCHINDLOCKER, PHILIPP, born at |
Concerte, containing overtiu-es, suites, and Mons, Hainault, Oct. 25, 175;}, dieil iu Vi-
sonatas (Hamburg, 1713). —
FcHis Mendel. enna, April 10, 1827.; Virtuoso on the vio-
318
;
SCIIINDLOCKER
loncello, pupil of Himmelbauer in Vieuna, Orphan ib., 1850 of Geneva,
Niccolo de' ;
where he became solo

I
violoncellist in the Lapi,

18G3 Selvaggia, Naples, 1805
ib., ;
;
opera orchestra in 1795, at St. Steplicn's Lia, Venice, 18GG Tiie Ear-i-ing, operetta ;
;
ill 1798, and in the court chapel in 180(5, The Lord of Biirleigli, cantata, Birmingham
when he was made imperial chamber mu- Festival, 1873 ; Italian melodies, and Eng-
sician. In 1811 he retired from service to lish songs. — Fetis, Supph'ment, ii. 495 ;
teach. Josef Merk was one of his pupils. Grove.

Works Concertos for violoncello and or-
:
SCHIRA, ATNCENZO, bom in :\Iadrid,
chestra Sonatas for violoncello and bass
;
;
in the beginning of this century, died at
Hondo for do. Serenades, variations, etc.,
; Lisbon, of the cholera, in 1857. Dramatic
for violoncello. — Kuchel, Die kais. Hof-Mu- composer, brother of the preceding, pupil
sikcapelle, etc., 94, 97 ; AVurzbach. at the Milan Conservatorio in 1818-21 ;
SCHINDLOCKER, WOLFGANG, born went to Lisbon about 1843, to assume the

in Vienna in 1789, died (?). Violoncellist, position of mestre de capella at the San
nephew and pupil of the preceding, played Carlos theatre, formerly occupied by his
in public at the age of fifteen, and in 1807 brother. Works— Ballets La sposa di :
accepted a call to Wiirzburg as first violon- Messina, Milan, 1826 Gli empirici, ib., ;
cellist and chamber musician. Thence he 1828 Rosmunda,Buondelmonte, ib., 1829 ;

;
made a concert tour to North America. II raja e le bajadere (with Mussi), ib., 1843
Works : 12 pieces for 5 truiuijets and and others. Fctis, Supplement, ii. 496. —
drums ; Serenade for basset-horn, flute, SCHLAEGER, HANS, born at Feld-
viola and violoncello Trio for oboe, violin kirchen. Upper Austria, Dec. 5, 1820, still
;
and bass 12 duos for horns Grand duo living, 1890. Dramatic and church com-
; ;
for violoncellos 3 duos instructifs for do.

; i:)Oser, pupil of Gruber, a violinist, in the
;
Fantaisie et polonaise, for flute, with violin, capitulary of St. Florian, where he was a
2 violas, and violoncello. Fetis —
Wurz- choir-boy (1832-45), then in Vienna pupil
;
bach. of Preyer in composition. In 1851 he be-

SCHIRA, FRANCESCO, born in Malta, came professor of singing at the Academy
in the beginning of this century (not Sept. of Music, and in 1854-61 was Chormeistcr
19, 1815), died in London, Oct. 15, 1883. of the Milnnergesang-Verein, then accepted
Dramatic composer, pupil of Francesco a call to Salzburg as Kapellmeister of the
Easily at the Conservatorio in Milan (1818- cathedral, and director of the Mozarteum.
28) ; was engaged as mestre de capella In 1867, having married the Countess Olders-
for the San Carlos theatre, Lisbon, in hausen, he resigned his position as Kapell-
1833, became professor of singing at the meister and, after living some time at Cann-
Conservatorio there, and about 1840 went stadt, returned in 1869 to Salzburg. Works
to London, where he taught singing and Operas —
Heinrich und Use, Salzburg, :
whither he returned in 1842, after a sojourn 1863 Hans Haidekukuk, ib., 1873 ; Die ;
in Paris, to become director of music at the Prophezeiung Doctor und Friseur. -lung ;
Princess's Theatre. In 1844-47 lio was en- Sigurd, scene from Waldmeistcr's Braut-
gaged in the same capacity at the Drury fahrt, for chorus and orchestra 3 masses ;
Lane, and again in 1852, after whicli date with orchestra Mass for male voices, with ;
he devoted himself to instruction. Officer horns Vocal mass Graduals, anil other ; ;
of the Order of the Crown of Italy. Works church music : Choruses for male and ;
Elena e Malvina, Milan, 1832 I cavalieri di mixed voices

; String (piartet, and otlier ;
Valenza, Lisbon, 1837 II fanatico per la instrumental

;
music. Engl, Gedenkbuch —
musica, ib. Kenilworth (1848, not given)
; der Sal/.l)urgtrLiedertafel (Salzburg, 1872),
;
Mina, London, 1849 Theresa, or the 293

;
Wurzbach. ;
31!)
;;
SCIILAFE
SCHLAFE, :MEIN LIEBSTER, dto aria chardt, sein Leben und seine Werke (1865)
ill G major, with accompauiinent of llute, 2 Studien zur Geschichte der franzusischen
oboi cV amore, two oboi da caccia, strings Musik (1884-85) and articles in Count ;
complete, organ and coutinuo, in Johauu Waldersee's Sammlung musikalischer Vor-

Sebastian Bach's cantata, Und es waren triige. Mendel Riemann. — ;
Hirten in derselben Gegend (Wcihnadits- SCHLICK, JOHANN KONRAD, born

Oratorium, Part II). This aria is com- probably at Minister, Westphalia, in 1759,
monly known as the Cradle Song. died at Gotha in 1825. Violoncellist, first
SCHLESINGEK, SEBASTEVN BEN- in the Bishop's chapel in his native city,
ZON, born inGermany, Sept. 24, 1837, then in the ducal orchestra at Gotha won ;
still living, 1890. Amateur musician, mer- considerable reputation as a virtuoso, on

chant and German Consul in Boston, Mas- his travels. Works 3 quintets for violin, :
sachusetts. He studied music both in the violoncello, flute, viola and bass 3 sympho- ;
United States and in Europe, and has pub- nies concertantes for violin and violoncello ;
lished songs and pianoforte music. 3 sonatas for pianoforte, violin and violon-
SCHLETTERER, (HANS) mCHEL, cello 3do. for violoncello and bass 11 quar- ; ;
born at Ansbach, May 29, 1824, still living, tets for strings Concerto for violoncello
;
1890. Vocal composer, and writer on music, Concertos for violin 2G soli for violoncello;
;
pupil of Ott, of Diirrner on the violin, and Sonatas for mandoline. Fetis Mendel. — ;
of the organist Theodor Mayer, on the piano- SCHLIEBXER, GOTTHOLD AUGUST,

forte, organ, and in theory then at Cassel ; born Lindenberg, Brandenburg, in 1820,
at
pupil of Spohr and Kraushaar, and at Leip- still 1890.
living, Pianist and dramatic
sic of David and Richter. In 1845—47 he composer, pupil of Killitschgy on the pi-
was instructor in the seminar}' at Finsting- anoforte, and of Marx in composition, at
en, Loi-raine, in 1847-53 music director at Berlin, whither he returned in 185G from
Zweibriiclcen, in 1854-58 at the University Stralsund, where he had settled in 1849.
of Heidelberg, and in 1858 was called to Works — Operas
Student und Bauer, Stral-
:
Augsburg as Kapellmeister of the Protes- sund, 1855 ; DerDer Graf von

Lasttriiger ;
tant Church and vocal instructor of Stet- Santarem, Leipsic, 18G1 Kizzio, Prague, ;
ten's Institute. Since 18G6 he has been 18G3 Der Liebesring, Basel, 1879. Psalm
;
conductor of the Oratorio Society and di- xci. for male voices Trio for pianoforte ;
i-ector of the music school. Ph.D., Tii- and strings ; Pianoforte pieces and songs.
bingen, 1878. —
Works Operettas Dorn- : —Fetis ; Mendel
riischen Pharaos Tochter
; Der erfiillte ; SCHLIER, JOHANN EVANGELIST,
Traum Yater Beatus.
; Cantatas : Lasset born at Salzburg, Oct. 22, 1792, died there.
die Kindleiu zu mir kommen ; Jephthas May 27, 1873. Instrumental and vocal
Tochter. Ostermorgen, male chorus
for composer, pupil of Conzertmcister Otter on
with orchestra Thiirmerlied, do. Die kirch-
; ; the violin, and of ^Michael Haydn in har-
lichen Festzeiten Psalms ; 17 books of ; mony. In 1813 he went to Munich to study
choruses a cappella, for male, female, and medicine, but joined a Bavarian marching
mixed voices Songs, duets, etc.; Chorge-
; regiment and took part in the campaigns
sangschule for schools do. for male voices
;
;
of 1814-15. After the war he remained in
method for violin. He has edited and re- the army, entering the Austrian service,
vised many pianoforte scores of classical and in 1820 took part with his regiment in
works and lias published
Geschichte der the expedition to Naples. His health hav-
:
geistlichen Diclitung, (1879) Zur ing become impaired by the hardships of

etc. ;
Geschichte der dramatischen IMiisik und military life, he was pensioned in 182G, and
Poesie in Deutschland (18G3) J. Fr. Rei-, returned to Salzburg,
; where he devoted
; ;
SCHLOSSER
himself exclusively to music. Until 1841 he etta, ib., about 1840 Benvenuto CeUini, ;
was Kapellmeister of the Museum s-Gesell- ib.,about 1845 Die Jugend Karls H. von ;
schaft, and of the Musikiibungs-Vereiu he ; Spanien, ib., 1847 Die Jahreszeiten, melo- ;
retired to Ischl in 1842, but returned after- drama. Music to Faust Ballets Entr'- ; ;
wards to his native city. Works Die Ueber- : actes Mass Overtures and symphonies
; ;
;
schwemmung von Wien, melodi-ama Over- ; Concertino for horn and orchestra Polo- ;
ture to the tragedy Die Grafen Oginski naise for vioUn and orchestra Themes ;
Jubel-Ouvertiire Several cantatas for fes- varies for do.

; Quartets for strings Piano- ; ;
tive occasions ; Gross ist der Herr, hymn forte and violin music Songs and choruses. ; ;
Spanische National - Symphonie. Grand Fc-tis — ; do.. Supplement, ii. 497 Mendel ;
Eequiem German mass

; ; do. Requiem Riemanu ; ; Schilling, Supplement, 383.
do. Libera Tantum ergo
; ; Libera ; Songs SCHLOTTMANN, LOUIS, born in Ber-
and part-songs. — AUgem. "Wiener Mas. lin, Nov. 12, 1826, still living, 1890. Pian-
Zeitg. (1842), 472; Biog. Salzburgischer ist, pupil of Taubert and Dehn appeared ;
Tonkiinstler (Salzburg, 1845), 42; Engl, with success in London and other cities,
Gedeukbuch der Salzburger Liedertafel and settled in Berlin to teach his mstru-
(ib., 1872), 272 ; Wurzbach. ment. In
1875 he received the title of
SCHLOSSER, (CARL WILHELM) royal music director.Works Overture to :
ADOLF, born in Romeo und Julia Conzertstuck Trauer- ; ;
Darmstadt, Feb. marsch, symphonic scene Other overtures ;
1, 1830, still liv- and orchestral pieces Chamber music, ; pi-

ing, 1890. Pian- anoforte pieces, and songs.
ist, son and pupil SCH^HELZER, JOHANN HEINRICH,
of Ludwig Schlos- born in Austria in 1630, died in Vienna,
ser ; appeared in June 30, 1680. Chamber musician at the
public in Frank- imperial court in Vienna, then (1655) in
fort in 1847, and Prague, and in 1679 became Hof-Kapell-
after travelling in meister to Ferdinand HI. Works : Sacro-
Germany, France, profanus concentus musicus fidium. etc.,
and England, settled in Loudon to teach containing 13 sonatas for violin, with vio-
the pianoforte. He is now one of the in- las and trombones, Nuremberg, 1662 Ai-ie ;
structors at the Royal Academy of Music. per il balletto a cavallo, etc., for the wed-
Works : L'attente, op. 3 ; Impromptu, op. ding of Leopold I. (1667) Duodena selec- ;
6 ; Fantasiestiick, op. 7 ; Allegro capricci- tarum sonatarum (Nuremberg, 1669). Fe- —

oso, op. 8 ; Idylle, op. 16 ;
Quartet for pi- tis ; Mendel.
anoforte and strings ; Trio for do. ; 24 SCHMETZER, GEORG, born at Augs-
studies for pianoforte ; Songs, etc. burg about the middle of the 17th century,
SCHLOSSER, LUDWIG, born at Darm- died there in 1694. Chiu'ch composer,
stadt in 1800, died there, Nov. 17 or 18, and writer on music, pupil of KriegsdOr-
1886. Violinist, dramatic composer, and fer, whom he succeeded in 1677 as cantor
musical critic, pupil of Rinck, and in Vi- and music director at St. Ann's Church.
enna of Mayseder, Seyfried, and Sulieri, Works Cantiones sacra; von 2 bis 9 Stim- :
then at the Paris Conservatoire of Kreut- men (Augsburg, 1671) Sacri concentus ;
zer and of Lesueur. He became Conzert- latini et partim germauici, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16,
meister, and later Hof-Kapellmeister, at et 17 vocum ct variorum instrumcntorum,
—
Darmstadt. Works Operas Granada, Vi- etc. (ib., 16S9) Miserere (ib., 1690) ^lo-
: ; ;
enna, about 1835 ; Das Leben Traum, thodus musicalis (ib., 1678) Compendium
ein ;
Darmstadt, 1839 ; Kapitiin Hektor, oper- musica) (ib., 1688).— Fttis Mendel. ;
331
;
SCHMID
SCH^kHD (Sclimidt), BEENHAED, the Schweizer Soldat Pj'gmalion Der Mar- ; ;
elder, German composer of the IGth cen- quis von Carrabas Undine Das Rosen- ; ;
tury. He lived in Strasbnrg, where he be- miidchen, and about 20 others. 72 entr'-
came organist of St. Thomas's Church in actes, for orchestra 3 symj^honies for do.; ;
15G0, and of the Cathedral in 1564. Works Quintet for strings :3 quartets for do.; ;
Einer neuen uud kiintslichen aufif Orgel Concertos, duos, and trios for flute Songs ;
und Instrument Tabulatur Buch, containing and choruses for male voices. Fetis Men- — ;
fantasies on motets by Lasso, Crequillon, del.

.tii-cadelt, and others, besides passamezze, sch:midt, johann philipp sa-
saltarclli, and gaillards, Strasburg, 1577. MUEL, born at KOnigsberg, Prussia, Sept.
Tabulatur-Buch von allerhand auserlesenen 8, 1779, died in Berlin, May 9, 1853. Ama-
Kcliiinen Pneludiis, Toccaten, Motetten, etc., teur dramatic composer and writer on mu-
von 4,-G Stimmen (ib., 1G07). A Bernhard sic, pupil of Schulz, Halter, and Richter
Schmid, the younger, succeeded the elder as on the pianoforte, organ, and in harmony,
organist at St. Thomas's. Fc-tis —
Mendel. and of Schoenebeck in counteriDoiut. He
;
SCH:\IIDT, GUSTAV, bom at Weimar, studied law at the university, and in 1798-
Sept. 1, 1816, died at 99 visited Berlin, Dresden, and Vienna, and
Darmstadt, Feb. 10- on his return to Kunigsberg (via Munich,
11, 1882. Dramatic Stuttgart, Hanover, Hamburg, etc.) entered
composer, pupil of the government service in 1801. During
Tupfer at Jena, where the war troubles of 1806, being temporarily
he studied law at the without position or means, he gave music
university. He lived lessons and concerts. He arranged many
at Leipsic in 1840- of Haydn's and Mozart's symphonies, quar-
41, then was Kapell- tets, etc., for the pianoforte, contributed arti-
meister successively of cles to the Berlin and Leij)sic Musikalische
the theatres at Briinn, Zeitungen, and for thirt}- years was musical
Wiirzburg, Frankfort, reporter to Spener's Gazette. Works Op- —
Wiesbaden, and in 1864-76 at
Mainz, eras : Der Schlaf trunk, Kunigsberg, 1792 ;
Leipsic, after which he became Hof-Kapell- Das Dankopfer, prologue, ib., 1796; Eulen-
meister at Darmstadt. Works Operas: — spiegel, ib., 1806 ; Theodor, ib., 1812 ; Der
Prinz Eugen, Frankfort, 1845 Die Weiber ; bliude Gilrtner, oder die bliihende Aloe, ib.,
von Weiusberg, ib., 1858 La Reole, Bres- ; 1813 Die Alpenhiitte, ib., 1816 Der Kyff-
; ;
lau, 1863 ; Alibi, about 1860, given in New hiiuserberg, ib., 1817 Das Fischermiid- ;
York by the Miinngrgesangverein Ai*ion, chen, ib., 1818 Ein Abend in Madrid, Ber-
;
Oct. 6, 1888. Choruses for male voices. lin, 1824 Alfred der Grosse, ib., 1830.
;
— Mendel ; Riemann. Der Engel auf dem Schlachtfelde, cantata ;
SCHMIDT, HERMANN, born in Berlin, Das heilige Lied, do.; 16 other cantatas ; 9
March 5, 1810, died there, Oct. 19, 1845.
masses and oratorios Symphonies Quin- ; ;
Flutist, pupil of Gabrielski, and

com- tets and quartets for strings Songs. Fetis
in ; —
position of Buhmer. In 1831 he became Ledebur, Tonkiinst. Lex., 511 Schilling. ;
chamber musician in the royal orchestra, SCH:\IIDT, JOSEPH, born at Biicke-

in 1837 court composer, and in 1838 di- burg, Sept. 26, 1795, died there, March 15,
rector of the ballet. Works: Ein Stiind- 1865. Violinist, entered the chamber mu-
chen im Bade, comic opera, Charlottenburg, sic of the Prince of Biickeburg as solo
1836 Die Doppelflucht, do., Berlin Die violinist in 1812, and was in the service of
;
;
verhilngnissvoUe Omelette, and other op- the Duke of Saxe-Coburg in 1816-17, when
erettas. Ballets: Der Polterubeud ; Der he returned home in 1818 he went to
;
;;
8C11MIEDT
Italy, wliere he lived -first at Milau, then ken von Dr. Aloys Schmitt (Frankfort, 1873)
for two years at Turin, studying composi- Fctis Riemann Schilling. ; ;
tion under Kiister. Having settled in his SCHMITT, GEORG ALOYS, born at
native city, he was made director of music Hanover, Feb. 2, 1827, still living, 1890.
in 1840, and Hof-Kapellmeister in 1852. Pianist, son and pupil of the preceding, and
Works Die Geburt Jesu, oratorio Psalms, in theory pupil of Vollweiler at Heidelberg.
: ;
duets, and songs. Fctis. — He travelled several years as a virtuoso

SCHAIIEDE, MEIN HAMlÎEE. See through Germany, Belgium, France, and
Siegfried. Algiers, played in London, and after liis re-
SCHMIEDT, SIEGFRIED, born at Suhl, turn to Germany was Kapellmeister of the
Saxony, in 1756, died there in 1799. In- theatres at Aix-la-Chapelle, Wiirzburg, and
strumental and vocal composer, lived at other cities. In 1857 he became Hof-
Leipsic in 1786-96, as proof-corrector at Kapellmeister at Schwerin, where he has
Breitkopf & Hiirtel's. Works Die Feier much improved the musical conditions, and
:
der Chi-isteu bei der Krippe Jesu, oratorio especially raised the standard of the opera. ;
Psalm Ixvii.; Psalm viii. Cantatas: Nun Works Trilby, opera, Frankfort-on-the- :
keine Thriinen mehr ; Wenn ich, O Schup- Maiu, 1845 Das Wunderwasser, do.; Mai- ;
fer deiue Macht Ascension cantata. Wer enzauber

! ; Festspiel Music to many ; ;
kann dich, grosser Gott, ode Hj'mne an dramas Overtures

;
and other works for or- ;
die Toukunst ; Die Feier des achtzehnten chestra ; Trios for pianoforte and strings
Jahrhunderts, melodrama ; Gesang am Quartets for strings ; Pianoforte pieces, and
Grabe der Konigiu Marie Antoinette ; So- songs. —Mendel ;Riemann.
natas for pianoforte ; Songs. —Fctis ; Schil- SCHMITT, HANS, born at Koben, Bo-
ling. hemia, Jan. 14, 1835, still living, 1890.
SCH^HTT, ALOYS, born at Erlenbach, Pianist, at first studied the oboe at the
Bavaria, Aug. 26, 1788, died in Frankfort- Prague Couservatorium in 1846-50, then
on-the-Main, July 25, 1866. Pianist, and was first oboe player at the Opera in Bucha-
renowned teacher of his instrument, sou rest until 1855, next at the Burgtheater in
and pupil of a cantor, and studied compo- Vienna, later also in the imperial chapel,
sition under Andre at Oflenbach. He until an infirmity of the throat obliged him
settled in Frankfort as a teacher in 1816 to abandon his instrument. He then be- ;
later exercised the same profession in Ber- came a pupil of Dachs on the pianoforte,
lin became court organist in Hanover, and won the silver medal in 1862, and was made
;
in 1829 returned finally to Frankfort. He instructor at the Couservatorium. His in-

was an eminently successful instructor, and structive compositions for the pianoforte
his compositions are in the solid style of are much esteemed. Works : Bruna, opera
the old school. Works — Operas
Der Dop- (MS.) Conzertstiick for viohn 300 Etiiden
: ; ;
pelprozess, Hanover, 1825 Die Tochter der ohne Oktavenspannung Vademecum Fun-
;
; ;
Waste, ib., 1845. Valeria, Mannheim, 1832 dament der Klaviertcchnik ZirkeUibungen ;
;
Das Osterfest zu Paderborn, Frankfort-on- in Skalen und Akkorden 120 kleine Stilcke ;
the - ]\Iain, 1843

Moses, oratorio ;
Ruth, zum Vortrag ; Charakterstiicke for piano-
;
do.; 2 overtures; Symphony; 4 concertos forte Songs, etc. He wrote a monograph ;

:
for pianoforte and orchestra Concertino Das Pedal des Klaviers (1875).— Riemann.
;
for do. Variations, rondos, and other com-

;
SCHMITT, JAKOB (Jaocpies), born at
Trios, quartets, sonatas, Obernburg, Bavaria, Nov. 2, 1803, died in
positions for do. ;
rondos, variations, sonatinas, etudes, and Hamburg, June, 1853. Pianist, brother of
Hamburg to teach
many other pieces for pianoforte Songs, Aloys Schmitt, settled at ;
—
and part-songs. Henkel, Leben und Wcr- his instrument.
Works Alfred der Grosse, :
32:5
;
SCIIMITT
opera, given at Hamburg about 1840 ; Vari- tets for bassoon and strings ; Duos for
ations for pianoforte, with quartet ; 2 so- flutes ; do. for clarinets ; Airs varies for
natas for jDianoforte and -violin ; Sonatas, bassoon ; Divertissements for 2 horns and
variations, etudes, etc., for pianoforte Mendel. ; Me- bassoon. — Fetis ;
thod for do. — Kiemann.

Ft'tis ; SCHmTTBAUER, JOHANN ALOYS,
SCHmTT, JOSEPH, born in the Khein- born in Stuttgart in 1718, died in Carlsruhe,
gau, died at Church composer, pupil of
Frankfort-on-the-Main,
in Oct. 21, 1809.
1808. Viohnist, ^Yas a monk
Abbey Jommelli, settled at Rastadt, and in 1772
in the
at Eberbach, but left it in 1780, resigning became Hof- Kapellmeister at Carlsruhe.
his vows, and went to Holland, where he Works Operas Lindor und Ismene, Carls- — :
established a music trade at Amsterdam, ruhe, about 1772 Der Schiifer von Arkadien, ;
and married. About 1800 he returned to ib. Endymion, ib. Herkules, ib. Die ; ;
Germany and became Kapellmeister of the Freunde am Grabe des Erlusers, Easter-
theatre at Frankfort. "Works Sechs Mu- cantata Neue Kirchenmelodien mit unter-
: ;
sikstiicke —
2 symphonies, 2 quartets, and 2 gelegtem deutschen Texte 4 masses, 2 ;
quintets ; Symphonies for ten parts, for or- vespers, 4 oratorios, 2 Ave Maria, for 4 voices
chestra ; 3 quartets for pianoforte, flute, and orchestra 2 solemn masses Stabat
; ;
violin, and bass ; 6 do. for flute, violin, viola, Mater Symphony for orchestra 3 sym-
; ;
and bass ;
Quartets for strings ; Trios for phonies for eight parts Quartet for flute, ;
do.; 6 trios for flute, violin, and violoncello ;

violin, viola, and bass 3 quartets for piano-
;
Duos for violins ; Several concertos and forte, flute, violin and bass Trios for flute, ;
concertinos for various instruments ; Sev- violin, and bass Preludes and conclusions
;
eral symphonies concertantes. —Fetis; Men- for the organ etc. ; —

Fetis Mendel Schil- ; ;
del ; Schilling. ling.

SCmnXT, JOSEF ADAM (Andreas?), SCHMUCIvE DICH, O LIEBE SEELE
born Franconia, July 29, 1745, died (Adorn thyself, oh dear soul), a choral by
at Zell,
at Versbach, about the end of the 18th Johann Criiger, contained in the " Praxis
century. Organist, pupil of Beyer, became pietatis melica, oder Kirchenmelodien iiber
Cantor and schoolmaster at Versbach. D. Luthcrs und Auderer Gesiinge," for four
"Works Concerto for pianoforte and orches- voices and two instruments (Leipsic, 1649 ;
:
tra Preludes for the organ

; G duos for 30th ed., Berlin, 1703).
;
flutes Several short masses

; Requiem SCHNABEL, JOSEF IGNAZ, born at
;
Te Deum. He was author also of a treatise Naumburg-on-the-Queiss, Silesia, May 24,

on harmony, and of methods for violin and 17G7, died at Breslau, June 16, 1831.
the voice. — Fetis. Church composer, pupil of his father on the
SCHMITT, NIKOLAUS, German com- violin and pianoforte. Sudden deafness
poser of the 18th century, went to Paris in obliging him to give up music, ho attended
1779, and became chef de musique of the the Roman Catholic gymnasium at Breslau
French Guards. He played the flute, clari- in 1779, but upon recovering his hearing
net, bassoon, and other wind instruments, again took up music, while teaching in a
and after the Ilevolution was attached to the small village near Naumburg, and trained
orchestras of several theatres. "Works 8 an orchestra of young peasants. In 1797 :
concertos for bassoon and orchestra Ital- he went to Breslau, and became organist at ;
ian arias, for 8 wind instruments Marches St. Clara and first violin at St. Vincent's and
;
and quicksteps for twelve parts 3 quin- in the theatre orchestra, which he sometimes
;
tets for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bas- conducted. He was Kapellmeister at the
soon 3 do. for clarinet, bassoon, 2 violas, cathedral in 1804 was appointed director
; ;
and violoncello Quartet for do. 3 quar- of the winter concerts in 1806, and of the
; ;
334
: ;
SCnNABEL
Monday and Fx-iday Society in 1810 ; be- 1 50 masses ; 15 Requiems 53 motets 34
; ;
came music director at the University, in- j

graduals ; 12 litanies ; 27 funeral cantatas ;
structor at the Catholic seminary, and in Hymns and vespers ; Te Deum ; Salve Re-
1812 director of the royal institute for gina Lamentations, psalms, ; etc. — Fetis ;
church music. Works Three cantatas for Wurzbach. :
festive occasions ; 10 Masses, graduals, of- SCHNEIDER, GEORG ABRAHA:\I, born

hymns, vespers, and other church
fertories, at Darmstadt, April 19, 1770, died in Ber-
music Marches for military band Pieces
; ; lin, Jan. 19, 1839. Virtuoso on the horn,
for wind instruments Concerto for clari- ; instructed on several instruments by the
net Quintet for guitar, and string quartet
; ;
city musician of Darmstadt, and in theory
Choruses for male voices, and songs. Rie- — pupil of Cantor Portmann, who afterwards
mann Mendel Fetis Schilling.
; ; ;
became his father-in-law. He entered first
SCHNABEL, KARL, born in Breslau, a Hessian regiment as oboe player, then

Nov. 2, May 11-12, 1881. the service of the Duke of Mecklenburg at
1809, died there,
Pianist, nephew and inipil of the preced- Schwerin, of Prince Heinrich of Prussia at
ing, having at first worked in the pianoforte Rheinsberg, and finally the royal orchestra
factory established by his father. Works at Berlin, where he established subscription
— Operas Die Weiber von Weiusberg, ib., concerts, and whence he undertook several
:
1856 Alma von Geierstein, ib., 1815 Pre- concert tours. In 1814 he went to Reval
; ;
ziosa, Breslau, about 1840 Griseldis und as Kajjellmeister of the theatre, but re-
;
Percival, ib., 1851. Masses, cantatas, offer- turned in 1816, and was made Kapell-
tories, orchestral works, concertos for piano- meister of the royal opera, and in 1820
forte ; Songs. — Mendel Riemann.
;
music director of the guards. He was
SCHNAUBELT, HEINRICH, born at particularly skilful in instrumentation.
Rossitz, Moravia, in 1814, died at Salzburg, Works — Operas : Der Orakelspruch ; Au-
April Instrumental and vocal cassin land Nicolette Die Verschworenen
16, 1871. ; ;
composer, employed for years as a school Der Traum Der Wiihrwolf. ]\Iusic to 13 ;
teacher in various places, finally as instruc- ballets, to dramas, melodramas, and vaude-
tor and violinist in the Dom-Musikverein villes Die Geburt Christi, Die Pilgrimo ;
and Mozarteum at Salzburg. Works Bie- auf Golgotha, oratorios Cantatas Masses : ; ;
berhof, opera Die Rose von Hallwyll, do,,

;
with orchestra ; 54 entr'actes for orchestra
Salzburg, 1868 6 masses Choruses for; ; overtures and symphonies for do. ; Con-
male, and mixed voices Pianoforte pieces. ;
certos for horn ; do. for flute, for oboe,
—Engl, Gedenkbuch (Salzburg, 1872), 295 ;
and other instruments ;
Quintets, quartets,
Wurzbach. trios, etc., for various instruments. — Lede-
SCHNEEWITTCHEN, cantata for female bur, Tonkiinstl. Lex., 514 ; Fetis ; Mendel
chorus, soli, and pianoforte accompaniment, Schilling.
text by Friedrich Ruber, from the German SCHNEIDER, (JOHANN CHRISTIAN)

fairy legend, music by Karl Reinecke, op. FRIEDRICH, born at Alt-Waltersdorf, near
133. Published by Siegel (Leipsic, between Zittau, Jan. 3, 1786, died in Dessau, Nov.
1874 and 1879). 23, 1853. Dramatic and church composer,
SCHNEIDER, FRANZ, born at Pulkau, son and pupil of the organist, Johann Gott-
Nether Austria, in 1737, died at Melk, Feb. lob Schneider (1753-1840) ; began compos-
5, 1812. Organist, pupil at Melk of Al- ing when only eight or ten years old. While
brechtsbergei', whom he at Zittau, he con-
first assisted, and attending the Gymnasium
succeeded in 1766 as organist of the Abbey, tinued his musical studies under Cantor
after having served as Cantor at Pulkau and Sch(")nfelder and the organist
Ungcr; in
Retz, and in 1757 at Puggstixll. Works 1805 went to the university of Leipsic, and
325
;
;
SCHNEIDEU
soon manifested talent as a pianist, organ- works was published in Halberstadt. His
and composer. In 1807 be Avas appoint- writings are Elementarbuch der Harmonic
ist, :
ed organist of St. und Tonsetzkunst (1820, English transla-

Paul's, in 1810 Kapell- tion, 1828) Vorschule der Musik (1827)
i meister of Scconda's Handbuch des Organisteu (1829-30, four
;
^^ f^k^. opera company, and parts). Kempe, Fried. Schneider als —

in 1812 organist of St. Mensch und Kiinstler (Dessau, 1859, 2d
Thomas's. Fro m ed., Berlin, 18G4 ;
Mendel ; Schilling ; Rie-
1821 until his death be mann ; Fetis.
was Hof - Kapellmeis- SCHNEIDER, (J OH ANN GEORG)
ter at Dessau, where WILHELM, born at Rathenau, Prussia,
he displayed remarkable activity, training Oct. 5, 1781, died in Berlin, Oct. 17, 1811.
the court orchestra, forming a gymnasial Pianist, pupil of his father (an organist),
choir, bringing the Singakademie into a and in composition of Tiirk at Halle, where
flourishing condition, and founding a Lie- he frequented the university. He settled
dertafel. In 1829 be established a musical in Berlin, to teach, and appeared with suc-
institute, which lasted until the foundation cess as a concert player. In 1803-05
of the Leipsic Conservatorium diminished he edited, under the pseudonym of Wer-
its prestige, among his pupils being F. den, Musikalisches Taschenbuch. Works:
Spindler, Anschiitz, and Robert Franz. Grande fantaisie for pianoforte and or-
He also directed a number of great musi- chestra ; Trio for 3 pianofortes ; Fantasias,
cal festivals was a doctor of music, and a
;
variations, marches, etc., for pianoforte
member of the Berlin and Stockholm Acad- Kommersbuch (1802) ; Songs, etc. —Lede-
emies and other societies. As a composer bur, 520 ; F(3tis ; Schilling.
he was wonderfully productive, but the SCHNEIDER, JOHANN (GOTTLOB),
fame of his greater contemporaries has born at Altgersdorf, near Zittau, Oct. 28,
overshadowed his name, and his works are 1789, died in Dresden, April 13, 18C4. Or-
now almost forgotten. Works — Oratorios : ganist, brother of Friedricli Schneider, pu-
Das Weltgericht, 1819 Die Todtenfeier, ;
pil of his father on several instruments, of
1821 Die Siindfluth (translated into Eng-
;
Unger on the organ and in theory, and at
lish as The Deluge), 1823 Das verlorene ; Zittau of Cantor Schuufeld in singing. He
Paradies, 1824 Jesus Geburt, 1825 Jesus
; ; began the study of law at Leipsic University
der :\Ieister, 1827 Pharao, 1828 Christus ; ; in 1810 succeeded his brother as organist
;
das Kind, 1829 Gideon, 1829 Gethsem-

; ; of the imiversity church in 1811, and was
ane uud Golgotha, 1838 Absalom Das ; ; also vocal instructor at the Rathsfreischule.
befreite Jerusalem Salomonis Tempelbau ; ;
He was appointed in 1812 organist of the
Bonifacius Christus der Erloser. 14 mass-
;
church of Sts. Peter and Paul at Gorlitz,
es a Gloria
; a Te Deum 5 hymns
; 13 ; ; where he taught, founded a singing society,
psalms and motets 25 cantatas 7 operas ; ; ;
and did much for the musical life of the
23 symphonies 23 overtui*es 7 concertos
; ;
place. In 1825 he was called to Dresden as
court organist, and from 1830 was also musi-
cal director of the Dreyssig'sche Singakade-
(y^tt^^3^C^€p^ mie. He made many concert tours, and in

1833 went to London. Among his numer-
with orchestra ; GO sonatas ;
pianoforte ous pupils were Robert Schumann, Merkel,
trios and quartets 12 rondos 400 songs ; ; Naumann, Berthold, Jansen, and Nicolai.
for male voices 200 songs with pianoforte
;
;
He ranked high as an organ virtuoso, ]\Ien-
etc. A collective edition of his pianoforte delssohn considering: him the finest orcfanist
320
;
SCIIXEIDER
in Germany of Lis time. He composed en at the Opera, 1818 Claire et Melctal, ;
only some fantasias, fugues, and preludes ib. Zemire et Azor, ib., 1824 Les filets de ; ;
for the organ, and sacred part-songs. Vulcain, ib., 1826 Le Sicilien, ou I'amour ;
— Mendel Riemann Schilling

; Fetis peintre, ib., 1827
; La Sylphide, ib., 1832;
; ;
;
Morley, Modern German Music, i. 320. La temptJte, ou I'ile des genies, ib., 1834 ;
SCHNEIDER, (JOHANN) JULIUS, born Sardanai)ale, opera (unfinished). Fetis — ;
in Berlin, July 6, 1805, died there, April

3, do., Supplement, ii. 499.
1885. Pianist and organist, pupil of A. W. SCHNITZER, FRANZ, born at Wurzach,
Bach, TiUrschmidt, and Ludwig Berger on Wiirtemberg, in 1740, died at Ottobcurcn,
the pianoforte, of Hausmann on the organ, Bavaria, in 1785. Monk and organist in
and of Bernhard Klein in composition. In the Benedictine Abbey at Ottobeuren, from
1829 he became organist and cantor of the 1759. Works Eighteen operettas 6 can- :
;
Friedrichswerder Kirche, where he estab- tatas for festive occasions 4 masses Alma ; ;
lished, in 1852, a liturgical choir in 1837 Redemptoris, and other church music.
; Fe- —
he was made royal music director, in 1854 tis Schilling. ;
instructor of organ, singing, and composi- SCHNYDER VON W.ARTENSEE, XA-

tion at the royal institute for church music. VER, born at Lucerne, April 18, 1786,
He founded a Liedertafel in 1829, a choral died at Frankfort, Aug. 30, 1868. Instru-
society for mixed voices in 1836, was music mental and vocal composer, and writer on
director of the Royal York Lodge from music was self-taught until 1810, when he ;
183G, and conducted the society for classi- went to Ziirich and then to Vienna, hoping
cal chamber music at Potsdam in 1844:—47. to become a pupil of Beethoven, but was
Member of Berlin Academy, 1849, senator, obliged to study under Kienlen. Return-
1875. Works Orlando, opera, given at ing to Switzerland, he fought against the
:
Schwerin Jery und Biitely, Liederspiel French in 1815 taught a short time in
; ;
Luther, oratorio, Berlin, Frankfort, Halle the Pestalozzian institute at Yverdun, and ;
Die heilige Nacht, do., Berlin, Halle, Lii- finall}^ settled in 1817 at Frankfort to teach.
beck, Linz Cantatas for several festive oc- Works
; Fortunat mit dem Siickel und :
casions Mass for G voices Pater noster Wunschhiitlein, fairy-opera, 1829

; ; Zcit ;
for 12 do. Te Deum Motets; 16 canta- und Ewigkeit, oratorio Cantatas Vocal
; ; ; ;
tas 10 liturgical psalms Psalms for male quartets Swiss songs for men's voices 2
; ; ; ;
voices 200 choruses for do. Choruses for symphonies

; Pianoforte sonata
; xVrticles ; ;
do., with military band Concerto for pi- in the Allgemeiue musikalische Zeitung and
;
anoforte Quintet for do., with wind instru- Cllcilia.

; Mendel Riemann Schilling; Fe- — ; ;
ments ; Sonatas, variations, etc. ; Preludes, tis.
fugues, and chorals, for organ ; Ballads, SCHOBERLECHNER, FRANZ, born in

etc. — Mendel ; Riemann.
Vienna, July 21, 1797, died in Berlin, Jan.
SCHNEITZHCEFFER, JEAN MADE- 7, 1843. Pianist, pupil of Furstor and
LEINE, born at Toulouse, Oct. 13, 1785, Hummel played in public, when ten years ;
died in Paris, Oct. 4, 1852. Dramatic com- old, Hummels 2d

Concerto in C, which
poser, pupil of Catel at the Conservatoire, was composed for him. In 1814 he trav-
Paris ; he became kettle-drummer at the elled in Italy and Austria, became maestro
Opera, and in the royal chapel in 1815, and di cappella to the Duchess of Lucca the
chef de chant at the Opera in 1823, He following year, and returned to Vienna in
was appointed professor of solfege at the 1820. In 1823 he made a concert tour in
Conservatoire in 1807, was put in charge of Russia, where he married the singer. Sophie
the male chonis class in 1831, and retired dair Occa and, after travelling in Italy and
in 1851. Works — Ballets : Proserpine, giv- Germany, returned to St. Petersburg, where
327
:
SClIOBEPtT
Mme Scboberlechner was engaged in 1827- Grill,and ensemble and conducting under
30 at the Italian Opera. After a few more Henry Schradieck. In 1878-79 he studied
years of wandering, lie retired to bis villa composition in Weimar with Eduard Las-
near Florence. Works Operas I virtuosi— : sen. Li 1879, after a concert tour through
teatrali, Florence, 1816 Gli Arabi nelle ; northern Germany, he returned to America
Gallic, Lucca, about 1819 Der junge On- ; and settled in Chicago, where he has con-
kel, Vienna, about 1820 II barone di Dolz-
; ducted several musical societies, is one of
lieim, St. Petersburg, about 1828 Rossane, ; the faculty of the Hershey School of Music,
Milan, 1839. Requiem Overture for or- ; engaged in teaching theory, compo- and is
cliestra ; Themes and orchestration. Works Salvum

varies for jîanoforto and sition, :
orcliestra String quartet Trio for piano- fac regem, for chorus and orchestra, given
; ;
forte, violin, and violoncello Sonata for in the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, 1878
; Alle- ;
pianoforte, and flute or violin. —

Wurzbach gretto scherzando, for three violins and ;
Eicmann Mendel Fetis.

; ; viola, ib., 1878 Pastorale, sonata for j)i- ;
SCHOBERT (not Scliubart), German anoforte and violin, 1879 Easter Idyl, can- ;
composer of the 18tli century, born in tata, for soli, chorus, and orchestra, honor-
Strasburg in 1720, died in Paris, August, able mention at Cincinnati Festival Gypsy ;
1767. Pianist was for a short time or- melodies, for orchestra
; Suite for string ;
ganist at Versailles, and in 1760 became orchestra Overture with Liberty Hymn, ;
chamber virtuoso to the Prince de Conti. given at the Silngerfest, Milwaukee, 1886 ;
He died suddenly from eating poison mush- Air, Gavotte, and Musette, given by the
rooms. Works 6 concertos for pianoforte
: Thomas orchestra, Chicago, 1889 Piano-
;
;
6 trios symphonies for do., violin, and 2 forte compositions; Songs, etc.
horns Quartets for pianoforte and strings
;
SCHOENFELD, CARL, German flutist, ;
Trios for do. Sonatas for pianoforte and and chamber musician to the Duke of Meck-
;
violin do., for pianoforte solo.

; Fetis —
lenburg was called to Copenhagen in 1812
; ;
Mendel. as CajDelmester of the German opera.

SCHOENEFELD, HENRY, born, of Ger- Works : Hermann und Dorothea, opera,
man parentage. Neu-Strelitz, 1832 ; Fridolin ; Several oper-
in Milwaukee, Wis- ettas ; Duos, solos, variations, etc., for flute.
consin, Oct. 4, 1856, SCHOLTZ, HERRMANN, born at Bres-
still living, 18 9 0. lau, June 9, 1845,
Pianist and com- still living, 1890. Pi-
poser, pupil of his anist, pupil of Brosig,
father (Christian and of von Biilow and
Friedrich Schoene- Rheinberger, at the
feld, 1815-86, vio- royal school of music
loncellist, who in Munich, where he
studied in Weimar), was instructor six
and later, in vio- years. In 1875 he
lin, pianoforte, and harmony, of his brother settled at Dresden,
Tlieodor (1840-81, violinist, pupil of Jo- where in 1880 he was
achim). When eighteen years old he en- made royal chamber virtuoso. Works
tered the Leipsic Conservatorium, where Concerto for pianoforte Trio for do. and ;
he studied pianoforte under Papperitz, vio- stx'ings Sonata, lyric pieces, etc., for piano- ;
lin under Friedrich Hermann, musical the- forte. Riemann. —

ory under Richter, composition and instru- SCHOLZ, E., born at BERNHARD
mentation under Carl Reiuecke and Leo Mainz, March 30. 1835, still living, 1890.
328
SCIION
Dramatic composer, pupil of Ei-nst Pauer on The work is wi-itten for two solo parts and
the pianoforte, and of Dehn in theory be- five short choruses, and the air, "The ;
came instructor at the Campbells are coming," is introduced into

royal school of music, the finale with ellect. Full score published
Munich, in 1856, was by Cranz (Bremen, 1870) pianoforte score ;
Hof - Kapellmeister at by Aug. Horn.— Upton, Standard Cantatas,

Hanover in 1859-65, [
93 ; Neue Zeit.schr., Ixiv. 2.
then visited Florence, SCHON, MORITZ, born at KrOnau, :Mo-
I
and lived in Berlin ravia, in 1808, died at Breslau, April 8,

until 1871, when he 1885. Violinist, pupil of Lubmann at
was called to Breslau Drehnau, where he had become chamber
as conductor of the musician to the Princess Lynar at the age
^
orchestral society. In of fifteen, then in Berlin pupil of Mi'.ser and
1883 he succeeded Raflf as director of Hoch's Hubert Ries, at Brunswick of Karl MiiUer,
Conservatorium at Frankfort, on which oc- and at Casscl of Spohr. After concert tours
casion the university of Breslau conferred in Germany and Holland, he settled at Bres-
on him the degree of Ph.D. Shortly after lau, where he was Kapellmeister of the thea-
he was made royal professor. Since 1884 tre in 1835-41, then founded a school for
he has been also conductor of Eiihl's sing- violin. He has composed duets, otiules,
ing society. —
"Works Operas Carlo Rosa, and other instructive works for the violin.
:
Munich, 1858 Ziethen'sche Husaren, Bres-

; Mendel. —
lau, 1869 Morgiane, Munich, 1870 Golo
; SCHON ROTRAUT, German opera, text
;
(Genovefa), Nuremberg, 1875 Der Trom- by Johanna Balz, music by Edmund

;
peter von Siikkingen, Wiesbaden, 1877 Ki-etschmer, rei^resented at Dresden, Nov. ;
Die vornehmeu Wirthe, Leipsic, 1883. Das 6, 1887. The libretto is founded on the
Siegesfest, for soli, chorus, and orchestra legend of King Ringang's daughter. ; The
Requiem ; Overture to Goethe's lishigenia opera was well received.
auf Tauris ; Ira Freien, Conzertstiick in SCHONE ]MELL'SINE, DIE, overture in
Form einer Ouvertiire ; Symphony ; Ca- F, b}' Mendelssohn, op. 32, first given in
priccio for pianoforte, with orchestra ; Ca- Diisseldorf in July, 1834. The subject is
priccioso all'Ungarese, for violoncello (or the legend of the fair Melusine, the water-
violin), with orchesti'a Quintet for piano- nymph, who became the bride of Count
;
forte and strings ; Trio for do. ;

Quintet Lusignan. It was first given in Leipsic,
for strings ; 2 quartets for do. ; Pianoforte Nov. 23, 1835 ; in Berlin in 1837 ; and in
pieces, and songs. — Riemann. New York by the Philharmonic Society in
SCHON ELLEN (Fair Ellen), cantata for the season of 1844-45. Full score and piano-
soli, chorus, and orchestra, by Max Bruch, forte arrangement for four hands, published
op. 24, first given in Cologne, Jan. 25, 1870. by Breitkopf & Hilrtel (Leipsic, 1836) for ;
The theme is an incident of the defence of pianoforte for two hands by Czerny (ib.,
Lucknow during the Sepoy rebellion of 1836). Breitkopf ct Hiirtel, ]\[cndelss()hn
1857, when Sir Henry Lawrence, having "Werke, Scrie ii., No. 5. AUgem. mu.^. Zoitg., —
failed to quell the mutiny, was roused to xxxviii. 154, 317 Neue Zeitschr., v. 7. ;
fresh courage by the Scottish girl, Jessie SCHONE MULLEKIN, DIE(TIic Beauti-
Brown, who heard the slogan of the Mac- ful Miller-Maid), a cycle of songs for one
Gregors in the distance, and declared that voice with pianoforte acconipaniniont, by
the Highlanders were coming to the rescue. Schubert, op. 25, on "Wilhclm Midler's
In the cantata the characters are changed songs " Die sehOne MiiUerin," contained in
to Fair Ellen (S.), and Lord Edward (Bar.). vol. I. of his "Gedichte aus dem liinterlas-
829
;
SCHOXEBECK
seneu Papieren eines reisenden Waldhornis- for clarinet, and one for horn. Fetis ; Men- —
ten (Desscau, 1821). The music to these del Schilling. ;
songs was composed iu 1823 aud dedicated SCHONFELD, HERIÎANN, born at Bres-
to Carlvon Schonstein. Heft I. I. Das Wan- lau, Jan. 31, 1829, still living, 1890. In- :
deru n. Wohiu ? in. Halt IV. Danksa- strumental and vocal composer, pupil of Ju-
; ; ;
gung an den Bach. Heft H. V. Am Feier- lius Seidel is royal music director, and : ;
abend YI. Der Neugierige

;
YLI. Unge- cantor of St. Mary Magdalen's church at ;
duld yni.
;
Morgeugruss IX. Des Mullers Breslau. Works 4 church cantatas Mo-
: : ;
Blumen. Heft HI. X. Thrilnenregeu XI. tets Psalms for mixed chorus 3 concert
: ; ; ;
Mein XII. Pause. Heft IV. XIH. Mit dem overtures Symphony Trio for pianoforte
; : ; ;
griinen Lautcubaude XIV. Der Jiiger aud strings Sonata for violin Organ mu-
; ; ; ;
XV. Eifersucht und Stolz XVI Die Hebe sic, chorals, etc. Riemann. ;
—
Farbe. Heft V. XVH. Die bOse Farbe : SCHOOLMASTER, THE, symphony for
XVm. Trockne Blumen XIX. Der Mid- ; orchestra, iu E-flat, written by Haydn in
ler und der Bach XX. Des Baches Wie- ;
Adagio HI. 1777. I. Allegro di molto ; II. ;
genlied. Published by Sauer & Leides- Menuetto; IV. Finale, presto. Published
dorf (Vienna, 1824). Schubert wrote an by Simrock.
Introduction and Variations for the piano- SCHOPFUNG, DIE (The Creation), ora-
forte on the Theme of "Ti'ockne Blumen," torio in three parts, text by Lidley or Lid-
in 1824. Transcription by Franz Liszt for dell, music by Joseph Haydn, first per-
the pianoforte of Das Wandern Der Midler formed in private at the Schwartzenberg ;
und der Bach Der Jiiger Die buse Farbe Palace, Vienna, April 29, 1798.. The li-
; ; ;
"Wohin ?, and Ungeduld, published by bretto, made originally for Handel, was se-
—
Schreiber (Vienna). Nottebohm, Verzeich- lected from Genesis and Paradise Lost.
uiss, 33 Kreissle von Hellboru (Coleridge), Salomon, Haydn's manager in London, sug-
;
Schubert, i. 185 Hanslick, Concertwesen in gested it as a theme for an oratorio, and

;
Wien, ii. 213 Waldersee, Sammlung mu- the composer took it to Vienna, where
;
sikalischer Vortriige, ii. 99. Baron von Swieten, the Emperor's libra-
SCHOXEBECK, CARL SIGISMUND, rian, translated it into German with addi-
born at Brandenburg, Prussia,
Liibben, tions and modifications. The music was
Oct. 2G, 1758, died in the beginning of the written from 1796 to April, 1798. The
19th century. Virtuoso on the violoncello, first public performance was given at the
pupil in Dresden of Tricklir previously ;

Nationaltheater, Vienna, March 19, 1799.
was Conzertmeister to Count Dohna at It won an immediate success and was soon
Kozenau, Silesia, in 1787-91 to the Duke of given all over Europe. Haydn's last ap-
Curland, at Sagan, and iu 1791-93 to Count pearance in public was at a performance of
Truchsess at "Waldenburg, Prussia, then the Creation, given in Italian under the di-
member of the theatre orchestra at Kunigs- rection of Salieri, March 27, 1808, in the
berg. He retired in 1798 to his native place, University Hall, Vienna. He was received
and in 1800 made a concert tour in Ger- with a flourish of trumpets and by joyous
many. Works: Der Wunderigel, opera, shouts, and was so overcome that he broke
Kunigsberg, 1778; Der Kuster im Stroh, down and was obliged to leave at the close
do. 3 concertos for violoncello Concerto of the first part. First performance iu Lou- ;
for bassoon 3 quartets for flute aud don, Covent Garden, March 28, 1800
; in ;
strings; 3 duos for viola and violoncello; Paris, Dec. 24, 1800 iu Berlin, in 1815 ; ;
3 do. for 2 violoncellos Duos concertants in Boston, Handel and Haydn Society, Feb.
;
for 2 violas. He left in manuscript several 16, 1819, and by the Oratorio Society of
concertos for violoncello 2 do. for flute, 2 New York in 1877.
; Published originally
380
;;
SCIIOPP
in Vienna, 1800, in score, with German and
Benedictine monk, Kapellmeister century.
English words. — Grove, i. monastery at Andechs, Bavaria.
415, 71-1 ; ii. 551 ;
of the
Townsend, Haydn, 111 Cilcilia, x. 52, 241 Works Misspc VIH. solemnes in tertio ste-
;
; :
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xi. 705 Hanshck, Cou- culo, etc. (Augsburg, 1756)
; Sacrificium ;
certwesen in Wien, ii. 3 Upton, Standard matutinum seu Misste VL breves, etc. (ib.,
;
Oratorios, 1G2. 1763) ; Sacrificium vespertinum, etc. (ib.,

SCHOPP (Schoope), JOHANN, born in 1766).—Futis ; Mendel.
Hamburg, beginning of the 17th century, SCHRODER, ALBERT, born at Erms-
died (?). Violinist, lived at Hamburg un- leben, near Eisleben, Prussian Saxony,
tilabout 1C42, then seems to have settled April 8, 1829, still living, 1890. Organist,
at Luneburg. Works Neue Paduanen, : pupil of Rungeidiagen and A. W. Bach, in
Galliarden, Allemanden, etc. (Hamburg, Berlin ; royal music director at Quedliu-
1633, IGIO) Dx*eissig deutsche Concerte (ib.,
; burg, since 1856. Works Der Zauber- :
IGi-l) Johann Ristens himmlische Lieder

; riug, opera Columbus, cantata for male
;
mitMelodien (Luneburg, 1641, 1652, 1658) chorus Songs. ;
Johann Ristens frommer und gottseliger SCHRODER, KARL, born at Endorf, in

Christen alltiigliche Hausmusik, etc. (ib., the Harz, May 1, 1823, died there, Feb. 4,
1654) Philipp von Zesens dichterischen 1850. Dramatic composer, pupil of Sie-
;
Jugend- und Liebes-Flammen, etc. (Ham- beck at Eisleben, and of Marx in Berlin.
burg, 1651) Jac. Schwiegers Fliichtige Works
; Die Walpurgisnacht, and Pizarro, :
Feldrosen (ib., 1655).— Fetis Mendel. oder die Eroberung von Peru, operas, Ber-
;
SCHRADIECK, HENRY, born at Ham- lin, 1847. Pianoforte music, and songs.
burg, April 29, 1846, still living, 1890. —Mendel.
Violinist, first instructed by his father, then SCHRODER, KARL, born at Quedlin-
pupil of Leonard at the Brussels Conserv- burg, Prussian Sax-
atoire, and at Leipsic (1859-61) of David. ony, Dec. 18, 1848,
He was Conzertmeister at Bremen in 1863- still living, 1890. Vi-
64, instructor at the Conservatorium in oloncellist, pupil of
Moscow in 1864-68, then Conzertmeister of Drechsler at Dessau ;
the Philharmonic Hamburg, became a member of

concerts in
and in 1874-82 of the Gewandhaus orches- the court orchestra at
tra in Leij)sic, where he also taught at the Sondershausen when
Conservatorium, until called to Cincinnati, only fourteen, organ-
in 1883. Works Quartet for strings So- ized a travelling quar-
: ;
nata for pianoforte and violin Soli for vio- tet with his father ;
lin ; Etudes for do. —Mendel ; Riemann. and two brothers, be-
SCHREYER, CHRISTIAN HEINRICH, came first violoncellist in the court orches-
born in Dresden, Dec. 24, 1751, died there, tra at Brunswick, in 1873, and in the Ge-
in 1822. Instrumental and vocal composer, wandhaus orchestra at Leipsic in 1874.
self-taught, studied theology at Wittenberg He was instructor also at the Conserva-
in 1771-76, and after his return to Dres- torium there, and thence undertook several
den taught music. Works Two oratorios : concert tours. In 1881 he succeeded Erd-
About 30 cantatas and hymns, with orches- mannsdorfer as Hof-Kapellmcistcr at Son-
tra More than 300 songs 6 symphonies
; ; ;
dershausen, where he founded a Conser-
12 marches, and dances Sonatas for piano- ;
vatorium. In 1886 he sold it to Adolf
forte, etc. — Fetis ; Schilling. Schullze, then was for one season kapcl-
SCHREYER, Pater meester of the German opera at Rotterdam,
GREGOR, German
composer of about the middle of the 18th and since that at the royal opera in Berlin.
331
SCHROTER
He has published Heinrich (born 1762), a violinist, also settled
a concerto, caprices,
etudes, and a method for in London in 1782 he published duos for
violoncello. His ;
brother Hermann (born at Quedliuburg, violin and flute, and for viohn and violon-
July 28, 18i2), a violinist, established a cello. His sister Corona (1748-1802) was
musical institute in Berlin, in 1873, and a celebrated singer, engaged at Weimar
has composed overtures, string quartets, from 1778. Fetis Mendel Schilling. — ; ;
and songs. — Mendel ; Eiemann. SCHUBART, (CHRISTIAN FRIED-

8CHK0TER, CHRISTOPH GOTTLIEB, RICH) D.ANIEL, born at Ober-Southeim,
born at Hohensteiu, Saxony, WiU-temberg, March 24, 1739, died at Stutt-
Aug. 10, 1G99,
died at Nordhausen in November, 1782. gart, Oct. 10, 1791. The German poet, who,
Organist, chorister under Kapellmeister during his imprisonment at Hohenasperg
Schmidt in Dresden then ^Vlumuus in the in 1777-87, not only wrote on music, but
;
Kreuzschule. He began in 1717 the study also composed. After his liberation he was
of theology in Lcipsic, but soon gave it up made director of the theatre and court poet,
and became Lotti's copyist in Dresden. but his long captivity had broken his con-
He travelled in Germany, Holland, and stitution and he survived only four years.
England, in the service of a music-loving Works Die gliicklichen Reisenden, ope- :
baron until 1724, when he wrote and lec- retta Eva's Ivlage bei des Messias Tod, ;
tured on music at the University of Jena melodrama Die Henne, cantata Die ; ; ;
became organist at Minden in 1726, and at Macht der Tonkuust, do. Hirteulied ; ;
Nordhausen in 1732. Works Seven sets Songs Meuuet Rondo Pianoforte jjieces.
: ; ; ;
of music for the entire church year 4 sets His Ideen zu einer Aesthetik der Tonkunst,
;
of Passion music Die sieben Worte Jesu, were published by his sou Ludwig (Vienna,
;
Passion music to his own words Music for 1806). Schubart's Leben uud Gesiunungen
; —
weddings, funerals, and festivals, often with (Stuttgart, 1791-99).
words of his own Cantatas and serenades
; SCHUBERT, FERDINAND, born in Vi- ;
Many concertos, overtures, symphonies, and enna, Oct. 18 or 19, 1794, died there, Feb.
sonatas for all instruments, but particularly 26 or 28, 1859. Brother of Franz (Peter)
for pianoforte Fugues and choral-preludes Schubert pupil of his father on the violin,
;
;
for organ. He was author of Epistola gi-a- of his eldest brother Iguaz on the piano-
tulatoria de Musica Davidica et Salomonica forte, and of Michael Holzer in singing, on
(Dresden, 171G) Deutliche Anweisung zum the organ, and in theory. He was two years
;
Generalbass (Halberstadt, Letzte in the Normal School of St. Anna, and as-
1772) ;
Beschiiftigung mit musikalischen Dingen, sistant in his father's school at Lichtenthal

etc. (1782). Critical articles in Mitzler's in 1809 was assistant and instructor at the ;
Bibliothek, and Marpurg's Kritische Briefe. Orphan House, Vienna, in 1810-20, then for
— Biemaun ; Mendel ; Schilling ; Fetis ;
four years choir-master at Altlerchenfeld,
Gerber. and was appointed in 1824 instructor, and
SCHROTER, JOHANN SAMUEL, born in 1851 director, of the Normal School of
in Warsaw in 1750, died in London, Nov. 2, St. Anna. In 1834 he became professor of
1788. Pianist, made a concert tour in Hol- organ at the Couservatorium. He was en-
land when only seventeen in 1774 went tirely devoted to his distinguished brother,
;
to London, where he was an organist and and in his concerts is said to have in-
teacher, but afterwards became chamber troduced only the latter's compositions.
pianist to the Prince of Wales. Works Works Der kleine Schadenfroh, Die Ah- : :
15 concertos for pianoforte ; 3 quintets renleseriun, operas for childi-en, 1825-30; 3

for do. and strings ; 8 trios for do. ; 6 so- masses ; 3 Requiems ; 2 Regina coeli ; Ger-
natas for pianoforte. His brother Johann man Requiem ; Several Salve Regina ; Mo-
332
SCHUBERT
tets Gradual Offertory March aud trio after his mother's death in 1812, his father
; ; ; ;
Pianoforte music ; —
4 Waisenlieder. All- married Anna IvlayenbOk, by whom he had
. gem. Wiener mus. Zeitg. (1842), No. 16 five more children, of whom three grew up.
;
Heindl, Gallerie (Munich, 1859), ii. 398 N. Franz was taught the violin by his father,
;
Wiener mus. Zeitg. (1859), No. 13 Wm-z- and the pianoforte by his eldest brother,
;
bach. Ignaz but he soon outgrew home teaching

;
SCHUBERT, FRANZ, born in Dresden, and was put under Michael Holzer, choir-
July 22, 1808, died there, April 12, 1878. master of the parish, for violin, pianoforte,
Violinist, son and jiupil of the following, organ, singing, and thorough-bass. His
and pupil of Rottmeier, Haase, and in Paris rapid progress, or rather his instinctively
(1831-33) of Lafont. In 1837 he was made knowing beforehand what was taught him,
Vize-Conzertmeister, in 1847 second, and was an unceasing delight to his teacher.
in 1861 first Conzertmeister in the royal He was first soprano in the Lichtenthal
orchestra. He retired in 1873. Works: choir before he was eleven, and would also
Fantasia for violin with orchestra Duo play violin solos in church, besides compos-
;
for pianoforte and violin 2 duos concer- ing songs or small instrumental pieces at
;
tants for violin aud violoncello 9 etudes home.

; In October, 1808, he was sent to
for violin. —
Mendel. the preparatory school for singers in the
SCHUBERT, FRANZ ANTON, born in Hofkapelle. There Avas an orchestra formed
Dresden, July 20, 1768, died there, March from the boys at the school, in which Schu-
5, 1824. Church composer, entered the bert rose to the position of first -v-iolin he ;
electoral orchestra as a double-bass player kept up comjiosiug, too, by himself, aud

in 1786, became Kapellmeister at the Ital- gradually in larger and larger forms, until
ian opera in 1807, aud was appointed royal in 1813 he wrote his first symphony. He*
church composer in 1814. He composed was now sixteen, and his time at the school
many works for the Catholic service in the was up his standing in music was very
;
court chapel, cantatas, songs, etc. —

Mendel. high, but correspondingly low in other de-
SCHUBERT, FRANZ (PETER), born partments but the Emperor registered a ;
in Vienna, Jan. 31, special decision in his favour, October 21,

1797^ died there, assuring him a foundation scholarship if ho
^W'-
I^^19, 1828. The would study enough in vacation to pass an
family came origi- examination. But this he never did, aud his
nally from Zuck- connection with the school ceased. He
mantel, in Austrian had been the id^l of the more musical of
Silesia. His grand- his fellow-scholars, and even after he left
father was a peasant the institution, the school orchestra wouk?
at Neudorf, in Mora- play his compositions. He had already
via, and his father studied a good deal of Haydn and Mozart,
(born there about and some of Beethoven by himself, and
1764) went to Vienna to study, and became now began to study Gluck's scores and
assistant teacher at a school kept by his those of Beethoven's greater works but ;
brother in the Leopoldstadt in 1784, school- Mozart remained his ideal for some time.
master in the Lichtenthal in 1786, and in To avoid military conscription he attended

1817 or 1818 master of the parish school in the Normal School of St. Anna a few
the Rossau district. His mother, Elisabeth months, to fit himself for teaching tho
Vitz (or Fitz), was a cook in Vienna. Franz elementary class in his father's school in
was the youngest but one of fourteen chil- the Lichtenthal. He taught there three
dren, of whom nine died in infancy. But, years, during which lime lie composed,
SCIIUBEIIT
among other things, his first mass (1814), and the winter in Vienna, and earned
which so delighted Salieri, who had inter- enough to make a trip through Upper
ested himself in him at the school, that he Austi'ia, in the summer of 1819, with his
claimed him as his own pupil, and con- friend Vogl, the famous singer. On Feb.
tinued giving him daily lessons for some 28, 1819, his setting of Goethe's " Schiifer's
—
time lessons which jn-obably did not Klagelied " was sung at a concert by Jiiger,
amount to much. In the same year he the first time a work of his had been given
also wrote his first opera, Des Teufels Lust- in public. But through Vogl's influence
schloss. Just before 1815 he made the ac- the attention of managers was attracted to
quaintance of the poet Mayrhofer, several him, and on June 14, 1820, his Zwillings-
of whose poems he set to music. With the brtider was given at the Kiirnthnerthor
year 1815 began his remarkable and al- Theater. But Schubert took so little in-
most uuintermittent activity as a composer. terest in the occasion that he did not even
Some idea of his phenomenal fertility at stay in the theatre to the end of the perform-
this period of his life may be formed from ance. On his twenty-fifth birthday (1821)
the fact that in 1815 he wrote 195 composi- he received three flattering testimonials :
tions —mostly songs, but comjirising also one from Court Secretary Mosel one from
;
four oiêrettas, a grand opera, Adrast, a Weigl, Director of the Hofoper, Salieri, and
symphony, and several other larger works ;
von Eichthal and one from Moritz, Count
;
in 1816, 132 compositions, and in 1817, Dietrichstein. Although at this e^rly age
G9. In 181G he applied for the post of di- he had written G2G works, he was almost
rector of the new government music school unknown to the Viennese public, but now
at Laybach, near Trieste, but his appli- his friends of one accord made a supreme
cation was rejected. In order, however, efibrt to push him into public notice the ;
that he might give his whole time to com- result was the publication of his Erlkunig,
position, he gave up teaching at his father's and eighteen other songs, by Cappi and
school, and took rooms in Vienna, in com- Diabelli on commission, before the year
pany with Franz von Schober, a young man was out. The success of this venture was
of good birth, whose acquaintance he had such that the commission plan was dropjDed
made in Linz, and who had come to Vienna for the future, and Diabelli consented to
to enter the University. He began to give assume the whole risk of subsequent jjub-
a few lessons, but soon gave them uj). He lications. Early in 1822 he made the ac-^
also made sevei'al influential friends, who quaintance of Weber, who had come to
were, one and anxious to help him but,
all, ; Vienna to arrange for the production of
although naturally very lovable, he was a Euryanthe he already knew Beethoven,
;
true man of the people and could never but only slightly, and had hardly spoken
get on very well in polite society. In 1817 with him. But on April 19, 1822, he pub-
he first heard some of Kossini's operas, lished a set of variations dedicated to Beet-
the melodiousness and spirit of which he hoven, and called with Diabelli to present
much admired. How he managed to live a copy to the gx'eat man in person. They
at this time no one can tell. He lived only found Beethoven and Schindler together,
a few months in von Schober's lodgings and the former in very good humor but ;
(probably at the latter's expense), he had Beethoven was then so deaf that all con-
no money of bis own, and made next to versation with him had to be carried on
nothing by teaching, or by his composi- through paper and pencil, which circum-
tions. In 1818 he became music teacher stance had such an effect upon Schubert's
to the family of Count Johann Eszterhazy, bashfulness that, at Beethoven's first re-
passing the summer at Zelcsz, in Hungary, mark about something in the variations, he
S34
SCHL^HEET
<«^^
886
;
SCHUBERT
lost his head, and rushed from theroom bearers at Beethoven's funeral. In the
and house But Beethoven liked
in terror. autumn he went to Gratz, tospend a few
the variations, and often played them with weeks at the house of a friend, but was
his nei^hew. Both this and the next year soon back in Vienna again, hard at work
had their disappointments his opera Al-: as ever. On March 26, 1828, he gave his
fonso und Estrella was refused every- first public concert of compositions by him-
where, and the performance of Rosamunde self, which netted 800 Gulden (about UGO) ;
at the Theater an der Wien, Dec. 20, 1823, but this did not last him long, and he gave
was but a feeble consolation. In 1824 his up an intended trip to Styria for lack of
FieiTabras, which was ordered of him by means. His health had been wretched for
BiU'baja, was returned to him, rejected. some years, but in November, 1828, it
Soon after this blow he
town with the
left
Eszterhazys for six months at Zelezs. His
health had not been good, but this sojourn
in the country quite restored him. He now
gave up vocal composition almost wholly.
In the spring of 1825 he and Vogl made a
second jDleasure trip through Upper Aus-
tria,he returning to Vienna in the summer,
after his money had given out. By 1826
his songs were in good demand, as well as
some of his pianoforte music, and, in Vi-
enna at least, he may be said to have en-
joyed a fair popularity, which, however,
hardly consoled him for the almost utter
neglect with which his larger works were
still treated. In the autumn of 1826 he
ajiplied for the position of Vize-Kapellmei-
ster to the Court, but without success, the
j)Ost being given to Weigl in January, 1827
and some efforts made to secure for him
the conductorship at the Hoftheater in
Hamburg also failed. On the other hand,
his Gastein-symphony was accepted by the
Musik-Verein, and a sum of money given
him for it, but the work was not performed. Schubert's Tomb.
Probst and Breitkopf & Hiirtel, of Leij^sic,

began to make overtures to him about pub- took a turn for the worse, and by the 14 th
lishing some of his works, which shows he was dangerously ill in bed, but still kept
that his fame was already passing the on working. The doctors feared nervous
boundaries of Austria. In this year came fever, but on the 17th typhus set in, and
Beethoven's last illness shortly before his he died two days later.
; The funeral was
death, Schindler showed him some fifty or on the 21st at the church of St. Joseph in
sixty of Schubert's songs, which filled him Margarethen, and he was buried in tlie
with such admiration that Schubert, hear- Ortsfriedhof in Wiihring, " three places
ing of it, made bold to call on him once higher up than Beethoven." Of all the
more, and was very affectionately received. really great geniuses in German music
Three weeks later, he was one of the torch- Schubert probably had the most imperfect
SCHUBERT
musical training ; indeed, the very bril- worthy and able to follow his lead : Schu-
liancy of his genius seems to have dazed mann and Robert Franz.
all from old Holzer in
his teachers, for, —
>Vorks L Dramatic Des Teufels Lust- :
his native parish, to Euziczka and Salieri schloss, operetta, 3 acts (written 1814, not
at the Conviktschule, they seemed to con- given, MS.) Der vierjiihrige Posten, Sing-;
tent themselves with giving advice instead spiel, 1 act (181-4, not given, MS.) Fer-
;
of regular, methodical instruction, and from nando, do., ]» act (1815, not given, MS.) ;
first he never had any training in

to last Claudine von Villabella, do., fragment, 3
counterpoint at all. It was only three acts (1815, MS.) Der Spierjelritlcr, oper- ;
weeks before his death that he made ar- etta, 3 acts (1815, not given, MS.) ; Adrast,
rangements to take his first lessons in opera fragment (1815, MS.) Die Freunde ;
counterpoint from Simon Sechter, being von Salamanca, Singspiel, 2 acts (1815, not
incited thereto by the perusal of some given, MS.) ; Die Burgschaft, opera frag-
scores of Handel's, which seem to have ment, 3 acts (1816, MS.) Die ZiriUings- ;
first given him a realizing sense of his own not given, piano-
brilder, farce, 1 act (1819,
shortcomings in this particular. As far as forte score, Leipsic, Peters) Die Zauber- ;
he had mastered the higher forms of com- harfe, melodrama, 3 Vienna, Aug. 19,
acts,
position, he was practically his own teacher, 1820 ; Sakontala, opera fragment, 3 acts
and his mastery over them is thus doubly (written 1820, MS.) ; Alfonso und Estrella,
wonderful. This lack of contrapuntal train- opera, 3 acts, op. 69, Weimar, 1854 ; Die
ing had for one of its results, that he never Verschworenen, oder der hiiusliche Krieg,
could be brought to associate laborious operetta, 1 act, Vienna, 1861 ; Fierrahras,
work with the process of composition ;
opera, 3 acts, ib., 1861 ; liosamunde, drama
shortly after Beethoven's death his friends with music, 4 acts, ib., Dec. 20, 1823 Der ;
prevailed upon him to study the various Graf von Gleicheu, dpera, 3 acts (1827, MS.
MS. scores of Fidelio, to see by what an sketch in score) Die Salzbergwerke, opera ;
arduous process of self-criticism and correc- (MS. sketch in score) Der Minnesiinger, ;
tion this most laborious of all composers Singspiel (MS.).

obtained his grandest results ; the study, H. Cantatas : Cantata for his father's
however, made an unfavourable impression birthday, 3 male voices and guitar (written
upon Schubert, and he declared that he 1813, MS.) ; Auf den Sieg der Deutschcn,
never could bring himself to work over soprano, 2 violins, and violoncello (1813,
music in that way. His constant habit of MS.) Cantata for his father's birthday, 4
;
composing everything in obedience to the voices and orchestra (1815, MS.) Prome- ;
first impulse, often led him to great pro- theus (1816, MS.) Cantata for Salieri's ju- ;
lixity, and in some of his larger instru- bilee (1816, MS.) do. for Spcndou (1816, ;
mental works he shows himself the most MS.) Auguste jam coelestium, soprano,
;
diffuse of all the gi-eat composers. Had he alto, and orch; (1816, MS.) Lazarus, frag- ;
been spared to study, as he intended to, ment, voices, and orch. (Vienna, Spina,
there is no knowing to what splendid 1866) Gesang der Geister, 8 male voices
;
heights he might have risen in every form and strings, op. 167 Riidiger's Hcimkehr, ;
of composition ;q^ it is, his wonderful tenor, chorus, and orch. (Spina) Constitu- ;
genius has shown itself as distinctly epoch- tionslied, 4 male voices and orch., op. 157 ;
making only in one form, that of the Lied. Morgengesang, do. (Spina) Nachtgcsang ;
He may be said to have established the im Walde, 4 male voices and horns, op.
form of the German Lied he was the first 139 u.
;
great song-writer, and has had only two HI. Sacred Works 6 INIasses No. : : 1, in
successors who have shown themselves fully F (pianoforte score, Augener) No. 2. ;
in G
.337
;;; ;;;;
SCHUBERT
(do., Novello, Peters) ; No. 3, in B-flat, op. songs, op. 3-8 (Der Wanderer, op. 4) ; 3
141 (do.) ; No. 4. iu C, op. 48 (do.) ;
No. 5, Gesiinge des Harfners aus ^Yilhelm Meister,
in A-flat (full and pianoforte scores, Scbrei- op. 12 ; 22 songs, op. 12-14, 19-24 ; Die
ber) ; No. 6, in E-flat (do., Eieter-Bieder- schone Miillerin (20 songs), op. 25 Sulei-
;
manu) Stabat Mater, 4 voices and orcli., kas erster Gesang, op. 31
;
; Die Forelle,
in G minor (1815, MS.) Salve Kegina, so- op. 32 4 songs, op. 36, 37 Der Liedler, ; ; ;
prano and orch., op. 47 Stabat Mater, 4 op. 38 Sebnsuclit (after Scbiller, second ; ;
voices and orck, in F minor (181G, MS.) setting), op. 39 Der Einsame, op. 41 2 ; ; ;
Antiphons for Palm Sunday, 4 voices and songs, op. 43 An die untergebende Sonne, ;
organ, op. 113 Requiem in E-flat (181G, op. 44 Tantum ergo (see under sacred
;
;
MS. fragment) Tantum ergo, 4 voices and works), op. 45 Offertorium No. 1 (Totus
; ;
orcb., in C (1816, MS.) Magnificat, do., in in corde), op. 46 Do. No. 2 (Salve Eegina), ; ;
C (1816, MS.) Beuedictus es, do., in C, op. op. 47 7 Gesiinge aus Walter Scott's Friiu-
; ;
150 Salve Regina, do., in F (Haslinger)

;
lein vom See, op. 52 15 songs, op. 56-60 ; ; ;
do.,4 voices and organ, op. 149 do., do. 4 Gesiinge aus AVilbelm Meister, op. 62 3 ; ;
(MS.) do., soprano and strings, in A, op. songs, op. 65 Der Wachtelschlag, op. 68
; ; ;
153 Deutsclie Messe, 4 voices and wind, Drang in die Feme, op. 71
; Auf dem ;
in F (Gotthardt) do., in A-flat (Spina) Wasser zu singen (Barcarolle), op. 72 Die

; ;
Tantum ergo, 4 voices and orch., op. 45 Rose, ojj. 73 15 songs, op. 79-81, 83, 85 ; ;
Herr unser Gott, 8 male voices and wind, Richard Lowenberz, op. 86 7 songs, op. ;
op. 154. 87, 88; Winterreise (24 songs), op. 89; 5

IV. Part songs, A, for mixed voices : Der songs, op. 92, 93 4 Refrainlieder, op. 95 ; ;
Hochzeitsbraten, op. 104 ; 3 for 4 voices and 4 songs, op. 96 Glaube, Hoffnung und ;
pianoforte, op. 112 ; Gebet, for do., op. Liebe, op. 97 18 songs, op. 98, 101, 105,
;
139 A ; Des Tages Weihe, for do., op. 146 ;

106, 108, 109 Der Kampf, op. 110 6 ; ;
4 for 4 voices and pianoforte, in 9 Ge- songs, op. Ill, 115 Die Erwartung, op. ;
siinge. B, for male voices 3 for 4 voices 116 : Der Siinger, op. 117 6 songs, op.
; ;
and pianoforte, op. 11 2 foiy4 voices, op. 118 ; Auf dem Strom, op. 119 Viola, op.
; ;
16 4 do., op. 17 Der Gonifelfalirer, for 5 123

; ; 2 scenes from Lacrima.% op. 124 Ein
; ;
voices and pianoforte, op. 28 ; 1 for 4 voices Friivdein scbaut, op. 126 Der Hirt auf ;
and do., in op. 52 ; 3 for 4 voices, op. 64 dem Felsen, op. 129 Das Echo, op. 130 ;
1 for 1 and 4 voices, in op. 81 ; Mond- Offertorium No. 3 (Salve

3 songs, op. 131 ;
scliein, for 5 voices, op. 102 ; 1 for 4 voices, Regina), op. 153 ; Liederkranz (5 songs),
iu op. 105and 4 voices, in op. 131 op. 165 12 songs, op. 172, 173 Schivanen-
; 1 for 1 ; ;
Nachtlielle, for do. and pianoforte, op. 134 gesang (14 songs) Nacbgelassene musika- ;
;
Sclilachtlied, for 8 voices and pianoforte, lische Dichtungen, in 50 Lieferungen (140

op. 151 Trinklied, for 4 voices, ojx 155
; songs, among tbem: Die Naclit, Lf. i.; ;
Nachtmusik, for do., op. 156 Im Gegen- Loda's Gespenst, Lf. iii.; Der Tod Oscars, ;
wiirtigen Vergangenes, for do. and piano- Lf. V. Elysium, Lf. vi. Die Biirgscbaft, ; ;
forte, Lieferung 43 1 for 5 voices, in Lief. Lf. viii. 9 Geistliche Lieder, Lf. x. Der
; ; ;
45 4 for 4 voices in 9 GesJinge. C, for

; Taucher, Lf. xii. Waldesnacbt, Lf. xvi. ;
female voices 1 for 3 voices, in op. 52 :

;
Der Winterabend, Lf. xxvi. Einsamkeit ;
Psalm xxiii. for 4 voices, op. 132 Gott ; (Mayrbofer), Lf. xxxii.; Epistel von M. von
in der Natur, for do., op. 133 Stiindchen, ; Collin, Lf. xlvi. ; 4 Lieder ; 6 Lieder ; 40
for 1 and 4 voices, op. 135 ; 2 for 3 voices, Lieder ; 5 canti.
in Lief. 45 ; 1 for do. in Lief. 41. Yl. For Orchestra : 10 symphonies : No.
V. Songs with pianoforte : Der Erlkonig, 1, in D ; No. 2, in B-flat ; No. 3, in D ; No.
op. 1 ; Gretclien am Spiunrade, op. 2 ; 22 4, in C minor (
Tragische) ; No. 5, in B-flat
33«
*^ S
; :;
SCHUBERT
No. 6, in C No. 7, in E No. 8, in B mi- ; ; inal Tiinze, op. 9 12 ficossaises, 3 Deutsche, ;
nor (unfinished) No. 9, in ? (MS. score ; 26 Liindler, op. 18 8 Deutsche, 2 Liiudler, ;
lost) No. 10, in C. 7 Overtures No. 1, in

; :
1 Ecossaise, op. 1 Galopp, 8 Kcossaises, 33 ;
D No. 2, in C (Im italienischeu Styl), op.

; op. 49 34 Valses sentimentales, o^x 50
;
170 No. 3, in B-flat No. 4, in D No. 5,

; ; ; Gratzer Galoppe (Haslinger) 6 Polonaises, ;
in D (Im italienisclien Stj-l) No. G, in C Viennoises ; op. 61 ; Homniage aux belles

(Im italienischen Styl), op. 170. 5 Minuets 67 10 Yulses (2 I^cossaises, 15 Walzer), op. ;
for strings and 2 boras G Deutsche Tiinze

nobles, op. 77 12 Gratzer Walzer, op. 91 ;
;
;
for do. Rondo for violin and orchestra, in 1 Deutsch, op. 172 ; March in E (Artaria)
;
;
A Concerto for do., in D.

; Adagio and rondo, in E, op. 145 Plian- ;
YIL Chamber Music : Octet for strings, tasie in C, op. 15 4 Impromptus, op. 90 ;
;
in F, op. 16G ; do. for wind Quintet for GMomens musicaux, op. 94 4 Impromptus,
; ;
pianoforte and strings, in A, oi^. 114 ; do. op. 142 ; 2 Scherzos in B-flat (Gotthard) ;
for 2 violins, viola and 2 violoncelli, in C, Allegretto in C minor

Allegro in E- (ib.) ;
op. 1G3 ;
Quintet-overture for strings ; 20 flat minor (Rieter-Biedermaun) Allegretto ;
string quartets : No. 1, in ? ; Nos. 2, 6, 11, in E-flat (ib.) ; 5 Klavierstiicke, in E, E, C,

12, in B-flat ; Nos. 3,- 5, in C ; Nos. 4, 8, 9, A, and E (Klemm) ; 1 do. (Artaria) ; An-
in D ; Nos. 7, IG, op. 125, No. 1, in E-flat dante (MS.) ; Adagio in G (do.). Wanderei--
Nos. 10, 15, in C minor No. 13, in G mi- ; Fantasie, in C, op. 15 ; B. For four Hands
nor No. 14, in F No. 17, in E, op. 25,
; ; 3 sonatas : No. 15, op. 30, in B-flat ; No.
No. 2 No. 18, in A minor No. 19, in D
; ; 16, op. 40, in C ; No. 24, in E minor
minor No. 20, in G. 2 Pianoforte trios
; : (MS.). Variations in A-flat, op. 35 2 ;
No. 1, in B-flat, op. 99 No. 2, in E-flat, op. ; Waltzes in E-flat and C, op. 33 4 Polo- ;
1G3 Sonata for pianoforte, violin, and vio-

; naises, op. 75 Trauer-Marsch for the Em-
;
loncello ; 2 Trios for strings ; Rondo bril- peror Alexander, op. 55 Marche hc-roique, ;
liant for violin and pianoforte, in B minor, op. 66 3 do., in B minor, C and D, op. 27
;
;
op. 70 ; 3 Sonatinas for do., in D, A minor, 6 grandes marches, op. 40 3 marches mili- ;
and G minor, op. 137 ; Phantasie for do., taires, op. 51 2 overtures in F, op. 34 ; ;
in C, Sonata for do., in A, op.

op. 159 ; Divertissement a I'hongroise, in G minor,
1G2 Polonaises foi* do. Nocturne for vio-
; ; op. 54 Lebensstiirme, allegro caractci-is-
;
loncello and pianoforte, in E-:§at, oj). 148 ;

tique, in A minor, op. 144 Fugue in E ;
Introduction and variations for flute and minor, op. 152 Grand rondeau in A, op. ;
pianoforte, in E minor, op. 160. 107 Divertissement in E minor, op. 63

; ;
Vni. For Pianoforte : A, 2 Hands 21 So- : Phantasie in F minor, op. 103 Notre ami- ;
natas : Nos. 1, 2, in E ; Nos. 3, 5, 13, in F ;

tie, rondo in D, op. 138 4 Liindler (Gott- ;
Nos. No. 6, in E minor No.

4, 12, in C ; ; hard) ; G (ib.) 3 Phan-
Kindermarsch in ;
7, op. 147, in B Nos. 8, op. 1G4, 14, op. ; tasien (MS.). complete edition of Schu- A
143, 17, op. 42, in A minor No. 9, op. 162, ; bei't's works, begun in 1884, is now pub-
in E-flat No. 10, in F minor No. 11, in ; ; lishing by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, in Lcipsic.
A-flat No. 18, op. 53, in D No. 19, op.
; ; Up to 1890 there hive appeared Scries I., :
120, in A No. 20 (fantasia), op. 78, in G ; ;

8 symphonies in 2 v61s.; Series IL, 10 Over-
No. 21, in C minor (Diabelli) No. 22, in ;
tures, etc.; Series VII., quintets, quartets,
A (ib.) No. 23, in B-flat (ib.). Variations
; and ti'ios, in 2 vols.; Series VIII., 8 rondos,
on a French air, in E minor, op. 10 do. on ; sonatas, etc., for pianoforte and one instru-
a waltz by Diabelli, in C minor (Diabelli) ;
ment ; Series IX., 38 compo-sitions for pi-
do. on Herold's Marie, in C, op. 82 do. on anoforte, 4-hands, in 3 ;
vols.; Series X., 15
E, in F, and in A minor, on a theme by sonatas for pianoforte solo ; Series XI.,
Hiittenbrenner (MS.) ; 4 Deutsche, 18 orig- ^Miscellaneous works for do.; Series XUI., 7
S3U
;
SCIIUBEIIT
Masses, in 2 vols.; Series XIV., 21 small concertante, for oboe and bassoon 6 duos ;
church compositions Series XY., Dramatic for violins 24 pieces for pianoforte Neue
; ; ;
works (Des Teufels Lustschloss Der vier- Singschule, etc. (Leipsic, 1804). Fetis;
;
—
jiihrige Posten ; Fernando ; Die Freunde Gerber ; Schilling.
SCHUBERT, JOSEPH, born at
Warusdorf, Bohemia, in 1757, died
at Dresden, in 1812. Violinist, first
instructed by his father, who was
cantor at Warnsdorf, then pupil, in
Prague, of Abt Fischer in counter-
point, and in Berlin of Kohn on the
violin. In 1779-88 he was chamber
Sjî^.s^^ft^^^^^t.^y-^
musician to the Margrave of Schwedt,
then became first violinist in the
royal orchestra at Dresden. Works
— Operas
Rosalia, Der Gasthof zu :
Genua, Die Landplagen, oder das

blaue Ungeheuer, Schwedt, 1780
Die Entzauberung, ib., 1781 15 ;
masses Several symphonies Con- ; ;
von Salamanca; Fierrabras). — Themati- certo for organ 15 concertos for violin ; 3 ;
sches Yerzeichniss der im Druck erschie- do. for viola ; 3 do. for violoncello ; 9 do.
nenen Werke von Franz Schubert (Yienna, for flute 2 do. for oboe 10 do. for bas- ; ;
Diabelli, 1852) Do., herausgegeben von soon 3 do. for clarinet 3 do. for horn
;
; ;
;
G. Nottebohm (ib., Schreiber, 1874) Grove, double concerto for flute and violin do. for
; ;
iii. 319, and iv. 78G Heinrich Kreissle von 2 flutes 6 duos for violin 6 do. for flute
; ; ;
Hellborn, Franz Schubert, eine biogra- and violin 3 sonatas for pianoforte with ;
phische Skizze (Yienna, Gerold, 1865) The violin 6 do. for pianoforte 6 do. for violin ;
; ; ;
same in English by A. D. Coleridge (Lon- 2 do. for flute Many suites, for 9 wind in- ;
don, Longman, 1869) A. Reissmann, Franz struments

; Several Parthien, for 11 wind ;
Schubert, sein Leben und seine Werke instruments ; Pianoforte music, and songs.
(Berlin, 1873) ; Samml. musik.
A. Niggli, in —
Dlabacz ; Fetis Gerber ; Schilling. ;
Yortriige, No. 15 H. Barbedette, F. Schu-

; SCHUBERT, LOUIS, born at Dessau,
bert, sa vie, ses ceuvres, son temps (Paris, Jan. 27, 1828, still living, 1890. Viohnist,
Heugel, 1866) Mme A. Audley, Franz went to St. Petersburg when seventeen,
;
Schubert, sa vie et ses ceuvres (ib., Didier, thence to Konigsberg as Conzertmeistcr at

1871) ; Wurzbach ; Mendel. the Stadttheater, which post he held six years.
SCHLÊRT, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, He lived Konigsberg, teaching and giving at
born at Rudolstadt, Dec. 17, 1770, died at when he settled at Dres-
concerts, until 1862,
Cologne, in October, 1811. Violinist, pupilden, where he is esteemed as a singing teacher.
of Hesse at Frankenhausen, of Hausmann at Works Faustina Hasse, oder das Concert :
Sondershausen, and of Hauk in Stettin, auf dem Kunigstein, opera, Altenburg, 1879 ;
where he was music director and composer Operettas Aus Sibirien, Kcinigsberg, 1850 :
;
to Dubblin's company, in 1798. He held Das Rosenmadchen, ib., 1861 Die Wahr- ;
similar positions at Glogau in 1801, and at sagerin, Dresden, 1864 Wer ist der Erbe ? ;
Ballensti'idt three years later. Works Die ib., 1865 Yor der Hochzeit, Cassel, 1880.
: ;
niichtliche Erscheinung, opera, Stettin, Gesangschule in Liedern, op. 18 Lieder- ;
1798 ;Concerto for violin Symphonic Cyclus, op. 23, 24. Mendel Riemann.
; — ;
840
; ;
SCHUBEKTII
SCHUBERTH, KARL, born at Magde- SCHUHBAUER, LUCAS, born at Licht-
burg, Feb. 25, 1811, died at Ziirich, July feld, Bavaria, Dec. 25, 1753, died iu Mu-
22, 1863. Virtuoso on the violoncello, son nich after 1812. Amateur composer, stud-
and pupil of Gottlob Schuberth (virtuoso on ied music at the convent of Zweifalten and
the oboe and clarinet, and pianist, 1778- the seminary in Augsburg. After taking
184:G), and on the violoncello pupil of Hesse the course of medicine at the university of
at Magdeburg and Dotzauer iu Dresden. Ingolstadt, he settled in Munich as a physi-

Made his first concert tour in 1828 was
and in 1791 was made by the Elector
; cian,
first violoncello at the Stadt-Theater, Mac:- councillor and court physician. Works:
deburg, then travelled in Germany, Belgium, Die Dorfdeputirten, opera Die treuen ;
and Holland, besides going to London and Kuhler, do. The 107th psalm, with orches- ;
Paris, iu 1833-35. In the latter year he tra Concertos and sonatas for pianoforte ;
was appointed solo violoncellist to the Czar Church music. Fetis. ; —

remained in St. Petersburg twenty years SCHULDIGKEIT DES ERSTEN GE-
as musical director at the university, con- BOTES, DIE (The Obligation of the First
ductor of the court orchestra, and inspector and Greatest Commandment), oratorio in
of the imperial dramatic college. Woi'ks three parts, text by J. A. W. (supposed to
:
Two concertos for violoncello and orchestra have been Johann Adam Wieland), first part
;
Fantasias, variations, etc., for do. ; Octet, 3 set to music l)y Mozart second part by ;
quintets, and 4 quartets for strings ; Sonata Johann Michael Haydn, Hof-Conzertmeis-
for violoncello. — Grove, Riemann, ter and third part by Anton Cajetan Adl-
iii. 383 ; ;
830 ; Mendel, 1G7 is. 517 Schil- gasser, court composer and organist. The
; Fc'tis, vii. ;
ling, Suj)plement, 392

Viotta, iii. 352.
; work was first performed in the University
SCHUBERTH, LUDWIG, born at Mag- of Salzburg, March 12, 1767, and repeated,
deburg, April 18, 1806, died in St. Peters- April 2, 1767. It is said that it was written
burg in June, 1850. Violoncellist, son and at the instance of the Archbishop of Salz-
j)upil of Gottlob Schuberth, studied under burg, who was incredulous regarding the
Carl Maria von Weber was director of the wonderful boy, Mozart, aged ten, and or-
;
Stadt-Theater in his native town, when only dered him to be shut up alone for a week,
sixteen years old, subsequently Hof-Kapell- during which time he was to compose an
meister at Oldenburg, Kapellmeister at oratorio for which the archbishop would
Riga, Konigsberg (1835), and of the Ger- furnish the text. The theme was " that
man Opera in St. Petersburg in 1845. there is no moi'e dangerous state for the
Works Operas, and symphonies, in manu- soul than lukewarmness in the work of sal-
:
script ; 2 quartets for jDianoforte and strings ;

vation." The oratorio describes how the
2 do. for strings Sonatas for pianoforte. lukewarm Christian is stirred by the Chris-
;
— Fetis Schilling, Supplement, 392.

; tian Spirit, aided by Divine Mercy and Jus-
SCHUCH, ERNST, born at Gratz, Styria, tice, until his will surrenders to right judg-
Nov. 23, 1848, still living, 1890. Violinist, ment. Scene : A beautiful country with a
pupil of Eduard Stolz, and in Vienna of garden and little wood. Characters repre-
Dessoff; became music director at Lobe's sented :
theatre, Breslau, in 1867, then at Wiirzburg,

Gratz, and Basel, conducted Pollini's Ital- A lukewarm, but afterwards zealous Chris-
ian opera in 1872, and in the same year was tian (T.). Herr Josef Meisner.
made music director, and in 1873 Hof-Ka- The Christian Spirit (T.).
pellmeister at Dresden. He has comjôsed Herr Anton Franz Spitzeder.
two overtures, and some songs. —Mendel The Spirit of the World (T.).
Riemann. Friiulein 3Iarie Anna Tt-seinavrin.
8-11
; ;
scnuLnoFF
Divine Mercy (S.). in Dresden and Paris, composing and teach-
Friluleiu Marie Magdalena Lipiên. ing. "Works Twelve t'tudes Impromptus
: ; ;
Divine Justice (S,). Caprices Mazurkas

; "V\âltzes;Sonata. ;
Frilulein Marie Anna Braunhoferin. — DaUboi-, Casopis pro hudbu, etc. (Prague,
18G2), V. 242 Illustr. Zeitg. (1850), No. 384
; ;
The second aria for the tenor was again "NYurzbach Riemann Mendel Fetis.
; ; ;
used by Mozart in his first opera, La finta SCHULTESIUS, JOHANN PAUL, born
semplice, the only instance where he has at Fechheim, Saxe-Coburg, Sept. 14, 1748,
borrowed from himself. A short cantata, died at Leghorn, in 181G. Amateur pian-
entitled "Grabmusik," for two voices, a ist and organist, first instructed in music at
duet between the Soul and an Angel (Ku- the college of Coburg, where he studied
chel. No. 42), was also composed for the theology, then pupil on the organ of Kehl,
Lent of 17G7. The title of the original at Erlangen, during his course at the uni-
score is in Leopold Mozart's autograph. It versit}'. In 1773 he accepted the minister's
was bought by the Prince Consort from pulpit of the Protestant Dutch and Ger-
Andre's Collection and given to the Eoyal man colony at Leghorn. Member of the
Library of "Windsor Castle. It was first Italian academy of sciences and arts, 1807.
published by Johanu Josef Mayrs (Salz- Works: Two quartets for pianoforte and
burg, 17C7). Breitkopf & Hartel, Mozart strings 8 variations on an Andantino, for
;
"Werke, Serie v., No. 1. —

Kuchel, Verzeich- do. 12 do. on the air of Malbrook, for do.
; ;
niss,No. 35 Jahn, Mozart, i. 71

; do. 7 sonatas for pianoforte with violin
; Varia- ;
(Townsend), i. 51 Andre, Verzeichniss, tions on a theme of Pleyel, for do. Alle-

; ;
No. 1 Gehring, Mozart, 26 Allgem. mus. gretto, with 12 variations for pianoforte,
; ;
Zeitg. (18G5), 125. violin, and violoncello etc. He published ;
SCHULHOFF, JLTJUS, born in Prague, Memoria sopra la musica di chiesa (Leg-

Aug. 2, 1825. Vir- horn, 1810).— Fetis.
tuoso on the piano- SCHULTZE, ADOLF, born at Schwerin,
forte, pupil of Kisch Nov. 3, 1853, still living, 1890. Pianist,
and Tedesco, and in pupil at KuUak's academy in Berlin, 1872-
counterpoint of To- 75, remained there as instructor of piano-
maschek went to forte until 1886, when he succeeded Karl
;
Paris in 1842, appear- Schroder as Hof-Kapellmeister, and direc-

ing in concerts at tor of the Conservatorium at Sonders-
Weimar, Dresden, and hausen. Of his compositions for orchestra
Leipsic on his way and for pianoforte, including a concerto,
after playing before only a few have been published. Riemann. —
and being commended by Chopin, he ven- SCHULZ, ADOLF, born in Berlin, July
tured to go before the public in Paris and 7, 1817, died there, March 16, 1884. Vio-
was well received. This success was fol- linist, pupil of Bohmer and Neithardt, en-
^ J^ tered the orchestra of the royal opera in

Berlin,
Hippolytus
in 1846.
of
Works
Euripides,
: Music
Berlin,
to the
1851
Symphony for orchestra ; Sonata for piano-
forte.
lowed by an extended tour through France, SCHULZ, AUGUST, born at Brunswick,
Austria, England, Spain, and Russia, in June 15, 1837, stiU living, 1890. Violinist,
1849-53 he returned to Paris the follow- pupil of Zinkeisen, Leibrock, and Meves,
;
ing year. Later he spent most of his time and at Hanover of Joachim, was for a short
843
;
scnuLz
time Conzertmeister at Detmokl, then was Belustigung, Musikalische badinage, Mu-
called to Brunswick in the same capacity, Chan- sikalischer Lustball, for pianoforte ;
and as symphony director of the ducal or- sons italiennes (Ikrlin, 1782) Danish ;
chestra. His quartets for male voices are songs. He wrote articles for Sulzer's Theo-
very popular. Mendel Riemann.— rie der schonen Kiinste and for Kiniberger's
;
SCHULZ, JOHANN ABRAHAM

Wall re Grundsutze zum Gebrauch der Har-
PETER, born at monic Entwurf einer neuen und leichtvcr- ;
Luneburg, March stiindlichen Musiktabulatur, etc. (Berlin,

30, 1747, died at
Schwedt,
1800.
composer,
Schmiigel and Kirn-
June
Dramatic
pupil
10,
of
1786)
/.
;
a. J°
Gedanken iiber den Einfluss der
^,
berger. In 1868-73 Musik auf die Bildung eines Volks (Copen-
he travelled in hagen, 1790).— Mendel FC-Hh Riemann ; ; ;
France, Italy, and Schilling Gerber Lindner, Gesch. des

; ;
Germany as instruc- deutschen Liedes, 125.

tor of the Polish princess Sapieha, and on SCHULZ, JOHANN PHILIPP CHRIS-
his return to Berlin became very popular TIAN, born at Langensalza, Thuringia,
as a teacher. He was director at the French Sept. 1, 1773, died in Leipsic, Jan. 30,
theatre in 1776-87, laterInstrumental composer, pupil of
at the private 1827.
theatre of the Crown and
Engler and of Schicht in Leipsic, whither
Princess, in
1780-87 Kapellmeister to Prince Heinrich he had gone at the age of ten to study at the
at Rheinsberg. Having been Hof-Capel- Thomasschule and the university. From
mester at Copenhagen in 1787-94, he re- 1800 he conducted the opera performances
turned to Germany in very poor health the of Seconda's troupe, and in 1810 became
following year. His songs were popular in director of the Gewandhaus concerts.
Germany for years, and are still sung to Works Overtures to Faust, and to the Jung- :
some extent. Works Operas —

La fee frau von Orleans Other overtures, ballets,
: ;
Urgele, Rheinsberg, 1782 Clarisse, oder marches, choruses, for Seconda's theatre
; ;
das unbekannte Dienstmiidchen, ib., 1783 Domine Salvum fac regeni, for 4 voices ;
Minona, oder die drei Angelsachsen, Ham- and wind instruments Songs, and part- :
burg, 1786 ; de Seville, Rheins- songs. Fctis Riemann Schilling.

Le bai'bier — ; ;
berg, 1786 Aline, KOnigin von Golkonda,

; SCHULZ, OTTO CARL FRIEDRICH
Copenhagen, 1789 Hustgildet, ib., 1790 WILHEL:\I, born at Gortz, Brandenburg.
; ;
Indtoget, ib. Peders Bryllup, ib.

; Offer March 25, 1805, still living, 1890.
; Organ-
af Nympherne, prologue, ib., 1781 Mu- ist, pupil of Klein and of Zelter in Berlin
; ;
sic to Racine's Athalie, and to Goethe's royal music director at Prenzlau. He has
Gotz von Bei'lichingen. Johannes und composed operas, church music, songs, and
Maria, oratorio Christi Tod, do. Passion pianoforte pieces, and published several
; ;
Cantata ; Te Deum ; Hymne

an Gott Lob- theoretical works. ;
gesang zur Feier des Geburtstags des SCHULZ-BEUTHEN, HEINRICH, b.nn

Konigs Geslinge am Klavier (Berlin, 1779) at Beuthen, Upper Silesia, June 19, IS.MS,
;
Lieder im Volkston (ib., 1782) Uzens still living, 1890. Instrumental and vocal
;
lyrische Gedichte religiosen Inhalts (Ham- composer, pupil at the Conservatoriuni nt

burg, 1784) Religiose Oden und Lieder Leipsic, and of Ricdel lived for many years
; ;
aus den besten deutschen Dichtern (ib., at Ziiricli, and is now instructor of piano-
1786) ;G Stiicke, a sonata, Musikalische forte at the Conservatoriuni in Dresden.
848
;;
SCHULZ
Works Fridolin, operetta, Breslau, 1862
:
1829. Sbe played for the first time in a
;
Ascbeubrudel (Der Zauberschlaf), Ziiiich, Gewandbaus concert in 1830 later ber ;
1879 Krimbilde, for cborus, soli, and or- father took ber upon a small concert tour
;
cbestra ; Harald, do. (male cborus) ; Befrei- to Weimar, Cassel, and Frankfort. From
ungsgesang der Verbannten Israels, do. ;
1832 sbe played in many concerts in Leip-
Cburcb music, for cborus and orcbestra ;
sic and other cities, passing tbe winter of
Kinder-Sinfonie Cboruses for male voices
;
1836 in Vienna, where the exercise of her
Songs, and pianoforte pieces. —
Mendel talents earned her tbe title of chamber
Riemann. virtuoso. In 1839 sbe visited Paris, where
SCHULZ-SCHWERDs, CARL, born at her success was complete. She was married
Scbwerin, Jan. 3, 1845, still living, 1890. to Robert Schumann, Sept. 12, 1840. With
Pianist, pupil of von Billow, Geyer, Will- her husband she made a tour to Hamburg
mers, Stern, and Weitzmann at Stern's in 1842, went alone to Copenhagen, and the
Conservatorium, Berlin, in 1862-65 went same year they were together in Vienna.
;
to Soutbern Russia in 1871, and on bis re- They lived in Dresden in 1844-50, mean-
turn in 1873 became instructor at tbe Con- while visiting St. Petersbui'g and Vienna.
servatorium in Stettin. Several years later She was entirely devoted to her husband
be was conductor of tbe music society at dui'ing the trials and sufi'erings of his last
Stargard, and in 1885 settled in Berlin. years shortly before his death in 1856 she ;
He court pianist to tbe Grandduke of visited England professionally, and after

is
Mecklenburg. Works Overtui-es to Tasso, she had become a widow she lived for sev-
:
and to Die Braut von Messina ; Ouverture eral years in Berlin with her mother, who
triompbale ; Sympbony ; Sanctus, Osanna, was married to the musician Adolf Bargiel.
Benedictus, Ave Maria, for cborus, soli, and She moved to Wiesbaden in 1863, and to
orcbestra Pianoforte music, etc.
;
—
Mendel support her family had to take up the life
Riemann. of a virtuoso again, her tours taking her to
SCHU:VIANN, CLARA (JOSEPHINE), England repeatedly. In 1878 she settled in
born (Wieck) in Leip- Frankfort as professor at Hoch's Conserva-
sic, Sept. 13, 1819, torium. As a pianist her rank is of the
still living, 1890. Pi- highest. She combines feminine grace with
anist, daugbter and masculine energy, clearly understands and
pupil of Friedricb faithfully interprets the meaning of the
Wieck, composer, and while she is equally at home
af terwai'da
pupil of Miekscb in in tbe works of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven,
singing, of Prinz on Mendelssohn, and Chopin, her rendering of
tbe violin, and of Schumann is most celebrated. Her com-
""
:., Weinlig, Kupscb, and positions are earnest and thoughtful, and
Dorn in composition. Sbe began studying the later ones give evidence of Schumann's
tbe pianoforte in ber fiftb year. Her fatber's influence. Works Concerto for pianoforte
:
;
metbod aimed at gradual and tborougb de- Trio for do. and strings 3 romances for vio- ;
velopment, instead of making an infant pbe- lin 4 polonaises Caprices in waltz form
; ; ;
nomenon of ber. At tbe age of nine years

sbe made ber first public appearance in a
concert, given by Frl. Pertbaler, Oct. 20,
1828. Her father's bouse was a place of
meeting for musicians, so tbat sbe lived in a Variations ; Soirees musicales 10 charac-
;
congenial atmospbere, and was particularly teristic pieces ; Souvenir de Vienne Im- ;
influenced by Paganini's visit to Leipsic in promptu ; Romantic waltzes ; 2 scherzos ; 3
344
—
snnuMAx^
romances ; 3 preludes and fugues 4 fugi- period. He even wrote verses himself, and
;
tive pieces, etc.; Cadenzas to Beethoven's set them to music. The death of his father,
concertos in C minor and G Songs. Fd- in 1826, bereft him of his onlj- encourage-
;
tis Eiemann Wasielewski, Life of Kobert ment to continue the study of music, and
; ;
Schumann, 260 Schumann, Music and Mu- on March 29, 1828, he entered the Leipsic
;
sicians, 261 Liszt, Gesammelte Schriften, University as Studiosus Juris.

; Here ho
187 ; Mus. Wochenblatt, ix. 530 ii. 166, passed a year, studying law without much
;
181 ; Hanslick, Concertwesen in Wien, i. regularity, and then spent another year at
332 ; ii. 103, 164, 390. the University of Heidelberg. During his
SCHUMANN, GUSTAV, born at Holden- stay in Loipsic he made the acquaintance
stedt, Prussian Saxony, March 15, 1815, of Friedrich "SYieck, of whom he took some
died in Berlin, Aug. 16, 1889. Pianist in pianoforte lessons, and of Dr. Cams, a warm
Berlin, where he was popular as a teacher music-lover, at whose house he met ^larsch-
of his instrument, for which he composed ner and other noted musicians. But it was
\about fifty estimable works. not until 1830 that he persuaded his mother
VsCHmiANN, KOBERT (ALEXANDEE), to let him devote himself professionally to
born at Zwickau, in music in the autumn he returned to Leipsic
;
Saxony, June 8, 1810,

died at Endenlch,
near Bonn, July 29,
1856. Hisfatherwas
Friedrich August
Gottlob Schumann, a
bookseller; his
mother, Johanna
Christiana Schnabel, iii i: ,^ _-
daughter of a Raths-
chirurgus in Zeitz. Robert was the young-
est son, and gave evidence of musical talent
Schumann's Birthplace.
even in early childhood but his bent for ;
music was encouraged by his father only, and began a course of pianoforte study
his mother being strongly opposed to it. under Wieck, besides studying composition
He took pianoforte lessons first from J. G. under Heinrich Dorn but assiduously as
;
Kuntzsch, organist at the Marienkirche, he worked at the keyboard, he could not

who soon prophesied great things of him. be brought to study composition with the
Indeed the boy began to try his hand at same regularity. He was now twenty, too
composition before he was seven. About far matured in mind to submit willingly to
1817-18 his father tried to have him study the drudgery of elementary work in coun-
under C. M. von Weber, who seemed in- terpoint, and perhaps too inexperienced to
clined to take him in charge but noth- ; appreciate how indispensable this drudgery
ing ever came of it. Li 1820 he en- would be to him. The result was that, with
tered the Zwickau Gymnasium, remaining all Dorn's teaching, he was virtually almost
there until Easter, 1828. During the later self-educated in music indeed H tvas sev- ;
part of his school days a strong taste for eral years later, after his marriage and after
poetry developed itself, his favourite authors he had made a certain mralc as a composer,
being Schulze, Franz von Sonnenberg, and that a friend, coaling one evening, found
especially Byron and Richter Goethe ; him and his wife "studying Cliorubini's
seems to have interested him little at this Counterpoint for the first time." His rcgu-
345
SCHUMANN
lar application to the pianoforte,however, tour to Russia, he moved, in 1844, to Dres-
bore good fruit rapidly, until he perma- den, where he was made conductor of the
nently lamed the fourth finger of his right Liedertafel in 1847, and founded the Chor-
hand by a foolish experiment in practis- gesangverein in 1848. In 1850 he went to
ing, and the career of pianoforte virtuoso Diisseldorf to succeed Ferdinand Hiller as
was closed to him forever. In 1834: city music director. But a disease of the
he, together with Julius Knorr, Louis brain, which had declared itself as far back
Schunke, and Wieck, founded the Neue as 1833, and had become even threatening
Zcitschrift fill- ]\Iusik, which he edited alone in 1845, made it almost impossible for him
from 1835 to 1844. In 1838 he moved the to conduct efficiently and, after his col-;
headquarters of the paper to Vienna, in league, Tausch, had done more and more of
hope of better pecuniary support but the his work for him, he was forced in 1853 to
;
resign his post. He became actually insane

on Feb. G, 1854, when he threw himself into
,^^--^--
the Ehine, but was fortunately saved from
va drowning and sent to Dr. Richarz's asylum,
at Endenich. Here he passed the last two
years of his life, his insanity continuing, with
but few lucid intervals, to the end. He was
buried in the churchyard opposite the Ster-
nenthor, in Bonn in 1880 a monument, by
;
A. Donndorf, was erected over his grave,

and in 1889 a statue was erected at Zwickau.
Schumann's influence upon the world oi
music can scarcely be overrated he exer- ;
cised it both as composer and critic. In

this latter capacity he was probably unique ;
hardly another man can be found in the

history of musical criticism who combined
the qualities he did. Of an ardent, roman-
tic temperament, he was ever anxious to
welcome and appreciate new phases of
genius and new developments in music all ;
Schumann's Grave.
pedantry was especially abhorrent to him.
move was a and in 1839 he returned And to this liberal, progressive spirit he
failure,
to Leipsic. In 184:0 the University of Jena added the soundest musical culture, based
gave him the degree of Ph.D., and in the upon a profound study of Bach, and the
same year he married Clara Josephine, fullest appreciation of the value of what is
"Wieck's eldest daughter, although the eternal in the older, more classic forms of
father was strongly opposed to the match. composition, and the works of the classic
Hitherto he had written only for the piano- masters. Few critics have been able to
forte,but now he began to pour forth book look at their subject from so many points of
after book of songs. When the Leipsic view as he his criticisms in the Neue Zcit-
;
Conservatorium was founded by Mendels- schrift appeared over various fanciful sig-
sohn, in 1843, Schumann joined the staff of natures, Florestan, Eusebius, Meister Karo,
instructors as teacher of score reading each one of them indicating a special point
;
but he soon found the work irksome, and, of view from which he regarded the work
after accompanying his wife on a concert criticised. As a composer he exercised the
34(i
SCHUMANN
317
;
;
SCHUMANN
subsequent compo-
Blroiigest influence ovei* 2 for 3 do.. No. 3 for small chorus, with tri-
sition of one may
any man of his time ;
angle and tambourine ad lib.), op. 29 4 ;
almost say that the whole of present Ger- duets for soprano and tenor, op. 34 3 ;
man music derives mainly from him. The two-part songs, op. 43 Spanisches Lieder- ;
INIendelssohn influence was ephemeral in spiel, for single and several voices (S., A., T.,
comparison. B.), op. 4 duets for soprano and tenor,

74 ;
Works. I., For solo, chorus, and orches- op. 78 Minnespiel, from Riickert's Liebes-
;
tra : Das ParaJies und die Peri, cantata in friihling, for single and several voices, op.
3 parts, op. 50 ; Advenllied, by Riickert, op. 101 ;Miidchenlieder, by Elisabeth Kul-
71 ; Abschiedslied, op. 84 ; llcquiem for mann, for 2 sopranos, op. 103 3 songs for ;
Mignon, 98 b Nachtlied, by Hebbel,

op. ; 3 female voices, op. 114 Spanische Liebes- ;
op, 108 Der Hose Pilgerfahrt, cantata, op.

; lieder, 10 songs for single and several
112; Der KOnigssohn, ballatl by Uhlaud, voices, with 4-hand accompaniment, op.
oj). 116 Des Sangern Fluch, ballad after
; 138 ;221 songs and ballads for a single
Uhland, op. 139 Vom Pagen und der Ku- ;
voice, op. 24 [Liederkrek), 25 [Myrthen), 27,
nigstochter, 4 ballads by Geibel, op. 140 30, 31, 35, 36, 37 {Liebeyfruhling), 39 {Lie-
Das GHlck von Edeuhall, ballad by Uhland, derkreis), 40, 42 [Frauenliebe und Leben), 45,
o]). 143 Neujahr.slied, by Riickert, op.
; 48 {DichterUebe), 53, 57 (Belsazar, ballad by
144 Mass, op. 147
; Requiem, op. 148 Heine), 64, 77, 79 (Album fiu- die Jugend),
;
Scenen aus Goethe's Faust (no opus-num- 83, 87 (Der Handschuh, ballad by Schiller),
ber). 89, 90, 95, 96, 98a (Songs from Wllhelm
n.. For unaccompanied chorus 6 Four- Meister), 104, 107, 117 {Hmarenlieder), 119 :
part songs for male voices, op. 33 5 songs {Waldlieder), 125, 135, 142, Der deutsche ;
by Burns for mixed chorus, op. 55 4 songs Rhein (no opus-number). ;
for do., op. 59 3 songs for male chorus, v.. For orchestra 4 symphonies
; No. 1, : :
op. 62 7 Ritornelle by Riickert for male in B-flat, op. 38 No. 2, in C, op. 61 No.
; ; ;
voices, in canon, op. 65 5 Romanzen und 3, in E-flat (Rheinische Sinfonie, or Cologne

;
Balladen for chorus, op. 67 6 Romances symphony), op. 97 No. 4, in D minor, O]?. ; ;
for female voices (pianoforte ad lib.), op. 120 Ouverture, Scherzo und Finale, op. ;
69 5 Romanzen und Balladen, for chorus, 52 Overtui-e to Schiller's Braid von Mes-
; ;
op. 75 6 Romances for female voices (pi- sina, op. 100

; Fest-Ouvertiire with chorus ;
anoforte ad lib.), op. 91 Motet, Verzweifle on the Rheinweinlied, op. 123 Overture to
; ;
nicht, by Riickert, for male double chorus Shakespeare's Julius Csesar, op. 128 do. to ;
(organ ad lib.), op. 93 5 Jagdlieder, for Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea, op. 136.
;
male chorus (4 horns ad lib.), op. 137 4 VI., For solo instruments with orchestra ; :
songs for double choru,s, op. 141 5 Ro- Concerto for pianoforte, in A minor, oj)^ ;
manzen und Balladen, for chorus, op. 145 54 Concertstilck for 4 horns, op. 86 In- ;
; ;
6 do., op. 146. troduction and Allegro appassionato, for

in.. Dramatic Works and Melodramas pianoforte, ojd. 92 Concerlstuck for do., in : ;
Genoceva, opera, 4 acts, op. 81, Leipsic, G, op. 92 Concerto for violoncello, op. 129
; ;
June 25, 1850 Music to Byron's Manfred,

; Phantasie for violin, op. 131 Concert- Alle- ;
op. 115 ; Schun Hedwig, ballad by Hebbel, gro, with Introduction, for pianoforte, in D
for declamation with pianoforte, op. 106 ;
minor, op. 134.
Ballade vom Haideknaben, do., for do., op. Vn., Chamber Music Quintet for pi- :
122, No. 1 ; Die Fliichtlinge, ballad by anoforte and strings, in E-flat, op. 44 ;
Shelley, for do., op. 122, No. 2. Quartet fordo., in E-flat, op. 47 3 quartets ;
^S^, For solo voices with pianoforte 3 for strings, in A minor, F, and A, op. 41 :
;
poems by Geibel (No. 1 for 2 sopranos, No. Trio for pianoforte and strings, No. 1, in D
34S
—; ' ;
scnuMA:NN
minor, op. 63 ; do. (or organ)
do., No.
6 Studies in canon form, op2, in F, op. 80 ; :
No. 3, in G
4 PLautasie- 56
minor, op. 110 Skizzen fiir deu Pedalfliigel, op. 58 ; ; ;
stiicke for pianoforte, violin and violoncello, 6 Fugues on the name Bach, op. 60. For —
op. 88 Adagio and allegro for pianoforte 2 pianofortes, 4 hands Andante and varia-
; :
and liorn, op. 70 ; 3 Fautasiestiicke for pi- tions in B-llat, op. 46.
anoforte and clarinet, op. 73 ; 3 Romances IX., Literary Works Gesammelte Schrif-
:
for pianoforte and oboe, op. 94 ; 5 Stiicke ten tiber Musik und Musiker (Leipsic,
im Volkston, for pianoforte and violoncello, 1875), translated by Fanny Riiymond Ritter
op. 102 Sonata for i)ianoforte and violin,
; Aug. Reissmann, Robert (London, 1877). —
No. 1, in A minor, op. 105 do. No. 2, in Schumann's Lebeu und Werke (Berlin, Gut- ;
D minor, op. 121 4 Mdrchenbilder for pi- tentag, 1865), translated by A. L. Alger
;
anoforte and viola, op. 113 4 Mdrchener- (London, 1886) Josef "NV. von Wasielewski, ; ;
zdhlungen for pianoforte and clarinet, op. Robert Schumann, eine Biographic (Dres-
132. den, Kunze, 1858, and Bonn, Strauss, 18SU),
VIII. For Pianoforte Variations on the translated by A. /
,
^ p :
name Abegg, op. 1 ; Papillons, op. 2 ; Stud- L. Alger (Bos- /^^^''^''^-'^^^-^^yC^

ies after Paganini's caprices, op.
mezzi, op. 4 Impromptus on a theme by
3 ; Inter- ton, 1871)
bros, Robert
;
Am- /{/IJ^ ^ S^ /)
;
,
Â^fWa^,^^
"^-vo-*,
Clara Wieck, op. 5 ; Davidsbundlertdnze, op. Schumanns /
G ; Toccata, op. 7 ; Allegro, op. 8 ; Garna- Tage und Werke, in Cultorhistorische Bilder
val, op. 9 ; 6 studies on Paganini's caj)rices, aus dem Musiklebeu der Gegenwart (Leip-
op. 10 ; Sonata No. 1, in F-sharp minoi', sic, Matthes, 1860), 51 Lc-once Mesnard, ;
op. 11 ; Fantasiestiicke (2 books), op. 12 ; Un successeur de Beethoven, etc. (Paris,

Etudes symphoniques, op. 13 ; Sonata No. 2, Sandoz et Fischbacher, 1876) ; Grove
in F minor, op. 14 ; 13 Kinderscenen, op. 15 ;
Mendel.
Kreisleriana, op. 16 ; Fantasie in C, op. 17 ;
SCHUNKE, KARL, born at Magdeburg
Arabeske, op. 18 ; Blumeustiick, op. 19 ; Hu- in 1801, died in Paris, Dec. 16, 1839. Pi-
moreske, op. 20 ; Novellelten (four son and pupil of the horn vii-tuoso
books), anist,
op. 21 ; Sonata No. 3, in G minor (Concert Michael Schunke, and studied further
sans orchestre), op. 22 ; Nachtstilcke, op. under Ries, with whom he went to Eng-
23 Faschingsschwank aus Wien, op. 26 3
; ; land. In 1828 he settled in Paris, played
Romanzen, op. 28 Scherzo, gigue, Ro- ;
in concerts and taught, was appointed pian-
manze and Fughette, op. 32 Album fiir ; ist to the queen in 1835, and decorated with
die Jugend, op. 68 4 fugues, op. 72

; 4 ; the Legion of Honour. Despairing of re-
marches, op. 76 ; Waldscenen, op. 82 Bunte ; covering from an attack of paralysis, he
Blatter, op. 99 ; 3 Fantasiestucke, op. Ill killed himself by jumping from a window.
3 sonatas for the young, op. 118 Album- ;
Works About 60 variations, fantasias,
:
bldtter, oj). 124 7 Pieces in fughetta form, ;

dances, and other compositions, mostly
op. 126 Gesdnge der Frtihe, op. 133
; very light in style. Fi'tis Riomann ;
— ; ;
Scherzo originally in the sonata op. 14, Schilling.

Posthumous work No. 12 Presto passio- SCHUNKE, LOUIS, boru in Cassel, Dec. ;
nate, original finale of the sonata op. 22, 21, 1810, died in Leipsic, Dec. 7, 1834.
P.W. No. 13 Accompaniments to J. S. Pianist,
;
son and pupil of the horn virtuoso
Bach's suites and sonatas for violin solo. Gottfried Schunke could play when only ;
For 4 hands Bilder aus Osten, op. 66 12 ten years old the concertos of ^lo/.art and
: ;
vierhiiudige Clavierstiicke fur kleine und Hummel. In 1821 his father took him on
grosse Kinder, op. 85 ; Ballscenen, op. 109 a concert tour to Darmstadt, Cassel, Han- ;
Kinderball, op. 130. —For pedal pianoforte over, und Leipsic, and in 1824 lie visited
Wi
;
: ;
SCHUPPANZIGII
Munich and Vienna. Then he finished his SCHUSTER, JOSEPH, born in Dresden,
musical studies in Paris under Kalkbrenner Aug. 11, 1748, died there, July 24, 1812.
ftnd Reicha, and after visiting Stuttgart, Dramatic composer,
Vienna, Prague, and Dresden, took up his pupil of Schiirer,
residence, in 1833, at Leij^sic, where, until went to Italy in
his premature death, he was very intimate 1765, returned to
with Schumann, and was one of the found- Dresden in 1769,
ers of the Neue Zeitschrift fiir Music. He and was made cham-
was an excellent player, and his compo- ber and court com-
eitions were very promising. Works poser in 1772. Two
Grand sonata ; Caprices ; Divertissement years later he again
Variations on Schubert's Valse funebre visited Italy, to study
Bondo ; etc. — Mendel Riemann
Fi'tis ; under Padre Martini
; ;
Schilling ; Schumann, Music and Musicians,

at Bologna, was made honorary maestro di
131. cappella by the King of Naples, and re-
SCHUPPANZIGH, IGNAZ, born in Vi- turned in 1776 after a third journey to ;
enna in 177G, died there. May 2, 1830. Italy iu 1778-81, he lived permanently at
Violinist, established and conducted for Dresden, and in 1787 was appointed Court
several years the morning concerts in the Kapellmeister, conducting alternately with
Augarteu then was a member of Prince Naumann, Schiirer, and Sej'delmann, in
;
Easumoflfsky's private quartet, where all of the chapel and at the opera. Works Op- —
Beethoven's new compositions were first eras La fedelta iu amore, Dresden, about :
tried, under the master's own supervision. 1770 ; L' idolo cinese, ib., 1774 Didone ;
After 1816, when this famous quartet was abbandouata, Naples, 1776 Demofoonte, ;
disbanded, he travelled in Germany, Po- Forli, 1776 L' amore artigiano, Venice, ;
land, and Russia, giving quartet-soirees 1776 La schiava liberata, Dresden, 1777 ;
with great success, and after his return to Der alchimist, operetta, ib., 1777 La Di- ;
Vienna in 1823, continued them there until done (new music), Venice, 1779 Ruggiero ;
his death. In 182-4 he joined the court or- e Bradamante, Padua, 1779 Creso in Me- ;
chesti'a, and in 1825 was made director of dia, Naples, 1779 Le bon ton, opera bufifa, ;
the Opera. Works Solo brillant, for vio- Venice Amore e Psiclie, Naples, 1780
:
;
;
lin with quartet Variations on a Russian L' isola disabitata, ib., 1781
; II marito indo- ;
theme, for do. ; 9 variations for 2 violins. lente, Dresden, 1782 II pazzo per forza, ;
— Wurzbach ; Schilling ; Hanslick, Gesch. ib., 1784 Lo spirito di contradizione, ib.,

;
des Concertwesens, 70, 229. 1785 Gli avari in trappola, ib., 1787 Rii-
; ;
SCHURER, JOHANN GEORG (really bezahl, ossia il vero amore, ib., 1789 II ;
ADAM), born at Raudnitz, Bohemia, about servo padrone, ib., 1793 Osmanno, dey ;
1732, died in Dresden, Feb. 16, 1786. d' Algeri, ib., 1800 Der gleichgiiltige Ehe- ;
Church and dramatic composer, entered mann Doktor Mvu-ner Sieg der Liebe
; ;
the service of the Elector-King at Dresden, iiber die Zauberei Das Laternenfest. Ora-;
in 1748. Works Operas Galatea, pas- — : torios: The Passion, Dresden, 1778 Esther, ;
torale, Dresden, 1746 Astrea, ib., 1746 ;

;
Ercole, ib., 1747; Calandro, ib., 1748;

Doris, German Singspiel, 1747 3 oratorios ; ;
5 cantatas 40 masses 3 Requiems

; 140 Venice, 1781 Mose riconosciuto, Dresden,
; ; ;
psalms 15 litanies
; 3 Te Deum 6 Mis- 1786 Betulia liberata, ib., 1787 Gioas, re
;
; ; ;
erere 75 hymns, etc.

; —
Mendel Riemann di Giuda, ib., 1803 Mass Confitebimur,
; ; ; ;
Wurzbach. Psalm Ixxiv. ; Te Deum ; Symphonies ; 6

,
SCIIUTT
quai'tets for strings ; Concerto for piano- his return to Germany he began to renew
forte ; do. for 2 pianofortes ; etc. — Fetis ;
his legal studies, until the Landgrave inter-
Gerber ; Mendel ; Riemann ; Schilling. fered, and he adopted music as a
definitely
SCHUTT, EDUARD, born in St. Peters- profession. In 1615 he was made Kapell-
burg, Oct. 22, 1856, still living, 18'JO. Pi- meister to the Elector of Saxony, at Dres-
Petersen and of Stein at the
anist, pupil of den, and continued to hold the oflSce, with
Conservatorium in St. Petersburg, and in but few and brief interruptions, for the rest
1876-78 pupil at the Conservatorium at of his life. After writing some important
Leipsic. He is now conductor of the sacred works, he was commissioned by the
Akademischer Wagner-Verein ^n Vienna. Elector, in 1627, to set to music Opitz'3
Works Concerto for pianoforte Serenade
:
; translation of Rinuccini's Dafne. This was
for string orchestra ; Variations for 2 piano- the first German opera, and, although the
fortes ; Transcrijitions ; Songs, etc. music has been since lost, it was almost
SCHtJTZ (Latinized, Sagittarius HEm- surely in the stile rappresentativo of Cac-
RICH, born at Kus- ciui and Peri. After this attempt, however,
tritz.Saxony, Oct. 8, Schiitz returned to sacred composition, and
1585, died in Dres- only once more wrote anything for the
den, Nov. 6, 1672. stage, a ballet with recitative and dialogue,
When thirteen years in 1638. In 1629 he made a second visit
old, he was admitted to Venice, where he found musical taste
as chorister into the much changed, owing to Monteverd's intlu-
chapel of Mor i t z ence. In 1631 Saxony was distracted by
Landgrave of Hesse- the Thirty Years' War, and in 1633 SchQtz,
Cassel, where he got although still retaining his title of Electoral
a good musical edu- Kapellmeister, was forced to quit Dresden.
cation and as thorough a general educa- Up to 1641 he lived at the courts of Chris-
tion as was consistent with the times. In tian IV. inCopenhagen, of Duke Georg of
1607 he entered the University of Marburg, Brunswick, and of some other princes. Re-
to study law, but in 1609 went to Venice, turning to Dresden in that year, he entered
at the Landgrave's expense, to complete his upon the task of reorganizing the Electoral
musical education under Giovanni Gabrieli, Kapelle, but without mai'ked success until
with whom he remained until the com- 164:5—47, so small were the musical resources
poser's death in 1612. During these three at his disposal. His position became even
years in Venice Schiitz not only worked more difficult when Bontempi came from
hard at strict counterpoint with his teacher, Berlin to share his Kapellmeistership with
but extended his studies to embrace the him. Bontempi was a far more thorough-
newer forms of composition with which the going partisan of the new school than
Florentine school was just then making no Schiitz, and the relations between the two
little stir in the musical world. It is highly were often very strained. Schiitz sent iu
probable that Schiitz pursued his studies his resignation more than once, but it was
in Caccini's Nuove Musiche and other such never accepted. His repeated quarrels with
things without his master's knowledge, for Bontempi seem to have aftected his whole
Gabrieli was not the man to have counte- relation to the new school, or, perhaps, ho
nanced a pupil of his having to do with saw in Bontempi an example of the danger
forbidden fruit of that sort. At all events, of the new school's trying to cut itself
Schiitz did not allow his admiration for wholly loose from the old for in the com- ;
the new school to interfere with his regular positions of the latter part of Schiltz's life
contrapuntal studies under Gabrieli. On we find a more and more striking lack of
351
;:
SCHUTZ
that dramatic, emotional element which was lische Exequien, 3 pieces, 6, 8, and more
introduced into music by the Florentine voc. (Dresden, 1636) Anderer Theil kleiner ;
reformers, and a more and more decided geistlichen Concerten, 1-5 voc. and con-
return to the contrapuntal forms of his tinuo (ib., 1639) Symphoniarum sacrarum ;
master, Gabrieli. But Schiitz's real strength secunda pars (ib., 1647) Musicalia ad cho- ;
was that he combined in himself the chief rum sacrum, 5-7 voc (ib., 1648) Symph. ;
merits of both schools to a degree that sacr. tertia pars (ib., 1650) Canticum B. ;
we find them united in Italy in his day Simeonis, two settings, 6 voc; 12 geistliche
in onlyone man —
Giacomo Carissimi. Gesange, 4 voc (ib., 1657) Historia der ;
Schiitz was to Germany what Carissimi was Freuden- und Gnadenreicheu Geburt Got-
to Italy, and more, too he stood at the
; tes und Marien Sohnes, Jesu Christi, etc.
beginning of a period of musical evolution (ib., 1664, incomplete) Die sieben Worte ;
in which the structural and emotional ele- und Seligmachers

unsers lieben Erlusers
ments in music were developed harmo- Jesu Christi, etc. (MS. parts in the Cassel
niously and in due mutual proportion. Library published in score, edited by Carl ;
And, as Carissimi was, in Italy, the true Riedel, Leipsic, 1873) Historia des Leideus ;
father of the oratorio, so also was Schiitz, inund Sterbens unsers HeiTns Jesu Christi
Germany, the father of that form of the A, Nach dem Evangelisten St. Matthseus b, ;
Passion-music which we find in its complete Nach St. Marcus c, Nach, ... ; . . .
development in the works of Sebastian St. Lucas d, Nach St. Johannes ; ...
Bach. Works: H primo libro de' madri- (a MS. of an older form of the Johannes-
gali, etc. (Venice, 1611) 3 pieces d'occasion, Passion is dated 1665 A MS. copy of all
;
;
called Concerte (Dresden, 1618) Psalmen four Passions together, made by J. Z. Grun-
;
Davids sammt etliche Moteten und Cou- dig in 1690, is in the Leipsic Stadt-Biblio-
certen mit 8 und mehr stimmen thek) Several motets and concerted pieces ;
mit beigefiigtem basso continuo, etc. (ib., (see Eitner, Monatsschrift fiir Musik-Ge-
1619) Psalm cxxxiii., 8 voc. with continuo, schichte, xviii., 62, 67-70).
; The following
for his brother's wedding (ib., 1619) Syn- have been lost Daphne, opera, Torgau,
; :
charma musicum tribus choris, etc., for the 1627 Ballet with dialogue and recitative, ;
restoration of peace in Silesia (Vratislaw, for the marriage of Johann Georg II., of
1621) ;Historia der frohlichen und sieg- Saxony, 1638. [Another ballet. Von Zusam-
reicheu Auferstehung uusers einigen Erlij- menkunft und Wirkung VII. Planeten, of
sers und Seligmachers Jesu Christi, etc. which a MS. exists, is ascribed to Schiitz
(Dresden, 1623) Elegy on the death of So- by Eitner, but its authenticity is doubtful.]
;
phia, Duchess of Saxony (Freiberg, 1623) The publication of a complete edition of

;
Cantiones sacrai, 1 voc, cum basso ad orga- Schiitz's works in score, edited by Friedrich
num, 41 pieces (ib,, 1625) De vitas fugaci- Chrysander and Philipp Spitta, was begun
;
tate, 5 voc. and continuo (ib., 1625) Psal- ;
men Davids, in teutschen Eeimen gebracht

durch D. Cornelium Beckern
voc. (ib., 1628
;
Giistrow, 1640
;
1661) Symphonire sacrse . .

;
...
.
4
Dresden,
variis
/^rfl^
vocibus ac instrumentis accomodatse, a 3, 4, by Breitkopf in Leip- & Hiirtel,
5, 6 (Venice, 1629) ; Dass is je gewisslich sic, on Oct.1885 seven vol-
8, ;
wahr, motet 6 voc, in memory of Johann umes have appeared Vol. I. :
Hermann Schein (Dresden, Erster 1631) ; Historia der Aufersteh- . . .
Theil kleiner geistlichen Concerten, 1-4 ung . Jesu Christi

. . 4 Passions ;
voc. and continuo (Leipsic, 1636) Musika- ; Die sieben Worte, etc; the incomplete His-
352
SCIIUTZE
toria cltT . . . Geburt . . . Jcsu mental and vocal composer, jnipil of I'flug-
Christi ; the older form of the Johaunes- haupt, and at the Couservatorium at Leip-
Passion. Vols. 11. and III. : Psalms and sic ; was conductor in 1870-75 of several
motets of 1G19. Vol. IV. Cantioues sacr;v3 musical societies at Elbing, and now lives
of 1G25. Vol. V. Sympbonitc sacne, Part in the same capacity at KOnigsberg.
L, 1G29. Vol. VI. Geistliche Concerte, of Works Frauenlob, opera, Leipsic, 1885 :
;
1G36 and 1639. Vol. VII. Sympliouia sa- Serenade for orchestra Many choruses for ;
crte, Part U., 1G47.— Grove, iv. 45, 787; male voices Pianoforte music. ;
Fetis Mendel.
; SCH W.VNBERG, J O H A N N G OTT-
SCHUTZE, ALFRED EDU/VRD, born FRIED, born at Wolfenbiittel, Dec. 28,
in Hamburg, May 8, 1817, died in Berlin, 1740, died at Brunswick, March 29, 1804.
April 13, 1877. Pianist, pupil of Eder and Dramatic composer, pupil of Latilla and
Guntrum, and in composition of Elkarap. of Saratelli in Venice, where he received
In 183G he went to Ploen, Holstein, where also the advice of Hasse, and took him for
he was much sought as a teacher, con- his model. After his return he was ap-
ducted a choral society, and in 1842 found- pointed Hof-Kapellmeister to the Duke of
ed the Liedertafel. He then lived, similar- Brunswick. Works Operas Adriano in — :
ly occupied, at Christiania, in 1843-45, and Siria, Solimanno, Brunswick, 17G2 Ezio, ;
settled in Berlin, where he became vocal ib., 17G3 Talesti-i Didone abbandouata
; ;
;
instructor at the Friedrich Wilhelm'sches Issifile, 17GG

Zenobia II Parnasso accu-
; ;
Pro-Gymnasium in 1858, and received the sato e difeso Antigono ; Romeo e Giulia,
;
title of royal music director, in 1874. Of Olympiade, 1782 II trionfo della costanza, ;
his numerous compositions, in almost every about 1794 Der Ausspruch des Apollo, dra-
;
branch, only few have been published. matic prologue, 1794 2 cantatas Concertos ; ;
—Mendel. for pianoforte do. for violin Sonatas fyr; ;
SCHWAB, FRANgOLS MARIE LOUIS, pianoforte. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling.

born in Strasburg, April 18, (The
1829, Swan's died SCHWANENGESANG
there, Sept. G, 1882. Dramatic composer Song), fourteen songs for one voice with
and musical critic, jjupil of Edouard Hausser pianoforte accompaniment, written by Schu-
on the pianoforte, and of Philippe Hoerter bert in 1828. The words are by Heine
in harmony he was conductor of the Union and Rellstab.
; Those of the latter were
Musicale at Strasburg, in 1871-74, and later originally among the papers of Beethoven,
musical editor of the Journal d'Alsace. and fell into Schubert's hands through
—
Works Operas La nuit tons les chats Schindler. This has been exaggerated into
:
sont gris, Strasburg, 1858 Les amours de an idea that Beethoven expressed a wish
;
Sylvio, Baden, 18G1 Les deux consulta- that Schubert should set them. Schubert's
;
tions, Strasburg, 18G7. Mass with full or- MS., formerly in possession of Fran Has-
chestra, ib., 1859 ; Benedictus, O Salutaris, linger (Vienna), is dated " Uebcrreicht den
and other church music ; Grande fantaisie, 13 Jenner, 1829." Nos. I. to XIH. were
for clarinet ; Concerto composed in August, 1828, and No. XIV.,
Solo for saxophone ;
for - violoncello ; Les supposed to bo Scliubert's last song, in

Cantabilo for do. ;
voix de la lyre, cantata, Strasburg, 18G3 October, 1828. Part i. I. Liebcsbotschaft ;
Le dernier chant de Corinnc, scene for so- (Rellstab) II. Kriegers Ahnung (do.) III. ; ;
prano, with orchestra Vocal melodies Friihlingssehnsiicht (do.); IV. Stiindchen

; ;
Choruses for male voices, etc. Fetis, Sup- (do.) V. Aufenthalt (do.) — VI. In iler ; ;
plement, ii. 505. Feme (do.). Part ii. VII. Abschied (do.) ;
SCHWALM, ROBERT, born at Erfurt, VIII.Der Atlas (Heine) IX. Ilir BiM (do.); ;
Dec. G, 1845, still living, 1890. Instru- X. Das Fischermiidchen {do.) XI. Die ;
86S
;
SCHWEGLER
Stadt (do.) ; Xn. (do.) Am
XJH. Meer ;
Works : Alceste, Leipsic, 1774, and on most
Der Doppelgiiuser XTV. Die Tau- (do.) ;
of the stages of Germany ; Elysium, Konigs-
benpost (J. G. Seidl). First published by berg, 1774; Die Dorfgala, 1777; Derlustige
Haslinger (Vienna, 1828), also by Breitkopf Schuster, operetta Apollo unter den Hir- ;
& Hiirtel (Leipsic), by Peters (ib.) by Senfi" ; ten, prologue Die Stufen des menschlicheu
;
(ib.) by Litolff (Brunswick) and by Schu-

;
; Alters, do. Das Fest der Thalia, do.
; Au- ;
berth (Hamburg). There ai-e many arrange- rora Die Wâhl des Herkules Walmir und
; ;
ments for various voices, for violin and piano- Gertraud Erwiu und Elmire ; Polyxena ; ;
forte, for violoncello and pianoforte, for vio- Pygmalion, monodrama Rosamunde Die ; ;
lin, violoncello and pianoforte, for voice and Wâflfen des Achilles, ballet Die Amazone, ;
guitar, and as part-songs also various ar- ; do.; Music to comedies and tragedies, etc.
rangements for the pianoforte solo, includ- ^Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
ing Liszt's transcription for two hands (Has- SCHWENKE (Schwencke), CHRIS-
linger, Vienna Schlesinger, Berlin). Am
; TIAN FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB, born at
Meer and Der Doppelgiinger, with orches- Wachenhausen, Hartz, Aug. 30, 1767, died in
tration by Theodore Thomas, were sung by Hamburg, Oct. 27, 1822, Instrumental and
Emil Fischer at the New York Philharmonic vocal composer, pupil of Marpurg and Kirn-
concert, Nov. 17, 1888. Nottebohm, Ver- — berger ; then studied at the universities of
zeichniss, 234: Kreissle vou Hellborn (Cole-
; Leipsic and Halle, and, when only twenty-
ridge), Schubert, 133, 191 ; Aus two years old, succeeded Philipp Emanuel
Rellstab,
meinemLeben (Berlin, 18G1); Grove, Bach as cantor and music-director at the
iii. 349.
SCHWEGLER, JOHANN DAVID, born Katherinenkirche, Hamburg. He contrib-
at Endersbach, Wiirtemberg, Jan. 7, 1759, uted many articles to the Leipsic Allge-
died in Stuttgart in 1817.Virtuoso on the meine musikalische Zeituug. Works — Can-
oboe, educated at the military academy, tatas : Oster-Cantate, Michaelis-Cantate,
but embraced music, and entered the or- Lobgesang auf die Harmonic, Geburtstags-
chestra of the Duke of Wiirtemberg. Cantate, 1789 Um Erdeu wandeln Monde, ;
Works 16 concertos for oboe ! sympho-

: ; ode by Klopstock, Passions-Cantate, Trauer-
nies concertantes, for do. ; 6 quartets, 6 Cantate auf deu Tod Joseph II., Weih-
trios, duos, 12 soli, for do. ; Concertos, nachts-Cantate, 1790 ; Geburtstags-Cantate,
duos, and soli, for horn, clarinet, and flute 1791. Oratorium auf die Wahl Leopold H.,
4 quartets for 2 flutes and 2 horns Duos 1790 ; ; Die Feier der Natur, oratorio, 1792 ;
for flutes Pieces for wind instruments

; Other cantatas for special occasions Pater ; ;
Songs. —
Fetis Schilling. ; noster, psalm Der Frohsinn Motets, and ; ;
SCHWEITZER, ANTON, Co- many other compositions for the church ;

born at
burg in 1737, died at 6 fugues for organ 3 sonatas for violin ;
Gotha, Nov. 23, 1787. and pianoforte. Fetis Mendel Schilling. — ; ;
Dramatic composer, SCHWENKE, FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB,

pui:)il of Kleinknecht born in Hamburg, Dec. 15, 1823, still liv-
at Bayreuth, was then ing, 1890. Organist and pianist, son and
for a time music di- pupil of the following, appeared in con-
rector at Hildburg- certs at an early age, and in 1855 in organ
hausen, spent three concerts in Paris. He succeeded his father
years in Italy, and in at the Nicolaikirche, in 1852. Works : 3
1772 became Kapell- fantasias, for organ, trumpet, trombone,
meister to the Duke and kettle-drums Sacred songs for female ;
of Saxe-Weimar afterwards he occupied chorus, with organ Many choral-preludes,

;
;
the same position at the court of Gotha. and songs.
864
;
SCHWEXKE
SCHWENKE, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, chestra at Toulouse, he became in 1788
born in Hamburg, April 30, 1792, died first violin at the Grand Theatre in Mar-
there, Sept. 28, 1852. Organist, violon- seilles, where he married the famous singer
cellist, and clarinet player, son and pupil Julie Cr6cy (17G8-1807). In 1791 he was
of Christian Schwenke, and on the violon- called to Paris to conduct the orchestra of
cello pupil of Prell and Bernhard Romberg. the Theatre Mohere, but left in 1792 to
In 1827 he devoted himself, almost exclu- enter the orchestra of the Theatre Feydeau.
sively, to the organ, and in 1829 became Works Operas La France regenoreo, Lo — :
organist of the Nicolaikirche at Hamburg. re veil de Camaillaka, Paris, 1791 ; Le sopha,

Works : More than 300 preludes and con- ib,,1792 Isidore et Montrose, Lisia, Tam-
;
clusions for the organ About 1,000 chorals,; boiirin de Provence, ib., 1793. Fetis Men- — ;
harmonized 73 Russian folk songs, do.

; ;
del.
Cantata, with organ Septet for 5 violon- ; SCIPIOXE, Italian opera in three acts,
celli, bass, and kettle-drums music by Handel, first
; Many ar- text by Paolo Rolli,
rangements for pianoforte, of vrorks by represented at the King's Theatre, London,
Spohr, Beethoven, Mozart, and others. March 12, 1726. The autograph, in Buck-
— Fetis Mendel Schilling,
; ; ingham Palace, is dated March 2, 1720.
SCHWENKE, KARL, born in Hamburg, Original cast Scipione (A.), Signor Baldi :
March 7, 1797, died (?). Pianist, son and Lucejo, Prince of the Celtiberi (S.), Senesino ;
pupil of Christian Schwenke, began to C. Lelio, Roman general (T.), Signor Boro-
travel extensively at the age of seventeen, sini Ernando, King of the Balearic Isles, and ;
achieving success in the north of Europe, father of Berenice (B.), Signor Baldi Bere- ;
and in Vienna and Paris. He lived last nice, prisoner (S.), Signoi'a Cuzzoni Armi- ;
at Nussdorf, near Vienna. A jârt of his ra, prisoner (A.), Signora Costantini and ;
memoirs appeared in the Hamburger Rosalba, mother of Berenice (A.), Signora

Korrespondent, 188-1-85. Works Solemn Dotti. The opera was revived in 1730, :
mass, given in Paris Sonatas for violin when the part of Scipione was changed to
;
and pianoforte do. for pianoforte Fan- tenor, and those of Lelio and Armira to
; ;
tasias, etc., for do. —

Fetis Riemann Schil- alto. The march, performed after the
; ;
ling. overture, has been played for many years

SCHWINDEL (Schwindl), FREDERIK, by the band of the British Grenadier
born in Amsterdam in 1740, died in Carls- Guards at parade, under the name of the
ruhe, Aug. 11, 1786. Instrumental com- " Royal Guards March." It was intro-
poser, lived at The Hague about 1770, then duced into Gay's opera, " Polly," as a
at Geneva, where he estabhshed a music chorus to the words " Brave boys, pre-
school later at Miihlhausen, and in 1785 pare." The score was published simultane-
;
at Lausanne, whence he went to Carlsruhe. ously by Walsh, Cluer, and ]Meares (Lon-
Works : 18 symphonies for orchestra
; 6 don, 1730). Chrysander's edition for the
quartets for strings 4 trios for pianoforte Hiindelgesellschaft, published by Breitkopf
;
and strings G trios for flute and strings & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1877). Other operas on
; ;
12 duos for violins G do. for violin and this subject, in Italian Scipione Afrioano,
;
:
violoncello G do. for violin and viola

; G by Cavalli, text by Minato, Venice, 1664 ;
;
do. for flutes. In manuscript Concertos music revised by Viviani, 1G78 by Fran-: ;
for the flute ; 4 French operas ; 2 German cesco Bianchi, Naples, 1787 by Albertini, ;
operettas. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling. Rome, 1789 I gloriosi presaggi di Scipione

;
SCIO, I^:TIENNE, bom Bordeaux, Africano, by Attilio Ariosti, text by l)>)nato

in
France, in 176G, died in Feb. 21, Cupeda, Vienna, 1704 La coiiquistn della
Paris, ;
179G. Violinist, at first in the theatre or- Spagna di Scipione il (Jiovane, by ]\Iarc.
;;
SCIROLI
Ant. Bononciui, text by Don Paolo del Alessandro nell' Indie, Bologna, 1774 ; 6
Nera, Vienna, 1707 ;

and bass Concerto for
Scipioue Afiicano il trios for 2 violins ;
Maggiore, serenata by Pasquini, music by the flute, with violin and bass. Fetis. —
PorsUe, Vienna, Oct. 1, 1730 and by An- SCOLARI, GIOSEFFO, born in Venetia
;
tonio Caldara, ib., Nov. 4, 1735 Scipione (at Vicenza?), about 1720, died (?). Dramatic
;
nelle Spagne, Zeno's text, set by Pollarolo, composer, distinguished for novelty of ideas
Venice, 1712 by Alessantlro Scarlatti, Na- and the grace of his melodies.
;
Works
ples, 1714: by Antonio ;
Caldara, Vienna, Operas Pandolfo, Venice, 1745 La fata — : ;
Nov. 4, 1722 by Tonimaso Albinoni, Ve- maravigliosa, ib., 1746 L' Olimpiade, 1747
; ; ;
nice, 1724 by Giovanni Ferandini, Munich, n vello d' oro, 1749 Chi tutto abbraccia,
; ;
1732 by Baldassare Galuppi, Venice, 1746 nulla stringe, 1753

;
La cascina, Statira,
; ;
Scipione, by Araja and Sarti, St. Peters- 1756 La conversazione, Artaserse, Alessan- ;
burg, 1739 by Giordani, Ferrara, 1788

;
dro neir Indie, 1758 II ciarlatano, 1759 ; ; ;
L' eroismo di Scipione, by David Perez, La buona figliuola maritata, 1762 Cajo ;
Palermo, 1741 ; La clemenza di Scipione, Mario, Milan, about 1763 ; Tamerlano, ib.,
by Johann Christian Bach, London, 17G5 1764 La famiglia in scompiglio, Dresden, ; ;
Scipione il Giovane, by Predieri, text by about 1765 La donna stravagante, La schi- ;
Bertolotti, Venice, 1731 Scipione dor- ava riconosciuta, Venice, 1766; II finto ca-
;
mente, composer unknown, Munich, 1755 valiere. Symphony Concerto for violin. ;
;
Scipione in Cartagiue, by Baldassare Ga- Fetis Schilling. — ;
luppi, London, 1742 by Antonio Locchiui, SCOTCH Sy]MPHONY, in A minor, by

;
Paclua, about 1770 by Sacchini, text by Mendelssohn, op. 56, first performed at the
;
Giunti, Munich, 1770 by Luigi Caruso, Gewandhaus, Leipsic, March 3, 1842. This,
;
1781 by Domenico Cercia, Naples, 1801

;
the composer's third published symphony,
by Mercadante, Rome, 1821 La caduta was suggested by his visit to Scotland in
;
della Nuova Cartagine, text by Sografi, mu- 1829. The theme of the introduction was
sic by Farinelli, Venice, 1803. Operas in written at Holyrood in that year, and the
German Der grossmiithige Scipio Afrikanus, work was sketched out in Italy in 1831, and
:
by Sigisinund Cousser, text by Fideler, finished in Germany in January, 1842. I.

Hamburg, 1694 by Karl Heinrich Graun, Introduction Allegro agitato H. Scherzo
; : ; :
same text, Brunswick, 1731 and Scipio Allegro vivace HI. Adagio cantabile IV.
; ; ;
vor Karthago, by Knecht, about 1800, not Allegro guerriero. Finale Maestoso. It :
given. In French Scipion, by Mehul, was first given at the London Philharmonic
:
1795, not given, and Scipion a Carthage, under Mendelssohn's direction, June 13,
by J. N. A. Lefroid de Mei-eaux, about 1842, and first by the New York Philhar-
1795, not given. See II Sogno di Scipione. monic in the season of 1845-46. The score,
— Chrysander, Handel, ii. 140 Burney, iv. dedicated to Queen Victoria, was published
;
303. by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leij^sic, 1851). Do.,

SCIROLI, GREGORIO, born in Naples Mendelssohn Werke, Scrie i.. No. 3. Grove, —
about 1725, died at Palermo, date not known. ii. 264 iii. 437 Upton, Standard Sympho- ; ;
Dramatic composer, pupil of the Conscrva- nies, 178.

torio della Pieta de' Turchini, Naples, after- SE AL LABBRO MIO NON CREDI,
wards professor of harmony at the Con- aria for tenor with orchestra, in G minor,
servatorio de' Figliuoli Dispersi, Palermo. text from Metastasio's Artaserse, music by
Works Ulisse errante, Palermo, 1749 Mozart, composed for Anton Raaff in Man-
:
Achille in Sciro, Merope, Naples, 1751 Li heim, Feb. 27, 1778. Breitkopf & Hiirtel,
;
nnamorate correvate (in Neapolitan dialect), ]Mozart Werke, Serie vi.. No. 18. Kochel, —
ib., 1752 La finta pastorella (?), ib., 1755 Verzeichniss, No. 295 Andre, No. 124.
;
; ;
:
SEBASTIANI
SEBASTIANI, JOHANN, born ut Weimar appointed professor of composition at the
in 1G22, died Church composer, stud- Vienna Consorvatorium. Among his pupils
(?).
ied several years in Italy, and in 1C50 went were the Princes Czartoryski, Preyer, Bruck-
to Konigsberg, where in 1661 he was made ner, Nottebohm, Otto Bach, Rosa Kastner,
Kapellmeister to the Elector of Branden- Benoni, Vieuxtemps, Pauer, and Thalberg.
burg. Works Das Leyden und Sterben He was extremely industrious, and never let
:
unseres Herru und Heylandes Jesu Christi, a day pass without writing at least a fugue,
passion for 5 voices and G instruments, with but after working all his life, his easy good
basso continuo (1672) Geistliche und welt- nature was the cause of his losing everything
;
liche Lieder in Melodien gesetzt (1675). and dying poor. His compositions show
—Mendel. him to have been one of the most learned
SeBOE, KAREL, born at Brandeis-on- contrapuntists of the century. Works
the-Elbe, Bohemia, July 18 (Aug. 13?), Many fugues, hymns, preludes, and other
1843, still living, 1890. Dramatic com- pieces for organ Masses, gi-aduals, offer- ;
poser, pupil of Mildner at the Conservato- tories, oratorios, cantatas, and other church
rium, and of Kittl, in Prague was in the music 2 string quartets Fugue in memory
; ; ;
service of a Polish nobleman at Warsaw in of Schubert Contrapuntal studies Fugues, ; ;
1861-G3, then Kapellmeister at the theatre canons, sonatas, variations, and other music
in Erfurt, and in 18G4: at the National Op- for pianoforte Songs Ali Hitsch-Hatsch, ; ;
era in Prague. In 1867-68 he travelled in burlesque opera, performed in 1844, and

Germany, and in 1871 became military Ka- many other compositions, mostly unpub-
pellmeister in Vienna. Works Operas lished. —
He published also a Thorough-
(Czecli) The Templars in Moravia, Prague, Bass School, and issued a new edition of
:
1864 Drahomira, ib., 1867 The Hussite's Marpurg's Abhandlung von der Fuge. His
; ;
Bride, ib., 1868 ; 1870 The

Blanka, ib., ;
frustrated Wedding, 1878. Festival can-

tata, Prague, 1868 The May Night, can-
;
Cq^>h^^^
tata ; Symphonies Overtures Quintet for
;
;
strings; Quartet for do. ; Sonatas, fantasias, greatest theoretical treatise is, Die Grund-
etc., for pianoforte ; Choruses, and songs. siitze der musikalischen Composition (Lcip-
—Wurzbach. sic, 1853-54, 3 vols). Wurzbach Schil-— ;
SECHTER, SIMON, born at Friedberg, ling ; Riemann ; Fctis.

Bohemia, Oct. 11, 1788, died in Vienna, Sept. SE DOLCE M' ERA GIA, alto aria of
10, 1867. Contrapuntist, first instructed Floridante, in C minor, with accompani-
by Johannes Maxandt, regens chori in his ment of strings complete (senza cembalo),
native town, but studied mostly at home in Handel's Floridante, Act HI., Scene 4.
with little help from teachers he went to ; Published also separately, with the accom-
Vienna in 1804, and became the pupil of paniment transcribed by Otto Dresel (Leip-
Kozeluch and Hartmann. In 1810 he was sic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel).
made instructor of pianoforte and singing SEE, THE CONQU'RING HERO
in the Institute for the Blind, where he COMES, chorus in G major in Hantlel's
composed for his pupils and gave concerts Joshua, Act III., Scene 2. The first verse
"
with them. He became in 1824 assistant issung by a three-part "Chorus of Youths
court organist, and in 1825 court organist. (2 S. and A.), with accompaniment of two
"
His reputation as a teacher of harmony and horns und "organotasto solo, sonzabassi ;
counterpoint was so great that even Schu- the second verso, by a two-part "Chorus of
bert, shortly before his death, thought of Virgins " (2 S.), with accompanimont of
taking lessons from him. In 1850 he was two fiiitcHaiid oviîxu (ho third vorso by the
;
357
SEEGERT
full four-part chorus, witli accompaniment St. Martin's, where he succeeded Johann
of two horns, two flutes, two oboes, strings Zach as organist, at the same time occupy-
complete, and continuo. Handel introduced ing the position of first violin at the Tein-
Judas Macca- kirche. He was appointed organist of the
this chorus in the third act of
bteus, when he remodelled this oratorio in latter in 1741, and later of the Kreuzherren-
1751. kirche. One of the most celebrated organ
SEEGERT. See Seger. players of his time, he formed many dis-
SEELEWIG, Das geistliche Waldgedicht tinguished pupils. Joseph H., who was
Oder Freudenspiel, genannt, Singspiel in delighted by his playing on his visit to
three acts, text by Georg Philipp Harsdorf- Prague in 1781, appointed him organist
fer, music by Sigismund Gottlieb Staden, of the court chapel in Vienna several months
first represented at Nuremberg in IGi-l. later, but when the nomination reached
This is the oldest known German musical Prague he had just died. Of his numerous
drama. Characters represented Seelewig compositions, consisting of masses, motets,
:
(S.), Sinnigunda (S.), and Herzigilda (S.), litanies, psalms, etc., only 8 toccatas and
nymphs and shepherdesses Gwissulda, a fugues for organ, and preludes for do.,
;
; ; —
matron (A.) Kiinsteling (A.) Ehrelob (T.), were published. Dalibor (Prague, 1862), v.
and Reichimut (T.), shepherds and Truge- No. 17 Ft'tis Mendel Wurzbach.
; ; ; ;
walt (B.), a satyr. The accompaniment con- SEHET, JESUS HAT DIE HAND, aria
sists of three violins, three flutes, three in E-flat major for the alto of Coro I., with
shawms, and one horn. Copies of the first accompaniment of two oboi di caccia, organ,
edition, published in Nuremberg in 1644, and continuo, interrupted at intervals by
are in the KOnigliche Bibliothek, Berlin, in exclamations from Coro H., accompanied by
the Gymnasial-Bibliothek, Frankfort-on-the- two oboes, strings complete, organ, and con-
Main ; and in the Marieukirche, Elbing. tinuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's Passioyi
A new edition with pianoforte score, by nach Matthiius, Part II. No, 70. ,
Robert Eitner, was published by Trautwein SEHLING, JOSEPH ANTONIN, born

(Berlin, 1881). — HarsdOrfter, Fraueuzim- at Teising, Bohemia, about 1680, died in
mergesprachspiele (Nuremberg, 1G44) Prague, Sept. 9, 1756. Church composer,
;
Monatshefte fiir Mus. Gescli., xiii. 53 Reiss- studied in Prague, entered the service of
;
mann, Allgem. Gesch. d. Mus., ii. 159. Count Morzin, and afterwards became regens
SEELING, HANUS, born in Prague in chori at the Barnabite church in Prague.
1829, died there, May 1862.
2G, Pianist, Works Filius prodigus, oratorio
: Masses, ;
went appeared there Requiems, offertories, etc. Two Latin op-

to Italy in 1852, first
in public, and after a visit to the East in eras, of which Constautinus was given at the
1856, resided there until 1859, leaving it Jesuits' College, in 1751, and the second at
only for concert trips. After a sojourn in the coronation of Maria Theresa as Queen
—
Southern Tyrol, he went to Paris, whither of Bohemia. Gerber Wurzbach. ;
he returned in 1861, after a visit to Ger- SEHNSUCHT-WALZER (Waltz of Long-

many. His compositions belong to the ing), a waltz known also as " Le Desir,"
class of refined pianoforte literature. —
Bo- often attributed to Beethoven. It was com-
hemia (Prague, 1862), 1259 Wurzbach.
; piled from a Tx-auer-Walzer, written by
SEGER (Seegert, Seege, Zekert), JO- Schubert in 1816, and published in 1821
SEPH (FERDINAND NORBERT), born at as No. 2 of the " Original-Tiinze," op. 9,
Repin, near Meluik, Bohemia, March 21, and from Himmel's Favorit-Walzer. This
1716, died in Prague, April 22, 1782. Or- waltz was published under Beethoven's
ganist, pupil of Bohuslav Cernohorsk^, a name by Schott (Mainz, 1826).
Franciscan friar became second violinist at
; SEID MEINER WONNE. See Stradella.
868
; ;
SEIDEL
SEIDEL, FEIEDRICH LUDWIG, born Works : Overture and entr'actes to Schil-
I
at Treuenbrietzeu, Brandeiiburg, Prussia, ler's " Jungfrau von Orleans ;

" Symphony
[
;
June 1, 1765, died at Cliarlottenburg, May Ariadne auf Naxos, concert-cantata Cho-
;
5, Dramatic and church composer, ruses for male, and mixed voices.
1831. — Mendel
pupil in Berlin ofBenda he accompanied Riemanu. ;
Reichardt to Paris and London, and after SEX GETREU BIS IN DEN TOD, tenor
his return settled in Berlin, to teach the cavatinawith violoncello obligate, in C
pianoforte. In 1792 he became organist of major, in Mendelssohn's Faulus, Part H.,
the Marienkirche, in 1801 assistant con- No. 40.
ductor at the National-Theater, in 1808 SEILER, JOSEF, born at Liigde, near
music director of the royal orchestra, and Pyrmont, Jan. 15, 1823, died at Miinster,
in 1822 Hof-Kapellmeister. Works— Op- Westphalia, May 29, 1877. Organist and
eras Jery und Biitely Hero und Leander, church composer, pupil of Johann Schneider
: ;
melodrama Der Dorfbarbier, Berlin, 1817 and Reissiger, in Dresden he was organ-
; ;
Die Abeuteuer des Eitters Don Quixote, ist in his native place until 1859, then at
dramatic burlesque (with others), ib., 1811 the Moritzkirche, Miinster. His masses and
Lila, ib., 1818 Nebukadnezar, about 1820, other numerous compositions for the church
;
not given Honorina, about 1820, do. Mu- remain in manuscript.

; He contributed
sic to ballets, and to many dramas, etc. many articles to music periodicals. Men- ;
—
Die Unsterblichkeit, oratorio, 1797 Masses, del Riemann. ; ;
motets Hymns, and psalms, for soli,

; SEISS, ISIDOR (WILHELM), born in
chorus, and orchestra Pianoforte music, Dresden, Dec. 23, 1840, still hviug, 1890.
;
Songs. —
Fetis Ledebur, Tonkiiustl. Lex., Pianist, pupil of Wîeck and Julius Otto in
;
542 Mendel.
; Dresden, and of Hauptmann in Leipsic ;
SEIDELMANN, EUGEN, born at Ren- after several concert tours, he became in-
gersdorf, near Glatz, Silesia, April 12, 1806, structor at the Conservatorium in Cologne,
died at Breslau, July 31, 1864. Dramatic about 1868, and received the title of pro-
and church composer, went to Breslau in fessor in 1878. Works Feierliche Szeue :
1826, to study theology, assumed in 1828 und Marscli, for orchestra Adagio for vio- ;
the direction of the Akademische Gesang- loncello, with orchestra Sonatinas, toc- ;
verein, and in 1830 became Kapellmeister cata, preludes, and other pieces for piano-
of the theatre. Works Virginie, given at forte Transcriptions, and arrangements of
: ;
Breslau, 1839 Das Fest zu Kenilworth, ib., Haydn's quartets, Beethoven's Danses alle-
;
1843 Music to several dramas 2 masses, mandes, etc. Riemann.

; ; —
Avith orchestra ; Requiem ; Stabat Mater ;
SEI STILLE DEM HERRN, alto aria of
Ofifertories, and graduals ; Songs. His wife, the angel, in C major, in Mendelssohn's
Marie Dickmann (born at Elbing, 1817), a E/ias, Part H., No. 31.
dramatic singer, married him in 1841, and SEIXAS, JOSE ANTONIO CARLOS
left the stage in 1845. —Fetis. DE, born at Coimbra, Portugal, June 11,
SEIFRIZ, MAX, born at Rottweil, Wiir- 1704, died at Lisbon, Aug. 25, 1742. Or-
temberg, Oct. 9, 1827, died in Stuttgart, ganist of the Basilica at Lisbon, knight of
Dec. 20, 1885. Works: Ton masses
Violinist, pupil of Tiiglichs- the order of Christ.
beck, became 4-8 voices with orchestra To Doum
solo violin in the orchestra of for ;
Prince Hohenzollern, atHechingen, in 1841, for 4 choirs Motets for 2-4 voices Toc- ; ;
at the Stadttheater of Ziirich in 1849, and catas for organ. Vasconcellos. —

Hof-Kapellmeister to his former master, at S^:JAN, NICOLAS, born in Paris, Marcli
Lciwenberg, in 1854. After the prince's 19, 1745, died there, March 16, 1819. Vir-
death in 1869, he settled in Stuttgart. tuoso on the organ, pupil of his uncle, Nico-
869
SfiLAM
las Gilles Forqueray (1702-Gl), and in har- (Hamburg, 1624)

Delicise pastorum Arca- ;
mony Boruier (died 17G4). He diae (ib., 1624)

of the Abbc' Hagiodecamelydria (ib., ;
became organist of 8aint-Andre-des-Arts in 1631) Monophonia harmonica latina (ib.,

;
1760, at Notre Dame in 1772, witli Daquiu, 1633) Concentus 2 voc. ad bassum con-
;
Couperin, and Balbatre, at Saiut-Sulpice in tinuum (ib., 1634) Decas i)rima amorum ;
1783, and of the royal chapel in 1789, when musicalium (ib., 1635) Coucentuum tri- ;
lie was also appointed professor at the Ecole vocalium, etc. (ib., 1635) Concentuum ;
lloyale de Chant. During the revolution latino-sacrorum, etc. (ib., 1646, 1651) ;
he lost his positions, but in 1807 was made Johann Ristens Sabbathische Seelenlust
organist of the Eglise des Invalides, and in (Liineburg, 1651) Do., Musikalische Fest- ;
1814 again of the royal chapel. Works andachteu (ib., 1655). In MS.
: Teutsche :
Three trios for pianoforte and strings 6 geistliche Concerten, Madrigalien und Mo-
;
sonatas for violin and pianoforte Fugues et tetten mit 3-16 Stimmen, in the library at
;
Noels, for organ or pianoforte Eecueil de Hamburg. Fetis Gerber

; —
Mendel Rie- ; ; ;
roudeaux et airs, for pianoforte. His son mann.

and pupil, Louis (178G-1849), succeeded SELLNER, JOSEF, born at Landau,
him as organist at the Invalides, and in Bavaria, March 13, 1787, died in Vienna,
1819 at the royal chapel. He published May 17, 1843. Virtuoso on the oboe, at
sonatas for pianoforte, nocturnes for do. and first learned to play the flute, and appeared
horn, and for flute, other pianoforte music, in public at the age of eight entered when ;
—
and nine sets of romances. Fetis Mendel. fifteen an Austrian cavalry regiment as
;
SfiLAM, LE, ode-symphonique in four trumpeter, and took part in the campaign
parts, text by Theophile Gautier, music by of 1805. He studied also the violin, horn,
Ernest Reyer, first performed in Paris, April and clarinet. In 1808 he left the army,
5, 1850. It is an oriental symphony on the went to Prague to study, then conducted
model of David's Le desert. the private orchestra of a Hungarian noble-
seltg:\iann, hippolyte pros- man until 1813, when he became first oboist
per, born in Paris, July 28, 1817, died at in the theatre orchestra at Prague, under
]\Ionte Carlo, near Monaco, Feb. 4-5, 1882. Karl Maria von Weber. He now studied
Vu'tuoso on the violoncello, pupil of Nor- composition under Tomaczek, often played
blin, and in harmony of Halevy, at the Con- in concerts, and on his way to Italy, in
servatoire (1829-38) ; won the second prize 1817, appeared in Vienna with such bril-
and the first in 1836.
for violoncello in 1834, liant success, that he was apjôiuted first
He travelled extensively, 1841-45 in south- oboist at the imperial opera. In 1822

ern France, 1843 in Italy, 1847 in Spain he became also a member of the court
and Algiers, and later in Belgium and Ger- chapel, and professor at the Couserva-
many. He published numerous divertis- torium. Works Concerto for oboe with:
sements, fantaisies, caprices, etc., on op- orchestra ; 3 concertinos for do. ; Introduc-
eratic themes, 6 etudes caracteristiques, and tion et polonaise, do. ; Variations, do. ; Con-
2 Albums of songs. — Fetis. certo for 2 oboes ; Movement of concerto
SELLE, THOMAS, born at ZOrbig, Sax- for oboe and clarinet ;
Quartet for oboe
ony, March 23, Hamburg, and strings Terzet for 3 flutes. Theore-
1599, died in ;
July 2, 1663. Contrapuntist, was at first tisch-praktische Oboen-Schule (Vienna), also

rector at Wesselbiiren, Schleswig, and in translated into French, and still considered
1624 at Heide became cantor at Itzelioe the best. FOtis IMendol N. Necrol. der
; — ; ;
in 1636, and city cantor, canon, and music D. (1843), i. 461 ; SchilHng.
director at the Katharinenkirche, Hamburg, SEMET, THEOPHILE (AIMK J^MILE),
in 1641. Works : Coucertatio Castalidum born at Lille, Sept. 6, 1824, died at Corbeil,
:
SEMIRAMIDE
April 15, 1888. Dramatic composer, stud- and the last he wrote for Italy, was consid-
ied the violoncello, and under Pierre Bau- ered heavy by the Venetians, and the theme
mann harmony, at the local Conservatoire, of the Carnival of Venice,
introduced into
then pupil of Halevy in composition, at the the duet, "Ebbene! a te ferisci,"
between
Pai'is Conservatoire. He remained in Pai-is, Semiramide and Arsace, for their special
teaching music, and in 1851 became kettle- benefit, failed to please. The best num-
drummer in the orchestra of the Opera. bers are: the overture, the trio "LTi dal
Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. "Works Gange," sung by Idreno, Assur, and Oroe
:
;
Les nuits d'Espagne, Theatre Lyrique, "Di tanti regi," a quartet the duet " ; Bella
1857 ; La demoiselle d'honneur,
1857 immago degli dei," between Assur and Arsa-
ib., ;
Gil-Bias, ib., 1860 ;18G3 La ce Semiramide's aria "Bel raggio " her
Oudine, ib., ; ; ;
petite Fadette, Opera Comique, 18G9. La duet with Arsace, " Serbami ognor si fido? " ;
fete de Napoleon IH., cantata. Opera, Ai-sace's aria with chorus, " Ah tu gelar mi !
1862 Airs de ballets for Les pirates de la

;
Savane, Theatre de la Gaite, 1867. Fetis, —

Supplement, ii. 510 Mendel, Erganz., 433.
;
SEMIRAmDE, Italian opera in two acts,

text by Rossi, music by Rossini, first repre-
sented at the Teatro della Fenice, Venice,
Feb. 3, 1823. The libretto is founded on
Voltaire's tragedy, " Semiramis." The scene
is placed in Babylon, where Nino, the king,
has been murdered by his queen, Semira-
mide, whose accomplice was Assur, a prince
in love with her, and an aspirant to the
throne. Arsace, supposed to be a Scythian,
but in reality Ninia, the son of Semiramide,
who has been reared by the high jDriest,
Oroe, returns victorious from the wars. The
Queen is inspired with love and declares > -^ji^^r^:^-^
that she will marry him, although he is be- /
trothed to Azemia, a royal princess. Ter- Josephine Mainvielle-Fodor.
rible omens are seen, and the tomb of Nino
opens, and his ghost appears to announce duet with Semiramide, " Giorno
fai ;
" his
that Arsace shall reign, and to command

one of the strongest numbers of
d' orrore,"
him to avenge his death upon the enemy the opera; Semiramide's prayer, "Ah mio
who shall visit the tomb. In the meantime pregar;" and the final terzet, " L'usato
the high priest has revealed to Arsace the ardir," for Semiramide, Arsace, and Assur.
mystery of his birth, and he has imparted Original cast
this to the Queen. At midnight Assur de-
Semiramide (S.) Mmo Rossini-Colbran.
scends into the tomb to murder Arsace,
Arsace (A.) Mmo IMariani.
and the Queen follows to guard her son,
Idreno (T.) Mr. Sinclair.
who, hearing footsteps, plunges his dagger
Assur (B.) Sig. (^.alli.
into the breast of his mother, supposing
Oroe (B.) Sig. Mariani.
her to be Assur. She dies in the arms of
her son, Assur is borne away to punish- Mmes Rossini-Colbran, Pasta, Giulia Grisi,
ment, and Arsace is proclaimed King of Viardot, Sophie Cruvelli, Maiuviellc-Fodor,
Babylon. The opera, one of Rossini's best. Bosio, Tietjens, and Adelina Patti have
361
; ;
SEMIRAMIDE
achieved fame iu the role of Semiramide. Sacrati, text b}' Bisaccioni, Venice, 1648 ;
That of Arsace, one of the most telhug con- Semiramide, by Marc Antonio Cesti, text by
tralto parts ever written, was a favourite with Giovanni Andrea Moniglia, Vienna, 1667 ;
Mmes Pisaroui, Brambilla, Alboui, Trebelh,by Pietro Andrea Ziani, same text, Venice,
and Mahbran, who also sang Semiramide. 1670 by Aldovraudini, text by Zeno, Genoa,
;
It has been sung also with great success by 1701 by Carlo Francesco Pollarolo, same
;
]Mme Scalchi. The opera was first given in text, Venice, 1714 by Vivaldi, text by Sil- ;
Vienna in 1823 in Milan in 1824 in Wei- vaui, Mantua, 1732 by Francesco Araja, St.
; ; ;
mar in 1825 in Dresden in 1826 and in Petersburg, 1738 by David Perez, Rome,
; ; ;
Berlin and Leipsic in 1830. It was first 1750 by Carl Heinrich Graun, text by
;
Friedrich II, iu Italian by Tagliazucchi,

Berlin, March, 1754 by Leopold Mozart, ;
about 1760, not given by Sacchiui, Rome, ;
1762 by Pietro Guglielmi, Naples, 1766; ;
by Paisiello, Rome, 1773 by Prati, Flor- ;
ence, 1785 by Giovanni Ansani, ib., 1791 ; ;
by Gyrowetz, his first opera, London, 1793;

by Friedrich Heinrich Himmel, Naples, Jan.
12, 1795, Berlin, 1797 by Cimarosa, Na- ;
ples and Vienna, 1799 La morte di Semi- ;
ramide, by Giovaimi Battista Borghi, text by

Sografi, Milan, Feb. 9, 1791 by Sebastiano ;
Nasolini, Rome, 1792 and by Portogallo, ;
Lisbon, 1802. Ai'sace e Semiramide, by

Grecco, text by Rossi, Venice, 1804 and ;
Semiramis, a pasticcio by Handel, London,

1733. In French by Andre Destouches, :
text by Roy, Acadomie Royale de Musique,

Paris, Dec. 4, 1718 by Catel, text by Desri- ;
aux, after Voltaire, Opera, Paris, May 3,
1802. German Semiramis, by Strungk,

In :
Hamburg, 1683 and by Josef Emmert,

;
Wiirzburg, about 1760. In Spanish : Semi-

by Manuel Garcia, Mexico, 1828 and
ramis, ;
Sofia Scalchi, as Arsace,

music to Voltaire's play by Agricola, Berlin,
about 1770.— Edwards, Rossini, 233 Es- ;
sung in Paris Dec. 9, 1825, with Mme cudier, 164 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 113 ; ;
Mainvielle-Fodor as Somiramis, and at the Queens of Song, ii. 15, 142, 412 Har- ;
Acadi'mie lioyale de Musique, in a French monicon (1823), 125; (1824), 162, 167;
translation by Mcry, July -4, 18G0 first iu Revue et gaz. mus. de Paris (1856), 73
;
London at the King's Theatre, July 15, Lajarte, ii. 228 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxv. ;
1824, with Mme Pasta as Semiramide 234, 651 xxvi. 509 xxvii. 657 xxviii. 85
; ; ;
Mme Vestris, Arsace ; Garcia, Idreno and Clement;

et Larousse, 616 Athenaeum ;
Remorini, Assur. It was first sung in (1878), ii. 90; Upton, Standard Operas,
New York, April 29, 1835, with Siguorina 198.
Clementina Fanti as Semiramide. Other SEMIRAMIDE RICONOSCIUTA, Ital-
operas on the same subject, in Italian : ian opera in three acts, text by Metastasio,
Semiramide in India, by Francesco Paolo music by Gluck, first represented at a birth-
: ; ;
SENAILLfi
day fete of Maria Theresa, Vienna, May 14, tury, and his music was much valued by
1748. The scene of the opera is Babylon. Luther, who had his motets sung in prefer-
Original cast ence to those of
any other master.
Semiramide (A.) Vittoria Tesi.
"Works : 5 Saluta-
Mirteo (T.) Angelo Amorevoli.
tiones Domini nos-
Ircano (S.) Ventura Roccobetti.
tri Hiesu Christi
Scitalce (S.) Angelo Mouticelli.
(Nuremberg, 1526)
Tamu'i (A.) Girolama Giacometti.
Magnificat 8 tono-
Sibari (S.) Marianna Galeotti.
rum (ib., 153 7) ;
Other operas on Metastasio's text by Le- : Melodijc in odas

onai'do da Vinci, Rome, 1723 by Porpora, ;
Horatii et qua'dam
ib., 1729, Brescia, 1735 by Bernardo Ali-;
alia carminum ge-
prandi, Munich, 1740 by Johann Adam
;
nera (ib., 1557) ;
Hasse, Dresden, Jan. 11, 1747 by Jommel- ;

with Paulus Hofhaimer, Harmoniae pocticae
li, Piacenza, 1752 by Cocchi, Venice, 1753,
;
(ib., 1539). Among collections containing
London, 1771 by Manfredini, Moscow,
; his songs are, Liber selectarum cantionum
1760 by Bernasconi, Munich, Jan. 7, 1765
; ;
(Augsburg, 1520) Heinrich Fiuck's Sch<".no
;
by Traetta, Parma, 1765 by Sarti, Venice, ;

auserlesene Lieder (Nuremberg, 1536)
1768 by Salieri, Stockholm and Munich,
;
Salblinger's Concentus 4-8 voc. (ib., 1545) ;
1782 ;by Michele Mortellari, Milan, 1785 ;

Ott's Liedersammlung von 1554 (ib.) G. ;
and by Meyerbeer, Turin, 1819. Marx, — Forster's Ausbuud schiJner deutscher Lied-
Gluck und die Oper, i. 158 Reissmann, ;
lein (ib., 1556-65) G. Rhaw's Ofiicia pas-;
Gluck, 41 Schmid, Ritter von Gluck,

;
chalia (Wittenberg, 1539) Symphoniie ;
40 Bitter, Reform der Oper durch Gluck,

;
jucundic (1542) ; Bicinia (1545) ; Novum
197. opus musicum (Nuremberg, 1538) Montau- ;
SEMPRE GRIDI See II Barbiere di Si- Neuber's Diphona amcena et florida (ib.,
viglia. 1549) Kriestein's Selectissimic nee non
;
SENAILLlfi, JEAN BAPTISTE, born in familiarissimas cantiones (1540) ; Petrejus'

Paris, Nov. 23, 1687, died there, April 29, Grosse Psalmensammlung (Nuremberg,
1730. Virtuoso on the violin, pupil of 1538-42) ; Montan-Neuber's Psalmensamm-
Queversin and of Baptiste Anet was soon ;
considered the best violinist in France, but

went to Italy to study. He played in the
theatre orchestra at Modena for one season, lung (1553) ; IMagnum opus musicum, by
and in 1719 returned to Paris, where he the same. In manuscript are 7 masses, mo-
entered the private orchestra of the Due tets, hymns, sequences Lieder. ]\Iendol ; — ;
d'Orleans. He published five books of son- Riemann Fotis Schilling Gerber Win-
; ; ; ;
atas for violin. — Fctis. terfeld, Kirchengesang, i. 168 ; Dommer,

SENFL (Senffl, Senfel), LUDWIG,
born Handbuch, 185 Ambros, Gesch., iii. 404 ; ;
at Basel-Augst, near Basel, about the end Reissmann, ii. 62.

of the 15th century, died in Munich about SENNACHERIB, oratorio by George
1555. Contrapuntist, pupil of Heinrich Benjamin Arnold, first performed at Glou-
Isaak in Vienna, where ho was choir boy in cester (England) Festival, Sept. 5, 1883.
the court chapel of Maximilian I was The composer conducted, and the solos
;
Kapellmeister at the Bavarian court in Mu- were sung by IMllo Avigliaua, Îr. Nowth,
nich about 1525-50. He was probably the and Mr. F. King. Athenrcum (1883), ii. —
greatest German composer of the 16 th cen- 314.
863
;;
SE NON
SE NON MI VUOL AMAR, soprano aria Andiol, M. Derivis. The score was pub-
of Asteria, in E minor,
with accompaniment lished by Troupenas (Paris). Clement et —
of two oboes and strings complete, in Han- Larousse, 619.
del's Tamerlano, Act!., Scene 5. Published SERMENT D' AMOUR, LE (Love's
also separately, with the accompaniment Vow), oiiera-comiquo, in three acts, text
filled out by Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kist- by Maurice Ordonueau, music by Edmond
ner). Audran, first represented at the Theatre
SENSATIONS DOUCES, M^LANCO- des Nouveautes, Paris, in February, 1886.
LIQUES ET DOULOUREUSES (Sweet, The music is written in imitation of Offen-
melancholy, and sad sensations), six songs bach and Lecocq.
with accompaniment for pianoforte or harp, SERmSY, CLAUDE DE, French com-
text by G.music by Spontiui, written in
L., poser of the 16th century, generally called
1805-6. I. and II. Sentiments damour Claudin in the collections of that time.
in. and rV. Regrets d' absence V. and little is known of his history, although
; Very
\T Plaintes sur la tombe. Published by he occupied a prominent position. From
Spontini (Paris). the exchequer kept in the reign of Franyois
SERBAI^n OGNOR SI FIDO ? See Se- I. it is apparent that he was sous-maitre
miramide. and first singer of the Royal Chapel (1532).
SERING, FRIEDRICH WILHELM,
After the death of Franyois I. he became
born at Fiirsteuwalde, Brandenburg, Prus- maitre de chapelle to Henri 11. (15-47), and
sia,Nov. 2G, 1822, still living, 1890. Vocal 1559 no
after that king's violent death in
composer, studied in Berlin, became in more mention found of Sermisy. He is
is
1851 instructor in the seminaries at Kope- supposed to have died about 1560. His
nick and Franzburg, in 1855 music director compositions had been printed in collec-
of the seminary at Barby, and in 1871 prin- tions with those of other celebrated mu-
cipal instructor in the seminary at Stras- sicians as early as 1528. Nicolas Duchemin
bui'g, where he founded a German singing printed a collection of his masses, in 1568,
society. Works Christi Einzug in Jeru- and styles him maitre de chapelle to the
:
salem, oratorio Psalm Ixxii., for mixed king, and canon of the Sainte-Chapelle, so
;
chorus Hymn, for do. Herr, leite mich, that it is possible that he may have lived as
; ;
motet for do. Choruses for male voices, late as that date. His chansons and motets
;
—
and songs. Ledebur, 547 Mendel. ajDpear in the French collections of Attain-
;
SERVIENT, LE, ou les faux monnayeurs gnant (Paris, 1528-34), in Berg und Neu-
(The Oath, or the Counterfeiters), French ber's Thesaurus musicus (Nuremberg, 1564),
opera in three acts, text by Scribe and Petreius' Modulationes (ib., 1538), Kries-
Mazi-res, music by Auber, first represented stein'sSelectissimae Cantiones (Augs- . . .
at the Academie Royale de Musique, Paris, burg, 1540), and Cantiones (ib., 1545),
Oct. 1, 1832. The story is of an innkeeper Rhaw's Bicinia gallica (Wittenberg, 1545),
in a small village, who prefers a brigand for Gardano's Canzoni francesi (Venice, 1564),
son-in-law to a young farmer, who is loved and Motetti del frutto (ib., 1549). His
by his daughter, and who is united to her separately printed works seem to have been
at the end. The opera was not a success. onlyMissictresquatuorvocum (Paris, 1583).
One air, " Dos I'enfanceles memes chaines," Ft'tis —
Mendel Schilling Gerber. ; ; ;
was a triumph for Mme Cinti-Damoreau, SEROF. See Syerof.

and was long a great song with young SERPETTE, (HENRI CHARLES AN-
artists. Original cast Marie, Mme Cinti- TOINE) GASTON, born at Nantes, Nov. 4,
:
Damoreau Edmond, M. Adolphe Nourrit 1846, still living, 1890. Dramatic com-
;
Le capitaine Jean, M. Dabadie Maitre poser, pupil at the Conservatoire of Am-

;
864
;
SERRAO
broise Thomas. After competing unsuc- do. ; Te Deum, do. Le tre ore d' agonia, ;
cessfully for two years for the prix de do. ; Motets, with organ or orchestra ; Re-
Rome, he finally won quiem for Mercadante's funeral Omaggio a ;
it in 1871 for his can- Mercadante, funeral symphony Overture ;
tata, Jeanne d"Ai*c, for orchestra Morceaux de genre and fanta-

;
which was given at sias for pianoforte Songs. Ft-tis, Sup- ; —

the Opera in the plement, ii. 515 Mendel, Ergiiuz., 435. ;
same year. This SERSE (Xerxes), Italian opera in three

work gave promise acts, text from an old drama, nuisic by
of something better, Handel, first represented at the King's
but his early success Theatre, London, April 15, 1738. The
in light opera bouffe autograph, in Buckingham Palace, is dated
has kept him at work at the beginning of the first act, 25 (or 2G)
in the same popular vein. Works La : Dec, 1727, at the end of the second act,
branche cassee, three acts, Bouffes Parisiens, I Jan. 25, 1738 ; and at the end of the opei-a,
Jan. 23, 1874 Le manoir de Pic-Tordu, ib.,
; Feb. G, 1738. It contains several fine num-
1875 Le moulin du Vert-Galant, ib., 187G;
; bers, and Handel's first attempts at comic
La petite muette, ib., 1877 La nuit de Saint- ; scenes. Characters represented Sei*se, :
Germain, Brussels, 1880 Madame le Dia- ;

^
king of Persia (S.) Arsamene, his brother, ;
'
ble, Paris, 1882 Fanfreluche, Le chateau de

;
and lover of Romilda (S.) Amastre, Prin- ;
Tire-Larigot, ib., 188-4 Le chaperon rouge,; I

cess, loved by Serse (A.) Romilda, daughter ;
ib., 1885 Adam et Eve, ib., 188G La

; ; of Ariodate (S.) Atalanta, daughter of ;
gamine de Paris, La Lycaenne, ib., 1887. Ai'iodate (S.) ; Ariodate, captain of the
— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 514 Larousse, ; army (B.) ; and Elviro, servant to Arsa-
Supplement, 1214. mene (B.). The part of Serse was sung by
SERRAO, PAOLO, born (Gaetano Majorano)
at Bomilda,
Filadelfia, Caflfarelli ;
Calabria, in 1830, Dra- by La Francesina (INIme Elizabeth Duparc)

still living, 1890.
matic and church composer, pupil at the and Ai'iodate, by Montagnana. The opera
Conservatorio in Naples, of Francesco Lanza was first published by Walsh (London).
on the pianoforte, of Gennaro Parisi in Hiindelgesellschaft, Breitkopf i^' Hiirtel
harmony, and of Carlo Conti and Merca- (Leipsic, 1884). Other operas on this sub-
dante in composition. At the outbreak of ject in Italian, by Francesco Cavalli, text by
the revolution in 1848, he enlisted as a vol- Minato, Venice, 1G54, Bologna, 1G57, Paris,
unteer in the national guard of Naples, and 1G60 L' incoronaziono di Serse by Tosi,
;
after the defeat of the insurrection Serse, by Giovanni Battista

had to Venice, 1G91 ;
keep in hiding several months, before he Bononcini, Rome, 1G94 R ritorno di Serse ;
could re-enter the Conservatorio to continue by Marcos Portugal, Florence and Bologna,
his studies, which were finished in 1852. He 1795 in London as Argemide e Serse, Jan. ;
is professor of counterpoint at the Conserva- 25, 1806 and Der miichtige Monarch der ;
torio, and maestro di cappella at the Teatro Perser, Xerxes in Abydos, by Fiirtsoh, text
—
San Carlo. Works Oi)eras L' impostorc by Postel from the Italian, Hamburg, 1()S9.
:
(1852) Dionora de' Bardi

;
Giambattista Chrysander, Hilndcl, ii. 448 Buniey, iv.
; — ;
Pergolesi, Naples, 1857 La duchessa di 423 ;

do., Commemoration, 24 Mainwar- ; ;
Guisa, 18G5
ib., ; l\ figliuol prodigo, ib., ing, Memoirs, 125.
18G8 ;
in Scio, oratorio, Ortona,
GliOrtonesi SEKVAIS, ADKIEN FKAXrOIS. born
1859 Hymn to Vittorio Emmanuele H., for at Hal, near Bru.sscls, Juno (>, 1S()7, died
;
2 choruses and orchestra, Naples, 1871 there, Nov. 2G, 18GG. Virtuoso on tlio vio-
;
Mass for 4 voices and orchestra Magnificat, loncello, first in.structcd

;
by liis father, an
8GS
;
SERYA
able musician, afterwards by Van der Serpina and Uberto, the former provoking
Plancken, a violinist, and on the violon- the testy impatience of her master, and
cello pujîl of Platel at finallybewitching him by her graceful non-
the Brussels Conserva- chalance and charm. The orchestra is
toire, He rose rapidly merely a string quartet. The Serva Pad-
to the front rank, was rona was first given in Paris at the Thea-
for three years a mem- tre Italien, Oct. 4, 1746 at the Academie ;
ber of the theatre or- Royale de Musique, with an overture by

^ chestra, and on the ad- Paganelli, Aug. 1, 1752, and with Signor
j^^.> . vice of Fctis went to Manelli as Uberto, Signora Anna Tonelli
'^ Paris, to make his do- as Serpina, and Signor Cossini as Yes-
but as a concert player. pone. A French translation by Baurans
Having won a brilliant success, he visited was represented at the Theatre Italien,
England in 1835, played at the Philhar- Paris, Aug. 14, 1754, sung by Rochard and
monic, returned home to study another year, Mme Favart. It was first given in Dresden
and during that period formed the style by as a Zwischenspiel in Hasse's Demetrio,
which he was afterwards known. He went Feb. 8, 1740 in London at the Haymar- ;
again to Paris in 183G, and for the next ket, in 1759 in Stockholm at court as ;
twelve years travelled in the principal Pigan Husbondfru, translation by R. En-

countiies of Europe, and even to Siberia. vallsohn in Bremen, as Das Dienstmiidchen ;
He made three sejârate journeys to Rus- des Geschiifts, March 19, 1810 in Ber- ;
sia, and married at St. Petersburg in 1842. lin, as Die gebieterische Magd, arranged
He was appointed professor at the Con- for the stage by Herklots, and sung by
servatoire of Brussels in 1848, and has Herr Gem and Mme Eunike. The Serva
formed many distinguished pupils. Vio- padrona was revived at the Opera Comique,
loncellist to the king ; Officer of the order Paris, in April, 1889. The original score
of Leopold. Works Three concertos 16
: ; was jûblished by Lachevardiere (Paris)
fantasias for violoncello and orchestra G ; and an edition in French was published by
etudes for violoncello and pianoforte (with Leduc. The score was revised by Gevaert
Gregoire) 14 duos for do.
; 3 duets for ; in 1862. Other Italian operas of the same
violin and violoncello (with Leonard) Duet ; title by Geronimo Abos, Naples, about
:
for do. (with Vieuxtemps). — Fetis ; do., 1744 by Giovanni Paisiello, Naples, 1769
; ;
Supplement, ii. 515 ; Riemann ; Mendel. by Eugenio Taucioui, Turin, 1869 and II ;
SERVA PADRONA, LA (The Servant- servo padrone, by Josef Schuster, text by

IVIistress), Italian intermezzo in two acts, text Mazzola, Dresden, 1792 by NiccoloPiccinni, ;
by Jacopo Augiolo music by Pergo-

Nelli, Venice, 1793 Stefano Pavesi, Bologna,
;
lesi, first represented at the Teatro San 1809 and by Pietro Generali, Turin, 1814.
;
Bartolomeo, Naples, in 1731. This, a mas- — Marx, Gluck uud die Oper, i. 84 Wal- ;
terpiece which still retains its charm, served dersee, Sammlung musikalischer Vortriige,
as the foundation of everj' Italian comic op- ii. 150, 159 Neue Zeitschr., Ivii. 211, 223, ;
era written until the time of Rossini. 231 Iviii. 119, 131 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., ; ;
Much of its success is due to the well- writ- iii. 822 Grove. ;
ten and humorous libretto, in which there SERVEL, EDMOND, born at Clermont-
are but three persons, Uberto, an old bach- de-l'Herault, France, Jan. 4, 1829, died at
elor, who grumbles at and afterwards mar- Montpellier, in 1881. Dramatic composer,
ries his servant-maid, Serpina, and her fel- became first violinist in the theatre orches-
low-servant, Vespone, a mute figure. The tra at Montpellier when fifteen, entered a
opera is little moi'e than a duet between regiment three years after, and became
SEKVIO
bandmaster, and on leaving the service, mous, and established the fame of its com-
settled in bis native place. Works : Le poser to such a degree that all the theatres
camp de Maestriclit Le roman d'uue veuve
;
;
of Italy wished to have him at the head of
Les Lucioles Simoune Une aventure sous
; ; their orchestras.
la ligue, all given at Montpellier. Several
duet in A ma-SE TECO \TVE IL COR,
cantatas ; Fantasias for pianoforte, or vio-
soprano and alto (U:ulamisto and
jor, for
lin ; Romances. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. Zenobia), with accompaniment of 2 oboes
516. and strings complete, in Handel's liadamisto,
SERVIO TULLIO, Italian opera, text by Act H, Scene 12. Published also separ-
Ventura Terzago, music by Steftani, first ately, with additional accompaniments by
represented at the court of Munich in Jan- Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
uary, 1686, during the wedding festivities SE TUTTI I MALI :\IIEI, aria for so-
of the Elector MaximilianEmanuel and the prano with orchestra, in E-flat, text from
Archduchess Maria Autonia, daughter of Metastasio's IJemofoonlt', music by Mozart,
Leopold L of Austria. The ballets, text by composed in Rome in 1770. Breitkopf &
Rodier, music by Dardespin, were danced Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie vi., No. 8.
by twelve lords and ladies of the court in K(ichel, Verzeichniss, No. 83. —
brilliant costumes from Paris. Grove, iii. —
SEUFZER, THRANEN, soprano aria in
G94. C minor, with accompaniment of oboe, or-
SERWACZYNSKI, STANISLAW, born gan, and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
at Lublin, Poland, in 1781, died at Lem- Bach's cantata, Teh hatte viel Bekiimmer-
berg, Galicia, Nov. 30, 1859. Virtuoso on uiss.
the violin, first instructed by his father, SE UN' ISTANTE, ALL' OFFERTA
who was choir director at the cathedral of D' UN SOGLIO. See Eliâ e Claudio.
Lublin, then by Count Guadagni, lieuten- SEVEN LAST WORDS. See Sieben
ant-colonel in the Austrian huzzars, who was am Kreuz.
letzten Wôrte
an excellent violinist. He then began to SE VUOL BALLARE, twelve variations
travel as a virtuoso, visited several cities of for the pianoforte and violin, in F, from
Poland, and Austria, and in 1832 Venice, the theme in Figaro's Hochzeit (Le nuzzc di
where he was compared even to Paganini. Figaro), by Beethoven, dedicated to Eleo-
In Vienna he was for some time first violin- nore von Breuning, and published by Ar-
ist at the Theater an der Wien, became taria & Co. (Vienna, 1793). Breitkopf »fe
Kapellmeister of the theatre at Pesth in Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie xii.. No.
1837, and in 1840 at Lemberg, where he 12. —Tliayer, Verzeichniss, No. 30.
assumed also the direction of the choir in SEYDELMANN, FRANZ, born in Drcs-
the Dominican church. Henri Wieniawski den, Oct. 8, 1748, died there, Oct. 23, 1806.
was among his pupils. Works Kulig Kra- : Dramatic and church composer, son and
kowski, divertissement Music to the Polish
; pupil of a member of the Dresden court or-
farce Thadeusz Chwalibog Introduction et ; chestra, and pupil of Kapellmeister Weber,
variations brillantes, on a theme by Rossini, and Naumann. In company with the latter
for violin and orchestra do. on a Hungar-; and Schuster, he went to Italy in 17()5, at
ian theme, with quintet ; Polonaise bril- government expense returned in 1770 to
;
lante, do. ; Polonaises and Kolomyjky, for Dresden, where he was made court church
violin and pianoforte. — Sowinski ; Wurz- composer, and conducted the music of the
bach ; Mendel. Hofkirche alternately with Sdiilrer, Nau-
SESOSTRATE, Italian opera, by Johann mann, and Schuster with Uio latter, he
;
Adam Hasse, first represented in Naples in was also accompanist at the Italian opera,
1726. The success of this work was enor- and in 1787 was appointed KapeUmeister.
307
;
SEYFERT
He was an industrious composer, but most died in Berlin, April 9, 1796. Violinist,
of bis works reinaiucd in manuscript. pupil at Zerbst of Haeck on the violin, and
Works— Operas Der labrae Husar, 1775 : ;
of Fasch, the elder, in composition, became
Arsene, 1779 11 capriccio corretto, 1783
;
violinist in the orchestra of Prince Heinrich
La villanella di Misuia, 1784; II mostro, of Prussia, at Rheinsberg, and afterwards
ossia (la gratitudine amore, 1786 II Turco ;
chamber musician in the opera orchestra
in Italia, 1788 Amor per oro, 1790 La ; ;
of Friedrich H. He was entrusted with
serva scaltra, 1792. Oratorios : La Betulia the composition of the ballet music, and be-
liberata, 1774 ; Gioas, re di Giuda, 1776 ;
sides that wrote symphonies for orchesti*a,
La morte d' Abele, 1801 ; 36 masses ;
37 concertos, and double concertos for violin,
otlertories ; 15 vespers ; 12 litanies ; 40 quartets, trios, and soli, for do. Fctis ; —
psalms 1 Kcquiem ; ;
much Gerber Schilling.
2 hymns, and ;
other church music ;2 cantatas, II primo SEYFRIED, IGNAZ XAVER, Ritter

amore, and Circe ; Songs Vocal duets So- VON, born in Vienna, Aug. 15, 1776, died
; ;
natas for pianoforte and other instruments, there, Aug. 27, 1841. Dramatic composer
and other music, nearly all preserved in the and writer on music, pupil of Mozart and
royal music collections of Dresden. Kozeluch on the pianoforte after his father — Men- ;
del ; Riemaun ;
had consented to his giving up law for mu-
Gerber ; Schilling ; Fctis.
SEYFERT, JOHANN CASPAR, born at sic, he studied composition under Albrechts-
Augsburg in 1697, died there, May 26, berger and Winter. He became Kapell-
1767. Violinist and lute player, first in- meister at Schikaueder's Theater in 1797,
structed by music director Ki'iiuter, then in and continued to hold the same position in
Dresden pupil of Pisendel on the violin and the new Theater an der Wien until 1825,
in composition. After his return to Augs- when he devoted himself to teaching, com-
burg, he succeeded in 1743 Kriluter as can- posing, and writing upon music. He was
tor and music director. He composed sev- a friend of Beethoven and a member of
eral oratorios, besides other excellent church many academies and musical societies. His
music, symphonies, and chamber music. music, of which he wrote much, lacks origi-
— Ft'tis Gerber Schilling.
; nality.
; His pupils were numerous, and he
SEYFERT, JOHANN GOTTFRIED, wrote for several musical journals. Works
born at Augsburg in 1731, died there, Operas Der LOwenbrunnen, 1797 Der — : ;
Dec. 12, 1772. Sou and pupil of the pre- Feenkunig, 1798 Der Wundermann am ;
ceding, and at Bayreuth pupil of Leit- Rheinfall, 1799 Die Druiden, 1801 Cyrus, ; ;
dorfer he then went to Berlin, where the 1803

; Die Ehemiiuner nach der Mode, ;
hearing of Graun's works and his inter- 1804 Die Samniterinnen, 1806 Alamar ; ;
course with Emanuel Bach formed his style, der Maure, Idas und Uarpissa, 1807 Bertha ;
and in Vienna studied under Wagenseil. von Werdeuberg, 1809 Saul, KOnig in ;
On his father's death he was summoned to Israel, a Biblical drama. Die rothe und die
Augsburg, to succeed him. Works Pas- weisse Rose, 1810 Er hiilt wahrhaftig Wort, : ;
sions-Oratorium Oster-Oratorium Der 1815

; Abraham, 1817, Die Makkabiler, ; ;
Sterbetag Jesu, cantata Der von Gott 1818 Noah, 1819, Biblical dramas Oberon,
; ; ;
Deutschland geschenkte Friede, do. 21 Kunig der Elfen, ballet, 1820 Ahasver, a ; ;
symphonies for orchestra Concertos for dramatic legend (the music arranged from ;
violin ; 6 trios for strings ; 6 sonatas for Mozart's chamber compositions), 1823. He
pianoforte, with violin and violoncello. wrote 26 operas, 20 operettas, 5 biblical
— Ft'tis ; Gerber ; Schilling. dramas, 24 melodramas, more than 200
SEYFFARTK, JOHANN GABRIEL, separate pieces for operas and plays and ;
born at Rcisdorf, near Weimar, in 1711, his church music includes 13 masses, 4
868
;
SEY
Kequiems, 17 gi-aduals, and 18 offertories. in F minor, op. 4 Quintet, do., in G minor,
;
He composed also cantatas, choruses, and oj). 5 ; Prelude and fugue in E minor, op.
much other vocal and instrumental music, 6. The old hymn Ut quieant laxis is intro-
besides arranging many pieces by other duced in this 2 fitudes for pianoforte, op.
;
composers. He edited Albrechtsberger's 10 Fogli volanti, op. 12 Gavotte, op. 14

; ;
;
complete works, Preindl's theoretical writ- Concerto in G minor for pianoforte, op. 15
;
ings, and Beethoven's studies in counter- Symphony in D, op. 16, 1881 2d Sym-
point. — Wurzbach ; Schilling ; Mendel phony, 1887 Overture for full orchestra to
;
;
Fetis ; Neuer N. Nekrol. der D., xix. Cas.sa's Cola di Rieuzi (1S67) Festival over- ;
804. Quartet for strings, in D-flat Suite

ture ; ;
SEY GETREU BIS IN DEN

TOD (Be for pianoforte, op. 21.—-Grove Fetis, Sup- ;
thou faithful unto Death), tenor aria in plement, ii. 516 Riemanu. ;
Mendelssohn's oratorio, Paulus (St. Paul), SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAîl, born at

Part H. Croydon, June 16, 1849, still Hving, 1890.
SFOLGORO DIVINO RAGGIO. See Pianist and tenor singer, became organist,
Poliuto. when only thirteen, of the church where
SGMIBATI, GIOVANNI, born in Rome, he had been a choir-boy. In 1862-65 ho
May 28, 1843, still living, 1890. harmony and counterpoint un-
Pianist, studied
pupil of Barberi, Natalucci, and Aldega Molique der
and after that master's
; ;
from the age of six often played in pub- death, having gained the King's Scholar-
lic, sang contralto solos in church, and ship at the Royal Academy of Music, he
conducted small orchestras. He was on the continued his studies there for five years
point of going to Germany, to study his under Sir W. Sterndale Bennett. While
favorite composers, when Liszt's arrival in there he produced and performed, at the
Rome gave him the opportunity to study students' concerts, a pianoforte sonata,
under that great master. He then began a pianoforte trio, a caprice for pianoforte
giving orchestral concerts, producing the and orchestra, and a pianoforte concerto,
works of the German composers, many of and attracted notice as a solo player.
which were then heard for the first time in Elected Mendelssohn Scholar in 1871,
Rome. In 1869 he visited Germany with for and pianoforte playing,
composition
Liszt, and during this journey heard Wag- he entered the Conservatorium at Leip-
ner's music for the first time, in Munich. sic, and studied under Carl Rcinecke.
He founded a free pianoforte class in the Thence he was sent by the jSIendelssohu
Accademia di Sta. Cecilia, Rome, in 1869, Scholarship Committee, to study singing
became professor of pianoforte and, in 1877, under Lamperti in Milan, in 1872-75. In
one of the directors. In 1882 he made 1875 he returned to England, entered ou
his first visit to England, performing his the career of a concert and oratorio singer,
own works at the Philharmonic, and his and was appointed in 1878 professor of
symphony at the Crystal Palace concerts. singing, and in 1880 conductor of concerts,
Order of the Crown of Italy, 1881. In 1886 at the Royal Academy of Music. His com-
he was elected a corresponding member of positions show the influence of Schumann
the French Institut, to take the place of and Bennett. Works Synqihony for or- :
Liszt. In 1887 he conducted his second chestra, Leipsic, Gewandhaus, 1872 Over- ;
symphony and played his first quintet at ture, Crystal Palace, 1874 Concerto for ;
the Cologne Tonkiiustler-Versammlung. pianoforte and orchestra, Brighton Fes-

Works Album of 5 songs, op. 1 Album of tival, 1879 Capriccio for do. Trio for
: ; ; ;
10 songs, op. 2 Notturno for pianoforte, pianoforte and strings

;
2 quartets for ;
op. 3 ; Quintet for pianoforte and strings, strings etc. Grove Riemann ; — ;
3C'J
; ;
SHALL
SHALL I IN ^L\MRE'S FERTILE '
trothed to his daughter. She defends her
PLMXS, bass aria of Caleb, in E-flat major, lover, and, at last, it is discovered that the
-n-ith accompaniment of strings complete, robber is the sheriff himself, who is a

leading immediately to the chorus, "For
somnambulist. The opera was much ad- all
these mercies we will sing," in Handel's mired at the time of its representation.
Joshua, Act in., Scene 1. Mme Damoreau, Mile Eossi, Eoger, Moreau-
SHAW, JA:\IES, born at Leeds, England, Sainti, and Henri aj^peared in the original
in 1842, still living, 1890. Organist, pupil cast. —Clement et Larousse, G22 ; Allgem.
of E. Burton ; organist of St. John's chapel, mus. Zeitg., xli. 824.
Edinbui'gh, afterwards of St. Paul's, and in SHEEWOOD, EDGAR HARMON, born
1862-G3 conductor there of the Choral at Lyons, New
Union later, organist and choir-master of
; York, Jan. 29, 1845,
Parish church, Hampstead and of the ; still living, 1890.
Collegiate chapel of St. John, Clapham. Pianist, mostly self-
Works 2 Evening services Communion
: ; taught ; began in
service ; Anthems ; Pianoforte music, and 1861 to study med-
songs. icine, but enlisted
SHELLEY, HAEEY EOWE, born in in 1862 in an in-
New Haven, Connecticut, June 8, 1858, fantry regiment
still living, 1890. Organist, first instructed and served until
by Gustav J. Stoeckel, Yale College, then the close of the
for seven years pupil of Dudley Buck in civil war, when he chose music as a profes-
organ and composition. He "was organist sion. After living successively in Dans-
of the First Church, New Haven, in 1878- ville. New
York, and Chicago, he settled in
81, of the Church of the Pilgrims, Brooklyn, Rochester as a pianist and teacher. His
1881-84, of Plymouth Church, ib., 1884, comjDOsitions number more than one hun-
until death of Henry Ward Beecher, and dred. Works : The Nun and the Fountain,
since 1887 of the Church of the Pilgi-ims. descriptive fantasia Grand minuet in A-
;
He visitedEurope in 1881. Works: Leila, flat 2 polonaises in B-flat, and A minor ;
opera (MS.) The Crusaders, symphonic Footsteps in the Snow Flight of the Star-
; ;
poem Francesca da Eimini, dramatic over- lings, mazurka Souvenir de Montmorenci,

; ;
ture Dances and suites for orchestra

; and other ijianoforte pieces Songs, and
; ;
Pianoforte jiieces Organ music Songs, part-songs.

; ;
part-songs, church anthems, etc. He has SHERWOOD, \\TLLIAM HALL, born

published also The Modern Organist, a at Lyons, New
collection from works of modern organists, York, Jan. 31,
with original arrangements (Schirmer, New 1854, still living,
York). 1890. Pianist, son
SHiCRIF, LE (The Sheriflf), opera-co- and pupil of L. H.
mique in three acts, text by Scribe, music Sherwood (princi-
by Halevy, first represented at the Opera pal of the Lyons
Comique, Paris, Sept. 2, 1839. The theme Musical Academy)
is taken from one of Balzac's novels. The appeared in con-
Sheriff Turner, who protects others, cannot certs when only ten
guard his own house in London. Every years old. In 1871,
day some article of value disappears. He after brief instruc-
suspects the young sailor Edgar, who lives tion from William Mason, he went to Ber-
in an apartment below, and who is be- lin, where he studied under Theodor Kul-
370
;
SHIELD
lak, Ciiii Friedrich Weitzmann, aud Kicli- and became leader
at the theatre and at con-
ard Wiierst at Stuttgart foi- six mouths certs. He was engaged as second
;
violin at
under C. Doppler, aud later iu Berlin the Italian Opera
^Vâ
under Deppe, and in Leipsic under Ricb- iu London in 1772, ^ '*""-^
ter. During his five years in Europe he and promoted in

played successfully at concerts in Berlin, 1773 to the post of
Hamburg, Weimai*, and other cities. In principal viola,
1876 he returned to the Uuited States, which be held eigh-
played in Philadelphia at the Centennial teen years. He
Exhibition, and in New York, Boston, Chi- produced his first
cago, and other cities, and in the autumn dramatic work, The
of that year settled in Boston, Avhere he be- Flitch of Bacon, in
came connected with the New England Con- 1778, and soon
servatory of Music. Later he established after was engaged as composer to Covent
himself in New York as a teacher, devoting Garden Theatre, a position he held until
himself principally to professional musi- 1791, when be resigned to visit France and
cians. In 1889 he removed to Chicago to Italy. On bis return in 1792, he was re-
assume the direction of the pianoforte de- engaged at Covent Garden till 1797, aud
partment of the Conservatory of Music in 1807 gave up all connection with the
there. Mr. Sherwood has played and lec- theatre. In 1817 he was ai^pointed Master
tured in most of the large cities of the of the King's Music. He was the most
Uuited States, and has done much for the original Englishcomposer since Purcell.
encouragement of American music. He is —
Works Operas, music to dramas, etc. :
a member of the American College of Mu- Lord Mayor's Day, 1782 The Poor Sol- ;
sicians, aud one of the examiners in the dier, Rosina, Harlequin, Friar Bacon, 1783 ;
pianoforte department. In 1887 he mar- Robin Hood, The Noble Peasant, Fontaine-
ried second Miss Estelle F. Abrams, of Mo- bleau, aud the Magic Cavern, 1781 Love ;
nongahela City, Penu., also a pianist and in a Camp, The Nunnery, The Choleric Fa-
one of his best pupils. Works Pianoforte : thers, Omai, 1785 ; Richard Coeur de Lion,
pieces, o-p. 1, 2, 3, 4 (Behr, Berlin) Suite ; The Enchanted Castle, 178G The Farmer, ;
of five pieces, op. 5 (Schirmer, New York) ;

1787; The Highland Reel, Marian, The
2 Mazurkas, op. G (Ditson, Bostou) Scher- ; Prophet, Aladdin, 1788 The Crusade, The ;
zo in E major, op. 7 (id.) ; Romanza aj)- Picture of Paris, 1790 The Woodman, ;
passiouata, op. 8 ; Scherzo caprice, Oscar aud Malvina (with William Reeve),
oj). 9 ;
Gipsy Dance The Coy Maiden Allegro 1791; Hartford Bridge, Harlequin's Mu-
; ;
patetico, and other pianoforte pieces. seum, 1792 The Deaf Lover, Sprigs of ;
SHIELD, WILLIAM, born at Shallwell, Laurel, and The Midnight Wanderers,

Durham, in 1748, died in London, Jan. 25, 1793 Ai'rived at Portsmouth, Netlcy Ab- ;
1829. Dramatic composei*, son and pupil bey, and the Travellers in Switzerland,
of a singing master, on whose death he was 1794 The Mysteries of the Castle, 1795 ; ;
apprenticed to a boat - builder at North Abroad and at Home, Lock and Key, 179(i
Shields, but was allowed by his employer to The Italian Villagers, Wicklow Gold Klines,
pursue his musical studies he studied 1797; The Fanner, 1798; Two Fac-os un-
;
thorough-bass under Charles Avison, aud der a Hood, 1807 Collection of Favourite ;
occasionally played the violin at music meet- Songs, to which is added a duet for two
ings. When he made music his profession, violins Collection of Canzonets, aud an ;
be led the subscription concerts at New- Elegy ; A Cento, consisting of ballads,

castle, afterwards removed to Scarborough, rounds, glees, etc.; Six trios for two vio-
871
; ;
SIBONI
lins and bass, score was published by Artaria & Co. as

and Six duos for 2 Violins.
— Grove ; Fetis ;
Mem.
Mus. op. 47 (Vienna, 1787) arranged b}- Haydn
Hogarth, of ;
Drama, ii. 441 Schilling Eiemann, 854 as a quartet, op. 48 (ib.) and for the pi-
; ; ; ;
Mendel Harmonicon (1829), 49.

; anoforte, op. 49 (ib.). Subsequently Haydn
SLBONI, ERIK (ANTON WALDE:\ME), introduced solos and choruses to the bibli-
born in Copenhagen, Aug. 26, 1828, still cal text, arranged in German by the Baron
living, 1890. Pianist, son of the tenor von Swieten, and in Italian by Carpaui.
siuger Giuseppe Siboni (1780-1839, dii-ector The work was first given in Passau in 1794,
of the opera and the Couservatorium at Co- on Haydn's return from England and in ;
penhagen), pupil of J. P. Hartniann, then Eisenstadt, Oct. 27, 1797, when Therese
at Leipsic (1847) of Moscheles and Haupt- Gassmann sang the soprano solos. It was
niann. by the musicians of Haydn's
After taking part in the Schleswig- considered
Holstein campaign of 1848, he became a pu- time one of his best productions, and he
pil of Sechter in Vienna, 1851-53, and then frequently said that he preferred it to his
settled in Copenhagen. In 18G4 he became other works. It begins with an adagio for
organist and professor of the pianoforte full orchestra, and contains a largo for wind
at the musical academy' at Soi'o. instruments between the first and second Works :
The Flight Copen- parts. Each of the seven words is an-

of Charles II., opera,
hagen, 1861 Loreley, not given Psalm nounced in simple choral form, followed
; ;
cxl., for chorus and orchestra Stabat by a chorus. I. Patience II. The Peni-;
;
Mater, do. Murtenschlacht, do.

; Erstiir- tent Forgiven III. The Mourners TV.; ; ;
mung von Copenhagen, do. Wellenspiel, do. Desolation V. The Bitter Cup VL Com-
; ; ;
2 symphonies Tragische-Ouvertiire
; Con- plete Obedience VH, The Gi'eat Obla- ; ;
cert overture Concerto for pianoforte tion. It was first performed in Vienna by
; ;
Quartet for do. and strings Quartets for the Akademie Tonkiinstler-Societat, under
;
strings Sonatas for violin and for violon- Haydn's direction, April 1 and 2, 1798
; ;
cello Preludes for organ Pianoforte mu- also in December, 1803, April, 1806, and
; ;
sic. —
Riemann. March, 1809 Brunswick, Leipsic, and Ber- ;
SICILIAN ]MARINER'S HY:MN, THE. lin in 1802 Naples, in 1805 and Cologne ; ;
See sanctissima. in 1815. Full score first published by

SICIUAN VESPERS. See Vepres Sici- Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1801) ; by
liennes. Simrock (Berlin) by Peters (Leipsic) and ; ;
SIEBEN LETZTEN WORTE AM by Trautwein (Berlin, 1842).— Pohl, Haydn,

KREUZ, DIE (The Seven Words of Jesus ii. 214-220, 341-44 Townsend, Haydn, ;
on the Cross), a cantata by Haydn. It was 93 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., iii. 498 iv. 501
: ; ;
composed in 1785 at the request of a canon X. 487 xiii.

; 433 xxix. 308 xliv. 543 ; ;
of Cadiz, for the service in the cathedral Mozart und Haydn in London, ii. 130.
during Passion week. Originally it was an SIEBEN SCHLAFER, DIE (The Seven
instrumental work consisting of seven ada- Sleepers), oratorio in three parts, text by
gio movements. It was first given in this Ludwig Giesebrecht, music by Carl Loewe,
form in Vienna, March 26, 1787 in Bonn, composed for the Crown Prince of Prus- ;
March 28, 1787 ; in Breslau in 1788 ; in sia, Friedrich Wilhelm, and first given
Berlin, March
1793; and in London, 23, by the Siugakademie, Berlin, Dec. 19,
under the title of "La Passione Instru- legend of the 1833. The story is the
mentale," at a concert for Haydn's benefit, seven sleepers. Characters represented :
May 30, 1791 and it was repeated on June

; Autijâter (T.) Honoria (S.) Bishop Mar- ; ;
10, at the benefit concert of the boy violin- tinus (B.) Sleepers: Maximian (B.), Con- ;
ist, F. Clement, then ten years of age. The stantin (T.), Johannes (A.), Malchus (S.),
; :
SIE13EN
Serapiou (S.), Dionysius, and Martinian discovers that Mahomet is her old lover.
;
and chorus of Romans, warriors, shepherds, Neocles is brought in in chains, and his life
and women, Herr Mantius sang the part is saved by Pamyra. Mahomet renews his
of Antipater at the ox'iginal iêrformance, vows, but Pamyra declares that she will re-
Mme Decker, Honoria, and Herr Leuz, main true to the cause of the Greeks. The
Malchus. Full and j)i<iuoforte score pub- third act is in the tombs at Corinth, where
lished by Schott (Mainz, 1836).— Allgem. Neocles, who has escaped, hides. Here
mus, Zeitg., xxxiv. 33, 91 xxxviii. IGl Pamyra is united to him by the high-j^riest,
;
Neue Zeitsch., vii. 117, 122. Hieros. The Greeks assemble, and the Turks
SIEBEN TODStJNDEN, DIE (The Seven close them in, Pamyra kills herself with the
Deadly Sins), cantata in three parts, text by dagger, and the opera ends with the specta-
Robert Hamerling, music by Adalbert von cle of Corinth in flames. Original cast
Goldschmidt, first performed in Vienna in Mahomet
1873. It was given in London in 1876,
Deri vis. M
Hieros ]\I. Pruvot.
Avhen Tietjens sang the soprano solo parts. Neocles M. Adolphe Nourrit.
SIEG, CHARLES VICTOR, born at Cleomenes M. Louis Nourrit.
Tiirkheim, Alsace, Aug. 8, 1827, still liv-
Pamyra ^NEle Ciuti.
ing, 1890. son of the pianist
Organist,
This was the first opera that Rossini sold to
Constant Sieg, pupil of Benoist and Am-
a music publisher. First published by Trou-
broise Thomas at the Paris Conservatoire,
where he obtained, in 1863, the second prize
penas (Paris). Lajarte, ii. 123 Clement et — ;
Larousse, 623 Grove, iii. 171, -492; Edwards, ;

for organ. Works An opera-comique (MS.)
:
Rossini, 296 Escudier, Rossini, 187 Vie de; ;

Ivanhoii, cantata. Opera, 186J: Pianoforte ;
Rossini par un dilettante, 166 Harmouicon

music. —
Fctis, Supplement, ii. 518.
125 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxi. 248.
;
SifiGEDE CORINTHE, LE (L'Assedio di (1826), ;
SIEGERT, GOTTLOB, born at Ernsdorf,

Corinto), tragedie-lyrique in three acts, text
Silesia, May 6, 1789, died at Breslau, June
by Balocchi and Soumet, music by Rossini,
23, 1868. Church composer, was admitted
first represented at the Academie Royale de
to the choir of St, Bernard's at Breslau, as a
Musique, Paris, Oct. 9, 1826. This opera
soprano singer, in 1802, and became cantor
is an alteration of Maometto secondo, but
in 1812. He founded there a choral society
Rossini rewrote the principal airs, cut out
for church music. Works Two cantatas :
;
much of the Italian fioriture, and composed
Masses Te Deum, and other church music
; ;
several new numbers, including the over-
Dreistimmige Choral-Melodien Several sets ;
ture, the finale to the first act, the ballet mu-

sic, the chorus " Divin prophete," the finale
of part-songs for schools. —Fetis ; Schilling.
SIEGFRIED, music-drama in three acts,
to the second act, and the " Benediction des
by Richard Wagner, first represented at
drapeaux." Mahomet is besieging Corinth,
Bayi-euth, Aug. 16, 1876. The third drama
which the Greeks under their leader, Cleo-
in Der Ring des Nibelungen. The original
menes, defend with spirit. Neoclcs, a Greek
cast was as follows :
soldier, loves Pamyra, daughter of Cleo-

meues, and preparations are making for Der Wanderer (Wotan) Franz Bctz.
their nuptials but Pamyra loves Almanzor.
;
Siegfried Georg Unger.
whose vows she received in Athens, and who Alberich Carl Hill.
is none other than Mahomet. She is given Mime Carl Schlosscr.
by her father a dagger, with instructions to Fafner Franz von Rcicheiiberg.
thrust it into her breast if the enemy should Briinnhilde Amalie Fricdricli-Materna.
conquer. Mahomet enters the city and has Erda Luise Jaide.
Cleomuues thrown into a dungeon. Pamyra Stimmo cines Waldvogcls . . .Lilli Lelmiann.
373
:
SIEGFrjED
After fleeing from Wotan's -n-rath (at the fast as it is made neither can Mime suc- ;
end of Die Wallcilre), Sieglinde betakes ceed in welding together the broken pieces
herself,with the shattered fragments of of Siegmund's swoi'd Nothung, his posses-
Siegmund's sword Nothung, to the forest sion of which he has kept a secret from
" toward the East," as Briiimhilde had com- Siegfried. One day, while Siegfried is oif
in the woods, "NVotan enters the hut, in the
disguise of a Wanderer, and craves leave to
rest by Mime's fireside. Mime warns him
off rudely, but at last consents to a wager,
that the Wanderer shall answer three ques-
tions aright, or else forfeit his head. The
Wanderer Avins the wager easily, and then
claims the right to ask Mime three ques-
tions,under the same conditions as before.
Mime answers the first two questions, but
comes to grief on the third, which is
" Who shall forge the sword Nothung
anew ? " The Wanderer laughingly tells
him that he may keep his head for the
present, but that "Only he who has never
known fear shall forge Nothung anew,"
and goes his way out into the forest.
Mime now sees that his secrecy regarding
Nothung can be of no avail, but that he
must give the broken pieces to Siegfried,
for he is the one who has never known fear.
As soon as Siegfried I'eturns, Mime accord-
ingly gives him the fragments, telling him
they were his father's. Siegfried, seeing
Georg Unger, as Siegfried.

the fineness and strength of the steel, pro-
ceeds forthwith to file them to shavings,
manded. Here she is found, half dead melt them in the fire, cast the steel in a
from fatigue and exposure, by the dwarf mould, and then to forge and temper the
Mime, in whose hut she dies in giving birth sword afresh. When finished, he finds it
to the boy Siegfried. Mime, intent ujôu to be at last a weapon worthy of his mettle,
recovering the Nibelungen Treasure and for he cleaves the anvil asunder with it,
the King from Fafner (see Das liheingold), from top to bottom, at a blow. In the sec-
brings up the boy in utter ignorance of his ond act Mime leads Siegfried up to the front
parentage, in hopes that he may aid him in of the cave in which Fafner, in the shape of
the recovery. Siegfried grows apace, but a huge dragon, guards the Ring, the Tarn-
feels an unconquerable antipathy to his helm, and the Nibelungen Treasure. Here
foster-father, and refuses to learn the trade he leaves him a while. Siegfried's ear is
of blacksmith which Mime tries hard to caught by a bird singing in the branches
teach him. All that prevents his running overhead, and tries to imitate the song on a
away is Mime's repeated promises to make reed pipe he cuts for himself finding this a
;
him a sword suitable to his strength. But failure, he plays a merry tune on his horn.
in this Mime cannot succeed, for the young This awakens the dragon Fafner, who comes
Siegfi-icd breaks every sword to shivers as forth from his cave a combat ensues, in
;
374
SIEGFllIED
which Siegfried kills Fafner. Some of the The third act opens on the way to the
'
dragon's blood has got on his finger, and, Briinnhildenstein. The Wanderer summons
after licking it off with his tongue, he finds up the goddess Erda, but she cannot lift
'
that has given him the faculty of under- the veil of the future for him, for she has
it
standing the language of animals. The given all her wisdom to Briinuhilde. Sieg-
Forest Bird tells him of the magic power fried comes his way, and the Wanderer
of the Ring and the Tarnhelm, and also warns him, holding out his spear to
tries to stop
him now that he has won both from
that, bar his passage but Siegfried hews the
;
Fafner, Mime means treacherously to take spear in twain M'ith the sword Nothuug.
his life. Siegfried puts the Ring upon his Wotan's power over the young hero is now
finger, and hangs the Tarnhelm to his belt. gone Siegfried makes his way unhindered
;
Mime returns, congratulating the young through the fire, finds the sleeping Briinn-
hero, but Siegfried soon satisfies himself of hilde, wakes her with a kiss, and the curtain
j
upon the raptures of the first love of

falls
the young Volsung and the whilom Valkyr.

The most noteworthy passages in the music
are Siegfried's song while plying the bel-
lows at the forge " Nothung Nothung ! : !
neidliches Schwert;" his sword -forging

song " Schmiede, mein
: Hammer, ein
starkes Schwert," which develops into the
first finale ; the orchestral music depicting
the murmuring (Waldweben)
of the forest
in the second act and the whole scene be-
;
tween Siegfried and Briinnhilde in Act HI.

This last, from Briinnhilde's awaking :
" Heil dir, Sonne Heil dir. Tag ", to her

! !
episode " Ewig war ich, ewig bin ich,"

:
and the final stretto " Sie ist mir ewig, ist :
mir immer " in which five separate Leit-

!
motivs are worked out simultaneously in

double counterpoint, is
the orchestra, in
one of the most stupendous scenes ever
written by Wagner. Siegfried was fii-st
given in America at the Metropolitan Opera

House, New York, Nov. 9, 1887, with Max
Alvary as Siegfried and Lilli Lehmann as
Briinnhilde. —
Krehbiel, Review (1887-88),
17 Hans von Wolzogen, in Samml. musik.
;
Vortriige, I. 59. For other bibliography,

see Ring des Nibelungen.
Lehmann, as Brunnhilde.
SIEGFRIED-IDYLL, poem for orchestra,
the truth of the Bird's prediction, and cuts written by Wagner in 1871. It is a piece of
the dwarf down with a stroke of his sword. family music, composed to commcniorato
The Bird then sings to Siegfried of a beau- the idyllic life led by the comiwser in liis
tifulmaiden who lies asleep on the top of a villa at Tricbschen, near Lucerne, during
mountain, guarded by a raging fire. Sieg- the composition of the Ring des Nibelungen.
refer to the second part
fried goes off following the Bird's flight. The name does not
375
SIEHE
of the trilogy, although several themes from lished with additional accompaniments by
the love scene between Siegfried and Briiun- Robert Franz, in full and pianoforte score
hilde are introduced, but to Wagner's in- (Leipsic, Leuckart). An organ accompani-
fant son, Siegfried, who was born during ment by Franz, to be used in connection
the composition of that work. It was first with Bach's original score, is also pub-
performed on the morning of Frau Wag- lished separately. — Julius Schaeflfer, Sebas-
ner's birthday, on the stairway in Wagner's tian Bach's Cantata :
" Sie werden aus Saba
villa. The small orchestra, collected from AlleIvommen " in

den Ausgaben von Robert
Ziirich and Lucerne, had been drilled by Franz und dem Leipziger Bach-Verein (Leip-
Hans Richter, who j)layed the trumjiet, while sic, Leuckart, 1877) ; Spitta, ii. 216.
Wagner conducted. The work, which bears SEP ACE, Italian opera in three acts, text
on its title-page a jioem dedicating it to Frau by Metastasio, music by Porpora, first rej)-
Cosima Wagner, is scored for strings, one resented in Venice in 1726. Characters
flute, one oboe, two clarinets, one bassoon, represented : Siface, King of Numidia ;
two horns, and one trumpet, which has but Viriate, Princess of Lusitania ; Erminio,
thirteen measures. It was given in Mann- general of Siface's army and lover of Is-
heim in 1871, and in Meiniugen in 1877. mene ; Ismene, daughter of Orcano ; Or-
The autograph score, in possession of Hans cano, father of Ismene ; and Libanio, Si-
Eichter, was published by Schott (Mainz, face's confidant. The scene is in Rusconia,
1878). It was played by the New York the capital of Numidia. Other Italian op-
Symphony Society, Feb. 16, 1889.— Pohl, eras on Metastasio's text by Francesco Feo, :
Wagner, 316; Mus. Wocheublatt (1877), Naj^les, 1723 by Leonardo da Vinci, ib.,
;
245, (1880), 311 ; Neue Zeitschr. (1877), No. 1731 by Leonardo Leo, Bologna, 1737
; ;
22. by Gluck, Milan, 17-13 by Domeuico Fis- ;
SIEGFRIED'S RHEINFAHIIT. See chietti, Naples, 1761 by Johann Christian ;
G otter dilmmerung. Bach, London, about 1771 and Siface e ;
SIEHE, DER HtTER ISRAELS, chorus Sofonisbe, by Antonio Leal-Moreira, Lis-

in D major, in Mendelssohn's Elias, Part H., bon, Sept. 5, 1783 by Pietro Guglielmi, ;
No. 29. Naples, 1802.

SIERING, IMORITZ, born at Miigeln, SIGISMONDI (Sigismondo), GIUSEPPE,
Saxony, July U, 1821, stiU Hving, 1890. born at Naples, Nov. 13, 1739, died there,
Instrumental composer, pupil of Anacker May 10, 1826. At first a lawyer, he culti-
at Freiberg, and of Karl Ferdinand Becker vated music only as an amateur, but studied
at Leipsic, finally studied singing under singing under Giuseppe Geremia of Ca-
Mann stein where he settled to tania, and Gennaro Capone, and afterwards
in Dresden,
teach music. Works
Der Bravo von Vene- devoted himself to teaching it. In 1808 he
:
dig, opera 2 octets for wind instruments

;
was made librarian of the reorganized Con-
;
Quintet for pianoforte, oboe, clarinet, horn, servatorio. Works Endimione, opera, Vi- :
and bassoon do. for strings, oboe, and enna, about 1767
; L' Assunzione della ;
flute ; do. for pianoforte and strings ; 2 Vergine, oratorio ; Santa Anna, do. ; San
trios Sonata for 2 pianofortes
for do. ; ;
Giuseppe, do. ; San Giovanni di Dio, do. ;
Several collections of songs. Mendel. — Cantatas ; Sonatas for organ ; Toccatas for
SIE WERDEN AUS SABA ALLE KOM- pianoforte ; Solfeggi for soprano ; Esercizio
IVIEN, cantata Festo Epiphanias, for soli di canto. — Fctis.
and chorus, with accompaniment of two SIGISMONDO, Italian opera seria, text
horns, two flutes, two oboi da caccia, strings by Foppa, music by Rossini, first rep-
complete, and continuo, by Johann Sebas- resented at the Teatro della Fenice, Venice,
tian Bach (Bachgesellschaft, No. 65) pub- ;
during the carnival of 1815. Marcolini,
376
SIGISMUXDO
Manfredini, Bianchi, Galli, and Paccini ap- weird terror and fascination, in the magic-
peared in the original cast. The opera was fire scene the other in the nuptial fes-
;
a failure, but several of its best numbers tivities of Brunhilda and Gunther, and
were remodelled for later operas. of Sigurd and Hilda. The opera was given
SIGISMUNDO D' INDIA, born at Pa- in Loudon in Italian, in July, 1884, with
lermo, in the second half of the 16th cen- the following cast
Sigurd, M. Jourdain :
;
tury, was living in Venice in 1630. Ama- Albani Hilda, Mmc

Brunhilda, Mme ;
teur composer and j)oet, Knight of St. Fursch-Madi Gunther, ]M. Devoyod Ha- ;
;
Mark, and gentleman to Prince Maurice, gen, Signor de Reszke and the high- ;
Cardinal of Savoy. Works Le musiche priest, M. Soulacroix. A scene from Si-

:
da cantare, etc. (Milan, primo gurd was sung by Mme Fursch-Madi at the
1609) ; II
libro delle villanelle (Venice, Ma- Philharmonic Society's Concert, New York,
1610) ;
drigali a cinque voci (Venice, 1611) Le mu- Dec. 8, 1888.— Atheua3um (1884), ii. 89
;
;
siche del Cavaliere Sigismundo d' India Krehbiel, Review (1888-89), 38.
(ib., 1623) II primo libro di madrigali a
; SIGURD SLEÎBE, overture to BjOrn-
cinque voci (Rome, 1621) L' ottavo libro son's drama of, in C, by Johann Severin
;
de' madrigali (Rome, 1624) Motetti a piti Svendsen, op. 8, first performed at a Eu-
;
voci (ib., 1627).—Fetis Mendel.

; terpe concert, Leipsic, in 1871, with great
SIGURD, French grand opera in four success. It Avas given at a musical festival
acts, text by Camille de Locle and Alfred in Cassel in 1872. Published by E. W.
Blau, music by Ernest Reyer, first rep- Fritzsch (Leipsic, 1872) Pianoforte score, ;
resented at the Theatre de la Monnaie, four hands, by A. Reckendorf (ib., 1873).

Brussels, Jan. 7, 1881, with M. Jourdaiu as —
Mus. Wochenblatt (1872), 4o8.
Sigurd. The text is from Norse legends SIGUR JORSALFUR, music to Bj..ru-
and the Nibelungenlied, but the theme is son's drama of, by Edvard Grieg, op. 22.
treated merely from a dramatic standpoint, SIKORSKI, JOZEF, born at Warsaw in
and not as a mythical and philosophical 1815, still living (?), 1890. Instrumental
allegory. The origin of Sigui-d (Siegfried) and vocal composer and writer on music,
is not described, nor is the Nibelungen pupil of Stefani in singing, and of Jawurek
hoard mentioned. Hilda, whose life is on the pianoforte studied harmony and ;
saved by Sigurd, is the Gudrun of the composition from the famous work of ^larx.
Norse legends and the Kriemhild of the He soon became a distinguished writer on
Nibelungenlied. She loves Sigurd, and music, and in 1857 founded, and until 1863
on his arrival at her brother's court gives edited, " Ruch muzyczny," a Polish musical
him a love-potion, prej)ared by her foster- periodical. Works Several Polish masses, :
mother, Uta. Sigurd then undertakes to with organ RadosS, cantata with orches- ;
win the sleeping Brunhilda, of whom he tra Dzwon (The Bell, after Schiller), in
;
has no previous knowledge, for Gunther. melodramatic form Alpuhara (The Alpine ;
Brunhilda, believing that Gunther has horn), for soli and chorus Pianoforte ;
awakened her, accepts him for her hus- pieces, and songs Method for pianoforte, ;
band, but as she is about to place Hilda's and Vocal method. Fttis Mendel So- — ; ;
hand in that of Sigurd, she feels a mys- winski.

terious bond between Sigurd and herself, SI LA RIGUEUR. See La Juivc.
and he renounces Hilda. Sigurd's death SI, LA STANCHEZZA. See II Trovofon:
is brought about according to the Norse SILAS, EDUARD, born in Amstordam,
version, and Brunhilda dies at the same Aug. 22, 1827, still living, 1S90. Pian-
moment. The opera ends with their apo- ist and organist, pupil of Neher, court
theosis. Ballets are introduced, one of musician at Mannheim, then of Kalk-
877
SILCHER
brenner, in Paris (1842), and at the Con- German songs for four male voices 12 ;
servatoire of Benoist on the organ, and German songs for four male voices Hymns ;
Halovy in coraposi- for Sundays and festival days, four voices ;
/^ Swabian, Thuringian, and Franconian folk

^^L ^^^^ '
^^^^ prize for
/ :*s^^ organ in 1849. He songs Many songs for one and two voices, ;
went to England in including Ich weiss nicht was soil es bedeu-

1850, was first heard ten Anncheu von Tharau, Zu Strassburg
;
in Liverpool at a auf der Schanz Morgen muss ich fort ;
Philharmonic C o n - von hier. He also published Harmonie- :
cert, made his debut und Kompositionslehre (Tubingen, 1851),
in London at the —Kustlin, Fr. Silcher (Stuttgart, 1877) ;
Musical Union un- Mendel ; Riemann ; Fetis ; do., Supple-

der Ella, in the same ment, ii. 519 ; Viotta, iii. 383.
year, has since been established in London SILENCE, SILENCE, THE LADY
as a teacher, and is organist of the Catholic MOON. See Bohemian Girl.
Chapel at Kingston-on-Thames, and instruc- S'lL EST SUR TERRE. See Domino
tor of harmony at the Guildhall School of noir.
Music. "Works : Nitocris, opera ; Love's SILLA, Italian opera in three acts, by
Dilemma, commedietta Joash, oratorio, ; Handel. This, the shortest of Handel's
Norwich Festival, 18G3 Music to the drama ; supposed to have been written
ojêras, is
Fanchette Kyrie eleison, for 4 voices and

; in England in 1714. The author of the
orchestra Mass (prize gold medal, Brus-
; text is unknown, and no record of a per-
sels, 18GG) Ave verum, Tantum ergo, Ave
;
formance has been discovered. Chrysander
Regina, O Salutaris, Magnificat, with organ suggests that it was intended for a pri-
and orchestra 3 symphonies 3 overtures
; ; ;
vate representation at Burlington House.
3 concertos for pianoforte ; Fantasia for Characters represented : Silla (A.) ; Me-
pianoforte and orchestra. Crystal Palace, tella, his wife (S.) ; Lepido (S.) ; Flavia,
1865 Elegy, for do., ib., 1873
; Nonet ; his wife (S.) Claudio (A.) Celia (S.) II
; ; ;
for string and wind instruments 2 quin- ; Dio Scene laid in Rome.
(B.). Much
tets ;
Quartets for pianoforte and strings ;
of the music, with more or less alteration,
4 trios for do., etc. Organ, and pianoforte
;
was transfeiTcd to Handel's next opera,
music, and songs. —
Grove Fetis, Supple- ; Amadigi di Gallia, May 25, 1715. Sixty-
ment, ii. 519 Riemann. ; two pages of the original score, in Han-
SILCHER, FRIEDRICH, born at del's autograph, is contained in the second
Schnaith, Wiirtembei'g, June 27, 1789, died volume of "Songs and Sketches," in the
at Tubingen, Aug. 2G, 1860. in Buckingham Palace, which
Vocal composer, collection
pupil of his father and of Auberlen, organ- includes a conducting score without the
ist at Fellbach, near Stuttgart after a short overture. A copy, owned by Sir John Haw-
;
time sjient at Schorndorf and Ludwigsburg, kins, is in the British Museum. A faulty
he lived in Stuttgart, teaching music, and cojiy was made by an incompetent person
in 1817 was appointed music director at about 1780. The score was first pub-
the University of Tiibingen, where he re- lished by the Handelgesellschaft, Breitkopf
ceived the honorary degree of doctor in & Hilrtel (Leipsic, 1875). Other Italian op-
1852. He was a great promoter of Ger- eras on this subject Silla, by Giovanni :
man folk-song, especially through his Samm- Domenico Freschi, Venice, 1683 by Karl ;
lung deutscher Volkslieder. Works Six Heinrich Graun, text by Friedrich H. Ital- :
hymns, for four voices Wiirtembergisches ian translation by Tagliazucchi, Berlin,

;
Choralbuch, for three voices 2 canons 6 Oct. 13, 1753 Silla dittatore, by Leonardo
; ; ;
878
;
SILVA
da Vinci, Naples, 1722 Lucio Silla, by oratorio Moise au Mont Sinai, do.; Clovis,
;
;
Mozart, text by Gamera, Milan, Dec. 26, ode-symphonie Cantata in E-flat Les ; ;
1772 by Johanu Christian Bach, Mann- noces de Promethee, cantata Stabat Mater,
; ;
heim, 1744 by Pasquale Aufossi, Venice, for chorus, soli, and orchestra (prize, Bor-
;
1744 and Sylla, in French, by Theobalde deaux, 1871)

; 2 symphonies (do., 1866) ;
Gatti, text by Duche, Paris, Sept. 16, 1701.

Charlemagne, ouverture-symphonie Ri- ;
— Chrysander, Handel, ii. 415 Rockstro, chard en Palestine, suite for orchestra La
;
;
Handel, 89 Bitter, Reform der Oiêr durch marche des Francs, Barcarolles, La danse
;
Gluck, 129. moresque, all for orchestra Septet for pi- ;
Sn.VA (Sylva, Sylvanus), ANDREAS anoforte and strings ;

Quintet for do. ;
DE, born in the second part of the loth Quartet for do.
Trio for do.; Sonata for ;
century. Church composer, of whose his- pianoforte and violin Scene romautique, ;
tory nothing is known. He is mentioned in for do.; 2 romances sans paroles, do.; Suite
a treatise by Sebastian Virchung, organist of for pianoforte and violoncello 2 duos for ;
Bamberg, printed at Basel in 1611. Only do.; La Franyaise, cantata with soli and
two copies of the book exist, one in the choinis Les guerriers de Lucifer, scene- ;
Imperial Library, Vienna, another in the ballade, for chorus and orchestra Les ;
Royal Library, Berlin. His compositions bateliers canadieus, for do.; Les elfes, do.
are found in the following collections Mo- (female voices) 9 choruses, with orchestra
: ;
;
tetti della Corona, lib. i. (1514) Motetti La vague, allegory for sojsrano, with chorus
;
del Frutto, lib. i. (Venice, 1539) Select, and orchestra La valse, melody for tenor
; ;
necnon familiar, cantiones (1540) Psalmo- and orchestra J'aspire a toi, for tenor,
; ;
rum selector., vol. 2 (Nuremberg, 1539) At- bom, and violoncello Choruses for male and
; ;
taingnant's Viginte musicales (1534) Lib. mixed voices, a cappella Pianoforte music
; ;
;
duodecimus, ditto (1535) Motetti del Fi- Songs. Fetis do., Supplement, ii. 519.
; — ;
ore, lib. i. (1532) Select. Sacrar. cantionum

; SILV.\:M, GIUSEPPE ANTONIO,
—
(Louvain, 1569). Fctis Labat, Hist, de la church composer of the school of Bologna,
;
Mus., i. 343 Riemann Mendel.

; ; where he was maestro di cappella at San
SILVA, DAVID POLL DA, born at Saint- Stefano in 1720. Works Litanie concer- :
Esprit, near Bayonne, France, March 28, tate, etc. (Bologna) Inui sacri per tutto 1' ;
1834, died at Clermont (Oise), May 9, 1875. anno (ib., 1702) do. (1705) Sacri respon- ; ;
Instrumental and vocal composer, first in- sori della settimana santa (ib., 1704) Trc ;
structed by his mother and grandmother, misse solenni (ib., 1705) Stabat Mater, ;
who had been pupils of the best masters Benedictus, etc. (ib., 1706) Messe a quat- ;
in Paris then studied composition under tro voci (ib., 1709)

; Motetti a otto voci ;
Funck, at Bordeaux, where his family had pieni, etc. (ib., 1711) Motetti con le quat- ;
settled. In 1854 he went to Paris, and Avas tro antifone della B. V. ; ^Motetti a 2 e 3 voci
urged by Halevy to enter the Conserva- (ib., 1716) ; Sacri lanicntazioni della setti-
toire, but his failing sight decided him to mana santa (ib., 1720) ;
Quattro messe a 4
renounce this opportunity. When he af- voci (ib., 1720) ;
Secondo libro della litanie
terwards became totally blind, his mother della B. V. (ib., 1725) ;
Cautate morali o
wrote bis compositions down from bis spirituali (ib., 1727). He left in manuscript
dictation. He was one of the most pro- 4 masses, with organ, and 3 solenm masses,
lific and original composers of this epoch. with orchestra. Fetis Mendel. — ;
Works La wivre, grand opera Guncm,

: ;
SI, MINACCIA, K VINT.\, alto aria of
ou la favorite du calife, opera-comique ;

Melo, in E minor, with accompaniment of
L'avalanche, do.; Un, deux, trois serpents, violins in unison, and bass, in Handel's
opera-bouffe ; La Sulamite, ballet ; Judith, Sosarmc, Act I., Scene 6. Published also
379
;; :
SIMO^Ê
separately "with the accomi)auiment filled tury. He left in manuscript many masses,
out by Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistuer), motets, and psalms, mostly in the archives
SBION, JEAN HENRI, bora at Ant- of the Pontifical Chapel, Avhere several of
wei-p in Ajn-il, 1783, died there, Feb. 10, them are still performed. His most distin-
18C1. mai- guished pupil was Corelli. Fetis Mendel.
Violinist, first instructed at the — ;
trise de Saint-Jacques, Antwerp, then in SI MOSTRA LA SORTE, aria for tenor

Paris pupil of La Houssaye and Rode on with orchestra, in D, composed by Mozart
the violin, of Gossec, Catel, and Lesueur in in Salzburg, May 19, 1775. Breitkopf &
composition. He was scarcely eight years Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie YI., No. 11.
old when he conducted a mass with orches- Kuchel, — Yerzeichuiss, No. 209 ; Jahn,
tra, by Kraft, On his return to Antwerp Mozart, i. 418.
he soon attained a distinguished position as SIMPLICIIJS, operetta, text by Yictor
virtuoso, composer, and teacher of his in- Leon, music by Johaun Strauss, first repre-
strument. Among his jûpils were Meerts, sented at the Theater an der Wien, Yienna,
Jansseus, and Yieuxtemps, Works Judith, : Dec. 17, 1887. It was conducted by the
ou le siege de Bethulie, oratorio Cantatas ; composer, and was received with great ap-
Motets La voix du soir, overture 7 con-
; ; plause.
certos for violin Airs varies and fantaisies
; SDIPSON, CHRISTOPHER. See
for do.; Trio for 2 violins and bass; Cho- Sympson.
ruses. —Fetis, Supplement, ii. 521. SIND BLITZE, SIND DONNER, double
SBIONE BOCCANEGRA, Italian opera chorus in E minor, with double orchestra,
in three acts, with prologue, text by Piave, organ, and contiuuo, following immediately
music by Yerdi, first represented in Yenice, after the duet So ist mein Jesus nun gefan-
March 12, 1856. A dull libretto caused its gen, in Johanu Sebastian Bach's Passion
failure. The scene is laid in Genoa in the nach Matthiius, Part I., No. 33. It is
15th century. Simoue Boccanegra having commonly known as the " Lightning " or
been made doge, refuses the hand of his " Thunder" chorus.
daughter to one of his supporters, by whom SINFONIA EROICA (Heroic Symphony),
he is finally poisoned. The libretto was for orchestra, in E-flat, by Beethoven, op.
altered by Arrigo Boito, and the music by 55, first performed in the house of Prince
Yerdi, and the ojjera Avas revived with suc- Lobkowitz, Yienna, in 1805. This, the com-
cess in Milan, April 12, 1881. Liszt pub- poser's third symphony, was begun in 1802,
lished Reminiscences of Simone Boccane- and finished in 1805. The full
title is
gra, for the pianoforte. " Siufouia Eroica, composta per festeggiare
SDIONELLI, IklATTEO, born in Rome, il sovvenire di un grand' uomo, dedicata,"
about the middle of the etc. (composed to celebrate the memory of
17th century, died (?). a great man). The first MS. copy, prepared
Church composer, pu- for the French legation in Yienna, was
l)ii of Gregorio Allegi-i inscribed with the name of Napoleon Bona-
and of Orazio Benevoli parte, whose career Beethoven had watched

was received into the with interest and admiration but when he ;
choir of the Pontifical heard that Napoleon had accepted the title
Chapel in 1662, and of Emperor, he tore ofif the title-page.
was afterwards maestro Beethoven never referred to this circum-
di cappella of several stance until the news of Bonaparte's death
churches in Rome. The at St. Helena was received, when he said
elegant simplicity of his style won him the " I have ah-eady composed the proper mu-
surname of the Palestrina of the 17th cen- sic for that catastrophe," referring to the
3S0
; ;
SmFONIA
Funeral March. Many sketches are extant performed in Vienna, Dec. 22, 1808. This,
showing how Beethoven's ideas developed the composer's sixth symphony, was written
and crystallized into a work of the high- in 1808, in the meadows near Heiligen-
est beauty and grandeur. I. Allegro con stadt. It is an idyllic tone-pictui-e of a
brio II. Marcia f unebre Adagio assai HI. landscape, but more expressive of sensa-
; : ;
Scherzo and trio Allegro vivace IV. Fi- tions than of actual description, as was
:
;
nale Allegro molto.

: This symphony was Beethoven's preface, " Mehr Ausdruck der
first given by the Philharmonic Society, Empfinduug als Malerei," placed before
New York, Feb. 18, 1843. The original the programme for its first performance.
score, dedicated to Prince Lobkowitz, is I. Allegro ma non trojjpo (The cheerful im-
in the Public Library, Vienna, It was first pressions excited on anivingiu the country)
published by the Bureau of Ai-ts and In- H. Andante molto moto (By the brook)
dustry (Vienna, 180G) afterwards by Has- HI. Allegro (Peasant's merrymaking), and
;
linger (Vienna) Sinirock (Bonn) Launay Allegro (Thunder-storm); IV. Allegi-etto

; ;
(Paris) and Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven (The shepherd's song glad and thankful
;
;
Vêrke, SerieArranged as a feelings after the storm). This symphony

I., No. 3.
nonet by Ebers (Richter, St. Petersburg) was played, and the idea expressed in the
for vioHn, viola, and violoncello for piano- music w\as illustrated by pantomime with
;
forte, violin, viola, and violoncello for pi- tableaux, by the Kiinstler Liedertafel, Diis-
;
anoforte, flute, and violoncello and for seldorf, March 14 and IG, 1874. The ori'n-
;
flute, violin, and violoncello, by Hummel nal score, dedicated to Prince Lobkowitz
for pianoforte for eight hands, by Hoflt- and Count Rasumoflfsky, and now in the pos-
mann for four hands, by A. E. Miiller, session of Baron Hiiyssen van Kattendyke,
;
and by Czerny and for two hands by was published by Breitkopf & Hartel (Lcip-
;
Liszt, Hummel, Kalkbreuner, and Winkler. sic, 1809) do., Beethoven Werke, Serie I, ;
Marcia funebre for two pianofortes, and No. G. The symphony is arranged as a string
for pianoforte and organ, by Neukomm quintet by Fischer for the pianoforte, flute, ;
;
for pianoforte and physharmonica and for violin, and violoncello, by Hummel ; for the ;
the pianoforte for two hands by Lickl for violin and violoncello, by Belke for the pi- ; ;
pianoforte for two hands by E. Pauer (Au- anoforte and violin, by Peters for the piano- ;
—
gener & Co., London). Lenz, Beethoven, forte for four hands, by Watts, Czeruy, imd
I. part ii. 285 Lenz, Beethoven et ses Mockwitz for two pianofortes, by Eber-
; ;
trois styles, ii. 130, 232 Marx, Beethoven, wein and for the pianoforte, by Hummel,
; ;
i. 243, 286 Thayer, do., ii. 244 iii. 437

; Ivalkbrenner, and Liszt. Thayer, Verzeich-
; ;
—
Nohl, do., ii. 17G Thayer, Verzeichniss, niss, No. 141 do., Beethoven, iii. 57 Nohl,
; ; ;
No. 115 Elterlein, Beethoven Symphonien, do., ii. 241 Marx, do., ii. 190 Lenz, do.,
; ; ;
35 ;Nottebohm, Skizzenbuch von Beet- ii., part i. 95 do., Beethoven et ses trois ;
hoven an der Jahre 1803-G, 7G Grove, iv. styles, ii. 142 Elterlein, Beethoven Sj-m-
; ;
24 Wagner, Ges. Schriften, ix. 83 Ber- phonien, 52 Nottebohm, Skizzenbuch von

; ; ;
lioz, Voyage musical en Allemagne, i. 280 Beethoven an der Jahre 1803, 155 OuHbi- ;
;
Berlioz, A
travers chants, 22 Oulibichefi", cheft', Beethoven, 219
;
Berlioz, A travers ;
Beethoven, 180 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., vii. chants, 38 Neue Zeitschr., xxx. Go Iviii.
; ; ;
321, 501 ix. 321, 497 ; x. 320 xvi. 811 80 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xi. 2G7, 433 xii.
; ; ;
;
;
Neue Zeitschr., xxx. 16 xxxviii. 16, 38 241 xvii. 693 xlii. 1044 Mus. Wochen-
; ; ; ; ;
Eevue et gaz. mus. de Paris (1857), 53, 97 blatt (1874), 238 Grove, iv. 2G I'pton, ;
; ;
Upton, Standard Symphonies, 44. Standard Symplionics, G5.

SINFONIA PASTORALE (Pastoral Sym- SINFONIE MIT SCHLUSSCHOIJ (Ninth,
phony), in F, by Beethoven, op. G8, first or Choral Symphony), for orchestra, soh,
a8i
"
:
SINFO^'IE
and chorus, in D
minor, by Beethoven, op. mental divisions. A. Instrumental I Alle- :
125, iDerformed at the Kiirnthnerthor gro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso ; 11.
first
Theater, Vienna, May 7, 1824. This, the Scherzo, molto vivace Trio, presto ; HL ;
most colossal of all symphonies, was written Adagio molto e cautabile IV. Recitative, ;
in 1823. The form and the theme of the Presto ; Allegro ma non troppo, etc. ; V.
chorus bear a strong resemblance to the Allegro Vocal I. Recitative
assai. B. :
pianoforte Fantasie mit Chor, in C minor, (Bass) IL Quartet and chorus

; Allegro ;
op. 80, written in 1808 and Beethoven

;
assai HE. Tenor solo and chorus Allegro
; :
describes this symphony as being in the assai vivace, alia marcia ; TV'. Chorus
style of the former work, but on a far larger Andante maestoso V. Chorus ; : Allegro
scale. For thirty years Beethoven cherished energico sempre ben marcato Quar- ; W.
the idea of setting Schiller's Ode and choinis
to Joy, Allegro ma non tauto
tet :
;
"An die Freude." Sketches for musical Wl. Chorus Prestissimo. The first move- :
themes to this poem are found as early as ment is a fine example of Beethoven's last
1811, among the sketches for the seventh period ; the second, his grandest typical
and eighth symphonies, and again in 1822 scherzo ; the third, the gi-eatest sjDecimen
with those for the overture in C, oj). 124, theme with
of orchestral treatment of the
and the Mass in D. The Namensfeier over- and the fourth, a connecting
variations ;
ture, op. 115, suggests the theme finally link to the choral division, in which the
chosen for Schiller's ode, which at one time voices, accompanied by a full comjDlement
Beethoven thought of setting as a chorus of instrumental foi'ces, carry the sentiment
preceded by an overture. In 1822 Beet- of the poem to the highest point of exulta-
hoven received from the Philharmonic So- tion. The sketch-books, in the Royal Lib-
ciety of London an offer of £50 for a MS. rary, BerHn, contain many themes for the
sj-mphony. He accepted the commission, Ode to Joy, accompanied by such exj^res-
completed the ninth symphony in 1824, and sions as " No, this recalls our desperation ;
sent the MS.London, where it was first

to " Oh no, not thissomething pleasanter : it is
that I want " and " Ha this is it.

;
performed, under Sir George Smart's direc- I have !
tion, by the Philharmonic Society, March found it at last," at the side of the theme
21, 1825. Beethoven was too deaf to con- chosen. This symphony was first given in
duct the orchestra when the work was first Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1825 at the Nie- ;
given in Vienna in 1824, but he stood by der-Rheiuische Musikfeste, Aix-la-Chajielle,

the side of Umlauf, the conductor, and June, 1825182G in Berlin ; in Leipsic in ;
indicated the tempi of the different move- 1837 in Dresden in

in 1830 ; in Paris in ;
ments. The symphony was received with 1838 by the New York Philharmonic in
;
extraordinary enthusiasm. A circumstance the season of 1845-46 and by the Handel ;
which realized the master's affliction, ap- and Haydn Society of Boston, April 2,
pealed to the sympathy of the audience, for 1853. The original MS., dedicated to
standing with his face to the orchestra, he King Friedrich Wilhelm HI. of Prussia, is
did not know of the tumult of applause in the Royal Library of Berlin. The score
until Friiulein Ungher, who sang the con- was first published by Schott (Mainz and
tralto solos, called his attention to the en- Paris, 1824) ; Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beet-
thusiastic audience. Beethoven has not hoven Werke, Serie I., No. 9. Arranged
used all of Schiller's words, nor employed for two pianofortes by Franz Liszt for ;
them in their regular order. Their selec- four hands by Czerny, Selmar Bagge, and
tion and arrangement appear to have Markull and for two hands by Kalk-
;
troubled him exceedingly, and also the brenner, Markull Chorus arranged by ;
manner of connecting the vocal and instru- Esser and a pianoforte score by Rink.
;
382
, ;
si:ngelEe
—Thayer, Verzeicbniss, No, 238 Leuz, the theatre in Pesth, then travelled success-
;
Beethoven, ii. Part ii., 168 do., Beethoven fully in Germany until 1853, when he
;
be-
et ses trois styles, Marx, Beet-
ii. 184, 234 ; came Conzert- _
hoven, ii. 302-333 Nohl, do., iii. 368- ; meister and cham-
442 Schindler, do., 139, 165
; Elterlein, ; ber virtuoso at
Beethoven Symphonieu, 69 Wagner, Ges. ; Weimar. Since
Schriften, ii. 65-84 ix. 277 Berlioz, A ; ; 1861 he has held
travers chants, 52 Hoffmann, Programm ; a similar position
zu Beethoven's neunter Sinfouie (Berlin, at Stu ttgart,
1870) ; Neue 109 xxxvii. where he is also
Zeitschr., xxx. ;
143 Ixviii 178, 257, 295, 308, 316 Ber- professor at the
; ; ;
liner mus. Zeitg., iii. 373 Cilcilia, viii. Conservato r i u m ;
231 ; xiv, 315 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxvi. and enjoys high
;
440 xxviii. 853 xlix. 489, 505

; ; Eevue reputation as a ;
et gaz. mus. de Paris (1837-38), 96 Mus. teacher. Works Morceaux de salon, airs ; :
Wochenblatt (1872), 545, 561, 593, 657, varies, nocturnes, fantasias on operatic
689, 703, 751, 783, 815 Grove, i. 206 iv. themes ; Transcriptions of Field's Noc- ; ;
217 Upton, Standard Symphonies, 83.

; turnes, duos (with Bulow), etc. Mendel —
SINGEL:fiE, JEAN BAPTISTE, born in Reich, Ehrentempel (Pesth, 1856), 43.
Brussels, Sept. 25, 1812, died at Ostend, SINGER, OTTO, born at Sora, near Meis-
Sept. 29, 1875. Violinist, first instructed sen, July 26, 1833, still living, 1890. He
by his elder brother Charles (1809-67), studied in 1845-51 at the Kreuzschule,
then pupil of Wery at the Royal School of Dresden, and in 1851-55 at the Leipsic
Music, Brussels, where he won the first Conservatorium became later a pupil of
;
prize in 1829, Having for several years Liszt. In 1860 he settled in Dresden as
played in the orchestras of two minor the- teacher and virtuoso, and in 1867 went to
atres, and of the Opera Comique, in Paris, New York in a similar capacity. In 1873 he
he returned to Brussels and became one of removed to Cincinnati, and became, in 1878,
the first violins at the Theatre Royal, and an instructor in the College of ]\Iusic, in
in 1839 first solo violin. Afterwards he which he is now professor of the pianoforte
was for a short time chef d'orchestre at the and of theory. Works The Landing of the
:
theatre in Marseilles, and in 1852 was ap- Pilgrim Fathers, cantata, Cincinnati, 1876 ;
pointed to a similar position at Ghent, later Festival Ode, do., ib., 1878 2 concertos
;
still at Antwerp, and, after his return to for pianoforte and orchestra Several sym-
;
Brussels, at the Theatre de la Monnaie. phonies Symphonic fantasia Violin sona- ; ;
Works Arsene, ou la baguette magique, ta Pianoforte sonata, and other pianoforte

: ;
ballet (with Sor), Brussels, 1845 2 con- music. Mendel Riemann. ;

— ;
certos for violin Overtures Fantasias on

;
SINGER, PETER, born at Hiisclgchr,
;
operatic themes, etc. Fetis —

do., Supple- Tyrol, July 18, 1810, died at Salzburg, Jan.
;
ment, ii. 521. 25-26, 1882. Franciscan monk, organist,

SINGER, EDMUND, born at Dotis, Hun- pianist, church composer, and instrument
gary, Oct. 14, 1831 (Oct. 18, 1830?), still builder son of a bell-founder, and entirely ;
living, 1890. Virtuoso on the violin, first self-taught. He invented and constructed
instructed in Pesth by Ellinger, then pupil a remarkable sort of orchestrion, which ho
of Ridley Kohne, and in Vienna of Josef called Pansymphonikon, and discovered a
Bohm, finally at the Conservatoire in Paris, new system of harmony. A monument was
where he appeared in concerts with gi'eat erected to his memory at Salzburg in 1883.
success. In 1846-48 he was solo violin at Works 101 masses 600
: ;
offertories ;
About
8»8
:
SINICO
30 litanies Graduals Many songs to tbe ber, first rej)resented at the Opera Comique,
; ;
Blessed Virgin Pianoforte music.

; He Paris, March 26, 1844. The libretto is the
published Cantus
: choralis in provincia story of Marco Tempesta, a bandit, w^hose
Tirolensi cousuetus (Salzburg, 1862) 2 sister, Zerbina, plays the part of a siren in
;
Marienlieder 2 Tantuin ergo, etc. ; Me- alluring victims to his ambuscade, where he
;
taphysische Blicke in die Tonwelt, nebst

einem dadurcli veranlassten neuen Sys-
tem der Touwisseuscbaft (Munich, ISil.
— Biogr. Salzburgischer Tonkiinstler (Salz-
burg, 47 Engel, Gedenkbuch (Salz-
18-45), ;
burg, 1872), 290 Staffler, Das deutsche ;
Tirol, etc. (Innspruck, 1847), i. 320 Wurz- ;
bach Zeitschrift f iir Deutschlands Musik-

;
vereine (Carlsruhe, 1844), iii. 260.

SINICO, FRANCESCO,
born at Trieste,
Dec. 12, 1810, died there, Aug. 18, 1865.
Vocal composer and popular instructor of
choral singing, pupil of Andreuzzi, an or-
ganist, then of Farinelli at the age of ;
twenty-two he became director of the Phil-

harmonic-dramatic Society of Trieste, and in
1843 maestro di cappella in the Jesuits' con-
vent. On his application the municipality
Gustave Hippolite Roger.
of Trieste erected a singing-school for 80
children, which was placed under his direc- robs them mercilessly. Mile Louise La-
tion, andthere, and soon in two additional voye sang the part of the Siren, and Roger
schools for children and artisans of both that ofMarco Tempesta in the original cast,
sexes, he established courses for choral sing- which included Henri, Audran, Eicquier,
ing, after the method of Wilhem, with bril- and Mile Prevost. This opera was given in
liant success, performing even oratorios and Berlin, translation by L. Rellstab, Oct. 15,
masses. Works: I virtuosi di Barcellona, 1844. Published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel
opera, Trieste, 1841 Eosmunda, Zaira, op- (Leipsic, 1844). Clement et Larousse, 626;
; —
eras (unfinished) ; Music to Somma's trag- Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xlvi. 425.
edy Parisina ; Masses, motets, hymns for SIRIVIEN (Syrmen), MADDALENA
the service in the Jesuits' chapel ; Many LO]MBARDINI DE, born in Venice in 1735,
choruses, sacred and profane, for his died towards the close of the century. Vio-
schools. —Fetis, Sujipk'ment, ii. 522. linist and composer, pupil at the Conserva-
SIXICO, GIUSEPPE, born at Trieste, torio dei Mendicanti, Venice, and of Tartini
Feb. 10, 1836, still living, 1890. Dramatic in Padua. She travelled in Italy with bril-
composer, son and pupil of the preceding, liant success, being spoken of as a rival to
whom he at first aided in his instructive Nardiui married Luigi de Sirmen, a vio- ;
labors. Works: I and maestro di cappella at Bergamo,

moschettieri, Trieste, linist
1859 Aurora di Nevers, ib., 1861 Mari- with whom she went in 1761 to Paris and
; ;
nella, ib., 1862. He published Brevo me- played at the Concerts Spirituels. In 1768
:
todo teoretico-pratico di canto elementare, she went to London, but in 1774 accepted
etc. —Fetis, Supplement, ii. 523. an engagement to sing in small parts in
SIR$:NE, la (The Siren), opera-comique opera. In 1782 she was concert singer at
in three acts, text by Scribe, music by Au- the court of Saxony in Dresden. Works
384
;:
SIROE
Six trios for 2 violins and violoncello (Am- afterwards maestro di cappella at the cathe-
sterdam) 7 concertos for violin.
; Fetis dral of his native city. —
Works Zenobia, :
Schilling Mendel.
; given at Modena, 1783 II Pimmaglione, ;
SIROE, Italian opera in three acts, text Milan, 1793 Aristodcmo, cantata, Reggio, ;
by Metastasio arranged by Nicolu Haym, 1811 Masses, motets, vespers, and other
;
music by Handel, first represented at the —

church mu.sic, Ft'tis.
King's Theatre, London, Feb. 17, 1728. SIR ROGER DE CO\\ERLY, a popular
The autograph score, in Buckingham Palace, dance-tune of England, from which Addi-
is signed " Fine dell' opera, London, Feb. son took the name for his " Sir Roger de
5, 1728." Original cast Cosroe, King of : Coverly," in the "Spectator." It is prob-
Persia, lover of Laodice (B.), SignorBoschi ably of north-country origin. The name of
Siroe, his eldest son, lover of Emira (S.), its author and the date of its composition
Siguor Seuesiuo Medarse, sou of Cosroe are unknown. The title is said to have
;
(A.), Signor Baldi Emira, Princess of Cam- been derived from the Calverley family
;
baja, disguised as a man under the name of of the Yorkshire town of Calverley. Ralph
Idaspe, in love with Siroe (S.), Signora Thoresby's MS. account of this family de-
Faustina Laodice, sister of Arasse, general scribes Roger as " a person of renowned
;
of the Persian army and friend of Siroe, hospitality, since at this day the obsolete
and in love with Siroe (S.), Signora Cuzzoni. tune of Roger a Calverley is referred to him,
Scene in the city of Seleucia. First pub- who, according to the custom of those
lished by Cluer (London) Hiindelgesell- times, kept his minsti'ells." The tune is
;
schaft, Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1878). called variously " Old Roger of Coverly :
Other Italian operas on Metastasio's text for evermore, a Lancashire Hornpipe ;"
by Leonardo da Vinci, Venice, 1726 by " Roger of Coverly " " Roger a Coverly " in
; ;
Domeuico Sarri, Naples, 1726 by Antonio Gay's opera of Polly; "Roger de Cover-
;
Bioni, Breslau, 1731 by Johann Adam ly" in Robin Hood; and "Sir Roger de
;
Hasse, Vienna, 1733, London, Nov. 23, Coverly " in Fielding's Tom Jones (1769).
1736, Dresden, Aug. 31, 1763 by Antonio A song with the burden, " O brave Roger
;
Vivaldi, Ancona, 1738 by Wageuseil, Mil- de Coverly," is contained in " Pills to purge
;
an, about 1745 by Cocchi, Naples, 1750 melanchol}'." The first known mention of
; ;
by Gennaro Manna, Venice, 1753 by Gio- this tune is in a pamphlet printed in 1548
;
vanni Battista Lampugnani, London, 1755 (in the British Museum), giving an account
;
by David Perez, Lisbon, 1756 by Pic- of a quarrel between Sir Hugh Calverley
;
cinni, Naples, 1759 by Hermann Friedrich and Mr. John Griffiths, in the county of
;
Raupach, St. Petersburg, 1760 by Giar- Chester, in which reference is made to a

;
dini, London, 1764 by Buroni, Prague, ; tune called " Roger of Caulveley." The
1765 by Pietro Guglielmi, Naples, 1765
; ;
editor of the Skene MS. claims the tune as
by Traetta, Munich, 1767; by Baldassare Scotch on the authority of a ÎS. dated
Galuppi, about 1775 by Giuseppe Sarti, ; 1706, and says that north of the Tweed it
Turin, 1783 and by Carlo Ubal.li, Turin,
; isknown as " The IMautman comes on Mon-
about 1810.— Chry Sander, Handel, ii. 179 ;
day." According to Dr. Edwanl F. Rim-
Burney, iv. 330, 400 Gervinus, Gesilnge ; bault, the earliest printed version occurs in
aus Handel's Opern und Oratorien, vii. John Playford's " Division Violin, contain-
155. ing a choice collection of Divisions to a
SIROTTI, FRANCESCO, born at Reggio, (Jround for ihe Treble violin. Bting the
Italy,middle of the 18th century, died (?). first ]\Iusick of the kind ever published"
Dramatic and church composer, was cham- (Loudon, 1685). It is also in Playford'a
ber virtuoso to the Duchess of Modena, and "Dancing-Master" (1695). The tuno is
886
;
SITT
known in Virginia as "My Aunt Margery," sels in 1841, and in 1843 in Paris, where
and the dance, which an old-fashioned he played at the Conservatoire concerts,
is
contredause, as the " Virginia Keel." and received a grande modaille d'houneur.
— Chapiêll, Music of the Olden Time, ii. His rare talent for chamber music was then
534 Grove, iii. 519 Notes and Queries, felt, he jilaying the music of Haydn, Mo-
; ;
First Seiies, i. 118, 368 v. 467

; vi. 37
; zart, and Beethoven at all his concerts.
;
Thii-d Series, ii. 286, 358, 495 iii. 54.

; He went to England again, and in 1846
SITT, ILINS (Hanu§), born in Prague, to the United States, Mexico, and various
Sept. 21, 1850, stiU living, 1890. Violinist, parts of South America; after an absence of
pupil of Bennewitz, Mildner, Kittl, and eight years he returned to Genoa, and in an
Ki-ej6i at the Couservatorium in Prague unfortunate business investment lost all his
;
became Conzertmeister at Breslau in 1867, accumulated savings, and had to begin a

was Kapellmeister at the theatres in Breslau new course of concerts in the principal cities
and Prague in 1870-73, at Chemnitz in of Europe. He visited England the third
1873-80, then conductor of a private or- time in 1853, playing also in Ireland and in
chestra at Nice until its dissolution, w^hen Scotland, and went to Switzerland, Ger-
he established popular concerts at Leipsic. many, Holland, Portugal, etc. He was in
In 1883 he became instructor at the Cou- Paris in 1862, and played at a concert
servatorium, member of Brodsky's quartet, given by Count Walewski for a public
and in 1885 succeeded von Herzogenberg as benefit, where he had to play immediately
conductor of the Bachvereiii. Works Two after Alard, then a popular favourite, and
:
concertos for violin ; Pianoforte pieces awakened the greatest enthusiasm by his
;
—
Songs. Eiemann. rendering of Paganini's concerto in B-flat.
SR'ORI, ERNESTO CAmLLO, born in Order of SS. Maurice et Lazaro, Italy,
Genoa, Oct. 25, 1815, 1855 Order of Charles IH. of Spain,
;
still living, 1890. Vir- 1856 Chevalier of the Order of Christ,

;
tuoso on the violin, Portugal, 1856. "Works Two concertos :
first instructed at the for violin and orchestra ; Fantaisie-caprice,

age of five by a mu- for do. (or pianoforte) ; Neapolitan taran-
sician named Res- tella for do.; de Naples, grande
Fleurs
tano, then pupil of fantaisie, for do. duos concertants for
; 2
Costa, an artist of the pianoforte and violin 3 romances sans
;
classical andschool, paroles, for do. Les folies espagnoles

;
of Paganini, who had Carnaval de Cuba Carnaval de Chili

;
heard him on his re- Camaval americain Souvenir de Norma,

;
turn to Genoa, and who comjôsed for him with quartet Duet for violin and double-
;
a concertino and six sonatas with viola, bass (with Bottesini) Fantasias, varia- ;
violoncello, and guitar. Sivori took Pa- tions on operatic themes, etc. Fetis La- — ;
ganini's style as his guide, and excelled in rousse Hart, The Violin, 271,
;
rendering that great virtuoso's compositions. SKROUP (Skraup), FR.INTIÊK, born

In 1827 he went to Paris, played at several at Vosic, near Pardubitz, Bohemia, June 7,
concerts, and astonished his hearers by his 1801, died in Rotterdam, Feb. 6, 1862.
skill with his left hand. He was also in Dramatic composer, pupil of Rollert at
England near this time, and on his return to Kuuiggi'iltz, then studied law in Prague,
Genoa began a serious course of training but also pianoforte and singing, and took up
and studied composition under Serra. In music as a profession, when oflfered, in 1827,
1839 he began a concert tour through It- the position of second Kapellmeister at the
aly, Germany, and Russia, was in Brus- Standisches Theater. He was appointed
3SG
; ;
;
8KR0UP
firstKapellmeister in 1837, conducted the hemia (Prague, 1861), No. 296; Slovnik
music for the Jewish service in Prague in naucny (ib., 1859), ix. 62 Wurzbach. ;
1835 -4G, was director of the Sophieu Aka- SKUHEKSKt, FBANTISEK ZDENKO,
demie in 1858-GO, and went to llotterdam born at Opoczuo, Bohemia, July 31, 1830,
in 1860, as kaijelmeester of the German 1890.
still living, Organist and dramatic
opera. He was Czech
the first to write composer, pupil of Pietsch and Kittl at the
operas, and many of his melodies have organists' school in Prague, where he studied
become national songs. As a conductor he medicine ; sent to Vienna in 1850 to finish
stood in the foremost rank, and it was he them uj) against his medical studies, he gave
who introduced to the public of Prague, and accepted a position his father's wish,
Wagner's Tannhiiuser, Lohengrin, and as musical instructor in Count Hardesrer's
Der fliegende Hollander. Works Operas family. After his father had become recon- — :
Dratenik (The Wire-drawer), Prague, 1826 ciled to this step, he returned to Prague, ;
Oldfich a Boêna (Ulric and Beatrice), ib., and in 1854 was called to luuspruck to con-
1828 Der Prinz und die Schlange, fairy duct the Musikverein until 1866, when he
;
opera, ib., 1829 FidlovaSka (The Shoe- succeeded Ivi-ej6i as director of the organ-
;
makers' Festival), ib., 1834 Libusin snatek ists' school in Prague. In 1868 he became
;
(Libussa's Wedding), ib., 1835 Die Geister- also choir director at St. Castulus, and soon
;
braut, ib., 1836; Drahomira, ib., 1848; after director of the court chapel. Works
Der Meergeuse, ib., 1851 Columbus. Mu- Operas Samo (1854), not given Der
; — :
'
sic to several dramas 2 masses offer- Liebesring,

; lunspruck, 1861 Vladimir,
; ;
tories, and graduals Overtures Fest- Lora, ib., 1861-66

; Der Rekrut, Prague,
; ;
Marsch 4 quartets for strings 3 trios for 1866 Tod des Konigs Wenzel Jaroslav
; ; ; ;
pianoforte and strings German and Czech von Sternberg.

; 20 masses Symphonies ; ;
songs.—Bohemia (Prague, 1857), No. 288 Overtures Songs. He jûblished also Mu- ;
(1862), No. 34; Dalibor (Prague, 1862), sikalische Formenlehre (1879) Komposi- ;
Nos. 6-8 Mendel ; Wurzbach. ; tionslehre (1881) Die Orgel und ihre ;
SKROUP (Skraup), JAN NEPOMUK, Struktur (1882) ; Theoretisch-praktischo

born at Vosic, Sept. 15, 1811, died in Orgelschule (1882) Harmonielehre (1885). ;
Prague, Nov. 18, 1865. Dramatic and —

Svetozor (Prague, 1869), 119 Wurz- ;
church composer, brother of FrantiSek, be- bach ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 439

Riemann. ;
came in 1836 chorus master at the Stiind- SLAVISCHE TANZE (Slavic Dances) for
isches Theater, and in 1840-46 was second full orchestra by Antouin Dvoi-ak, op. 46,
Kapellmeister. He then conducted the and op. 72. I. op. 46. i. Presto ii. Alle- ;
Czech opera in StOger's new theatre, was gretto grazioso ; iii. Allegretto schcrzando
also music director at the Sophicn-Akade- iv. Tempo di menuetto v. Allegro vivace ;
mie in 1844-49, regcns chori at the Kreuz- vi. Poco allegro vii. Allegro assai viii.
; ;
herren-Kircho in 1838-45, and became Presto. n. op. 72. i. Molto vivace ; ii.
Kapellmeister at the cathedral in 1845, and Allegretto grazioso; iii. Allegro; iv. Alle-
professor of singing at the theological sem- gretto grazioso ; v. Poco adagio ; vi. !Mo-
inary in 1846. Works Operas La fiancee — : derato quasi menuetto ; vii. ^Vllogro vivace ;
du gnome, 1836 Svedove v PraXe (The

;
viii. Grazioso e lento, ma non trojipo, qua.si
Swedes in Prague), 1867 Vineta, 1870. ;

tempo di valse. Full score published by
Gradualia a offertoria, etc. Manuale pro ;
Simrock (Berlin) pianoforte arrangement;
sacris functionibus, etc. Missa pro i)opulo ; ;

for two hands by Robert Keller (ib.).
Musica sacra pro populo Hymn in honour ;
SLAWlK (Slawjk, Slavic), JOSEF, born
ofPope Pius IX. Borate Fest-Ouvertiire
; ; ;
at Jinec, near Pribram, Bohemia, IÎarch
Menuct German and Czech songs.
; Bo- — 26, 1806, died in Pestli, Mixy 30, 1S33.
387
;
SLAWlK
Virtuoso on the violin, pupil of his father, don, 1851).— Athenieum (1850), 1225;
then of Pisis at the Conservatorium in (1851), 25.
Prague went in 1825 to Vienna, where
;
SLEEPERS, WAKE! A IS VOICE
he gave his first concert the year follow- CALLING. See Wachet auf! ruft uns die
ing, with signal success. On Paganini's Stimme.
arrival in Vienna in 1828, he took him for SLEEPING BEAUTY, THE, cantata,
his model, and followed him to Paris. In text by Francis Hueffer, music by Frederic
1829 he entered the orchestra of the im- Hymen Cowen, first performed at the Bir-
perial opera in Vienna, and was suddenly mingham (England) Festival, Aug. 25,
cut off by an acute typhoid fever in 1833, 1885. The story is that of the old German
when on the point of undertaking a concert fairy legend, " Dornroschen." Characters
tour through Hungary. Works: Four con- represented The Princess (the Sleeping :
certos for Double concerto for 2 Beauty) (S.), Mrs. Hutchinson the Prince
violin ; ;
violins Potpourri, with quartet

; Phan- (T.), Mr. Lloyd the Wicked Fay (A.), Mme
; ;
tasie, do. Impromptu Variations Rondo Trebelli and the King (B.), ]\Ir. F. King.
; ; ; ;
—
Quartet for strings. Allgem. Theat. Zeitg. The music is dainty and the Leitmotiv is
(Vienna, 1833), No. IGO Hanslick, Con- frequently employed.
; The cantata was first
certwesen, 241 Wurzbach. ; given in London at the Crystal Palace, Dec.
SLAWIK, RUDOLF, born at Horovic, 19, 1885 in Paris, as " La belle au bois ;
Bohemia, April 29, 1823, still living (?), dormant," translation by Miss Augusta
1890. Violinist, brother of the preceding, Holmes, and first in America by the Boyls-
followed the same course of instruction ton Club, Boston, March 3, 1886.— Athe- ;
entered the theatre orchestra in Prague in nfcum (1885), ii. 280, 850 Upton, Standard ;
1839, then gave concerts in several cities of Cantatas, 129.

Bohemia and Hungary, and became orches- SLOMAN, ROBERT, born at Gloucester,
tra leader at Pesth. In 1811 he went to England, contemjiorary. Organist, pupil of
Russia, was at first instructor in a noble- Arnott, Wesley, and C. Lucas private or- ;
man's family, then in Moscow first violinist ganist to the Earl of Powis, 1852 ; organist,
in the theatre orchestra, and afterwards successively, of Parish Church, Welshpool,
Vize-Kapellmeister there ; at the same time Scarborough (1869), West Dul-
St. Martin's,
he became organist and choir-master at SS. wich,London (1871). Mus. Bac, Oxford,
Peter and Paul's. Works Des Heilands : 1861 Mus. Doc, ib.,
; 1867. Works Sup- :
erste Stunde, cantata Symphony 2 over- ; ; plication and Praise, sacred cantata An- ;
tures Music to the drama Johann Palm,

; thems Part-songs and songs Pianoforte
; ;
and to the ballet Maler und Modistin ; music.

Mass Quartets for strings Fantasias for
; ; SLOPER, FREDERICK (E. H. ? ) LIND-
violin Czech, Polish, French, and German
; SAY, born in London, June 11, 1826, died
Bongs. — Slovnik naucny (Prague, 1872), July 3, 1887. Pianist, pupil of Moscheles,
viii. 52G ; Wurzbach. at Frankfort of A. Schmitt, at Heidelberg
SLEEPER AWAKENED, THE, sere- of Vollweiler, and in Paris of Rousselot.
nata, text by John Oxenford, music by Works : Czartoryska, 3 mazurkas for piano-
George Alexander Macfarren, first per- forte ; Henriette, valse, do.; Serenade and
formed at a National Concert, Her Maj- canzonetta, do.; Studies, transcriijtions, etc.,
esty's Theatre,London, in November, 1850. for do.; Sonata for pianoforte and violin ;
The story is from the Arabian Nights. Mile Songs.

Angri, Mr. Sims Reeves, and Mr. Bodda SMART, Sir GEORGE (THOMAS), born
sang in the original cast. The score was in London, May 10, 1776, died there, Feb.
published by Cramer, Beale & Co. (Lon- 23, 1867. Organist, pupil of Dupuis, and
388
: ;
;
SMART
in composition of Arnold. The son of a
ist, 1778-1823, brother of George Thomas),
double-bass player lie had and pupil of W. H. Kearns, but was chiefly
received his
early musical education as chorister of the self-taught. He was
Chapel Royal under Dr. Ayrton. In 1791 organist of the parish
he was appointed organist of St. James's church of Black-
Chapel, Hampstead Road, violinist at Salo- bourne, Lancashire,
mon's Concerts, and commenced practice as in 1831-3G, and while
a teacher of the harpsichord and singing. there, comjjosed his
He soon showed an aptitude for conducting first important work,
musical performances, and was knighted in an anthem for the
Dublin in 1811, after having successfully con- tercentenary of the
ducted a series of concerts. Chosen one of Reformation in 1835.
the original members of the Philharmonic He became organist
Society in 1813, he conducted most of its con- at St. Philip's Church, London, in 183G, of
certs between that date and 1811 conducted St. Luke's, Old Street, in 1844, of St Pan-
;
the Lenten oratorios from 1813 to 1825, and eras in 18G4. He became blind in 18G4, and
the City Concerts established in 1818 by had to dictate his compositions. As a com-
Baron Heath. In 1822 he was appointed poser of part-songs he was particularly suc-
one of the organists cessful. He was an accomplished mechanic,
of the Chapel Royal and as a designer of organs was often em-
in the place of Kny- ployed those at Leeds and Glasgow may
;
vett, and went in 1824 be named as specimens of his powers in this

to Germany with line. He edited Handel's Italian duets, and
Charles Kemble, to two trios for the Handel Society. Works :
engage Weber to Bertha, or the Gnome of Hartzberg, opera,

compose an opera London, 18G4 Undine, do. (unfinished)
;
for Coveut Garden. Surrender of Calais, do. Cantatas The :
In 18 3 G he intro- Bride of Dunkerrou, Birmingham Festival,

duced ]\I e nde1s -
18G4 King Rene's Daughter, The Fisher-
;
sohn's St. Paul to England, at the Liver- maidens, both for female voices, 1871 Jacob, ;
pool Festival. He was

appointed one of sacred cantata, Glasgow Choral Union, 1873
the composers to the Chapel Royal on the Morning and Evening Services Anthems ; ;
death of Attwood in 1838. He conducted Part-songs, and songs Organ pieces, many;
all the principal provincial festivals of his published in the Organist's Quarterly Jour-
time, and the music at the coronations nal. His last composition, just before his
of William IV. and of Victoria. He edited death, was a Postlude in E-flat for the
Orlando Gibbons's Madrigals for the Musi- organ. — Grove ; Barrett, English Churcli
cal Antiquarian Society, and the Dettingen Composers, 172 ; F6tis, Sui^plcment, ii.
Te Deum for the Handel Society. Weber 525.

died at his house in London. Works SMETANA, BEDtoH (Friedrich), born
Collection of anthems do. of glees and
; at Leitomischl, Bohemia, INIarch 2, 1824,
canons (18G3) Two of his glees. The Squir-
; died in Prague, May 12, 1SS4. Virtuoso
rel, and The Butterfly's Ball, were very on the pianoforte, and dramatic composer,
popular. —
Grove Fetis, Supplement, ii.
; pupil of Ikavec at Neuhaus, and of Prokscli
524; Mendel, Ergiiuz., 439; Rieniann. in Prague opened a music school in Prague ;
SMART, HENRY, born in London, Oct. in 1848 married the pianist Katcrina Ko- ;
26, 1813, died tliere, July G, 1879. Organ- lar, and in 185G became director of the Phil-
ist, son and pupil of Henry Smart (violin- harmonic Society iu Gotlionburg, Sweden.
;
SMITH
He made Germany and tung, cantata for men's voices with orchestra,
a concert tour in
Sweden 1861 was appointed Kapell- Lombard Musical Association, 1883 King-
in ; ;
meister of the National-Theater in Prague sley's The Red King, 1884 Quartet, in B-flat, ;
in 18GG, retaining the position until 1874, for pianoforte, violin, viola, and violoncello,
when his loss of hearing obliged him to 1861 ; Trio, for pianoforte, violin, and violon-
resign. Besides being a thoroughly national cello, 1862 Quartet, in B-flat, for strings, ;
Czech composer, and as such occupying 1862 Symphony, in C minor, 1863 Quar- ; ;
a prominent position, he was also an enthu- tet, in D, for pianoforte, violin, viola, and vio-
siastic adherent of the Berlioz-Liszt- Wagner loncello, 1864 Overture, Endymion, 1864, ;
school. —
Works Bohemian Operas Bran- rewritten. Crystal Palace Concerts, 1871 ;:
iboH V 6ech;ich (The Brandenburgers in Introduction, L' Allegro, for pianoforte and
Bohemia), Prague, Jan. 5, 18G5 Prodand ; orchestra, 1865 ; Riidesheim, or Gisela,
nev^sta (Married for Money), ib.. May 30, cantata for and chorus, with small
soli
18G6; Dalibor, ib.. May IG, 18G8 Dv^ ; orchestra, 1865 Overture, Lalla Rookh,
;
vdovy (Two Widows), ib., March 28, 1874 ;

1865 Quartet, for strings, 1870 Concerto,
; ;
Hubifika (The Kiss), ib., autumn, 187G for clarinet and orchestra, Norwich Festi-
Tajemstvi (The Secret), ib., 1878 Libussa, ; val, 1872 Overture to Longfellow's Masque
;
ib., June 11, 1881 The Devil's Wall, ib., ; of Pandora, 1878 ; Overture to Jason, or
Oct. 15, 1882. Sym- the Argonauts and Sirens, 1879 2 inter-
Lustspiel-Ouvertiire ; ;
phonic poems AVallensteiu's Lager Eich- mezzi from the Masque of Pandora, 1879
; ; ;
ard in. Hakon Jarl Vlast (My Country), Songs Duets Part-songs Pianoforte mu-
; ; ; ; ;
in six movements Carnival of Prague; A sic. ;
Festival March for the 300th Shakespeare SmTH, JOHN CHRISTOPHER (orig-
jubilee 2 string quartets
; Trio for piano- inally Johann Christoph Schmidt), born
;
forte and strings Choruses National Bo- at Anspach in 1712, died at Bath, Eng-
; ;
hemian dances, and many other pieces for land, Oct. 3, 1795. Organist and dramatic
pianoforte. — Dalibor (Prague, 1863), No. composer, pupil of Pepusch, Rozingrave,
24 Wurzbach
; ; Kiemann ; Fetis, Supple- and Handel, whose amanuensis he became
ment, ii. 525. when that master lost his eyesight. His
SmTH, ALICE MARY (Mrs. Meadows father, a school-day friend of Handel's, had
White), born in London, gone to England with the latter, and there
May 19, 1839, died acted as his treasurer. Young Smith trav-
there, Dec. 4, 1884. elled on the continent, from 1745 to 1748,
Dramatic composer, pu- and was appointed organist of the Found-
pil of Sir W. Sterndale ling Hospital chapel in 1750. All of Handel's
Bennett and
Sir latest compositions were dictated to him
of ;
George M
a c far ren he played the organ at his oratorio perfor-
;
elected associate of the mances, and continued these after the mas-
Philharmonic Soci e t y, ter's death, until 1774, when he retired to
1867. Married to Fred- Bath. Handel bequeathed to him all his
erick Meadows White, original MS. scores, his harpsichord, his
Q. C, Jan. 2, 1867. Works: Ode to the bust by Roubiliac, and his portrait by Den-
North-East Wind, cantata for chorus and ner, all of which he in turn presented to
orchestra. Musical Artists' Society, 1878, George HI. Works Operas Teraminta, — :
Hackney Choral Association, 1880 Col- London, 1732 Ulysses, 1733 Rosalinda, ; ; ;
lins's Ode to the Passions, cantata for soli, 1739 Dario, 1746 Issipile, 1746 The ; ; ;
chorus, and orchestra, Hereford Festival, Fairies, 1754 The Tempest, 1756 Medea ; ;
;
1882 Kingsley's Song of the Little Bal- II Ciro riconosciuto The Enchanter, 1760.
; ;
890
;
SMITH
Oratorios : The Lamentation of David, or Five collections of glees, containing all his
The Death of Saul and Jonathan, 1738 prize glees Collection of songs of various
; ;
Paradise Rebecca
Lost, 1758
Judith ; ; ;
kinds (London, 1785) Twelve chants com-
;
Jehosaphat The Redemption; The Sea- ; posed for the use of the choirs of the
sons Nabal (compiled from Handel), 17G4
; Church of England ; Anthems composed
Gideon (do.), 17G9 Daphne, jâstoral ; for the choir service of the Church of Entr-
Thamesis, cantata Isis and Proteus, do. ; land (1793). Fourteen glees, 14 catches, 4
— Fetis Gerber; Grove IMendel Rie-
; ; ; canons, 2 rounds, an ode, a madrigal, and a
mann ; Schilling. motet by him are given in Warren's collec-
SmTH, JOHN STAFFORD, born at tions. —Grove Barrett, Church Composers,
;
Gloucester, Eng- 147 Harmonicon (1833), 186 Ritter, Mu-

; ;
land, in 1750, died sic in England, 16.

in London, Sept. SMITH, MONTAGUE, born in Norwich,
20, 1836. Organ- England, July, 1843, still living, 1890. Or-
ist and vocal com- ganist of Glasgow University, and of St. Silas
poser, best known Episcopal church. Professor of harmony,
for his glees ;
pu- Queen Margaret College, Glasgow ; conduc-
pil of his father, Works
tor of University Choral Society. :
Martin Smith, who The Killabag Shootings, opera Blessed is ;
was organist of the Man, cantata By the Waters of Baby-

;
Gloucester Cathe- lon, do. Concert overture, Gloucester Fes-

;
dral from 174 3 tival, 1877 Songs, part-songs Insti-umeu-

; ;
to 1782 subse- ; tal music.

quently pupil of Dr. Boyce in London. He SmTH, ROBERT ARCHIBALD, born
was chorister of the Chapel Royal under at Reading, England, Nov. 16, 1780, died in
Dr. Nares appointed gentleman of the Edinburgh, Jan. 3, 1829. Vocal composer,
;
Chapel Royal, Dec. 16, 1784. After acting one of the best of his time in Scotland. Ho
many years as deputy, he became lay vicar was the son of a Paisley silk weaver, and
of Westminster Abbey in 1785, installed, early showed great aptitude for music at ;
1786, was aj)pointed one of the organists of ten he could play the violin, and in 1807
the Chapel Royal, to succeed Dr. Arnold, was appointed leader of the psalmody of
in 1802, and was master of the children in the Abbey Church, Paisley. While there,
1805-17. He won many prizes from the he made the acquaintance of Robert Tanna-
Catch Club, for his glees, 1773-80. He hill, the poet, and set to music many of
rendered great assistance to Sir John Haw- his fine lyrics, of which Jessie, the Flow'r
kins in the production of his History, not o' Dunblane (1808), at once became popu-
only by reducing ancient compositions to lar. He published the Scotti.sh Minstrel
modern notation, but by the loan of valua- (6 vols., 1820-24), which contained several
ble early MSS. from his extensive and curi- hundred of the best Scottish songs, not a
ous library, which unfortunately was dis- few of them his own. In 1823 he obtained
persed after his death. He had used many the leadership of the psalmody at St,
of these valuable MSS. for his collection of George's Church, Edinburgh, and pul)-
English Songs in Score, for three and four lished the Lish Minstrel, followed in 1826
voices, composed about the year 1500, taken by an Introduction to Singing and in 1827 ;
from MSS. of the same age (London, 1779). by Select Melodies of all Nations. Ho
In 1812 he produced his interesting work, brought out Sacred Harmony of the Church
Musica Antiqua. He is also remembered of Scotland in 1828. Works Anthems :
as the instructor of John Goss. Works and other pieces, mostly written for the
:
391
SMITH
boys of George Heriot's Hospital Songs, SNEGORUTCHKA (Snowdrop), inci-
;
and duets. Grove. — dental music to the drama of, by Tschai-

S31ITH, SYDNEY, born at Dorchester, kowski. Same title, Russian opera in three
England, July li, acts, text by Ostrovsky, music by Nico-
1839, died March 3, lai Andreyevich Rimsky - Korsakoff, St.
1889. Pianist, pu- Petersburg, March, 1882 and Schneewitt- ;
pil of his parents, chen, cantata for female chorus and soli
and in Leipsic on with pianoforte, by Karl Reinecke, about
the pianoforte of 1875.
Moscheles and Plai- SNEL. JOSEPH FRANgOIS, born in
dy, on the violoncello Brussels, July 30, 1793, died at Rockelberg,
of Griitzmacher, in near Brussels, March 10, 18G1. Violinist,
harmony and coun- was first a chorister at the Church of Saint-
terpoint of Haupt- Nicolas, Brussels, where he gave early evi-
mann, Eichter, and dence of musical talent then pupil of Van ;
Papperitz, and in composition of Eietz. der Plancken, and later at the Paris Con-
In 1858 he returned to England, and in the servatoire (1811-13) of Baillot, and in
following year settled in London. Works harmony of Dourlen. While in Paris he
:
La harpe eolienne Le jet d'eau ;The was first violinist at the Vaudeville. He re-
;
Spinning Wheel Tarantellas, and many turned to Brussels in 1813, and subse-
;
other morceaux de salon, for pianoforte quently was solo violinist at the Grand
;
Many arrangements from popular operas. Theatre, and often played at concerts as a
— Grove Fetis, Supplement, ii. 526.
; virtuoso. In 1818 he founded with Mees
SMITH, WILSON GEOKGE, born at a school known as I'Academie de Musique
Elyria, Ohio, Aug. et de Chant was professor of violin at the
;
19^ 1855, still liv- Athcnee, and first violin to Guillaume lier.
ing, 1890. Pian- He was made director of the School of In-
ist, pupil in Cin- struction for martial music after having
cinnati of Otto composed an elementary work for the use
Singer went in
; of the army bands (1828) received the title ;
1880toBerhnand of Insjêctor General of the music schools

studied j) i a u o- army music in 1829, became chef d'or-
for
forte with Xaver chesti'e at the Grand Theatre in 1830, con-
Scharweuka, Os- ductor of the Societo do la Grande Har-
car Raif, and Mo- monic in 1831, maitre de chapelle at the
ri tz Moszkowski, church of SS. Michel et Gudulo in 1835,
and theory and and chef de musique of the Civic Guard in
composition with Ferdinand Kiel, Phihpp 1837. Orders of Leopold and of the Oaken
Scharweuka, and Franz Neumann. On his Crown Member of the Royal Academy of ;
return to America, in 1882, he settled as Brussels, and in 1847, member of its jury
teacher and composer in Cleveland, where for the grand concours. As a teacher he
he has since resided. Works Serenade in formed many noted i)upils, among others
:
B-flat, op. 15 Homage u Grieg, op. 18 Joseph Ai'tut and Theodore Haumann.
;
;
Swedish Dance, Gavotte and Ma-

op. 23 ; Works — Ballets : Frisac, ou la double noce,
zurka, op. 25 Pensee d'amour, op. 27
;
;
Brussels, 1825 ; Le page inconstant, ib.,
Humoresque, op. 28 Second Gavotte and ; 1825 ; Le cinq juillet (with Hanssens, the
Scherzo tarantelle, op. 34, and other piano- younger), ib., 1825 ; Pourceaugnac, ib.,
forte music ; Songs, etc. 1826 ; Lea enchantements de Polichinelle,
:;
SOBOLEWSKI
ib., 1829Les barricades, ib,, 1830. Music
; Academy of Music. He is one of the most
for severalmelodramas Duos for violin and ; original Swedish composei-s, and although
pianoforte Violin concerto composed for
; a Protestant, his principal work is a solemn
Joseph Ai-tot Grandes marches funubres a
; mass for soh, chorus, and orchestra. Works
27 parties for military band Caprice and ; — Operettas: Hinondes fursta Lurspan
variations for do.; Many fantaisies and pot- (The Devil's first Rudiments of Learning),
pourris on popular operas for do.; Sym- Stockholm, 1856 BrOllopet pa Ulfasa (The;
phonic concertante for orchestra ; Concer- Wedding at Ulfasa) Regina von Emmor- ;
tino for clarinet and orchestra 2 concertos,

Jungfrau von Or-
; itz. Music to Schiller's
for do. ; Fantaisie, for do. Grand
Concert overture Circassian dance
; cantata leans ; ;
for solos, choruses, and orchestra, for the Sacred songs with organ Terzets for male ;
opening of the Societe de la Grande Har- voices Songs to the poetry of Bellman, ;
monic (Brussels, 1842), etc. Nearly all of etc.— Grove Fctis, Supplement, ii. 527 ;
;
his church music is in MS. Among the Riemann Mendel. ;
published pieces are Tantum ergo and SODI (Sody), CiRLO, born in Rome in
:
Genitori for 4 voices, violoncellos, double- 1715, died in Paris, September, 1788. Vir-
bass, etc., and organ a Requiem mass in tuoso on the mandolin, went to Paris in
;
plain-chaunt, 4 voices, organ, and double- 1749, and entered the orchestra of the Co-
bass (Brussels). — Fctis ; Hart, The Violin, medie Italienne, where he appeared also in
319 ; Eiemann ; Mendel. plays as a mandolinist. He was several
SOBOLEWSKI (Sobolewsky), EDUARD, pensioned in 1765, became blind, and died
born at Konigsberg, Oct. 1, 1808, died in in poverty. Works Baiocco e Serpilla, a :
St. Louis, Missouri, May 23, 1872. Dra- parody, Paris, 1755 Le charlatan, opcra- ;
matic composer, pupil of Weber in Dres- comique Les troqueurs, comedy Cocagne, ; ;
den, became Kapellmeister of the theatre divertissement, 1760. His younger brother
in his native city, but resigned in 1836, to Pietro, a harpist, went to Paris in 1743, and
devote himself entirely to a singing society entered the opera orchestra. He died in
founded by him. In 1847 he resumed his 1764.—Fetis.
former position, occupied a similar one in SOFFI, PASQUALE, born at Lucca in
Bremen in 1854-58, and went to St. Louis 1732, died there in 1810. Church com-
in 1859, where he conducted the Philhar- poser and organist, in which capacity ho
monic Society. Works
Imogen, — Operas : formed many pupils at the scminaiy of
K.migsberg, 1833 1836 Sal-
; Velleda, ib., ; San Giovanni. His compositions for Holy
vator Rosa, ib., 1848 Comala, Weimar. ; Week are performed in his native city to this
Johannes der Tiiufer, oratorio, KOnigsberg, day. Works: San Tommaso, oratorio; 21
1845 Der Erloser, do., ib. Himmel und
; ; masses with full orchestra (1761-1807) ;
Erde, a mystery, Leipsic, 1845 Siid und ; Masses, vespers, motets, etc., for 3-4 voices,
Nord, symphony, ib., 1845 Another sym- ; for Holy Week. — Fctis, Supplement, ii.
phony Cantatas with orchestra Hymns

; ; ;
528 ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 440.
Choruses for male voices. Fetis Mendel. — ; SOFFRIVA NEL PIANTO. See Lucia
SODERMAN, AUGUST JOHAN, born at di Lammermoor.
Stockholm, July 17, 1832, died there, Feb. SOFONISBE, by Sil-
Italian opera, text
10, 1876. Instrumental and vocal com- vani, after music by Leo, first
Corneille,
pose!', pupil of Richter and Hauptmann at represented at tlie Toatro San Bartolonico,
the Conservatorium, Leipsic, in 1857-58 ;
Naples, in 171!). Other Italian operas
was appointed chorus master at the Stora- Sofonisba, by Caldara, text by Silvani, after
Theater, Stockholm, in 1860, and Kapell- Corneille, Venice, 1708 by Predieri, about ;
miistare in 18G2. Member of the Swedish 1725 by Jommelli, text by Zauctti, Rome,
;
393
;
SOFTLY
17-42 ; by Baldassare Galupj-)!, Lucca, 174-4 ;
nymus, the newly elected Archbishop of
by Tommaso Traetta, text by Verazi, Par- Salzburg, and was probably represented in
ma, 1761 by Matteo Veuto, Naples, 1762
; ;
May, 1772. The text is taken from Cicero's
by Buvoni, text by Zauetti, Venice, 17G4 ;
" Somnium Scipionis," and Metastasio has
by Theresia cV Agnesi, same text, Naples, also used the myth of Silius Italicus, who
1771 by Paur, same text, Bologna, 179G
; ;
in his " Punica " makes Virtus and Volup-
Dresden, 1808 by Marcos Portugal, text
; tas appear to Scijîo, that he may choose be-
by Compagno, Lisbon, 1803 by Federiei, ; tween vice and virtue. Metastasio changes
text by Zanetti, Turin, 1805 by Luigi Pe-
;
the names to Costanza and Fortuna in his
trali, text by Marcello, Milan, Feb. 6, 1844 ;
allegorical poem, which was first given with
Sophonisbe, in German, by Georg Gebel, text music by Luca Antonio Predieri, Vienna,
by Kleist, Rudolstadt, 1753 Melodrama, ; on the birthday of Charles VI., who had
by Christian Gottlieb Neefe, Leipsic, 1782 ;
just suffered defeat in Italy. Scipio, asleep
Sophonisbe, in French, by Manuel Garcia, in the palace of Masiuissa, has a vision of
text by Jouy, about 1820, not given. Bit- — Costanza and Fortuna, who require him to
ter, Reform der Oper durch Gluck, 177. choose which of the two shall be his guide
SOFTLY SWEET IN LYDIAN MEAS- through life. He begs time for considera-
UHE, soj^rauo aria in D major, with accom- tion, and his ancestors then appear. Scipio
paniment of violoncello solo and bass, in Africanus tells him of the immortality of
Handel's Alexander's Feast, Part L. No. 8. the soul, but refuses to aid him in the de-
Published also separately, with the accom- cision, and Emilius Paulus, his fathei*, warns
paniment filled out by Otto Dresel (Leipsic, him of the vanity of earthly things. Scipio
& Hiirtel).
Breitkopf wishes to join his ancestors, but they tell
SOGNER, PASQUALE, born Naples him that he is destined to save Rome and
at
in 1793, died at Nola in 1839. Pianist, son to win through his great deeds the reward
and pupil of Tommaso Sogner (many years of immortality. Scipio resolves to follow
settled at Leghorn as maestro di cappella Costanza, and as the threatening Fortuna
of a chui'ch, and pi'ofessor of singing) be- ; disappears a storm arises.
Scipio awakes,
came accompanist at the court theatre in but declares that he will abide by Costanza.
Leghoni at the age of nineteen, and in 1813 The music of this opera is less spontaneous
returned to Naples. He possessed much than in any other of Mozart's compositions,
original talent, but dissolute habits de- and shows plainly that it was written to or-
stroyed his faculties to such a degree as der. The overture (KOchel, Verzeichniss,
to make him lose, in later years, even the No. IGl) has been arranged for iudejjendent
consciousness of his musical talent. Works performance. The autograph score, orig-
— Operas Amore per finzione
: Due con- inally owned by Andre, has been published
;
sigli di guerra in un gioruo Quattro pri- by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Wêrke, Serie
;
gionieri ed uu ciarlatano Guerino agli v., No. 7.

; Other operas on Metastasio's
albeii del sole Margherita di Fiandi'a text. Christian Nichelmann, Berlin, March
;
Generositu e vendetta, Naples, 1824: La 27, 1746 and by Lucas Xavier dos Santos,
; ;
cena alle montagne russe, ib., 1832. Con- Lisbon, 1768. Kochel, Verzeichniss, No. —
certo for pianoforte and orchestra 3 duos 126 Andre, do., 34 Jahn, Mozart, i. 227,
; ; ;
for jjianoforte and violoncello Sonatas for 314 do. (Townsend), i. 139, 190.
; ;
pianoforte. —
Fetis Mendel. ; SO IHR VON GANZEM HER- mCH
SOGNO DI SCIPIONE, IL (Scipio's ZEN, tenor aria of Obadja, in E-flat major,
Dream), Italian operetta in one act, text in Mendelssohn's Elias, Part I., No. 4.
by Metastasio, music by Mozart, composed SOIR, LE (Evening), symphony in G,
in 1772 for the festival in honour of Hiero- by Haydn, supposed to have been writ-
894
;;
SOIPwEES
ten in 1767. It belongs to the group of SO 1ST MEIN JESUS NUN GEFANG-
symphonies inckiding Le Matin and Le EN, duet in E minor, with chorus, in Jo-
Midi. It was numbered in Haydn's cata- hann Sebastian Bach's Passion nach Mat-
logue as No. 3. I. Allegro molto II. An- thilus, Part I., No. 33. The solo voices are
;
dante ni. Menuet; IV. Finale, presto. the soprano and alto of Coro I., accom-
;
— Pohl, Haydn, i. 28S. panied by two flutes, two oboes, and vio-
soie:ees a saint petersbourg, g lins and violas in unison these iu"e inter- ;
pieces for pianoforte solo, in three books, rupted by short exclamatioDS from Coro
by Anton Rubinstein, op. 44 I. Romanze II., accompanied by two flute.s, two oboes,
II. Scherzo HI. Preghiera IV. Impi-omp- strings complete, organ, and contiuuo. This
; ;
tu V. Nocturne VI. Appassionato. Pub- duct leads immediately to the chorus, Sind
; ;
lished by Kahnt (Leipsic, 18G0). Neue Blitze, sind Donner. —

Zeitschr. (1860), i. 101. SOJIviV, :MATfo, born at Viliraov, near
SOIREES DE VIENNE (Evenings in Czaslau, Bohemia, Feb. 12, 1740, died there,
Vienna), valses-caprices for the pianoforte March 13, 1817. Organist and church com-
for two hands, by Liszt. This is an ar- poser, pupil of Bach in Leipsic, and of Josef
rangement of Schubert's original waltzes I. Seger in Prague he soon acquired reputa- . ;
Allegretto malinconico II. Poco allegro tion as one of the greatest virtuosi on his
; ;
HI. Allegro vivace IV. Andantino a ca- instrument, and received many oflfers of
;
priccio, Allegretto con intimo sentimeuto V. lucrative positions, but gratitude towards ;
Moderate VI. Allegro VII. Allegro spiri- his patron, Count Caretto-Milesimo, who
; ;
toso Vin. Allegro con brio IX. Preludio had taken care of his entire education, im-
; ;
a capriccio, Andante con sentimento, Sehn- pelled him to remain in that nobleman's
suchts-oder Trauerwalzer. Published by household, in his native place, where he
Schreiber (Vienna). played the organ and taught music. His
SOIREES MUSIC ALES (Musical Even- compositions, comprising 300 works, rank
ings), a collection of eight Italian ariettas high as specimens of contrapuntal per-
and four duets, translated into French by fection, clearness of ideas, and devotional
Crevel de Charlemagne, with pianoforte ac- feeling, in the style of Bach. Works 40 :
companiment, music by Rossini. I. La pro- solemn masses, mostly a cappella in fugued

messa, canzonetta ; II. II rimprovero, do. style ; 2 Requiem ; 8 Htanies ; 2 Te Deum ;
III. La partenza, do. IV. L' orgia, arietta over 100 ofl'ertories, graduals, Magnilicats,
; ;
V. L' invito, bolero VI. La pustorella dell';

etc. Preludes and fugues for the organ. ;
Alpi, tyrolese VII. La gita in gondola,

;
Dalibor (Prague, 1862), Nos. 13, 14 — ;
barcarola VIII. La danza, tarantella

;
IX. Dlabacz Slovnik nauJiny (Prague, 1859),;
;
La regata veneziana, notturno X. Lapesca, viii. 763 :Mendel Wurzbach. ;

;
;
do. XL La serenata, do XII. Li marinari,

; SOKOL, JOSEPH, born at Bfezno, near
;
duetto. Published by Troupenas (Paris, Buntzlau, Bohemia, Jan. 27, 1821, died in St.
1834) ; German translation by Professor G, Petersburg, Aug. 9, 1858. Virtuoso on the

Friederich (Schott, Tran- violin, pupil at the Conscrvatorium in
Mainz, 1836).
scription for the pianoforte by Liszt, pub- Prague composed an overture wlion only ;
lished by Schott (Mainz, 1838). Same title, fourteen, and an opera two years later. In
to Vilua,
nine morceaux for the pianoforte by Ru- 1839 he went as orchestra leader
binstein, op. 109, published by Scnft" (Leip- thence in 1841 to St. Petersburg, where ho
violin in Herr-
sic, 1885) also pianoforte for four hands. married, and became fh-st
;
— Allgem. nius. Zeitg., xl. 796; Escudier, mann's, and afterwards in

Stnuiss's orches-
drink to ex-
Rossini, 231. tra. At Vilna he began to
and dissipation ultiniatcly ilcstrciycd

SOIS IMMOBILE. Sec Guillaumc Tell. cess,
805
;
SOLA
his remarkable talent for composition. him to poverty. Works : Ildegonda, Milan,
Works Lear, opera
: 2 overtures Sym- ; ;
1840 ; II contadino d' AgHate, ib., 1842,
phony Adagio ;polonais, for violin Kondo, ; and as La fanciulla di Castel Gandolfo,
do. Variations, do.
;
Songs. Ambros, Das ; — Brescia, 1843 Genio e sventura, Padua,
;
Conserv. in Prag (Prague, 1858), 79 Dali- ;

1843 La sorella di Pelagio. Fetis, Sup-
; —
bor (ib., 1858), No. G; Mendel; Wurz- plement, ii. 528.
bach. SOLERE, ETIENNE, born at Mont-
SOLA, CHARLES MICHEL ALEXIS, louis (Indre-et-Loire), France, April 4, 1753,
born in Turin, Italy, June G, 178G, died in died in Paris in 1817. Clarinet player, pupil
London (?). Flute and guitar player, pupil of Michel Yost, having previously served for
of Pipino and Vondano, having previously twelve years in the band of a regiment of
studied the violin under Pugnaui. After infantry then entered the service of the
; Due
serving for four years in a French regiment d'Orleans, after whoso death he became first
of infantry, he settled in 1809 at Geneva, clarinet in the royal orchestra, and on the
and studied composition under Dominique foundation of the Conservatoire was aji-
Bideau, formerly violoncellist at the Come- pointed professor of his instrument. In
die Italienne in Paris. In 1817 he removed 1804 he became a member of the imperial
to London. Works Le tribunal, ojDera, orchestra, and on the death of Chelard, the
:
Geneva, 1816 2 concertos for flute and or- elder, succeeded him as second clarinet at
;
chestra ;
Quartet for pianoforte, flute, clari- the Opera. Works 7 concertos for : clari-
net, and violoncello or bassoon do., for net Symphonies concertantes for 2
; ; clari-
flute, clarinet, horn, and bassoon do. for nets Duos for do. Fantaisies for clarinet
; ; ;
fluteand strings Grand trio for pianoforte, and pianoforte

; Airs varies 75 suites ; ;
harp, and viola Trios for flute, violin, and for military band, marches, quicksteps, etc.
;
bass Many pieces for guitar and flute

; Fetis Mendel. ;
— ;
French romances English and Italian ; SOLIE (properly Soulier), JEAN

songs. —
Fetis Mendel. ; PIERRE, born in"Nimes in 1775, died
SOLA, FURTIVA, AL TEMPIO. See in Paris, Aug. 6, 1812. Dramatic sing-
Norma. er and composer, son of a violoncellist
SOLDATS DE Gl^DEON, LES (The first learned the violoncello, and received
Soldiers of Gideon), double chorus for a good musical education at the maitrise of
men's voices, without accompaniment, by the Cathedral afterwards gave singing les- ;
Saint-Saiins, op. 4G. Published by Durand, sons, and was a violoncellist in the orchestras
Schoenewerk & Cie (Paris, between 187-4 of cities in the south of France. He made
and 1879). his debut as a tenor by replacing a sick
SOLERA, TEmSTOCLE, born in Milan, singer at Avignon in 1778, and thenceforth
Dec. 25, 1819, died there, April 21, 1878. adopted the dramatic stage. His success
Dramatic composer and librettist, made in the provinces tempted him to go to
himself first known as a poet when only Paris, in 1782, where he sang at the Comu-
eighteen and, while obtaining but moderate die Italienne, but failed and returned to
success as a composer, soon acquired great Nancy then sang at Lyons for three years. ;
reputation through his libretti, not only He went again to Paris in 1787, and was
for his own operas, but those of Verdi, Vil- engaged at the Opera Comique, singing
lani, Ponchielli, and others. During his with indifierent success for two years, until
last years he went to Egypt and was for a called upon to replace Clairval in 1789,
time director of police to the Khedive, but when he won \iuanimous applause. He im-
tiring of his duties returned to Italy, where proved his style by studying that of the
he led a Bohemian life which soon brought newly arrived Italian singers at the Theatre
3UC
;
SOLITAIRE
de Monsieur. His voice having meanwhile Until 1834 he acted as Kapellmeister there,
gradually changed to a pleasing baritone, a and until 1840 as professor of singing at
voice not heard until then at the Opura the imperial theatre-school. He returned
Comique, several composers wrote parts to Italy in 1841, and afterwards settled in
expressly for him, with Avhicli his name he- Paris. Works : II trionfo di Berenice, La
came In 1790 he began to com- testa di bronzo, Milan, 181G
identified. Le zingare ;
pose for the stage and won success with deir Asturia, ib., 1817 Giulia e Sesto ;
airs written for the opera, Les fous de Mc- Porapeo, ib., 1818 Elena e Malvino, 1824 ; ;
dine. —
Works Operas Jean et Genevieve, : Psalms and cxxviii., with orcliestra
cxii.
1792 La raoisson, 1793 Le plaisir et la

; ; Te Deum, Veni Creator, Ave Maria, Pater
gloire, 1794 Le jockei, 1795 Le secret.
; ; noster. Salve, De profundis ; 2 trios for
La soubrette, Azeline, 179G La femme de ; pianoforte and strings ; Grande polonaise ;
quarante-cinq ans, 1797 La rivale d'olle- ; Vocal method. — Fetis ; do.. Supplement, ii.
mcme, 1798 Le chapitre second, L'incerti-

; 529 ; Mendel.
tude maternelle, 1799 La pluie et le beau ; SOLE ICH DICK. See ZauherJlOte.
temps, Une matinee de Voltaire, ou la SOL NASCENTE, aria for soprano, with
famille Galas :\ Paris, Oui, ou
le double orchestra, in G, music by Mozart, composed
rendez-vous, Plutarque, 1800 Quatre maiis as a licenza, to be introduced at the end of

;
pour un, Le petit Jacquot, 1801 Henriette an opera, about 17G9. Breitkopf it Hiirtel,
;
et Verseuil, L'cpoux genereux, L'oncle et Mozart Werke, Serie vi., No. 4. Kcichel, —
le neveu, 1803 Les deux oncles, Le malade Verzeichniss, No. 70 Jalin, i. 414.
; ;
par amour, 1804: Ghacun son tour, 1805 ; SOLNITZ, ANTON WILLEM, born at ;
Le diable a quatre, 1806 L'opera de vil- Leyden in 1722, died at Amsterdam in 1758.
;
lage, L'amante sans le savoir, 1807 Anna, Instrumental composer of distinction, but ;
Le hussard noir, Mademoiselle de Guise, was addicted to strong liquors, and is said
1808 ; La arts, Les menestrels, to have composed only when intoxicated.
victime des
1811. — Fetis Supplement, ii. 528
; do.. He spent the greater part of his life at Am- ;
Gerber Mendel Riemann.

; ;sterdam. Works Six trios for 2 flutes or :
SOLITAIRE, LE (The Solitary One), violins, and bass 12 quartets for strings ; ;
opera-comique in three acts, text by Pla- 12 pieces for 2 clarinets and 2 horns. Fe- —
nard, music by Michele Carafa, first repre- tis Mendel. ;
sented at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris, Aug. SOLO:\ION, EDWARD, Enghsh dramatic
17, 1822. The libretto was taken from composer, contemporary, known by tlie fol-
the romance of the vicomte dArlincourt. lowing popular
The opera was given in 1823 at Frankfort- operas and oper-
on-the-Main, as " Der Einsiedler," and in ettas: Billeo Tay-
1824 in St. Petersburg. It was revived at lor, 1880 Claude ;
the Theatre Lyrique, Paris, in December, Duval, Quite an

1855. The score was published by Schott Adventure, 1881 ;
(Mainz, 1824). —
Clement et Larousse, G29 Lord Bateman, or ;
Revue mus. de Paris (1855), 390.

et gaz. Picotee's Pledge,
SOLIVA, CARLO EVASIO, born at Casal- Tlu'ough the Look-
Monferrato, Piedmont, in 1792, died in Paris, ____ ing-glass, farce,
"
Dec. 20, 1853. Dramatic composer, pupil
"
' The Vicar of Bray,
of Asioli and Federici at the Milan Conscr- Paul and Virginia, 1883 ; Polly,
vatorio was called in 1821 to Warsaw, as 1884

;
; Pocaliontas, 18S5.
professor of singing at the Conservatorium, SOLOMON, oratorio in three acts, text
and went thence in 1832 to St. Petersburg. by Thomas Morell, music by llandtl, first
8U7
; ;
SOMBRE
performed at London, Venice, 1697
Covent Garden,L' errore di Salomone, by ;
March 17, 1749. The

Bucking- Fr. Maria Veracini, London, 1745 Salomo,
score, in ;
ham Palace, is dated at the beginning May by Reinhard Keiser, text by Hunold (Me-
5, 1748, afterwards inscribed "50 minutes, nantes), Hamburg, 1703 Der Spruch des ;
Fine della Parte prima, May 23, 1748 vOl- Salomonis, by Peter Bitter, ib., 1817. See ;
Hg May 26, 1748 " and the last date, which also Die KOnigin von Saba, and La Reine
;
confirms the date of Handel's birth, is " 40 de Saba.— Rockstro, Handel, 289 Schcel- ;
minutes G. F. Handel, June 13, 1748, aetatis cher, do., 310 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxviii. ;
63 vollig geendiget," This is one of the 69 xxxii. 165 xxxv. 23 xxxix. 226 Har- ; ; ; ;
composer's great oratorios, and the gran- monicon (1828), 86.

deur of its double choruses is excelled only SOMBRE FOR>]T. See Guillaume Tell.
by those of Israel in Egyi)t. Characters SOMETIMES LET GORGEOUS TRA-
rejiresented : Solomon (A.) ; Zadok, the
alto aria of II Pensieroso, in F- GEDY,
High Priest (T.) ; A
Pharaoh's sharp minor, with accompaniment of strings
Levite (B.) ;
Daughter (S.) Nicaule, Queen of Sheba complete, in Handel's L' Allegro, il Pensie-
;
(S.) First Harlot (S.)

; Second Harlot roso, ed il Moderato, Part H., No. 29.
;
(S.) and choruses of Priests and Israel-

; SOMIS, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, born
ites. The oratorio was given only twice in in Piedmont in 1676, died at Turin, Aug.
1749 and twice again in 17G9. It was given 14, 1763. Violinist, pupil of Corelli in
in Vienna, Dec. 22 and 23, 1825, with the Rome, and of Vivaldi in Venice ; appointed
continuo filled out by J. F. Mosel in ; solo violin to the King and leader of the
BerUn in December, 1832 and in Leipsic ; royal band on his return to Turin, a posi-
in March, 1837. Solomon was revived by tion he held till his death. He occupies a
the Sacred Harmonic Society, London, in prominent place in the history of violin
1845, and it has frequently been performed playing, and forms the connecting link
at the great festivals in England. It was between the classical schools of Italy and
first sung in Boston by the Handel and France, and will always be celebrated as the
Haydn Society, Nov. 18, 1855. The score teacher of Giardini, Pugnani, Chabrau, and
was first published by Walsh (London) Leclair. The only one of his compositions
by Simrock (Bonn, 1830) pianoforte score ;
recorded is Opera prima di senate a vio-
by Xaver Gleichauf (ib.) by Goulding & ; lino e violoncello o cembalo (Rome, 1722).
D'Almaine, pianoforte or organ score, by His brother Lorenzo was also an eminent
J. Addison (London, 1828) and by Novello ; violinist. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 529 Hart, ;
& Co. (London) Hiindelgesellschaft, Breit-

; The Violin, 223 Dubourg, The Violin, 61
;
kopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1867). Italian ora- Regli, Storia del violino in Piemonte (Turin,
torioson this subject by Jacopo Melani, 1863).:
Bologna, 1686 II giudicio di Salomone, by

; SOMMERNACHTSTRAUM (Midsummer
1700 by Ignaz Night's Dream), overture and incidental
Ziani, Venice, 1697, Vienna, ;
Holzbauer, Mannheim, 1775 L' esaltazione music to Shakespeare's drama, by Mendels-

;
di Salomone, by Porsile, text by Maddali, sohn, op. 21, and op. 61. A. The overture
Vienna, March 6, 1727 ; by Zanetti, Flor- in E, op. 21, which is dated Berlin, Aug. 6,
ence, Dec. 3, 1775. Salomo- In German : 1826, was first given in the Mendelssohns'
nis Tempelbau, by Schneider, 1836 Salo- ; Garten-Haus, Berlin, in 1826. The first
mo, by K. E. Hering, and KOnig Salomo, public performance took place at Stettin in
by Ludwig Meiuardus, about 1860. Le February, 1827. This work, which marks
jugement de Salomon, French melodrama, almost the beginning of Mendelssohn's
by Quaisain, Paris, 1802. Operas II giu- : career, was written when he was only sev-
dizio di Salomone, by Marc Antonio Ziani, enteen, and is one of the greatest examples
896
;; ;
SOMML
of early mature genius iu the history of mu- 1G92) The
Fairies' Fugitive, by Busby (ib.,
;
sic. The strength and solidity underlying 1803) Midsinumer Night's Dream, by
;
the delicate grace and poetic lightness, and Henry E. Bishop (ib., 181(3) by Hermann ;
the dainty orchestration, place it among the Berens, same text, in Swedish, Stockholm,
finest overtures ever written. All of its 185G and Le rove d'une nuit d't'tr, French
;
themes were introduced into the incidental operetta in one act, by OlYenbach (Paris,
music, composed seventeen years later, with 1855). —
Hensel, The Mendelssohn Family
which it was combined, without alteration, (Klingemann), i. 130 ii. 215 Ileissmann,
; ;
as a prelude. Mendelssohn took the score do., G7, 279 ; Rockstro, do., 30, 89 ; Liszt,
to England, where it was first played at the Ges. Schriften, iii. 37 Schumann, do., ii.
;
Argyll Rooms, London, June 24, 1829, and 357, English ed., ii. 278 Neue Zeitschr., xx.
;
on returning from the concert the original G ; Allgera. mus.

xxxiv. 57, 8G3 Zeitg.,
MS. was left in a cab and lost. The over- XXXV. 201 xlv. 770 xlvi. 9, 614
; Le ; ;
ture was first given by the London Phil- Menestrel (1880-81), 59 Grove, ii. 259, ;
harmonic in 1830 in Munich in 1831 ; 282, 328 Athenjeum (1844), 8GG Upton,
; ;
Berlin iu 1833 Vienna iu 1833 Leipsic, ; ; Standard Symphonies, 293.

Feb. 21, 1833 and by the New York Phil-
; SO^NDII DEI, soprano arioso of Polissena,
harmonic, April 22, 1843. The score was in E minor, with accompaniment of violins
published by Breitkopf & Hartel (Leipsic, in unison, and bass, in Handel's liadainiMo,
1832) by Cramer, Addison, and Beale (ib.,

;
Act I., Scene 1. Published also separately,
1832) for the pianoforte for four hands by
;
with the accompaniment filled out by
the composer (Breitkopf & Hartel, Leipsic, Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
1833) and for the pianoforte for two hands,
;
SON AND STRANGER. See Heimkehr
by F. Mockwitz (ib., 1833). B. The inci- aus der Fremde.
dental music, op. Gl, was composed in SONATA APPASSIONATA (Impassioned
1843, at the request of the King of Pi-ussia, Sonata), for the pianoforte, in F minor, by
and first performed with scenery at the Beethoven, op. 57, composed iu 1S04-5.
New Palace, Potsdam, Oct. 14, 1843. I. The title was not given by Beethoven, who
Scherzo ; II. Fairy march ; III. "For spot- uses the word appassionata only twice, in
ted snakes," for two soprani and chorus the Sonatas for the pianoforte, op. lOG and
;
IV. Melodrama V. Intermezzo ; ; VI. Melo- op. 111. The composition may be taken to
drama Vn. Nocturne
; VLU. ; Andante describe strong emotions and the struggle
IX. Wedding march X. Allegro com- ; of life against fate. When asked for a key
modo XI. Bergomask dance XII. Finale.
; ; to its meaning and to that of the sonata in
The entire composition was first given in D minor, op. 31, No. 2, Beethoven replied :
Berlin, Oct. 18, 1843 ; iu Leipsic, Dec. 30, "Read Shakespeare's 'Tempest.'" I. Al-
1843 ; in 8, 1843 in Dres-
Weimar, April ;
legro assai ; H. Andante con moto ; III.
den, Feb. 1848 at the Philharmonic,

3, ;
Allegro ma nou
Sketches for this
troppo.
London, under the composer's direction, sonata are in the Lconore Sketch-book,
]\ray 27, 1844 and first by the New York
;
owned by Paul Mendelssohn. The sonabi
Philharmonic in the season of 1849-50. appassionata was dedicated to Count Bruns-
Tlie score was first published by Breitkopf wick, and published at the Bureau des arts
& Hartel (Leipsic, 1844) pianoforte score ;
et dc I'industrio de Schrcyvogel (Vicuna,
for four hands by Mendelssohn (ib.) edi- ;

1807). The Sonata lias been scored for or-
tion by Novello (London), Breitkopf «fc chestra by Froderic de Deobisch (Moscow) ;
Hartel, Mendelssohn Werke, Serie xv.. No. arranged for the pianoforte foiu- hands l)y
117. Operas on Shakespeare's play The Cranz for the pianoforte, (wo violins, viola, : ;
Fairy Queen, by Henry Purcell (London, and violoncello, by Prince Kustriot Scandur-
099
;
SONATE
berg, and the Andante con moto movement
No. 215 Schiudler, er, Verzeichniss, ;
with words "An die Nacht," for soprano, 2G9 Marx, do., i. IGO ii. Beethoven, i. ; ;
or tenor, by Silcher. Breitkopf k Hiirtel, 261, 2G5 Nohl, do., iii. 116 Lenz, do., ii. ; ;
Beethoven Werke, Serie xvi., No. 23. part H. 30 do., Beethoven et ses trois ;
— Thayer, Verzeichniss, No. 119 Lenz, styles, ii. 17 Marx, Anleitung zum Vortrag
; ;
Beethoven, ii. part I. 4 do., Beethoven et Beethoven'scher Klavierwerke, 148

; Elter- ;
ses trois styles, i. 2G4: ii. 135 Marx, Beet- lein, Beethovens Sonaten, 113 Grove, iii.
; ; ;
hoven, ii, 2, 2G-34 do., Anleitung zum 574.

;
Vortrag Beethoven'scher Klavierwerke, 132 SONATE PASTORALE (Pastoral So- ;
Elterlein, Beethovens Clavier-Sonaten, 94 nata), for the pianoforte, in D, by Beetho-

;
do. (Hill), 83 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., ix. 433

; ven, op. 28, composed in 1801. Its charac-
;
Neue Zeits. (18G1), ii. 32. ter is idyllic and pastoral. The name was
SONATE CAKACTEEISTIQUE. See given to the sonata by the publishers,
Lebexoohl, Das, etc. not by Beethoven, It is one of the best
SONATE ECOSSAISE (Scottish Sonata), works of his second period, and was Avritten
fantasia for the jDiauoforte, in F-sharp about the same time as the Moonlight So-
minor, by Mendelssohn, op, 28, dated Ber- nata, op. 27, No. 2. I. Allegro H. An- ;
lin, Jan. 29, 1833. I. Con moto agitato ; II. dante in. Scherzo IV. Rondo.
; The au-;
Allegro con moto ; III. Presto. The work, tograph, dedicated to Joseph, Edlen von
dedicated to Ignaz ]Moscheles, was published Sonnenfels, and in the possession of Johann
by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mendelssohn Werke, Kaffka, was first published by the Bureau
Serie xi., No. 5G. d'arts et d'industrie (Vienna, 1802) also by ;
SONATE FUR DAS HAMMERKLA- Haslinger (ib., 1802). It was arranged as a

VIER (Sonata for the pianoforte), Beetho- string trio by Uber as a string quartet, by
;
ven's own title for his sonata for the piano- Ferdinand Ries and by Bierey. Breitkopf
forte in B-flat, op. lOG, composed in 1818. & Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie xvi., No.
This is the greatest sonata ever written for 15. —
Lenz, Beethoven, I. Part ii. 86 ; do.,
the pianoforte, and it bears the same rela- Beethoven et ses trois styles, i. 239 Marx, ;
tion to Beethoven's sonatas that the Ninth Beethoven, i. 185, 287 do., Anleitung zum ;
Symphony does to his symj^honies. It was Vortrag Beethoven'scher Klavierwerke, 118 ;

written during the most unhappy period of Elterlein, Beethovens Sonaten, 74 Allgem. ;
Beethoven's life, and it shows the pressure mus. Zeitg., v. 189.

of outward circumstances ui:)on a strong SONATE PATHETIQUE, for the piano-
nature struggling against fate. I. Allegro ; forte, in C minor, by Beethoven, op. 13,
IL Scherzo, assai vivace HL Adagio
published by Joseph Eder (Vienna,
; sos- first
tenuto ; IV. Largo, Allegro risoluto (fuga 1799). I, Grave, Allegro H. Adagio can- ;
a tre voci, con alcune licenze). The work, tabile HI. Rondo Allegro. Mr. Notte- ; :
dedicated to the Erzherzog Rudolph von bohm has recently discovered in one of
Oesterreich, was
published by Artaria Beethoven's sketch-books that the last
first
& Co. (Vienna, 1819), by Breitkopf & Hiir- movement was originally written for strings,
tel (Leipsic, 1820), and do., Beethoven and he suggests that he may have intended
Werke, Serie xvi.. No. 152. Arranged by it for the finale of the string trio in C
Ebers for four hands (Bote & Bock, Berlin) minor, op. No. 3. The sonata was dedi-
9,
for two pianofortes by A. Syeroff for string ; cated to Prince Karl Lichnowsky. It was
quartet by Prince Kastriot Scanderberg ;
published by Hofmeister (Leipsic, 1800) ;
and the theme from the Adagio for one by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (ib., 1835). It was
voice with pianoforte by Hiibner, on the scored for orchestra by J. P. Schmidt, and
words " Das Grab ist tief uud stille," Thay- — performed in Berlin in 1837 also by DOr- ;
400
:
SON
stedt, and given in
Petersburg, March 14, febvre, and Grimm, appeared in the original
St.
1853. Pianoforte arrangement
for four cast. Illness prevented Mme Ugalde from
Lands, for string quartet and quintet, and
for nonet for wind instruments. Breitkopf
& Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie
xvi., No.
8. —Thayer, Verzeichniss,64 Lenz, No. ;
Beethoven, I. i. 133 do., Beethoven at ses

;
trois styles, i. 184 Mars, Beethoven, i

;
17G do., Anleitung zum Vortrag Beet-

;
hoven'scher Klavierwerke, 107 OuHbicheff, ;
Beethoven, 127 Elterleiu,

; Beethovens
Sonaten, 58 do. (Hill), 54
; Allgem. mus. ;
Zeitg., iii. 373.

SON CONFUSA PASTOEELLA, alto
aria of Erissena, in D major, with ac-
companiment and strings com-
of traversa
plete, in Handel's Poro, Act HI., Scene 10.
Published also separately, Avith the ac-
companiment filled out by Robert Franz
(Leipsic, Kistner).
SONGE D'HEEODE, LE. See Enfance
du Christ.
SONGE D'UNE NUIT Wtut, LE (A
Midsummer Night's Dream), French opcra- '^b&'y
i:A ^
comique by Rosier and de
in three acts, text ?.
Leuven, music by Ambroise Thomas, first Delphine Ugalde, as Queen Elizabeth.

represented at the Opera Comique, Paris,
April 20, 1850. The libretto has no rela- taking the part of Queen Elizabeth, but
tion to Shakespeare's comedy. Characters subsequently she sang this rule with suc-
Queen Elizabeth, Olivia, Latimer, Falstaff, cess. —
Clement ct Larousse, G30.
Shakespeare, and others. Queen Elizabeth SONG OF PEOmSE, cantata for so-
and her companion, from prano solo, chorus, and orchestra, text by
Olivia, separated
the royal suite, take refuge in a tavern, where Woodberry, music by John Knowles Paino,
they find Shakespeare revelling with Sir op. 43, composed for and first performed at
John Falstaff and his followers. The Queen the Cincinnati Musical Festival in May,
rebukes Shakespeare, who believes her to 1888. The solo was sung by Mme Lilli
be a noblewoman, but does not know her Lehmani), and the work conducted by
rank, and he continues to carouse. She Theodore Thomas.
orders Falstaff to transport him to the SONG OF THE VHONG, short cantata
grounds of the palace, and on awaking he and orchestra,
for baritone solo, chorus,
fights a duel with Latimer, Olivia's lover, by George W. Chadwick, first performed in
who believes Shakespeare to be enamoured Boston in 188L First given in New York
of her. The latter, thinking he has killed by the Orpheus Gleo Club, Chickering
Latimer, tries to drown himself, but is cap- Hall, Dec. 2, 188(5. Same title, cantata
by
tured and brought before the Queen, who George E. Whiting, published by Schirmcr
pardons him, and promises to regard the cir- (New York).
cumstance as a midsummer night's dream. SONGS WITHOUT WORDS. Sec Lie-
Bataille, Couderc, Boulo, and Mmes Le- der ohuo Worte.
401
: ;
SONNAMBULA
SON LO SPIRITO. See Mefistofele. Rubini's high counter-tenor
pecially for
SONNAMBULA, LA (The Somnambu- transposed to a lower key in the
voice, is
list), Italian opera in two acts, text by Ko- published pianoforte scores. Thus the air
mani, music by Belliui, first represented in "Ah! perche non posso odiarti," originally
aiilan, March 6, 1831, with the following written and sung in D, is published in B-flat.
cast The part of Amina has been sung with suc-
Amina (S.) Mme Pasta. cess by Malibran, Pasta, Caradori- Allan, Jen-
ny Lind, Persiani, Albani, Gerster, and Ade-
Elvino (T.) Sig. Rubini.
lina Patti. The opera was first represented
Rodolfo (Bar.) Sig. Mariano.
Mme Toccani. in London at the King's Theatre, July 28,
Lisa (C.)
The story is from a ballad and vaudeville

by Scribe. The action takes place in a
village of Switzerland, where preparations
are making for the marriage of Amina,
ward of the miller's wife, and Elvino, a
landholder. Eodolfo, lord of the village,
arrives incognito to look after his estate,
and puts up at the inn kept by Lisa, who
is in love with Amina, who is a
Elvino.
somnambulist, enters his room in her sleep,
and is seen by Lisa and Eodolfo. They
leave the room, Kodolfo to save her from
suspicion, Lisa to inform Elvino in malice
of what has occurred. Elvino and a crowd
of villagers rush to the inn, where Elvino
denounces Amiua, who is awakened by the
tumult, and offers his hand to Lisa. In
the last act Amina is seen walking in her
sleep. She steps from the window of the
mill, crosses a frail bridge, which bends Maria Catarina Caradori-Allan.
beneath her weight, descends a path to the
ground, and walks into the arms of Elvino, 1831, with Mme Pasta as Amina. It was
who, convinced of her innocence, marries first given in Paris, Oct. 28, 1831 in Lon- ;
her at once. Lisa's handkerchief, found in don, in English, with Malibran as Amina,
Rodolfo's room, shows that she is the faith- May 1, 1833 and fii-st in New York, May ;
less one. The principal numbers are : 14, 1842. Edition by Natalia Macfarren
Amina's arias, " Come per me sereno " and (Novello & Co., London, 1872). Grande
"Sovra il sen la man' mi posa " Rodolfo's fantaisie de concert for the pianoforte on
;
aria, ravviso " the duet, "O mio themes from this opera by Liszt (Schu-
"Vi ;
dolor," between Amina and Elvino and berth, Leipsic) and melange by Raff for
; ;
Amina's "Ah! non credea," followed by the pianoforte. Other operas on this sub-
her song of joy, " Ah non giunge," ject in Italian La sonnambula, by Paer,
! :
which closes the opera. The second finale, Venice, 1797 II sonnambulo, by Luigi ;
"D'un pensiero, d'un accento," for quintet Picciuni, Stockholm, 1797 by IVlichele Ca- ;
and chorus, is one of Bellini's finest inspi rafa, text by Romani, Milan, Dec. 26, 1829
rations. It is to be noticed that much of by Miro, Lisbon, 1833 by Carlo Valentini, ;
the music in the part of Elvino, wiitteu es Lucca, Jan. 22, 1834 by Giuseppe Gerli, ;
402
:
SONNLEITHNER
Milan, 1844. La somnambule, French bal- 1839. Virtuoso on the guitar, instructed in
let in two by Herokl, Paris, 1827 and
acts, ; composition by a monk went afterwards ;
a Spanish opera, EI sonambulo, by J. EmiHo to Madrid, where he composed symphonies

Arrieta, Madrid, Oct, 11, 1856. Clement — and quartets, and after the war, in which
et Larousse, 631 Edwards, Hist. Opera,
; he had served as captain in the army, was
ii. 250 Hai-monicon (1831), 110, 228 All-
; ; obliged to take refuge in France, with the
gem, mus. Zeitg., xxxiii. 324, 851 Athe- ; partisans of Joseph Bonaparte. "NMiile in
nffium (1872), i. 280 Upton, Standard Op-
; Paris, he was much encouraged by Mi'hul,
eras, 52. Cherubini, and Breton to resume his art,
SONNEZ, CORS ET MUSETTES. See went to London, and later to Moscow,
Dame blanche. whence he went again to Paris, and finally
SONNEZ, MES CLOCHES GEN- settled there in 1828, having once more
THiLES See Carillonneur de Bruges.
! tried his fortune in London. Works Te- :
SONNLEITHNER, CHRISTOPH, born lemacco, opera, Barcelona, 1798 La foire ;
at Szegedin, Hungary, May 28, 1734, died de Smyrne, opera-comique, London. Bal-
in Vienna, Dec. 25, 1786. Instrumental and lets Le seigneur genereux L'amant pein-
:
;
church composer, pupil of Pirk, who also tre Cendrillon Hercule et Omphale Lo
; ; ;
had instructed the Emperor Joseph H. that dormeur oveille La belle Arsene, faii-y op-
; ;
monarch afterwards conceived a special lik- era. Funeral march for the obsequies of
ing for Sonnleithner's chamber music, and Czar Alexander!.; Symphonies; Quartets;
had his quartets played to him regular!}'. Divertissements, fantaisies, etc., for guitar ;
By profession he was a lawyer, distinguished Grande methode for do. Ft.'tis do.. Sup- — ;
as such, and also as a writer on jurispru- plement, ii. 531 Mendel Schilling, Sup- ; ;
dence. Works Masses, Requiems, gradu- plement.

:
als, offertories, and other church music SORCERER, THE, English comic opera
;
Symphonies, concertos, 36 quartets, com- in two acts, text by Gilbert, music by Sul-
posed for Joseph H., trios, etc. Only 3 livan, first represented at the Royalty The-
quartets for strings were published (Vienna, atre, Loudon, Nov. 17, 1877. Original cast
1803).— Wurzbach. The Sorcerer, i\Ir. George Grossniith Lady ;
SONNTAGSKIND, DAS, German opera, Sangazure, Mrs. Howard Paul .Vlino, Miss ;
text by Bulthaupt, music by Albert Die- Alice May Alexis, Mi: Bentham The Bar-
; ;
trich, repi'esented at the Stadttheater, Bre- onet, ]\L-. Temple and Constance, Miss G. ;
men, March 21, 1886. Well received ; the Warwick. The Sorcerer was first given in
last act is particularly effective. New York, Feb, 21, 1879. The jiianoforte
SON PELLEGRINO, soprano aria of score was first published by Metzler <t Co.
Lucejo, in A major, with accompaniment of (London, 1877). — Atbenreum (1877), ii.
strings complete, in Handel's Scipione, Act 671.

HI., Scene 7. Published also separately, SORCIER, LE (The Sorcerer), comcdio
with the accompaniment filled out by Otto in two acts, text by Poinsiuet, music by
Dresel (Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel). Philidor, first represented at the Tlieatro
SONST UND JETZT (Then and Now), Italien, Paris, Jan. 2, 1764. The opera,
concertino for the violin, in A minor, by originally sung by Geraizer, Barnolt, Mnio
Spohr, op. 110, No. 3. PubUshed by Mec- Decroix, and Mme Bonelli, was very suc-
chetti (Vienna). cessful. It was revived at the Fantaisies
SON VERGIN VEZZOSA. See Puri- Parisiennes, Feb. 9, 1867.— Ck'mcnt et Lji-
tani di Scozia. rousse, 633.
SOR (Sors), FERNANDO, born in Ma- SORGE, GEORG ANDRI':AS, born at

drid, Feb. 14, 1778, died in Paris, July 8, Mellenbach, Schwarzburg, ^Nlarch 30, 1703,
403
; ;
SORIANO
died at Lobenstein, April 4, 1778. Organ- lomeo Roy, while in the choir of San Gio-
ist,pupil of Waltlier and Tischer ; became vanni in Laterano, at the age of fifteen ;
court organist at Lobenstein when nineteen afterwards pupil of Montanari, of Nauini,

years old, and remained in the same position and lastly of Palestrina, one of whose most
until his death. He
more distinguished remarkable scholars he was. Maestro di
is
as a didactic writer. Works

Six sonatas capiDella at S. Ludovico dei Francesi in :
for pianoforte 2i preludes Klavieriibung, 1581

; of Sta. Maria Maggiore in 1587
; ;
in G nach italienischem Gusto gesetzten So- head of the choir of St. Peter's in 1G03.
natinen Wohlgewiirzte Klangspeisen in G He composed a great deal of church music
;
Partien Organ sonatas 2-k preludes 6 while occupying these several positions, but
; ; ;
symphonies for pianoforte 12 minuets for will be longest remembered for having ar-
;
do. and violin Toccata per omuem circu- ranged Palestrina's Missa Papae Marcelli
;
lum xxiv. modorum Duos for 2 flutes. In for 8 voices. Works First book of Madri-
; :
MS.: Music (cantatas and motets) for the gali a 5 voci (Rome and Venice, 1581) Sec- ;
church year Cantatas Pianoforte and organ ond book do. (Rome, 1592) 2 books do. a
; ; ;
music. His writings are : Genealogia alle- 4 voci (ibid., IGOl, 1G02) ; Book of masses,
gorica intervallorum octavje diatonico-chro- for and G voices (Rome, 1G09) Col- 4, 5, ;
maticffi (Hof, 17J:1) Anweisung zur Stim- lection of 110 canons on Ave maris stella
;
mung und Temperatur in einem GesiJriich (Rome, IGIO) 2 books of motets (Venice, ;
(Hamburg, IT-l-l) Vorgemach der musika- 1G14, IGIG) Villanelle a tre voci (Venice,
; ;
lischeu Komposition (Lobenstein, 1745-47) 1G17). His last work was a Magnificat and
Gespriich von der Priltorianischen, Priutzis- Passionea4, with his portrait (Rome, 1G19).
chen, "Werkmeisterischen, Neidharditschen, The Passion, a Magnificat, and 5 Antiphons
Niedtischen und Silbermaunischen Tem- are included in Pi'oske's Musica Divina, vols,
peratur, wie auch vom neuen System Tele- iii. and iv. 2 Masses are in Selectus novus. ;
manns (ib., 1748) Ausfiihrliche und deut- A complete list of his works is given in
;
liche Anweisung zur Kational-Rechnung Kiesewetter's Baini (p. 233). Fetis; Men- —
(ib., 1749) Griindliehe Untersuchuug, ob del Riemann Ambros, Gesch. IV. 80.
; ; ; ,
die Schruterischen Klaviertemperaturen vor SORLINO-FUERTES, Don MARIANO,

gleichschwebend kunnen oder born at Murcia in 1817, died in Madrid in
passieren
nicht (1754) Anweisung Ivla- April, 1880. Dramatic composer and writer
; Zuverlilssige
viere und Orgeln gehorig zu temperieren on music son of a musician who wished him ;
und zu stimmeu (1758) Verbesserter mu- to adopt the army as a profession, but he
;
sikaUscher Zirkel Compendium harmoni- resigned, and founded a musical paper, en-
;
cum (Berlin, 17G0) Kurze Erkliirung des titled Iberia musical y literaria (1841), the
;
Canonis harmonici (17G3) Die Natur des first publication of the kind in Spain. On
;
Orgelklangs (Hof, 1771) Der in der Re- its failure he devoted himself to a long-
;
chen und Messkunst wohlerfahrene Orgel- cherished plan of establishing a national

baumeister (Lobenstein, 1773) Anmerkung- oi:)era, and composed zarzuelas which were ;
en liber Quanzens Dis- und Es-Klappe favourably received. He became professor at ;
Anmerkungen iiber Hiller's Intervallensys- the Madrid Conservatorio in 1843 director ;
tem Anleitung zur Fantasie. Riemann of the Lyceums at Cordova, Seville, and
; — ;
Fetis Mendel; Schilling Gerber Mat- Cadiz in 1844 conductor of the opera at
; ; ; ;
theson, Ehren-Pforte, 337. Seville, Cadiz, and in 1852 at Barcelona,

SORIANO (Suriano, Suriani), FRAN- where he founded the Gaceta Musical in
CESCO, born in Rome in 1549, died there 18G0. Chevalier of the Order of Charles
in Januai'y, 1620. Church composer, first HI. of the militaiy order, first class, of St. ;
instructed by Annibale Zoilo, and Barto- Ferdinand great gold medal of the Span- ;
404
;
SOSARME
ish Institute ; member of several Spanish j
SO SCHNELL EIN RAUSCHEND
literary and scientific societies. Works WASSEli,
C major, with ac- tenor aria in
—Zarzuelas Geroma la castafiera El vento- companiment of flute solo, violin solo, and
: ;
rillo de Alf aracbe La feria de Santo-Ponce continuo, in Johanu Sebastian Bach's can-
;
A Belen van los zagales El tio cariancho, tata, Ach wie fliichtig, ach wie nichtig.
;
opera-comique, Seville La fabrica de taba- SOTO, FRANCISCO, born at Langa,

;
cos de Sevilla, ib. Lola la Gaditana. A Sta- Spain, in 1534, died in Rome, Sept. 25,
;
bat Mater, and a Requiem for Cordova. Lit- 1019. Church composer, collector, and
erary works Musica Ai'abe-Espanola (Barce- editor of church music.
: He entered the
lona, 1853) Historia de la musica espauola
; college of the Pontifical Chapel, June 8,
desde la venida de los Feni'cios liasta el afio 15G2, was a friend of S. Filippo Neri, and
de 1850 (ib., and Madrid, 1855-59) Memo- ; assumed the direction of the music of the
ria sobre las sociedades corales en Espafia ;
Oratory, founded by him. He himself
Espafia artistica y industrial en la exposicion founded the first Carmelite convent in
de 18G7. — Fctis ; Mendel ; Riemann. Rome. He was highly esteemed by Sixtua
SO RIEF DER LENZ IN DEN WALD. v., and was consulted by him as to the
See Meistersinger von Niirnberg. appointments to the chapel. He published
SOSARME, Italian opera in three acts, the 3d book of Laudi Spirituali, composed
text by Matteo Noris, music by Handel, for the Oratory by Palestrina, and other
first represented at the King's Theatre, masters (Rome, 1588) later he published
;
London, Feb. 4, 1732. The libretto, orig- the first three books, under the title Libro :
inally entitled AlfonsoPrimo, was first set delle laudi spirituali, etc., e con 1' aggiuuta
by Pollarolo, and given at the Teatro San di molte laudi nuove (Rome, 1589), which
Salvatore, Venice, in 1G94. Handel changed would indicate that many new ones were
the names The
of all the dramatis persona3. added, but the composers' names are not
score, Buckingham Palace, is dated,
in given. Fetis says that Soto's well-known
Feb, 4, 1732. The opera was very success- modesty shrunk from indicating those of
ful. Original cast Sosarme, King of Me- his own composition. Finally
:
II quarto :
dia (C), Signor Senesino Haliarte, I^ng libro delle laudi spirituali
;
(Rome, 1591).
of Lidia (T.), Signor Pinacci ; Erenice, wife —Fetis ; Schilling ; Mendel.

of Haliarte (A.), SignoraBagnolesi ; Elmira, SOTTERRANEO, IL. See Camilla.
daughter of Haliarte, betrothed to Sosarme SOUBRE, £TIENNE JOSEPH, born at
(S.), Signora Strada Argone, son of Hali- ;

Liege, Dec. 80, 1813, died there, Sept. 8,
arte (A.) Melo, illegitimate son of Haliarte
;
1871. Instrumental and vocal composer,
(A.), Signor Bertolli and Altomaro, coun- ; pupil at the Liege Conservatoire of Jalliaut
sellor of Haliarte (B.), Signor Montagnand. on the pianoforte, and of Daussoigne-Muhul
This opera contains some interesting num- in harmony and counterpoint, for which he
bers. Sosarme's aria " Cuor di madre " is won the first prizes, and in 1841 the com-
accompanied by a solo for the violin, written petition prize instituted by the government.
for Castrucchi, and Elmira's aria "Rendi il Having travelled in Italy and Germany, and
sereno," was sung by Mr. Harrison at the spent about six months in Paris, he settled
at first at Liege, then at Brussels in tho
Handel Commemoration, May 27, 1784. ;
former city he conducted a male singing

Long afterwards it was popular as " Lord,
remember David." The score was pub- society in 1838-44, in the latter the Reu-
lished by Walsh (London) edition for the ;
nion Lyrique, and for several years also tlio
Handelgesellschaft, by Breitkopf & Hiirtel Societe Philharnioniciue.In USG'i ho suc-
(Leipsic, 1880).— Chrysauder, Hiindel, ii. ceeded Daussoigne-Mehul as director of tho

251 ; Burney, iv. 35G. Conservatoire at Liege. Works: Isoliuo,
405
; :
SOUND
ou les chaperons blancs, opera, Brussels, SOUS VOTRE BANNli:RE. See Pro-
1855 Sj-mphouie triomphale, ib., 1854:
;
phete. ;
SarJanajjale, cantata, Liege, 1841 Cantata SOUVENHIS DU JEUNE AGE. See ;
for the 25th anniversary of Leopold I., ib., Pre aux Clercs.
185G Requiem, -svith orchesti-a
;
Stabat SOVRA IL SEN. See Sonnambula. ;
Mater, do. Ave verum, do. Ecce panis,

; SOWINSIvI, WOJCIECH (ALBERT),
;
with organ 12 sacred choruses for female born at Ladyzyn, Ukraine, in 1803, died in
;
voices ; G hymns for 2 soprani ; Hymne u Paris, March 5, 1880. Pianist, pujîl in Vi-
Godefroid de Bouillon, for male chorus and enna of Czerny and Leidesdorf, and in com-
orchestra, Antwerp, 1850, and many other position of Seyfried was much influenced ;
choruses for male voices Cantatas, over- by his intercourse with Hummel, Mo-
;
tures, symphonies, etc. Vieuxtemps, Not. —

scheles, Schubert, and Stadler, then visited
biogr. (Brussels, 1872) Fetis Mendel. Italy, and in 1830 settled in Paris, to teach
; ;
SOUND AN ALARM, tenor aria of Judas, his instrument and to play in concerts. In
in D major, accompanied in the first and 1842 he appeared in London. He published
second parts by a continuo, and in the re- a biographical dictionary of Polish and Sla-
peat of the first part by three trumpets, vic musicians (Paris, 1857). Works Le- :
drums, two oboes, strings complete, and nore, lyric drama Le modele, opera-com- ;
continuo, in Handel's Judas Maccabseus, ique Saint-Adalbert, oratorio 2 masses 6 ; ; ;
Act IL This air leads immediately to the motets, and other church music 2 sym- ;
chorus. We hear, we hear the pleasing, phonies 3 overtures Concerto for piano- ; ;
dreadful call. forte and orchestra Variations de concert, ;
SOUND THE LOUD TUVOBREL, a song for do. Air des legions polonaises, for do. ;
long popular in England. The air is taken and voices Grand rondo for pianoforte and ;
from one of Charles Avison's instrumental quartet Grande polonaise, for do. Trio for ; ;
concertos, pianoforte and strings Variations, fantai- ;
SOUSSMANN, HEINRICH, born in Ber- sies, morceaux de salon, etc., for pianoforte ;
lin, Jan. 25, 179G, died in St. Petersburg in 12 grandes etudes, for do. 24 preludes and ;
May, 18'48. Virtuoso on the flute, at first exercises, in all keys, for do. Fetis Mendel. — ;
instructed on the violin by his father, but SPANISCHES LIEDERSPIEL, cycle of

after hearing SchriJck practised incessantly
songs, for different voices with pianoforte
on a simple he became SchrOck's accompaniment, text by Geibel, from Span-
flute until
pupil. He took part in the wars of inde- ish romances and folk-songs, music by Schu-
pendence in 1813-14, serving in two regi- mann, ojD. 74, composed in 1849. I. Erste
ments, and was wounded
in the chest at Begegnung, for soprano and alto II. In- ;
he could only grad- termezzo, for tenor and bass HI. Liebes-
la Belle-Alliance, so that ;
ually resume the use of his instrument. gram, for soprano and alto IV. In der ;
In 1822 he became first flute at the im- Nacht, for soprano and tenor V. Es ist ;
perial opera in St. Petersburg. Works verrathen, for soprano, alto, tenor, and :
Concertino for flute and orchestra ; 3 quar- bass ; VI. Melancholic, for soprano ; VII.
tets for flutes ; Theme varie for flute, with Gestiindniss, for tenor ; VIII. Botschaft, for
quartet ; Potpourri, for do. ; Trio concer- soprano and alto ; IX. Ich bin geliebt, for
tant for 2 flutes and pianoforte ; Duos con- soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. Anhang
certants for 2 flutes ; Grande fantaisie for Der Conti'abandiste, for baritone. Pub-
flute and pianoforte Serenade, for do. ; lished by Kistuer (Leipsic, 1849). Breit-
Etudes, and other instructive compositions ;
kopf & Hiirtel, Serie x.. No. 8. Arranged
Method for flute ; Do. for trumpet. —Fetis ;
for pianoforte for two and for four hands
Mendel ; Schilling. by S. Jadassohn.
4U6
SPANISCIIE
SPANISCHE TANZE (Spanish Dances), in 1742 to the monastery at Ki-emsm(inster,
for the violin with pianoforte
accompani- which he had entered in 1736, and where
ment, by Pablo de Sarasate. Part I., op. he was ordained priest in 1743 and con- ;
21, dedicated toJoseph Joachim 1. Mala- ducted the music there twenty years from
:
guefia 2. Habanera. Part II., op. 22, dedi- 1747.

; Among his compositions, preserved
cated to Mme Norman Neruda 1. Romanza in the monastery of Kremsmiinster are 38
:
:
Andaluza 2. Jota Navarra. Part HI., op. antiphons. Advent, and Lenten songs Arias
; ;
23, dedicated to Hugo Herrmann:

1. Pla- for special occasions Pange lingua Bac- ; ;
yera; 2. Part IV., op. 2G, dedi- chanaliorum finis, a musical jest.
Zapateado. Wurz- —
cated to Leopold Auer. Part V., op. 28, bach.
dedicated to the composer's sister, Fran- SPARTACUS, overture for orchestra, by
cisca Sarasate de Mena 1. Serenata 2. Saint-Saens.
: This work gained a prize from
;
Andaluza. Part VI., op. 29, dedicated to the Societc Sainte-Cccile, Bordeaux. Pulj-
Signorina Teresina Tua, El canto del rui- lished by Durand, Scha-newerk, & Cio
senor (Song of the Nightingale). Part VH., (Paris).
op. 30, dedicated to M. Marsick, Bolero. SPATH, ANDREAS, born at Rossacli,
Published by Simrock (Berlin) arranged near Coburg, Oct. 9, 1792, died at Gotha,
;
for pianoforte by Theodor Kirchner (Sim- May, 1876. Dramatic and church com-
rock, Berlin, 1880). Grumlich at Coburg, and in
poser, pupil of
SPARK, WILLIAM, born in Exeter, Eng- 1816 of Riotti in Vienna had entered the ;
land, Oct. 28, 1825, still Hving, 1890. Or- orchestra of the Prince of Coburg in 1810,
ganist, first a chorister at Exeter Cathedral, was afterwards for eleven yesas organist at
then articled in 1834, for five years, to Dr. Morges, Switzerland, and in 1833 became
S. Sebastian Wesley, with whom he went to music director and city organist at Ncu-
Leeds in 1842, and became deputy organist chutel ; later he was made Hof-Kapell-
of the Parish Church he was then organist, meister at Coburg.
;
Works Operas Ida — :
successively, of Chapeltown, and St. Paul's, von Rosenau, Coburg, 1821 Elise, ib., ;
Leeds, at Tiverton, Devon, Daventry, North- 1833 Der Astrolog, ib., 1837 Omar und ; ;
ampton ; and on Wesley's removal to Win- Sultana, ib., 1842 ; Several ballets. Orato-
chester, appointed to St. George's, Leeds, rios : Die Auferstehiuig ; Petrus ; Judas
1850, where he still remains. In 1851 he Iscariot. Mass for four voices with wind
founded the Leeds Madrigal and Motet instruments Cantatas Psalms Te Dcum ; ; ; ;
Society, subsequently the People's Concerts. Symphonie concertante for two clarinets
He was elected borough organist, when the and orchestra Pieces for wind instru- ;
famous organ in the new Town Hall was ments Airs varies for violin and clar- ;
erected, and holds organ recitals twice a week. inet, with orchestra or quartet Nonetto ;
Mus. Doc, Dublin, 1861. He started the for string and wind instruments Quar- ;
Organist's Quarterly Journal in 18G9, and tets for strings Many fantaisies, and varia- ;
the Practical Choir-master in 1881. Works tions for pianoforte. Fetis Mendel ScLil-
:
— ; ;
Trust and Triumph, cantata Ode to Labor, ; ling.
do. Anthems, services, glees, and songs

; SPECH, JANOS (Johauu), born at Pres-
;
Organ music. — Grove

Riemann. ;
burg, Hungary, July 6, 1768, died in Vicuna,
SPARRY, JOSEF, born at Gratz, Styria, date not known. Instrumental and vocal
April 28, 1715, died at Kremsmiinster, composer, studied law and entered in 1792
Upper Austria, April Benedictine the government service at lûda. but soon
5, 1767.
monk and church composer, pupil of Leo- devoted himself entirely to music, and went
nardo Leo in Naples and of Girolamo Chiti to Vienna to teach, while studying compo-
in Rome. After visiting Venice, he returned sition. In 1804 he became Kapellmeister
407
;
SPECTRE'S
at the theatre in Pesth,and in 1816 went SPEIDEL, WILHELM, born at Ulm,

to Paris, whence he returned after a few Bavaria, Sept. 3, 1820, still living, 1890.
years to Vienna, where he was living after Pianist, first instructed by his father (Kon-
1830. Works Two oiêras Oratorio rad Speidel, singer and conductor of the
: ; ;
Missa a cappella ; 3 funeral cantatas ; Many Ulmer Liederkranz, died in 1880), then at
overtures ;
Quartets for strings ; 2 sonatas Munich pupil
of Wiinner and Wilhelm
for pianoforte, and violoncello 3 Kuhe on the pianoforte, and of Ignaz Lach-
violin, ;
fugues for 3 violins, viola, and violoncello ner in composition. He settled in Munich,
;
2 trios for pianoforte and strings Sonatas, and appeared with great success as a virtu-
;
fugues, etc., for pianoforte Many vocal oso in many cities of Germany. In 1854
;
compositions. —
Wurzbach. he became music director at Ulm, and in
SPECTRE'S BRIDE, THE, cantata for 1857 went to Stuttgart as conductor of the
chorus, soli, and orchestra, text by Kai-el Liederkranz, and was one of the founders
Jorimii' Erben, music by Dvofdk, composed of the Conseiwatorium, at which he taught
for and first given at the Birmingham (Eng- until 1874. He then established a piano-
land) Festival, Aug. 27, 1885. The subject forte school of his own, but, on the death of
is the Czech version of the legend related Lebert, re-entered the staff of the Conserva-
in Burger's ballad, " Lenore." This differs torium, with which he united his own school.
from the German story. The maiden is Works Ouvertiii-e und Intermezzo zu KOuig :
first seen mourning the death of her parents Helge Spirit chorus from Faust, for male
;
and praying to the Virgin for the return of chorus with orchestra Wikinger Ausfahrt, ;
her lover, who comes and bids her go with for tenor solo with male chorus and orches-
him. On their weird midnight walk to the ti'a Volkers Schwanenlied, for male chorus
;
churchyard he compels her to throw away, Other choruses for do. Trios for pianoforte ;
one by one, her prayer-book, chaplet, and and strings Sonata for violoncello do. for ; ;
cross. He leaps over the wall, and she violin 2 sonatas, and many other pieces
;
promises to follow but taking fright, en- for pianoforte Songs. Mendel Riemann.
; ; — ;
ters a small house, which proves to be a SPEXGEL, JULIUS (HEINRICH), born

chamel-house, where ghosts and spectres in Hamburg, June 12, 1853, still living,
are dancing, and corpses are lying. She 1890. Instrumental and vocal composer,
prays to the Virgin, the cock crows, and pupil of Voigt on the pianoforte and in
she is saved as morning breaks. The mu- theory, and of H. E. Kayser on the violin
sic is well written and interesting. It con- then at the Cologne Conservatorium, 1867-
tains energetic rhythms, and realistic musi- 68, of Rudorff and von Konigslow, and in
cal symbols, which give character to the Berlin of Rudorff, Joachim, Kiel, and Adolf
melodies. The narrative element is given Schulze. He then returned to Hamburg
to the chorus and baritone solo. The work and studied counterpoint under Griidener,
was weH received. The composer con- and the organ under Ai-mbi-ust. He became
ducted, and the solos were sung by Mme conductor of the Ciicilien-Verein in 1878,
Albani, Joseph Maas, and Charles Santley. vocal instructor at the teachers' seminary in
It was first given in America by the Ai-ion 1884, and organist of St. Gertrude's Church
Club, Providence, Nov. 18, 1885 and by in 1886. Works Symphony in D minor
; :
;
the Philharmonic Society, Bi'ooklyn, March Quintet for pianoforte and strings Sonata ;
20, 1886. Raff's Lenore Symphony is on for violoncello Choruses and songs. Rie- ; —
Blirger's version of this legend. —
Athenfcum mann.
(1885), ii. 311 Neue Zeitschr. (1886), 25
; SPENSER, WILLARD, born of Ameri-
;
Krehbiel, Review (1885-86), 172 Upton, can parentage, at Cooperstown, New York,
;
Standard Cantatas, 130. July 7, 1856, still living, 1890. Dramatic
408
;
;
SPERA
composer, mostly self taught. He began to Naples, 1845 II mantello, Turin, 1846 L'
; ;
compose at an early age and published alloggio militare, opera bufl'a Java, do, ;
waltzes, galops, —
FOtis do., Supplement, ii, 535.
;
romances, etc., SPEYER (Speier), WILHELM, born in

many of which Frankfort, Jimo 21, 1790, died there, April
were popular. In 5, 1878, Violinist, pupil of Neuuinger,
1880-81 he wrote Friiuzl, and Paul Thierrot, and in composi-
"The Little Ty- tion of Andre and Vollweiler ; after study-
coon," a comic ing at the university of Heidelberg, he
operetta on a Jap- travelled, and received instruction in Paris
anese theme, and from Baillot. On returning to Germany
in 1882 copyright- he became a merchant, lived at OfTenbach
ed and published and Frankfort, and devoted his leisure to
the complete composition. He was an intimate friend
score, of which of the Mendelssohn family. Works Three :
35,000 copies have been sold. It was first quartets and a quintet for strings Duets ;
given at the late Temple Theatre, Philadel- for two violins, and violin and flute Part- ;
phia, Jan. 4, 1886, and first in New York, songs for men's voices Many songs. Schil- ; —
at the Standard Theatre, March 29, 1886. ling Mendel Fetis.
; ;
It has since been played in the principal SPIEGELRITTER, DER, Singspiel in

cities of the United States with great suc- three acts, text by Kotzebue, music by Schu-
cess, having had, up to June, 1889, 1,427 bert, composed in 1815. Prince Almador,
representations. Mr. Spenser is now (1890) son of the King of Dummistan, sets forth
engaged upon a new opera. on an adventure, accompanied by Schnmrzo,
SPERA, SI, MIO CARO BENE, soprano the jester. The magician, Burrudusasussi,
aria of Alceste, in F minor, with accompa- gives him a blue shield, bearing the words
niment of violins in unison, and bass, writ- Der Tugend treu, which turns white on the
ten by Handel for Faustina Hasse, to be approach of danger. The music was written
sung in Act I. of his Admeto. Published in 1815, but only fragments have been dis-
also separately, with the accompaniment covered. These are an air for the King,:
filled out by Robert Franz (Lei^jsic, Kist- *' Der Sonnestrahl ist warm " a quintet for ;
ner). Schmurzo and the ladies of the court an ;
SPERAI VICINO IL LIDO, aria for so- air for the Prince, " Ach es ist schOn, fremdo
prano with orchestra, in F, text from Me- Lande zu sehen ;" a duet for the King and
tastasio's Demofoonte, music by IMozart, Queen, " Wohl ist nur halbe Freude " a ;
composed in 1781. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, concerted number with chorus, '' Ein Siun-
—
Mozart Werke, Serie vi., No. 20. Kuchel, bild auf dem blanken Scliild " an air for ;
Verzeichniss, No. 368 Andre, do.. No. 176

; the Prince, " Schweigt, haltet graucs Haar
Jahn, Mozart, iii. 203. in Ehren " an air for the magician, witli
;
SPERANZA, GIOVANNI ANTONIO, chorus, " So nimm, du jungcr Held, den

born at Mantua, Lombardy, in 1812, died at Spiegel im blauen Feld," and the fragment
Milan in 1850. Dramatic composer, pupil of a song for the Prince. The ]MSS, are in
of the Conservatorio San Pietro a Majella, the possession of the Vienna Musikverein.
Naples became insane at Milan. Works
;
: Notliing moreis known of the work. Other
Gianni di Parigi, Naples, 1836 I due Fi-
; operas on this libretto by Ignaz Walter,
garo, Parma, 1840 L' Aretino, Turin, 1840
;
Mannheim, 1793 by ]Mascliek, Prague,
;
II postiglione di Lonjumeau, ib., 1842 Saul,

;
March 7, 1794; byAgthe, BallenstiUlt,
Florence, 1844 Amor a suou di tamburro.
;
1795 ; by Johann Karl ^Mainberger, Nurem-
409
; ;
SPIESS
berg, 1796 and by Hinze, Waldenburg, Friedrich Schneider in Dessau.

; He set-
1797. — Kreisslevon Hellborn (Coleridge), tled in 1841, in Dresden, to teach the pi-
Schubert, i. 76. anoforte and has
SPIESS, MEINRAD, born probably in since been an ex-
Bavaria, about the end of the 17th century, ceedingly produc-
was still living in 1774. Prior of the mon- tive and pojiular
astery of Yrsel, Suabia, and church com- composer. Works:
poser, pupil of Giuseppe Antonio Bernabei. More than 300, in-
Works Antiphonarium Marianum, con-
: cluding 2 sym- :
tinens 26 Antiphonis, etc., for soprano and phonies Unpub- ;
contralto, with 2 violins and organ (Kemp- lished oriental

ten, 1713) Cithara Davidis noviter ani-
; symphony Con- ;
mata, vesper-psalms for 4 voices, and stx-ings, certo for piano-

with organ (Constance, 1717) Philomela forte and orchestra String quartet Piano-
; ; ;
ecclesiastica, motets for solo voices, and 2 forte quartet 4 pianoforte trios 30 sona- ; ;
violins with organ (Augsburg, 1718) Cul- tinas for two hands, and 12 sonatinas for
;
tus latrieutico-musicus, 6 masses and 2 Re- four hands Many brilliant pianoforte ;
quiems, for 4 voices, string instruments, pieces. Mendel Futis do.. Supplement, — ; ;
and organ (Constance, 1719) Laus Dei ii. 535. ;
in Sanctis ejus, oflfertoria for do. (Mindel- SPOFFORTH, REGINALD, born at

heim, 1723) ; Hyperdulia musica, litanies, Southwell, Nottingham, England, in 1768,
for do. (Augsburg, 1726) ; 12 sonatas for 2 died at Kensington, London, Sept. 8, 1827.
violins, double-bass, Glee composer, pupil of his uncle, Thomas
and organ (ib., 1734)
Tractatus musicus compositorio practicus, Spofforth, organist of Exeter Cathedral, and
etc. (ib., 1745).— Fetis Mendel Gerber. of Benjamin Cooke.
; In 1793 he won two
;
SPINDLER, FRANZ STANISLAUS, prizes from the Glee Club for his glees :
born Augsburg, Bavaria, in 1759, died

at See ! from the rosy East, and
smiling
at Strasburg, Sept. 8, 1819. Dramatic Where are those hours? He published
singer and composer, made his debut in about 1799, a set of glees, one of which, Hail
1782, was engaged at Innspruck in 1787, smiling morn, at once caught the public
at Breslau in 1795, and in Vienna in 1797. ear and is still popular. A number of his
He afterwards became Kapellmeister of the MS. glees were published after his death
cathedral at Strasburg. Works : Kain und by W. Hawes. The following are some of
Abel, melodrama
Balders Tod, ojêra
; ; Die his best How calm the evening Kingcup,
: ;
Liebe in der Ukraine, comic opera ; Pir- daffodil, and rose While the madly raging
;
amus und Thisbe, melodrama Der Wan- nations The spinng, the pleasant spring
; ;
dersmann, operetta Reue vor der That, Come bounteous May Health to my dear.
; ;
do. Freitags-Reisen, do.

; Amor und graue Grove Harmonicon (1833), 186.
; — ;
Haare, do., Briinn, 1791 Die vierVorm tin- SPOHR, LOUIS, born at Brunswick,
;
der, Breslau, 1795 Music to Achmed und April 5, 1784, died at Cassel, Nov. 22, 1859.
;
Zenide. —Fetis ; Mendel. Two years after his birth, his father, a phy-
SPINDLER, FRITZ, born moved to Seesen. Louis soon gave
at Wurzbach, sician,
near Lobenstein, Nov. 24, 1817, still living, such convincing signs of extraordinary tal-
1890. Pianist, son of a watch-maker and ent that his parents, both of whom were mu-
amateur musician, pupil of cantor Wilhelm sical, decided that he should be educated to
Joch, on the pianoforte, organ, and violin follow music as a profession. He was sent ;
later renounced the study of theology for to Brunswick to study under Maucourt, an
music, and in 1835 became the pupil of excellent violinist in the Brunswick orches-
410
''
SPOIIR
tra, and made such rapid progress that in strong influence upon German music, being
1796 he played a concerto of his own com- recognized as one of the best conductors.
position before the court. The Duke of He was in great demand for musical fes-
Brunswick took an interest in him, and in tivals, as Ferdinand Hiller was afterwards,
1798 he joined the orchestra. In 1801 he and conducted the following Halberstadt, :
began to take lessons of Franz Eck, then 1828, 1835 Nordhausen, 1829 Norwich ; ;
the most noted violinist in Germany, and (England), 1839 Aix-la-Chapelle, 1840 ; ;
next year he received a pension from the Lucerne, 1841 Brunswick, 1844 Bonn ; ;
Duke, to enable him to accompany Eck to (for the inauguration of the Beethoven
Russia. After eighteen months passed at statue), 1845 Manchester, 1845, etc. In ;
Moscow, he returned to Brunswick, and 1852 he was called to London to superintend

continued his studies until 180-4, when he the mounting of his Faust. His first wife
undertook a professional trip through Sax- died in 1834 his second wife was a pian- ;
ony and Prussia on his own account. His ist of some note.
success was immense, and in 1805 he ac- —
Works I. Oratorios and Cantatas Das :
cepted the post of court Conzertmeister at jiingste Gericht, Erfurt, Jan. 1, 1812 Die ;
Gotha. Soon afterwards he married Doro- letzten Dinge, Cassel, March 24, 182G Des ;
thea Scheidler, then the most famous harp- IJeilands letzte Stunden, ib., April 17, 1835 ;
ist in Germany. In 1807 he made a second Der Fall Babylons, ib., April 9, 1841 Das ;
concert tour, in which his success, especi- befreite Deutschland, dramatic cantata, MS.
ally at Vienna, was such that his reputation n. Operas Die Priifung (written 180G, :
as a violinist became European. In 1813 not given) Alruna (written 1808, id.) Die
; ;
he became Kapellmeister at the Theater an Eulenkonigin (written 1808, id.) Der ;
der Wien, for which he wrote his opera, Zweikampf mit der Geliebten, Hamburg,
Faust. This, however, was not given, and November, 1811 Fauxl, op. 60, Frankfort, ;
it was probably disappointment at this that 1818 Zemire und Azor, ib., April 4, 1819
; ;
caused Spohr to resign his post in 1817. Jessonda, op. 63, Cassel, July 28, 1823 ;
He immediately went to Italy with his wife, Der Benjgeist, op. 73, ib., March 24,
giving concerts with much eclat in Milan, 1825 ; Fietro von Albauo, op. 76, ib., Oct.
Venice (where he played a sinfonia con- 13, 1827; Der Alchymi<t, ib., July 28,
certante of his own 1830 Die Ereutzfahrer, ib., Jan. 1, 1845.
;
with Paganini), in. Church Music Mass for 5 solo voices :
Florence, Rome, and 2 5-part choruses, op. 54 3 Psalms ;
and Naples. On for double chorus and soli, op. 85 Hymn ;
his return to Ger to St. Cecilia, chorus and soprano solo, op.
many, via Switzer- 97 Psalm xxiv., for chorus, soli, and piano-
;
land, in 1818, he forte, op. 97a ; Hymn, *'

Gott, du bist
was made Kapell- gross," for chorus, soli, and orchestra, op.
meister at Frank- 98 Vater unser (Klopstock), op. 104 Do.

; ;
fort - on - the - Main. (Mahlmann), no opus number Psalm ;
In 1819 he visited cxxviii., for chorus, soli, and organ, op.
Paris and London, 122 Psalm

; Ixxxiv. (Milton), for chorus,
his success, especially in the latter city, soli, and orchestra, op. 134.
serving to swell his already great reputation IV. For orchestra 9 Symphonies : : No.
inGermany. In 1822 he settled in Cassel, 1, in E-flat, op. 20 No. ; 2, in D minor, op.
where he was appointed Kapellmeister, and 49 No. 3, in C minor, ;

op. 78 ; No. 4, Dio
which remained his home until his death. Weihe der Time, in F, op. 86 No. 5, in ;
For a long time he continued to exercise a C minor (the Fantasia, op. 99, is used as
411
SPOHE
4ia
;; ;;
SPOIIE
tlio movement), op. 102 No. 6, His- D minor, op. 65 No. 2, in E-flat, op. 77
first ; ;
;
torical symphony, in G, op. IIG No. 7, No. 3, in E minor, op. 87 No. 4, in B-flat, ;
;
Irdisches unci Gottliches im Menschenleben, op. 136 Septet for pianoforte, flute, clar- ;
for 2 orchestras, in C, op. 121 No. 8, in G inet, horn, bassoon, violin, and violoncello,
;
minor, op. 137 No. 9, Die vier Jahreszeiten, op. 147 Sextet for strings, in C, op. 140
;
;
;
in B minor, op. 143. 8 Overtures : No. 1, 7 quintets for strings : Nos. 1 and 2, in E-
in C minor, op. 12 and G, op. 33 No. 3, in B minor, op.
; No. 2, to Die Priifung, flat ;
in D, op. 15a ; 69 No. 4, in G minor, op. 91 No. 5, in G

No. 3, to Ah-una, in E-flat, ; ;
op. 21 To Macbeth, in B minor, op. 75 minor, op. 106 No. 6, in E minor, op. 129
; ;
;
Fantasia on Raupach'a Tochter der Luft, No. 7, in minor, op. 144 ; Quintet for pi- G
in the form of a concert-overture, in C anoforte, flute, clarinet, horn, and bassoon,
minor, op. 99 ; Im ernsten Styl, in D, op. in C minor, op. 52 The same an-auged for ;
126 ; To Das befreite Deutschland ; To Der pianoforte and strings, op. 53 Quintet for ;
Malrose. Notturno for wind and Jani- do., op. 130 ;34 quartets for strings Nos. :
tscharen-Musik, in C, oj). 34 ; Eriunerung 1, 2, in C and G, op. 4 No. 3 (quatuor ;
an Marienbad, waltzes, in A minor, op. 89. brillant), in D minor, op. 11 ; Nos. 4, 5, in

V. For solo instruments with orchestra : C and A, op. 15 ; No. 6, in G
minor, op. 27
Quartet concerto, for 2 violins, viola, and Nos. 7-9, in E-flat, C minor, and F minor,
violoncello, with orchestra, op. 131 ; Con- op. 29 ; No. 10, in A, op. 30 ; No. 11 (qua-
certante No. 1, for 2 violins with orchestra, tuor brillant), in E, op. 43 ; Nos. 12-14, in
in A minor, op. 48 Do., No. 2, for do., ; C, E minor, and F minor, op. 45 ; No. 15
oj). 88 Potpourri on Jessonda, for violin,
; (quatuor brillant), in B minor, op. 61 ; Nos.
and violoncello, with orchestra, in A-flat, 16-18, in E-flat, A minor, and G, op. 58 ;
op. 64. 15 Concertos for violin No. 1, ; No. 19 (quatuor brillant), in A, o\}. 68
in A minor, op. 1 No. 2, in D minor, ; Nos. 20-22, in A minor, B-flat, and D mi-
op. 2 No. 3, in C minor, op. 7 No. 4,
; ; nor, op. 74 Nos. 23-25, in E, G, and A
;
in B minor, op. 10 No. 5, in E-flat, oj). ; minor, op. 82 No. 26 (quatuor briUant), in ;
17 No. 6, in G minor, op. 28

; No. 7, ; E-flat, op. 83 D minor, B- ; Nos. 27-29, in
in E minor, op. 38 No. 8, " In modo ; flat, and A minor, op. 84 No. 30 (quatuor ;
d' una scena cantante," in A minor, op. 47 ;

brillant), in A minor, op. 93 No. 31, in A, ;
No. 9, in D minor, op. 55 No. 10, in A ; op. 132 No. 32, in C, op. 141 No. 33, in
; ;
minor, op. 62 No. 11, in G, op. 70

; No. ; G, op. 146 No. 34, in E-flat, op. 152 Pot-
; ;
12 (Concertino No. 1), in A minor, oj). 79 pourri No. on airs by Dalayrac, for vio-
1,
No. 13 (Concertino No. 2), in E, op. 92 ;

lin, with accompaniment of 2d violin, viola,
No. 14 (Concertino No. 3), " Sonst und and bass, op. 5 Do. No. 2, on themes by ;
jetzt," in A minor, op. 110 No. 15, in E ; Mozart, in B-flat, for do., op. 22 ; Do. No.
minor, op. 128. Grande Polonaise, for 3, on themes by Mozart, for violin, with ac-
violin and orchestra, in A minor, op. 40 companiment of quartet, flute, oboe, clar- ;
Potpourri on Jessonda, for do., in A minor, inet, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, in G, op. 23 Do. ;
op. Q>Q>. 2 Concertos for clarinet No. 1, No. 4, on themes by ]\Iozart, for violin, with :
in C minor, op. 26 No. 2, in E-flat, op. accompaniment of 2d violin, viola, and bass,
;
57. in B, op. 24 Variations No. 1, for do., in ;
VI. Chamber-music Nonet for violin, D, op. 6 Do. No. 2, for do., in A minor,
: ;
viola, violoncello, double-bass, flute, oboe, op. 8 5 trios for pianoforte, violin, and ;
clarinet, bassoon, and horn, in F, op. 31 ;

violoncello : No. 1 (concortant), in E minor,
Octet for violin, 2 violas, violoncello, clar- op. 119 ; No. 2 (concertant), in F, op. 123 ;
inet, 2 horns, and double-bass, in E, op. No. 3 (concertant), in A minor, op. 124;
32 ; 4 double-quartets for strings : No. 1, in No. 4, in B-flat, op. 133 ; No. 5. in minor,
413
;; ;
SPONHOLTZ
op. 142 14 duos concertants, for 2 violins,
;
voices, op. 120, 151 ; Many songs published
op. 3, 9, 39 (D minor, E-flat, E), G7 (A mi- in various collections. Many of Spohr's
nor, D, G minor), 148 (F), 150 (D), 153 (C) works are still in MS. — Louis Spohr's
Grand duo, for violin and viola, op. 13 ;
Selbstbiographie Wigand, 1860-
(Cassel,
Sonata for pianoforte (or harp) and violin, 61 English translation, London, 18G5)
;
in B, op. 16 3 duos concertants for piano-

; A. Malibran, Louis Spohr, sein Leben und
forte and violin No. 1, in G minor, op. 95 :
;
Wirken (Frankfort, Sauerlander, 18G0)
No. 2, in F, op. 9G No. 3, in E, op. 112 ; ;
— Grove Fctis do., Suppk'ment Mendel.
; ; ;
Introduction and rondo, for do., in E, op. SPONHOLTZ, ADOLF HEINEICH,

46 ; Grand rondo for do., op. 51 ; Kondo born at Rostock, Mecklenburg, March 12,
alia spagnuola, for do., in C, op. Ill ;
1803, died there in 1851. Organist and
" Elegiscli und liumoristicb ;
" G duettinos pianist, attracted attention by his playing in
for do., op. 127 ; G Salonstiicke for do., op. concerts, when a mere boy, but was obliged
135 ; 6 do. for do., op. 145 ; Potpourri for to study theology, and had already preached
do. (after op. 24), op. 42 ; Do. on airs from often when ho suddenly devoted himself
Die Zauberilote, in F-sliarp minor, op. 50 entirely to music. He became organist of
Do. on airs from Das unterbrochene Opfer- St. Mary's in his native city. Works Sym- :
fest, op. 5G Fantasia for do., on airs from phonies, and other compositions for orches-
;
Der Alcbymist, op. 117 Do. for do. (or tra Motets Pianoforte music
; Songs. ; ; ;
barp and violin), on airs by Handel and Schilling, Supplement, 405. —

Abt Vogler, op. 118; 3 sonates concertantes SPONTINI, GASPARO (LUIGI PACI-
for barp and violin in E-flat, op. 113 in FICO), conte di
: ;
E-flat, op. 114 in A-flat, op. 115 36 violin Sant*

;
Andrea, ;
studies by Fiorillo, with 2d violin part added born at Majolati,

Violinscbule Sonata for pianoforte solo, in in the Marches of
;
125 Eondoletto for do., in G, op. Ancona, Nov. 14,

A-flat, op. ;
149 Potpourri for clarinet, in F, op. 80 ; 1774, died there,

;
Fantasia and variations for do., in B-flat, Jan. 24, 185L

op. 81 Fantasia for barp, in A-flat, op. 35
; His parents were ;
Variations for do., in F, op. 36. peasants, and

Vn. Songs and Part-songs Scena and three of his broth- :
aria for soprano, witb orcbestra, op. 71 ers entered the

Bass air from Das befreite Deutscbland, priesthood, for
which he him-
self was also destined. His bent for
(^/^-^r:;^î_-^ music showed itself early, but met with
0-<A>U^
no encouragement, and he ran away from
with do.; Song from the play Der Matrose, his uncle's house in Jesi, whither he had been
with do.; 53 songs with pianoforte, in 9 sent to be educated, to that of another rel-
books, op. 25, 37, 41, 72, 94, 101, 103 (with ative in Monte San Vito, who had him take
clarinet obligato), 105, 139 6 songs for music lessons from one Quintiliani. But
;
baritone, with violin obligato, op. 154 An the uncle at Jesi was soon prevailed upon ;
sie am Clavier, ad ^^
to take him back and have him taught by
Bonatinaforpiano-
C^(^q/Z,,^^
local musicians. In 1791 he entered the
forte and voice 3 ;
^ —
^^ Conservatorio della Pieta de' Turchini in
duets for soprano and tenor, op. 107 3 do. Naples, where he studied counterpoint and ;
for 2 soprani, op. 108 12 4-part songs for composition under Sala and Tritto, and
;
male voices, op. 44, 90 12 do. for mixed singing under Tarantiuo, or, according to
;
411
SPOXTIXI
Florimo, Salieri. Iii 1796 he left the Cou- Shortly before its production, Spontini had
servatorio secretly to write bis first opera, I accepted the offer of the post of court com-
puntigli delle donne, for the Argentina, in poser and general music director from
Rome the result was so successful that, on Friediich "Wilhelm III., of Prussia, and in
;
his return to the Couservatorio, Piccinni the spring of 1820 he moved to Berlin,
took him under his own cai-e, and gave him where he began a
brilliant career with some
instruction in dramatic composition. After superb performances of Cortez. But, with
writing several operas for Rome, Florence, all the admiration his genius excited, and
and Naples, he was called in 1800 to the in spite of his recognized ability as a con-
court at Palermo, but soon left there for ductor, it gradually became evident that
Marseilles and, in 1803, for Paris, where there were traits in his character which un-
he began with giving music lessons. His fitted him for his post. He was immeasur-
Finta filosofa had a moderate success at ably fond of power, and both incautious
the Italiens, but his next opera, La petite and overbearing in his exercise of it he ;
maison, was hissed off the stage. In the came continually into conflict with other
same year, 1804, the tide of fortune turned, officials, fi-om whom he would brook no
and Jouy gave him his rejected libretto of opposition, and his ill-concealed jealousy of
La vestale to set to music for the Opera. Weber served to arouse considerable pop-
But, before entering upon so important a ular feeHng against him. At length, in
task, Spontini first wrote Milton for the Fey- 1841, he was dismissed from his post, al-
deau, a work inwhich a decided change though allowed to retain the title and the
from his earlier light Italian style is notice-
salary. In 1842 he returned to Paris, where
able. He was appointed chamber-composer he passed most of the remainder of his life
to the Empress Josephine, and his favor at in leisurely retirement, for he never could
court was further increased by his cantata, bring himself to compose after the blow his
L' eccelsa gara, in honour of the battle of self-love had received in Berlin. He died
Austerlitz. In 1807 La vestale was brought in his native town, on a trip he had taken to
out at the Opera, after much opposition and Italy for his health. During the last few
delay, occasioned in part by the difficulty years of his life he suffered much from hy-
Spontini experienced in writing in the more pochondria, deafness, and loss of memory.
elaborate and highly dramatic style of the He was given the degree of Doctor by the
French lyric tragedy. The work was a University of Halle, and elected to the
splendid success, and jolaced him at once Berlin Academy in 1833, and the French
upon the pinnacle of fame. Equally suc- Academie in 1839 was Knight of the ;
cessful was his Fernand Coi'tez in 1809. Prussian Order of Merit and many other
Shortly after its production, he married the orders and in 1844 was raised by the Pope
;
daughter of Jean Bajitiste l^rard. In 1810 to the rank and title of Conte di Saut' An-
he was made director of the Theatre des drea. Spontini may be looked upon as the
Italiens, where, among other works, he greatest figure in the history of French
brought out Mozart's Don Giovanni in its tragic opera, between Gluck and Meyerbeer.
original shape for the first time in Paris. The practical labour of composition gave
Pecuniary brought about his him much trouble he wrote with almost
difficulties ;
dismissal in 1812, and in 181-4 Louis XVIH. unexampled slowness and difficulty, and
appointed him his court composer, with a was a poor score-reader. Ho has been
pension of 2,000 francs. Some occasional charged with a lack of poetic imaginative-
operas, written to glorify the Restoration, ness, but in melodic invention and dramatic
were followed in 1819 by Olympie, which, power he has had few superiors. Hia
however, only had a succes d'estime. handling of the orchestra is original, and
416
;; ;;
SPOXTONE
Lis orchestration notable for its generally with tableaux vivants, ib., at court, Jan. 27,
sombre colouring. 1821 for the coronation of Emperor ; Hymn
Works — I. Operas : I puntigli delle don- Nicholas of Russia, ib., Dec. 18, 1826 ; Gott
ne, Rome, Teatro Argentina, 1796 L' erois- segne den KOnig, cantata, Halle Musical
;
mo ridicolo, Eome, 1797 II finto pittore, Festival, 1829 Domine salvum fac regem,
; ;
ib., 1798 ; Teseo riconosciuto, Florence, 12 voc. with organ, trumpets, violoncelli,
1798 L' uola disabitata, ib., 1798 Chi piti
; and double-basses, Berlin, Oct. 15, 1840
; ;
guarda meno vecle, ib., 1798 Berenice, Na- French, Italian, and German songs with
;
ples, 1798 La fuga in maschera, ib., 1799

; pianoforte. Grove, iii. 665 Louis de Lo-
;
— ;
L' amore segi*eto, ib., 1799 La finta filo- meuie, M. Spontini, par un homme de rien
;
sofa, ib., 1799 I quadri parlanti, Palermo,

; (Paris, 1841) E. M. Oettinger, Spontini ;
1800; Sofronia e Olindo, ib., 1800; Gli (Leipsic, 1843); Elogio da G. . . .
EUsi delusi, ib., 1800 Gli amanti in ci- Ignazio

; Montanari (Ancona, 1851) Raoul- ;
mento, ossia il geloso audace, Rome, 1801 Rochette, Notice historique sur la vie et les
La principessa d' Amalfi, Venice, 1802 Le ouvrages de M. Spontini (Paris, 1852) Fe-; ;
metamorfosi di Pasquale, ib., 1802 La pe- tis do., Supplement Wagner, Erinnerun-
; ; ;
tite maison, Paris, Opera Comique, May, gen an Spontini, Ges. Schriflft. und Dicht.,
12, 1804 Milton, ib., ib., Nov. 27, 1804

; V. 116.
Julie, ou le pot de fleurs, ib., ib., March SPONTONE, BARTOLOMEO, born in

12, 1805 La vestale, ib., Academie Impe- Bologna, about 1529, died (?)
;
Madi'igal
riale de Musique, Dec. 11, 1807 Fernand composer, studied counterpoint under Nicolo
;
Cortez, ou la conquete du Mexique, ib., ib., Mantovani, afterwards in Rome under Jaco-
Nov. 28, 1809, and in a remodelled version. po da Ponte, and Morales. On his return to
May 28, 1817 Pelage, ou le roi et la paix, Bologna he became a singer at S. Petronio
;
ib., ib., Aug. 23, 1814 Les dieux rivaux, in 1551, and was maestro di cappella of that
;
ou les fetes de Cythere (with Berton, Kreut- church in 1577-83. He held the same posi-
zer, and Persuis), ib., ib., June 21, 1816 tion at the cathedral of Verona in 1588.
Objnvpie, ib., ib., Dec. 20, 1819 Nurmahal, Works Three sets of madrigals for 4 and
; :
Oder das Roseuiest zu Kaschmir, Berlin, for 5 voices (Venice, 1558, 1567, 1583) 1 ;
May 27, 1822 Alcidor (MS.), ib.. May 23, book of masses (Venice, 1588). His compo-
;
1825 Agnes von Hohenstaufen, Act I., ib.. sitions are found in the following collections
;
May 28, 1827, the whole opera, June 12, of madrigals I dolci Frutti (Venice, 1570) :
1829, and in a remodelled version, Dec. 6, Musica di XHI autori illustri (ib., 1576)
1837 Das verlorene Paradies (unfinished II primo fiore della Ghirlanda musicale (ib.,
;
MS., written 1838-40). 1577) II Lauro secco (ib., 1577); II Gaudio ;
EL Other works L' eccelsa gara, cantata, (ib., 1556)

: Spoglia amorosa (ib., 1592) ;
;
Paris, Feb. 8, 1806 ; Sensations douces, me- De' floridi virtuosi d' Italia (ib., 1586) ;
lancoliques et douloureuses, 6 songs with Symphonica Angelica (Waelrant, Antwerp,

harp (Paris, 1805-09) ; Prussian national 1594) Madrigali pastorali ; (ib., 1604).
Cipriano di Rore printed a Dialogo a 7 by
him in 1568. A fine 4-i)art madrigal, The
Joyous Birds, isgiven by Hullah in Part
Music. — Fetis, Supplement, ii. 537 Gas- ;
^//iianMyU^ pari, Memorie risguardanti la storia dell'

arte musicale in Bologna al xvi. secolo.
SPOSA DEI SAGRI CANTICI, LA, ora-

hymn, " Wo ist das Volk," Berlin, Oct. 18, torio by Alessandro Scarlatti, first per-
1818 (Schlesinger) ; Lalla Rukh, Festspiel formed in Naples in 1710.
416
;
SPOSO
SPOSO DELUSO, LO (The Deluded SPRING SY:\IPH0NY, in A, by John
Bridegroom), ossia la rivalitu di tro douuc Knowles Paine, op. 34, first performed in
per un solo amaute, Italian opera bufta in Cambridge, Massachusetts, :SIarch, 1880.
two acts, music by Mozart, written in 1784. It isthe composer's second symphony, and
The author of the libretto is unknown, was written in 1879-80. I. Introduction.
and Mozart's work was left unfinished. Adagio sostenuto (The Departure of Win-
It supposed to be composed for the ter) Allegro ma non troppo (The Awaken-
is ;
text by Cavaliere Palo, and given in iug of Nature) II. Scherzo, Allegro (May
set ;
Padua in 1787. The text-book bears the Night Fantasy) m. Adagio (A Romance ;
names in Mozart's handwriting of the of Spring-time) IV. Allegro giojoso (The ;
singers expected to appear in the original Glory of Nature). It was conducted by

cast. These are Bocconio, a wealthy and the composer at a Brooklyn (N. Y.) Phil-
:
foolish man, Signor Benucci Eugenia, a harmonic Concert, 1883

;
and in Boston, ;
noble Roman woman, betrothed to Boc- 1884. Full score and pianoforte arrange-
conio, but formerly to Don Asdrubale, whom ment for four hands published by Schmidt
she still loves, Signora Fischer Don Asdru- & Cranz (Hambiu'g).
; Upton, Standard —
bale, an officer of Tuscany and lover of Symphonies, 201.
Eugenia, Signor Mandini Bettina, niece SPRUCHE (Proverbs or Sentences), sung
;
of Bocconio, enamoured of Don Asdrubale, in the Berlin Cathedral after the reading
Signora Cavalieri ; Pulcherio, a woman- of the Epistle set for that church by
;
hater, and a friend Bocconio,

Signor Mendelssohn, op. 79. They are for eight-
of
Bussani Gervasio, Eugenia's tutor, Signor part chorus. I. Weihnachteu (Christmas),
;
Pugnetti and Metilde, virtuoso of singing Allegi-o moderato (1845) II. Am Neujahrs-
; ;
and dancing, enamoured of Don Asdrubale, tage (New Year's Day), Andante (1843)
Signora Teyber. The opera opens with in. Am Himmelfahrtstage (Ascension Day),
preparations for the wedding of Bocconio Allegro maestoso e moderato (1845) IV. ;
with Eugenia. His friends jeer at him, and In der Passiouszeit (Passion "Week), Adagio
while he defending himself the bride is
is (1845) ; V. Im Advent (Advent), Andante
announced. Pulcherio endeavours to estab- (184G) ; Am Charfreitage (Good Friday),
lish more regard between the betrothed Sostenuto e grave (1844). Posthumous
couple, calling Eugenia's attention to Boc- Work No. 7. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Men-
conio's amiability and his to Eugenia's delssohn Wêrke, Serie xiv., No. 109.
beauty. Don Asdrubale, Eugenia's former STABAT MATER (The Lamentation of
lover, whom she believes to have fallen in the Blessed Virgin Mary), a sequence sung
battle, comes to greet the bride. He is on in the Roman Catholic Church between the
his way to Romeand is startled Epistle and the Gospel at High Mass on
to wed her,
to find that she is about to marry another. the Friday of Passion Week, and the third
The unfinished work ends here with a ter- Sunday in September. It is also sung in
zet, expressing the confusion and embar- the Sistine Chapel as an Oft'ertorium ou the
rassment of Eugenia, Bocconio, and Don Thursday in Holy Week. Tlic poem, one
Asdrubale. The autograph is in tlie pos- of the finest examples of media-val Latin.
session of Andre, Offenbach-on-the-Maiu, was written by Jacobus de Bcncdictis
who has published a pianoforte score towards the end of the 13th century.
(Ofi'enbach, 1855). Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Several readings of it are extant, and there
Mozart Werke, Serie No. 38 (Supple-
v., melody
are four versions of its plain-chaunt ;
ment). — Kuchel, Verzeichniss, No, 430 two in the first

;
]\[ode (in the Rati.sbon edi-
Jahn, Mozart, iv. 172 do. (Towuseud), tions of the Gradual and the Vespcral)
;
;
iii. 59. one in the fourtli Mode (in the ^lecliliu

417
STABAT
Office-Books), and one that was sung in accompaniment of two violins, viola, bass,
the 15th century to a Melody known as and organ, was written at the request of the
" Comme feme " in the thirteenth Mode, Confraternity of San Luigi di Palazzo of
The earliest setting of the Stabat Mater is Naples. It was Pergolesi's last work, and
by Josquiu Despres, one of the most in- one of his most widely known compositions.
genious works of this composer. It is It was published by Bonjour (Paris) by ;
written in the thirteenth Mode transjôsed. Porro (ib.) an edition with Paisiello's ad-
;
The cantus firmus sung by the tenor, ac-

is dition of wind instruments (ib.) five differ- ;
companied by four
in elaborate couuterijoint ent editions with pianoforte accompaniment
other voices. This was sung by the Gluck (ib.) ; by Carnaud (Lyons) two German edi- ;
Society, London, May 24, 1S81. It was tions with German words, one in full score
first printed in Petrucci's "Motetti della by Schwickert (Leipsic) the other with pi-
;
Corona," Lib. iii., No. 6 (Fossombrone, anoforte, by Christiani (Hamburg) edition ;
1519) and published by Choron (Pai'is).

;
with instrumentation by A. Lvoff (Schlesing-
Palestrina left two settings of the Stabat er, St. Petersburg, 1834 Berlin, 1840) and
; ;
Mater one for a double-chorus of eight

: an edition by Hullah (London). Hiller
voices, which has been sung for many years adapted Klopstock's Passion to the music
in the Sistine Chapel on the Thursday of of this work arranged for four voices, with
Holy Week. This was first printed in addition of flutes and oboes. Steffaui wrote
Burney's "La Musica della Settimaua San- a fine Stabat Mater for two soprani, two
ta " by Choron (Paris)
; in Alfieri's "Eac-
; tenors, one alto, and one bass, with ac-
colta di Musica Sacra " (vol. vi., Rome, companiment of two violins, three violas,
1845) by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Palestrina
; bass, and organ, which he presented to the
Werke (vol. vii.), and revised edition with in- Academy of Antient Musick, London, in
troduction of solo voices, by Eichard Wag- 1724, on his election as honorary president
ner (1877). The other, for twelve voices for life. A Stabat Mater in C minor, by
in three choirs, which Ambi'os accords Clari, is in the Royal Library of Copen-
to Felice Anerio on the authority of an hagen, and was published in Novello's edi-
entry in the catalogue of the Altaemps- tion of the Fitzwilliam MSS. of Cambridge.
Ottoboni collection in the library of the Other important settings of the Stabat
CollegioRomano, is proved to be by Pales- Mater include one for two voices, and one
trina,and was first printed in Alfieri's for four voices, by Alessandro Scarlatti
"Raccolta di Musica Sacra " (vol. vii., Rome, (Rome, 1713) one by Haydn, for four
;
184G) also by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Pales-

; voices and orchestra, composed about 1771.
trina Werke, vol. vii. Astorga's Stabat Published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
Mater, for four voices with orchestra, was 1831) pianoforte arrangement by C. Zuleh-
;
probably composed for the Society of Au- ner (Simrock, Bonn, 1831) one by Padre ;
tient Musick of London, and it was per- Vito (1783) one for three voices, by Pietro
;
formed at Oxford in 1713. Copies of the Raimondi one by Gesualdo Lanza one
; ;
score are in the British ^Museum and the by Angelo Inzenga and one by the Che-
;
libraries of Berlin and Vienna. Haupt- valier Neukomm. Rossini's Stabat Mater,
mann considered this Stabat Mater su- for soli, chorus, and orchestra, first per-
perior to Pergolesi's. The score was pub- formed in public at the Salle Ventadour,
lished by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, Paris, Jan. 7, 1842, with Grisi, Albertazzi,
1879) by Peters (ib.)
; and an edition ; Mario, and Tamljurini, is his most cele-
with additional accompaniments, by Robert brated sacred composition. It was written
Franz (Leuckart, Breslau). Pergolesi's Sta- in 1832 at the request of his friend Aguado,
bat Mater, for soprano and contralto with who wished him to compose a sacred work
418
; ;;
STABILE
for the Spanish minister, Don Yalera. Ros- (1883), i. 353 ; Upton, Standard Oratorios,
sinibecame ill, and Tadolini wrote the last 90, 253.
four numbers of this composition, which STABILE, iVNNIBALE, born in the first
was dedicated to Valera with a stipulation half of the 16th in Rome,
century, died
that it should remain in his possession. probably in 1595. Church composer, pupil
After Valera's death, his heirs sold the MS. of Palestriua, became maestro di cappella
to a publisher in Paris. then at
S. Giovanni in Laterano, in 1575, at the
Kossini
claimed the copyright, and gained his suit church of the German college, and at S.
at law. He composed four new numbers Apollinaris in 1576, and at Santa Maria
to replace those by Tadolini, and sold the Maggiore in 1592. Works : Three books
work Troupenas for 60,000 francs. Ros-
to of motets, for 5-8 voices (Venice, 1584,
sini's Stabat Mater has been censured as 1585, 1589) ; 3 books of madrigals, fur 5
being too operatic in style for church mu- voices (ib., 1572, 1584, 1585) 2 books of ;
sic, but it is, nevertheless, one of the most Sacrse modulationes, for 5-8 voices (ib.,
popular of short sacred compositions, ow- 1586) Litanies for 4 voices (ib., 1592)
;
ing to its melody and graceful fioriture. other works in Gardano's Dolci afletti
It wâs first sung in the vsalon of Henri (1568), and Trionfo di Dori (1596), in Pha-
Herz, in Paris, Oct. 31, 1841. Theodore lese's Lauro verde (Antwerp, 1591), Har-
Labarre played the pianoforte accompani- monia celeste (ib., 1593), and Paradiso
ment, and the solos were sung by Mme musicale (ib., 1596). Fetis Mendel Ric- — ; ;
Viardot-Garcia, Mme Labarre, Alexis Du- mann.

pont, and Geraldy, under the direction of STABINGHER (properly Stabinger),
M. Girard. and ]\1ATTIA, born in Germany, about 1750,
It Avas first given in Berlin
London in 1842 in Rome in 1843 by died in Venice, about 1815. Virtuoso on
; ;
the Handel and Haydn Society, Boston, the flute, appeared in Paris, in 1775, went
Feb. 26, 1843 first in New York in 1848, to Mian in 1778, to Florence in 1784, and
;
and by the Oratorio Society of New York afterwards settled in Venice. Works— Bal-
in 1878. The duet " Quis est homo " was lets Calipso abbandonata, Milan, 1779 La
: ;
sung by Patti and Alboni, at Rossini's sconfitta delle Amazzoni, Le av venture d'
funeral in the Church of the Trinity, Paris, Ircana, ib. La morte d' Ai-rigo, Bologna,
;
Nov. 21, 1868. The score was published 1784 L' astuzia di Bettina, opera buffa,
;
by Schott (Mainz, 1842) by Ricordi (Mil- ; Florence, 1784. 6 quatuors concertants for
an, 1843) and by Novello (London). The
; flute and strings (Venice, 1792) Sextuora ;
last setting of importance is by Antonm concertants for do. and 2 horns (ib., 1792)
Dvorak, for soli, chorus, and orchestra, first 12 duos for flutes 6 sonatas for 2 flutes ;
performed by the London Musical Soci- and bass. — Fc'tis ; Mendel.

ety, March, 1883. It was written in 1875, STADE, HEINRICH BERNHARD, born
and its merit recognized by Brahms and at Ettischleben, near Arnstadt, Schwarz-
Joachim, the latter of whom secured its burg-Sondershausen, May 2, 1816, died nt
performance in London. It was subse- Arnstadt, May 29, 1882. Organist, made
quently given at the Worcester and Here- concert tours in Germany and won ap-
ford (Festivals).— Grove, ii. 687 iii. 683, plause especially for his playing of Bach's
;
699 Pohl, Haydn, ii. 65

; Chrysander, works he became city cantor ami organist
;
;
Handel, i.Ambros, v. 61 Waldersee, at Arnstadt, and deserves well for tlic re-
130 ; ;
Intni face's
Mus. Vortriige, ii. 166 Edwards, Rossini, storation of the organ in St.
;
253 Allgem. mus. there, on which Bach liad played during

332 Escudier, do.,
; ;
Zeitg., i. 204 xxxiii. 165 xxxiv. 469

;
his first office in 1703-7.
;
Works Sonntn, :
xxxvi. 5 xlii. 783

;
xliv. 281 Athenajum and other detached pieces for organ Dcr
; ;
;
41 u
;
STADE
•wohlvorbereitete Organist, ein Priiluclien- 1646) ; Kirchen-Musik geistlicher Gesiing
Choral- und Postludieubuch, 2 parts (Son- und Psalmen, 2 parts (ib., 1625, 1626) ;
dersbausen). —
Meudel Riemann. Opusculum novum von Pavanen, etc. (ib.,
;
STADE, (FRIEDRICH) WILHELM, 1625) Prima vox harmonia) nov£ie sacra- ;
born at Halle in 1817, still living, 1890. rum cantionum, etc. (ib., 1628) ; Musical-
Organist, pupil of Schneider at Dessau ischer Freuden- und Andachtswecker (ib.,
was for a time Kapellmeister of Beetli- 1630) Hertzentrosts-Musica

; geistlicher
mann's dramatic company, wliich j^layed Meditationen (ib., 1630) Hertzens Andach- ;
alternately at Halle and Dessau, then be- ten geistlicher Gesiingleiu (ib., 1631) ;
came music director at the University of Harmoni.ie variata; sacrarum cantionum (ib.,
Jena, and in 18G0 Court organist, and 1632) Geistlicher Musikklang, etc. (ib., ;
Kapellmeister at Altenburg. Works Fes- 1633) Johannis Staden oj)erum musicorum : ;
tival cantatas ; Overture to Scbillei-'s Braut posthumorum (ib., 1643). —Monatshefte f.
von Messina Symphonies ; ; Psalms ; Or- Musik-Gesch., xv. 101, 107, 119.
gan and pianoforte music ; Songs. —Men- STADEN, SIGISMUND GOTTLIEB
del ; liiemann. (Theophilus), born at Nuremberg in 1607,
STADEX, J OH ANN, born at Nurem- died there in 1655. Organist, son and pu-
berg, about pil of he succeeded in
the preceding, whom
15 7 9, died ofiice at St. is the composer
Sebaldus. He
there, buried of the oldest extant German musical drama.
Nov. 15, 1634. Works Das geistliche Waldgedicht oder
:
Organist, at Freudenspiel, genannt Seelewig, Nuremberg,

first in Bay- 1644 Seelen-Musik trostreicher Lieder
;
reuth at the (Nuremberg, 1644) Der siebeu Tugendeii ;
court of the Planeten-Tone oder Stimmen, ein Aufzug

margrave Chris- (ib., 1645) Unterschiedlicher Poeten mu-
;
tian, then lived sikalische Friedensgesange (ib., 1651). He

at Kulmbach until 1610, then at Bayreuth, also edited Hassler's Kirchengesiinge, Psal-
and in 1616 returned to his native city, men und geistliche Lieder, auf die gemei-
where he became organist at St. Lorenz, nen Melodeyen, vermehrt mit 18 Liedern
and in 1620 at St. Sebaldus. Works Newe : von Joh. Staden, S. G. Staden und zwei
teutsche Lieder, nach Art der Villanellen, Unbekannten (ib., 1637). Harsdorffer, —
etc. (Nuremberg, 1606) Newe teutsche ; Frauenzimmergespriichspiele (Nuremberg,
geistliche Gesiinge, etc. (ib., 1609) ; Newe 1644) Monatshefte f. Musik-Gesch., xiii.
;
teutsche Lieder, sampt etlichen Galliarden, 53 Reissmann, Allgem. Gesch. d. Mus.,

;
etc. (ib., 1609) Venus-Kriintzlein newer

; ii. 159.
musikalischer Gesiing, etc. (Jena, 1610) ;
STADLER, Abt MAXUVHLIAN, born at
Fragment eines Festgesanges (Nuremberg, Melk, Nether Austria, Aug. 7, 1748, died
1615) Harmonise sacrse pro festis praci- in Vienna, Nov. 8, 1833.
; Church com-
puis totius anni, etc. (ib., 1616) Newe poser and writer on music, chorister in the
;
Pavanen, Galliarden, etc. (ib., 1618) ; Mag- monastery of Lilienfeld, when ten years
nificat (with Valentin Dretzl) for new year's old ; studied in the Jesuit College at Vi-
day (ib., 1620) ; Harmoniarum sacrarum
enna, where he was organist. In 1766 he
continuatio Plausus Noricus entered the Benedictine Abbey at Melk,
(ib., 1621) ;
(ib., 1622) Drei christliche Bet-Gesiing, was ordained priest in 1772, and became
;
etc. (ib., 1622) Harmonicae meditationes professor of theology in 1775

; was ap- ;
animre (ib., 1622) Haus-Musik geistlicher pointed abbot of Lilienfeld in 1786, and of
;
Gesiing, etc. (ib., 1623, 1624, 1628 (3), Kremsmiiuster in 1789. He then lived at
420
;; —
STADLMAYER
Linz, 1791-96, then in Vienna, and after instrumentis 1619);
Miserere mei
(ib.,
officiating as parish priest at Alt-Lerchen- I
Deus, 4-8 voc. Odte sacrfe Jesu

(ib., 1621) ;
feld 1803-10, and at Bohmisch-Kraut Christo, etc.,

in a quinque vocibus (Innspruck,
I
in 1810-16, returned to Vienna. Mozart 1638) Salmi a due e tre voci con
due vio- 1 ;
and Haydn were among his musical frieuds, lini o cornetti (ib., 1640) Misste breves
a 4 ;
and, at the request of the former's widow, cum una pro defuuctis et alia
5 voc. con-
he put that composer's musical bequest certata) (ib., 1641, 1660) Psalmi vespertini ;
in order. Works Music to Collin's tragedy omnes cum Magnificat, etc.

:
P.salmi integri ;
Polyxena, Vienna, 1811 Die Befreiung a quatuor vocibus, etc. (ib., 1041) Psalmis
;
;
von Jerusalem, 1829 1816,

L. Davidis modis musicis conjpositus, 4-8
ib., Ziirich, ;
Seladon, cantata (about 1766) Funeral vocibus, etc. (ib., 1646).— Fc'tis Mendel ;
;
;
cantata, 1767 Das Gewitter, cantata Die Riemann.

; ;
Friihlingsfeier, do., Vienna, 1816 Missa STADTFELDT, (CHRISTUN JOSEPH ;
solemnis, with full orchestra Requiem, FRANZ) ALEXANDER, born at Wies- ;
do. ; Psalm cxi., do. ; Gott, hymn with baden, April 27, 1826, died at Brussels,
do. ; and graduals, with do. Nov. 4, 1853. Pianist, son of a militaiy
Offertories, ;
Other masses, Requiems, Te Deum, etc., band-master played in concerts at the age ;
with organ Sonatas and fugues, for piano- of nine.

; On receiving a stipend from the
forte and organ Concerto for violoncello King of Belgium he became a pupil at the
;
3 quartets for strings; 6 trios for do., etc. Brussels Conservatoire, won fir.st prizes
He Vertheidiguug der Echtheit
published : and harmony, and studied
for pianoforte
des Mozart'schen Requiems (Vienna, 1826), counteqwint under Fc-tis, winning in 1849
and Nachtrag to do. (ib., 1827). Fetis — the grand prix for composition. He then
Mendel N. Necrol. der D. (1833), 736
; went to Paris, and was preparing to bring
;
Oesterr. Revue (Vienna, 1861), iv. 173, 185, out a grand opera, when ill health com-
187, 192 ; V. 154 ; Pictznigg, Mittheilungen pelled his return to Brussels. Works-
aus Wien (Vienna, 1833), 111, 150 ; Schill- Operas Abu
Hassan, about 1850 Hamlet,
:
;
ing ; Wurzbach. given at Darmstadt, 1857, and at Weimar,

STADLMAYER (Stadlmair, Stadelmey- 1882 L'illusion La Pedrina, not given ; ;
;
er), JOHANN,
born at Freising, Bavaria, Le dernier jour de Marino Faliero, lyric
about 1560, died at Innspruck (?), after 1646. scene La vendetta, cantata Le souge du ; ;
Church composer, at first in the service of jeune Scipion, do. ; La dccouverte do

Ai'chduke Maximilian of Austria, at Gratz, TAmerique, overture Concert overture 4 ; ;
Styria, then Kapellmeister to Emi:)eror Ru- symphonies 2 concertinos for pianoforte ;
dolph n. in Prague, and later to the Arch- and orchestra Hymn for chorus and or-
;
duchess Claudia, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, chestra Mass with orchestra Te Deum,
; ;
at Innspruck. Works Missrc octo vocum : do. ; Other church music, with organ ;
(Prague, 1593) do. (Augsburg, 1596) do., ; ; Quartet for strings ; Trio for pianoforte,
with continue (ib., 1610) Sacrum Beatis- ;
oboe, and bassoon Choruses for
; male
sima3 Virginis Maria; canticum (^luuich, voices. — Fc'tis ; Mendel.
1603) Super Magnificat symphonito varia)
; STAFFA, II baronc GIUSEPPE, born at
(Innsbruck, 1614) Musica super cautum ; Naples in December, 1807, died there. May
gregorianum seu missal sex vocum, with 18, 1877. Amateur dramatic conipo.ser,
continuo (Augsburg, 1612) Missic concer- ; pupil of Franceso Kuggi and of Giaoomo
tata3, 10 et 12 vocum in 2 chori distributa; Tritto. Member of the Naj)los Academy,
(ib., 1616) ; Hymni vespertini cum 5 voc. l)residcnt of its musical section. Works
et instrumentis (ib., 1617) Apparatus nui- Operas
; Priamo alia tenda di .\cliillo, :
sicus sacrarum cantiouem, 6-24 voc. et Naples, 1828 Frauccsca da Kim in ib., ;
i,
421
;
STAHLKNECHT
1831 ; Un matrimoDio per ragione, ib., as organist to the university. In 1872 he
1835 ; La battaglia di Navarrino, ib., 1837 succeeded Sir John Goss as organist of St.
;
La zingara, 1845 II merciajuolo am- Paul's Cathedral, London, which position

ib., ;
bulaute, ib., 1846 Alceste, ib., 1851.

; Mass he resigned in 1888 on account of failing
for chorus and orchestra. Treatise on har- eyesight and in 1889 he was elected pro- ;
—
mony do. on composition. Fetis, Supple- fessor of music at Oxford. He is also a
;
ment, ii. 539. member of the Royal Academy of Music, a

STAHLKNECHT, ADOLF, born at War- fellow of the Tonic Sol-fa Association, an
saw, June 18, 1813, died in Berlin, June 24, examiner for degrees for several universi-
1887. Violinist, pupil of Luge at Breslau, ties, an ex-principal of the National Train-
and of Miihlenbruck and Saint-Lubiu in ing School, organist of the Albert Hall, and
Berlin, made extensive concert tours with since 1882 has been government inspector
his brother Julius, and in 1844 established of music in elementary schools in succession
trio evenings with him and the pianist to Dr. Hullah. B.A., Oxford, 1863 Mus. ;
Steifensand, whose place was taken later Doc, ib., 1865 M.A., ib., 1866 Legion of ; ;
by Loschhorn. Works Casimir, KOnig Honour, 1880 Hon. Mus. Doc, Durham,
: ;
von Polen, opera 2 masses 2 psalms

; 1885; Knighted, 1888. Works: Gideon,
; ;
Liturgical songs for the Berlin cathedral oratorio The Crucifixion, do., 1887 The ; ;
choir 7 symphonies 36 entr'actes

;
Quin- Daughter of Jairus, cantata, Worcester Fes-
; ;
tets 25 quartets
; 5 trios Fugues Songs. tival, 1878 Saint Mary Magdalen, cantata,
; ; ; ;
His brother Julius (born at Posen, March Gloucester Festival, 1883 Church Services ;
17, 1817), is a violoncellist, pupil of Drews in E-flat, A, and D ; Communion Service ;
and Wranitzky in Berlin, where he is royal Magnificat and Nunc dimittis, in A ; An-
Conzertmeister and solo violoncellist. He thems, and other church music ; Organ mu-
has composed several concert pieces for his sic. He author also of popular manuals
is
instrument. Mendel. — on Harmony, Composition, The Organ, and

STAINER, Sir JOHN, born in London, other didactic works. Grove Brown Fe- — ; ;
June 6, 1840, still tis, Supplement, ii. 540 Mendel Rieraann. ; ;
Hving, 1890. Organ- STAINLEIN-SAALEINSTEIN, Le comte

ist and composer LOUIS CHARLES GEORGES COR-
was a chorister boy NEILLE DE, born in Hungary, July 3,
in St. Paul's Cathe- 1819, died at Angleur-lez-Liege, Belgium,
dral in 1847-56, and Nov. 22, 1867. Amateur violoncellist, ap-
while there stud- peared with success in concerts in Ger-
ied harmony under many and France, and in 1857 gave cham-
William Bayley and ber music soirees in Paris with Sivori,
under Casimir Ney, Van Gelder, and Ernst Lii-
counterpoint
Charles Steggall; beck, in which he introduced, of his own
later was a puiiil at compositions, two quartets for strings, a
St. Sepulchre's of George Cooper in organ trio for pianoforte and strings, and a sonata
playing. In 1854 he became organist and for violoncello and pianoforte. Fetis, Sup- —
choir-master of St. Benedict and St. Peter, plement, ii. 540.
Paul's Wharf, and in 1856 organist at St. STAMATY, CAMILLE MARIE, born in
Michael's College, Tenbury ; in 1859 he Rome, March 23, 1811, died in Paris, April
matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, and pupil of Fessy and 19, 1870. Pianist,
in 1860 went to Magdalen College, Oxford, Kalkbrenner in Paris, where he made his
where he succeeded Blytli as organist, and debut in public in 1835, and devoted him-
shortly afterward succeeded Stephen Elvey self to teaching his instrument in 1836 he ;
422
:; ;
STAMITZ
went to Leipsic, intending to remain some 'later under Cannabich. He entered the
time, allied Limself with Mendelssohn and Mannheim orchestra in 1767 went to ;
Schumann, studying composition under the Paris in 1770, and was in the service of
I
former but homesickness and the entreaties the Due de Noailles until 1785. He then
;
I
him to return to Paris gave concerts in Germany and Austria,

of his pupils induced
in January, 1837. He was the master of lived some time at Nuremberg, was iu the
Gottschalk and of Saint-Saens. Works service of Prince Hohenlohe in 1787, direct- :
Concerto for pianoforte and orchestra ed the amateur concerts at Cassel in 1789-
Trio for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello ; 90, was settled in St. Petersburg several
Etudes concertantes, 2 books ; 2 sonatas, years, and became director of the academic
fantaisies, variations, etudes, etc., for piano- concerts at Jena in 1800. Jean Paul Rich-
forte. —Fetis ; Mendel. ter has immortalized him and his viola d'a-
STAMITZ, ANTON, born at lilannheim more in "Hesperus." Works: Der vcr-
in 1753, died probably in Paris, date not liebte Vormund, comic opera, Frankfort
known (1820 ?). Violinist, sou of the fol- Dardanus, grand opera, St. Petersburg 10 ;
lowing, accompanied his elder brother, symphonies 4 symphonies for two violins
; ;
Karl, to Paris in 1770, and seems to have Concerto for pianoforte 7 concertos for ;
remained there. Works Twelve quartets violin Duos, trios, and quartets for strings,
:
;
for strings 6 trios for do.

; Violin con- etc. Mendel Riemann Fctis Gerber
; — ; ; ;
;
certo 6 duos for violin and violoncello 6 Schilling.

; ;
trios for flute and strings Nocturnes, or STANFORD, CHARLES VILLIERS,

;
airs varies for violin and violoncello 6 born in Dublin, Ire- ;
duets for violin and flute 3 concertos for land, Sept. 30, 1852,
;
harpsichord Concertos for violoncello and still living, 1890. Dra-

;
other instruments. — Fetis ; Riemann ; Ger- matic composer, son

ber ; Schilling. of John Stanford, ex-
STAMITZ, JOHANN KARL, born at aminer in the court
Deutsch-Brod, Bohemia, in 1719, died at of chancery, Dublin,
Mannheim in 1761. Violinist, entirely self- who was an enthusias-
taught iu 1745 he was appointed Conzert- tic amateur pupil in
; ;
meister and director of chamber music at composition of Arthur

the court of the Elector at Mannheim. O'Leary and Sir Rob-
Coming before Haydn in time, his com- ert Stewart. He ma-
positions were noteworthy in their day, and triculated Cambridge, at Queen's College,
he was the founder of the so-called Mann- and in 1873 succeeded as choral scholar,
heim school, whose traditions were after- Dr. J. L. Hopkins as organist of Trinity
wards transplanted to Munich. Works College was graduated in 1874 with clas- ;
Six sonatas for harpsichord and violin 12 sical honours and became conductor of the ;
sonatas for violin and bass 12 symphonies University Musical Society.

;
In 1874-76 ;
6 violin concertos G trios for two violins; he studied at Leipsic under Reinecko, and
and bass Exercises imitating violin duets. in Berlin under Kiel. He received the de-
;
In MS. 21 violin concertos, 11 symphonies, gree of M.A. from Cambridge in 1877, and
:
violin solos, 2 concertos and many sona- was elected professor of composition and
tas for the harpsichord. —
Dlabacz Wurz- orchestral playing at the Royal College of
;
bach Mendel Gerber Schilling F(''tis.

; ; Music, London; Hon. Mus. Doc. Oxford,
; ;
STAMITZ, KARL, born in Mannheim, 1883 Director of the Pliilliarmonie Society, ;
May 7, 1746, died in Jena in 1801. Violin- 1884 Conductor of the liach Choir, 1885. ;
ist, son and pupil of the preceding, studied Works— Operas The Veiled Prophet of :
423
STANKOVIC
Kborassau, text by Squier from "Lalla dies, arranged and edited, 1883 Carmen ;
Rookh," Gerniau version by Kapellmeister sjeculare (Tennyson), for soprano solo and
Frank, Hanover, Feb. 6, 1881 The Can- chorus, for the Queen's Jubilee, 1887, and ;
terbury Pilgrims, cantata in three acts, other works. Grove Riemann. — ;
Drury Lane, London, April 1881; Sa- STANK0VI6, CORNEL, born at Buda,
28,
vonarola, opera in three acts and a pro- Hungary, Aug. 21, 1831, died there (or in
logue, Hamburg, April 18, 1881. The Vienna), April 17, 18G5. Vocal composer,
Three Holy Children, oratorio, Birmingham pupil in Vienna, of Willmers on the piano-
Festival, 1885 The Resurrection, cantata, forte, and of Sechter in composition col-
; ;
poem by Klopstock, for tenor solo, chorus, lected the original melodies of Servian folk
and orchestra, Cambridge, 1875 Psalm songs, sacred and profane, and also the ;
xlvi. for soli, chorus, and orchestra, Cam- ancient Slovenic orthodox ritual songs, in
bridge, 1877; Overture, Songs, and Entr'- three books. Works Srbske pjesme, 54
:
actes to Tennyson's drama " Queen Mary," national songs, with Srbske
pianoforte ;
Manchester, 1880 Elegiac Ode, Nor- ;

narodne jijesme, 30 folk songs for chorus,
wich Festival, 1881 Choruses and in- ;
with pianoforte Bugarski Kadril (Bul-
;
cidental music to the Eumenides of J^s- garian quadrille) Bulgaren-Polka Serben-

; ;
chylus, Cambridge, 1885 The Revenge ; Quadrille ; Masses, National dances, etc.
(Tennyson), ballad for chorus and orchestra, — Slovnik nau6ny (Prague, 1872), viii. 967 ;
Leeds Festival, 188G Symphony for or- Wurzbach. ;
chestra, No. 1, in B-flat, 1879 Do., No. 2, STANLEY, ALBERT AUGUSTUS, born
;
Irish, in F minor, 1887 Do., No. 3, in F, at Manville, Rhode Island, May 25, 1851,
;
1889 ;Elegiac Symphony for orchestra, in still living, 1890. Organist, pupil at the
D minor, Cambridge, 1882, Gloucester Fes- Leipsic Conservatorium, in 1871-75, of
tival, 1883 Festival overture for orchestra, Wenzel, Papperitz, Paul, and Ernst Fried-
;
Gloucester Festival, 1877 ; Serenade for rich Richter. On his return to America he
orchestra, in five movements, Birmingham gave organ recitals in various cities, and
Festival, 1882 ;
Queen of the Seas, concert settled in Providence, where he is organist
overture, for tercentenary of the de- of Grace Church.
the In 1886 he was presi-
feat of the Armada, Dec. 12, 1888 Sonata dent of the Music Teachers National As- ;
for pianoforte and violoncello, op. 9 Do. sociation. Works City of Freedom, ode ;
:
for pianoforte and violin, op. 11 3 Inter- for soli, chorus, and organ, op. 9 Psalm
; ;
mezzi for pianoforte and violin, clarinet, or of Victory, soli, chorus, and organ Suite ;
violoncello, op. 13 Quartet for pianoforte for violin and pianoforte Songs and part-
; ;
and strings, in F, 1879 Quintet for piano- songs Organ music.

;
;
forte and strings Concerto for violoncello

;
STANLEY, JOHN, born in London, Jan.
and orchestra Suite in D, for violin and
; 17, 1713, died there,
orchestra, 1889 Courante, Sarabande, and
; May 19, 1786. Organ-
Gavotte for pianoforte, op. 2 Toccata for ist, blind from infancy,
;
pianoforte, op. 3 Pianoforte sonata, in; pupil of Reading and

D-flat, 1881 Morning, Communion, and
; Greene, became organ-
Evening Service, in B-ilat, op. 10 Festival ist of All Hallows in
;
Evening Service in A, for chorus, orchestra, 1724, of St. Andrews,

and organ, 1880 Awake, my heart, choral
; Holborn, in 1726, of
hymn, Klopstock, op. IG Songs from Temple Church in 1734,
;
George Eliot's " Spanish Gypsy," op. 1 G and of the Chapel Roy- ;
Songs of Heine, No. 1., op. 4 Do., No. 2, al in 1782. Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1729. He
;
op. 7 6 Songs, op. 14 Fifty Irish Melo- was esteemed by Handel, some of whose
; ;
424
; :
STAPtK
musical bequests he inherited, and after the works and various collections
of classical
death, in 1774, of John Christopher Smith, compositions.— Riemann
Mendel. ;
he associated himself with Thomas Linley STARIvE, FRIEDRICH, born at Elster-

in continuing the oratorio performances. werda, Prussian Saxony, in
1774, died at
—
Works Oratorios Jej)hthah, 1757 Zimri, Dobling, near Vienna, Dec. 18, 1835.
:
;
17G0; Arcadia, or the Shejjherd's Wedding, Horn player, pupil of the town musician
17G1 The Fall of Egypt, 1771. 12 canta- Gorner at Grosseuheim, where he learned
;
tas for voice, harpsichord, and violin 3 do. all the string and wind instruments stud- ;
;
and 3 songs for voice and instruments G ied theory from the works of Tiirk, Kirn- ;
concertos for 7 instruments 6 do. for 6 in- berger, and Marpurg, and travelled two
;
struments ; 8 sonatas for flute and continue years as Kapellmeister of a circus troupe.
8 soli for Riemann.
flute. — Grove ; He next i^layed at the theatre in Salzburg,
STARCK, INGEBORG. See Bronsart. was for two years pianoforte teacher at
STARK, FRIEDRICH THEOPHIL, born Wels, then took part in the campaigns in
at Waldenburg, Silesia, Aug. 29, 1742, died Switzerland and on the Rhine, as Kapell-
there, May 20, 1807. Organist and cantor meister of a regiment, and after the war
at Waldenburg. Works Oratorios Die — : studied composition under Albrechtsberger
Gedanken und Empfindungen beim Ki-euze in Vienna. When his regiment was oi--
Jesu auf Golgotha Die Pharisiler Die; ; dered to Russia, he took a temporary leave
Passion. Collection de IGO fugues et pre- of absence, obtained a position in the opera
ludes pour I'orgue (Mainz, 1792). Fetis — ;
orchestra, retaining it when, later on, he
Mendel. resumed his former duties as military Ka-
STARK, HUMPHREY JOHN, born in pellmeister, and was pensioned in both
England, May 22, 1854, still living, 1890. capacities, retiring to Dobling. Works
Organist and choir-master of Holy Trinity Die Schlacht bei Leipzig, Tougemiilde,
Church, London, 1875. One of the founders 181 G ; Marches for military band Many ;
of Trinity College, London Mus. Bac, Ox- ; dances for orchestra Variations and pots-
;
ford, 1875. Works : Festival setting of pourris for various instruments ;

Quartet
Magnificat and Nunc dimittisEvening ; for pianoforte, flute, violin, and violoncello ;
Service with orchestra ; Anthems Organ ; do. for pianoforteand strings Sonata for ;
music ; Songs. pianoforte, horn, and violoncello Many ;
STARK, LUDWIG, born in Munich, pieces for pianoforte ; 3 masses, with or-
June 19, 1831, died in Stuttgart, March chestra Oflertory, Tantum ergo, etc., with
;
22, 1884. He studied philosophy at the do. Wiener Pianoforte-Schule (1819-20).

university of his native city, and composi- —Fetis ; Schilling.
tion under Ignaz and Franz Lachner. an STAR-SPANGLED BANNER, THE,
After a short residence in Paris in 185G, he American was written national song. It
founded the Conservatorium at Stuttgart, by Francis Scott Key (1780-1843), on the
with Lebert, Laiblin, Brachmann, Faisst, frigate Surprise, during the bombardment
and others, and for many years was one of of Fort McHenry by the British in 1814.
its most prominent teachers. He also Key had gone to release a friend captured
founded and long directed the Gesangve- by the enemy, but was not permitted to
rein. He visited Weimar in 18G1 and Italy return to Baltimore. He witnessed the en-
in 1873 received the title of royal professor gagement all night, and at dawn, when he
;
" was
in 18G8, and a doctor's degree in 1873. saw that the " Star-Spangled l>anner
Works Songs and choruses Pianoforte still floating froni the rami)arts, wrote the
: ;
and instrumental music Grosse Klavier- verses, which, on his arrival in Biiltimore, he
;
schule (with Lebert) Other instructive had printed under the direction that they
;
;
STAR
should be sung to the tune of " Anacreon STASNY, LUDWIG (Ludek), born in
in Heaven." The song was first sung in a Prague, Feb. 26, 1823, died at Frankfort-
tavern near the Holiday Street Theatre, on-the-Main, Oct. 30, 1883. Instrumental
Baltimore, by Ferdinand Durang. The composer, pupil at the Conservatorium in
tune of "Anacreon in Heaven "was com- Prague, was band-master of an Austrian
posed by John Stafford Smith between 1770 regiment in 1846-68, and in 1871 became
and 1775, to words by Ralph Tomlinson, Kapellmeister in the Palmengarten at
president of the Anacreouic Society, which Frankfort. He is especially known through
held its meetings at the Crown and Anchor his popular dances, and his orchestral ar-
Tavern in the Strand, Loudon. This tune rangements from Wagner's later operas.
was published by Longman & Broderip An opera, Die beiden Goldschmiede, was
(London) and in the fifth book of " Can-
;
given at Mainz, 1879. Riemann. —
zonets, Catches, Canons, and Glees, spright- feTASTNY (Stiasny), JAN, born in Bo-
ly and plaintive," by John Stafford Smith. hemia about 1774, died (?). Violoncel-
Key's song was first printed by Captain list, and one of the most remarkable com-
Benjamin Eades (Baltimore). It is con- posers for his instrument, about whose
tained also in Key's poems, printed with an life nothing is known beyond the not well-
introduction by Roger B. Taney (New confirmed fact that he was a member of
—
York, 1857). Notes and Queries, Third the orchestra at Frankfort. His composi-
Series, vi. 429 ; Fourth Series, xi. 50. tions were wellknown and highly esteemed
STAR-SPANGLED BANNER, THE, in France and England. Works Twelve :
concert variations for the organ on, by duetti concertanti ; Concertino, for quar-
Dudley Buck, op. 23. Published by Schir- tet Trio for violoncello Divertissement, ; ;
mer (New York). Concert variations for the for do. with violin and bass Air et varia- ;
organ, in C, by John Knowles Paine, op. 3b. tions avec rondo do. avec andante 2 ; ;
STARZER, JOSEPH, born in Austria in sonatas 12 petites pieces 12 pieces faci- ; ;
1727 (?), died in Vienna, April 22, 1787 (?), les.— Dalibor (Prague, 1860), No. 8 Wurz- ;
or in 1793 (?). Violinist, seems to have bach.

passed the greater part of his life in Vien- STEFANI, JAN, born in Prague in 1746,
na, but nothing is known of his musical died at Warsaw (?) in 1826, or 1831, or
training, or the position probably he held ;
Feb. 23, 1829 (?). Viohnist, first instructed
he was in the orchestra, or Kapellmeister in the school of the Benedictines in Prague,
at one of the theatres. In 1762 he went as then studied in Italy is said to have be-
;
Couzertmeister to St. Petersburg, but re- longed afterwards to the imperial orches-
turned to Vienna in 1768 or 1770. He tra in Vienna. In 1771 he went to War-
enjoyed great reputation as a composer of saw to conduct the music of King Stanis-
ballet music. Works Ballets Die drei — : law August of Poland. Works Operas — :
Piichter Die Wildschiitzen Adelheid von

; ; Krakowiaki i Gorali, Warsaw, 1794 ;
Ponthieu Die Horatier Ballo delle cinque

; ; Wdzi§czni poddani (The grateful subjects),
sultane II giudizio di Paride
; Diana ed ; ib., 1796 Drzewo zaczarowane (The en-
;
Endimione ; Roger
Li pas- e Bradamante ; chanted Tree), ib., 1797 Frozj'na, ib., ;
tori di Tempe Parodie de Medee Aga- ; ; 1806 ;Rotmistrz (Captain) Gorezki, ib.,
memnon Die Belagerung von Wien Le
; ; 1807 Polka (The Polish Maiden), 1807
;
Cid ;Paride Montezuma Thcsee en; ; Stary mysliwy (The old Huntsman), Papi-
Crete Les moissonneurs Les muses. La
; ; rius, ib., 1808. Masses Many polonaises
;
passione di Jesu Cristo, oratorio ; Sym- for orchestra. —

Dalibor (Prague, 1863), Nos.
phonies, and soli for various instruments. 33, 34; Slovuik nau6n^ (ib., 1859), viiL
— Fetis ; Schilling ; Wurzbach. 1002 Sowiuski Wiu'zbach.
; ;
426
STEFANI
STEFANI, JOZEF, born at Warsaw, on finding that Bernabei's son succeeded
May 16, 1802, died (?). Dramatic and his father as Hof-Kapellmeister, thus de-
church composer, son of the preceding, stroying all hope of further promotion for
pupil of Eisner at the Conservatorium in himself. He went to Hanover, where he
Warsaw as a boy he sang in the chorus of was cordially received, and soon became
;
the opei'a, then played the viola in the or- intimate with the Duchess Sophia, Leibnitz,
chestra, on conducted the ballet and Ortensio Mauro, the composer. The
and later
music. Works Lekcye botaniczne (Botany new Opera House was dedicated in 1689,
:
lesson), comic opera Pioran, operetta with Henrico Leone, an opera by both
;
;
ballets Apollo and Midas Dyabel rozko- Mauro and Stefifani. In 1692 Steffiini was
: ;
chany Okrei;ne Wesele w Ojcowie Mu- sent as envoy extraordinary to the Ger-
; ; ;
sic to melodramas Cantata 13 masses man Com-ts to overcome the objections

; ; ;
Requiem for male voices Te Deum, Bene- made to the Emperor's raising the younger
;
dictus, etc. Polonaises for orchestra, and branch of the house of Brunswick-Li'iue-
;
Polish songs. —
Fetis Mendel SowiAski. burg to the ninth Electorate, and was so
; ;
STEFFANI, AGOSTINO, born at Castel successful that Innocent XI. was prevailed
Franco, Venetia, in 1655, died atFrankfort- upon to make him Bishop (in partibus) of
on-the-Main in 1730. Nothing is known Spiga, in Anatolia. In 1698 he was sent
of his parentage. He probably entered as ambassador to Brussels. The Elector
one of the Venice conservatories at an early Ernst August dying the same year, StelYani
age, and certainly became a boy chorister entered the service of the Elector Palatine
at San Marco, where Count Tattenbach was at Diisseldorf, where he became privy coun-
so delighted with his voice that he took cillor and papal protonotarius for North
him to Munich, where he was educated at Germany. Henceforth his time was de-
the expense of the Elector Ferdinand Maria, voted to diplomacy far more than to music.
studying the organ under Johann Kaspar In 1729 he went once more to Italy, where
von Kerl, and soon becoming Hof- and Kam- he became intimate with Cardinal Ottoboni.
mermusikus. In 1673 he went to Rome to Stefifani was one of Handel's greatest fore-
complete his musical education, and there runners in opera, and was one of the finest
began to compose industriously. Next contrapuntists of all time. It was undoubt-
summer he returned to Munich with Ercole edly' only the superior genius of Handel
Bemabei, who succeeded Kerl, although it and Bach that could have overshadowed a
is improbable that he had studied under reputation so brilliant as his was during his
him while in Rome. Almost immediately lifetime. Works I. Operas Maivo Aure- — :
after his return, he published his 8-voice lio, Munich, 1681 II Solone, ib., 1685 ; ;
Psalmodia vespertina, which established his Audacia e rispetto, prerogativo d' amore,
reputation indeed, Padre Martini made disputate in Campo di Marte, ib., 1685
; ;
extracts from it for examples in his Saggio Servio Tullio, ib., January, 1686 Alaricu il ;
di Contrappunto. In 1675 he was ap- Baltha, cioe 1' audace, ro dei Gothi, ib.,
pointed court organist, and in 1680 was Jan. 18, 1687 Niobe, regina di Tebe, ib., ;
ordained a priest, with the title of Abbate 1688 Enrico detto il Leone, Hanover, ;
di Lepsing. In 1681 he began to compose 1689 La lotta di Alcide con AcIr-Ios, ib., ;
for the stage, having before written only 1689 ; La siiperbia d' Alessandro, ib., 1691 ;
for the church ho Orlando generoso, ib., 1691

; about this time, Lo rivali con-
too, ;
was made director of the Elector's chamber cordi, ib., 1692 La lihcrtd contenta, ib., ;
music. But high as he was in the Elector's 1693 I trionfi del fato, o le glorie d' Enca, ;
favour, and large as his appointments were, ib., 1695, and in German, as Das niiiclitigo
be left Munich on Bernabei's death in 1687, Geschick bei Lavinia uml Dido, Hamburg,
427
;; —
STEFFENS
1G99 Baccanali, Hanover, 1695
;
Koyal Academy of Music, where he became
Briseide, ;
ib., 1G9G Alcibiade (in German), Ham-

;
professor of harmony and organ in 1851.
burg, 1696 Atalauta (do.), ib., 1698 Armi-
;
He was organist successively of Christ ;
nio, Diisseldorf, 1707 Chapel (1817), Christ Church (1855), and

lassilone, ib., 1709 ; ;
Enea, ossia amor vien dal Lincoln's Inn (1865).

destino, Hanover, Mus. Bac. and Mus.
1709. The following are doubtful II zelo Doc, Cambridge, 1851. Works Rejoice : :
di Leonato, Hanover, 1691 Der siegende in the Lord, sacred cantata Church Ser-
; ;
Alcides, Hamburg, 1696. vices ; Anthems ; Hymns, carols, etc.
n. Other works Laudate pueri, 9 voc STEGMAXN, KARL DAVID, born at

:
in 2 choruses (autograph MS. in the Fitz Dresden in 1751, died at Bonn, May 27,
William Museum, Cambridge, dated Novem 1826. Dramatic composer, pupil of the
ber, 1673) Laudate Dominum, a 8 canti organist Zillich, and in composition of Ho-
;
concertati in 2 cori (do., Dec. 30, 1673) milius. He was an excellent pianist, but
Tribuamus Domino, 8 voc. in 2 choruses went on the stage as a tenor singer, appear-
(do., Sperate in Deo, 5 voc. (do.,
1673) ; ing first at Breslau in 1772, and was en-
1671) Beatus vir, 3 voc, with 2 violins and
; gaged at Hamburg in 1778-1811, then left
bass (do., no date) Psalmodia vespertina ;
the stage and settled at Bonn. Works
volans 8 plenis vocibus coucinenda, etc. Operas Der Kaufmann von Smyrna, KO-
:
(Munich, 1671) Sacer Janus Quadrifrons ; nigsberg, 1773 Das redende Gemiilde, ib., ;
3 vocibus vel duabus qualibet prsetermissa 1771 Die Rekruten auf dem Lande, Mit-
;
modulandus (ib., 1685) ; Sonate da camera tau, 1775 Apollo unter den Hirten, Ham-
;
a 2 violini, 1679) alto e continuo (ib., ;

burg, about 1779 Clarisse, ib., 1781 Mac- ; ;
Duetti da camera a soprano e contralto con beth, ib., 1781 Erwiu uud Elmire, ib., ;
il basso continuo (very famous indeed) (ib., about 1785 Philemon iind Baucis, Gotha,
;
1683) Quanto certezza habbia da suoi

;
1777 Die herrschaftliche Kiiche, Dantzig,
;
principii la musica, etc. (Amsterdam, 1695) 1775 Heinrich der Lowe, Frankfort-on-
;
German translations of do. by Andreas the-Main, 1792. Many overtures, and iuci-
^^k^€d-^0
Werckmeister (Quedlinburg, 1699), and dental music to dramas Ballets 3 char- ; ;
Jean Laurent Albrecht (Miihlhausen, 1760). acteristic overtures for orchestra 12 ;
—Grove, iii. 693 Hawkins, iv. 287, 291 symphonies for do. 2 symphonies concer-
; ;
Bumey, iii. 531. tantes ; Symphonic concertante for 2 pi-

STEFFENS, JULIUS, born at Stargard, anofortes, violin, and orchestra Te Deum ;
Pomerania, July 12, 1831, died at Wies- with orchestra ; 2 concertos for pianoforte ;
baden, March 4, 1882. Virtuoso on the Concerto for violin do. for clarinet do. ; ;
violoncello, pupil of Moritz Ganz in Berlin, for trumpet Quartet for strings Trio for ;
;
and of Karl Schuberth in St. Petersburg, do. 6 trios for pianoforte and strings ; ;
where he was for many years a member of Pianoforte music ; Choruses and songs.
the imperial orchestra. He travelled exten- — Fetis ; IMendel ; Schilling.
sively with Jaell and Vieuxtemps. Works STEGMAYER (Stegmayr, Stegmeyer), :
Two concertos for violoncello and orches- FERDINAND, born in Vienna, Aug. 25,
tra Soli, etc., for violoncello.
; Riemann. 1803, died there. May 6, 1863. —
Pianist
STEGGALL, CHARLES, born in Lon- and violinist, pupil of Triebensee, Riotte,
don, June 3, 1826, still living, 1890. Or- and Seyfried became correpetitor at the ;
ganist, pupil of Sterndale Bennett at the theatre in Linz in 1819, then at the Kiirnth-
428
;
STEIBELT
nerthor Theater in Vienna,, and in 1825 his reputation by a dishonest
transaction
music director at the Kunigstiidter Theater with the publisher Boyer, who had
pro-
in Berlin. In 1829-30 he was KapeUmeis- cured him much powerful patronage
and
ter of Rockel's German opera troupe in had otherwise befriended
him. He was
Paris, then at the theatre in Leipsic in 1831 glad to leave Paris for London,
where he
-32, in Bremen in 1839-40, in Prague in made his first appearance at
Saloman's
1843-46, and returned to Vienna, where he Benefit Concert in 1797 in that year
he ;
taught music for two years, then conducted wrote also his celebrated pianoforte con-
the opera in the Josephstiidter Theater, certo in E, L'orage, which became as
gen-
and soon after w'as elected Chormeister of erally popular as a drawing-room piece as
the Miinnergesang-Verein. In 1853-57 he the famous Battle of Prague. His next
was instructor of dramatic and choral sing- work was an English opera. He visited
ing at the Conservatorium, and in 1858 Germany in 1799, going to Hamburg and
founded the Singakademie, with Dr. Au- Dresden, where he was enthusiastically re-
gust Schmidt. He was then for a year Ka- ceived, and to Prague, Berlin, and Vienna
;
IDellmeister at the opera house, and finally in this last place he was rash enougli to chal-
at the Carltheater. Works Festival over- lenge Beethoven, his reputation as a rival of
:
ture ; Mass, and other church music ; Sev- Beethoven's having preceded him. Beet-
eral cantatas ;
Quartets for string and wind hoven's victory was of so decided a nature
instruments ; Duos
horns and guitars that Steibelt refused to meet him agaiu, and
for 2 ;
12 German dances Ruf zur Freude, collec- soon returned to the more congenial atmos-
;
tion of waltzes Choruses and songs.

; —
Fe- phere of Paris. He took with him the score
tis Wurzbach.
; of Haydn's Creation, then unknown in Paris,
STEIBELT, DANIEL, born in BerHn in and it was performed with Steibelt presid-
1765, died in St. Pe- ing at the pianoforte, at the Opera on
tersburg, Sept. 20, Christmas Eve, 1800, and was overwhelm-
1823. Pianist, pupil ingly successful but the old scandals be-
;
of Kirnberger. His ing revived, he soon after left Paris again

career as a composer for London, where he became exceedingly
and virtuoso began popular as a pianist and as a teacher in
in 1789, when he fashionable circles. In 1805 he returned to
gave concerts in Sax- Paris, but pressed hard by his old creditors,
o n y and Hanover. he suddenly started for St. Petersburg in
Thence he went to October, 1808, stopping to give concerts at
Mannheim, and in Frankfort, Leipsic, Breslau, and "Warsaw.
the beginning of He was appointed in 1810, director of the
1790 arrived in Paris, where for a time he French opera in St. Petersburg to succeed
shared with Hermann i:)opular favour. Boieldieu, and maitro de chapelle to the
They competed in a sonata for pianoforte. emperor. Works Operas Komeo et Ju- — :
La Coquette, composed for INIarie Antoin- liette, Paris, 1793 Albert and Adelaide, ;
ette, each contributing a movement, but London, 1798 La princcsse de Babylone,

;
Steibelt's style carried off the palm, and he given in St. Petersburg Cendrilloii. ib. ;
was soon installed as the reigning virtuoso. Sargincs, ib. Le jugemcnt do Midus (un-
;
He next tried the stage in 1793, and be- finished). Ballets Lo rctour de ZOphiiv, :
came a popular teacher, having as pupils Paris, 1802 Le jugemcnt du berger Paris,
;
some of the most eminent women of the London, 1804 La belle laitic-rc, ou Blanche,
;
time. Mile de Beauharnais, afterwards reine de Castille, ib., 1805 La fete de I'eni- ;
Queen of Holland, and others. He injured pereur, St. Petersburg, 1809 Der bhwlc ;
439
;
STEINBACH
Ritter, ib., before 1812 ; La
fete de Mars, sohn's arrival at Diisseldorf, and in 1841
intermezzo, Ouverture en went to Frankfort and studied five years
Paris, 1806.
symphonie, for orchestra Waltzes for do. imder Aloys Schmitt. After a visit to Paris,
;
Concerto for harp and do. Pot-pourri 8 he settled at Lille, whence he removed to
; ;
concertos for jjianoforte and orchestra Ghent in 1870. Works: Die AlpenhUtte,
Quintets, quartets, trios, for pianoforte and opera Cesario, do., Diisseldorf, 1848 3 ; ;
strings Many sonatas for do. Sonatas, symphonies Concert overtures Trio for
; ; ; ;
fantasias, rondos, variations, etc., for piano- pianoforte and strings ; Pieces for piano-
forte. —Fetis ; Grove ; Mendel ; Riemann ;
forte and violoncello ; Choruses for male
Schilling. voices ; Songs. —Fetis ; Mendel.
STEINBACH, EmL, born at Lengen- STEPHENS, CHARLES EDWARD,
rieden, Baden, Nov. 14, 1849, still living, born in London,
1890. Instrumental composer, pupil of the March 18, 1821, still
Leipsic Conservatorium in 18G7-G9, and living, 1890. Pian-
conductor of the city oi'chestra in Mainz, ist, pupil of Cipriani
since 1877 has composed orchestra and
; Potter on the piano-
chamber music, and songs. His brother forte, of I. A. Hamil-
and pupil Fritz (born at Griinsfeld, Baden, ton in harmony,
June 17, 1855), pupil also at the Leipsic counterpoint, and
Conservatorium, was second Kapellmeister composition, and of
at Mainz in 1880-8G, and since then Hof- Henry Blagrove on
Kapellmeister at Meiningen. He has com- the violin. He was
posed a sextet, sonata for violoncello, and organist successively
songs. —Eiemaun. of St. Mark's, Myddleton Square, 1843 ;
STEINERNE HERZ, DAS (The Stony Trinity Church, Paddington, 1846 St. ;
Heart), German romantic opera in four John's, Hampstead, 1856 St. Mark's, St. ;
acts, text by J. V. Widmann, from a story John's Wood, 1862-63 St. Clement Dane's, ;
by Hauff, music by Ignaz Briill, first rep- 1864-69 St. Saviour's, Paddington, 1872- ;
resented at the Deutsches Landestheater, 75 ; Associate of the Philharmonic Society,

Prague, Dec. 19, 1888. has been repeatedly 1850, member, 1857 ;
STEINFELD, ALBERT JACOB, born Fellow of the College of

in chosen director.
Hamburg, June 4, 1741, died there in 1824. organists, 1865 Hon. member of Royal ;
Pianist, became organist at Archangel in Academy of Music, 1870 licentiate, honoris ;
17G5, lived afterwards one year in St. Peters- causa. Trinity College, London, 1877. He
burg and, having returned to his native won the prize of Henry Lester's choir for
city, became organist in 177G at Bergedorf. his part-song, Come, fill ye right merrily
Works Six quartets for 2 clarinets, and 2 (1858), and first and second prizes, Trinity
:
horns Duos for flutes G soli for flute

; College, for the best string quartet (1879).
; ;
Sonatas for pianoforte Sonatinas, rondos, Works Ti-io for pianoforte and sti'ings
; :
;
etc., for do. ; Odes for voice and pianoforte. quartet for
Symphony Several condo. ; ;
—Fetis Mendel. ; cert overtures, among which No. 4, a Dream

STEINKUHLER, EMIL, born atDiissel- of Happiness, Crystal Palace, 1875. Many
dorf. May 12, 1824, died at Ghent, Nov. woi'ks for pianoforte and organ Vocal mu- ;
22, 1872. Pianist and violinist, first in- sic, comprising anthems and services, songs,
structedby his father, appeared in public ballads, part-songs, etc. — Grove ; Fetis,
at theage of ten, and made a concert tour Supplement, ii. 545.
through the Rhine countries. On his re- STERKEL, Abt JOHANN FRANZ
turn he was much influenced by Mendels- XAVER, bom in Wiirzburg, Dec. 3, 1750,
430
;
STERN
died iu Mainz, Oct. 12, 1817. Instrumental burg, Kissingen, and Dresden), and lastly
and vocal composer, pupil of Kette and served as conductor at the Court Opera,
Weissmandel, organists at Wurzburg; at- Mecklenburg. In
tended the university in Lis native town ;
1875-78 he organ-
became vicar and organist at Neumiinster ;
ized for the Grand-
and in 1778 was appointed chaplain and Duke of Mecklenburg
organist to the Elector of Mainz, with an academy for music
whom he travelled through Italy. Return- study, and was plan-
ing to Germany, he was advanced to a can- ist to his court ; in
onry, and in 1793 became Kapellmeister to 1878-80 he travelled
the Elector. He received a similar appoint- with j
Mine Desiree
ment where he founded
in 1807 at Ratisbon, Artut through nearly
a singing-school. The young Beethoven all Europe and much /
went to hear him play, and he complimented of Asia, and iu 1880 went to America. Af-
the youth on some variations recently pub- ter concert tours with Wilhelmj, and after-
lished. "Works Ten symphonies Quintet
:
;
wards with Minnie Hauk, throughout the
for strings 6 trios for do. 6 duos for do.
; ; United States, he settled iu 188G in Atlanta,
2 overtures Sonatas for violin and piano-
; Georgia, as director of the College of Mu-
forte 6 concertos for pianoforte Rondos sic connected with the Atlanta Female In-
; ;
and fantasias for do.; 10 collections of Lie- stitute, where he still resides. jNIi*. von Stera-
der ; 3 do. of Italian canzonets 2 do. of berg has been brought into close conuectinu
;
Italian duets and arias An opera, Farnace in the past with Liszt, Rubinsteiu, the
; ;
4 masses. — Fetis ; Schilling ; Gerber. brothers Schwarwenka, Moszkowski, and

STERN, GEORG FRIEDRICH THEO- other prominent musicians ; has had sym-
PHIL, born in Strasburg, July 24, 1808, phonies, pianoforte and other compositions
died there, December, 1886. Organist, dedicated to him, and has received several
pupil of Schmutz and Conrad Berg, became foreign decorations. "Works More than :
organist at St. Peter's when only sixteen, 150 pieces for pianoforte, published in Ger-
then lived for a few years at Carlsruhe, many by Bote it Bock and J. Hanauer, and
teaching music, and in 1830 returned to in the "United States by Schirmer, Schu-
Strasburg, where he resumed his former berth, Prochazka, and Ditson "Violin and ;
position, and in 1841 became organist at violoncello music Organ music Songs, ; ;
the New Temple (Protestant). Works : part-songs, etc.

Sacred cantatas for soli and chorus 7 col- STEUERLEIN, ;
born at JOHANN,
lections of organ music Pianoforte pieces Schmalkalden, Hesse, July 5, 1546, died at
; ;
—
Songs. Fetis Mendel. ;
Meiningen, May 5, 1613. Amateur com-
STERNBERG, CONSTANTIN IVANO- poser and imperial poet-laureate at first ;
VITCH, Edler VON, born in St. Peters- secretary at Wîsungen, in 1580 secre-
burg, Russia, July 9, 1852, still living, tary of the chancery at Meiningen, and
1890. Instrumental and vocal composer, in 1604 mayor of that city. "Works Cau- :
pupil at Leipsic Conservatorium, in tiones lateinisch uud dcutsch, etc.

the
(Nurem-
1865-67, of Moscheles on the pianoforte, berg, 1571) Christlicher ^lorgcn- und ;
Abeudsegen, 1573) xxiv. Welt-

of Richter in theory, and of Hauptmann in etc. (ib., ;
Teutscho
composition, and at the Akademie der Ton- liche Gesaeng, etc. (Eifurt, 1574) ;
kunst, Berlin, in 1873-75, of Kullak on the Passion (ib., 1576) Cautiones quatuor et ;
Epi-
pianoforte. Between these periods he con- (ûinque vocum (Nuremberg, 1578) ;
ducted light opera and later grand opera at thalamia (ib., 1587) xxvii. newe geistliche ;
several German theatres (Leipsic, WUrz- Gesaeng (Erfurt, 1588)

Der 150. Psalm ;
:
481
:
STEYENIERS
Laudate Domiuum, etc. (ib., 1588) Der STEVENSON, Sir JOHN ANDREW,
;
117. Psalm (ib., 1599); Cliristliche Gesiing- born in Dublin about 1762, died at Meath,
lein au S. Gregory, etc. (Jeua, 1G04), Das Sept. 11, 1833.
teutsche Beneclicite unci Gratias, etc. Fc'- —
Organist and bass
tis ;Mendel. singer, pupil of Dr.
STEUERMANN, LASS' DIE WACHT. Murphy ; chorister
See Flie(jende Hollander. of St. Patrick's and
STEVENIERS, JACQUES, born at Liege Christ Church
in 1817, still living, 1890. Violinist, pupil Cathedrals, Dublin,
of Wc'ry and of Meerts at the Conserva- 1773-79. Subse-
toire of Brussels, Avhere lie obtained the quently vicar choral
first prize in 1838, Having travelled of both. Member
through Holland in 1812, he played in the of Trinity College,
principal cities of Germany, then visited Mus. Doc, Dublin, 1791. Knight-
Dublin.
Denmark, Sweden, and Russia. In 1815 ed, 1803. Works New music to O'Keefe's :
ho was in Paris and London, and in 1817 farces, The Son-iu-Law, and The Agi'eeable
travelled through the Rhine provinces. In Surprise. Operas The Contract, 1783 :
;
1818 he returned to Brussels, and in 1854 Love in a Blaze, 1800 The Patriot The ; ;
was appointed professor of classical piano- Burning of Moscow. Thanksgiving, ora-

forte music at the Conservatoire. Works torio Morning and Evening Services and
: ;
Les satires de Boileau, comic opera, Brus- Anthems, 2 vols. (1825). He is best known
sels, about 1850 Le marechal ferrant, do., by his collection of Irish Melodies with words
;
ib., 18G2 Other comic operas La sirone, written by Moore and by his prize glees
; ;
concertino for violin and orchestra or piano- Alone on the sea-beaten rock (1797), Borne
forte ;La jDriere, sacred melody for violin on you blaze (1812).— Grove Fetis Men- ; ;
and quartet Fautaisies and morceaux de del.

;
salon, for violin and jiianoforte, etc. Fetis. —

STEWART, Sir ROBERT PRESCOTT,
STEVENS, RICHARD JOHN SAMUEL, born in Dublin, Dec. 16, 1825, still living,
born in London in 1757, died there, Sept. 1890. Organist, educated as a chorister of
23, 1837. English glee composer edu- Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, appointed
;
cated in St. Paul's Cathedral choir under organist there at the age of eighteen, organ-
Richard Savage obtained prizes from the ist of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1814, and
;
Catch Club for his glees " See what hor- conductor of the University of Dublin Choral
:
rid tempests rise " (1782), and " It was a Society in 1846. Mus. Doc, 1851. Vicar-
lover and his lass " (1786). Appointed or- choral of St. Patrick's Cathedral in 1852.
ganist of the Temple Church and of the He represented Ireland at the Peace Ju-
Charter House in 1786 professor of Mu- bilee, Boston, in 1872, and was knighted
;
sic at Gresham College in 1801. He edited by Earl Spencer on his return. In 1873
Sacred Music for one, two, three, and four he was appointed conductor of the Dublin
voices, from the works of the most es- Philharmonic Societ}'. He took six prizes
teemed composers, Italian and Enghsh (3 for his glees and part-songs, among which
vols.). Works Three sets of glees, and are The Dream (1871) The Nightingale
:
: ;
some songs. Nine of his glees and catches (1848) Earth, fling off thy wintry wildness ;
are included in Warren's collections. He (1855). His more important works in-
set several of Shakespeare's songs, "Ye clude Ode for the opening of the Cork :
spotted snakes," "Blow, blow thou winter Exhibition, 1852 Ode on Shakespeare, ;
wind," "Sigh no more, ladies." —

Grove; Birmingham Festival, 1870 2 cantatas A ; ;
Harmonicou (1833), 186. Winter's Night Wake, The Eve of St. John ;
432
STICH
Service in G ; Antliems ; Church Hymnal. and Hauptmann. Became organist of St.
— Grove. Peter's and director of the Singakademie in
STIASNY. See Stastny. St. Petersburg in 1853, lived in Vienna in
STICH, JAN VACLAV (Johann Wenzel) 1867, visitedLondon in 1872-73, and was in
(Italian, Giovanni Punto), born at Zchuzicz, Belfast in 1874-77, as conductor at the Phil-
near Czaslau, Bohemia, in 1748, died in harmonic Society he founded there the
;
Prague, Feb. 16, 1803. Virtuoso on the horn, Cecilia Society returned to London, and
;
pupil of Josef Matiegka in Prague, of Ssin- in 1880 went to Revel, Russia, as organist,
del'arz in Munich, and of Hampel and Hau- and conductor of a musical society. Works :
dek in Dresden on his return to Prague, he

; Jery und Biitel}', operetta Der Schatz- ;
remained there for three years with his pa- griiber, do. ; Ouverture triomphale ; The
tron, Count Thun, then made a series of con- Vision, for orchestra ; 3 trios for pianoforte
cert tours thi-ough Germany, Hungary, Italy, and strings ;
Quartet for strings
Sonata ;
where he Italianized his name, under which for pianoforteand violoncello Schneewitt- ;
he rapidly won the reputation of the foremost chen, a pantomimic intermezzo Nocturnes, ;
virtuoso on his instrument, continuing his Valse caprice, Lieder ohne Worte, and
travels through SjDaiu, England, theNethei-- more than 160 other pieces for pianoforte.
lands, and France. In 1781 he entered the — Grove Riemann
; Fetis, Supplement,
;
service of the Prince Bishop of Wiirzburg, ii. 546.

and in 1782 went to Paris as chamber mu- STILLE AilARE, contralto arioso of
sician to the Comte d'Artois (afterwards Tolomeo, in B-flat minor, with accompani-
Charles X.). During the Keign of Terror he ment of strings complete, in Handel's Tolo-
was chef d'orchestre of a small vaudeville meo, Act HL, Scene 4. Published also
theatre, and in 1799 returned to Germany ;
separately, with theaccompaniment trans-
in Vienna he enchanted Beethoven, who cribed by Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
wrote a sonata for him, and played it with STIRLING, ELIZABETH (Mrs. Freder-
him at a concert, April 11, 1800. In the ick Albert Bridge), born at Greenwich,
following year he visited Prague after an England, Feb. 26, 1819, still living, 1890.
absence of thirty-three years, and in 1802 Organist, pupil of W. B. Wilson and Ed-
allied himself with Dussek, who had just ward Holmes, and in harmony of J. A.
gone to Prague, and with whom he planned Hamilton and Sir G. A. Macfarren. Organ-
to return to Paris, when he was overtaken ist of All Saints, Poplar, 1839-58, then at
by a fatal malady. He was one of the St. Andrew's, Undersbaft, 1858-80. She
greatest artists on his instrument, and also was married to F. A. Bridge, conductor
a good violinist. Works Fourteen con- : and lecturer, May 16, 1863. Works PediU :
certos for horn, and orchestra Hymne a fugues and slow movements for organ Ar-
; ;
la liberte, with orchestra Sextet for horn, rangements from Handel, Bach, and ]Mo-
;
clarinet, bassoon, and strings Quintet for zart About 50 songs and part-songs. In
;
;
horn, flute, and strings

24 quartets for ; 1856 she an exercise, Psalm
submitted
horn and strings 20 trios for horn many
; ;
and orchestra, for the
cxxx., for five voices
duos for do. Trios and duos for string in-
; degree of Mus. Bac, Oxford but although ;
struments Etudes for horn

; Method for ;
accepted, it was not performed, owing to
horn (Paris, 1798).— Fetis Mendel Kie- ; ; the want of power to grant a degree to a
mann Schilling Wurzbach.

; ;
woman. Grove.—
STIEHL, HEINRICH (FRANZ DA- ST0BAU8, JOHANN, born at Graudcnz,
NIEL), born at Liibeck, Aug. 5, 1829, died July 6, 1580, died at Kunigsbcrg, Sept. 11,
at llevel, May 1, 1886. Organist, pupil of 1646. Church composer, pupil of Johauu
Lobe, and in Leipsic of Moscheles, Gade, Eccard at Konigsberg, where he frequented
433
; ;
STOLTZER
the university, and in IGOl entered the elec- to teach, and in 1713 went to Italy, where
tor's chapel as bass singer in 1602 he be- he made the acquaintance of all the famous
;
came cantor of the musicians in Venice, Florence, and Rome.

cathedral, and in After his return via Innspruck, he spent
1627 electoral some time in Prague, and in 1717 at Bay-
Kapellmeister. reuth entered the service of the Count of ;
Works Cantiones Gera in 1719, but only six months later

:
sacrffi (Frankfort, went as Hof-Kaiêllmeister to Gotha. Wox'ks

1624) ; Motets for — Operas : Narcissus, Breslau, 1711 ; Va-
5 voices (Dautzic, Naumburg, 1712
leria, Artemisia, Orion, ;
:-; r?? i=rtSsa? 1634) Preussische Venus und Adonis, Prague, 1714 Acis und
; ;
'
r^:^ Festlieder, for 5-8 Galathea, ib., 1715 Das durch die Liebe ;
voices (with Eccard, 1642, 1644) ; Many besiegte Gliick, ib., 1716 ; Diomedes, Bay-
songs for special occasions. —Mendel ; Rie- reuth, 1717 ; Der Musenberg, Gotha, 1723 ;
mann. Rosen und Dornen, pastoral 12 other op- ;
STOLTZER, THOIiLiS, born at Schweid- eras and operettas 14 oratorios 8 double ; ;
nitz, Silesia, about 1490, died at Buda, year books of cantatas and motets Masses ; ;
Hungary, Aug. 29, 1526. Contrapuntist, 16 serenades More than 80 pieces of table- ;
became Kapellmeister to King Louis of music Overtures, symphonies, concertos ;
Hungary was one of the most distin- for various instruments, etc. Fetis Ger-
; — ;
guished German musicians of the 16th cen- ber Mendel Riemann Schilling. ; ; ;
tury. His works are scattered in the fol- STOR, KARL, born at Stolberg, in the
lowing collections of the time Graphiius's : Hartz, June 29, 1814,
Novum et insigne opus (Nui-emberg, 1537) died at Weimar, Jan.
Petrejus'sPsalmorum selectorum (ib., 1538- 17, 1889. Violinist,
39) Rhau's Symphonic jucuudre (Witten-
; Taubert at pupil of
berg, 1538), Vesperarum precum officia (ib., Halle, and of Gotze
1540), Sacrorum hymnorum (ib., 1542), and Lobe at Weimar,
Bicinia gallica, etc. (ib., 1543) and Ott's ; where he became court
Hundert und f iiufzehen guter newer Lied- musician in 1827, and
lein (Nuremberg, 1544). Futis Mendel.— ; in 1857 Hof-Kapell-
STOLZENBERG, CHRISTOPH, born at meister, which post a
Wertheim, Saxony, Feb. 21, 1690, died at disease of the eyes com-
Ratisbou about 1760. Church composer, pelled him to resign. He appeared with
pupil of Cantor Deinl at Nuremberg, be- success in concerts at Dresden in 1838, at
came cantor at Salzbach in 1711, and at Leipsic and Berlin in 1840, at St. Peters-
Ratisbou in 1714. Works Three complete : burg, whither he went with Dreyschock, at
year books of church music 15 festival can- ; Jena, etc. Works Die Flucht, opera, :
tatas Several hundred detached sacred

; Weimar, 1843 Ballets Tonbilder zu
; ;
compositions, German and Latin Con- ; Schiller's Lied von der Glocke, for orches-
certos for various instruments. Gerber — ;
ti'a ; Ritterliche Ouvertiire ; Im Thiiringer
Schilling. Lande, concert overture : Stiindchen, Cou-
STOLZL (Stoelzel), GOTTFRIED HEIN- zertstiick for violoncello with orchestra
RICH, born Saxouy, Jan. 30, Choruses for male voices
at Griinstadtl, Songs, etc. ;
1690, died at Gotha, Nov. 27, 1749. Dra- Mendel Schilling. — ;
matic and chiu:ch composer, pupil of Cantor STORAGE, STEPHEN, born in London,
Umlauf at Schneeberg, and of Melchior Jan. 4, 1763, died there, March 25, 1796.
Hofmann in Leipsic ; settled at Breslau Dramatic composer, pupil of his father.
434
;
STORCII
Stefano Storace, an eminent Italian contra- Weib kann Die Musikanten Neue freie ; ;
bassist who England. At the Zeit

settled in Ein Nachtstandchen Der Riiuber ; ;
age of ten Stephen played the most diffi- Mohr Konigin Chignon, and many others. ;
cult violin music by Tartini and Giardini, Potpourris on operatic theme-s Dunce mu- ;
and at twelve entered the Conservatoi-io di sic Choruses for male voices Songs. ; ;
San Onofrio, Naples, where he studied harp- Wurzbach. —

sichord, violin, and composition. After STORCH, A. M, born in Vienna, Dec.
visiting the principal cities of Italy and 22, 1813, died there, Dec. 31, 1887. Vio-
Vienna, where he produced two operas with linist and dramatic composer, pupil of
his sister, Anna Seliua Storace, a celebrated Michael Eckel, and at the Conservatorium
soprano singer, he returned to England in of Georg Hellmesberger and Buhm, also
1787, and devoted himself to composition. private pupil of Franz Clement and May-
He was almost the first English composer seder, and in composition of Kessler and
who introduced into his works the modern Seyfried.
of his master, Clem- On the death
finale, in which the business of the scene is he succeeded him as solo violin and or-ent,
carried on by concerted music. Works Gli chestra director at the Theater an der Wien,
:
sposi malcontenti, Vienna, 1785 Gli equi- and after a number of years became Kapell-
;
voci, ib., 1786 The Doctor and the Apothe- meister at the Carl Theater, later at the
;
cary, La cameriera astuta, opera buffa, Lon- Josephstiidter Theater. In 1843-51 he waa
don, 1788 The Haunted Tower, ib., 1789 Chormeister of the Miinnergesang-Verein,
; ;
No Song, no Suj^per, ib., 1790 The Siege of and in 1854-68 director of the Musikverein
;
Belgrade, The Cave of Trophonius, ib., 1791 at Linz, whence he returned to his former
The Pirates (the finale of which is consid- position at the Josephstiidter Theater in Vi-
ered his masterpiece), Dido, Queen of Car- enna then was again at the Carl Theater, ;
thage, ib., 1792 The Prize, musical enter- and later at the Strampfer Theater. In
;
tainment. My Grandmother, musical farce, 1864 he was elected Chormeister of the

ib., 1793 Lodoiska, musical romance (with Austrian Siingerbund. His choruses and
;
adaptations from Cherubini and Kreutzer), quartets for male voices, and his songs, are
The Glorious First of June, The Cherokee, extremely popular. Works Amaranth, :
comic opera, ib., 1794 The Three and the lyric opera Die Zaubergaben, comic opera.
; ;
Deuce, musical drama, ib., 1795 Mahmoud, Operettas Der Schneider von Kabul, oder
; :
or the Prince of Persia, ib., 1796 Music das Festkleid Priuz Taugenichts Romeo
; ; ;
to Coleman's Iron Chest, 1796. Quintets und Julie Die Werbung Van Dyck Das ; ; ;
and a sextet for strings and flute Sona- Orakel, ballet; Harlekin in der Blumen-
;
tas for hai'psichord Songs. ; —

Grove Fctis welt, do. Anitta, do.
; Music to many
; ; ;
Hogarth, Memoirs of Mus. Drama, ii. 412 ;

dramas, character plays, and ftu'ces ; 3
Mendel, ix. 466 ; Harmonicon (1828), 1. masses ; Te Deum ; Offertories ; Gospels,
STORCH, ANTON, born in Vienna, Dec. and choi'als Overtures and entr'actes, ;
25, 1843, died there, April 19, 1873. Dra- marches, and dance music More than 1,000 ;
matic composer, son and pu2)il of the fol- choruses and songs. Allgem. Wiener Mus. —
lowing, became Kapellmeister at the Joseph- Zeitg. (1846), Nos. 69 and 70 AVurzbacli. ;
stiidter Theater, and was engaged in the same STORM, THE, chorus by Huydn, on
" Hark, the wild up-
capacity at the theatres of Olmiitz, Moravia, Peter Pindar's words,
Esseg, Slavonia, and Wiener-Neustadt, then roar of the waves," first performed in Lon-
again in Vienna at the Strampfer Theater, don, March 26, 1791.
and in Gratz, Styria. Works Operettas, —
STORY OF SAYID, THE, cantata for
Liederspiele, and music to popular plays: soli, chorus, and orchestra, text by Josepli
Die Jungfer Tant' Feine Loute Was ein Bennett, music by Alexander Campl)ell M;ic-
; ;
4:^
;
STUADELLA
kenzie, first given at Leeds, England, Oct. his death, a cantata of his, " II barcheggio,"
13, 188G. The libretto is founded on Edwin written for the wedding of Carlo Spinola
Ai-nold's "Pearls of the Faith." Charac- and Paola Brignole, of that city, bearing
ters represented Sayid, an Arab chief

: the date July 6, 1681. His name appears
Sawa, a Hindoo prince Ilmas, daughter of
; on the lists of no Italian Conservatorio ; all
Siiwa a watchman and a horseman. Sayid

; ;
that is positively known of him is that he
who, at the head of an Arab baud, is invad- was generally famous as a composer, and
ing Sawa's land, is that he had relations of some sort with the
defeated, captured, and
sentenced to death. Sfiwa recognizes Sayid Contarini family in Venice. Whether Or-
as his rescuer at a former time, and offers tensia Contarini was his jDupil and mistress,
to grant him any request save that of life. and afterwards his wife, or not, is, however,
Sayid begs that he may visit his fathei', and very doubtful. It is significant of the cloud
Dmas, daughter of Sawa, offers herself as that hangs over this indubitably great man's
his hostage. During Sayid's absence S:\wa history, that the composition which has been
announces that the gods have demanded most universally associated with his name,
that the hostage must be sacrificed. Ilmas, the aria di chiesa, " Pieta, Signore," is al-
arrayed in bridal robes, is led to execution, most certainly not by him. The author-
but at the last moment Sayid returns. He ship of this favorite air is a well-kept secret,
presents himself to Sawa and bids Umas but there is considerable evidence to show
fai-ewell, when Sawa, relenting, bids Sayid that it Avas written as a practical joke on
live, and the happiness of the lovers is in- the musical public by Futis, Niedermeyer,
ferred from the invocation of the chorus, Rossini, or Francesco Rossi. The airs, " O
"Love the Conqueror," which closes the del mio dolce ardor," and "Sei miei sos-
•work. The solos were sung by Mme Albani, piri," both attributed to Stradella, are
Ilmas Barton McGuckiu, Sayid and Mr.
; ; equally spurious. Works : San Giovanni
—
Watkiu Mills, Sawa. Athenseum (1886), ii. Battista, oratorio, 5 voc. with instruments ;
508 Upton, Standard Cantatas, 233.

;
Susanna, do., 1681 ; Corispero, opera, Ven-
STK.ADELLA, ALESSANDKO. The ice, about 1665 Orazio Code sul ponte,
;
place and date of his birth and death are do., Ferrara, about 1666 Trespolo tutore, ;
unknown. The generally accepted story is do., Venice, 1667 La forza del amore pa-
;
that he was born either in Naples or Ven- terno, do., Genoa, 1678 H barcheggio, ;
ice about 164:5, and that he was murdered cantata, Genoa, 1681 6 oratorios, 11 ;
in Genoa about 1670. The story of his dramas, and 131 other compositions in the
murder is taken from Bounet-Bourdelot's library at Modena Canti a voce sola, in
;
Histoire de la musique et de sea effets the librai-y of San Marco, Venice 1 motet ;
(Paris,1715) but the account is too im-

; 2 voc, and 8 cantatas 1 and 2 voc. in
probable for credence, and many details in Christchui'ch Library, Oxford Medea, can- ;
ithave been proved to be false. The date tata, in the British Museum II Nerone, ;
of Stradella's death is more probably about do., ib.; 2 MS. cantatas, 2 ariettas, and a
1681. No musician has ever been made duet, in the Harleian Library 8 madrigals, ;
the subject ofmore unwarranted romancing 3 duets, and a sonata for 2 violins and bass
than he and it is curious that none of the (all in MSS.) in the Add. MSS.— Grove, iii.
;
stories told about him are supported by 721 Fetis Catelani, Delle opere di A.
; ;
even the faintest direct or circumstantial Stradella esistenti uell' Archivio Musicalo
evidence, what evidence there is pointing della R. Biblioteca Palatina di Modena
almost without exception to their being un- (Modena, 1866).
true. In fact, nothing is known of his life, STRADELLA, French lyric drama, text
except that he was in Genoa shortly before by Deschamps and Pacini, music by Flo-
;
STRAIGHT
tow, represented at the Theatre du sic in 1831 in Berlin and Vienna in 1832 ;
first ;
Palais-Royal,Paris, in February, 1837 in Paris in 1833 in London, at the King's

; ;
then recomposed as a grand opera and pro- Theatre, June 23, 1832. Published by Has-
duced at Hamburg, Dec. 25, 1844. The Huger (Vienna, 1832) by Breitkopf A: Hiii- ;
libretto is founded on the generally re- tel (Leipsic, 1833). — Clement et Larousse,
ceived, though probably apocryphal, story 640 Harmonicon (1820), 104
; ; Ûlgem. mus.
of Alessandro Stradella, the musician. Pub- Zeitg., xxxi. 298 xxxv. 165. ;
lished by Bohme (Hamburg, 1845). Other STRATONICE, opera-heroique, in one

operas on this subject in French, by Louis: act, text by Hoffmann, nmsic by Mi'hul,
Niedermeyer, text by Deschamps and Pa- at the Feydeau, Paris,
first represented
cini, Paris, March 3, 1837. In Italian by May
1792 at the Academic Royale de
: 3, ;
Schimon, text by Cempini, Florence, 1846 Musique, Paris, March 30, 1821, with reci-
;
by Viucenzo Moscuzza, text by Querela, tatives by Daussoigne, nephew of the com-

Naples, July, 1850 by Giuseppe Sinico,
; poser. Cast at the Opera, Paris, March 30,
Lugo, 1863 and II cantore di Venezia, by
; 1821 Stratonice, Mile Grassari Seleucus, : ;
Virginio de' Marchi, Florence, April 3, 1866, M. Nourrit Antiochus, M. Lefeuillade ;

;
—
and as Stradella, Nice, March, 1869. Eevue Erasistrate, M. Lais. The opera was given
et Gaz. mus. de Paris (1836-37), 79 Neue in Berlin, translation by C. Herklots, with
;
Zeitschr., xxii. 201, 209. Mme Schulz, Herr Eunike, Stumer, and
STRAIGHT EYE MINE HATH
Blume, in August, 1815. Same subject,
CAUGHT, soprano aria of L' Allegro, in G Stratonice, Italian opera by Leonardo da
major, with accompaniment of 2 violins and Vinci, Naples, 1720.
bass, in Handel's L' Allegro, il Pensieroso, STRATTON, GEORGE ^TLUAM, born
ed Moderato, Part I, No. 24.
il at "West Swanzey, New Hampshire, Aug. 1,
STEAKOSCH, MORITZ, born at Lem- 1830, still living, 1890. He began to study
berg, Galicia, in 1830, died in Paris, Oct. 9, music when seven years old, learning the
1887. Pianist, pupil in Vienna of Simon clarinet and leading a small band, in 1839-
Sechter in composition, made concert tours 42, as a youthful prodigy. In 1848 he be-
through Italy, Spain, France, and England, gan to study harmony, the organ, and the
and in 1845 went to America, where he pianoforte in Manchester, New Hampshire,
lived principally in New York until 1860, under Rev. W. H. Cud worth in 1850-51 ;
and playing in
teaching, concerts. He is studied harmony and composition under
now remembered chiefly as the instructor August Kreissmann, a pupil of ^lendels-
of Adelina Patti, his sister-in-law, whom he sohn, and in 1856-57 counterpoint, fugue,
accompanied for a time on her travels. and composition under L. P. Homer, of
Works : Sardanapal, opera, about 1860 Boston. From 1850 to 1866 he lived in
(MS.) ; Giovanna di Napoli, do., given in Manchester as a teacher, organist, and con-
New York Many pieces ; de salon, and other ductor in 1866 he established himself in
;
music for pianoforte. Boston as an importer and wholesale dealer

STRANIERA, LA (The Stranger), opera in musical merchandise in 1871 he went ;
in two acts, text by Komani, music by Bel- to Europe, and since then has spent much
lini, fii'st represented in Milan, Feb. 14, time abroad, chiefly in Germany and Italy.
1829. The libretto is founded on a ro- In 1885 he erected in his native town a
mance by the vicomte d'Arlincourt. There building for a free library and art gallery,
isno overture. Original cast Leopold de :
which he has tilled with books, pictures,
Valdebourg, Tamburini Ai-thur, Reina ; and music gathered abroad. Works Tho :
Adelaide, Mile Unger Isoletta, ]\Ime La- ;

Buccaneer, grand opera in three acts, 1858 ;
lande. The opera was first given in Leip- The Fairy Grotto, school operetta, 1859 ;
437
;
STRAUSS
Laila,do., 1860 Genevieve, do., 1869
; ;
under Seyfried. His violin teacher pro-
The Fairy Grotto, do. (second setting), cured him opportunities of playing the
1872 Concert overtures, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4
; ;
viola in quartets in private houses, and
More than 200 pieces of pianoforte music ;
at the age he joined Pamer's
of fifteen
Songs, part-songs, etc. orchestra at the dancing hall called the
STIUUSS, EDUARD, born in Vienna, Sperl. In 1823 he joined Lanner and
Mai-cli 15, 1835, still the Drahauek brothers, the quartet play-
living, 189 0. The ing in different jjublic houses, Strauss hav-
youngest son of Jo- ing also to pass around the plate for con-
hann Strauss, the tributions. He acted as deputy conductor
elder, after whose for Lanner until 1825, when they sep-
death he devoted arated. Next year he was at the head of
himself to music an orchestra of fourteen in the hall of the
learned the harp, and Schwan then was engaged for a hotel
;
studied composition in the Dublin g suburb and later, at the ;
under Preyer. He garden concerts of the Zwei Tauben, pro-

made his first apiêar- duced his Opus 1, Tlluberl-Walzer. After
ance as a conductor conducting concerts at the halls Zur Ket-
in 1862, took the place of his brother Jo- tenbriicke in 1828-29, he was engaged
hanri m^ St. Petersburg in 1865, and in for the Sperl in 1830-36. His reputa-
1870 was appointed conductor of the court tion and engagements increased so rapidly
balls in Vienna. He has given concerts that his orchestra soon numbered about
with his orchestra in the leading cities of 200, from which he selected a company
Germany, and is still the popular conductor capable of executing the most difficult mu-
in the city of which his family has long sic. In 1834 he was made Kapellmeister
been a chai-acteristic musical feature. of the 1st Vienna Bilrger-Regiment, and
Works : About 200 and next year the musical direction of the court
waltzes, dances,
other popular compositions. Wurzbach —
balls and festivals was intrusted to him.
;
Mendel, Ergilnz,, 44:5 Fetis, Supplement, As his fame was fast becoming European,
;
ii. 550. the idea of making concert tours occurred

STEAUSS, JOHANN, the elder, born in to him. He visited Pesth in 1833, Berlin,
Vienna, March Leipsic, and Dresden in 1834, West Gei--
14, 1804, died mauy in 1835, and North Germany, Hol-
there, Sept. 25, land, and Belgium in 1836. Then he made
1849. He was a contract with 28 of his orchestra for the
the son of an year 1837-38 ;
played with great success in
innkeeper, and Paris, though Musard and Dufresne were
early showed his rivals, with the former of whom he
musical talent, joined forces for a time gave concerts in
;
but his parents France and Belgium, and in the chief cities
thought best to of Great Britain, whence he returned to
apprentice him Vienna in an almost dying condition. His
to a book-bind- reappearance at the Sperl excited much en-
er, from whom he ran away. A friend found thusiasm, and in 1840 he began conduct-
him, took him back to his parents, and per- ing at the Imperial Volksgarten. After
suaded them to give their consent to his short tours in 1841 and 1844, he visited
becoming a musician. Then he studied North Germany in 1845, was remarkably
the violin under Polyschausky, and theory successful in Berlin, and on returning to
488
—
STKAUSS
Vienna was formally appointed conductor STRAUSS, JOIIANN, the younger, born
of the court balls. In 1846 he travelled in in Vienna, Oct. 25, 1825, still Hving, 1890.
Silesia, and next year was in Berlin again Son of Johann
and in Hamburg. The Vienna revolution the elder ; as the
of 1848 found expression in the titles of father wanted
some of his pieces, but as marching threat- none of his sons
ened to usurp the place of dancing, he was to take up music,
more in sympathy with the old regime. he attended the
This gave rise to some unpleasant demon- gymnasium and
strations, when in 1849 he gave concerts in Polytechnic In-
many German cities on his way to Brussels stitute,and then
and England. He appeared in London and became a bank
other English cities with great success, and clerk. His moth-
returned to Vienna in July of 1849. In a er, meanwhile,
few weeks he was taken sick with the scar- had secretly
let fever, and never recovered. He was allowed him to have a violin teacher, and
small and neat in personal appearance, with had sent him to Drechsler for composition
a singularly shaped head, and he was seen lessons, so that he wrote a waltz at the age
at his best with a violin in his hand. Often of twelve. Unable to bear his father's com-
he was called the Waltz King, and he was pulsion, he appeared in 1844 as a conductor
certainly one of the most popular musicians at Dommaj'er's Casino in Hietzing, play-
that ever lived. He raised dance music to ing his own and his father's music. On
a higher level, and as a conductor cultivated the death of his father in 1849, he united the
also classical music. Works 251 in num-
: two orchestras, jilayed iu Warsaw and the
ber, consisting of 152 waltzes, 24 galops, 6 chief cities of Germany, and engaged from
cotillons and contredanses, 13 polkas, 32 1855 to conduct the summer concerts at
quadrilles, 18 marches, and 6 pot-pourris. the Petropaulowski Park iu St. Petersburg
The Kettenbrucken, Gabrielen, Taglioni, for ten years. In 18G2 he married the
singer, Henriette Treffz, and
^ soon began to give up the com-

position of dance music for that
He was made con-
of opera.
ductor of the court balls in Vi-
enna in 1863, but later resigned
the position. He has visited
Paris, London, Boston, New
York, and the principal cities
of Italy. Soon after the death
of hisfirst wife, he married in
1878 another singer, Angelica

Dittrich. Many decorations
Funken, and and honours have been bestowed upon him.
Victoria, Ciicilien, Elektrische
Donau-Lieder, were among his most famous His waltzes are immensely popular, one
waltzes. —
Wurzbach Mendel
;
Schilling
; of them. An der schonen, blaucn Donaii,
;
Fctis Scheyrer, Johann

; Strauss's rausika- being almost a national air with the Vien-
lische Wanderung durch das Leben (Vi- nese, and his operettas rival in popularity
enna, 1851) Hanslick, Concertweseu in those of Ofl'onbach and Lecocq.
;
Works
Wien, i. 3G4 ii. 13.
; Operettas Ind'ujo und die vit-rzig Riiuber,
:
489
; ;;
STRAUSS
1871 ; Der Karneval Die STRAUSS, JOSEPH, born at Briinn in
in Rom, 1873 ;
Fledermaiis, 1874 1875 Prinz 1793, died at Carlsruhe, Dec. 1, 18G6. Vio-
; Gagliostro, ;
Methusalem, 1877 La Tsigane (remodelled linist, pupil of his father, and in Vienna of
;
from Die Fledermaus), Paris, 1877 Blinde- Blumenthal, Urbani, and Schuppanzigh,
;
kuh, 1878 Das Spitzentuch der Konigin, and in composition of Josef Teyber, and
;
1880 Der lustige Krieg, 1881 ; Eine Naebt Albrechtsberger. He appeared with success
;
in concerts, and in 1810 was engaged as

solo violin at the theatre in Pesth. In
1813 he went as Kapellmeister to Temes-
var, and in 1814 to Hermannstadt, to
conduct the German opera. Called to
in Venedig, 1883 Der Zigeunerbaron, 1885 his native city in 1817, he acted there for a
; ;
SiinpUcius, 1887. About 400 waltzes, pol- short time as Kapellmeister, then undertook
kas, quadrilles, and other dances. —
Ambros, a concert tour through Germany, and in 1822
Bunte Bliltter, ii. 42 Illustr. Zeitg. (1878), accepted a call to organize German opera at
;
No. 1840 N. illustr. Zeitg. (1873), i. No. 9 Strasburg, whence he went as Conzert-
;
Wurzbach Riemann Fetis, Supplement, meister to Mannheim, and there was soon
; ;
ii. 549 Hanslick, Die moderne Oper, 333. after entrusted temporarily with the func-
;
STRAUSS, JOSEPH, born in Vienna, tions of Kapellmeister. His briUiant suc-

Aug. 25, 1827, died cess as a conductor of opera led to his im-
there, July 22, 1870. mediate appointment as court music di-
Second son of Johann rector at Carlsruhe, which post he filled
Strauss owing to more than forty years. In 1840 he con-
;
his father's unwil- ducted the German opera in London, and

lingness to make a on his return thence, the music festival at
musician of him, he Speyer. He was pensioned in 1865. Works
became an architect, —
Operas Faust's Leben und Thaten, Her- :
but pursued the mannstadt, 1815 Die Suhne des Waldes, ;
study of music in ib., 1816 Armiodan, Carlsruhe, 1836 ;
secret, and during Zelide, ib., 1837 Berthold der Zahringer, ;
the illness of his ib., 1838 Die Schlittenfahrt nach Nowgo- ;
brother Johann, in 1853, conducted for him. rod, 1846, ib.; Der Wiihrwolf, ib., 1840, and
Then he formed an orchestra of his own, and Vienna (over fifty times). Music to the
gave concerts and composed industriously, drama Die Belagerung Wiens do. to Auf- ;
though his health had always been del- fenberg's Der Lowe von Kurdistan Ju- ;
icate and seemed to grow worse from ex- dith, oratorio Das Lob Gottes, cantata ; ;
ertion. In 1870 he went to Warsaw against Huldigungs-Cantate 2 masses Te Deum ; ; ;
the advice of his friends the abuse of some Graduals and offertories
; 2 symphonies ;
Russian officers, enraged by his refusal to Concerto for violin and orchestra Varia- ;
play for their drunken orgies, caused a tions brillantes for do.; Sextet for harp
severe illness, and his wife succeeded in and wind instruments Quartet for sti'ings ; ;
getting him to Vienna only to die within a Potpourris for violin, with trio 12 varia- ;
few days. Works 283 in number, com- tions for violin, and duo Soli for violin
: ;
;
prising waltzes, polkas, and other exceed- Songs. Fetis Mendel Wurzbach. — ; ;
ingly popular dance music. He made also STRAUSS, RICHARD, born in Munich,
about 300 arrangements for orchestra. June 11, 1864, still living, 1890. Instru-
— Wurzbach; Mendel, Ergiinz., 445 Fetis, mental composer, pupil of W. Meyer, waa
;
Supplement, ii. 550. made court music director at Meiningen in

440
— ;
STRAVAGANZE
1885, at Munich in 1886, and went to Wei- of mirth, and Mercury. Bach's intention in
mar 1889 as second Kapellmeister at the this work was to describe the two styles of
in
court theatre. Works Two symphonies
: music, and to make a contrast between the
;
Aus Italien, symphonic poem ; Wanderers opera and the light school of music prevail-
Sturmlied, for chorus with orchestra ; Sere- ing at that period, and his own compositions
nade for 13 wind instruments Concerto ; of solidity, strength, and skill, which had
for violin do. for horn
; Quartet for piano-
; been severely criticised. He portrays him-
forte and strings Sonata for violoncello.
; self inthe aria in B minor. The character
— Eiemaun. of Midas is thought to be a satire on Jo-
STRAVAGANZE DEL CONTE, LE, Ital- hann Adolph Scheibe, one of Bach's adverse
ian opera by Cimarosa, first represented at critics. The cantata was published by the
the Teatro Fiorentiui, Naples, in 1772. Bachgesellschaft, Year XI. (1861).— Spitta,
STREGHE, LE (Witches' Dance), a set Bach, ii. 473, 740 do. (Bell), ii. 642-48
;
;
of variations for the violin, with orchestral iii. 258 Delm, S. W., J. S. Bach als Pole-
;
accompaniment, by Paganini. The original miker (Westermann's Magazine, Oct. 1856)

MS. claims the but it is sup-
air as original, Lindner, E. 0.,ZurTonkunst (Berlin, 1864) ;
posed to have been taken from the ballet, Baumgart, Dr. E., Ueberden Streit zwischen
"II noce di Benevento." The variations Phoebus und Pan (Breslau, 1873.)
are enormously difficult and present pecu- STRIDE LA VAMPA. See Tromlore.
liar combinations of harmonics and pizzi- STRIGGIO, ALESSANDRO, born in
cato, which, when played by Paganini, al- Mantua, Italy, about 1535, died there after
ways created extraordinary enthusiasm. 1584. Organist and lute player, and one of
— Fetis, Paganini (English ed.), 86. the first composers of intermezzi lived at ;
STREIT ZWISCHEN MICHAEL UND Cosimo de' Medici, in

first at the court of
DEMTEUFEL, DER (The Combat between Florence, and afterwards became maestro di
Michael and the Devil), oratorio, text from cappella at the court of INIantua. Works
Revelations (xii. 7-12), music for double Intermezzi L' amico fido, 1565 Psyche : ; ;
chorus, orchestra, and organ, by Johann Festival music for the Florentine court,
Christoph Bach, performed at Leipsic and 1569 do. (with Strozzi, Caccini, and ]\Ie-
;
Hamburg. The original score is in the rulo), 1579 3 books of madrigals for 6 ;
Berlin Library. voices (Venice, 1566-68) Book of madri- ;
STREIT ZWISCHEN PHCEBUS UND 1560) II cicalamcnto

gals for 5 voices (ib., ;
PAN, DER (Contest between Phoebus and delle donne al bucato, e la caccia, etc. (ib.,
Pan), cantata for six voices, with accompani- 1584) ; DiHettore Vidue e d' altri, etc., mad-
ment of three trombones, drums, two flutes, rigali a 5 e 6 voci (ib., 1566) ; Madrigals in
two oboes, two violins, viola, and continuo, various collections of the times. — Fetis ;
text by Picander, music by Johann Sebas- Mendel Riemann. ;
tian Bach, first given at the summer meet- STRONG, TEÎPLETON, GEORGE
ing of the Musical Society, Leipsic, in 1731. born in New York, about 1855, still hving,
The text is founded on the Greek myth 1890. Instrumental and vocal composer,
of the contest of Marsyas, the Phrygian studied in Germany, where he still resides.
flute-player, with Apollo. Marsyas is here His name frequently occurs in German con-
supplanted by Pan, who tries his skill with programmes, and he has published
cert
Apollo, and, instead of Marsyas it is Midas about forty compositions, chiefly througli
who is flayed alive for preferring Pan's mu- Kistner, Leipsic. Works : Five Cliarak-
sic to that of Apollo. The Lydian Mountain terstiicke for pianoforte, op. 6 ; In Tirol, 9
god, Timolus, introduced as arbitrator CharakterstCicke for do., op. 7 Suite for
is ;
of the dispute, and also Momus, the god do., in C minor, op. 8 Gestrebt-Gcwon- ;
441
;
STRUCK
nen-Gesclieitert, march for orchestra with entr'acte music is entitled: I. "Der Au-
'
viohn obligato, op, 12 ; Undine, symphonic fruhr " " Der Ball " ni. " Die Dorfs-
;
K ;
poem for orchestra, op. 14 Klange aus chenke." The other music includes a March,
;
dem Harzgebirge, 7 Charakterstiicke for pi- a Benediction, and a Polonaise. Arranged

anoforte for four hands, op. 17 Drei Baga- for the pianoforte by Theodor Kullak and C.
;
tellen for do., op. 21 Ballade, in G minor, Klage (Schlesinger, Berlin, 1847).
; Allgem. —
for pianofoi'te, op. 22 Romanze, in G, for mus. Zeitg., xlviii. 795, 811 Neue Zeitschr.,
; ;
violin and pianoforte, op. 23 ; 3 Character- xxvi. 215, 219 Mendel, Meyerbeer, 53 ;
stiicke, for pianoforte, op. 21 ; Wie ein fah- Hanslick, Concertwesen in Wien, ii. 387.
render Hornist sich ein Land erblies, for STRUNGK (Struuck), NIKOLAUS
soli and male chorus with oi'chestra, op. 26 ;
ADAM, born Hanover, in 1640,
at Celle,
3 Sinfonische Idyllen, for jiianoforte four died in Leipsic, Sept. 23, 1700. Virtuoso
hands, op. 29 Die verlassene Miihle, for solo
; on the violin and dramatic composer, son
and male chorus with orchestra, op. 30 ;
and pupil of Delphin Strungk (organist,
Erziihlungen, 5 pieces for pianoforte, op. 1601-94), whom he assisted at the organ
31 ; 3 Gesiinge, for mezzo-soprano with pi- when only twelve years old then puîil at ;
anoforte, op. 32 Zweite Ballade, in G mi-

; Liibeck of Schnittelbach on the violin. In
nor, for pianoforte, op. 31 In den Bergen, ; 1660 he became first violinist in the ducal
symphony Tonstiick, for English-horn and
; orchestra at Brunswick, then at Celle,
organ, given at the Festival of the General whence he made a concert trip to Vi-
Association of German Musicians, Carls- enna, and later at Hanover. In 1678 he
riihe, 1885. went as music director to Hamburg, then
STEUCK, JOHANN BAPTIST, called became chamber organist to the Duke
Batistin, born of German jDarents in Flor- of Hanover, who conferred on him a can-
ence, about 1680, died in Paris, Dec. 9, 1755. onry, and with whom he visited Italy, in
Dramatic composer, went as violoncellist to Rome winning the admiration of Corelli.
Paris, where he and Labbe were the first to On his return
he played again in Vien-
play the violoncello in the orchestra he ; na before the emperor, and about 1685
was a great favourite with Louis XIV., who was called to Dresden as Vize-Kapell-
accorded him two pensions. Works Op- — meister, and in 1694 succeeded Bernhardt
eras Mt'k'agre, Paris, 1709
: Man to la fee, ; as Hof-Kapellmeister. In the same year he
ib., 1711 Polydore, ib., 1720. Many bal-
; established an Italian opera at Leipsic, dur-
lets for the court festivals at Versailles ; 4 ing the fair, and settled there permanently
books of cantatas (1706, 1708, 1711, 1714) ;
in 1696, resigning his post in Dresden.
Collection of airs (Paris, 1709).—Fetis. Works — Operas
Der gliickselig steigende :
STRUENSEE, overture and incidental Sejanus, Der ungliickselig fallende Sejanus,

music, by Meyerbeer, to the five-act drama Hamburg, 1678 Die liebreiche, durch ;
of his brother, IMichael Beer, written for the Tugend und Schonheit erhohete Esther,
Princess of Prussia, and
first performed in Ber-
lin, Sept. 19, 1846. This
is Meyerbeer's only
work in this style, and
it containssome of his £:„^j.rSm^y^
best music. The over-
ture, one of his most successful instrumental Doris, Die drei Tochter des Cecrops, ib.,
'
compositions, was first performed by the 1680 David, oder der kunigliche Sklave, ;
London Philharmonic Society in 1848. The ib. Theseus, Semiramis, Florette, ib.,
,
;
448
STKUNZ
1683 ; Alceste, 1693 Leipsic,
Cliloris 1807 Messe solennelle 4 concertos for
; ; ; ;
Atalanta ; 1695 Jupiter und flute 3 do. for violoncello Concerto for
Rosalinde, ib., ;
; ;
Alkmene, Phokas, Pyrrhus, ib., 1G96 De- horn Several fantasias for do.
;
Sextet ;
;
metrius, Orion, Zeiiobia, ib., 1697; Circe, for 2 clarinets and 4 string instruments
;
Berenice, Alexander, Scipio und Hannibal, Quintets for flute and strings Quartets for
;
ib., 1698 Agrippina, Ixiou, Ereclitlieus, ib. strings Duos for flutes French romances,
;
; ;
— Fetis ; Gerber ; Mendel ; Schilling.

with pianoforte.— Futis ; Schilling, Supple-
STRUNZ, JACOB, born at Pappenheim, ment, 411.
Bavaria, in 1783, died in Munich, after STmiPF, JOHANN
CHRISTIAN, died
18-49. Instrumental and vocal composer, at Frankfort, in 1801. Virtuoso on the bas-
pupil of Metzger and Peter von Winter in soon, lived in Paris in 178.5, then was a
Munich, where lie obtained a j)osition in member of the orchestra at Altona until
the royal orchestra at the age of fourteen. 1798, when he became Repetitor at the
After a short time he left Munich, travelled Stadttheater in Frankfort. Works About :
through Germany, Holland, and England, 60 entr'actes for orchestra Pieces for 2 ;
giving concerts, and in 1800 became band- clarinets, 2 horns, and 2 bassoons Con- ;
master of a French regiment, with which certo for flute 4 concertos for bassoon ;
;
he made the campaign in Italy stationed Quai'tet for bassoon and strings Duos for
; ;
after its conclusion at Antwerp, he took his bassoons do. for clarinets do. for violin ; ;
leave and settled there, having become a and violoncello do. for violoncellos Duos ; ;
great favourite with the public. About and trios for violins. Fetis Mendel. — ;
1808 he went to Paris, where he taught and STUNTZ, JOSEPH H.IRTMANN, born
composed, and in 1823 accepted the post of at Arlesheim, near Basel, July 25, 1793,
Inspecteur des subsistances militaires dur- died in Munich, June 18, 1859. Dramatic
ing the war in Spain. On the conclusion composer, pupil of Peter von Winter in
of peace, he lived for a time at Barcelona, Munich, where he became Chormeister at
then travelled for seven years through the opera in 1823, Kapellmeister in 1824,
Spain, Greece, Asia, Egypt, and the Balearic and succeeded his master as Hof-Kapell-
Isles,and returned to Pai'is in 1831. About meister in 1826. Works Operas La rap- — :
to retirefrom public life, he lost his entire presaglia, Milan, 1819, and, as Schloss Lo-
fortune through a failure, and had recourse wiiiski, Vienna, 1826 Costautino, Venice,
;
to arranging operatic music for wind instru- 1820 Elvira e Lucindo, Milan, 1821 Ar-
; ;
ments. He composed, in 1834, two ballets gene ed Almira, Tiirin, 1822 Heinrich IV. ;
for the opening of the Theatre Nautique, zu Ivry, Munich, 1823 Caribald, ib., 1824 ; ;
and soon after was despatched to Germany, Rosa, Munich, 1845 Adasman und Balsora,
;
to engage a German opera trou^DC for that ballet, ib., 1831. Several masses with or-
theatre, which, however, had to close its chestra do. with organ
; Motets, ofterto- ;
doors before his return. He afterwards ries, etc. Stabat Mater, Vienna, 1822
; 2 ;
held an inferior position at the Opera Co- cantatas 2 overtures Symphonies Quai'- ; ; ;
mique, and on the opening of the Theatre tet for strings Choruses for male voices ; ;
de la Renaissance became its music director. Nocturnes for 2 voices. Fctis Îcndel. — ;
In 1849 he had retired to Munich. Works STURM, DER, overture to Shakespeare's

:
Bouffarelli, ou le prevot de Milan, opera- Tempest, by Georg Viciling, op. 6. Pub-

comique, Brussels, about 1806 Les courses Hshed by Trautwein (Berlin). Overture,
;
de Newmarket, do., Paris, 1818 Les same title and subject, by Taubert, op. 134.
;
nymphes des eaux, ballet, Guillaume Tell, Mus. Wochenblatt (1877), 719. —
do., ib., 1834 Music to Victor Hugo's
; STURM, DER, fantasia ou " The Tem-
" Ruy Bias " Cautate hcroique, Antwerp, pest," for orchestra, by Peter Iltitsch Tscliai-
;
413
: ;
SUBTLE
kowsky, op. 18, first given at the S3'mpLiony a French professor in New Orleans in 18G4,
Concert, St. Petersburg, Dec. 4, 1874. while convalescent in an army hospital. In
SUBTLE LOVE, WITH FANCY VIEW- 1873 he entered the Boston Conservatory
IXG, soprano ariti of Cleopatra, in A major, of Music, where he studied the organ under
with accompaniment of violins in unison, Eugene Thayer, and the violin and compo-
and bass, in Handel's Alexander Balus, Act sition under Julius Eichberg. He is now a
L, Scene 3. Published also separately, with music dealer and teacher, and organist of
the accompaniment filled out by Otto Dresel the First Baptist Church at Gouverneur.
(Leipsic, Breitkopf «fc Hiirtel). Works Sextet, morceau caracteristique
:
SUCH, EDWIN CHAKLES, born in Lon- for strings, op. 15G, written for the New
don, Aug. 11, 1840, still living, 1890. In- York Philharmonic Society, 1887 More ;
strumental and vocal composer, pupil of Fer- than 100 pieces of pianoforte music Songs ;
dinand Hiller at Cologne. Mus. Bac, Cam- and part-songs Several collections, origi- ;
bridge, 1877. Works Narcissus and Echo, nal and selected

: Didactic works and ;
dramatic cantata The Water-sprite, can- Schools for pianoforte and reed organ.
;
tata Psalm xlvi., for solo, chorus, and or-

; SU DEL NILO. See Akla. !
chestra; Anthems, part-songs, and songs; SUEVUS, FELICIANUS, guardian of the

Pianoforte pieces. Capuchin convent at Strasburg, in 1G50,
SUCHER, JOSEPH, born at Dobor, Ei- afterwards music director of a monastery
senburg, Hungary, Nov. 23, 1844, still liv- at Innspruck, where he still was in IGGl.
iug, 1890. He studied singing and the Works Cithara patientis Jobi versa iu luc-
:
violin in Vienna, and became a choir-boy in tum, motets for 3 voices, 2 violins, and basso
the court chapel in 1854 began the study continuo (Strasburg, 1G47) Magnificat seu
; ;
of law, but gave it up for music, and stud- vaticinium Dei Parentis, etc. (luspruck,
ied theory under Sechter. Then he became 1G51) Psalmi vespertiui (ib., 1651) Fasci-
; ;
Vize-Chormeister of the academic Gesaug- culus musicus sacrorum concentuum (ib.,

verein, Solo-Correpetitor of the Court 1G5G) Litania B. M. Virginis Lauretanae
;
Opera, and later conductor of the newly (ib., IGGl) Motetti a 2-5 voci con violini;
opened Comic Opera. In 187G he went to Sacra Eremus piarum cantionum, etc. Tuba ;
Leijjsic asconductor of the Stadttheater, sacra, seu concerti a 1-3 voci ; Magnificat a
and next year mariied the singer, Rosa Has- 3 voci. Fetis Mendel. — ;
selbeck. They settled in Hamburg iu 1879, SUHNOPFER DES NEUEN BUNDES,

and visited England in 1882. Both are DAS (The Sin-offering of the New Covenant),
good interpreters of Wagner. Works
oratorio, by Carl Loewe, written between
Waldfrtiulein, cantata ; Masses 1848 and 18G0.
Overtures ; ;
—
Songs. Wurzbach Mendel Fetis, Sup-
; ; SUITE ALGfiRIENNE (Algerian Suite),
plement, ii. 551 Mus. Wochenblatt, x. 3, consisting of a Pi-elude, Rhapsodie mau-
;
20. resque, Reverie du soir, and Marche mili-

SUDDS, TVrCLLIAM F born in Lon- taire fran5aise, by Saint-Saens. Published
,
don, England, March 5, 1843, still living, by Durand, Schoenewerk et Cie (Paris).
1890. Instrumental and vocal comjiosei', SUITE ARL1^:SIENNE, suite for orches-
self-instructed on the violin, guitar, flute, tra by Georges Bizet, compiled from his in-
cornet, and violoncello. His parents re- cidental music to Alphonse Daudet's drama,
moved to the United States when he was " L'Arlesienne." I. Prelude II. Minuetto ; ;
seven years old, and settled on a farm at III. Adagietto IV. Carillon. Published ;
Gouverneur, New York. He enlisted as a by Choudens (Paris).

soldier soon after the outbreak of the civil SUITE CRI^:0LE, for orchestra, by J. A.
war, and received his first music lessons from Brockhoveu, first performed at the Music
;
SUITE
Teachers' National Association, Boston, mirable baud for the seasons of 1878-79
;
Massachusetts, June 30, and July 2, 1886. he conducted the Promenade Concerts at
SUITE IN UNGARISCHER WEISE, for Covent Garden, and for those of 1875-77
orchestra, in F, by Joachim llaff, op. 19-4. I. the Glasgow Festivals, and in 1880 and
Ouvertiire, An der Grenze, Adagio 11. Triiu- ; 1883 the Leeds Festivals. He was prin-
merei, Auf der Puszta, Larghetto III. Bei ; cipal of the National Training School at
einem Aufzug der Honved, Quasi marcia IV. ; South Kensington, in 1876-81, and since
Volkslied mit Variationeu, Adagio V. Vor ; 1880 has been a member of the Council
der Czarda, Larghetto, and Finale, Vivace. of the Royal College of Music. In 1878
SULAIMITH, cantata for soli, chorus, and he acted as British Commissioner for music
orchestra, text from the Bible, music by at the lutei-national Exhibition in Paris,
Dr. Leopold Damrosch, first performed by when he was decorated with the Legion
the Oratorio Society of New York, Ajiril 22, of Honour, and in 1883 he was knighted.
1882. The solos were sung by Miss Sims Honorary Mus. Doc, Cambridge, 1876
and Mr. A. L. King. The score, dedicated do., Oxford, 1879. Order of Saxe-Coburg-
to the Oratorio Society of New York, jDub- Gotha. Works Operas and operettas — :
Hshed by G. Schirmer (New York, 1882). The Sapphire Necklace (not given) Cox ;
SULAIMITH, cantata for soli, chorus, and and Box, The Contrabandista, 1867 Tlies- ;
orchestra, text by Julius Rodenberg, music pis, 1871 Trial by Jury, The Zoo, 1875 ; ;
by Rubinstein, first given in Hamburg, Nov. The Sorcerer, 1877 H. M. S. Pinafore, ;
8, 1883. Published by Poliui (Hamburg, 1878 The Pirates of Penzance, 1880 Pa- ; ;
1885). Die vergniigte Sehnsucht der sehn- tience, 1881 lolanthe, 1882 Princess Ida, ; ;
enden Sulamith, oratorio by M. C. Wiede- 1881 The Mikado, or the Town of Titipu,;
burg, Hamburg, 1718 and Sulamith og 1885 Buddijgore, or the Witch's Curse,
; ;
Salomon, Danish cantata, by Johann Peder 1887 The Yeomen of the Guard, 1888
; ;
Emil Hartmann, about 1850, The Gondoliers, or The King of Baratai-ia,

SULLIVAN, Sir ARTHUR SEYMOUR, 1889. L'ile enchantce, baUet, 1861. Ora-
born in London, torios The Prodigal Son, Worcester Festi-
:
May 13, 1812, still val, 1869 The Light of the World, Bir-
;
living, 1890. Dra- mingham Festival, 1873 The Martyr of ;
matic composer, Antioch, Leeds Festival, 1880. Cantatas :
chorister in Chapel Kenilworth, Birmingham, 1801 ; On Shore

Ro^âl under Hel- and Sea, London, 1871 The Golden Le- ;
more, then pupil at gend, Leeds Festival, 1886, Worcester,

the Royal Academy Mass., 1889. Music to "The Tempest,"
of Music, 1856-58, The Merchant of
Crystal Palace, 1862 ; to "
ofGoss and Bennett, The Merrg Wives of
Venice," 1871 ; to "
and at the Leipsic Windsor," 1871 to " Henry YUI.," 1878 ; ;
Conservatorium, 1858-61, of Plaidy, Mo Overture and incidental music to "Mac-

scheles, Richter, Rietz, and Hauptmanu. Af beth," 1888. Overtures The Sapphire :
ter his return to London, he be-

came organist of St. Michael's
Church, Chester Square, and in
1867-71 conducted the music at
St. Peter's, Onslow Gardens. In
1874-76 he was musical adviser
to the Royal Aquarium Companj', and Nocklaco (ÎS.) Tn INIemoriam, Norwich ;
organized and himself conducted its ad- Festival, 1866; IMarmion, 1867; Oitvcrtura
445
;
SULZER
di Ballo, 1869. Procession Marcb, 1863 ;
Schir Zion, a collection of Jewish hymns ;
Symphony in E, Crystal Palace, 1866 ; 2 Te Dudaim, songs for school and home
Deum Anthems, and many hymn tunes I Psalms, and secular songs.
;
; — Wurzbach ;
wish to tune, ode for baritone with orches- Mendel Hanslick, Concertwesen in Wien, ;
tra ; Part-songs, and songs. —Grove ; Fetis, ii. 400.

Siii)i)lc'ment, ii. 551. SIBIER IS ICUMEN IN (Summer has
SULZER, JULIUS, born in Vienna, come in), rota or round for six voices, four
about 1837, still living, 1890. Son and pu- of which sing the rota, while two others
pil ofthe following, and pujîl of Sechter, sing the accompaniment called " pes." This
then studied in Italy under several masters, composition, on illuminated vellum, pre-
and was maestro concertatore at various served in the collection of Harleian MSS.,
theatres there. About 1862 he travelled British Museum, one of the oldest existing
through Europe and Asia, played at Con- specimens of part-writing, is believed to
stantinople before the sultan in 1864, was date from the 13th century. Mr. William
in Prague in 1865, and became Kapellmeis- W. Chappell, who has investigated the ques-
ter of the Italian opera at Bucharest in 1867, tion minutely, thinks that it was composed
and Court Kapellmeister to the Prince of by John of Fornsete, a monk in the Abbey
Roumauia in 1868. During the carnival of of Reading, and that it was written in 1226
1870 he conducted the opera at the court the- (certainly not later than 1236). Sumer is
atre in Turin, then visited Milan, appeared in icumen in is, therefore, the earliest known
concerts there, and in 1871 at Malta. Since example of mediaeval music to which a date
1875 he has been Kapellmeister at the Hof- can be assigned, and it defines the fact that
Burgtheater in Vienna. Works Johanna the early English school is, at least, a cen-
:
von Neapel, opera, Prague, 1865 Held tury and a half older than the first Flemish
;
Michael, do., Bucharest, 1870 Symphonic school (1370-1430), so long considered the
;
tone-painting Preghiera for horn and pi- earliest school of polyphonic music.
; The
anoforte Pianoforte music, and songs. MS., in perfect preservation, corresponds
;
— Wurzbach. exactly with the handwriting of the early

SULZER, SALOMON, born at Hohe- part of the 13th century. The structure of
nems, in Vorarlberg, March 30, 1804, still the rota gives further evidence of the an-
living, 1890. Vocal composer, pupil in tiquity of the English school, forit shows
Switzerland of Lippmann, with whom he clearly thatmusic had made great progress
travelled through France became cantor in
; before the system of notation had been ap-
his native village, when only sixteen years plied. Dr. Rimbault shows that the song
old, and in 1825 at the synagogue in Vi- is founded on the old ecclesiastical litany
enna, where he studied composition under chant, "Pater de coelisDeus." The flowing
Seyfried. In 1844-47 he was professor of melody and the rhythm resemble the Folk-
singing at the Conservatorium. He re- song, evolved from remote antiquity. The
ceived the gold medal for science and art, mixed character of the part-writing has
and 1868 the Order of Franz Joseph
in puzzled musical antiquaries. It includes
;
also various other medals. His great ser- passages of rude discant, strict counter-
vices to Jewish music consist in the reduc- jioint, progressions which belong to the time
tion to rhythm and harmony of the old of Palestrina, and constant violation of car-
religious melodies. Among his friends he dinal rules, such as the formation of con-
numbered Meyerbeer, Schubert, Schumann, secutive No explanation has been
fifths.
Paganini, Thalberg, Liszt, and many others, made two distinct systems of part-
of the
and in 1866 he was presented with a silver writing, separated by the lapse of two or
laurel from the artists of Vienna. Works : three centuries, which occur in this work.
446
; —
SUPERBIA
In the MS., the notes, signature, and English Flotte Bursche, ib., 1863 Das Corps der ;
words are black the lines of the stave, the Rache, Pique-Dame, Franz Schubert, ib.,
;
cross indicating the entrance of the second 1864 Die schOne Galatea, ib., 1865 Leichte ; ;
voice, the Latin words, directions for sing- Cavallerie, Freigeister, ib., 1866 Banditen-
;
ing, and the second initial letter are blue ;

streiche, ib., 1867
Die Frau Meisterin,
;
and the first and third initial letters are red. Tantalusqualen, 1868 ib.,
Isabella, ib., ;
—Grove, iii. 268, 765 iv. 1 Catalogue of ; ; 1869 Cannebas, ib., 1870 Die Prinzessin
; ;
the Harleian MSS., i. 978 Chappell, Popu- ; von Dragant, Prague, 1870 Fat in if za, Vi- ;
lar Music of the Olden Time, i. 21 Burney, ; enna, 1876; Der Teufel auf Erden, ib.,
ii. 93 Hawkins, i. 408 Coussemaker, L'Art
; ; 1878 Boccaccio, ib., 1879 Donna Juanita,
; ;
harmonique aux XII. et XIII. siecles, 14-4- ib., 1880 Der Gaskogner, ib., 1881 Herz-
;
;
150 Ritter, Music in England, 22 Met-

; ;
bliittchen, 1882 Die Afrikareise, ib.,
ib., ;
calfe, the Rounds, Catches, and Canons of 1883 ; Des Matrosen Heimkehr, Hamburg,
England. 1885 ; Bellman, Vienna, 1887 Die Jagd
;
SUMM' TJND BRUMM'. See Fliegende nach dem Gliick, ib., 1888. Music to many
Hollander. farces, vaudevilles, etc. Missa dalmatica ;
SUONI LA TROMBA. See Puritani. Requiem Symphony ; ; Overtures, includ-

SUPERBIA D' ALESSANDRO, LA (Alex- ing Dichter und Bauer ; Quartets ; Songs.
ander's Pride), Italian opera, text by Mauro, —Wurzbach ; Fetis, Supplement, ii. 553.
music by Steflfani, dated, in the conducting SUPPLIANT, A GENOL^S:. See Fdle
score, 1691. It contains many songs with du Regiment.
obligato instrumental parts, and one song SURCOUF, comic opera, music by Ro-
with cembalo solo. bert Planquette, represented at the Folies-
SUPPE, FRANZ VON (Francesco Eze- Dramatiques, Paris, Oct. 6, 1887. Surcouf
c hie1e Ermenegildo, was a pirate, a celebrity of Saint-Malo, Brit-
Cavaliere Suppc-De- tany. The opera was a success.
melli), born at Spalato, SUR TilES GENOUX, FILS DU SO-
Dalmatia, April 18, LEIL. See Africaine.
1820, still living, 1890. SURPRISE SYMPHONY (Mit dem Pau-
Dramatic composer kenschlag), G, by Haydn, written in
in
first studied the flute, 1791. The second movement in C is the
and, sent by his father one which gave the name Surprise to
to study philosophy at the symphony. It is based on a simple
the university of Padua, phrase, which begins pianissimo and ends
continued his under with the unexpected crash of the entire or-
musical education
Cigala and Ferari, and and a sharp blow on the kettledrums
is said to have re- chestra
ceived some suggestions from Donizetti. (Paukenschlag). I. Adagio cantabile, Vi-
He became the pupil of Sechter and Sey- vace assai n. Andante HI. Menuetto, Alle- ; ;
fried in Vienna was Kapellmeister at the gro molto IV. Finale, Allegro di molto.
; ;
Josephstiidter Theater there, then at Pres- Salomon Set, No. 3 Breitkopf A: Hiirti'l, ;
burg, at Baden, and again in Vienna, at the No. 6. Upton, Standard Symphonies, 157. —
Theater an der Wien, until 1862, and at SUSANNA, oratorio in three acts, author
the Carl-Theater since 1865. Works of text unknown, music by Handel, fii-st
Comic operas and Operettas Der Apfel, given at Covent Garden, London, in 1749.
:
Zara, 1834 Das Madchen vom Lande, Vi- This work, composed when Handel was
;
enna, 1847 Paragraph 3, ib., 1858

; Das sixty-three years of age, is dated, at the be-
;
Pensionat, ib., 1860 Die Kartenschlilgeriu, ginning, July 11, 1748 at the end of the
; ;
Zehn Madchen und kein Mann, ib., 1862 first part, July 21, 1748 at the end of the ;
;
447
;
SUSSMAYER
second, August 21st; at the eucl of the third, 1795 I due Gobbi (with Paer), London,
;
August 9th aud the final date, Aug. 2i,

; 1796 Die Freiwilligen, Vienna, 1796 Der
; ;
1748. It was given foui* times at Co vent Wildfang, ib,, 1798 Der Marktschreier,
;
Garden in 1749, aud revived there in March, ib., 1799 Solimau H., ib., 1799 Die Jagd
; ;
;
1759. The work is more in the character Gulnare, ib., 1800 Phasma, ib,, 1801
;
;
of a serious opera than an oratorio. The Liebe macht kurzen Process (with others),
choruses do not rank with Handel's great- ib., 1801, Cantatas Der Retter in Gefahr
:
;
est, but this composition contains some of Ai'iadne a Nassos Der Kampf f iir den
;
his best solos, and is remarkable for its Frieden Cantate auf die Aukunf t des Erz-
;
melody and the beauty of its instrumental herzogs Karl. Church music, Wurzbach ; —
accomjâniments. Characters represented : Mendel ; Fctis ; Schilling ; Gerber.
Susanna (S.) Joachim, her husband (A.)
; SVENDSEN, JOHAN (SEVERIN), born
Chelsias, her father (B.) Daniel (T.) First
; ; at Christiania, Norway,
Elder (T.) ; Second Elder (B.) and a Judge
; Sept. 30, 1840, still
(B.). Susanna
persecuted by two Elders,
is living, 1890, Violin-
but remains true to her husband Joachim. ist, son of a military
Her "If guiltless blood be your in-
aria, band-master; wrote
tent," has been frequently sung as a bravura his first composition
air at musical festivals, and her song, " Ask for the violin at the
if yon damask rose " Avas long popular. It age of eleven. He en-
was sung in the opera " Love in a Village " listed in the army at
(1762), to the words " Let rakes and Uber- fifteen as a member of
tines." This oratorio was sung in London the band, first as clar-
in 1876, under the direction of Mr. H. "Weist inetist, became band-master, played then
Hill, with additional accompaniments by Mr. as flutist, at the same time perfecting him-
Halberstadt. The score, in Buckingham self on the violin. Having left the army
Palace, was first published by Walsh (Lon- in 1861, he played for a time in the orches-
don) Hiindel-Gesellschaft, Breitkopf & tra of the theatre, then travelled through
;
Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1858). —

Rockstro, Handel, Sweden and North Germany, and two years
290 Athenaeum (1876), i. 508.
; after was presented with a liberal stipend
SUSS:\L\YER, FRANZ XAVER, born at by the king, Karl XV., which enabled him
Steyer, Uj)per Austria, in 1766, died in Vi- to perfect himself as a violinist. Soon
enna, Sept. 17, 1803. Dramatic composer, after, having been attacked by paralysis in
pupil of Georg Pasterwitz, in the Benedic- the hand, he gave up the bow for composi-
tine monaster}' of Kremsmiinster then tion, went in 1863 to Leipsic, where his
;
pupil of Mozart and Salieri in Vienna. He works were already known, and entered the
became Kapellmeister at the National-The- finishing class in the Conservatorium, study-
ater in 1792, and second Kapellmeister at ing under Hauptmann, David, Richter, and
the court opera in 1794, He was the in- Reinecke. He received the honorary grand
timate friend of Mozart, aud received from medal of the Academy before leaving Leip-
the great composer's lips directions for com- sic in 1867, travelled in Denmark, Scotland,
pleting the unfinished Requiem, "Works aud Norway, and in 1868 went to Paris,
:
Moses, Oder der Auszug aus Egypten, opera, playing in Musard's orchestra and at the
Vienna, 1792. Operettas Die schune Schus- Odeon, and became intimate with de Beriot,
:
terin, ib. L' incanto superato, ib., 1793

; Vieuxtemps, and Leonard, He returned
;
Der Spiegel aus Arkadien, ib., 1794 Die to Leipsic in 1870, conducted the Euterpe
;
neuen Arkadier Der Tiirke in Neapel, concerts in 1871-72, and the concerts of
;
Prague, 1794; Die edle Rache, Vienna, the Music Association at Christiania in
448
;
SWAN
1872-77, and bad several decorations con- Among tbe best known of liis psalm tunes
ferred on him by tbe king. lu 1877 be are Ocean, Poland, Cbiua, and Pownal.
revisited Leipsic, went to Muuicb, and SWEELINCK, JAN PIETER, born
spent tbe winter in Rome ; visited London Amsterdam, be-
in tbe summer of 1878, tben was in Paris tween April and
till 1880, wben be returned to bis former October, 15G2, died
post at Cbristiania. In 1883 bo was ap- tbere, Oct. 10,
pointed court Capelmester at Copenbagen. 1621. Organist,
Works Quartet for strings, in A minor, op. pupil of Jakob
:
1 Quartets for men's voices, op, 2 Octet Buyck, pastor of

; ;
for strings in A minor, op. 3 Sympbony tbe Old Cburcb, at ;
in D, op. 4 Quintet for strings in C, op. Amsterdam. It bas

;
5 Concerto for violin and orcbestra in A, been said tbat be

;
op. 6 Do. for violoncello and orcbestra in studied in Venice under Zarlino and Ga-
;
D minor, op. 7 Ouverture in C, to Bjorn- brieli, but tbis idea probably arose from bis
;
son's drama of Sigurd Slembe, op. 8 Lo car- baving made a close study of Zarlino, and;
naval a Paris, for orcbestra, op. 9 Marcbe from baving translated bis Istituzioni bai--
;
funebre for Cbarles XV., op. 10 Zorahayde, monicbe. He Avas appointed organist in
;
legend for orcbestra, op. 11 ; Polonaise bis fatber's place, between 1577 and 1581,
for do., op. 12; Coronationmarcb for Oscar and was for a generation considered tbe
n,, op. 13 Marriage cantata for cborus and glory of Amsterdam. Tbe greatest of tbe
;
orcbestra, op. 14 Sympbony No. 2, in Dutcb poets, Vondel, wrote bis epitapb and
;
B-flat, op. 15 Carnaval des artistes nor- surnamed bim tbe Plutnix of music. Ho
;
vegiens, Norwegische Rbapsodien was a famous player of tbe clavicymbel, and

op. 16 ;
for orcbestra, op. 17, 19, 21,and 22 Over- taugbt, among otber pupils, Christina van ;
ture to Romeo und Julia, op. 18 Scandi- Erp, tbe celebrated lutenist. He was tbe
;
navian airs, arranged for string quartet, op. founder of a scbool of organists, and bis in-
20 Five songs, Frencb and German, op. 23
; was felt tbrougbout uortbern Ger- ;
fluence
Four do., Frencb and Norwegian, op. 24: many, nearly all tbe leading organists of
Romance by Popper, arranged for violon- tbe next generation baving been bis schol-
cello and pianoforte, op. 25 Romance for
ars. His pupil Scboidemann banded down
;
violin and orcbestra, in G., op. 26 the tradition to Reinecke, and it found its
Arrange- ;
consummation in Sebastian Bacb. His or-

ments for orcbestra of pianoforte works by
Bacb, Scbubert, and Scbumann gan pieces present the first known example
do. of ;
Norwegian, Swedisb, and Icelandic folk- of an independent use of tbe pedal.

songs. Grove —
Fctis, Supplement, ii. Works
; His vocal music, the only kind :
555 Riemann Mus. Wocbenblatt, ii. 214, publisbed during bis lifetime, includes, be-
; ;
230. sides occasional canons, marriage songs,

SWALLOW DUET. See Mtgnon. etc., bis chansons fran»;aiscs, 3 parts (Ant-
SWAN, TBIOTHY, born at Worcester, werp, 1592-94) Rimes franyaises et xia.- ;
Massacbusetts, July 23, 1758, died at Nortb- liennes (Leyden, 1612) and tbe great col- ;
field, Mass., July 23, 1842. He began to lections of sacred nuisic on wbicli, with bis
teacb music early, lived at Groton in 1774, organ nnisic, bis fame cbielly rests. Tlicso
and at Nortbfield in 1775, and was probably are tbe Pseaumes mis en musique, for 4-8
one of tbe editors of Federal Harmony, pub- voices, several editions (Leyden, Amster-
lisbed about 1795. He publisbed also Tbe dam, Berlin) ; Cantiones Sacne (.Vutwerp,
New England Harmony (Nortbampton, 1619). A Regiiia Ccrli from tbe latter, 3
1801), and tbe Songster's Museum (1803). Chansons, 8 Psalms in 6 parts, have been
4-l'J
;
SWEET
lately reprinted in organ score by the Asso- Conservatory of Moscow, lectures on mu-
ciation for of Dutch Music, sical history, and at the University of St.
the History
parts I., MI. and VI. (Utrecht and Amster- Petersburg gave lectures on the theory of
dam, 18G9-77). Seven of his organ works music and dramatic composition in 1859
also have been published for the first time and 186-4, and at the Artists' Club there, in
—
by this Association. Tiedeman, J. P. Swee- 1870, on the development of opera. In
liuck (Amsterdam, 187G) ; Fetis ; Kiemann 1885 a monument to his memory was erect-
Mendel ; Gerber ; Viotta ; Grove. ed in St. Petersburg. Works Yudit (Ju- :
SWEET BIRD, THAT SHUN'ST, so- dith), grand opera in five acts, St. Peters-
prano scena of II Pensieroso, in D major, burg, May 16, 1863; Rognyeda, do., ib.,
with accompaniment of traversicre and Oct. 27, 1865 TarasBulba, do. (unfinished,
;
strings complete, in Handel's L' Allegro, il text taken from Gogol's epic), 1866 Kuz- ;
Pensieroso, ed il Moderato, Part I., No. 17. nyets Wakula (Wakula the Smith), do. (un-
SWERT. See De Swert. finished), 1867 Wrazyia siela (The power
;
SYBARITES, LES, ou les surprises de of the enemy), do. (5th act finished by Solo-
I'amour, ballet in one act, text by Mar- vieflf), ib., 1871 Ave IMai-ia, written for
;
moutel, music by Rameau,

at the Academic Royale de Musique,
July 12, 1757.
SYEROFF (Serow),
first represented
ALEXANDER
Paris,
<^.
Adelina Patti, 1868
^^^_ ; Stabat Mater, for three
NIKOLAYEVITCH, female voices ; Music to Schiller's Song of
born in St. Peters- the Bell ; Songs, etc. — Fetis, Supplement,
burg, May 11, 1820, ii. 511 ; Riemann ; Mendel.
died there, Jan. 20 SYLPHIDE, LA, ballet in two acts, text
(Feb. 1), 1871. Dra- by Adolphe Nourrit, music by Schneitz-
matic composer, con- hffifi'er, first represented at the Opera,
sidered in Russia sec- Paris, March 12, 1832. The pai-t of La
ond to Glinka only. Sylphide was one of Mile Taglioni's greatest,
His musical gifts de- and she was the first to dance it in Paris
veloped early, but as and in London, where it was given at Co-
his father wished him to follow the law as a vent Garden, July 26, 1832. Thackeray
profession he had no musical instruction mentions this ballet in " Pendennis."
except from an aged female relative, and SYLVAIN, comedie in one act, text by
later from Carl Schuberth on the violon- Marmontel, music by Greti-y, first rep-
cello. On leaving school he devoted all resented at the Italiens, Paris, Feb. 19,
his spare time to studying the theoretical 1770. This is one of Gretry's best works,
works of Albrechtsberger, Kirnberger, and and it was quite as successful as Lucile.
others, writing for his own use long criti- The baritone Cailleau sang the part of
cisms on their works, which laid a good Sylvain, and Mile Clairon that of his wife,
foundation for his position later as a Helene, in the original cast. Clement et —
musical critic and writer. It was not till Larousse, Oil Gretry, Essais sur la mu- ;
1850, after holding an appointment in the sique, 177.

Crimea, that he forsook the law for music SYLVANA (Silvana), romantic German
and came before the public, first as a critic opera in three acts, text by Franz Karl
and editor, and in 1863 as a dramatic com- Hiemer, music by Carl Maria von Weber,
poser. The Czar pensioned him, and there- first represented at Frankfort-on-the-Main,
after he became known as a purely national Sept. 16, 1810. This opera, which, with
composer. He instituted, in 1865, at the its mediaeval romanticism, belongs to the
450
;
SYLYESTKE
middle group of Weber's dramatic composi- chorus, and orchestra
Psalms ex., cxi.,
;
tions, was the precursor of Euryanthe. The and cxii., for do. ; Cantatas
Motets Cant- ; ;
music is characteristic of Weber, and the icles, etc. —

Futis, Supplement, ii. 557.
orchestra illustrates and follows the action SYLVIE, ou la nyniphe de Diane, ballet
and pantomime as in Wagner's musical in three acts and five tableaux, text by
dramas. The overture and several themes Jules Barbier and L. Merante, music by
were taken from Weber's earlier opera Leo Delibes, first represented at the Opera,
Das Waldmildchen, in two acts, text by Paris, June The scene is in the
14, 187G.
the Ritter von Stainsburg, and first rep- woodlands, where nymphs, dryads, fauns,
resented at Freiburg, Nov. 24, 1800. Or- and satyrs sport. Characters represented :
iginal cast Sylvana (S.), Mile Caroline

: Sylvie, Diane, Cupidou, Thalie, Terpsichore,
Brandt Mechtilde (S.), Mile Lang Klara
; ; Aminte, Orion, nymphs, satyrs, fauns, dry-
(S.), Mile Isermann Eudolf (T.), Herr ; ads, peasants, and shepherds. The music,
Mohrhardt Albert (T.), Herr Hill Adel-
; ; which is fanciful and delicate, has been
bardt (B.), Herr Berthold Ki'ij)s (B.), Herr ; frequently played at concerts in this order :
Lux Fust (B.), Herr Leissring Kurt (B.),

; ; I. Prelude, Les chasseresses H. Inter- ;
Herr Kronner. It was first given in Berlin, mezzo et Valse lente ; HL Pizzicati ; J\\
July 10, 1812 in Dresden in 1815
; in ; Cortege de Bacchus. The ballet was given
Leipsic in 1818 and in London, at the Sur-
; in German as Sylvia, die Nympho der
rey Theatre, Sept. 2, 1828. It was revived Diana, Vienna, Oct. 25, 1877 and first in ;
at the Stadttheater, Leipsic, March 27, 1885, New York by the American Opera Com-
revision by Ernst Pasque,
of the text of pany, Academy of Music, March 24, 188G.
the music by Ferdinand Langer and ; it —Hanslick, Mus. Stationen, 96 ; ]\Ius. Wo-
was given at Kroll's Theater, Berlin, July, chenblatt (1877), 641 ; Signale (1877), 1025 ;
1889. Several additions were made to the Lajarte, ii. 248.

music, including the Aufforderung zum SYMPHONIC FANTASIA, "Spring of
Tanz, and parts of the pianoforte sonata in Life and Love," for orchestra, by Franz
A-flat. Two editions of the pianoforte score, Xavier Arens, first given at the lilusical
an-anged by Weber, were published by Union, St. Louis, in the season of 1887-88.
Schlesinger (Berlin). — Jiihns, Weber Ver- SYlklPHONIE ESPAGNOLE (Spanish
zeichniss,No. 87 Weber, Weber, i. 153, 215, Symphony), for violin and orchestra, by
;
345, 3G4, 462 Allgem.

; mus. Zeitg., xiv. I^douard Lalo, op. 21. I. Allegi-o nou
532, 572, 581 xv. 239

; xxx. 517 Grove, troppo
; n. Scherzando, Allegi'o molto
; ;
iv. 412 Ciicilia, viii. 271

; Signale (1885), III. Intermezzo, Allegretto non troppo
;
385. rV. Andante V. Rondo, Allegro. ;
SYLVESTRE, FRANgOIS XAVIER, SYMPHONIE FANTASTIQUE. See

born at Lacoste (Vaucluse) in 1793, died at iSpisode de la vie d'un artiste.
Aix (Bouches-du-Rhone), July 27, 185G. SYMPHONIE FUNfiBRE ET TRIOÎ-
Church composer, first instructed at Ca- PHALE (Funeral and Triumphal Sym-
vaillon by one Derive, then entered the phony), symphony in three parts, for mil-
army, and became sous-chef de musique. itary band, music by Berlioz, op. 15. Com-
On the downfall of the Empire, he was mar- posed for the translation of the remains of
ried at Lauris, and there studied under the victims of July and the inauguration of
Gamier, ex-oboe player at the Opera. He the Bastille Column, and first performed in
lived afterwards at Forcalquier, then settledthe open air, Paris, July 28, 1840, after-
at Aix, where in 1829 he assumed the direc- wards at the Conccrts-Viviennc, Aug. 6-14,
tion of the maitrise of the Metropolitan 1840. The score was dedicated to the Due
church. Works Four masses for :soli, d'Orluans, and published by Maurice Schlc-
461
;
SYMPHONIE
singer (Paris). Publisbed with string or- to Richard Wagner, was published by Breit-
chestra and chorus ad hbitum, text by An- kopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1858). Pohl, Liszt, —
—
thony Deschamps. JulUen, BerHoz (1888), 238 Neue Zeitschr. (1860), ii. 193, 201, ;
56, 64, 75. 213, 221 Upton, Standard Symphonies, ;
SYIklPHONIE L^GENDAIRE, with cho- 175.

rus, music by Benjamin Godard, first given SYMPHONISCHE DICHTUNGEN
at the Chatelet concerts, Paris, Dec. 19, (Symphonic Poems), a title chosen by Liszt
1886. for twelve orchestral compositions. 1. Ge
SYMPHONIE TRAGIQUE, in C minor, qu'on entend sur la montagne (1856) ; H.

by Asger Hamerik, op. 32, first performed Tasso, Lameuto e trionfo (1854) ; III. Les
in Baltimore, Maryland, April 18, 1885. Preludes (1854) ; IV. Orpheus (1854) V. ;
L Grave ; II. Andante penitente ; III. Al- Prometheus (1850) ; VI. Mazeppa (1854)
legro marcato ; IV. Adagio. The score, Vn. Festldancje (1856) ; VIH Ilerdlde fu-
dedicated to Ludwig II. of Bavaria, was ncbre ; IX. Ilungaria (1856) ; X. Hamlet
published by Andre (Offenbach - on -the- (1859) ; XL Hunnenschlacht (1857 - 58)
Main, 1886). Transcription for jnanoforte Xn. Die Ideate (1857). Scores published
by the composer. by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic). — Neue
SYMPHONIES (Sinfonie), fifteen short Zeitschr. (1863), i. 77, 85, 93.
pianoforte pieces, in three real parts, writ- SYMPSON (Simpson), CHRISTOPHER,
ten by Johann Sebastian Bach in 1720 born in England
or 1723, as a course of instruction for his about 1610, died at
Bon, "Wilhelm Friedemann. Their form is Turnstile (Hol-
founded on that of the Italian instrumental born ?), about 1670.
trios, as developed by Corelli, Albiuoui, and Virtuoso on the
Vivaldi. They follow the Inventions, and viola da gamba,
with these compositions exhibit a wonderful served in the army
variety of double and triple counterpoint. raised by the Duke
There are three autographs of these com- of Newcastle in sup-
positions :One, Friedemann Bach's copy, port of Charles I.,
in which the Inventions are separated from and afterwards was
the Symphonies one, in which each Inven- patronized by Sir Robert Bolles, a Leices-
;
tion is followed by a Symphony written in tershire baronet, whose son he taught the
the same key and one, in which the In- viol. Works The Division- Violist, or an
; :
ventions and Symphonies are arranged ac- Introduction to the Playing upon a Ground
cording to the ascending order of the (London, 1659, 1667, 1712) A Compen- ;
scale. —Spitta, Bach, i. 672 do. (Bell), ii. dium of Practical Music (ib., 1665, 1667,
;
58. and several other editions up to 1760) Art ;
SYMPHONIE ZU DANTE'S DIVINA Composing Musik in Parts,

of Discant, or
COM]\IEDIA, symphony for orchestra, with by Dr. Thomas Campian, with annotations
soprano and alto chorus, by Franz Liszt. thereon by Christopher Sympson (ib., 1655).
I. Inferno (Lento) II. Purgatorio (Andante
; Grove Fetis Mendel. — ; ;
con moto quasi allegretto) HI. Magnificat ; SZAMOTULSKI, WACLAW (Venceslaus

(L' istesso tempo). The chorus chaunts the Samotuliensis), born at Szamotuly, Poland,
]\Iagnificat in the old classic style in the in the 16th century, studied at the College
finale, for which the composer wrote two of Lukzanki, Posen, then at the University
endings, one in which the strains die away of Cracow was afterwards appointed music ;
as if heard in the distance, the other in ex- director to King Zygmunt August. His
ultant Hallelujahs. The score, dedicated compositions were universally admired,
; , ;
SZCZEPAKOWSKI
though he died when scarcely forty-three PAEL.VNT, LE (The Talking TABLEAU
years of age. Works The Lamentations :
Picture), comedie in one act, text by
of Jeremiah Alleluia Christe qui lux es
; ; Auseaume, music by Grutry, first rep-
et dies, motet for 4 voices Beatus vir, do. resented at the Italieus, Paris, Sept. 20,
;
;
Psalm Ixxxv,, to Polish woi'ds The Psalm 17G9. The work, which contains many
;
xiv., do. Evening Prayer for 4 voices pleasing airs, was composed in two months.
;
;
Polish songs, for do. — Fetis, Supplement, Mme Laruette sang the part of Colombino,
ii. 557 ; Sowiuski. and M. Claii-val that of Pierrot, at the first
SZCZEPANOWSia, STANISLAW, born performance. —
Clement et Larousse, G45 ;
at Cracow, in 1814, still living (?), 1890. Grutry, Essais sur la musique, i. 181.
Virtuoso on the guitar, pupil of Horecki at TACEA LA NOTTE PLACIDA See II
Edinburgh, whither he went at an early Trovatore.
age, and of Fernando Sor in Paris he re- TACETE, OHIMi^, TACETE, duet for;
turned to Edinburgh, where he gave his soprano and bass, in E-llat major, No. X.
first concert in 1839, then made a brilliant of the C/iam6e?'-Duets, by Handel (Hihulel-
tour through Scotland and England, and gesellschaft, 32 B). Published also separa-
appeared in Paris, where he won the ap- tely, with the accompaniment filled out by
plause of Chopin, Kalkbrenuer, Liszt, etc. Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
After new travels in Eui-oiê, he went to TADOLINI, GIOVANNI, born in Bolo-
London, where he married an English- gna in 1793, died there, Nov. 29, 1872.
woman, was naturalized, and from time to Dramatic composer, pupil in composition
time undertook concert tours to nearly all of Mattel, and in singing of Babini ap- ;
the principal cities of Europe. He was a pointed by Spontini in 1811 accompanist

master also on the violoncello, and sometimes and chorus-master at the Theatre des Ita-
2)layed instrument in his concerts. lieus, Paris, retaining the post until 1814,
that
Works Phantasy on an English song La when he returned to Italy. He was about
: ;
jota aragonesa Introduction et variations twenty years old when he wrote his first
;
on a theme by Sor, for the left hand only opei'a in 1830 he returned to Paris with ; ;
Les difficultes de la guitare Souvenir de his wife, Eugenia Savorini (born at Forli,
;
Varsovie, potpourri militaire Variations sur 1809), a well-known soprano singer, and re-
;
un air polonais Duo comique sur le Car- sumed his functions at the Theatre Italicu,
;
naval de Venise Mazureks originales but in 1839 went back to Bologna. Works
;
Quatre mazureks Many others. Fetis,

; —
Operas La fata Alcina, Venice, 1815 — :
;
Supplement, ii. 558 Sowiuski Wurz- La i^rincipessa di Navarra, Bologna, 181G

; ;
bach. II credulo d e 1 u s o
SZfiKELY, IMEE, born at Matyfalva, Rome, 1817; Tamer-
Hungary, May 8, 1823, still living, 1890. lano, Bologna, 1818 II ;
Pianist, appeared with success in Paris and finto molinaro, Rome,

London, where he repeatedly took up his 1820 ]\Ioctar, gran ;
abode, at Hamburg, and other cities of visir di Adrianopoli,

Germany, and in 1852 settled at Pesth, Milan, 1824 Mitridatc, ;
where he is much esteemed as a teach- Venice, 1820 Alman- ;
er. Works Pieces symphoniques, for zor, Trieste, 1827. Can-

:
orchestra Ensembles for string instru- tatas, romances, and canzouetto Trio for
; ;
ments Concertos for pianoforte Fantai- pianoforte, oboe, and bassoon

; ;
lioiulo for ;
sies, utudcs, and many morceaux do salon, pianoforte and flute. Fi'tis ^Fondcl. — ;
for do.— Ft'tis, Supplement, ii. 559 Wurz- TA FILLE EN CE MOMENT. Sec Li
;
bacb. J(live.
453
;: ;
TAG
TAG, CHRISTIAN GOTTHTLF, bom at Duos for violins ; Sonatas, fantasias, varia-
Bayerfekl, Saxony, in 1735, died at Nieder- tions, and other music for the violin ;
Quar-
zwouitz, July 10, 1811. Church composer, tets for mixed voices, with wind instru-
studied at the Ki-euzschule in Dresden ments Quartets for male voices Songs. ; ; ;
cantor at Hohenstein for fifty-three years. Fctis Mendel Riemann Schilling. — ; ; ;
Works in MS. 72 church cantatas for the

: TAGLIETTI, GIULIO, born at Brescia
Sundays and Feastdays of the entire year about 16G0, died (?). Instrumental com- ;
11 masses and hymns 46 motets 20 poser was professor about 1700 at the
; ; ;
Christmas arias 6 Passion arias ; 68 Gre- ; Collegio Nobile di S. Antonio in his native
goriusarien 20 wedding songs with clar-
; city. Works : Sonate da camera a tro (Bo-
inets, horns, oboes, and bassoons 22 choral- ; logna, 1G97) ; Sei concerti a quattro e sin-
preludes for organ 3 rondos for do. ; 4 ; fonie a tre (Venice, 1696) ; Arie da suonare
symphonies for do. Symphony for orches- ; col violoncello e spinetto, etc.; Concerti o
tra Quartet for strings. Published works
;
capricci a quattro (Venice, 1699) ; Sonate
6 choral preludes with Trio and Allabreve da camera a tre ; Pensieri musicali ad uso
(Leipsic, 1783) Lieder, 4 collections (ib.,
; Con- d' arie cantabili, etc. (Venice, 1709) ;
1783, 1785, 1793, 1798) 70 variations on ; Sonate a violino e certi a 4 violini, etc.;
basso Sonate da camera a 2 violini, etc.
an Andantino, for pianoforte (ib., 1785) 12 ; ;
preludes, and a symphony for organ (ib., Arie ad uso dello cantabili, etc.; Concerti a
1795) Der Glaube, melody with organ, quattro con suoi rinforzi
; Pensieri da ;
(ib., 1793) Urians Reise um die Welt und camera a 2 violini e basso. Fetis Mendel.
; — ;
Urians Nachricht von der Aufklarung (ib., TAGLIETTI, LUIGI, lived at Brescia
1797) ; Naumann, ein Todtenopfer (Berlin,
about the end of the 17th century. Instru-
1803) ; Melodic zum Vaterunser, etc. (Penig, mental composer, probably a brother of the
1803) ; WOrHtz, eine Ode (Berlin, 1803). preceding. Works Sonate per violino e :
— Fe-tis ; Mendel ; Schilling. violoncello, etc. (Venice) ; Concertini e pre-

TAGESZEITEN, Die (The Four Divi- ludi, etc. ; Concerti a quattro e sinf onie a tre ;
sions of the Day), four movements for cho- Sonate a violino e basso
Sonata da camera ;
rus, pianoforte, and orchestra, by

Raflf, op. a tre Arie ad uso delle cantabili, etc. Pen- ; ;
209. sieri da camera a tre. Ft'tis Mendel. — ;
TAGLICHSBECK, THO^ÎAS, born at TAGLIONI, FERDINANDO, born at

Ansbach, Bavaria, Dec. 31, 1799, died at Naples, Sept. 14, 1810, stiU living, 1890.
Baden-Baden, Oct. 5, 1867. Violinist, pu- Dramatic and church composer, and didac-
pil of Rovelli and in composition of Gratz tic writer, son of the famous choregrapher
in Munich became violinist in the theatre Salvatore Taglioni pupil, at Lucca, of Mas-
;
;
orchestra there in 1817, and later Kajiell- similiano Quilici on the pianoforte, and of
meister. After travelling in Germany, Hol- Domenico Quilici in harmony and counter-
land, and Denmark, he was Kapellmeister point ; then, at Naples, whither he returned
to the Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen in 1828, pupil of Raimondi and Count Gal-
in 1827-48 was conductor of the theatre
; lenberg. He devoted himself to teaching
orchestra in Strasburg, settled at Lowen- singing, and formed many distinguished
berg, Silesia, in 1852, and spent the rest of pupils. In 1842—49 he was maestro di cap-
his Hfe in Dresden and Baden -Baden. pella of the Reale Santa Casa di Lanciano,
Works Weber's Bild, opera, Munich, 1823
: and also of the theatre there, then maestro
2 symphonies Concerto militaire, for vio-
; concertatore at the Teatro San Carlo in
lin and orchestra Concertino for do. Vari- ; ; Naples until 1852, when he fled to escape
ations for do.; Polonaise for do.; Mass with punishment for some political offence. Af-
orchestra Trio for pianoforte and strings
;
;
ter obtaining pardon, he became editor of
454
TALE
the Gazzetta musicale. In 1856 he intro- Lion, Signor Rota; Sir Kenneth,
Ivnight
duced, the first in Italy, historic-classical
of the Leopard, Signor Campauiui Emir ;
concerts, for which he wrote the commen- Sheerkohf, Signor Campobello

Nectabano, ;
taries he was also the first in Italy to slave to Queen Berengaria, Signor
;
Cata-
occupy himself with the instruction of cho- lini II barone de Vaux, a follower of
;
ral singing, and founded the first school for Richard, Signor Rinaldini
II duca d' Aus- ;
it, in Naples, in 1865. Member of several tria, Signor Casaboni II re di Francia, ;
academies. Order of SS. Maurice et Signor Costa Berengaria, Queen of Eng- ;
Lazare. Works II Gualderano, opera, land, Mile Marie Ruze

:
Edith Plautagcnet,
;
Nai^les, 1838 I due mariti, do., ib., 1839

; Mme Christine Nilsson Knights, ladies of
; ;
Maria, oratorio 2 Miserere, with orchestra

; the court, soldier.s, pages, and Saracens.
; It
Te Deum, do., and many other chm-ch com- was given at Her Majesty's Theatre, Lon-
positions. He published many biograph- don, July 6, 1878, under the direction of
ical and critical articles. —
Fetis, Supple- Sir Michael Costa, who revised the score.
ment, ii. 561 Mendel, Ergiinz., 451 Eie-
; ; —
Athenaoum (1874), i. 802 (1878), ii. 58. ;
mann. T.VLLYS (Talys, Tallis), THO:\IAS, born

TALE OF THE VIKING, cantata for about 1510-20, died in London, Nov. 23,
chorus, and orchestra, text from Long- 1585. Organist and contrapuntist of great
soli,
fellow's " Skeleton in Armor," music by distinction, supposed pupil of Thomas Mul-
George E. Whiting, Dedicated to Allen A. liner in the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral,
Brown, of Boston, and published by Schir- whence he is thought to have been removed
mer (New York, 1875). to the choir of the Chapel Royal but there ;
TALEXY, ADEIEN, born in France is no evidence to support either statement.

about 1821, died in Paris, February, 1881. He was organist of W:iltham Abbey until
Pianist and dramatic composer, devoted its dissolution in 1540 was appointed ;
himself early to teaching, which he resumed Gentleman of the Chapel Royal, about
after a not very successful attempt in 1860 1542, serving under Henry YIIL, Edward
to manage an opera troupe in London. YL, and Queens Mary and Elizabeth, con-
—
Works Operettas Un garyon de cabinet, forming outwardly to the various forms of
:
Paris, 1872 La fete des lanternes, ib., worship which these successive rulers im-
;
1872 Le bouton perdu, ib., 1874 Le se- posed. Together with William Byrd lie
; ;
cret de Rose, ib., 1875 Le gar yon malgre obtained, Jan. 21, 1575-76, letters patent
;
lui, ib., 1877 Quand on manque le coche, giving the exclusive right of printing music,
;
ib., 1878. About 150 compositions for pi- and of ruled music paper, for twenty-ono
anoforte. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 561. years, the first of the kind. The first work
TALISMANO, IL (The Talisman), Italian printed under the patent was their own
opera in three acts, text by Arthur Mattlie- Cantiones (1575), containing 34 motets,
son, translation by Zaflfira, music by Balfe, 16 by Tallys and 18 by Byrd. The work
first represented at Drury Lane, London, is a beautiful specimen of early English
June 11, 1874. This, Balfe's last opera, musical tyi)ography, each voice part be-
was written in English as The Knight of ing printed separately. It was about this
the Leopard and was so composed, but the time that Tallys composed his remark-
title was changed when it was given in able song of forty parts, originally set to
Italian. The libretto is from Sir Walter Latin words, adapted to English about
Scott's romance of the same title. The 1630. It has been said that the greater
score, left unfinished by Balfe, was com- part of his music was set to Latin words,
pleted by Sir George Alexander Macfar- but the harmonies to the Responses, the
ren. Original cast Richard Coour de setting of the Canticle, the Creed, and the
:
466
tameiila:no
Gloria for the were Andronico (B.), Signor Boschi and Zaida,
Commuiiiou Service, ;
set solely to Euglish. Works

Cautioues confidant of Asteria (silent character). The
:
qua) ab argumeuto Sacrsc vocautur, quiuque overture was played at the Handel Commem-
et sexpartium(Lonclon, 1575) The Preces, oration, June 3, 1784. The score, dedicated
;
Chaunts, Te Deum, Beuedictus, Kespouses, to the Duke of Rutland, was published by

etc. (Church of England Service), first Cluer (London, 1725) ; Hiindelgesellschaft,
printed in Barnard's collection, 1641, and Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1876). Other
since reprinted many times by Novello, operas on the same subject, in Italian II :
llimbanlt, Jebb, and others Spem in alium gran Tamerlano, by Ziani, text by Piovene
;
—
non habui, motet for 40 parts 8 choruses (?), Venice, 1689 by Pratolino, Florence, ;
of 5 voices each The order of the daily 1706 Tamerlano, by Gasparini, text by
; ;
Service of the United Church of England Piovene, Venice, 1716, as Bajasette, ib.,
and Ireland, ed. by John Bishop (Loudon, 1719 by Chelleri, same text, Treviso, ;
1843) Many anthems, prayers, and litanies. 1720 by Leonardo Leo, same text, revised
; ;
Manuscripts arc in Christ Church Library, by Stampiglia, Naples, 1722 by Giovanni ;
Oxford, Music School, ib.. Library of Eoyal Antonio Niui, Turin, 1728 by Giovanni ;
College of Music, in the British Museum, Porta, Florence, 1730 by Por})ora, Dresden, ;
1730 by Vivaldi, Verona, 1735 by Scolari, ; ;
Milan, about 1764 by -Pietro Guglielmi, ;
Naples, 1765 by Sacchini, London, 1773 ; ;
by Mysliweczek, about 1780 by Paor, ;
Milan, 1796 by Simon Mayr, text by Ro- ;
manelli, Milan, 1812 by Tadolini, Bologna, ;
1818 by Michele Carafa, for Naples, 1822,

;
Fitzwilliara Museum, Cambridge, Peter- but not given by Sajîenza, ib., 1824. In ;
house, ib., and in the Library of Rev. Sir French by Reichart, for Paris, 1786, not :
F. A. Gore Ouseley. —
Grove Barrett, Eng- given ; by Peter von Winter, text by Morel,
;
lish Church Composers, 20 Burney, Hist., Paris, 1802. In English: Tamerlan and
;
iiL 172-182 Hawkins, Hist., iii. 258 Bajazet, ballet by Henry Rowley Bishop,
;
;
Fetis ; Harmonicon (182G), 43 Ambros, London, 1806 Timour the Tartar, by

;
;
Gesch., iii. 452 Mendel Gerber Schil- Matthew King, London, 1811. In Ger-
; ; ;
ling. man Timur, melodrama by Ignaz von :
TAMERLANO, Italian opera in three acts, Seyfried, Vienna, 1822. El gran Tamerlan
text by Nicolo Haym, music by Handel, de Persia, Spanish opera, by Caballero,
first represented at the King's Theatre, text by Santero and Cabiedes, Madrid,
London, Oct. 31, 1724. The autograph, in 1882.— Chrysander, Handel, ii. 124 Rock- ;
Buckingham Palace, is dated July 3-23, stro, 140 Burne}', iv. 297 do.. Com- ; ;
1724. Scene in Prusia, capital of Bitinia. memoration, 97 Bitter, Reform der Oper ;
Original cast Taraerlano, Emperor of durch Gluck, 59

: Mattheson, Critica Mu- ;
Tartary Signor Paccini Bajazete, Em- sica, ii. 29 Gervinius, Gesiinge aus Hiln-
(A.), ;
;
peror of Turkey, taken prisoner by Tamer- dels Opern und Oratorien, vii. 143.
lauo (T.), Signor Borosini Asteria, daugh- TANCREDI, Italian opera seria in two
;
ter of Bajazete, in love with Andronico (S.), acts, text by Rossi after Voltaire, music by
Signora Cuzzoni Andronico, Greek prince Rossini, first represented at the Teatro della
;
and confederate of Tamerlano (C), Signor Fenice, Venice, Feb. 6, 1813. This ojDcra,
Senesino; Irene, princess of Trabisonda, written when the composer was but twenty-
betrothed to Tamerlano (S.), Signora Anna two, was received with enthusiasm, and be-
Dotti Leone, confidant of Tamerlano and of came very popular. The original cast in-
;
«6
: :
TANDELN
eluded Mrae Malanotte, Mine Manfrediui, Garcia Orbazzane, Signer Augrisani and
; ;
Signer Todrau, Signer Bianchi, and Signer Ruggiere, Signer CreveUi. The overture
Luciano. To appease Mine Malanotte, who for the pianoforte for four hands, by Peters
was not satisfied with her first aria, Rossini (Leipsic, 1819). Other operas on this sub-
composed a new cavatiua, "Di tauti pal- ject, in Itahan II combattimento di Tancre-
:
piti." From the story of its having been di e Clorinda, by Monte verde, Venice, 1G2-4 ;
composed while Eossini was waiting for Tancredi, by Berteui, Turin, Dec. 2G, 1778
;
his dish of rice at dinnei', the Italians gave by Luigi Baglieni, Stuttgart, 1778; by
it the name, "Aria dei risi." A phrase Ignaz Holzbauer, Mannheim, 1782 ; by Pa-
in the duo, " Palesa almen," is said to have vesi, text by Remanelli, Milan, Jan. 18,
been borrowed from Paer's Agnese, and the 1812 ; and by Garcia, New York, alx)ut
allegro of the duo, " Si tu sol crudel," from 182G ; Tancredi al sepolcro di Clorinda,
by Zingarelli, Naples, 1805. In French
Tancrede, by Andre Campra, text by Dan-
chet, Paris, Nov. 7, 1702 by Appell, Gas- ;
sel, about 1789; by Langle, about 1800,
not given ;Tancrcde et Clorinde, by Mc-

hul, 1796, not given. Tankredi, parody
operetta, by Wenzel Miiller, Vienna, 1817.
— Escudier, Rossini, 10 Vie de Rossini,;
par uu dilettante, 21; Haushck, Modemo

Oper, 102 Grove Edwards, Rossini, 48
; ; ;
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xix. 61, 109 xx. 137 ; ;
xxi. 2G0.
TANDELN UND SCHEEZEN (Trifling
and Joking), eight variations for the piano-
forte, in F, by Beethoven, on a theme from
Siissmayr's opera, Solimann II. (1799), com-
posed in 1799. Published by Hofmeister
(Vienna, 1799). Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beet-
hoven Werkc, Serie xvii., No. 13.
Sabina Heinefetter,
TANNHAUSER UND DER SANGER-
KRIEG AUF WARTBURG (Tannhauser
Pacr's Sofronisba. Pasta, who took the part and the Singers' contest at the Wartburg),
of Tancredi at the first representation in Paris romantic opera in three acts, text and music
and London, frequently sang " Di tanti pal- by Richard Wagner, first representetl at the
piti " in concerts. Mme Pisaroni, Malibran, Royal Opera House, Dresden, under the
Viardot-Garcia, and Johanna Wagner, were composer's direction, Oct. 19, 1845, with
successful in the title-ruleand Mine Sontag
;
the following cast
was brilliant as Amenaide, which she sang
to Malibran's Tancredi in 1829. Tancredi Hermann, Landgraf von Thiiringon (B.)
was first given in Vienna, Dec. 17, 1816 in ;
Hcrr Dcttimr.
Berlin, Jan. 5, 1818 in Paris in 182G
; in ;
Tannhiiuser (T.) Herr Tichatsohek.
London in 1831 in Dresden in 183G and
; ;
Wolfram von Eschenbach (Bar.)
ill Leipsic in 1839. It was first given Horr ^litterwurzcr.
in New York Dec. 31, 1825, with the fol- Walther von dcr Vogelweido (T.)
lowing cast Tancredi, Signorina Garcia
: ;
Herr Schloss.
Amenaide, Mme Barbiere Argivio, Signer Biterolf (B.)
;
Htrr Wuchter.
457
;
TANNHAUSER
Heiuricli der Sehreiber (T.) Herr Curti. the Roman Venus. She was supposed to
Reinmar von Zweter (B.) Herr Eisse. dwell within the mountain, and to lure
Elisabeth (S.) Johauua Wagner. knights and men into her court, from which
Venus (S.) Mme Scbroder-Devrient. there was no escape. The first act opens
Ein junger Hirt (S.) Anna Thiele. in the Venusberg, Avhere Tannhiiuser, a
Thuringian counts and nobles, noblewo- knight and Minnesinger, having yielded to
men, youths, older and younger pilgrims, the seductions of Venus, is surrounded
the three Graces, sirens, naiads, nymphs, by voluptuous pleasures. In the dialogue
cupids, bacchantes, satyrs, and fauns. between Tannhauser and the enchantress,
he tells her that he is weary of his life, and
The poem was written in Dresden in 1843, in spite of her fascination, escapes from her
and the score was completed in 184:4:-45. power, and finds himself near the Wartburg.
The story is founded on the legends that The next act is in the hall of the Wart-
cluster around the Wartburg, in the Thu- burg, the home of Hermann, the Landgrave
ringian forest, near Eisenach, where in the of Thuringia, whose daughter Elisabeth
thirteenth century were held the musical is in love with Tannhiiuser. The Minne-
singer enter iuto a contest, and Tannhauser,
under the influence of Venus, sings of sen-
sual pleasure. Walther von der Vogelweide
and others defend virtue, to whom Tann-
hiiuser rephes. A quarrel ensues, and the
knights draw their swords upon him. Elis-
abeth intercedes, and saves his life. The
third act shows the valley of the Wartburg,
to which Tannhiiuser returns from a pil-
grimage to Rome. Meeting Wolfram von
Eschenbach, who also loves Elisabeth, he
recites to him the story of his confession to
the Pope, who, lifting his crozier, said:
" Even as this wood cannot blossom again,
so there is no pardon and he de-
for thee,"
termines to return to the Venusberg. Wol-
fram endeavours to hold him back, but is
powerless until he speaks of Elisabeth, and
at her name the enchantments of Venus die
away. A funeral cortege now approacehs,
bearing the saintly Elisabeth to her burial.
Tannhiiuser kneels at the side of the bier,
and broken with grief, dies. His pilgrim's
staflf bursts iuto blossom, showing that
through the prayers of Elisabeth his sins
Anton Schott, as Tannhauser,
are forgiven. The principal numbers are :
tournaments of the Near The overture, in which the pilgrims' song

Minnesinger.
the castle stands tLe Venusberg, once the and the Venusberg motives are blended
abode, according to tradition, of Holda, the music for the sirens' dancing, written in
goddess of spring in the German mythol- Paris by Wagner for the first scene, known
ogy, who, disappeared with the coming of as the "Parisian Bacchanale ;" the pilgrims'
Christianity, and became coufouuded with choruses, " Zu dir wall' ich, mein Jesus
458
;
TARARE
Christ," and " Begliickt darf nun " Wolf- under Wagner, May 14, 1855 by that of
; ;
ram's song, " Als du in kiibuem Sange," in New York in the season of 1854-55. Full
the septet at the end of the first act the and pianoforte score published by Furstuer
;
duet, " Gepriesen sei die Stunde," between (Berlin) overture for pianoforte for two
;
and four hands by Hans von Billow (lb.)

do. by Ernst Pauer (Augener, London) ;
Der Venusberg and march and chorus for

the pianoforte by von Billow and tran- ;
scriptions and fantasias by Liszt, Raff, Dom,

Egghard, Jaell, Lange, and Cramer Lied ;
an den Abeudstern, for violin and piano-

forte, by Blumeustengel, op. 13, No. 8 by ;
Victor Felix and F. A. Kummer do. for ;
violoncello and pianoforte, by H. Leonard,

Dotzauer, Victor Felix, and F. A. Kummer.
Edition of the pianoforte score by Natalia
Macfarren (Novello & Co., Loudon, 1872).
— Wagner, Ges. Schriften, ii. 5 v. 159 viL ; ;
181 Gotthold, F. A., Ueber Richard Wag-

;
ner's Tannhauser, etc. (Konigsberg, 1854) ;
Liszt, Lohengrin und Tannhiiuser (Leipsic,
Johanna Wagner.
1852) ; do. Ges. Schriften, iii. 3 ; dialler, R
Weber, Richard Wagner's Tannhiiuser,
F.
Tannhauser and Elisabeth the grand etc. (Weimar and Leipsic, 1853) Schelle,
; ;
march and chorus in the hall of the Wart- Eduard, der Tannhauser in Paris (Leipsic,
burg, " Freudig begriissen wir die edle 18G1) Wolzogen, H. von, Nolte, R, and ;
Halle " Wolfram von Eschenbach's hymn Hagen, E. von, Richard Wagner'.s Tann-
;
to ideal love, " O Himmel lass' dich jetzt hauser und Lohengrin nach Sage, Dichtuiig,
erflehen ;
" Elisabeth's prayer, "Allrailcht- und Musik (Berlin, 1873) ; Kastner, Wag-
'ge Jungfrau, hor mein Flehen " and ner Catalog, 15 Schumann, Ges. Schriften,
;
;
Wolfram von Eschenbach's song to the ii. 290 Glasenapp, Richard Wagners Lebeu ;
evening star, " O, du mein holder Abend- und Wirken, i. 193-209 Jullien, Wagner, ;
stern." Mme Albani and Johanna Wag- 70, 117 Pohl, do., 3, 12, 30 Grove, iv. ; ;
ner, niece of the composer, have sung the 353 Neue Zeitschr., xxiii. 145, 159 xxxiv.
; ;
role of Elisabeth with great success. Tann- 153, 1G5 xxxvi. 120, 245 xxxvii. 207, 210, ; ;
hiiuser was first Weimar under 220 xxxviii. 23, 113, 13G, 148, 159, 172,
given in ;
1848 in Leipsic, 180, 192, 247 xxxix. 88, 134, 144 xlix. 8
Liszt's direction, Nov. 12, ; ; ; ;
Jan. 31, 1852 in Munich, Aug. 12, 1855

; liv. 115, 137 (Anhang No. 24, 2)
;
Ixiii. 325, ;
in Berlin, Jan. 7, 185G in Vienna, Aug. 337; Wîener Allgera. mus. Zcitg. (184G),
;
28, 1857 in Paris, French translation by 581

; Echo (1875), No. 49 Mus. Wochen- ; ;
Charles Nuitter, March 13, 18G1 in Brus- blatt (1872), 778 (1875), 592, G08 (187G),
; ; ;
sels, Feb. 19, 1873 in Moscow, Feb. 8, 5G

;
Bayreuther Bliitter (1887), 221 Athc-
;
;
1877; in London in Italian, Covent Garden, nreum (187G), i. G74 Upton, Standard Op- ;
May 6, 1876 ; in New York, Stadttheater, eras, 25G.
April 4, TARARE, on Axur, roi d'Ormus, French

1859, and at the Metropolitan Op-
era House, Nov. 17, 1884, with Anton opera in five acts, text by Boaumnrchaia,
Schott as Tannhiluser. The overture was music by Salicri, first represented at the
played by the London Philharmonic Society Academic Royalo do Musicpie, Paris, Juno
4G<.»
;;;
TARCHI
8, by Jeau Baptiste date, Rome, 1788 Antioco, Milan, 1788
1747, witli ballet music ;
Eey. This opera is a mixture of tragedy, II disertore, Alessandro nell' Indie, Lon-
comedy, and romance. In form it resem- don, 1789 Lo spazzacammino, opera buffa, ;
bles the operas of Quinault and LuUy, but Milan, 1789 L' apoteosi d' Ercole, Venice, ;
the conception is dilVereut. In the prologue 1790 Ezio, Vicenza, 1790 Olimpiade,
; ;
Nature and the Genius of Fire create men, Rome, 1790 Giulio Sabino, Turin, 1791 ;
and assign them to destiny on earth. Ta- Don Chisciotto, Paris, 1791 ; Adrasto, Milan,
rare becomes a soldier, and Atar sovereign 1792 ; Ester, Florence, 1792 ; La morte di
of Ormus, vanquished by his subjects. In- Nerone, Venice, 1792 ; iVlessandro nell'
cidents both comic and tragic in the lives Indie (with new music), Turin, 1793 ; Lo
of these two persons are developed during stravagante, opera buffa, Bergamo, 1793 ;
the opera. The recitatives are -vvi-itten in Le Danaidi, Milan, 1794 ; L' impostura
the style of Gluck, of whom Salieri was a dura 1795 II Giro riconosciuto,
jioco, ib., ;
pupil, but the choruses are treated after Piacenza, 1796 La congiura Pisoniana,;
his own fashion. Original cast : Tarare, Milan, 1797 Le cabriolet jaune, Le general
;
]\L Cheron ; Atar, M. Laine ; Astasie, IVUle suedois, Paris, 1798 Le trente et quarante, ;
Maillard ;and Spinette, Mile Gavaudan. Aurora de Gusman, ib., 1799 D'auberge ;
Tlie opera was translated into Italian, with en auberge, ib., 1800 Une aventure de ;
changes of text and music, and given as Sainte-Foix, Astolphe et Alba, ib., 1802
Axur, re d' Ormus, for the betrothal of the Isacco, oratorio, Mantua, 1792. Mass for 4
Archduke Franz with the Princess Elisabeth voices and orchestra Credo, do. Stabat ; ;
of "Wiirtemberg, Vienna, Jan. 8, 1788. It Mater, do. Fetis Gerber Schilling. — ; ;
was given throughout Germany with suc- TARDITI, ORAZIO, born (?), living at
cess, and first represented in London in Faenza in 1670. Church composer of the
English as Tarare, the Tartar chief, Aug. Roman school, maestro di cappella in 1639
15, 1825. —Clement et Larousse, 049 La- of the cathedral at Forli, afterwards at
;
jarte, i. 357. Faenza. Works Three books of masses :
TAKCHI, ANGELO, born in Naples in for 3-5 voices (Venice, 1639, 1648, 1650)
17G0, died in Paris, Aug. 19, 18 U. Dra- Messa e salmi concertati a 4 voci (ib., 1640)
matic composer, pu2)il of Tax-antini in sing- do., a 2 voci (Bologna, 1668) 15 books of ;
ing and of Sala in composition, at the Con- Motetti concertati, for 1-5 voices (Venice,
servatorio della Pieta, which he attended 1625-63) 4 books of Motetti a voce sola ;
for thirteen years. Having written many con violini Psalms for 8 voices (Venice, ;
operas for various cities in Italy, and in 1649) Complines and litanies for 4, and ;
1789 for London, he went to Paris in 1797, antiphons for 3 voices (ib., 1647) Litanies, ;
where he composed French operas-comiques, for 3-5, antiphons and motets for 3, and
and taught singing. Works L' architetto, Te Deum for 4 voices (ib., 1644) INIadrigali
: ;
Naples, 1781 La caccia di Enrico TV., ib., a 5 voci con alcuni a 3 in fine (ib., 1639)
;
;
1783 ; I due fratelli Pappamosca, Don Canzonette amorose a 2 e 3 voci (ib., 1647).
Fallopio, Rome, 1781: Ademira, Milan,
; Fetis Gerber Mendel —
Riemann. ; ; ;
1784 Arianna e Bacco, Turin, 1785 Ifi-

; TARTINI, GIUSEPPE, born at Pirano,
;
genia in Tauride, Venice, 1785 ; Ariarate, Istria, April 12, 1692, died in Padua, Feb.
Milan, 1786 ; Publio, Florence, 1786 ; Ar- 16, 1770. He was
educated in his native
minio, Mantua, 1786 Demofoonte, Crema,
; town, and at Capo d' Istria. His parents
1786 II trionfo di Clelia, Turin, 1787 II
; ; wished him to enter a Franciscan monastery,
conte di Saldagna, Milan, 1787 Artaserse, ; but he rebelled, and in 1710 entered the
Mantua, 1787 Paolo e Virginia, Venice,
; university of Padua to study law. His rul-
1787 Gli due rivali, opera buffa, Mitri-
; ing passions were music, especially the vio-
4G0
TARTINI
lin, and fencing, of which latter art he was pil Nardini, who came from Leghorn to
a master, and something of a swashbuckler, join hiiu at the first news of his disease.
withal. After secret- He was buried in the church of Sta. Cate-
ly marrying a relation rina. Tartini is one of the principal figures
of Cardinal Cornaro, in the history of the violin he did much ;
he was compelled to fly to advance the technique of his day, and

from Padua to escape his method of bowing has not yet been su-
punishment at the perseded. His compositions are still clas-
hands of the law, and sic. Among his pupils were Alberghi, Bini,
took refuge in a Fran- Capuzzi, Carmiuati, Domenico Ferrari,
ciscan monastery at Lahoussaye, Nardini, Pagin, Pasqualino,
Assisi. Here, with the and Maddalena de Sirmeu. Works Sei :
help of a monk he stud- concerti. Lib. I. e IL, op. 1 (Amsterdam,

of his acquaintance,
ied the violin diligently, beside receiving in- Roger, 1731) [three of these were repub-
struction in comiôsition from Padre Boemo, lished later in Paris, and three others were
the organist. After two years, the legal also republished there with two viola parts
suit against him in Padua having been added by Blainville from Tartini's continuo,
quashed meanwhile, he returned to that as Concerti grossi, composti dell' opera
city as a violin virtuoso. On a visit to prima di Gius. Tartini] Sonate XIL a vio- ;
Venice he heard Veracini play, and was so lino e violoncello o cembalo, etc., also
fired with ambition by his performance that marked op. 1 (Paris, Leclerc) Sei sonato ;
he retired to Ancona for further study and for do., op. 2 (Rome, 1745) The same, ;
practice, sending his wife to stay with some with six others, as XII. sonate a violino e
of his relations in Pirano. This was about basso [not figured], etc., o]). 3 (Paris, Le-
1714, and it was during this stay at Ancona clerc) Sei concerti a vioUno solo, due vio-
;
that he discovered the combination tones, lini, viola e violoncello o cembalo di con-
and applied his discovery practically to in- certo, op. 4 (Paris, Veuier) ^n. Sonates a ;
sure purity of intonation. In 1721 he was violon seul et basse continue, also marked
appointed solo violinist and conductor of op. 4 (Paris, Leclerc) 6 do., op. 5 (ib., ;
the orchestra at the basilica of S. Antonio,

1747) 6 do., op. 6 (ib., and at the office of
;
in Padua. His reputation as a virtuoso the Joux-nal de Musique, 1770) G do., op. ;
was now wide-spread, and in 1723 he was 7 (Paris, engraved by Mile Bertin) Sei ;
called to assist at the coronation of Karl sonate a ti*e, due violini col basso, op. 8
VI., at Prague, in which city he staid until (Paris, Meaupetit, Mme Boivin, Leclerc,
1725 as chamber musician to Count lunsky. Mile Castagneri) G do., op. 9 (Paris, en-
;
Refusing a brilliant offer to go to London, graved by Mile Bertin) L' arte del arco ;
he returned to his post at S. Antonio, in (Amsterdam, and new French ed., Paris,
Padua, where he established in 1728 his Cartier) Concerti HI. a cinque con violino
;
famous violin school, and where he re- obligato, Lib. I. (Paris, Mme Boivin, Le-
mained until his death. He was a hard clerc, Castagneri, Laine) VI. concerti a ;
worker, and wholly absorbed in his work ;

otto stromenti, etc., op. 2 (Amsterdam, Wit-
little of the adventurous disposition he had vogel) VI. concerti a cinque stromenti,
;
shown as a young man remained in after- etc., 1, Lib. II. (Amsterdam, Le Cene)
op. ;
life he was quiet and sweet-tempered, and

;
VI. concerti a cinque stromenti, etc., del
always patient and affectionate with his Sig. Giuseppe Tartini e Gasparo Visconti,
wife, M'hose disposition left a to op. 1, Lib. in. (ib.)
good deal Trattato di musica se-
;
be desired. He died of scurvy after a short condo la vera soiciiza dell' nrinonia (Padua,
illness, in which ho was tended by his pu- 1754) De' principii dell' tu-monia musicalo
;
:
TASSILONE
contenuta nel diatonico genere (ib., 17G7) Tasso's coronation.;
It was first performed
Risposta di Giuseppe Tartini alia critica in Berlin, December, 1855 by the New ;
del di lui Trattato di musica di Mous. Le York Philharmonic Society in the season of
Serre, di Ginevra (Venice, 17G7) Lettera 1859-GO and by the London Philharmonic
; ;
alia signora Maddalena Lombardini, inser- in 1873. It was first published for the pi-
viente ad una importante lezione per i anoforte by Haslinger (Vienna, 1840) full ;
suonatori di violino (Venice, 1770 with score dedicated to Dr. Leopold Damrosch,
;
English translation by Burney, London, by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1856) and ;
1771, and ib., R. Bremner, 1779 in Ger- arrangement

; for two -pianofortes, four
man, Hanover, 1786) Trattato delle ap- hands, by the composer. Music to Goethe's
;
poggiature si ascendeuti clie discendenti Tasso by J. F. Reichardt, about 1770 La ;
per il violino, etc. (Venice, Benzon, 1818 mort du Tasse, cantata by Fr. M. Servais,
;
and in French, Paris, de la Chevardiere, Ghent, 1875 Le Tasse, prize-symphonic ;
1782. The following are in MS. 48 sona- cantata by Benjamin Godard, text by
;
•^ tas for violin Grandmougin, Paris, 1879 and Tasso's ;
I 7t\_t /V?,jji„ T"^ \t * and bass (in- Abschied, symphonic poem by Edmund
U'"^^^/>^(Aj^^ eludi„g the Rochlitz, Zwickau, 1885. Italian opera
Ir^ famous Trillo Torquato Tasso, by Donizetti, text by Fer-
del diavolo) 127 concertos for violin solo retti, Rome, 1833.
; French operas La :
with quartet Delle ragioni e delle pro- mort du Tasse, by Manuel Garcia, text by
;
porzioni libri sei. —

Fanzago, Orazione Cuvelier and Helitas de Meun, Paris, Feb.
delle lodi di Giuseppe Tartini, etc. (Pa- 7, 1821 La vision du Tasse, by Gilloux,
;
dua, 1770) Vallotti, Elogi di Giuseppe Bordeaux, 1840

; Le retour du Tasse, by ;
Tartini, etc. (Padua, Conzatti, 1792) J. A. Mile Pean de la Roche-Jagu, Paris, about
;
Hiller, Lebensbeschreibungen beriihmter 1865.— Pohl, Liszt, 221, 398 Upton, ;
Musikgelehrten und Tonkiinstler neuerer Standard S^'mj^honies, 283 Echo (1855- ;
Zeit., 2G7-285 (Leipsic, 1784); Agostino 56), ii. 32-37.

Forno, Elogio di Tartini, in complete works TAUBERT, ERNST EDUARD, born at
(Naples, 1792) Camillo Ugoui, Delia let- Regenwalde, Pomerania, Sept. 25, 1838,
;
teratura italiana nella seconda meta del still living, 1890. Instrumental and vocal
secolo xviii., i., 1-28 (Brescia, Bettoni, composer, pupil of Albert Dietrich at Bonn,
1802); Fayolle, Notices sur Corelli, Tar- and of Kiel in Berlin, where he settled,
tini, etc. (Paris, 1810) Futis Grove Du- after living temporarily at Leijisic and Wei-
; ; ;
bourg, The violin, 47. mar. Works Quintet for pianoforte and
:
TASSILONE, tragic Italian opera in five strings ; 3 quartets for strings

; Pieces for
acts, music by Steffani, first represented in violin ; Pianoforte music Songs. Mendel.
; —
Diisseldorf in 1709. TAUBERT, (KARL GOTTFRIED) WIL-
TASSO, LAMENTO E TRIONFO, sym- HELM, born in Berlin,
phonic poem for orchestra, in C, by Franz March 23, 1811, still
Liszt, first performed at the Goethe-Jubi- living, 1890. Pianist,

lUum, Weimar, Aug. 28, 1849, as an over- Ludwig Berger
pupil of
ture to Goethe's " Tasso." It was sketched and in composition of
in Venice in 1840, for pianoforte, and scored Bernhard lOein stud- ;
for orchestra in 1848. The work was re- ied at the University of
vised in 1854, and first given in Weimar Berlin in 1827-30, ap-
April 8, 1854. The episodes arc I. Tasso : peared early as a vir-
in prison ;II. The song of the Venetian tuoso, and taught for some time in Berlin,
gondoliers III. Festival in Fei-rara

; IV. where he became in 1831 accompanist at
;
; :
TAUBERT
the court concerts. la 1844 be was ap- dem Felsen Horeb durch die Euthen Mo-
pointed Kapellmeister of the opera, and con- isis, etc., 1741 Die fruchtlose Gerecht- ;
ductor of the symphony soirees of the royal fertigung des ungerechten Urtheils deren
orchestra, Hof-Kapellmeister in 1845, and Josephinischen Gebriider-SOhnen Jacobs,
in 1870 retired from the opera with the title etc., 1743 Das siebenfidtig verunreinigte ;
of Oberkapellmeister. He was elected Haus Jacobs, 1745 ; Der im bittern, cypris-

member of the academy in 1834, and
traubenreichen Weingebirge Eugaddi ver-
presi-
dent of the musical section of its senate in lassene Bhiutigam, 1747 Die Hochzeit des ;
1875. His songs -were very favorably no- Lammes, etc., 1754 Das verkliirte Grab ;
ticed by Mendelssohn. —
Works Operas des Heilands, etc., 1758. Masses, offer- :
Die Kirmes, Berlin, 1832 Der Zigeuner, tories, and arias. Dlabacz Wurzbach.
; — ;
ib., 1834 Marquis und Dieb, ib., 1842

; TAUDOU, ANTOINE ANTONIN BAR- ;
Joggeli, ib., 1853 Macbeth, ib., 1857 THi:LEMY, born at Perpiguan, France,
;
Ciisario, ib., 1874 Music to the Medea of Aug. 24, 1846, still living, 1890. Violinist,
;
Euripides, 1843, to Tiecks's Der gestiefelte pupil of the Paris Conservatoire, where he
Ivater, and Blaubart, 1845, and to won the second prize for violin in 1805,
1844,
Shakespeare's Tempest. Overtures to the first in 1866, the first prize for harmony
Othello, to the drama Das graue Mannlein, in 1867, for countei'point and fugue in
and Aus Tausend und eine Nacht 4 sym- 1868, and the grand prix de Rome in 1869.
;
phonies, 1831, 1846, 1850, 1855 Cantatas He is a member of the Opora orchestra,
;
String quartets and trios Vater unser and was appointed in 1883 professor of
;
Psalms Kinderlieder
; Duets and part- harmony at the Conservatoire. Works
;
songs Sonatas, and other music for piano- Cantata for the inauguration of Frauyois
;
forte and violin. —

Ledebui-, Tonkunstler Arago's statue at Perpignan, 1879 Marche- ;
Lex. Berlins Mendel Fetis Riemann ballet, for orchestra, 1872

; ; ; Chant d'au-
; ;
Schilling. tomne, and Marche nocturne, do., 1873 ;
TAUBERT, OTTO, born at Naumburg, Concerto for violin Trio for pianoforte, ;
Prussian Silesia, June 2G, 1833, still living, and strings do. for flute and strings. ;
1890. Vocal composer, and writer on mu- Fetis, Supplement, ii. 565. —
sic, pupil of Otto Claudius was prefect of TAUSCH, FRANZ, born at Heidelberg,
;
the cathedral choir in his native city, taught Dec. 26, 1762, died in Berlin, Feb. 9, 1817.
at different institutions in the Rhine prov- Virtuoso on the clarinet, played in the elec-
ince, Westphalia, and East Prussia, and in toral orchestra, Mannheim, when only eight
1863 became professor at the Gymnasium years of age went with the court to Mu- ;
of Torgau, where he is also city cantor and nich in 1777, accompanied Peter von Winter
conductor of the singing society. Works to Vienna, where he remained six months, :
Salvum fac regem, for mixed chorus Sko- and made a concert tour through North;
lion of Kallistratos, for male chorus Other Germany in 1784, visiting also Berlin and
;
—
choruses for male voices, and songs. Men- Dresden. In 1790 he entered the court
del Riemann.
; orchestra in Berlin, where he established
TAUBNER, ANTONfN MORITS, flour- weekly musical assemblies in 1799, from
ished in Prague about the middle of the which originated in 1805 an institute for
18th century. Organist and violinist, in the wind instruments. Heinrich Biirmunn was
latter capacity member
of Prince Lob- his pupil. Works Two concertos for clar- :
kowitz's orchestra conducted the church inet 2 coucertantes for 2 clarinets duos
; ; ;
music in the Ursuline convent, and in the for do. Trios for do. and bassoon 6 quar- ; ;
church of St. John Nepomuk. Works tets for 2 basset-horns and 2 bassoons,
— Oratorios Gewiissertes Rophidion von besides 2 horns ad libitum Andante and
: ;
463
;;
TAUSCH
Polonaise, for clarinet 6 marches for 10
; tablished there in 18G9 an academy for the
parts 5 do.
; and a choral. His son and higher branches of jiianoforte playing. His
pupil, Friedrich Wilhelm (died April 29, widow, Seraphine von Vrabely, is also a
1845), was also a notable virtuoso, and af- distinguished pianist, pupil of Dreyschock.
ter his father's death conducted the insti- Works — A. Original : Das Geisterschiff,
tute for wind instruments. Mendel ; Eie- — symphonic ballad, after a poem by Strachwitz
mann. (the pianoforte transcription by the com-
TAUSCH, JULIUS, born at Dessau, April poser was published by Schuberth, in Leip-
15, 1827, still living, 1890. Pianist, pupil sic, as op. 1, but was afterwards cancelled)
of Friedrich Schneider, and at the Leipsic Other orchestral works in MS. ; 2 concert
Conservatorium, 181:4:-46, of IMeudelssohn, studies for pianoforte, in F-sharp, and
Hauptmann, and others. In 184Glie settled A-flat, op. 1 (Leipsic, Sen£f) ; Ungarische
at Diisseldorf, appeared in public as a pi- Zigeunerweisen, for do. (ib.) Nouvelles ;
anist there and in other cities, succeeded soirees de Vienne, valses-caprices on

Julius Rietz in 1847 as conductor of the themes from Strauss, 5 numbers (Nos. 4
Kiinstler - Liedertafel, and Schumann in and 5 published posthumously, compiled
1855 as conductor of the Musikverein, from MS. fragments of Tausig's by Ehr-
after having temporai'ily filled that position lich) TagHche Studien (posthumous, edited
;
from 1853. Works: Music to " As you like by Ehrlich). B. Transcriptions Halka- :
;
it " Der Blumen Klage auf den Tod des Phantasie, on themes from the opera by
Siingers, for soprano solo, female chorus, Moniusko Pianoforte score of Wagner's ;
and orchestra Ave Maria, for soprano and Meistersinger (a mastei'piece in its way)
;
orchestra Dein Leben schied, dein Ruhm Bach's organ Toccata and fugue in D mi-
;
begann, Conzertstiick for male chorus and nor 6 movements from string quartets by
;
orchestra Fest-Ouvertiire Duo for piano- Beethoven

; ; Concert arrangements of 5 ;
forte and violin Choruses for male voices, clavecin pieces by Domenico Scarlatti
;
songs, and pianoforte pieces. Mendel —

Schubert's Militilr-Marsch, in D-flat 3 Para-
;
;
Riemann. phrases on Wagner's Tristan (Liebesscene,

TAUSEND UND FINE NACHT, AUS Verkliirung — Brangiinens Gesang, Matro-
(From Thousand and One Nights), over- senlied Melodic des Hirten) Siegmunds
a — ;
ture, in G minor, by Wilhelm Taubert, op. Liebesgesang, and Der Ritt der Walkiiren,
139 (Leipsic, Kistner). from Wagner's Die Walkiire Wagner's ;
TAUSIG, KARL, born at Warsaw, Nov. Kaiser-Marsch Weber's Auf forderung zum ;
4, 1841, died at Leip- Tanz, with arabesques for concert perform-

sic, July 17, 1871. ^ ance ; Cho-
Virtuoso on the pi- Ô ^ pin's E minor
anoforte, son and pu- /\/ /) ^ÛaA^*^ concerto,
pil of Aloys Tausig i^,CC^^^ ^,„^y^ with orches-
(1820-85, pupil of y''^^r tration and
Thalberg) ; then j)u- ^"^ pianoforte
next to part retouched. He also re-edited selec-
pil of Li.szt,
whom
he was the tions from Bach's Wohltemperirte Clavier,
most remarkable pi- and dementi's Gradus ad Parnassum. Gar- —
anist of his time, noted for his masterly tcnlaube (1871), 630 Wiener Zeitg. (1861), ;
technique and interpretation. After suc- 545 (1864), 304 Wurzbach Mendel Rie-; ; ; ;
and a temporary abode mann Fetis, Supplement, ii. 565.

cessful concert tours, ;
in Dresden in 1859-60, and in Vienna in TAmVITZ, EDUARD, bom at Glatz,

1862, he settled in 1865 in Berlin, and es- Silesia, Jan. 21, 1812, still living, 1890.
464
;
TAYERNER
Instrumental and vocal composer, studied Triebensee and Tomaschek. He made con-
at Breslau. In 1837 he became Kapell- cert tours, especially in Southern Russia,
meister of the theatre at Vilna, in
1840 at with great success, and settled at Odessa,
Riga, in 1843 at Breslau, and in 1840 at but lived temporarily at Hamburg in 1848,
Prague; was pensioned in 1863, and has and in London in 1856. His compositions
since acted as director of the Sophien- belong for the greater part to the class
Academie, and Chormeister of the Ger- of brilliant drawing-room music. Works :
man Mannergesangverein. Works Brada- Concerto for pianoforte and orchestra

:
mante, opera, Riga, 1844 Schmolke und Caprices de concert Mazurkas, nocturnes,
; ;
Bakel, comic opera, Breslau, 184G Church waltzes, rhapsodies, transcriptions, etc. R-
;
—
music Quartets for male voices Songs. lustr. Zeitg. (1850), i. 346 Wurzbach.
;
;
—Mendel.
;
TE DEUM, for three choruses, orchestra,

TAVERNER, JOHN, English composer and obligato organ, by Hector Berhoz, op,
of the 16th century, died at Boston, Lin- 22, first performed in the church of Saint-
colnshire. Organist at Boston, afterwards Eustache, Paris, April 30, 1854, at the
(about 1530) of Cardinal (now Christ Church) Thanksgiving service for the safety of the
College, Oxford. Associated in the Refor- Emperor's life after the attempt at his as-
mation with John Frith and others of its sassination, April 28, 1854. The first and
partisans, he narrowly escaped martyrdom. second choruses and the orchestra are to be
He composed masses and motets, many of placed at the end of the church opposite
which are in MS. in the Music School and the organ, and the third chorus, of chil-
Christ Church (17 motets for 3-6 voices), dren's voices in unison, in the middle of the
Oxford, the British Museum, and elsewhere. nave. considered the Judex cre-
Berlioz
—Grove. deris in thiswork his gi-andest single move-
TAYBER. See Teyber. ment. It was first given in London, at
TAYLOR, RAYNOR, born in London the Crystal Palace, April 18, 1885; by
about 1743-45, died in Philadelphia about the Bach choir, London, May 17, 1887 ;
1810 (1819 ?). Organist, pupil, as a chor- and it was sung by the latter society at the
ister at the Chapel Royal, of Bernard Gates Queen's Jubilee, Westminster Abbey, June
and of James Nares, to the latter of whom 28, 1888. The score, dedicated to' Prince
he was articled. He
sang as a boy in Han- Albert, was published by Brandus (Paris,
del's oratorios and at his funeral in West- 1855). Other Te Deums Old Melody in :
minster Abbey in 1759, of which he used to the Mixed Phrygian IMode, by Palestrina,
give a graphic account. In 1792 he refor six voices by Felice Anerio (in
;
moved where for several

to Philadelphia, Proske's "Musica Divina," vol. iv.) by ;
years he was organist of St. Peter's Church Jakob Hiiudl (in the "Tortius Tomus
and director of the music at the Chestnut Musica operis ") by Benevoli two by
; ;
Street Theatre. He frequently conducted Haydn by Cherubini (MS. lost) by Tallys

; ;
oratorios and concerts and, being a clever (MS. in the Royal College of !Music) by ;
extempore performer, was accustomed to Byrd by Farrant by Orlando Gibbons

; ; ;
work out a fugue on subjects furnished by Dr. Blow by Dr. Croft by Jackson by
; ; ;
him. Works : The Ethiop, opera, Chest- Sir Alexander Macfarren by Sir Arthur S. ;
nut Street Theatre, 1794 Services and an- Sullivan, to celebrate the Prince of Wales's
;
thems The Harvest Home, and other glees recovery (1884) by Sarti to a Russian text,
; ;
;
Songs, etc. at the command of the Empress Catherine

TEDESCO, HYNEK BOHUMIL (Ignaz II., to celebrate Prince Potcmkin's victory
Amad*,'),born at Prague in 1817, died at at Otchakov by Graun, on Frederick
;
Odessa, November, 1882. Pianist, pupil of the Great's order, to commemorate tho
466
;
TELEMACCO
Battle of Prague, performed in Cliarlotten- TELEIVIANN, GEORG PHILIPP, born
burg in 17G2 by Purcell, for Saint Cecilia's in
;
Magdeburg, March 14, 1681, died in
Day and Handel's Dettingen Te Deum,
;
Hamburg, July 25,
Utrecht Te Deum, and Queen Caroline's Te 1767. Dramatic and
Deum.— Jullien, Berlioz (1888), 232 Grove, ; church composer, the
iv. 67. most celebrated con-
TELEMACCO (Telemachus), Italian opera temporary of Bach,
in three acts, text by Sigismondo Capece, and in his lifetime
music by Gluck, first represented at tbe much better known
Teatro Argentina, Borne, 1750. The story than he. He wrote
is that of Telemachus on Circe's island. an opera at the age
Other Italian operas by Scarlatti, Borne, : of twelve, taking Lul-
1718 by Bertoni, Venice, 1777 by Paul
; ; ly for his model, con-
Grua, Munich, 1780 Telemacco, ossia ducted the music in the Catholic Church at
;
il valor coronato, by Badia, Vienna, July Hildesheim in 1695, and was made organist
26, 1702 Telemacco, by Joiio Cordeiro da and music director at the Neue Kirche in
;
Silva, Lisbon, 1787 by Cigalla, Venice, Leipsic in 1701, while studying at the Uni-
;
1797 by Ferdinand Sor, Barcelona, 1798 versity. In 1704 he became Kapellmeister

; ;
Telemacco nell' isola di Calipso, by Simon to Count Promnitz at Sorau, and in 1708
Mayr, text by Sografi, Venice, 1797 Le Conzertmeister at the court of Eisenach, ;
nozze di Telemacco ed Antiope, by Merca- where he succeeded Hebenstreit in 1709 as

daute, text by Calistro Bassi, Vienna, Nov. Hof-Kapellmeister. He retained this title
5, 1824 and a cantata by Zingarelli, text
;
and a pension, when accepting a call to
by Moretti, INIilan, 1785. Operas in Eng- Frankfort in 1711, as Kapellmeister at the
lish Calypso and Telemachus, by Galliard,
: churches of the barefooted friars and of St.
text by John Hughes, London, 1712 Tele- ; Catherine. In 1721 he went as music di-
machus, by Henry Bowley Bishop, London, rector to Hamburg, and in 1723 was offered
1815. In French Tclemaque, pasticcio,
: the position of cantor at the Thomasschule,
by Campra, text byDanchet, Paris, Nov. 11, music director in Leipsic, but and of city
1804 Telemaque, by Destouches, text by
; whereupon Bach was elected. declined,
the AbbtS Pellegrin, Paris, Nov. 29, 1714 Telemann was the prototype of a German ;
Telemaque dans I'ile de Calipso, by Lesueur, composer ex-officio, writing his works wath
text by Dercy, Paris, May 11, 1796 by astonishing rapidity, as he needed them, or
;
Boieldieu, same text, St. Petersburg, Dec. as they were called for his style is fluent ;
6, 1806. In Spanish El joven Telemacco, and correct, showing great mastery of

:
operetta, by Jose Bogel, Madrid, 1866 counterpoint, but lacks the depth and solid
and Telemacco en la Albufera, about 1875. thoroughness which characterize Bach's cre-
In German Telemach, by Christoph Graup- ations. The number of his compositions
:
ner, Darmstadt, 1711 Telemachus, by was so great, that in later years he could
;
Schurmann, Hamburg, 1721 Telemach der himself neither enumerate them nor indi-
;
Kunigssohn aus Ithaka, by Hofmeister, cate all the titles. "Works More than 12 :
text by Schikaneder, Vienna, 1796 Der books of church music for the entire year
;
travestirteTelemach, cai*icature operetta, (about 3,000 pieces with orchestra or or-

by Ferdinand Kauer, text by Perinet, Vi- gan) ; 44 numbers of Passion music (1722-
enna, 1805 Telemach auf derluselOgygia,
; 67) ; 32 do. for installation of preachers
Singspiel, by Josef Triebensee, text by (1728-66); 33 Hamburger KapitLinsmusi-
Schikaneder, Prague, 1824. Marx, Gluck — ken, each consisting of a sonata for instru-
und die Oper, i. 188. ments and a cantata (1724-65) ; 20 pieces
46G
;
tElEmaque
and inaugurations
for jubilees, coronations, TELLE, FEIEDRICH ^TLHELM, bom
(1723-64) 12 funeral services
; 14 num- in Berhu, Sept. 9, 1798, died in Berlin,
;
bers of wedding music Over 300 over- May 10, 1862. Dramatic composer, pupil
;
tures Many serenades 12 sonatas for of A. Gurrlich, and in Paris of Cherubini.

; ;
violin (1715, 1718) ; Die kleine Kammer- After his return to Germany he was Kapell-
musik, containing G suites for violin, flute, meister successively at the theatres of Ber-
oboe, and harpsichord (171G) 6 trios for lin, Magdeburg, and Aix-la-Chapelle, whence
;
various instruments (1718) Harmonischer he went to Paris again, to conduct German

;
Gottesdienst oder geistliche Kantateu opera. In 1835 he was Kapellmeister of

(1725) Auszug derjenigen musikalischen the Imperial Theatre in Vienna, then mu-
;
und auf die gewuhnlichen Evangelien ge- sic director at Kiel, and finiJly in Berlin.
richteten Arien, etc. (1727) Der getreue Works Das Schiitzenfest, Berlin, 1820
; :
;
Musikmeister, containing songs,

Zambular, Aix-la-ClKi})elle, 1831
sonatas, Piafael ;
fugues, etc. (1728) Sonatas for 2 flutes or Das blaue Barett, Vienna, 1835 Sara, odcr
; ;
violins, without bass (Amsterdam) Allge- die Waise von Glencoe, Kiel, 1844 Le-
;
;
meines evangelisches Liederbuch (1730) bende Blumen, operetta Ballets. Mendel. ; —

3 trios and 3 scherzi for 2 violins, or flute, TELLEFSEN, THOIMAS DYKE AC-
and bass Scherzi melodichi, for violin, vi- LAND, born at Trondhjem, Norway, Nov.
;
ola, and bass (1734) Siebenmal sieben und 26, 1823, died in Paris, October,' 1874.
;
ein Menuet Heldenmusik, containing 12 Pianist, pupil of Chopin, whose intimate

;
marches 50 menuets
; Tafelmusik, con- friend he became
; he continued to live ;
taining overtures, concertos, symphonies, in Paris, teaching his instrument. Works :
Two concertos for pianoforte ; Trio for

pianoforte and strings ; Sonata for vio-
lin ; do. for violoncello ; Pieces for violin
and pianoforte ; Many waltzes, nocturnes,
mazurkas, and other pieces for pianoforte.
etc.; Many oratorios, and about forty op- Fetis; Mendel. —
eras, written mostly for the theatre at Ham- TEMISTOCLE (Themistocles), Italian
burg, and for Eisenach and Bayreuth. —
Fe- 02:)era in three acts, text by Metastasio, music
tis; Gerber ; Mendel Riemann Schilling. by Caldara, first represented in Vienna,
; ;
T:fiLEMAQUE DANS LILE DE CA- Nov. 4, 1736. Characters Serse, King of :
LYPSO (Telemachus in the Island of Ca- Persia Temistocle Aspasia and Neocle, ; ;
lypso), tragedie-lyrique in three acts, text his daughters Rossane, Princess royal, ;
by P. Dercy, music by Lesueur, first repre- loved by Serse Lisimaco, Grecian ambas- ;
sented at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris, May sador and Sebaste, Serse's confidant. The ;
11, 1796. The first act shows Telemaque's scene is in Susa. Other Italian operas on
arrival on the island, where he inspires Ca- Metastasio's text by Giovanni Maria Orlan- :
lypso and Eucharis with love the second dini, Florence, 1737 by Pampini, given as
; ;
includes a beautiful woodland scene, where Artaserse, Venice, 1737 by Giovanni ;
fauns, satyrs, nymphs, dryads, and bac- Alberto Ristori, Naples, 1738 by Andrea ;
chantes dance and play. This is one of the Bernasconi, Vienna, 1744 by Jonnuclli, ;
best scenes that Lesueur ever wrote. The Naples, 1757 by Filippo Finazzi, Ham- ;
third act shows Telcmaque thrown into burg, 1760 by Johann Uhde, Berlin, 1760 ; ;
the sea by Mentor, the distress of Calypso by Johann Christian Bach, German transla-
and Eucharis, and the descent of Minerva tion by Vcrazi, London, 1766 by Angus- ;
from Olympus to console them. Clement tin Ullinger, Freising, 1777 —

Temistocle, ;
et Larousse, 650. by Manelli, Florence, 1639 Temistocle iu ;
407
;
;
TEMPEST
Persia, by Draglii, text by IVIinato, by F. Taylor, published by
Vienna, with voices,
June 9, 1681 ; by Cramer (London, 1862) also by Novello
Temistocle in bando, ;
Zianettini, text by Marselli, Venice, 1683 (ib.). Other music to Shakespeare's play
;
:
Temistocle, by Ziani, text by Zeno, Vienna, by Matthew Lock, London, 1673 John ;
June 9, 1701 by Porpora, same text, ib., Banister and Pelham Humphrey, text re-
;
Oct. 1, 1718 by Fortunate Chelleri, Pa- vised by Diyden and Davenant, ib., 1676
;
dua, 1720 and Temistocle, by Giovanni by Henry Purcell, text by Shadwell by

;
;
Pacini, text by Anguillesi, Lucca, 1823. Taubert, op. 134, Munich, 1855 The Tem- ;
Themistocle, French opera by Philidor, text pest, English opera, by Thomas Augustine
by Morel, Fontainebleau, Oct. 13, 1785, Arne, London, 1716 La Tempesta, Italian ;
and Paris, May 23, 1786. opera, by Luigi Caruso, Naples, 1799 La ;
TEMPEST, THE, Symphonic poem, in Tempesta, Italian opera, by Halevy, text

D minor, to Shakespeare's "Tempest," by by Scribe, London, June 14, 1850 Paris, ;
John Kuowles Paine, op. 31, first given Feb. 25, 1851 in German, by Winter, ;
in New York, under Theodore Thomas's Munich, 1793. Fantaisie dramatique sur la
direction, in October, 1877. I. Allegro con Tempete, for chorus, orchestra, and piano-
fuoco, The Storm U. Adagio tranquillo. forte, by Hector Berlioz, first given in
;
Calm and happy scene before Prospero's Paris, Nov. 7, 1830, the year of its composi-
cell ; in. Allegro moderate e tranquillo, tion. See Episode de la vie d'un artiste.
Prosjêro's tale IV. Allegro ma non troppo,
; —
Jullien, Berlioz (1888), 56.
The happy love of Ferdinand and Miranda, TE^klPIA, STEFANO, born at Kacconigi,
Ejiisode (Caliban), Triumph of Prospero's Piedmont, Dec. 5, 1832, still living, 1890.
potent art. This work was given in Bos- Violinist, pupil of his father, a military
ton in November, 1877, and has been band-master, and of Luigi Felice Rossi
frequently played throughout the country. became maestro di cappella of the Teatro
— Neue Zeitschr., xxii. 94. Sutera, Turin, and in 1853 of the Teatro
TEMPEST, THE, music to Shakespeare's Carignano, having in the meanwhile filled
drama for chorus, soli, and orchestra, by the post of maestro di cappella at the Col-
Frank Van der Stuckeu, op. 8, first per- legiate church of Trino, province of Ver-
formed at the Stadt-Theater, Breslau, in celli. In 1861 he wiis made a member of
1882. the royal orchestra, then succeeded Rossi
TE:MPEST, the, music to as professor in the two public schools of
incidental
Shakespeare's play, by Arthur Sullivan, op. Turin, and in 1868 became professor at the
1, first performed at the Ciystal Palace, Lyceum of music, and du'ector of the choral
London, April 5, 18G2. It consists of singing schools. Works Amore e capric- :
twelve numbers I. Introduction H. Melo- cio, operetta, Turin, 1869 2 masses Hymn
: ; ; ;
drama and songs, " Come unto these yellow alia Palestrina La caravane, s3'mphonic ;
sands," and " Full fathom five " HI. An- fantasy Many pieces for violin. Fetis,
; ; —
dante sostenuto, orchestra, and melodrama ;
Sui^plement, ii. 567.
IV. Prelude to Act IH. V. Melodrama, ; TE:MPLE de la GLOIRE, LE (The
solemn music VI. Banquet-dance
; VH. ; Temple of Glory), opera-ballet in three
Overture to Act IV. VHI. Masque IX. ; ; acts, with prologue, text by Voltaire, music
Duet for soprani, " Honour, riches," etc. ;
by Rameau, composed for the arrival of the
X. Dance of Nymphs and Reapers XI. ; dauphin, and first represented at Ver-
Prelude to Act V. XH. Andante, song,
; sailles, Nov. 27, 1745 and at the Academie
;
" Where the bee sucks," and Epilogue. Royale de Musique, Paris, Dec. 7, 1745.
Published by Cramer, and by Novello The opera was not a success, owing to the
(Loudon). Pianoforte score for four hands poor libretto, and it failed again when re-
4G8
TEMPLE
vived at the Acad^mie Royale de Musique France. The work, conducted by the com-
in 1740. —
Clement et Larousse, 654 La- poser, was a complete success. ;
jarte, i. 203. TEN BRINCK, JULIUS, born at Am-

TE:\1PLE de la PAIX, LE
(The Tem- sterdam, Nov. 4, 1838, still living, 1890.
ple of Peace), opera-ballet in six entrees, Instrumental composer, pupil of Bernard
text by Quinault, music by Lully, first rep- Koch, Tuijn, Smits, and Heinze then at ;
resented at Fontainebleau, before Louis Brussels (1858) of August Dupout, and at

XIV., Sej)t. 12, 1G85, and at the Academic Leipsic (1859) of Riehter. In 1860-68 ho
Royale de Musique, Paris, in October, 1G85. conducted a singing society at Lyons, then
It was written in honour of Louis XTV'. settled in Paris, where he was in great de-
One of the airs, sung by Amaryllis, became mand as a teacher and brought out all hia
very popular. The lords and ladies of the important compositions. "Works Calonice, :
court appeared in the original cast. Entrees opera-comique, Paris, 1869 Suite for or- ;
I. and II. Nymphs, shepherds, and shepherd- chestra, ib., 1874 Symphonic poem, ib., ;
esses; III. Basques IV. Bretons V. Ameri- 1876 Symjihony, suite, and concerto for
; ; ;
can Indians VI. Africans. The score was violin, with orchestra, ib.,
; 1878. — Fetis,
published by Ch. Ballard (Paris, 1685). Supplement, ii. 567 ; Viotta.
— Clement et Larousse, 654 Lajarte, TEN CATE. See Cate. ;
i. 51. TEN C0MMAND:\1ENTS, THE, set to

TEMPLER UND DIE JUDIN, DER
music in canon form by Haydn. The same
(The Templar and the Jewess), romantic music was used to other words under the
opera in three acts, text by "Wohlbriick, title, "Die zehn Gesetze der Kunst."
music by Marschner, op. 60, first repre- TENNSTEDT, J. C, born at Allstiidt,
sented in Leipsic, Dec. 22, 1829. The Saxe-Weimar, in 1807, still living (?), 1890.
libretto, founded on Sir Walter Scott's Vocal and instrumental composer, pupil of
"Ivanhoe," was a poor adaptation of the Toepfer and of Haeser at Weimar became ;
romance, and the opera was not very suc- director of the concerts at Jena in 1830,
cessful. It was first given in Berlin, Sept. and settled in 1836 at Louvaiii, Belgium,
8, 1831 in Munich in 1835
; and in Vienna where he was professor at the l^cole de Mu-
;
in 1862. The score was published by Hof- sique for more than twenty years. Works :
meister (Leipsic, 1829). Other operas on Festival Cantata, 1852 La rencontre, scene ;
Scott's " Ivanhoe " in English, by John for male chorus and orchestra (prize at
:
Parry, London, 1820. In French, by Ros- Dunkirk) Choruses and songs ^Nlarcho ; ;
sini and Pacini, text by Deschamps and de la garde civique beige Divertissements ;
Gustave de Wailly, Paris, Sept. 15, 1826. for full orchestra. Fetis, Supplement, ii. —
In Italian, text by Rossi, Venice, April, 568.
1832 by Tommaso Sari, Ajaccio and Bas-
; TENTH SYMPHONY, sketches for the,
tia, and II templario, by Otto Ni-
1863 ; by Beethoven, written in the summer of
colai, text by Girolamo Marino, Turin, Feb. 1824. In a letter to Moscheles, dated Vi-
II, 1840.— Hauslick, Moderne Oper, 79 ;
enna, March 18, 1827, eight days before his
AUgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxii. 645 xxxvi. 668 ; ;
death, Beethoven says :
" A symphony com-
Berliner mus. Zeitg., vii. 333 Mus. Woch- ;
pletely sketched is lying in my desk, as well
enblatt (1884), 70. as a new overture and other things." It
TEMPLIERS, LES, music by was intended for the London Philharmonic
opera,
Henry Litolflf, represented at the Theatre de Society. According to Mr. Thayer, " Carl
la Monnaie, Brussels, Jan. 25, 1886. The Holz told Otto Jahn that there was an in-
libretto is founded on events during the troduction to the Tenth Symphony in E-
last years of the reign of Philippe IV. of llat major, a soft piece ; then a powerful
4C<J
TERPSICIIOKE
Allegro in CThese were complete don, 1746 Bellerofonte, ib., 1747 Sesos-
minor. ; ;
in Beethoven's head, and had been played tri, Rome, 1751. Giuseppe riconosciuto,
to Holz on the piano." Several sketches oratorio; Mass. Fetis; Mendel; Saldoni, —
were printed in the first number of Hirsch- Efemerides de los musicos espafioles, 33.
bach's Musikalisch-kritisches Repertorium TERRY, LiiONARD, born at Liege,
(January, 1844).— Grove, iv. 92; Nohl, Feb. 13, 1816, still living, 1890. Vocal com-
Beethoven, iii. Ill, 309, 317, 558, 5G4, 690, poser, pupil of Daussoigne-Mehul at the
758, 777 Bayreuther Blatter (1884), 220.
;
Liege Conservatoire won in 1845 the sec- ;
TEPtP.SICHORE, ballet with songs, by ond government prize for composition for
Handel, first represented at Covent Garden, his cantata La vendetta, and in 1846 a j)rize
London, Nov. 13, 1734. It was given as a at Bruges for his Chant de victoire, with
" Prologo " to a revival of Pastor Fido, and orchestra. In 1849-52 he conducted the
it was written for the celebrated French Association Musicale in his native city,
danseuse Mile Salle, who appeared as Ter- where he also succeeded Geraldy as 2>i'o-
psichore. Apollo, having left Parnassus to fessor of singing at the Conservatoire. In
visit his "new Academy," asks Erato where 1861 he became chef d'orchestre at the
her sister Terpsichore may be. "While theatre of Liege. Works Fridolin, lyric :
Erato is praising her " intelligent feet," scene ; Maitre Bioch, ou le chercheur de
Terpsichore enters, and, at Apollo's com- trcsors, opera-comique, Liege, about 1862 ;
mand, expresses in her dancing the various La zingarella, do., ib., about 1863 Les ;
passions of love. A song on Jupiter, " Gran jeunes filles et I'ondine, scene for soprano
tonante," was taken from Paimasso in Festa, and orchestra Cantate-sercnade, 1849 ; ;
and the music to TerjDsichore's first entrance Elegie harmonique, for male voices, violin
from Tolomco. Apollo, Terpsichore, and solo, and orchestra, 1850 18 choruses for ;
Erato disappear while the final chorus is female voices ; 12 French and Italian mel-
being sung. The original score is lost, but odies ; About 40 romances, etc. He pub-
a copy in Smith's autograph, in Bucking- lished a biogi'aphy of Franyois Prume
ham Palace, is in "Additional Songs " (vol. (1853), and Recherches historiques sur la
ii.). It was first published by Arnold as a musique, etc. (Liege, 1864). Fetis Mendel. — ;
masque (London, 1795-96). Chrysander, — TERSCHAK, ADOLF, born in Prague,

Hiindel, ii. 368 ; Rockstro, do., 193 ; Schoel- April 21, 1832, still living, 1890. Virtuoso
cher, do. 172. on the flute, pupil of one Bilowitz, and in
TERRADELLAS, DOmNGO (mGUEL harmony of Franz Puffel and the organist
BERXABE), (Domenico Michele Barnaba Zenker, at Hermannstadt, Transylvania,
Terradeglias), born in Barcelona, Spain, bap- whither he had gone with his parents when
tized Feb. 13, 1711, died in Rome in 1751. only seven years of age then (1850-52) ;
Dramatic composer, pupil of Durante at the jDupil of Franz Zierer ou the flute, and of
Conservatorio San Onofrio, Naples. After Schlesinger and Sechter in theory, at the
bringing out several operas in Italy and two Conservatorium in Vienna. In 1852 he
in London, in 1746-47, he became maestro started on a concert tour, visiting Berlin,
di cappella at S. Giacomo degli Spagnuoli Hamburg, and London, then Ireland and
in Rome, where he seems to have remained Scotland, and in 1858 Paris and the South
until his decease. He is said to have died of of France, and returned to Transylvania.
grief from the failure of his opera Sesostri. In 1856 he set out on another tour East,
Works : Astarte, Naples, 1739 ; L' intrighe through the Danube principalities and Rus-
delle cantarine, opera buffa, ib., 1740 ; Ar- sia to Siberia, and in 1860 visited Prague,
temisia, Rome, 1740 Issifile, Florence, in 1863 Germany, living in the meanwhile
;
1742 ; Merope, ib., 1743 mtridate, Lon- at Hermannstadt and Vienna. In 1866 he
;
470
;
TErvZiA:Ni
was at Bucharest, and in 1869 apparently century, died in Rome, Aug. 31, 1837), who
at Linz, Upper from a studied composition in Rome under Giu-
Austria, to judge
composition published there. Works Sal- seppe Baini, wrote an oratorio, Daniele, for :
tareUa, for flute, violoncello, and pianoforte, the Chiesa Nuova, a mass with orchestra
op. 20 6 duos for flutes, op. 82
; Ave for S. Luigi de' Francesi, and a psalm for ;
Maria, for soprano or tenor, with chorus 8 voices (2 choirs) for II Gesti. Fctis — ;
and flute obligato, 2 clarinets, and strings Mendel Schilling. ;
(Linz, 1869) ; Many compositions for flute, TESEO (Theseus), Italian opera in five
Avith pianoforte or orchestra ; Songs. — II- acts, text by Nicolu Haym, music by Han-
lustr. Zeitg. (1858), i. 239 ; Wurzbach. del, first represented at the Queen's Theatre,
TERZIANI, EUGENIO, born in Rome in London, Jan. 10, 1712. This, Handel's
1828, died there, June 30, 1889. Dramatic only opera in five acts, was finished, Dec.
composer, pupil of Mercadante at the Conser- 19, 1712. The scene is in Athens, and the
vatorio in Naples. About 1848 he became subject is the jealousy of Medea, who, en-
maestro di cappella at the Teatro Apollo amoured of Teseo, tries to destroy her rival,
in Rome, then was in the same capacity at Agilea, by her sorcery, and failing, per-
the Scala in Milan, 1867-71, and returned to suades Egeo to poison his son but Egeo ;
his former position in Rome, where he was recognizes Teseo in time to avoid handing
appointed professor of composition at the him the fatal cup. The opera ends with
Liceo Musicale of the Accademia di Sta. Ce- the union of Teseo and Agilea, and of Arcane
cilia. He is much esteemed also as a vocal and Clizia, who have little to do with the
teacher. Works Operas —
Giovanna di action. The music of Teseo equals that of
:
Napoli, Rome, about 1816 Alfredo, ib. Rinaldo, one of Handel's best operas.
; Ori-
Niccolo de' Lapi (L' assedio di Firenze), ginal cast Teseo (S.), the Cavaliere Valeri- :
ib., 1883 La caduta di Gerico, oratorio, ano Agilea (S.), Margarita de 1' Epine
; ; ;
Rome, 1844 Cecilia mass Requiem for Medea (S.), Signora Pilotti Schiavonetti
; ; ;
Victor Emanuel. — Riemann. Egeo, Valentiui ; Signora Vit-

Clizia (S.),
TERZIANI, PIETRO, born in the Papal toria Albergazzi ; Arcane (A), Mrs. Barbicr ;
States in 1768, died in Rome (?) after 1836. Fedra (S.), and Minerva (S.). Teseo, which
Church composer, studied in Rome and was dedicated to the Earl of Burlington, at
Naples ; travelled in Italy, German^', and whose house Handel is supposed to have
Spain, lived in Vienna, and in 1816 was resided during its composition, was given
appointed maestro di cappella at S. Gio- twelve times during the first season, and a
vanni in Laterano, Rome. Works Eleven : special performance took place on ]May 15,
masses for 4 voices 3 do. for eight voices ; ;
1734. The autograph, in fragments only,
Coufiteor for do. do. for 4 voices Lau-
; ; is in Buckingham Palace, where are also
date for do. Ave Maria with Alleluia for
; two complete conducting scores, and a third
8 voices Many graduals Motets and an-
;
copy without the recitatives and labelled by
;
thems 2 dixit for 4 and 8 voices, with or-

; the bookbinder "Original Score," although
chestra Lsetatus sum for 4 voices and it is not in Handel's autograph.
;
Teseo was
orchestra Beatus vir, for do.; 2 masses one of the first works published by Arnold
;
;
for do. 2 Te Deum for do.

; Mass for 8 Breitkopf k Hiirtel (Lcipsic, 1874).— Chry-
;
voices and Complete vespers for 2 sander, Hilndel, i. 379 Rockstro, do., 77
do. ;
; ;
choirs, organ, and orchestra Litanies with Burney, iv. 238 Gerviiuis, Gesiinge aus
;
;
echo and orchestra, etc.; H Creso, opera, Handel's Opern und Oratorien, vii. 126.
Venice, 1788 Several other operas, now
;
TE SOL' QUEST' AXIMA. Soo Altih.
forgotten. His son and pupil, Gustavo TESSARIN, ANGELO, born in Venice,
(born in Vienna in the beginning of this Aug. 16, 1834, still living, 1890. Pianist,
471
TESSARIN
devoted himself to teaching singing and Maria Pinelli Venere (S.), Teresa Giaco-
;
to composition. Works : Inno-Saluto, mazza ;and chorus of nymphs, nereids,

cantata for chorus and orchestra, Venice, naiads, and tritons. The score was printed
1875 Several compositions for solo voice
;
by van Ghelen (Vienna, 1760) a copy ;
and orchestra ; Morceaux de genre for pi- is in the Hofbibliothek, Vienna. Other
anoforte ; Vocal melodies. —Fetis, Supple- Italian operas on this subject Le nozze :
ment, ii. 570. di Teti e di Peleo, by Cavalli, text by Per-

TESSARIN, FRANCESCO, bom in Ven- sian!, Venice, 1639, translated into French
ice, Dec. 3, 1820, still living, 1890. Pi- by Benserade, Paris, Jan. 26, 1654 Teti, ;
anist, Antonio Fanna, and in

pupil of by Antonio Bertali, Mantua, 1652 Tetide ;
composition of Giovanni Battista Ferrari, in Sciro, by Domenico Scarlatti, Rome,

Works L' vdtimo Abencen'agio, lyric
: 1712 and Teti e Peleo, dramatic cantata,
;
drama, Venice, 1858 ; Mass Psalms Mor- ; ;

by Rossini, Naples, 1816. In French :
—
ceaux de concert for pianoforte. Fetis, Thetis et Pelee, opera in five acts with pro-
Sui^plement, ii. 5G9. logue by Colasse, text by Fontenelle, Aca-
TESSARINI, CARLO, born at Rimini, demic Royale de Musique, Paris, Jan. 11,
Italy, in 1690, died (?). Virtuoso on the 1689 Thetis, ballet-opera by Batistin ;
violin, studied probably in Rome, and pos- Struck, Versailles, about 1711 ; Thetis et
sibly under he imitated
Corelli, by Benjamin de Laborde, Paris, Oct.
whose style Pelee,
in his early compositions. He was maestro 10, 1765 and by Stanislas Champein, ;
concertatore in the principal church at Paris, 1799; Peleus and Thetis, English
Urbino. Works Sonate per due violini :masque, in Lord Landsdowue's " Jew of
e basso, etc. (Amsterdam, Paris) Sonate Venice," music by William Boyce, London,
;
a due violini. Lib. L, II. (ib.) 12 concertini 1701 and Thetis und Peleus, the first
; ;
a violiuo principale, 2 violini di ripieno, etc. opera in Swedish, by Uttini, text by Wel-
(ib.) 12 sonate a violino solo, e basso per lander, Stockholm, 1773.
; Marx, Gluck —
organo (Paris) 6 divertimenti a due vi- und die Oper, i. 179
; Schmid, Ritter von ;
olini L' arte di nuova modulazione, ossia Gluck, 80 Desnoiresterres, Gluck et Pic-
; ;
coucerti grossi, etc. (Amsterdam and Paris, cinui, 18, 29.

1762) Contrasto armonico, etc. (ib.) Gram-
; TEYBER (Tayber), ANTON, born in Vi-;
matica di musica. Fetis —

Mendel Rie- enna, Sept. 8, 1754, died there, Nov, 18,
; ;
mann. 1822, Church composer, son and pupil of

TETIDE (Thetis), Italian serenata in two the court musician Mathias Teyber (died
acts, text by Magliavacca, music by Gluck, 1785), and for nine years pupil of Padre
first represented at the Italian theatre, Char- Martini at Bologna. After accompanying
lottenburg, Copenhagen, April 9, 1749, at his sister Elisabeth, a dramatic singer, on a
the celebration of the birth of the Crown tour through Italy, Portugal, Germany,
Prince, afterwards Christian VII. (born Jan. and Russia, he became organist in the court
29, 1749). The score was left to the Biblio- orchestra at Dresden, then in 1792 pianist
thek, Berlin, by Polchau. The story is of at the imperial opera in Vienna and adjunct
the nuptials of Peleus and Thetis. It was to Salieri, and in 1793 court composer and
revised and given at the Redouten-Saal, musical instructor to the imperial children.
Vienna, Oct. 10, 1760, during the marriage Works Gioas, oratoi'io, Vienna, 1788 La : ;
festivities of the Archduke Joseph of Austria Passione di Giesh Cristo, 1790 Die Ein- ;
with Isabella de Bourbon, Princess of Parma, nahme von Belgrad, Dresden, 1792 Her- ;
with the following cast: Tetide (S.), Ca- mes und Mirabella, melodrama Many ;
terina Gabrielli Apollo (S.), Giovanni Man- masses

; Grande symphonic (1799) Quar- ; ;
zoli Marte (T.), Carlo Carlani

; Pallade (S.). tets for strings 12 menuets and 12 alle-
;
;
4n
'
TEYBER
mandes (Yienna, 1792) ; 12 allemandes tion. Thalberg studied the pianoforte
(ib.) ; 6 ecossaises (ib.) ; Songs, etc. — Oes- under the first bassoon player at the Hof-
terreicbische Eevue (1864), iv. 172, 174 ;
oper, then under
Wurzbach. August Mittag and
TEYBER (Tayber), FRANZ, born in Vi- Hummel, and theory
enna, Nov. 15, 1756, died there, Oct. 22, under Sechter. At
1810. Organist, pianist, and dramatic com- the age of fifteen his
poser, brother of the preceding pupil of playing attracted at- ;
his father, and in composition of Wagenseil. tention in private

He made a concert tour through Southern 1830 circles, and in
Germany and then was for he made his first con-
Switzerland,
several years Kapellmeister of Schikaneder's cert tour through
theatres at Augsburg, Freising, Ratisbon, Germany. In 1835
etc., and became Conzertmeister at Carls- he went to Paris, and extended his torn-,
ruhe, where he also instructed the prin- which can only be called triumphal, to Bel-
cesses and, being an excellent bass singer, gium, Holland, England, and Russia, up to
took part successfully in Italian opera. 1839. In 1813 he married in Paris Mme
For three jeava he was then Conzertmeister Boucher (daughter of Luigi Lablache, and
at Berne, and in 1799 returned to Vienna, widow of a painter of some reputation).
where he found his former principal Schika- In 1845 he went to Spain. In 1851 his
neder conducting the Theater an der Wien, opera Florinda failed in London, a fate
and entered his service once more, writing which was shared by his second and last
oiDerettas and Singspiele for his theatre. opera, Cristina di Suezia, in Vienna in 1855.
In 1810, only two months before his death, In this year he visited Brazil going to the
he was appointed organist at the imperial United States in 1856 and in 1858 to Na-
chapel. —
Works Operas Alexander, Vi- : ples, where he settled to lead a life of
enna, 1801 Adelheid von Veltheim Die
; ; elegant retirement at his villa at Posilippo.
Eutfiihrung, oder Ritter Karl von Eichen- In 1862 he went again to Paris and Lou-
horst Der Schlaftrunk
; Der Zerstreute ; ;
don, and in 1863 to Brazil. After this he
Das Spinnerkreuz am Wiener Berge, 1807 ;
retired permanently to Posilippo. As a
L'aragno di Benevento Schah Wampum. ; pianist Thalberg was conspicuous for his
Operettas Laura Rosetti Sheraddin und
: ; beauty of tone, the perfection of his legato
Almansor Der Telegraj)h oder der Neuig-
; playing, and the exquisite grace and refine-
keitskriimer Pfandung und Personal-Ai--
; ment
of his style. The innovations for
rest ; etc. Der sterbende Jesus, oratorio which he was famous were, however, for
;
Mass and other church music ; Songs. the most part not original, or not impor-
—Wurzbach. tant. The feat which is most associated
TH ALBERG, SIGISMUND, born in with him, that of playing a cantilena with
Geneva, Switzerland, Jan. 7, 1812, died in the two thumbs alternately, sustaining the
Naples, April 27, 1871. He was the natural
notes with the pedal, while the disengaged
son of Prince Moritz Dietrichstein and Bar- hand plays brilliant arpeggios, scales, or
oness von Wetzlar. His early education octave-passages, now above, now below tlio
was given him by his mother and a govern- melody, was copied by him from tlic harp-
ess, Madame Denver, at the Pension Sici- ist Parish-Alvars. As a composer he showed
liewski in Geneva. In 1822 he was sent to no originality, and not much talent. His
live in Vienna with his father, who was so playing of some few classic works was
fond of him that he gave up an ambassador's wonderfully fine but he was most at homo ;
appointment to look after his further educa- in salon music, in which field ho has, pcr-
473
; ;
THAL
haps, never been equalled. Works Sou- criptions), op. 71 ; 3 melodies by Schubert, :
venirs de Vienne, op. 4 ; Concerto in F op. 79a ; Fernand Cortez, op. 83. Varia- —
minor, op. 5 ; Grand divertissement in F tions, on : 2 Russian airs, op. 17 ; Finale
minor, op. 7 Caprice in E minor, op. 15
; ;
from Lucia, op. 44 ; Le depart, op, 55
2 nocturnes, in F-sharp and B, op. 16 The barcarolle in L' eUsire d' amore, op. 66 ;
Divertissement (Soirees musicales), op. 18 Home, sweet home, op. 72 (or 74 ?) The
; ;
Caprice No. 2, in E-flat, op. 19 ; 3 nocturnes, last rose of summer, op. 73 Lily Dale, op. ;
op. 21 Grande fantaisie, op. 22 12 etudes, 74. Souvenir de Beethoven, op. 39 Do.
; ; — ;
op. 26 Nocturne in E, op. 28

;
Scherzo du Ballo in maschera, op. 81 Do. de ; ;
in A, op. 31 Andante in D-flat, op. 32 Rigoletto, op. 82 L'art du chant applique

; ; ;
Grande nocturne in F-sharj), op. 35 6 au jiiano (22 transcriptions in 4 series), op. ;
pieces, op. 36 Eomance and etude, op. 70 Grand duo concertant on Semiramide,
; ;
38 2 romances sans paroles, op. 41 Theme for pianoforte and violin (with de Beriot),
; ;
and etude, in A minor, op. 45 Valses bril- oj). 54 Do. for do. (with Panofka) Do. ; ; ;
lantes, op. 47 Grande sonate in C minor, for 2 pianofortes, on II trovatore (with

;
op. 56 ; 10 pieces for preparatory study, Gottschalk) ; 48 German songs, op. 8, 11,
op. 57 ; Marche funcbre variee,

op. 59 ; Barcarolle, op. 60 ; Valse
melodique, op. 62 ; Les capri-
cieuses (waltzes), op. 64 Sou- ;
venir de Pesth, op. 65 ; Tareu-

telle, op. 65 ; Trio for pianoforte,
violin, and violoncello, op. 69 ; Les soirees de 13, 23-25, 29, 30.— Grove ; Fetis ; Mendel
Pausilippe (24 pieces in 6 books), op. 75 Ramann (Cowdery), Franz Liszt, ii. 224 ;
Celebre ballade, op. 76 Eomance drama- von Lenz, Die grossen Pianoforte-Virtuosen
;
tique, op. 79b ; La napolitaine, dance, op. 80. unserer Zeit.

—Fantasias on Robert le Diable, op. 6 ; La THAL DES ESPINGO, DAS (The Vale
straniera, op. 9 Les huguenots, oi?. 20 God
; ; of the Espingo), ballad for male chorus and
save the Queen, and Rule Britannia, op. 27 ;
orchestra, text by Paul Heyse, music by
Moise, op. 33 Oberon, op. 37 La donna
; ; Joseph Rheinberger, oj). 50. Published
del lago, op. 40 by E. W. Fritzsch (Leipsic, 1871).— Mus.
Serenade and Minuet from ;
Don Giovanni, op. 42 Les huguenots. No. Wochenblatt (1871), 691.

;
2, op. 43 Lucrezia Borgia, op. 50 Semi-

; THALIA, overture for orchestra, by ;
ramide, op. 51 La muette de Portici, op. George W. Chadwick, to an imaginary com-

;
52 Zampa, op. 53 Styrian melodies, op. edy, first performed in Boston in 1883.
; ;
61 II barbiere di Siviglia, op. 63 Don

; THAMOS, KONIG IN AEGYPTEN ;
Pasquale, op. 67 ; La fiUe du regiment, op. (Thamos, King of Egypt), choruses and in-
68 II trovatore, op. 77 La traviata, op. cidental music, written by Mozart to the
; ;
78. — Fantasiaswith variations, on Eury- Baron von Gebler's drama of this title. It :
anthe, op. 1 A Scotch theme, op. 2 I was composed in Salzburg in 1779-80, and
; ;
Capuletti ed i Montecchi, op. 10 Norma, first performed there. There is no over- ;
op. 12 Don Giovanni, op. 14. Impromp- ture, although some authorities try to prove
; —
tus, caprices, divertissements, etc., on Le that the instrumental composition in G :
siege de Corinthe, op. 3 The gypsy's (Kochel, No. 318), dated April 26, 1779,
;
warning, op. 34 La sonnambula, op. 46 was written as a prelude to Thamos. Each

;
;
Charles VI., op. 48 A march by Berlioz, op. entr'acte expresses through music the emo-
;
58 Ballad from Preciosa, op. 70a Duo from tions in the preceding act, and by means
; ;
Der Freischiitz, op. 70b Florinda (6 trans- of superscriptions on the score Mozart de-
;
474
; ;
THAYER
noted the shades of character that he in- Eliot Church, Newton. He was director of
tended to represent, which shows a curious music for the celebration of the
2o0th an-
anticipation of the system of the Leitmotiv. niversary of the founding of the town of
L Chorus, " Schon weichet dir, Sonne, des Dedham, was a member of the Apollo Club
Lichtes Feindin, die Nacht," Maestoso II. ; of Boston in 1881, and became in 1889 a
Entr'acte, Maestoso and Allegro III. Entr'- ; member of the Harvard Musical Associa-
acte, Andante ; IV. Entr'acte, Allegro ; V. tion. Works Thou art my Dream, song,
:
Entr'acte, Allegro vivace assai VI. Chorus,

1881 Credo, and Sunset Song, part-songg
;
;
" Gottheit iiber Alle miichtig," Adagio maes- for men's voices, 1884
Wicked Nephew, ;
toso. Allegro vivace. Allegretto, Allegro vi- Minstrel, Muleteer's Song, Ro.salind's Mad-
vace \I1. Entr'acte, Pheron's Verzweiflung, rigal, and Bugle Song, part-songs for men's
;
Gottesliisterungund Tod and Chorus, "Iln* voices, 1885 What her face says, Summer
; ;
kinder des Staubes erzittert und bebet," Song, and Flowers for sleep, part-songs for
Andante moderate. Thamos was first given women's voices, 1885 Old King Coul, ;
entire in England by the Borough of Hack- part-song, sung by the Boylston Club, Bos-
ney Choral Association, under Ebenezer ton, May 5, 1886 Sea Greeting, part-song, ;
Prout's direction, London, Jan. 22, 1883 with orchestra, Apollo Club, Boston, 1886
;
;
and several numbers were played at the The Men, part-song, Boylston Club, Dec. 9,
Crystal Palace, London, Feb. 17, 1883. 1886 The Quiet Moon upon the Clouds, ;
The autograph, in possession of Andre, Milkmaid, My swete swetying. Beware, Go

Frankfort am Main, was first published by hold White Roses, and Good Night, 1886
Breitkopf & Hiirtel, who also published the Celebration Ode for mixed chorus and or-
hymns. Two of the choruses arranged in gan, 1887 Heinz von Stein, Maying, and
;
pianoforte score by C. Zulehner, and pub- When I came to court, 1887

first The ;
lished by Simrock (Bonn), are thought not Clover Blossoms, Supplication, and My
genuine. An arrangement of all the music Love, 1890 Christmas service and Easter
;
for the pianoforte by H. Ulrich was pub- service for children's voices, 1889 Church ;
lished by Peters (Berlin and Leipsic, 1866). service, 1888 Courante, Bourree, and Po-
;
Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie lonaise for the pianoforte, and many ar-
v., No. 12. —Kochel, Verzeichniss, No. 345 rangements.
Jahn, Mozart, ii. 349, 383, 546 ; do. (Towns- THAYER, (WHITNEY) EUGENE, born
end), ii. 103-111 ; Andre, Verzeichniss, No. at Mendon, Massachusetts, Dec. 11, 1838,
159. died at Burlington, Vermont, Jan. 27, 1889.
THANKS BE TO GOD. See Dank sei Organist, began at fourteen to study the
dir Gott. organ, and in 1862 was one of the players at
THAYER, ARTHUR WILDER, born in the opening of the great organ in Music Hall,
Dedham, Massachusetts, Aug. 26, 1857, Boston. In 1865-66 he studied in Europe
still living, 1890. Vocal composer and con- under Haupt, Wieprecht, and others, and
ductor, pupil of Dr. C. A. Guilmette and on his return became organist of the Music
Charles R. Adams in singing, of George W. Hall, Boston, editor of the " Organist's
Chadwick in harmony, counterpoint, and Journal " and of the " Choir Journal," and
instrumentation, and of Carl Zerrahn in director of the Boston Choral Union, the
conducting. He has conducted choral so- New England Church Music Association, and
cieties in Lowell, Salem, Worcester, Alls- other musical societies. In 1869 he began
ton, Providence, and other towns in 1882 to give free organ recitals in Boston, and
;
-85 was superintendent of music in the afterwards gave many hundred in the prin-
public schools of Dedham, and in 1885-88, cipal cities of the country. He played in
of Milton. He is now director of music at most of the great cities of Europe and tho
175
;
THE
United States, delivered numerous lectures, THE LORD IS A MAN OF WAR, duet
and contributed much to raise the standard for two basses, in A major, with accompani-
of musical taste. In 1881-88 he was organ- ment of two oboes, bassoon, strings com-
ist of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church plete, organ, and continuo, in Handel's Israel
(Dr. John Hall) in New York. He received in Egypt, Part II.

the degree of Doctor of Music frona Oxford THE LORD IS STRENGTH, duet MY
University for his Festival cantata, for soli for two soj)rani, in A minor, with accom-
and chorus, in eight real parts, with or- paniment of violins in unison, and continuo
chestra. He composed also songs, part- (the closing ritornello has the strings com-
songs, and organ music. plete), in Handel's Ist-ael in Egypt, Part H.
THE ENEMY SAID, tenor aria in G THEN SHALL THE RIGHTEOUS.

major, with accompaniment of strings com- See Dana werden die Gerechten leuchten.
plete, and coutinuo, in Handel's Israel in THEODORA, oratorio in three acts, text
Egypt, Part II. by Thomas Morell, music by Handel, first
THE HEART BOWED DOWN. See given at Covent Garden, London, " with a
Bohemian Girl. new concerto on the organ," March 16,
THEILE, JOHANN, born at Naumburg, 1750. The autograph score, in Bucking-
July 29, 164G, died there, June 24, 1724 ham Palace, is dated at the beginning of
Contrapuntist, pupil of Scheffler in his na- the first act, June 28, 174 (the 9 cut away),
tive town after a short time spent at the at the end of the first act, July 5, 1749, at
;
University of Halle, and in Leipsic as singer the end of the second, July 11, 1749, and
and player on the gamba, he studied un- at the end of the oratorio, July 31, 1749,
der Heinrich Schiltz, at Weissenfels. After This work, which is very beautiful, has
teaching music at Stettin, he became in been less appreciated than any of Handel's
1G73 Kapellmeister to the Duke of Holstein, later compositions. He prized it highly,
at Gottorf then taught and composed in and thought "He saw the lovely youth,"
;
Hamburg, and in 1685 was appointed Ka- finer than the Hallelujah chorus in the Mes-
pellmeister at Wolfenbilttel, and later at siah. The beauty of Theodora's character
Merseburg, where he remained until the and the development of that of Septimus
death of his patron, Duke Christian H., are expressed with wonderful clearness.
when he returned to his native town. The work was not well I'eceived, which was
Among his pupils were Hasse, Zachau, and a great disappointment to Handel. Char-
Buxtehude. He was called by his contem- acters represented : Theodora, a Christian
poraries "the father of contrapuntists." of noble birth (S.) ; Irene, a Christian (A.)
Works Adam und Eva, Orontes, operas,
: Valens, president of Antioch (B.) ; Didimus,
Hamburg, 1G78 Die Geburt Christi, ora-
; a Roman officer, converted by Theodora
torio, ib., 1G81 German Passion (Liibeck,
; (T.) ; Septimus, a Roman officei', his friend
1G70) ; iuventum opus musicalis (T) and chorus of Christians and Romans.
Noviter ;
compositionis 4 et 5 vocum, containing 20 On Diocletian's birthday, Valens, president

masses in the Palestrina style ; Opus secun- of Antioch, orders Didimus to pi-oclaim a
dum, novfe sonatse rarissimaj artis et suav- feast and charging him
sacrifice to Jupiter,
itatis, containing sonatas, preludes, etc., to doom and flames those who
to the rack
for 2-5 instruments Musikalisches Kunst-
; refuse to obey. Theodora is captured, and
buch (Naumburg, 1691) Unterricht von ; Didimus, who is converted and who loves
einigen doppelten Coutrapunkten und deren her, comes to her rescue. She bids him
—
Gebrauch. Mendel Fetis Gerber Schill- ; ; ; kill her with his sword, but he refuses, and
ing ;Riemann Walther Mattheson,
; ; changing his habit for hers, aids Theodora
Ehren-Pforte, 371. in escaping. Hearing that Didimus is con-
476
;
THE
demned to death, she appears before Va- ble playing on two pianofortes. — N. illustr.
lens,and pleads that she may take his place. Zeitg. (Vienna, 1880), i. 125 ; Mendel ;
Valens, enraged, sends them both to death. Wurzbach.

With the exception of the numbers "Angels THESE DELIGHTS IF THOU CANST
ever bright and fair," " Lord to Thee each GIVE, tenor aria of L' Allegro, in D major,
night and day," "He saw the lovely youth," with accompaniment of trumpet, two oboes
and " Venus laughing from the skies," the in unison, three violins (1st and 2d in uni-
oratorio is almost unknown. Theodora was son), and bass, in Handel's L' Allegro, il
sung by the Singakademie, Berlin, in 1838, Pensieroso, ed il jModerato, Part H., No. 39.
and was given at the Crystal Palace, Lon- THESEE, tragedie-lyrique in five acts with
don, with additional accompaniments by prologue, text by Quinault, music by Lully,
Ferdinand Hiller, Feb. 7, 187-4. The score firstrepresented at Saint-Germain-en-Layc
was first published by Walsh (London) before the king, Jan. 11, 1675, and at the
Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1860). Kock- — Academic
Royale de Musique, Paris, in
stro, Handel, 305. April, This, one of LuUy's most
1675.
TH:fiODOIlE ET PAULIN. See tpreuve successful operas, kept the stage neai-ly a
villageoise. hundred years, being revived thirty times.
THE PEOPLE THAT WALKED IN The scene of the prologue is in the gardens
DARKNESS, bass aria in B minor, with of Versailles. The subject of the tragedy
accompaniment of violins in unison, and is the love of Thesc-e for figle, a princess
continuo, in Handel's 3Iessiah, Part L, No. whom Egee, Thusee's father, intends to
IL many. Thesee, going to Athens to quell
THERE LET HYMEN OFT APPEAR, a revolt, becomes the idol of the people.
aria of L' Allegro, in A
major for tenor, or Medee, the sorceress, forsaken by Thi'st-e,
in G major for soprano, with accompani- now in love with Egle, persuades l^gi'e to
ment of violins in unison, and bass, in Han- poison Thesee, but recognizing his son
del's L' Allegro, il Pensieroso, ed il Mode- Egee, embraces him. Medee takes flight,
rato. Part H., No. 33. Egle gives Thesee her hand, and the people
THERN, KAROLY (Karl), born at Iglo, of Athens rejoice. Original cast for the
Upper Hungary, Aug. 18, 1817, died in Vi- prologue Venus, Mile Beaucreux Ceres,
: ;
enna, April 13, 188G. Dramatic composer, Mile La Borde Mars, M. Godonesche and
; ;
studied music at home, then in Pesth, where Bellone, M. Dauphin. Cast for the trage-
he became in 1841 Kapellmeister at the die Medee, Mile Saint-Christophe Egle,
: ;
National theatre, and in 1853 professor of Mile Aubry Cleone, Mile Brigogne Ai--
; ;
pianoforte and composition at the Conserva- cas, M. Morel Thesee, M. Clediere. The ;
torium. In 1864 he resigned this position lârt of Medee was sung successively by
to travel with his sous, to introduce them to IMlles Rochois, Desmatins, Antier, and
the public as virtuosi in 1868 settled again Chevalier that of figle, by Miles Moreau,
; ;
at Pesth, and afterwards in Vienna. Works Journet, Tulou, Pelissier, Fel, and Sophie
—Operas Gizul, Pesth, 1841 Die Bela- Arnould l^^gee, by Tlievcnard, de Chasse,
: ; ;
gerung von Ticheny, ib., 184:5 Der Hypo- and Larrivee and Thesee, by Dumesny,
;
;
chonder, ib., 1855 Music to Gaul's drama. Murayre, Cochereau, Tribou, Jelyotte, ami
;
The Notary of Paleska Pianoforte music, Legros. The score was first published by
;
and songs. His sons and pupils, Willi Christophe Ballard (Paris, 1688 2d ed., ib., ;
(born June 22, 1847) and Louis (born Dec. 1711). — Clement ct Larousso, 65'J ;
Lajarto,
18, 1848), distinguished pianists, studied in i. 25.
Leipsic in 1864-65 under Moscheles and THTÎST^Ê, tragedio-lyriquo, textby (^li-

Eeinecke, and are noted for their ensem- uault, arranged by Morel do Chedeville in
477
;
THESPIS
three acts, music by Gossec, first repre- not been revived. Athenaeum (1871), ii. —
sented at the Acadcmie Royale de Musique, 893.
Paris, Feb. 26, 1782. This opera was not THE TRUMPET SHALL SOUND, bass
as successful as Lully's on the same libretto. aria in major, with accompaniment of D
The part of Medee was well written, and a trumpet, strings complete, and continuo, in
chorus of demons eflective, but an air of Handel's Messiah, Part IH., No. 46. This
Lully's introduced into the opera received air is much altered in Mozart's score much ;
the largest share of applause. Original in the original trumpet part is transferred
cast : Eglu, Mile Saiut-Huberty Medee, Mile (an octave lower) to the
; first horn, the first
du Plant Thesee, ; M
Legros and Egee, part of the air is considerably curtailed,
;
M. Larrivee. The opera was given sixteen and the whole second part, " For this cor-
times in the season of 1782-83. Other op- ruptible must put on incorruption," in B
eras on this subject, in French by Mon- minor, wholly omitted. Franz has followed
:
donville, text by Quiuault, Academie Roy- Mozart's curtailment of the first part of the
ale de Musique, Paris, Jan. 13, 17G7 and ; air,but he has restored Handel's trumpet
an operetta, Le fils de Thesee, by Toussaint part,and the second part of the air, which
Fortune Julieu, Aix, Feb. 13, 18G1. In Ger- in the original score is accompanied only
man Theseus, by Strungk, text by von
: by a continuo.
Bostel, after Quiuault, Hambm-g, 1G83 THIBAUT IV., Count of Champagne,
Theseus und Helena, by Johann Augustin King of Navarre, born at Troyes early in
Kobelius, Weissenfels, 1729 and Theseus ; 1201, died there, July 13, 1254, accoi'ding
und Ariadne, pantomime by Anton Fischer, to French sources, or at Pampeluna, July
text by Stegmeyer, Vienna, 1808. In Ital- 8, 1253, according to Navarrese accounts.
ian Elena rapita di Teseo, by Cavalli, Ven-
: One of the most famous troubadours, called
ice, 1653 Teseo tra le rivali, by Freschi,
; Faiseur de chansons his songs are said to
;
text by Aurelio Aureli, Venice, 1685 II ; have been inspired by his love for Queen
ritorno di Teseo dal labirinto di Greta, by Blanche de Castille, mother of Saint-Louis.
Draghi, text by Minato, Vienna, 1686 ;
Bishop de La Ravailliere edited a collection
Teseo in Ateue, by Gianettini with Saba- of sixty-three songs under the title Poesies :
dini, text by Aurelio Aureli, three acts, du roi de Navarre, etc. (Paris, 1742), from
Parma, 1688 Teseo, by Handel, text by
; manuscripts in the Paris Library. La- —
Haym, London, Dec. 10, 1713 Teseo in ; rousse.
Creta, by Conti, text by Pariati, Vienna, THIELE, EDUARD, born at Dessau,
Aug. 28, 1715 by Tommaso Albinoni,
; Nov. 21, 1812, still Hviug, 1890. Instru-
Venice, 1725 Teseo, by Jeran. Francisco
; mental and vocal composer, pupil of Kop-
de Lima, Lisbon, 1783 Teseo a Stige,; prasch, and Friedrich Schneider, travelled
by Sebastian Nasolini, Vienna, 1791 and ; about 1830 in Germany at the expense of
Teseo, cantata by Vincenzo Federici, text Duke Leopold of Dessau, and on his return
by Monti, Milan, June 3, 1804. See Ari- became second Kapellmeister at the thea-
anna, Arianna a Naxos. Clement et La- — tre ; two years later he joined Julius Mil-
rousse, 660. ler's opera troupe, and conducted its or-
THESPIS, or the Gods grown Old, Eng- chestra at Halle, Altenburg, Magdeburg,
lishcomic opera in etc., then became music director at Co then,
two acts, text by Gilbert,
music by Sullivan, firstrepresented at the where he was also organist of the principal
Gaiety Theatre, London, Dec. 23, 1871. church, and professor at the seminaiy. In
Scene on Mount Olympus. This, the first 1855 he was recalled to Dessau, to succeed
of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas, was Schneider, and in 1860 received the title of
played eighty consecutive nights, but has Hof- Kapellmeister. Works Mass, 1840 ; :
473
;;
TIIIELE
Sonatas for pianoforte and violin do. for THOMAS, (.VRTHCR) GORING, born ;
pianoforte Choruses for mixed, and male at Ratton, near Eastbourne, Sussex, Eng-
;
voices ; —
Songs, and duets. Futis Mendel. land, Nov. 21, 1851, still living, 1890. Dra-
;
THIELE, KAKL LUDWIG, bom at matic composer, pupil of l^mile Duraud in

Quedlinburg, Nov. 18, 181G, died in Ber- Paris, 1875-77, then of Aiihur Sullivan and
lin, Aug. 17, 18-18. Organist, son and pupil Ebenezer Prout at the Royal Academy of
of the cantor of Nieder-SchOnhausen, and Music in London won the Charles Lucas ;
studied later under W. Bach at the Roj-al prize in 1879 and 1880. Works — Operas :
Institute of Church Music in Berlin. In The Light of the Harem (MS.) Esmeralda, ;
1839 he became organist of the Parochialkir- Loudon and Cologne, 1883 Nadeshda, ;
che in Berlin, and died prematurely of the London, 1885. The Sun-Worshippers, can-
cholera. Works Variations, preludes, and: tata, Norwich Festival, 1881, New York,
concert pieces for organ. Mendel F6tis. — ; Liederkranz Concert, Nov. 20, 1887 ; 4
THIERFELDER,- ALBERT, born at dramatic scenes ; Anthem for soprano solo,
Miihlhausen, Thuringia,
April 30, 1846, chorus, and orchestra, London, St. James's
still Instrumental and vocal Hall, 1878 Ballet music Some detached
living, 1890. ; ;
composer, pupil of Hauptmann and Richter pieces for orchestra Songs. Grove Rie- ; — ;
at Leipsic, where he studied also at the mann.

university and obtained the degree of doc- THOMAS, (CHARLES LOLTS) AM-
tor for an historical dissertation on music. BROISE, born at
Having acted a short time as musical con- Metz, Aug. 5, 1811,
ductor at Elbing, he went in 1860 to Bran- still living, 1890.
denburg, as cantor and vocal instructor at Dramatic compo-
the Gymnasium. In 187-4 he received the ser, pupil at the Pa-
title of royal music director. Works Die ris Conservatoire :
Jungfrau vom Konigsee, romantic opera, of Zimmerman

Brandenburg, 1877 Zlatorog, for chorus, ; and Kalkbrenner
soli, and orchestra, ib., Feb. 28, 1878 on the pianoforte, .
^ ., „
Symphony in C minor ; Quartet for piano-
forte and strings Sonatas for pianoforte. ; mony, of Barbereau in counterpoint, and
— Mendel Fetis, Supplement, ii. 571.
; of Lesueur in composition won in 1S29 ;
THIERIOT, FERDINAND, born in the first prize for pianoforte, in 1830 for
Hamburg, April 7, 1838, still living, 1890. harmony, and in 1832 the gi-and prix de
Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of Rome with his dramatic cantata Her-
Marxsen at Altona, then of Rheinberger in man et Ketty. After spending three years
Munich ; was music director at Hamburg, in Rome, Naples, Florence, Bologna, Ven-
Leipsic (1867), and Glogau (1868-70), then ice, Trieste, and Vienna, he returned in
director of the Styrian singing society at 1836 to Paris, and devoted himself to dra-
Gratz until 1885, when he settled in his matic composition. In 1871 he succeeded
native city. Works : Loch Lomond, sym- Auber as director of the Conservatoire.
phonisches Phantasiebild, for orchestra Member of the Academy, 1851 ; L. of
Am Traunsee, and female Honour, 1845, officer, 1858, commander,

for baritone solo
chorus, with string orchestra Quintet for 1868. He is one of the most prominent
;
pianoforte and strings Quartet for do. masters of the modern French school, some-
; ;
Sonata for pianoforte and violin 4 fanta- what kindred in spirit to Gounod, and in-
;
sias for do. Pieces for violoncello, with pi- genious and graceful in style.
;
His forte,
anoforte Choruses and songs.
; — Fctis, Sup- which lies in the opt'ra-comiiiue, culminated
plement, ii. 571 Riemann. ;
in IMignon, the success of which in Paris
479
; ::
THOMAS
has been ratified on all the principal stages Moorland, overture, ib., 1880 ; Pianoforte
of Europe and America. Works Operas music Songs. — : ;
La double ecbelle, Paris, Opera Comique, THOMAS, JOHN, born at Bridgend,

1837 Le perruquier de la regence, ib., Glamorganshire, Wales, March 1, 1826,
;
1838 Le panier fleuri, ib., 1839 Carline, still living, 1890. Harpist, pupil of J. B.
; ;
ib., 1840 Le comte de Carmagnola, Opera, Chatterton, and in theory of Potter and
;
1841 Le guerillero, ib., 1842 Angelique Read, at the Royal Academy of Music,
; ;
et Mc'dor, Mina, ou
Opera Comique, 1843 ;
where he is now professor of his instrument.
lemenage a trois, ib., 1843 Le Caid, ib., ; He travelled as a harp virtuoso in France,
1849 Le songe d'une nuit d'ete, ib., 1850
; ;
Germany, Russia, Austria, and Italy, and
Kaymond, ou le secret dela reine, ib., 1851 from 1862 gave Welsh concerts in London.
La Tonelli, La cour de Cclimene, Harpist to the Queen, 1872. Works
ib., 1853 ;
ib., 1855 ; 1857 Le Carnaval Llewelyn, cantata, Swansea Eisteddfod,

Psyche, ib., ;
de Venise, ib,, 1857 Le roman d'Elvire, 1863 The Bride of Neath Valley, a Welsh
; ;
ib., 1860 3Iignon, ib., Nov. 17, 18G6

; Ham- scene, Chester Eisteddfod, 1866 Concertos ; ;
let, Opera, March 9, 1868 Gille et Gillotin, for harp Waltzes, and transcriptions for
; ;
Opera Comique, 1874 ; FraiKjoise de Rimini, do. ; Welsh melodies, collection (1862-76) ;
Opera, April 14, 1882. Ballets La gipsy Songs, with harp. :
(with Benoist and Marliani), Opera, 1839 THOMAS, JOHN ;

ROGERS, born at
Betty, 1846 La tempete, ib., June 26,
ib., ; Newport, Wales, March 26, 1830, still liv-
1889. Cantata for the inauguration of Le- ing, 1890. He removed early to the United
sueur's statue, Abbeville, 1852 Hommage ; States and, after singing with the Seguin
a Boieldieu, cantata, Eouen, 1875. Messe English opera troupe, settled in New York.
solennelle, Paris, Saint-Eustache, Nov. 22, He is best known for his songs, some of
1857 Requiem, Marche religieuse, for or- which have been very popular. Works
;
chestra, Notre-Dame, 1865 3 motets, with The Picnic, cantata for female voices 'Tis
; ;
but a little faded

flower, Cottage by
the sea, Evange-
Q *^-'*-'«^^ ^ J- jjg^ Beautiful isle
of the sea, and

other songs,
organ ; Fantaisie for pianoforte and orches- THOMSON,
tra Quintet for strings
;
Quartet for do. ; JOHN, born at
Trio for pianoforte and strings Choruses ; Sprouston, Rox-
for male voices, which are considered pro- burgh, Scotland,
ductions of the first rank. — Fetis; do., Oct. 28, 1805, died
Supplement, ii. 573 ; Mendel ; Eiemann. in Edinburgh,
THOMAS, HAROLD, born at Chelten- May 6, 1841. In-
ham, England, Jul}' 8, 1834, died in London, strumental and
July 29, 1885. Pianist and instrumental vocal composer, pupil of Schnyder von
composer, pupil of Sterndale Bennett, Ci- Wartensee at Leipsic, where he renewed
priani Potter, and Henry Blagrove (violin), his acquaintance with Mendelssohn, whom
at the Royal Academy of Music, where he he had met
at Edinburgh. In 1839 he be-
is now Reid professor of music at the
professor of pianoforte, as well as came first
at the Guildhall School of Music. Works University of Edinburgh, and in 1841 con- :
Overture for a comedy do. to "As you like ducted the first Reid concert there. Works
;
it," London, 1864 Mountain, Lake, and ;Operas Hermann, or the Broken Spear, — :
480
:;
:
THOOFT
London, 1834 Tlie House of Aspen, ib.,
; violins in unison, and continuo,
in Handel's
1834 The Shadow on the Wall, ib., 1835.
; Messiah, Part II., No. 34.
This superb air,
Minuetto foi' pianoforte and flute Capric- ; one of the finest in the Messiah, is pub-
cio for pianoforte and violin Vocal melo- ; lished in the Mozart score without any ad-
dies of Scotland, with symphonies and ac- ditional accompaniments ; Robert Franz
companiments Pianoforte music and songs.
; was the first to put it into a proper shape
— Schilling. for performance.
THOOFT, WILLEM FEANS, born in THOUGH FORTUNE DARKLY. See
Amsterdam, July 10, 1821), still living, 1890. Eose of Castile.
Instrumental and vocal composer, pujîl on THOU SHALT BREAK THEM, tenor
the pianoforte of J. A. Klerk at Delft and of aria in A minor, with accompaniment of
Karel van der Does at The Hague, and in two violins and continuo, in Handel's Mes-
composition of Joseph Dupont, then at siah, Part II., No. 41.
Leipsic (1852) pupil of Hauptmann and THOU SHALT BRING THEM IN, alto
Richter. After a short stay in Paris, in aria in E majoi*, with accompaniment of
1855, he settled at Rotterdam, where he es- two violins, and continuo, in Handel's Isj-ael
tablished in 1859 a German opera. Works in Egypt, Part II.

Aleida von Holland, opera, Rotterdam, THOU WHO IN ^HGHT SLTREîIR
1866 De krooning van Keizer Karel V.,
; See Bohemian Girl.
symphony-cantata, Amsterdam, 1861 Over- ; THREE HOLY CHILDREN, oratorio in
ture to Die Jungfrau von Orleans Freud ; two parts, text from the Bible, music by
und Leid, fantasia for orchestra; 3 sym- Charles Villiers Stanford, first given at the
phonies Trio for pianoforte and strings
; ;
Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug. 28,
Sonatas for pianoforte Songs. Gregoir, ; — 1885. The first and best part consists
Biog., 171 Fetis, Supplement, ii. 575
; ;
chiefly of Psalm cxxxvii., " By the rivers of
Viotta. Babylon." The second contains a scene on
THORNE, EDWARD HENRY, born at the plains of Dura, with an opening hymn
Cranbourne, Dorset, England, May 9, 1834, to Bel and a chorus of Assyrian worship-
still living, 1890. Organist, pupil of George pers. It Avas conducted by Hans Richter,
Elvey at the Chapel Royal, Windsor, was and the solos were sung by Miss Anna
organist successively of Henley-on-Thames Williams, Mr. Maas, Mr. King, Signor Foli,
(1853), Cathedral (1863), St.
Chichester and Watkin Mills. This work was first
Patrick's,Brighton (1871), St. Peter's, sung in America by the Choral Societ}',
Cranley Gardens (1873), and St. Michael's, Hamilton, Canada, March 11, 1887. Athe- —
Cornhill, London, since 1875. Works nteum (1885), ii. 312 Signale (1885), 706.
;
Psalm cxxv., for chorus and orchestra THUR:\I ZU babel, der (The Tower of
Psalm xlvii., voicesforPsalm female ; Babel), sacred opera in three parts, text by
Ivii., and orchestra
for tenor solo, chorus, ;
Julius Rodenburg, music by Anton Rubin-
Several services Anthems Festival march
; ; ;
stein, op. 80, first given in Kunigsbcrg,
Funeral march Overture Toccata and Feb. 9, 1870. The text contains many an-
; ;
fugue 6 books of voluntaries for the or- achronisms. Nimrod, the great hunter, is
;
gan 2 trios for pianoforte and strings made chief builder of the Tower of Babel,
; ;
Sonata for pianoforte and violin Sonata which is being erected as an insult to the
;
and romance for pianoforte and violoncello Deity. Abraham rebukes him, and the en- ;
Suite for pianoforte and clarinet Piano- raged Nimrod orders him to be thrown into
;
forte music, part-songs, and songs. a fiery furnace, but angels protect him and
THOU ART GONE UP ON HIGH, bass he escapes unhurt. Tlie spcctatoi-s, ascrib-
aria in D minor, with accompaniment of ing the miracle to various gods, quarrel,
481
; ;
THURNER
and are ordered by Nirarod to resume work. the first with Joseph Wieniawski. He
A storm arises, aud Abraham prophesies settled at Toulon in 1850, and was organist
destruction, for which Nimrod orders him there, first at Saint-Jean's, then at the cathe-
to be thrown from the tower. Before this dral, until 1859, when he went to Marseilles.
is executed lightning strikes it and the In 1864-74 he was professor at the Con-
tower falls. Abraham exults, and the races servatoire there, and in 1864-69 gave pub-
of Shem, Ham, and Japheth disperse. lic trio-concerts, with Carl Graff and
Characters represented Nimrod (B.), Auguste Tolbecque. Works Concerto for
: :
Abraham (T.), Master Workman (Bar.), pianoforte and orchestra Pastorale for or- ;
Angels (boys' voices), and choruses of work- chestra Trio for pianoforte and orchestra ;
men, people, angels, and demons. This 2 polonaises, 2 valses romantiques, bar-
work was first given in Dresden, under carolle, tarentelle, etc., for pianoforte. Fc- —
Eubiustein's direction, Nov. 23, 1883 at tis. Supplement, ii, 575 Mendel, Ergiinz.,
; ;
Prague, April 1, 1883 at the Gewandhaus, 458. ;
Leipsic, Feb. 2G, 1885 and in New York, THUSNELDA, scenes for orchestra, by
;
by the Oratorio Society, Nov. 26, 1881. Adolph Martin Foerster, op. 10, first given
The was published by Senff (Leij^sic, at the Peabody concerts, Baltimore, Feb.
score
1875), and by Chappell (London).—Mus. 11, 1882. It was played at the Music
Wochenblatt (1870), 152, 217 Signale Teachers' National Association, Boston,
;
(1878), 401 (1880), 81 (1883), 481, 1096

;
June 30 and July 2, 1886.
;
(1885), 257 Upton, Standard Oratorios,

; THUSNELDA UND DER TRIUMPH-
2G0. ZUG DES GERMANICUS (Thusnelda and
THURNER, FRIEDRICH EUGEN, born the Triumph of Germanicus), German op-
at Mumpclgard, Wiirtemberg, Dec. 9, 1785, era in three acts, text by Hermann Dick-
died in Amsterdam, March 21, 1827. Vir- mann, music by Carl Grammann, first rep-
tuoso on the oboe, pupil of Ramm in Mu- resented at the Hoftheater, Dresden, March
nich, then lived for a short time at Offenbach. 31, 1881. The story is of Thusnelda, wife
In 1805 he entered the ducal orchestra at of the German prince Arminius (Hermann),
Brunswick, in 1807 that of King Jerome who, captured by the Roman general Ger-
at Cassel, and in 1813 began to travel in manicus, is taken by him to Rome to grace
Germany at Frankfort he played for a
; his triumph, shown in the third act. Li-
time in the orchestra under Spohr, and in cidental to the main plot are the loves of
1818 went to Holland. Frequently recur- the Princess Hilda and Sigismund, Thusnel-
ring attacks of insanity necessitated his da's brother. The music is in imitation of
confinement in an asylum at Amsterdam. Wagner. Original cast Thusnelda, Frl. :
Works Thi-ee symphonies Overture 4 Malteu ; Germanicus, Herr Bulss Sigis-

: ; ; ;
concertos for oboe ; 4 quartets for do. and mund, Herr Gudehus ; and Hilda, Frl.
strings ; Rondos and divertissements for Reuther.— Signale (1881), 481 Mus. Woch-
;
do. ; Trio for oboe and 2 horns Duos ; for enblatt (1881), 192.
oboe and pianoforte Sonata for horn and ; THYS, born in Paris, ALPHONSE,
pianoforte ; do. etc. Fc- March 8, 1807, died at Bois-Guillaume,
for pianoforte ; —
tis Mendel Riemann.
; ; near Rouen, August, 1879. Dramatic com-
THURNER, THEODOR, born atPfaffen- l)oser, pupil of Bienaimc and of Berton at
heim, Alsace, Dec. 13, 1833, still living, the Conservatoire, where he won in 1833
1890. Pianist, pupil at the Paris Con- the grand j^rix de Rome with the cantata
seiTatoire of Zimmerman and Alkan, and Le contrebandier espagnol. Works Alda, :
in harmony in 1849 of Bazin won in 1848 Paris, 1835 Le roi Margot, ib., 1839
; ; ;
the second prize for pianoforte, aud shared Oreste et Pylade, ib., 1844 L'Amazone, ;
482
;
TIEHSEN
ib., 1845 ; La
1848 Les sournoise, ib., ; with a danseuso and forgets his betrothed,
echos de Rosine, opera de salou. Choruses Helene. His imagination becomes excited,
for male and mixed voices. His daughter, and a demon, under the name of Doctor
Mme Pauline Thys-Sebault (born about Spiridion, gives to him, through his en-
183G), made her name known at an early chantress, Circe-Fiammetta, a magic silver
age by many chansonnettes and romances, beU, which he is to ring to receive all the
and composed the following operettas, and gold he may wish, but each time he does
operas-comiques La pomme de Turquie, : this a human life is lost. Pursuing his
Paris, 1857 Quand Dieu est dans le me-
;
love, who always escapes, Conrad breaks
nage, Dieu le garde, and La perruque du his timbre d'argent, and wakes to find it
Bailli, ib., 1860 Le pays de Cocagne, ib., ; all a dream. The opera was not a success.
1862 Manette, 1865 Le cabaret du Pot-
; ; — Clement et Larousse, 947 Athenaeum;
casse, Brussels, 1878 Le fruit vert Le ; ; (1877), i. 328.

mariage de Tabarin, Rouen, 1885. Fetis — ; TBIM, HENRY CHRISTLIN, born in
do.. Supplement, ii. 577. Hamburg, Germany, July 11, 1811, still hv-
TIEF IN DEN ABRUZZEN. See Stra- ing, 1890. Pianist, pupil on the pianoforte
della. and in harmony at Hamburg of Albert Gott-
TIEHSEN, OTTO, born in Dantzic, Oct. lieb Methfessel and of Jacob Sclimitt He
13, 1817, died in Berlin, May 14-15, 1849. made his first appearance as a pianist in
Vocal composer, pupil of the Royal Acad- 1828 under the direction of Methfessel, and
emy, Berlin, where he settled to teach mu- occasionally played two pianofortes with
sic. Works Annette, comic opera, Ber-
: Jacob Schmitt, under the direction of Carl
lin, 1847 Christmas Cantata Kyrie and
; ; Ki-ebs, Kapellmeister of the Stadttheater,
Gloria, for 6 voices and chorus Crucifisus Hamburg, in whose orchestra he was also
;
for 6 voices a cappella Songs and duets. alto-trombone. ; In 1835 he removed to

—Fetis Mendel Ledebur, 598.
; the United States and gave concerts in Bos-
;
TILMAN, ALFRED, born in Brussels, ton, Salem, and Newbui-yport, and later at
Feb. 3, 1848, still living, 1890. Pianist the Park Theatre in New York. Soon after
and church composer, pupil at the Brussels he played second horn at the Park The-
Conservatoire in 1866-71 won in 1870 the atre and was organist of Grace Church then
; ;
first prizes for pianoforte, counterpoint, and musical director of the Charleston (S. C.)
fugue. Works Requiem for Queen Louise Theatre until it was bui-ned in the great
:
Marie of Belgium, Laeken, 1875 Te Deum fire next chorus-master at the new Opera ; ;
solennel, Brussels, Sainte-Gudule, 1877 House in Church Street, New York, until ;
Cantate patriotique, Brussels, Alcazar, 1878 that also was burned. He has been organ-
La sirene, cantata, Ghent, 1878 Chant ist of St. Thomas's, the Unitarian Church ;
sacre, Louvain, 1874 Marnix, scene for a on Broadway near Eighth Street, and later
;
bass voice Choruses Collection of 24 for sixteen years of All Souls' Church on
; ;
fugues for 2 and 3 voices Quartet for Fourth Avenue. He was one of the early
;
—
homs etc. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 579.
;
members of the New York Philharmonic
TIMBRE D'ARGENT, LE (The Silver Society, and its president from 1847 to 1864,
Bell), opera-fantastique in four acts and since which time he has devoted himself
eight tableaux, text by Michel Carre and chiefly to teaching the pianoforte and har-
Jules Barbier, music by Saint-Saens, first mony, appearing only occasionally as an
represented at the Opera National Lyriquo, accompanist. Works Grand mass in F, :
Paris, Feb. 23, 1877. The libretto, which for soli and chorus, partly for eight parts
was declined by Gounod, is the story of Con- and double chorus, with orchestra and or-
rad, a painter of Vicuna, who falls in love gan ; Four-part songs, without accompani-
483
;
TIXEL
ment ;
of Rauche, at Halberstadt of Graf, and at
Canons, variations, tarentelle, etc.,
for two pianofortes, 4-liauds or solos. He

Arnstadt of Schweitzelberg in composition
has also published settings for two piano- and on the viola d'amore. In 1731 he be-
fortes of many classical works, such as 20 came coui't and city organist at Schmal-
of Cramer's £tudes celebres 2 of J. S. kalden, and a few years later received the
;
Bach's Preludes ; 2 of Mozart's sonatas (4 title of Conzertmeister to the Prince of

others in MS.) ; 2 of dementi's sonatas ; 6 Saxe-Coburg. Works : Das vergniigte Ohr
Bagatellen and several rondos by Hummel und der erquickte Geist, in sechs Galanterie-
Cinq morceaux en forme d'etude by Wol- Partien, zur Clavier-Uebung, etc., 3 parts
lenhaupt Weber's Invitation a la valse, and (Nuremberg, 1748) Divertissement musi-
; ;
2 of the four grand sonatas Spohr's Last cal, consisting of 3 suites for harpsichord 6
; ;
Judgment Mendelssohn's As the hart pants, petites suites, for do. 13 concertos for do.
; ;
etc. He left in manuscript 50 pieces of church :
TINEL, EDGAE, born at Sinay, Bel- music G concertos for oboe and viola 6 ; ;
gium, March 27, 1854, still hving, 1890. do. for violin G do. for harpsichord 6 ; ;
Pianist, pupil of Michelot, Mailly, Samuel, symphonies for 2 flutes, 2 violins, viola, and
and Bressiu, at the Brussels Conserva- bass G do. with 2 horns Overtures for ; ;
toire, where he won the first prize for pi- string instruments Sonatas for violin G ; ;
anoforte in 1873 then began to appear in fugues for harpsichord Divertissements for
; ;
public as a virtuoso, but continued to study do. Fetis Mendel Schilling. — ; ;
theory under Gevaert and Kuflferath. In 'TIS SAD TO LEAVE YOUR FATHER-
1877 he won the grand prix de Eome, with LAND. See Bohemian Girl.
his cantata De Klokke Roeland, performed TITL, ANTON EMIL, born at Pernstein,
at the Academic Royale de Belgique with Moravia, Oct. 5, 1809, died in Vienna, Jan.
unusual success. Other works St. Francis, 21, 1882. Dramatic composer, pupil of Rie-
:
oratorio, Malines, Aug. 22, 1888 Pianoforte ger at Briiun ; settled in Prague, and after- ;
—
music Songs. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 580. wards became Kapellmeister at the Burg-
;
TINTORER Y SEGARRA, PEDRO, born theater in Vienna. Works Operas Die — :
at Palma, Majorca, Feb. 12, 1814, still liv- Burgfrau, Briinn, 1832 Der Todtentanz ; ;
ing, 1890. Instrumental and vocal com- Der Antheil des Teufels Der Zauberschlei- ;
poser, pupil at Barcelona of Ramon Vila- er Das Wolkenkind, Vienna, 1845. Mass ;
nova, and at the Conservatorio there of for 8 voices, 1832 Overtures to Torquato ;
Albeniz on the pianoforte and of Carnicer Tasso and Der Leichenriiuber Songs and ;
in composition then in Pai'is pupil of Zim- duets. Fetis Mendel

; Schilling. — ; ;
merman. In 1836 he settled at Lyons, TOBIE (Tobias), short oratorio by Gou-

lived there fourteen years as professor at nod, written about 1850. An edition was
the municipal college, and then returned published by Cramer & Co. (London, 18GG).
to Barcelona. Works Two masses for 4 : AthenfBum (18G6), 808. —
voices, chorus, and orchestra Stabat Mater, ; TOCHTER DER LUFT, DIE (The
for do.; Te Deum, for do.; 2 symphonies Daughter of the Air), fantasia, in the form
;
3 quartets for pianoforte and strings Trio of a concert overture, for orchestra, to Rau-
;
for do. Quartet for strings 2 duos for pach's mythical tragedy, by Spohr, op. 99,
; ;
pianoforte and violin Duo for pianoforte first given at Cassel in January, and in
;
and violoncello Pianoforte pieces, and Leipsic in April, 1837.

; It was afterwards
etudes. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 581. used by Spohr as the first movement in his
TISCHER, JOHANN NIKOLAUS, born Fifth Symphony in C minor, op. 102.
at Boehlen, Scliwarzburg, in 1707, died at TOD JESU, DER (The Death of Jesus),
Schmalkalden after 176G. Organist, pupil a Passions-Cantate, text by Ramler, music
;
TODT
by Karl Heinrich Graun, first given in the Fugato. The fourth variation, by Weitz-
Cathedral of Berlin, on the Wednesday be- mann of Berlin, was added by Liszt in 1880.
fore Easter, March 2G, 1755. It is per- The score, dedicated to Hans von Bidow, was
formed annually in Berlin, and holds the published by Siegel (Leipsic). Arranged
relative place there to Handel's Messiah in also for two pianofortes. — Pohl, Liszt, 401 ;
England. It was first sung in London at Neue Zeitschr. (1865), 353 ; Upton, Stan-
the concert of the Royal Academy, St. dard Symphonies, 291.
James's Hall, under Barnby's direction. TOESCHI, CARLO GIUSEPPE (real
There are three early editions of the com- name Toesca della Castella Munte), born in
plete score, dated 1710, 17G0, and Breit- a small town of the Romagna in 1724, died
kopf & Hiirtel's (Leiijsic, 1810). Of many in Munich, April 12, 1788. Instrumental
pianoforte editions, Johann Adam Hiller's composer, entered the service of the Elec-
(1783) is the first. — Bitter, Geschichte tor-Palatine at Mannheim, in 1756, as violin-
des Oratoriums, Der ist, was appointed music director in 1768,
181 ; Winterfeld,
evang. Kirchengesaug, Neue and went with the court to Munich in 1778.
iii. 229-240 ;
Zeitschr., x., i., 66, 71, 74, 79 Echo (1855- Works Ballets Don Quichote, oder die
; — :
56), 98
i. Allgem. mus. Zeitg., vii. 795
; Hochzeit des Gamacho Der englische ; ;
xiv. 779 xviii. 409

; Grove, iv. 131 Athe- Hutmacher
; Harlequin im Schutz der
; ;
naeum (1887), i. 489. Zauberei ; 6 symphonies for 8 instruments ;
TODT, JOHANN AUGUST WILHELM, 3 sextets for flute, oboe, bassoon, and
born at Diisterort, near Uckermiinde, Pom- strings ; 3 quintets for flute and strings ;
erania, July 29, 1833, still living, 1890. 21 quartets for do. 3 concertos for ; flute.
Virtuoso on the organ, pianist, and violin- Fetis Mendel Schilling. — ; ;
ist, pupil of Karl Loewe at Stettin, and of A. TOESCHI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, born
W. Bach, at the royal institute for church at Mannheim, about 1745, died in ^lunich,
music in Berlin, 1856-58. He became in May 1, 1800. Violinist, son of the preced-
1859 vocal instructor at the Gymnasium of ing, pupil of Stamitz, and in composition
Pyritz, in 1860 cantor at Kiistrin, and in of Cannabich, whoso place as Kapellmeister
1863 cantor and organist at Stettin. In he afterwards supplied occasionally, having
1864-66 he supplied Loewe's ofiice, and in joined the Electoral orchestra in 1760. In
1875 was appointed organist at St. Joanna's. Munich he succeeded his father as music
He is one of the most remarkable organists
director. His symphonies had gi*eat suc-
of the present time. Das Gediicht- cess in Paris, before the advent of Haydn.
Works :
nis3 der Entschlafenen, oratorio Sym- Works Three symphonies for strings, 2 ; :
phony Psalms Sonatas and sonatinas for oboes, and 2 horns do., with 2 bassoons
; ; ; ;
pianoforte Organ music Choruses, and 6 do. for 2 oboes, 2 horns, and 2 bas-
; ;
songs. — Mendel. soons ; G grand symphonies ; 10 quartets

TODTEN-TANZ (Dance of Death), para- for strings ; 6 trios for do. — Fc'tis ; Men-
phrase of "Dies Iroo," for pianoforte and del ; Schilling.
orchestra, by Franz Liszt. The subject is TOFANO, GUSTAVO, born in Naples,
taken from Hans Holbein's cartoons, " The Dec. 22, 1844, still living, 1890. Pianist,
Dance of Death," at Basel. The music is pupil of Castrucci at Pisa, of Domoiiioo

written as a set of variations on a cantus Caldi at Turin, of Stcfano Golinelli at
firmus of the 16th century, and the various Bologna, and of Giuseppe Lillo, Antonio
figures in Holbein's procession are treated Coop, and Luigi Siri at Naples, whore ho
in realistic tone-pictures. Thema, Andante studied also composition under Baron Giu-
I. Allegro moderate II. Moderate HI. soppo StaiYa.;
In 1872 ho succeeded GoU- ;
Molto vivace IV. Lento (cauonique) V. nelli as professor of pianoforte at the Liceo
; ;
48&
; ;
TOGGENBURG
Musicale of Bologna. Margberita Theatre, London, April 30, 1728.
Works : The
delle 1869 Choral autograph score, in Buckingham Palace,
Alpi, cantata, Naples, ;
Hymn, ib., 1871 Alpba e Omega, ballet is dated April 19, 1728. It was given only
;
(with others), ib., 1872 Amore e suo seven times, the Beggar's Opera at Lincoln's
;
tempo, opera, ib., 1875 Many compositions Inn Fields attracting many of the patrons
;
for pianoforte, and songs. —

Fetis, Supple- from the King's Theatre. This was the
ment, ii. 582. last opera that Handel wrote for the Royal
TOGGENBURG, cantata for soli, chorus, Academy of Music. Seleuce's celebrated
and pianoforte, text by Fanny von Hoflfnass, echo song, " Dite che fa," sung by Cuzzoni
music by Josef Rheinberger, op. 16. Pub- and repeated behind the scenes by Senesino,
lished by Priiger & Meier (Bremen, 1875). was received with enthusiasm, and imitated
— Signale (1875), 433 Mus. Wochenblatt
; in composition for many years. Characters
(1875), 424 ; Upton, Standard Cantatas, Tolomeo, King of Egypt (C),
represented :
306. Senesino; Science, his love (S.), Cuzzoni;

TOINON ET TOINETTE, comedie in Elisa, sister of Araspe (S.), Faustina Ales- ;
two acts, with ariettas, text by Desboul- sandro, brother of Tolomeo (A.), Baldi
miers, music by Gossec, first represented and Arasjê, King of Cyprus (B.), Boschi.
at the Italiens, Paris, June 20, 1767. The score, dedicated to the Earl of Albe-
TOLBECQUE, JEAN BAPTISTE marle, was published by Walsh (London,
JOSEPH, born at Hanzinne, Belgium, 1728) Htindelgesellschaft (Breitkopf &
;
April 17, 1797, died in Paris, Oct. 23, Hiirtel, Leipsic, 1878). Other Italian op-
1869. Violinist, pupil of Rodolphe Ivreut- eras on the same subject La pace fra To- :
zer, and in composition of Reicha, at the lommeo e Seleuco, by Pollarolo, text by

Conservatoire, Paris, where he entered the Marselli, Venice, 1691, and Ferrara, 1696 ;
orchestra of the Opera Italien in 1820. He Tolommeo ed Alessandro, by Scarlatti,

soon distinguished himself as a composer Rome, 1711 Tolommeo, re d' Egitto, by
;
and conductor of dance music, and in 1825 Porpora, three acts, about 1760 Tolommeo, ;
left the theatre to conduct the dances at pasticcio, by Ciampi, Loudon, 1762 and ;
the Tivoli and other public gardens. Until by Giuseppe Colla, Turin and Parma, 1780.
the appearance of Musard he was the most See Berenice. —
Chrysander, Handel, ii. 181 ;
popular composer and conductor of that Rockstro, Handel, 156 Burney, iv. 334 ; ;
class of music. He conducted also the Gervinus, Gesiiuge aus Hiindels Of)ern und
music at the court balls. Works Charles V. Oratorien, vii. 158.
:
et Duguesclin, opera-comique (with Gilbert TOMASCHEK (not Tomaczek), JO-

and Guiraud), Paris, Odeon, 1827 Vert- HANN WENZEL (properly Vaclav Jan
;
Vert, ballet (with Deldevez), Opera, 1851 Tom:i§ek), born at Skutsch, Bohemia, April
Many quadrilles, waltzes, and other dances 17, 1774, died in Prague, April 3, 1850.
for full orchestra. His brothers, Auguste The youngest of six sons in a family of
Joseph (1801-69), and Charles Joseph thirteen, he showed a precocious taste for
(1806-33), were also distinguished violin- music and his father losing hia fortune,
;
ists, pupils of Kreutzer. The latter be- his education was cared for by two of his
came in 1830 chef d'orchestre at the Theatre elder brothers. He was sent to study sing-
des Varietes, and composed music for some ing and the violin under Wolf in Chrudim,
plays given there, which met with great and later to the monastery school at Iglau,
favour. — Fetis ;do.. Supplement, ii. 583. where he continued his studies under the
TOLOMEO (Ptolemy), Italian opera in Minorite friar Donat. His voice changing
three acts, text by Nicol«'> Haym, music by in 1790, he left Iglau for the University of
Handel, first represented at the King's Prague, where he studied law and philos-
486
;;
TOMASINI
ophy and read the works of Kirnberger, (two for 2 voices, one for 4), 43 (two for 3
Marj)urg, Mattheson, Turk, and Vogler by voices, one for 5), 44, 45, 48, 50, G4, G7-G9,
himself, supporting himself meanwhile by 71 9 Books of poems by Goethe, op. 53-
;
giving lessons. His university course end- Gl ; G Books of Bohemian songs, op. 82.
ing in 1793, he gave himself up wholly to IV. For Orchestra : 3 symphonies : No. 1,
music ;he found a protector in Count in C, op. 17 No. ; 2, in E-tiat, op. 19 ; No.
Georg von Bucquoy, into whose house he 3, in D, op. 30. — Overture in E-flat, op. 38;
was taken as composer. He became in 2 concertos for pianoforte and orchestra :
time the most prominent music teacher in No. 1, in C, op. 18 No. 2, in ?, op. 20 ;
Prague, numbering Alexander Dreyschock, (MS.). V. For Pianoforte Variations, op. :
Sigismund Goldschmidt, Kittel, Kuhe, 1, 4, 5, 8 (MS.), IG; 7 sonatas: No. 1

Schulhoft^ Tedesco, Worzischek, Wiirffel, (Phantasie und pathetische Senate), op. 9 ;
and others among his pupils. After pass- No. 2, in B-flat, op. 10 No. 3, in E-flat, op. ;
ing two years at the house of his protector, 13 ; No. 4, in C, op. 14 No. 5, in G, op.
;
he married the sister of Egon Ebert, the 15 ; No. 6, in F, op. 21 ; No. 7, in A, op.
poet, and set up housekeeping, retaining, 2G. Grand rondeau in G, op. 11 42 ;
however, his salary fi'om Count von Buc- £glogues, in 7 books, op. 35, 39, 47, 51,
quoy. Tomaschek was one of the most G3, GG, 83 15 rhapsodies, in 3 books, op. ;
learned composers of his day, and a man of 40, 41, 110 G allegri capricciosi di bravura, ;
indubitably fine genius his works are almost in 2 books, op. 52, 84 3 ditirambi, op.
; ;
forgotten now, as is the case with those of G5 Phantasie for harmonica, op. 32. VL
;
most of Beethoven's contemporaries. He Chamber music Quartet for pianoforte

:
was a fine pianist and organist. "Works. I. and strings, in E-flat, op. 22 Trio for do., ;
Operas: Seraphine, oder Grossmuth und op, 7. Tomaschek left also considerable
Liebe, 2 acts, op. 36, Prague, Dec. 15, 1811 music without opus number, most of which
Alvaro (not given) Sakontala (unfinished). is still in MS. Dalibor, Casopis pro hudbu,
; —
n. Vocal with orchestra Cantata for the Prague, 18G3, Nos. 25-3G Dlabacz, Allg.
: ;
wedding of Emperor Franz I., of Austria, hist. Kiinstler-Lexikon fiir Buhmen, etc.
and the Archduchess Ludovica Beatrix, for (Prague, 1815), iii. 2G9 Slovnik naucny ;
S. T. B. and chorus, op. 23 (MS.) Heloise, (Prague, 1872), ix. 499; Wurzbach, xlvi.
;
cantata for soprano and chorus, op. 29 57 Grove Mendel Fotis.

; ; ; ;
Cantata for a single voice, op. 3 (MS.) TOMASINI, LUIGI, born at Pesaro in
Mass in E-flat, op. 4G Hymni in sacro pro 1741, died at Eszterhaz, Hungary, April
;
defunctis cantari soliti pleno concentu mu- 25, 1808. Violinist, Conzertmeister, and
sico, op. 70 Te Deum, hymnus divi Am- director of Prince Eszterhdzy's chamber
;
brosii pleno concentu mus., op. 79. IH. music, while Haydn was there as composer.
Vocal with pianoforte A. Longer Ballads Afterwards he went as Conzertmeister to
:
and Scenes Schiller's Hektor und Andro- Mecklenburg-Strelitz, where his wife, a
:
mache, for S. and B., op. 2-4 Schiller's dramatic singer, was engaged at the opera.
;
Leichenphantasie, for a single voice, op. 25 Works: Two concertos for violin and or-
;
Gellert's Busslied, for S., op. 27 ;

12 quartets for strings
Schiller's chestra Duos ; ;
An Laura, for do., op. 28 Schiller's Elegie concertants for

;
violins 24 divertissements ;
auf den Tod eines Jiinglings, for do., op. 31 for baryton, violin, and violoncello 12 ;
Der Taubstumme, Mariens variations for violin. Fctis Mendel Rie-

for do., op. 37 ;
— ; ;
Abschied von Frankreich, for a single voice, mann.

op. 49 ;Pichler's Die Entstehuug der Cis- TOÎBA DEGL' INHEI. Sec Lucia. AM
tercienserabtei Hohenfurth, for do., op. G2. TOMEONI, PELLEGKINO, bom at
B., Songs Over GO, op. 2,
: G, 33, 34, 42 Lucca in 1729, died (?). Church composer,
487
;
TOM JONES
was maestro di cappella successively of the comique in one act, text by Delrieu and
collegiate churches at San Michele, and Quetant, music by Nicolo Isouard, first
Camaiore, then at the cathedral of Pietra- represented in Malta, about 1797 at the ;
santa. In 1761 he was maestro al cembalo Thoiitre Feydeau, Paris, May 17, 1801.
at the theatre of Lucca, for which he com- TOPFER, JOHANN GOTTLOB, born at
posed several dramatic pieces. Works Niederrossla, Thuringia, Dec. 4, 1791, died
:
Five masses Ecce sacerdos Mag- at Weimar, June 8, 1870. Organ virtuoso
; Kyrie ; ;
nificat for two choirs Kecordare Domine and writer on organ construction, first
; ;
—
etc. Fc'tis, Supplement, ii. 583, instructed by the town cantor Schlomilch,
TOM JONES, comt'die in three acts, text then in Weimar pupil of Destouches, Rie-
by Poinsinet, music by Philidor, first rep- mann, and A. E. Miiller. In 1817 he was
resented at the Italiens, Paris, Feb. 27, appointed professor at the teachers' semi-
1765. The libretto is founded on Field- nary, and in 1830 organist of the Stadtku'che
ing's novel of the same title. — Clement et at Weimar. He made organ building his
Larousse, 663. and was famous as an expert
special study,
TO:\IiaNS, THOMAS, born at Glouces- reviser. Works Die Orgelweihe, cantata :
ter, England, latter part of 16th century, for chorus, soli, and organ Conzertstiick ;
died at Worcester in 1656. Organist, pu- for organ Sonatas for do. Fantasias, pre- ; ;
pil of Byrd, entered the Chapel Royal as a ludes, postludes, etc., for do. Trio for ;
singer in 1580, became organist there in j)ianoforte and strings Sonata for flute ;
1621, and later at the cathedral of Worces- and pianoforte Variations for do. Sonata ; ;
ter. Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1607. Works for pianoforte Choruses for male voices, : ;
Songs of 3, 4, 5 and 6 parts, containing etc. Allgemeines und voUstiindiges Choral- ;
twenty-eight madrigals and anthems (Lon- buch. Literary works Die Orgelbaukunst :
don, 1622) Musica Deo Sacra et Ecclesiê (\A'eimar, 1833) Die Orgel, Zweck und
;
;
Anglicanse (London, 1664). —

Grove Fetis. Beschaffenheit ihrer Theile (Erfurt, 1843)
;
TONASSI, PIETKO, born at Venice, Theoretisch - praktische Organisteuschulo

September, 1801, died there, Nov. 5, 1877. (ib., 1845) Lehrbuch der Orgelbaukunst ;
Violinist and violoncellist, pupil of his father (1856) etc. Fetis Mendel Riemann. ; — ; ;
and of Camera in 1828-32; was first violin TOR:fiADOR, EN GARDE! See Carmen.
and maestro concertatore at the Teatro TOREADOR ET ANDALOUSE, the
della Fenice, then first violoncello there, seventh number of the Bal costume, 4-hand
and at the same time for six years band- pieces for the pianoforte by Anton Rubin-
master of the imperial naxj. Li 1841 he stein, op. 103. Theme, a Spanish air of the
went to Milan as composer, editor, and 18th century.
corrector to Ricordi, the music publisher, TORELLI, GIUSEPPE, born at Verona,
and about four years later returned to Italy, in the 17th centurj', died at Ansbach
Venice. Works Una costanza rara, op- in 1708. Virtuoso on the violin, origina-
:
era ; Christmas, The Passion, The Resur- tor of the concei'to grosso was at first ;
rection, and the Sacred Hymns by Manzoni, connected with the church of S. Petronio,
for 4 voices, with orchestra II cinque Bologna, in 1685, and
;
became in 1703
maggio, for baritone and chorus, with or- Conzertmeister to the Margrave of Bran-
chestra ; Requiem for 3 voices and orches- denburg at Ansbach. Member of the Acca-
tra Mass for 4 voices and orchestra
; Grand demia Filarmonica, Bologna. Works Bal-
;
:
symphony 7 grand overtures Fantaisies, letti da camera a tre Concerto da camera

; ; ;
pot-pourris Ariette da camera, etc.

; —
Fe- a due violini e basso (Bologna, 1686) Sin- ;
tis, Supplement, ii. 583. fonie a 2, 3, 4 istromenti (ib., 1687) Con- ;
TONNEUER, LE (The Cooper), opera- certino per camera a violino e violoncello ;
488
;
TORQUATO
Sei sinfonie a tre e sei concerti a quattro TORRI, PIETRO, born (?), died in Mu-
(ib.,1692) Concerti musicali a quattro
; nich, July 6, 1737. Dramatic composer,
Capricci musicali per camera, etc. (Amster- chamber organist to the Elector at Munich,
dam) Concerti grossi con una pastorale as early as 1689 followed the Elector Maxi-
;
;
per il Santissimo Natale (Bologna, 1709). mihan to Brussels in 1694, returned in

— Fetis ; Mendel ; Kiemann. 1701, accompanied him to Brussels again
TOKQUATO TASSO, Italian opera in in 1704, returned to Munich in 1714, and
four acts, text by Ferretti, music by Doni- was appointed Hof-Kapellmeister in 1732.
zetti, first represented in Rome, in 1833. Works L' ambizione f ulminata, opera bufih, :
Ronconi, Poggi, and Mile Elisa Orlandi Munich, 1691 preghi della primavera,
; I
sang in the original cast. The opera was do., ib., 1691 Merope, ib., 1719
; Ade- ;
given in Vienna in 1837, in Berlin in laide, Pariati, ib., 1722 Lucio Vero, ib., ;
1841, and in New York in 1853. It was 1723 ; Amadis, ib., 1724 Venzeslao, ib., ;
revived in Turin in May, 1869. 1725 ; Epaminonda, ib., 1727 Nicomede, ;
TORRAMORELL, MGUEL BUENA- 1728 Edippo, ib., ib., ; 1729 Ippolito, ib., ;
VENTURA FRANCISCO, born at Gerona, 1731; Griselda, ib., 1735; Catone, ib.,
Spain, Feb. 16, 1786 died in Paris, Dec. 1736.— Mendel, Ergiinz., 464.
;
24, 1871. Military band-master, succes- TORRIANI, EUGENIO, born in Milan (?)
sively in France, Holland, and Belgium he in 1825, died there, February, 1872.
; He
became in 1821 chef d'orchestre of the So- was one of the promoters of choral singiu'^
ciete de THarmouie at Antwerp, and after in his native country, published a didactic
1836 settled in Paris. Order of Leopold. work and solfeggi for the use in the public
Works: Le f utur de province, opera-comique, schools of Milan, where also the two fol-
Antwerp, 1825 Le mari de circonstance, lowing operas were given Carlo Magno, La
; :
Brussels, 1836. He published (with Felix Scala, 1852 Anna Campbell, Teatro Canob- ;
Clement) a Methode de musique vocale biana, 1854. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 584. —
graduee, etc. (Paris). Fetis, Suj^ploment, — TOSI, GIUSEPPE FELICE, born at
ii. 584 Bologna about 1630, died at Ferrara (?)
TORRANCE, Rev. GEORGE WILL- after 1683. Dramatic composer, at first
IAM, born at Rathmines, near Dublin, organist in his native city at San Potrouio,
Ireland, in 1835, still Hving, 1890. Or- then maestro di cappella at San Giovanni
ganist, educated as a chorister in Christ in Monte, and afterwards at the cathedral of
Church Cathedral was organist successive- Ferrara. Works
; Operas Atide (with — :
ly of Blackrock, Dublin, and of the city others), Bologna, 1679 Erismonda, ib., ;
churches of St. Andrew and St. Anne, and 1681 Giunio Bruto, ib., 1686 Trajano,
; ;
studied at the Conservatorium of Leipsic in Venice, 1684 Orazio, ib., 1688 Amulio e ; ;
1856. He entered the University of Dub- Numitore, ib., 1689 Pirro e Demetrio, ib., ;
lin in 1859, took the degree of M.A. in 1690 L' incoronazione di Serse, Alboino
;
1867, and was ordained deacon in 1865 and in Italia, ib., 1691 Eta del oro, ballet, ;
priest in 1866. In 1869 he emigrated to Parma, 1690. Salmi concertati a tro o

Melbourne, where he occupies a very hon- quattro voci con violini c ripieni (Bologna,
ored position. Mus. Bac. and ]\Ius. Doc, 1683) Cantate da camera a voce sola, col ;
Dublin, 1879 honorary Mus. Doc. ad eun- basso continue (ib., 1686).
;
His son Pier
dem, Melbourne University. Works Ora- — Francesco (born at Bologna, 1647, died in
torios Abraham, Dublin, 1855 The Cap-
: ; London, 1727), was a famous soprano
tivity, ib., 1864; The Revelation, Mel- singer and teacher. His ronownctl work
bourne, 1882 William of Normandy, opera
;
" Opiuioni de' cantori antichi e modcrui,"
;
Te Deum, and Jubilate etc. Grove. ; — etc. (Bologna, 1723), was translated into
48U
;;
TOSTI
English by GalHard (London, 1742), and linist and vocal composer, pupil of his father
into German by Agricola (Berlin, 1757). Barthelemy Tours (organist and violinist,
— Fetis Mendel.
;
1797-18G4), and of Verhulst and PaHng
TOSTI, FKANCESCO PAOLO, born at then studied in 185G-58 at the conservato-
Ortona di and Leipsic. Engaged as one
Mare, in ries of Brussels
'^ the Abruzzi, April 7, went
of Prince Galitziu's quartet in 1858, he
1827, still living, in to St. Petersburg, then lived at Moscow,
London, 1890. Vocal Katzlow, etc. In 1861 he settled in Lon-
composer, pupil at the don, Avhere ho became first violin at the
Couscrvatorio Keale, Covent Garden Theatre, and in 1878 musi-
Nai)les, where he was cal editor to Novello, Ewer & Co. Works :
soon appointed maes- Church Service in F Anthems Magnifi- ; ;
trino (pupil teacher), cat, and Nunc dimittis, with orchestra

but resigned in 18G9, Songs. Gregoir, Biog., 17-1. —
on account of jôor health, and went to TOUT CE QU'IL VOUS PLAIRA. See
Eome, where Sgambati befriended him Ami de la maison.
and enabled him to appear as a singer TOY SYMPHONY. See Kiiider-Sym-
in concerts. He then became vocal in- phonie.
structor at court, went in 1875 to London, TOZZI, ANTONIO, born at Bologna, in
and in 1880 Avas appointed instructor to the 173G, died there,
royal family. Works The Gi'andduke, : after 1812. Dra-
comic opera, London, 1888 La prima- ; matic composer, pu-
donna, ib., 1889 Italian and English songs
; pil of Padre Martini
and duets, several of which have become entered the service
widely popular. of the Duke of Bruns-
TOTAL ECLIPSE, tenor aria of Samson, wick in 17G5, went
in G major, with accompaniment of two to Munich in 1785,
violins and bass, in Handel's >S'am.so», Act I., then to Spain, and in
Scene 2. or after 1792 re-
TOTTMANN, ALBERT KAEL, born at turned to Bologna.
Zittau, Saxony, July 31, 1837, still living, Member of the Accademia Filarmonica,
1890. Violinist and writer on music, pupil 17G1, jDrincipe in 17G9. Works Operas — :
of Seelemann, Dotzauer, and Reissiger, in Tigranc, Italy, 1762 L' innocenza vendi- ;
Dresden, and at the Leipsic Conservato- cata, ib., 1763 L' Andromacca, Brunswick, ;
rium; he entered the Gewandhaus orches- 1765 Rinaldo, ib., 1775 La serva astuta, ; ;
tra, was music director at the old thea- Munich, 1785 La caccia d' Enrico IV., Bar- ;
tre in 18G8-70, and afterwards conducted celona, 1788 Orfeo, ib., 1789 Zemira ed ; ;
several singing societies. Works Dorn- Azor, ib., 1792 Santa Elena al Calvario,
: ;
roschen, melodrama Hymns Sacred and oratorio, Madrid, 1790.

; ; Futis. —
secular choruses ; Pianoforte pieces, etc. ;
TRAETTA, TOMMASO (MICHELE
Hymns, male choi-us and brass instru-
for FRANCESCO SA VERIO), born at Bitonto,
ments Ostern, for mixed chorus with piano-
; Kingdom of Naples, May 19, 1727, died in
forte; Christnacht, do. Die stille Wasser- ; Venice, April 6, 1779. Dramatic composer,
rose, do. Other choruses for mixed, and
; pupil of Durante at the Conservatorio di
male voices Songs and pianoforte pieces.
; Loreto in 1738-48. He devoted himself to
— Mendel Riemann. ; teaching, and wrote masses, vespers, etc.,
TOURS, BERTHOLD, born at Rotter- for the churches and convents of Najiles
dam, Dec. 17, 1838, still living, 1890. Vio- until 1750, when his first opera obtained a
490
;
TRAGISCIIE
brilliant success, and procuretl liim orders 1776 ; Merope, Milan, 1776 ; La disfatta di
for new works from the principal theatres Dario, Venice, 1778 ; R cavaliere en-ante, ib.,
of Italy. In 1758 he 1778 ; ^Vi'teuice, ib., 1778 ; Gli eroi dei Cam-
became maestro di cappi Elisi (finished by Geunaro Astaritta), ib.,
pella to the Duke of 1779 ; Salomone, oratorio, ib., Conservatorio
Parma, and vocal in- deir Ospedaletto, 1768 ; Stabat Mater, 4 voc.
structor to the prin- and instruments La Passione ; ; Masses, mo-
cesses, and in 17 6 5 30 arias for soprano with
tets, vesi:)ers, etc.;
director of the Ospeda- accompaniment 7 duets Le quattro sta-

; ;
letto, Venice, whence gioni e i dodici mesi dell' anno, divertimento

he was called in 17G8 to for 4 orchestras, St. Petersburg, about 1770.
St.Petersburg, to suc- — Capruzzi, Traetta e la musica (Naples,
ceed Galuppi as court 1878) ; Grove ; Fetis ; Mendel ; Riemann ;
composer to Catharine Schilling.

n. In 1776 he went to London, but, meeting TRAGISCHE (Tragic OUVERTURE
with a cool reception and impaired in health Overtui-e), for orchestra, in- D minor, by
by the Russian climate, he returned to Italy Johannes Brahms, op. 81, first performed by
in the same year. Gifted with dramatic the Philharmonic Society, Vienna, in 1880.
genius, he excelled in energetic and truth- Given in Leipsic at the Gewandhaus in
ful expression of sentiment and vigorous January, 1881, and at the Crystal Palace,
harmony. Works Farnace, : Naples, 1751 ; I London, April 30, 1881.
pastori felici, ib., 1753 ; Ezio, Rome, 1751 TRAGISCHE SYMPHONIE (Tragic
Le nozze contrastate,1751 L' incredulo,
ib., ; Symphony), for orchestra, in C minor, writ-
Naples, 1755 La fante furba, ib., 1756 Bu-
; ; ten by Schubert in 1816. The reason of the
ovo d' Antona, Florence, 1756 Nitteti, Reg- ; title is unknown, for the work is more pa-
gio, 1757 Didone abbandonata, Venice,

; thetic than tragic. This, Schubert's fourth
1757; OUmpiade, Verona, 1758, and St. Pe- symphony, was composed in his twentieth
tersburg, 1770 Solimano, Parma, 1759 Ip-
; ; year, one of great activity in composition.
polito e Aricia, ib., 1759 Ifigenia in Aulide, ; It is thought to have been written for the
Vienna, 1759 Armida, ib., 1760 Stordilano,
; ; orchestra at the Gundelhof, but the first
principe di Granata, Parma, 1760 Sofonis- ; recorded performance was at the Crystal
ba, ib., 1760 Enea nel Lazio, Turin, 1760
; ;
Palace, London, Feb. 29, 1868. It is some-
I Tiudaridi, Parma, 1760 Enea e Laviuia, ; times entitled " without trumpets or
ib., 1761 Le feste d' Imeneo, prologue and

; drums." The symphony remained for-
trilogy (n trionfo d' amore Triole Saffo ; ; ;

gotten for many years in Dr. Schneider's
Egle) for the wedding of Archduke Joseph possession in Vienna. The first two move-
of Austria and the Infanta Dona Isabel de ments were tried at a concert in Vienna in
Borbone, ib., September, 1761 Anligono, ; 1860, but without success. I. Adagio
Padua, 1764, and St. Petersburg, 1772 La ; molto n. Allegro vivace 111. Andante
; ; ;
Francese a Malgher, Venice, 1764 La buo- ; IV. Menuetto Allegro vivace V. Allegro
: ;
na figliuola maritata, Parma, 1765 Seinira- ; assai. The third movement, Andante, has
viide riconosciuta, Venice, 1765 Le serve ; been published in full score by Peters
rivali, ib., 1766 Amor in trappola, ib., 1768
;
(Leipsic) the entire symphony only in an ;
;
II tributo campestre, componimento pasto- arrangement for the pianoforte for four
rale, in honour of Maria Carolina of Austria, hands, by H. Ulrich (Peters, Leipsic).
Mantua, 1768 Ifigenia in Tauride, Milan,
;
TKAUEK-ODE (Funeral Ode), text by
1768 L* isola disabitata, Bologna, 1768, and Gottschod, senior of the Deutsche Gesell-
;
St. Petersburg, 1769 Geruiondo, London, schaft, music by Johaun Sebastian Bach,
;
491
TRAUER-SINFOXIE
written for the funeral services of Chris- overture was played by the New York Phil-
tiana Eberhardiue, Electress of Saxony. harmonic in the season of 1862-63. Score
She was of the family of the Margraves of published by Breitkojjf & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and was married 1848).— Allgem. mus. Zeitg., 1. 105, 221 ;
to Friedrich August in 1693. When he Neue Zeitschr., xxii. 129, 137 xxvii. 2, 13, ;
ascended the throne of Poland in 1697, and 25.

embraced the Roman Catholic faith, she TRAUUNGS-CANTATEN (Betrothal
separated from him and remained a zealous Cantatas), five cantatas by Johann Sebas-
Lutheran. The peoi^le of Saxony held her tian Bach. I. Dem Gerechten muss das
and deeply mourned her sudden Licht (Light is sown for the righteous), for
in affection
death in 1726. A grand public funeral soprano, alto, tenor, and bass, two oboes,
took place in Leipsic, October 17, 1726. three trombones, flutes, drums, two violins,
For the services, which were conducted in viola, and continuo. It is a very brilliant
the University, Bach wrote this cantata, work, containing broad fugues and grace-
dated Oct. 16, 1726. It is divided into ful arias in the Italian form. It is probably
two parts, the first of which was sung a revision of a cantata written during Bach's
before, and the second after the funeral earliest Leipsic period. The original score,
oration, delivered by Hans Carl von Kirch- formerly in Philipp Emanuel Bach's collec-
bach. The choruses, arias, and recitatives tion, was published by the Bachgesellschaft
are in the Italian style. A prominent part (Year XHI.). H. Der Hei-r denkt an uns
is given to the clavicembalo, which was (The Lord is mindful of us), for soprano,
played on the occasion by Bach himself. alto, tenoi*, and bass, two violins, viola, vio-
The organ was used in the choruses. This loncello, bass, and continuo, written in 1708
isone of Bach's finest cantatas. The printed for the marriage of Stauber of Weimar with
matter relating to the funeral, with the text Regina Wedemann, the aunt of Bach's wife.
of the ode, is in the Royal Public Library, It contains a symphony, an air, a tenor and
Dresden. An account of the ceremony, en- bass duet, "Der Herr segne euch," which is
titled "Das thriinende Leipzig" (1727), was one of Bach's most elevated and religious
written by Sicul. The cantata was pub- thoughts, and two fugued choruses. The
lished by the Bachgesellschaft (Year XIII.), original score is in the Amalien-Bibliothek,
Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1863). In and a copy in the Kouigliche Bibliothek,
1727 Bach wrote a second Trauer-Ode in Berlin. Published by the Bachesellschaft
honour Leopold of Anhalt-Cuthen. (Year XTTT.). HI. Gott ist uns're Zuversicht
of Prince
— Spitta, Bach, 41^49 do. (Bell), ii. (God is our reliance), for soprano, alto, tenor,
ii. ;
613-18. and bass, three trombones, tamburri (?), two

THALTi:R-SINFONIE (Funeral Sym- oboes, bassoon concertante, two violins,
phony), by Haydn, written in 1772. L Al- viola, and continuo, written for a marriage
legro con brio IL Adagio HI. Andante
; ; in 1737. The alto aria is a beautiful melody,
;
rV. Finale, Presto. Mendelssohn wrote a composed in a style used only by Bach in
Trauermarsch for wind insti'uments, op. the wedding cantatas. The principal num-
103, for the funeral of Norbert Burgmiiller. bers of the second part are taken from the
— Pohl, Haydn, i. 306. Christmas cantata, "Ehre sei Gott in der
TRAUM IN DER CHRISTNACHT, EIN Huhe," Bachgesellschaft (Year XIH.). IV.
(A Dream on Christmas Eve), German opera ewiges Feuer, o Ursprung der Liebe
in four acts, text by Karl Gollmick from (O everlasting Fire, O Source of Love),
Raupach's drama, " Der Miiller und sein written for a Whitsuntide cantata about
Kind," music by Ferdinand Hiller, first rep- 1740-41. It is one of the most beautiful
resented in Dresden, April 9, 1845. The works of its class, and is a model for its
493
:
TRAVERS
lovely melodies and structure. The origi- to recover Violetta's property ; his father's
nal score is in the Araalien-Bibliothek. visit to Violetta to request her to save his
Bachgesellschaft (Year VH., No. 34). V. son from disgi-ace, and Violetta's return to
Herr Gott, Beberrscher aller Diuge (Lord her old life in Paris. The third act is de-
God, Eulerof all things), composed in 1733. voted to a ball, given by Flora Belvoix,
It contains eight numbers, several of which where Alfredo again meets Violetta, and
are taken from the Rathswahl Cantate, reproaches and insults her. She goes home
"Gott, man lobet dich in der Stille." Bach- to die, and Alfredo, learning of her sacrifice
gesellschaft (Year XIIL, page xiv). Bach for him, hastens to her, and she dies forgiv-
wrote also three betrothal chorals I. Was ing and blessing her lover. The favourite
:
Gott thut, das wohlgethan

ist IE. Sei airs include Violetta's drinking song, " Libi-
; :
Lob und Ehr' dem hOchsten Gut III. amo, libiamo," in the first act Alfredo's
; ;
Nun danket alle Gott. These are scored

for four voices, two violins, two oboes,
viola, two horns, organ, and continuo. The
MSS. are in the Konigliche Bibliothek,
Berlin. Bachgesellschaft (Year XTTI.).
—Spitta, Bach, i. 3G9 ; ii. 298, 557, 558,
787, 788, 800 ; do. (Bell), 370-73 ii.
i. ;
688-90, 706; iii. 77, 78; Allgem. mus.

Zeitg. (1865), 863.
TRAVERS, JOHN, English composer,
born about 1703, died in 1758. Ox-ganist,
pupil of Maurice Greene and Pepusch,
chorister in St. George's chajêl, organist of
St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in 1725, after-
wards at Fulham, and in 1737 of the Chapel

Royal. Works The whole Book of Psalms
:
for 1-5 voices (London, 1746) 18 canzo- ;
nets for 2 and 3 voices Anthems. Grove.; —

TRAVIATA, LA (The Misguided One),
Italian opera in three acts, text by Piave, * > ^ /
music by Verdi, first represented at the
Maria Piccolomini,
Teatro Fenice, Venice, March 6, 1853. Ac-
;
cording to the score, owned by Ricordi, aria, "De'miei " the duet, "Dite
bollenti
Verdi composed this opera in one month. alia sung by Germont and Vio-
giovine,"
The libretto is founded upon Dumas's letta the andante " Di Provenza il mar," a
;
" Dame aux Camelias." The period of ac- simple and beautiful melody, sung by Ger-
tion is changed from modern French life mont to his son Violetta's aria, "Addio
;
!
to the time of Louis XIV., and the original del passato " and her duet with Alfredo,
;
characters of Marguerite Gauthier and " Parigi, o cara." Original cast

Olympic become Violetta Valery and Flora Mme DonateUi.
Violetta (S.) ,
Belvoix. The first act opens with a supper M. Graziani.
Alfredo (T.)
in Violetta's house, where she becomes ac-
Germont (B.) ^1- Varesi.
quainted with Alfredo, and abandons her
life for him. The second shows their Owing to its imperfect first representa-
country home, near Paris, where they are tion, La traviata was a faihire, and when
living in seclusion ; Alfredo's return to Paris the robust Mme Donatelli announced that
493
; ;
TREMATE
she had but a few days to live, the audi- where he wrote an opera for Drury Lane,
ence burst into laughter. Time has proved he became in 1806 maestro di cappella of
it one of Verdi's best and most dra- the Italian opera at Amsterdam, and a few
matic works, and it is a favourite among years later at Lisbon, whence he returned
operas. It was first given in London at to Italy in 1818, but where he once more
Covent Garden, when IMlle Piccolomini conducted the opera in 1821-23. Works
made her debut in England, May 24, 185G, — Operas Teresa vedova, Venice, 1791
:
and first in English at the Surrey Theatre, Le cognate in contesa, Padua, 1791 An- ;
London, June 8, 1857. It was first heard in dromeda, Rome, 1792 L' asino di Trento, ;
Paris at the Theatre Italien, with Piccolo- opera buffa, ib., 1793 L' astuzie di ;
mini as Yioletta, Dec. G, 1856 and Chris- ; Fichetto, about 1794 I vecchi delusi, ;
tine Nilsson chose it for her debut at the Florence, 1795 II cuch scopre tutto, 1796
; ;
Theatre Lyrique, Oct. 27, 18G4. It was La fedelta nelle selve, Naples, 1796 ;
first given in New York, Dec. 3, 1856, with Robinsone secondo, Turin, 1798 Lucrezia ;
Brignoli and Mme Lagi'ange. The part of Romana, ib., 1799 Ifigenia in Aulide, Na-
;
Yioletta has been a favorite with prime ples, 1804 Andromeda, ib., 1805 La ba-
; ;
donne. It is one of Adelina Patti's best ronessa immaginaria, opera buffii, Florence,
characters, and Mme Bosio and Christine 1804 La foresta di Nicolor La donna
; ;
Nilsson also have achieved success in it. giudice, ojêra buffa, Amsterdam, 1806 ;
Score published by Ricordi (Milan). Cle- — Tutto per ingauno, do., Lisbon, 1815 ;
ment et Larousse, 6G7 Hanslick, Mo- ; L' equivoco di due anelli, I fratelli Macca-
derne Oper, 233 Edwards, Lyrical Dra-
; bei, Rome, 1818 Quanti casi in un sol
;
ma, i. 302 Revue et Gaz. mus, de Paris

; giorno, ossia gli assassini, opera buffa, Ven-
(185G), 297 Grove, iv. 249
; Athenaeum ; ice, 1819 II principe della nuova China, ib.,
;
(185G), 5G1, G89 (1857), GG9 ;

Upton, ; 1819 La clemenza d' Eutraguez, ib., 1819
; ;
Standard Operas, 225 Pougin, Verdi (Mat- ; Le nuove Amazzoni, Rome, 1821 Giulio ;
thew), 148. Sabino in Laugres, Bologna, 1824 Le ;
TREMATE, EMPJ, TREMATE, Italian gelosie villane, ib., 1826. Ballets Mastino :
terzet for soprano, tenor, and bass with della Scala, Venice, 1783 La virtii ricono- ;
orchestra, by Beethoven, op. 116, first per- sciuta, Verona, 1785 Enrichetta e Valcour,
;
formed at the Redoutensaal, Vienna, by Si- Venice, 1788 II seraglio, ossia d'equivoco
;
boni, "Weinmiiller, and Frau Milder-Haupt- in equivoco, ib., 1788 La forza dell' amore, ;
mann, Feb. 27, 1814. The first sketches ib., 1789, and in English, as the Triumph of
date from 1801-'2 the date of completion
; Love, London, 1797 Demofoonte, Padua, ;
is unknown. Allegro, in B-flat Adagio, in ; 1791 II fiammingo, ib., 1791 La scoperta

; ;
E-flat and Allegro molto, in B-flat.

; Score della Florida, Venice, 1792.— Fetis ; Men-
published by Steiner & Co. (Vienna, 1826) del ; Riemann.
by Haslinger (ib.) and by Breitkopf &
;
TREU (called in Italian, Fedele), DA-
Hiirtel, Beethoven Werko, Serie xxii., No. NIEL GOTTLIEB,
born in Stuttgart in
211. —
Thayer, Verzeichniss, No. 87 Lenz, 1695, died (?). Violinist and dramatic com-
;
Beethoven, ii. Period iii. 126 Nohl, do., ii. poser, pupil of Cousserat in Stuttgart, and
;
422 iii. 505 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xvi. 201

; ; of Vivaldi in Venice, Avhithcr he was sent by
;
xxviii. 494. the Duke of Wiirtemberg. In 1725-27 he

TRENTO, VITTORIO, born in Venice in conducted Italian opera at Breslau, then was
1761 (1765?), died after 1826. Dramatic Kapellmeister in Prague and, in 1740, in
composer, pupil of Bertoni, was at first ac- the service of Count Schaffgotsch, at Hirsch-
companist at the Teatro San Samuele, then berg, Silesia. He wrote, for various thea-
at the Fenice. After a visit to London, tres in Venice, twelve operas, and at Breslau
494
TKIAL
he gave the following : Astarte ; Coriolano ;
cessful, greatly owing to the part of the
XJlisse e Telemacco Don Chisciotto. He
; judge, which was taken by the composer's
left in MS. two ti'eatises on music in Latin. brother, Frederick Sullivan. The score was
— Futis Mendel.
; published by Chappell k, Co. (Loudon,
TREULICH GEFUHIIT. See Lohen- 1875).
grin. TRIBUT DE ZAMORA, LE (The Trib-
TRIAL, ARMAND EM^LINUEL, Lorn ute of Zamora), French opera in four
in Paris, March 1, 1771, died there, Sept. acts, text by d'Ennery and Bresil, mu-
9, 1803. Dramatic composer, nephew of sic by Gounod, first rei^resented at the
the following, and son of Antoine Trial Opera, Paris, April 1, 1881. This is the
(173G-95) and Marie Jeanne Milon-Trial composer's twelfth The first act
opera.
(1746-1818), dramatic singers. In 1797 he shows a square in Oviedo. Manocl Diaz is
became accompagnateur and repetiteur at about to marry Xaima, when a troup of
the Theatre Lyrique, married an actress, Arabs, led by Ben-Said, enter to demand
who left him owing to bad treatment, and for the Caliph of Cordova twenty young
later on gave himself up to a dissolute life. maidens as the tribute of Zamora, and
Works Julien et Colette, ou la milice,
: Xaima with others is taken into captinty.
Paris, Adelaide et Mirval, ib., 1791
1788 ;
;
The second act is in Cordova, where the
Les deux ib., 1792
petits aveugles, Cecile Ai'abs are celebrating the anniversary of
;
et Julien, ou le siege de Lille, ib., 1793 the battle of Zamora. ManoC-l, disguised
;
Les causes et les effets, ib., 1794. Fetis. —

as a soldier, has followed Xaima, and is
TRIAL, JEAN CLAUDE, born at Avi- recognized by Ben-Said's brother, Hadjar,
gnon, Dec. 13, 1732, died in Paris, June whose life he had saved at Zamora. Learn-
23, 1771. Dramatic composer, pupil at ing of Manoel's love for Xaima, Hadjar
the maitrise of the cathedral in his native promises to ransom her, but at the sale
city, then studied the violin and entered of the captives Ben-Said, also in love with
the orchestra at Avignon, whence he went Xaima, bids above the rest. The third
to Montpellier and became a pujîl of act represents Ben-Said's palace. He tries
Garnier. The desire to make the ac- in vain to win Xaima's love. Hadjar en-
quaintance of Rameau led him to Paris, ters with Don Manoi-l, and begs for the
where he found an engagement as first release of Xaima, but is refused. Don
violin at the Opera Comique, and entered Manoel's insult Ben-Said condemns
to
the service of Prince de Conti as second him to death, but, ou Xaima's plea, Ben-
violin, and later as chef d'orchestre. In Said spares his life on condition that he
17G7 he was appointed director of the Ope- will leave the country. A scene between
ra, conjointly with Berton. Works : Syl- Hermosa, a Spanish prisoner, supposed
via (with Berton),1765 Paris,
lilsope a ; to be mad, and Xaima, reveals their re-
Cythere, ib., 1766 Thuouis (with Berton
; lation as mother and daughter. The last
and Garnier), ib., 1767 La fete de Flore, ; act is placed in the gardens of Ben-Said's
ib., 1771. Cantatas Overtures Motets
; ; ;
palace. Manoel has leaped the walls to
Violin music. — Fetis. see Xaima for the last time. They resolve
TRIAL BY JURY, an extravaganza, text to die together, but Hermosa appears, ami
by Gilbert, music by Sullivan, first repre- wrests the dagger from them. Ben-Said
sented at the Royalty Theatre, London, surprises the lovers, and Manoil isordered
March 25, 1875. The comedy satirizes the back to Orviedo. He is led away, and the
English courts, and the trial is for breach of Ai'ab endeavours to win Xaima. Hermosa
promise of marriage. Both words and mu- begs that she may have her cliild restored
sic are droll, and the work was very suc- to her, but Ben-Said treats her as a uiad-
4%
: ;
TRIEBENSEE
woman, and in fury she plunges the dagger TRIOiMPHE D'ALCIDE, LE. See Al-
into bis breast. Had jar, acquitting her as ceste.
insane, saves her life. Mile Krauss's im- TIIIOjMPHE DE L'AMOUR, le (The
personation of the tragic mother Hermosa Triumph of Love), ballet-royal in twenty
is one of her finest. Original cast Her- entrees, text by Quinault and Benserade,
:
mosa, Mile Krauss Xaima, Mile Daram

;
music by Lully, first represented at Saint-
;
Ben-Said, ]M. Lassalle Manoi-l, M. Sellier, Germain-en-Laye, before the king, Jan. 21,
;
and Hadjar, M. Melchissedek. The opera 1681, and at the Acadt'mie Royale de Mu-
was given in Vienna, Jan. 30, 1883. The sique, Paris, May 6, 1681. The lords and
ballet music was played at the Crystal ladies of the court took part in this ballet
Palace, London, Oct. 15, 1881. —
Le Menes- at its first performance, which W'as elaboi-ate
trel (1881-82), 139, 147 Athenûm (1881), and brilliant.
;
In this women aj)peared for
i. 5G8 Signale (1881), 497
; (1883), 165. ;
TKIEBENSEE, JOSEPH, born in Vien-

na about 17G0, died (?). Virtuoso on the
oboe, pupil of his father, and in counter-
point of Albi'echtsberger. In 1796 he be-
came Kapellmeister to Prince Liechtenstein,
whom he accompanied on his travels, when
not living at the castle of Feldsberg. In
1811 he was Kapellmeister of the theatre at
Brunn, and in 1829-30 in Prague. Works
Der rothe Geist im Donnergebirge, oper-
etta (with Seyfried), Vienna, 1799 Concer- ;
to for oboe ; Grand quintet for pianoforte

and wind instruments ; 2 quintets for pi-
anoforte, oboe, and strings ; 3 quartets for
oboe and strings; 6 variations for piano-
forte, oboe, and guitar Sonata for piano- ;
forte and oboe, or violin etc. D'Elvert, ; —

Gesch. der Mus. in Miihren, etc. (Briinn,
1873), 203 Fetis Wurzbach.
; ;
TRILLO DEL DIAVOLO, IL (The Costume of Indienne in Le Triomphe de I'amour.

Devil's Sonata), sonata for the violin in G
minor, with bass accompaniment, by Giu- the first time on the stage of the Academie
seppe Tartini. It was written after a dream Royale de Musique. Characters represent-
in which Tartini thought he had made a ed Prologue, Venus. I. Les Graces and :
compact with the devil for his soul, and the Dryades H. Nayades IH. Plaisirs and ; ;
devil at his command

played a great sonata Plaisirs chautants IV. Mars and Guerriers ;
upon Tartini's violin, which the composer V. Amours, Amphitrite, and Neptune VI. ;
tried to recollect. Tartini considered it his Dieux marins (Gods of the sea), and Ne-
best composition, but not equal to the one reides VII. Borce and suite de Boroe VHI. ; ;
imagined in his dream. I. Larghetto affet- Orithye and Atheniennes IX. Nymphes de ;
tuoso ; n. Allegro ; IH. Finale : Andante Diane ; X. Endymion, La Nuit, and Le Si-
and Allegro. The famous trill with deits lence ; XI. Les Songes ; XII. Peuples
syncopated second part, occurs in the last Carie, and un Carien chantant XIH. Ari- ;
—
movement. Grove, iv. 62, 170 Wasielew- ane, Bacchus, un Indien chantant, and In-
;
ski, Die Violine und ihre Meister. diennes chantantes ; XIV. ludiens suivants
496
. ; :;
TEIOXFO
de Bacchus and Filles grecques suivantes was obliged to substitute a sinfonia in the
d'Ariane XV. Mercm-e chantant, and Apol-
; Italian style.This work was given at Co-
lon ; XVI. Bergers suivants d'Apollon ; vent Garden, London, in 1737. Sixty-four
XVn. Pan XVIII. Faunes suivants de
; pages of the original score are in "Songs
Pan XIX. Zephyre, Zuj)byres, Flore,
; and Sketches " (Vol. L) ; the conductiug
Nj'mphes de Flore, and Nymplie de Flore score, in the British Museum, contains au-
chantante ; XX. La Jeunesse, Jeux, and tograph numbers by Handel, supposed to
Divinitc'S assemblees dans le ciel. The have been composed for the revival of 1737.
ballet was intended to be danced at Ver- See the Triumph of Time and Truth.
sailles on Saint Hubert's day, but the ill- TRIONFO DI CA:MILLA See Camilla.
ness of the dauphin prevented. At the TRIONFO Dl CA:\IILL0. See Camillas.
end of the printed score the authors ad- TRIONFO Dl CLELIA, IL (The Triumph
dressed verses to the persons of noble of Clelia), Italian opera in three acts, text
birth who
achieved success at Saint-Ger- by Metastasio, music by Gluck, first rep-
main-en-Laye. Mile do la Fontaine distin- resented in Bologna in 17G1. Characters :
guished herself beyond the others. The Porsenna, King of Tuscany Clelia, noble ;
ballet was revived Opera in January,

at the Roman woman, hostage in the Tuscan
1682, on Sept. 11, 1705, and in four entrees camp, and betrothed to Orazio Orazio, ;
with jDrologue arrangement by Danchet and Roman ambassador Larissa, daughter of ;
Campra, Nov. 26, 1705. The score was Porsenna, loved by i\Iannio, and betrothed
printed by Christophe Ballard (Paris, 2d to Tarquinio Tarquinio, lover of Clelia
;
ed., 1721). —
Lajarte, i. 38 Clement et La- ; Mannio, Prince of the Viejenti, and lover of
rousse, 670 JuUien, Hist, du Costume au
; Larissa. Scene in the Tuscan camp during
Theatre, 46 ; Diet, des Theatres de Paris the siege of Rome. Other Italian operas on
Mercure, January, 1681. the same text by Jommelli, Stuttgart, 1757,
:
TKIONFO D' AEIANA. See Ariadne. Lisbon, June 6, 1774 by Johann Adam ;
TRIONFO D' ARMIDA. See Armide et Hasse, Vienna, 17G2 by Johann "Waiihall, ;
Renaud Rome, 1764 by Josef Michl, Munich, 1776

;
;
TRIONFO BELLA POESIA E DELLA by Urbani, Dublin, 1784 by Angelo Tarchi, ;
MUSICA, nel celebrasi la morte, la esalta- Turin, 1787 by Sebastiano Nasolini, text
;
zione e la incoronazione di Maria sempre, revised by Sografi, Milan, 1799 and by ;
Vergine assunta in cielo, IL (The triumph Marcos Portugal, Lisbon, 1803. ]Marx, —
of poetry and music, celebrating the death, Gluck und die Oper, i. 253 Schmid, ;
exaltation, and ascension of the Virgin Ritter von Gluck, 84.

Mary), sacred oratorio, for six voices and TRISTAN UND ISOLDE (Tristram and
chorus, by Benedetto Marcello, first ^lev- Isoude), music-drama in three acts, text and
formed in 1733. It is full of pathos and music by Richard Wagner, first represented,
expressive instrumentation. The MS. score, under Hans von Billow's direction, at Mu-
once owned by Fetis, is in the Royal Li- nich, June 10, 1865, with the follo\Ying cast
brary, Brussels.
TRIONFO DEL TEMPO E DEL DIS- Tristan (T.). . .Herr Schnorr von Carolsfold.
INGANNO, IL (The triumph of Time and Isolde (S.). . . .Frau Schnorr von Carolsfeld.
Truth), Italian serenata or oratorio, text by K()nig Markc (B.) Herr Zottmayer.
the Cardinal Benedetto music by Kurwenal
Panfili, (Bar.) Herr INIitterwurzcr.
Handel, first given in the palace of the Melot (T.) Herr Heinrich.
Cardinal Ottoboni, Rome, in 1708. The Brangiine (S.) Fri. Deiuet.
overture was so diflficult that Corelli was Ein Hirt (T.) Herr Simons.
unable to play the violin part, and Handel Ein Steuermann (Bar.). . . .Herr Hartmauu.
J97
TKISTAN
The text was written in 1857 ;
Tristan obeys, and on her
the score lover, Morold.
of the first Zurich charge, offers her his sword. She refuses
act was finished in
in 1857, that of the second in Venice in to take his life, and proposes that he shall
March, 1859, and the third in Lucerne in drink with her a cup of reconciliation. In-
August, 1859. The stead of the death-draught which Isolde
libretto is a variation
of the Keltic story of Tristram and Isoude, had bidden Brangiiue to prepare, she has
which is supposed to have made its way mixed a love-potion, and after a moment of
into Germany through France, and which bewilderment, Tristan and Isolde fall into
at one time was thought to be of Norman an ecstasy of passionate love. The second
origin. The most complete version extant act is in Cornwall, in a garden near the
is that of Gottfried von Strassburg, written castle. Isolde, having been wedded to
in the 13th century. It has been treated King Marke, still loves Tristan, and while
by Tennyson in "The Last Tournament," the king has gone hunting at night, she
by Matthew Arnold, and by Swinburne. signals to Tristan. Braugiine watches for
the return of the King and his huntsmen,
but the lovers pay no heed to her warnings.
Melot, jealous of Tristan, betrays him to
the King, and Tristan, provoking Melot to
combat, is wounded. The last act is placed
in Tristan's castle, in Brittany, to which the
wounded knight has been borne by Kur-
wenal. He lies upon his couch waiting
for Isolde, for whom Kurwenal has sent.
She arrives, and Tristan dies in her arms.
i^^ A second vessel approaches with King
Marke and his men. Kurwenal, who at-
tempts to defend the castle, is wounded
and compelled to yield, and dies at his
master's feet. King Marke, having heard
the story of the love-potion from Brangane,
Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld.

had come to give his consent to the union
of the lovers, but he is too late, for Tristan
The name Tristan, derived from the French is dead and Isolde dies upon his body.
triste, is written also Tristrem and Tristram ;
This music-drama is entirely free fi-om all
Isolde, Iseult, Tsonde Brangane,
Ysolt, ; the conventional forms of the opera. The
Brangwain, and Brenqwain Marke, Mark, ; most noteworthy passages include the Vor-
and Mai'c and Kurwenal, Gouvemayle.
; spiel the love-scene in the second act, " Bist
;
The drama opens on the ship which, com- dumein? Hab' ich dich wieder," " O, sink'
manded by Tristan, is bearing the Irish hernieder, Nacht der Liebe," and " O siisse
princess, Isolde, to be the unwilling bride Nacht Ew'ge Nacht Hehr erhabne Liebes-
! !
of King Marke, of Cornwall. She sends Nacht," and Isolde's lament over Tristan,
her maid, Brangane to bid Tristan appear " Mild und leise wie er liichelt," often
before her, and on his refusal she resolves called her " swan-song." The part of Tris-
that he shall die. As the vessel enters the tan has been sung with great success by
harbor, Tristan sends his squire, Kurwenal, Herr Schnorr von Carolsfeld and Albert
to bid Isolde prepare for landing,
and she Niemann, and that of Isolde by Theresa
again orders Tristan into her presence to Malten, and by Lilli Lehmann, being one
atone for having slain her kinsman and of the latter' s greatest characters. The
498
;
TRISTIA
work has been translated into French by niustrationen (1865) J. B. Alfeld, Kritisch ;
Victor Wilder, and into English by H, and beleuchtet mit eiuleitenden Bemerkuugen
F. Corder (London, 1882). The Vorspiel ilber Melodie und Musik (Munich, 1865) ;
was first played in Paris at Pasdeloup's R. Ehlert, Richard Wagner's Tristan und
Concert, Nov. 15, 1874, and first in New Isolde (Deutsche Rundschau, 1874, i. 157) ;
York by the Philharmonic Society in the Franz MilUer, Tristan und Isolde nach Sage
season of 1865-66. The drama was first und Dichtuugen zur Einleitung in das
given in Leipsic, Jan. 2, 1882 in London, at ; Drama Richard Wagners (Munich, 1865) ;
Di'ury Lane, June 20, 1882, under the direc- Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (1865), 430, 448 436, ;
tion of Hans Richter, and with Winkelmann 456 ; Neue Zeitschr. (I860), ii. 97, 113, 121,
as Tristan, Frau Sucher as Isolde, ^larianne 129, 149, 165 ; (1861), i. 77, 87, 95, 103,
Brandt as Brangiine, Gura as KOnig Marke, 121, 129, 149, 158, 165 ; (1865), 365, 373 ;
Wolflf as Melot, and Kraus as Kurwenal. (1866), 77, 85, 129, 137, 145, 157 ; (1874),
Tristan und Isolde was first sung in New 265 ; (1882), 16 ; (1886), 348 ; Mus. Wo-
York at the Metropolitan Opera House, Dec. chenblatt (1872), 625, 673, 735, 767, 799 ;
1, 1887, with Niemann as Tristan, Lilli Leh- (1874), 341, 356, 369 ; (1875), 131, 336,
mann as Isolde, Marianne Brandt as 348 (1876), 173, 261, 271
; (1882), 31 ; ;
Brangane, Fischer as Kunig Mai'ke, von Bayreuther Blatter (1881), 169 (1885), ;
Milde as Melot, and Robinson as Kurwe- 154 (1886), 41, 69, 103
; (1887), 244 ; ;
nal. Full score published by Breitkopf & Athenaeum (1865), 853 (1882), i. 804 ; ;
Hartel (Leipsic, 1860) ;

pianoforte score Uj)ton, Standard Operas, 267 Krehbiel, ;
by Hans von Billow (ib.) Vorspiel ar- ; Review (1886-87), 38.

ranged by Hans von Billow for two piano- TRISTIA, three choruses with orchestra,
fortes for four hands, and pianoforte, two music by Hector Berlioz, op. 18, I. Medi-
hands (ib.) Potpourri for do., by Cramer
; tation religieuse, text from Thomas Moore ;
(ib.) ; R. Eituer, Phantasie ilber Motive for H. La mort d'Ophtlie, arranged for female
do. (ib.) ; Liszt, Isoldens Liebestod, tran- voices HI. Marche funebre pour la der-
;
scription for do. arranged by A. Heintz niere scene d'Hamlet. The score is dedi-
(ib.),
for four hands (ib.) M. von May feld, Erin- cated to Prince Eugene de Sayn-Wittgen-
;
nerungen an Richard Wagners Tristan und steiu.— Jullien, Berlioz (1888), 379.
Isolde (ib.) Carl Tausig Paraphrasen
; TRITTO (properly di Turitto), GIA-
(Schlesinger) A. Jaell, transcriptions (Hof- COMO, born at Altamura, near Bari, King-
;
meister) Isoldens Liebestod, arranged by dom of Naples, in 1735, died in Naples,

;
A. Pringsheim for two pianofortes Vor- Sept. 17, 1824. Dramatic and church
;
spiel, by A. Heintz for two pianofortes, composer, pupil of Cafaro at the Conserva-
eight hands Bilder aus Tristan und Isolde torio della Pieta, where he became, on com-
;
for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello, by A. pleting his studies, pi-imo maestrino and sup-
Pringsheim and Isoldens Liebestod, for pi- plemented his master Cafaro as instructor
;
anoforte, violin, and harmonium, by A. in harmony, and also as music director at

Ritter. —
Wagner, Ges. Schriften, vii. 1-112 the Teatro San Carlo. In 1779 he was ap-
Jullien, Wagner, 1-46 Pohl, Wagner, 93, pointed professor of harmony, and in 1800
;
118 ; Glasenapp, Richard Wagners Leben of counterpoint and composition, at the

und Wirken, ii. 143 Kastner, Wagner- Conservatorio, afterwards also maestro di
;
Catalog, 47 R. Bechstein, Tristan und musica of the king's chamber music, and of
;
Isolde in deutschen Dichtungen derNeuzeit the royal chapel. Among his pupils were
(Leipsic, 1876) Mouc, Sage von Tristan Farinelli and Spontiui. Works II prin-
; :
und Isolde (Heidelberg, 1822) ; J. J. Abert, cipc riconosciuto, La marinolla, Naples,

Eine musikgeschichtliche Abhaudlung mit 1780 ; La Belinda, La viaggiatrico di spi-
49!t
TRIUMriiAL
rito, ib,, 1781 ; Don Procopio, La scuola ter of the Revelations of St. John, music by
degli amauti, ib., 1782 II cortigiano fa- Brahms, first given at a Gesellschafts-Con-
;
natico, I convitato di pie- zert, Vienna, Dec. 8, 1872.

due gemelli, II The work,
tra, 1783
ib., La scuffiara, La sposa which is strong and fine, was received ^vith
;
stramba, ib., 1784 La sposa bizzarra, Rome, enthusiasm.

;
The score, dedicated to the
1784 Lo scaltro a\Tenturiere, Artenice, Le Kaiser Wilhelm, was published by Simrock
;
astuzie in amore, Naples, 1785 L' impos- (Berlin).— Mus. Wocheublatt (1873), 10 ; ;
tore smascberato. La scaltra awenturiera, (1874), 147, 164 Neue Zeitschr. (1888), ;
ib., 178G ; Arminio, Le gelosie, I raggiri 234, 251.

scoperti, Rome, 178G; La prova reciproca, TRIUMPH^LARSCH ZU TARPEJA
Le trame spiritose, Naples, 1787 barone (Triumphal ]\ Larch in Tarpeia), for orchestra,
; II
in an gust ie, II giuocatore fortunato, ib. in C, by Beethoven, first performed with

1788 La bella selvaggia, Rome, 1788 I the tragedy of Tarpeia, by Kuflfner, in Vi-
; ;
finti padroni, ib., 1789 La molinarella, enna, March 26, 1813. First published by
;
Naples, 1789 La vergine del sole, Lenozze Haslinger (Vienna). Breitkopf & Hiirtel,
;
in garbuglio, ib., 1790 La canteriua, Beethoven Werke, Serie ii., No. 14. Thayer,
; —
Rome, 1790 Gli amauti in puntiglio, Verzeichniss, No. 178.
;
L' iuganuo fortunato, Naj^les, 1791 ; L' equi- TRILTklPH OF TDIE AND TRUTH,
voco, La donna sensibile, ib., 1792 ; La THE, English oratorio in
three acts, text
fedelta tra le selve, Venice, 1795 Apelle e from the Cardinal Panfili's " Trionfo del
;
Campaspe, 1796 IMilan, ; Nicaboro in Juca- tempo e del disinganno," supposed to have
tan, Naples, 1798 Ginevra di Scozia, ib., ; been translated and arranged by Thomas
1800 I matrimonii contrastati, Rome, 1800
; ;
Morell, music by Handel, first given at Co-
Gli Americani, Naples, 1802 Alessandro in ; vent Garden, London, in 1757. This is
Efeso, Mantua, 1804 L' omaggio pastorale, ; Handel's last work, written after he had
ib., 1805 Albino in Siria, Cesare in Egitto,
; become blind, and dictated to his amanu-
ib., 1810. Cantatas II disinganno, 1792 :
;
ensis. It is a revision of his early oratorio
II tempio dell' eternita, 1793 "II trionfo del tempo e del disinganno,"
II trioufo ;
della gloria, Naples, 1801. Mass for 8 written in 1708, but contains much other
voices, with 2 orchestras 3 solemn masses music, including new recitatives and num-
;
with orchestra ; 3 short masses ; Pastoral bers from other oratorios. The story is
Mass ; Requiem with orchestra ; Passion allegorical. Beauty (S.) is seen regarding
according to St. Matthew, with orchestra ;
herself in a mirror, and mourning that she
do. according to St. John Motets, Te ; must j'ield to the ravages of Time. Pleas-
Deums, and other church
Dixit, Magnificat, ure (T.) vows that she shall wear her charms
music. His son and pupil Domenico (born forever, and Beauty promises to be her
at Naples in 1781) composed the following slave. Time and Counsel, the son of Truth
operas Zelinda e Rodrigo, Naples, about
: (A.), enter and declare that Beauty will soon
1812 La parola d' onore, ib., 1815 II ti-i-
; ; fade, and Truth bids licr forsake folly.
onfo di Trajano, ib., 1818. —Fetis ; do.. Beauty is tempted by Deceit (S.) to con-
Supplement, ii. 587 ; Adrien de la Fage, tinue her life, but she bids farewell to
Miscellanees musicales, 173. Pleasure, follows the call of Truth, and
TRIUMPHAL OVERTURE, for orches- Time and Truth thus triumph over Pleasure
tra, by Anton Rubinstein, op. 43. Pub- and Beauty. Published by Walsh (Lon-
lished by Schott (Mainz). don) Chrysander's edition by Breitkopf &
;
TRHIMPHLIED (Song of Triumph), for Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1865). Chrysander, Hiln- —

soli, chorus, and orchestra, text arranged del, ii. 217-232 Rockstro, Handel, 53, 205, ;
by the composer from the nineteenth chap- 355 Schcelcher, do., 331. ;
500
:
TROIS
TKOIS COULEUKS, LES (The Three Werner Kirchof Herr Schelper.
French song, words by
Colors), poHtical Marie Frl. Jahns.
Adolphe Blanc, music by Adoljihe Vogel, Baron von SchOnau Herr Greuf^f^
written after the French Revolution of Graf von Wildenstein Herr Kohler.
1830, to celebrate the return of the tricolor Griifin von "Wildenstein. .Fr. Metzler-Luwy.
flag. It was first sung by Chollet at the Conradin Herr Goldberg.
Theatre des Nouveautes, Paris, in 1830, Damian Herr Marion.
and became very popular. Grove, iv. —
803. The libretto is founded on SchefTel's poem,
TROMBONCINO, BARTOLOMMEO, the story of which is very popular in Ger-
Italiancomposer of the 15th and IGth centu- many. The action of tlie prelude is placed
ries,born in Verona. Composer of frottole towards the end of the Thirty Years' War,
or part-songs, of which Eitner's Bibliogra- and the scene is in Heidelberg. The rest
phie contains a list of 107 to secular, and two of the opera represents Silkkingen in 1G50.
to sacred words, all for four voices, as well as "Werner, a rollicking student, joins the sol-
nine Lamentations and one Benedictus for diers and becomes trumpeter to the Baron
three voices. Twenty-nine of his Frottole von Schuuau, with whose daughter Marie
are in the collection by the lutenist Fran- he falls in love. Objections are made to
cesco, surnamed Bossinensis, entitled : Te- their mari-iage, until it is discovered that
nori e contrabass! (vocal) intabulati col "Wêrner is the son of Marie's aunt, the
soprano in canto figurato per cantare e Countess "Wildenstein, he having been
sonare col Lauto, Ub. primo (Petrucci, Ven- stolen in infancy by the gypsies. The two
ice, 1509). The nine books of Frottole, cousins are then permitted to marr}'. The
printed by Petrucci in 1501-08, contain all opera, which has been very successful in
of Tromboncino's. The Lamentations are Germany, reached its hundredth perform-
in Lamentationum liber secundus (Pe- ance at the Berlin Opera House, Jan. 13,
trucci, Venice, 150G). —
Fetis Grove Men- 1889. ; It was first given in New York at
;
del. the Metropolitan Opera House, Nov. 23,

TROMLITZ, JOHANN GEORG, born at 1887, with Robinson, Fischer, von Milde,
Gera, Feb. 9, 1726, died at Leipsic, Feb. 4, Emblad, Ferenczy, Frau Seidl-Kraus, and
1805. Flutist, lived the greater part of his Frl. Meisslinger in the cast. German ope-
life where he appeared in con-
at Leipsic, ras of the same
and subject by Ber-
title
certs, was much esteemed as a teacher and nard Scholz, text by Theobald Rehbaum,
manufacturer of flutes, to which instrument Wiesbaden, Jan. 20, 1877 and by Emil ;
he added essential improvements. He pub- Kaiser, Thalia Theater, New York, 1880.
lished several treatises on the flute, and —Mus.
Wochenblatt (1884), 204 Siguale ;
contributed articles to the Allgemeine mu- (1884), 497 Krehbiel (Review, 1887-88), ;
sikalische Zeitung. "Works : 3 concertos for 38.

flute and strings 2 books of sonatas for
; TROPPO DO, BASTA PER ORO. See
pianoforte and flute 6 Partien for flute
; CrUpino e la Coniare. ;
Collection of German songs. —Fetis ; Men- TROUBADOUR, THE,

English opera,
del. music by Alexander
text by Franz Hiifter,
TROMPETER VON
SAKKINGEN, Mackenzie, represented at Drury Lane The-
DER, German comic opera in three acts, atre, London, June 8, 1880. This work,
with prelude, text by Rudolf Bunge, music originally called Guillem de Cabestant,
by Victor Ernst Nessler, first represented treats events in the history of that trouba-
at the Stadttheater, Leipsic, May i, 1881, dour. It was conducted by the composer,
with the following cast and was received witli applause.

6(11
"
TKOVATOKE
TROVATOEE, IL (The Troubadour), is summoned to defend the castle of Cas-
Italian opera iu four acts, text by Camma- and his messenger informs him that
tellar,
rauo, music by Verdi, first represented at Leonora has entered a convent. He res-
the Teatro Apollo, Rome, Jan. 19, 1853. cues her as she is about to take the vows,
The libretto is from a Spanish drama, "El and leads her to Castellar= The next act
Trovador" (1832), by Antonio Garcia-Gu- shows the camp of the Count. Azucena,
arrested and brought before him as a spy,
calls Manrico to her aid. The Count, furi-
ous at hearing his name, orders the
rival's
gyjisy to be burned. Manrico declares that
she is his mother, and tries to save her, but
he is thrown into prison with her. Leo-
nora promises her hand to the Count if he
will spare Manrico's life. He consents, and
Leonora, having taken poison, bears the
tidings to Manrico. He refuses liberty at
this cost, and the Count orders him to be
put to death at once. The Count forces
Azucena to the window to show her the ter-
rible scene. Informing him that he has
murdered his own brother, the gypsy falls
upon the prison floor and dies. The best
numbers include a short melody behind
:
the scenes, "Deserto sulla terra," which in-
Mane Sasse.
tierrez. The opera ojjens with a midnight

scene in the Palace of La Aljaferia,where
Ferrando, an old retainer, tells his associates
the story of the Conte di Luna's brother,

Garzia, who was bewitched by a gypsy, and
whose unknown, though he was in
fate is
reality stolen in revenge by Azucena, daugh-
ter of the gypsy, who was burned at the
stake. The Conte di Luna enters, and
sings under the window of Leonora, whom
he loves. Leonora, believing him to be her
lover Manrico, a troubadour, comes into
the garden and greets him. Manrico ap-
pears, charges her with faithlessness, and Villaret.
the Count challenges him. The next act is

in the gypsy camp, where Azucena tells the troduces Manrico a trio, " Di geloso amor
;
wounded Manrico, who believes her to be sprezzato," sung by Manrico, Leonora, and
his mother, the story of the gypsy's death, the Count at the close of the first act the ;
and how by mistake she had thrown her Anvil chorus Azucena's aria, " Stride la
;
own infant into the flames instead of the vampa " Manrico's aria, " Mai reggendo
;
;
Count's brother. At this moment Manrico the Count's aria, " II balen del suo sorriso ;
602
TPtOYEXS
Manrico's aria, " Ah si, ben mio," which lungen. I. La prise de Troie (The Fall of
"
eucls with the cabaletta, "Di
quella pira ; Troy), opera in three acts, was never repre-
the Miserere, "Ah che la morte ; " " Mira di sented. It was sung by the Oratorio Soci-
acerbe," sung by Leonora ;aud the duet, "Ah ety of New York in 1877. H. Les Troyens
la stanchezza," between Azucena and Man- a Carthage (The Trojans at Carthage), opera
rico. The part of Maurico has always been in five acts, with a prologue, was first rep-
a favorite with lyric tenors, as it affords op- resented at the Theatre Lyrique, Paris,
portunity for displaying the high register Nov. 4, 1863, under the direction of Car-
of the voice. Mme Viardot-Garcia is prob- valho. It was not successful, greatly owing
ably the best Azucena ever seen. Mme to the imperfect scenic apparatus. Berlioz
Penco, Mme Goggi, Baucardo, Guicciardi, considered it one of his best productions,
and Balderi sang in the original cast. This and the score contains some of his most
opera was received with great enthusiasm, poetical and original music. There are
and was soon played throughout Europe. strange devices in rhythm and instrumenta-
It was first represented in Paris at the Ita- tion, and the dramatic climaxes are strong.
liens. Dee. 23, 1854, with Mario as Manrico The theme is the love of Dido and Jineas.
;
Graziani as the Count IMme Frezzolini as Mme Chai'ton-Demeur sang the part of Di-
;
Leonora and Mme Borghi-Mamo as Azu- dou, and M. Monjauze that of fiuee. The
;
cena. It was sung at the Academic Eoyale Trojans at Carthage was first given in New
de Musique, Paris, French translation by York as a dramatic cantata, arranged by H.
Emilien Pacini, Jan. 12, 1857, with Guey- E. Krehbiel, and under the direction of
mard, Bonnehee, Mme Deligne-Lauters, and Frank Van der Stucken, at Chickering Hall,
Mme Borghi-Mamo in the cast, and after- Feb. 26, 1887. The score was dedicated to
wards with Marie Sasse and Villaret in the the Princess Carolyne de Sayn-W'ittgenstein,
principal rules. It was first given in Lon- nee Ivanowska. La prise de Troie was ar-
don at Covent Garden, May 17, 1855, with ranged in pianoforte score by Berlioz, and
Tamberlik, Graziani, Mile Jenny Ney, and published by Choudens (Paris), and by Bote
Mme Viardot. It was sung in English at & Bock (Berlin). Les Troyens a Carthage
Drury Lane, March 24, 1856 and it was first was published by Choudens (Paris, 1885).
;
given in New York, May 2, 1855, with Bri- —

Julhen, Berlioz (1888), 263 Clement et ;
gnoli, Amodio, Signora Steffanone, and Sig- Larousse, 678 Memoires de Berlioz, 372
;
;
norina Vestvali. It was given in German Krehbiel, Review (1886-87), 121.

at the Metropolitan Opera House, Feb. 6, TRUHN, FRIEDRICH HIERONTrîrS,
1889.— Pougin, Verdi (Matthews), 144 born at ElbingjWest Prussia, Oct. 14, 1811,
;
Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 230 Revue et died in Berlin, April 30, 1886. Vocal com-
;
Gaz. mus. de Paris (1855), 365 (1857), 17, poser, pupil of Beruhard Klein, of Dehn,
;
322 Clement et Larousse Edwards, Ly- and of Mendelssohn in Berlin, where he

; ;
rical Drama, i. 295 Athenseum (1853), lived until 1835, when he went to Dantzic
;
1263 (1855), 560, 593 Upton, Standard as Kapellmeister of the theatre. He re-
; ;
Operas, 229. turned in 1837 to Berlin, and afterwards

TROYENS A CARTHAGE, LES. See became associated with Schumann at Leip-
Les Troyens. sic, as one of the chief contributors to the
TROYENS, LES (The Trojans), poeme- Neue Zeitschrift fiir Musik, until 1844,
lyrique in two parts, text and music by when Schumann retired from it. He then
Hector Berlioz, composed between 1856 travelled in Russia, Poland, and Scandi-
and 1863. The text is from the .5^neid, navia, returned in 1848 to Elbhig, where he
and the two divisions are related like the founded a singing society, and to Berlin in
parts of Richard Wagner's Ring des Nibe- 1852, where he founded the Neue Lieder-
603
;
TRUMPET
tufel. In 1854 lie joined Hans von Biilow pi-e-eminently cultivates the national ele-
iu a concert torn-, then lived at Riga until ment in music. Voye- "Works — Operas :
1858, when he returned to Berlin. Works : voda, Moscow, 1869 Opritchnnyk, St. Pe- ;
Der baiersche Hiesel, marionette opera, tersburg, 1874 Vakula the Smith, ib., 1876
; ;
Berlin, 1832 Der vier jiihi-ige Posten (not

;
Yevgenyie Onegin, ib., 1879 The Maid of ;
given) ;
1835
Trilby, comic opera, Berlin, ;
Orleans, ib., 1881 Mazeppa, ib., 1882 ;
;
Fest-Cantate, KOnigsberg MahadOh, for ; Tscharodyeika, ib., Nov. 1, 1887 Snegorulch- ;
soli, 8-part chorus, and orchestra, Berlin, ka (Snowdrop), lyric drama Le lac des ;
Breslau, Dresden, KOnigsberg, Elbing, cygnes, ballet. Two masses, op. 41, 52 ;
1846 Der Abschied, for soli, male chorus, Coronation Cantata, for soli, chorus, and
;
and orchestra, KOnigsberg, 1850 Cleo- orchestra 4 symphonies, in G minor, op.

; ;
patra, melodrama, Berlin, 1853 ; Many- 13, in C, 013. 17, in D, op. 29, and in F
songs. Fetis— Ledebur, Tonkiinstl, Lex. minor, op. 36 ; Symphonic poems (fantaisies
;
Berlins Mendel. ;
for orchestra) Der Sturm, op. 18 Fran- : ;
TRUMPET OVERTURE, for orchestra, cesca da Rimini, op. 32 Manfred, op. 58 ;
in C, by Mendelssohn, op. 101, composed in Borneo and Jvdiet. Ouverture triomphale,

182G. This overture was first given in Lon- on the Danish National Hymn, op. 15, 1812
don by the Philharmonic Society in 1833. Eighteen hundred and twelve, ouverture so-
Breitkopf & Hilrtel, Mendelssohn Werke, lennelle, op. 49 3 suites for orchestra, op. ;
Serie ii., No. 15. Ai-ranged for the piano- 43, 53, 55 Serenade for strings, op. 48 ; ;
forte for four hands. Marche slave, op. 31 Coronation March ;
TRUÎPETER, THE, ballad, for tenor (1883) 2 concertos for pianoforte and or- ;
and baritone soli, male chorus, and orches- chestra, op. 23, 44 Fantaisie for do., o\). ;
tra, music by George Templeton Strong, 56 2 concertos for \iolin and orchestra,
;
first performed by the Apollo Club, Boston, op. 25, 35 Pezzo capriccioso, for violin and ;
in February, 1888. orchestra, op. 62 3 quartets for strings,

;
TSCHAIKOWSKY, PETER (ILITTCH), op. 11, 22, 30 ; Trio for pianoforte and
„_,_ born at Votkinsk, strings, op. 50 ; Pieces for pianoforte and
government of Viat- violin, op. 26, 34 ; Variations for violon-
ka, Russia, Dec. 25, cello and pianoforte, op. 33; Sonata for
1840, still living in pianoforte, op. 37 ; Many pieces for i:)iano-
St. Petersbui-g, 1890. forte, op. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-10, 19, 21, 39, 40, 51,
Dramatic composer, 63, and The Seasons ; Russian songs, o^. 6,
at first studied law 16, 25, 27, 38, 47, 57, 65 ; 6 duets, op. 46.
and entered the gov- —
Fetis, SujDplement, ii. 589 ; IMendel ; Rie-
ernment service, but mann.
at the age of twenty- TSCHARODYEIKA (The Sorceress), Rus-
two took up the study sian opera, text after the drama of Schpas-
of music at the newly- hinski, music by Tschaikowsky, represented
created Conservatory in St. Petersburg, in St. Petersburg, Nov. 1, 1887. The opera
and three years later (18G5) was appointed was conducted by the composer, and was
professor ofharmony at the Conservatory of enthusiastically received.
Moscow. This position he held until 1878, TSCHIRCH, ERNST LEBERECHT,
then devoted himself exclusively to compo- born at Lichtenau, July 3, 1819, died in
sition, living alternately at St. Petersburg, Berlin, Dec. 26, 1854. Instrumental and
iu Italy, Switzerland, etc. He is one of the vocal composer, pupil at the royal institute
most distinguished representatives of the for church music and at the Academy, in
young Russian school of composers, and Berlin visited Hamburg and Paris in 1845, ;
604
; .
TSCHIllCn
and was Kapellmeister of the theatre at KroU's theatre, Berlin, until 1854 ; founded
Stettin in Works Frithjof, the Miirkische Central-Siingerbund in 1860,
1849-51. :
opera (not represented) Der Hiegende Hol- and afterwards became royal music director.
;
lander, do., about 1852 Kampf und Sieg, Works Music to Eine Brautschau, Berlin,
; :
overture Other orchestral music

; Canta- 1858 Cantata, Sans-Souci, 1855 Many ; ; ;
tas Songs.
;
pieces for wind instruments, among which
TSCHIECH, (FRIEDEICH)WILHELM, Die Hubertusjagd, and Das Fest der Diana ;
bom at Lichtenau, Prussia, June 8, 1818, Choruses for male voices. — Fetis ; Mendel.
1890.
still living, Vocal composer, pupil of TUCKERMAX, SAMUEL PARKMAN,
the royal institute for church music, of the born in Boston, Massachusetts, Feb. 17, 1819,
Acadeni}', and of Marx, in Berlin was music still living, 1890. Organist, pupil in Boston
;
director at Liegnitz in 1843-52, then be- of Charles Zeuner in 1840 became organist ;
came Hof-Kapellmeister In 1869 and choir director of St. Paul's Church,

at Gera.
he visited the United States, on the invita- Boston, which post he held several years.
tion of several singing societies, to attend In 1849 he went to England, and studied
the Siingerfest at Baltimore, and won much the organ in various cathedral towns. In
applause with his compositions there, and 1853 he received the degree of Mus. Doc,
in New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Lambeth, and returning to Boston, resumed
Chicago, etc. He is honorary member of his duties at St. Paul's. After delivering
more than fifty male vocal societies and many lectures illustrating the development ;
under the pseudonym of Alexander Czersky of cathedral music from the fourth century,
has composed many salon pieces for piano- and church music in the old world and the
forte. Works Meister Martin und seine new, he returned in 1856 to England, where
:
Gesellen, opera, Leipsic, 1861 Eine Nacht he remained until 1864. He now resides in
;
auf dem Meere, dramatisches Tongemiilde, Switzerland. ]\Ir. Tuckerman has collected
for solo, male chorus, and orchestra (crowned a valuable music library of about 2,000
by the Academy of Berlin) Die Zeit, for volumes, including rare scores and motets
;
do., op. 38 Das Turnier, dramatic scene of the Italian and early English schools.
;
for do., op. 43 ; Bliicherin Giessen, do., op. In 1852 he received a diploma from the
51 ; Leben, Liebe, Lust und Leid, do., op. Accademia di Sta. Cecilia, Rome. Works :
63 ; Abschiedsgruss ans Vaterland, do., op. Church services in C, G, F, and E-flat

74 ; Eine Sangerfahrt auf dem Rhein, do., Anthems, including Thou shalt shew me the
op. 91 ; Die Harmonic, hymn for male path. Come unto him, God so loved the
chorus and wind instruments, op. 19 Gott, woi'ld, Lighten our darkness. An' they rest ;
Vaterland, Liebe, do., op. 42 Deutscher not. Their sun shall no more go down,
;
Miinner-Festgesang, do., op. 53 Scheide- Come unto me, I looked and behold a door ;
gruss an die Sonne, do., op. 58 Deutsches was opened in heaven, I was glad when
;
Siegeslied, do.; Ein Fels im Meer, do., op. they said unto me. Hear my prayer, and
64 ; Die Waffen des Geistes, do., op. 75 Blow ye the trumpet in Zion Hymns ;
; ;
Deutschlands Hochzeitstag, Hymnus zum Carols Chants, and part-songs. He has ;
Friedensfest 1871, do., op. 76 Im Maien, edited also several collections of church
;
do., oj). 77 ; Mass for do. or organ, op. 52 music;

The Episcopal Harp (Boston)
:
Sei du mit mil*, for do., op. 90, etc. ;

Songs, The National lyre (with S. A. Bancroft and
and part-songs. — Mendel ; Fetis. Henry K. Oliver) Cathedral Chants (1858)
;
TSCHIRCH, RUDOLF, born at Lich- and The Trinity Collection of Church ^lu-
tenau, April 17, 1825, died in Berlin, Jan. sic, containing the hymn tunes ofEdward
16, 1872. Instrumental composer, brother Hodges and several of his own works (New
of the preceding, was chorus master in York, 1864).
505
; ;
TUCZEK
TUCZEK, VINCENZ (FKANZ?), born sor at the Conservatoire. He retired from
ftt Prague about 1755, died Pesth in both positions in 1856, and in 1857 settled
at
1820. Di-amatic composer, son and pupil at Nantes. A factory for flutes, which he
of Franz Tuczek (died in Prague, 1780) had established and conducted, produced
;
began liis musical career as a tenor singer, many excellent instruments after the old
then was accompanist at the theatre in system, which he upheld to the period of
Prague until 1798, when he Avent to Sagan his retirement, strongly opposing the iutro-
as Kapellmeister to the Duke of Courland. duction of BOhm's system at the Conserva-
In 1800-01 he conducted the theatre or- toire. Works Five concertos for flute and :
chestra at Breslau, then that of the Leopold- orchestra Fantaisies, airs varies, for do.
;
stiidter Theater in Vienna, and finally set- Grand solos for do.; Symj^honies concer-
tled at Pesth. "Works Operas —
Hans tantes for flute and other wind instruments
:
;
Klachel, operetta, Prague, 1797 Die beiden Trios, duos, many airs, etc., for flute.
; Fe- —
Dacheln Riibezahl, Breslau, 1801 Sultan tis Mendel Eiemann.
; ; ; ;
Konradiu Dilmona das Bergweibchen

; TUIMA, FEANZ, born at Kosteletz-an-
Idas und Marpissa Lanassa. ;Moses in der-Elbe, Bohemia,
Egypten, biblical drama Samson, do. ; Oct. 2, 1704, died in
;
Geistliche Cantate, Sagan, 1798 Masses ; Vienna, Feb. 4, 1774.

;
Cantatas ; Vocal quartets, songs, etc. —Dla- Virtuoso on the viola

bacz ; Fc'tis ; Wurzbach. da gamba and con-
TUDWAY, THOMAS, English composer trapuntist, pujjil of
of the 17th century, died in Loudon in 1730. ^ Cernohorsk;f in
He was organist of King's College, Cam- Prague, and of Fux in
bridge, in 1G70, and of Pembroke College Vienna. In 1741 he
in 1681 ;
professor of music in Cambridge became chamber com-
University in 1704, suspended in 1706-07, poser to the dowager Empi-ess Elisabeth,
and resigned his position as organist in and was pensioned in 1750. Works Thirty :
1726, when he retired to London. He masses Miserere Responses to the Lec- ; ;
composed anthems, motets, services, and tiones et Lamentationes Sinfonie a tre. ;
songs, and compiled a collection of the —Slovnik nau^ny (Prague, 1872), ix. 633;
most celebrated services and anthems, in 6 Wurzbach.
volumes (1715-20).— Grove. TU N'^TAIS PAS SEUL EN CES
TU ES PETRUS, hymn for five-part cho- LIEUX See Guillaume Tell.
rus and orchestra, by Mendelssohn, op. Ill, TU P0SSJ:DES, DITON. See La
composed in 1827. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Juive.
Mendelssohn Werke, Serie xiv., No. 96. TURANDOT, overture, march, and in-
TULOU, JEAN LOUIS, born in Paris, cidental music to the play of Turandot,
Sept. 12, 1786, died at Nantes, July 23, adapted from the Italian of Gozzi, by Schil-
1865. Virtuoso on the flute, pupil of "Wun- ler, composed by Carl Maria von Weber, oj?.
derlich at the Conservatoire, where he won 37, in 1809. The overture is a musical jeu
the second j^rize in 1799, and the first in d'esprit, fashioned on a few oj)ening meas-
1801, it having been denied him in 1800 on ures of Chinese melody. It was originally
account of his j'outh. In 1804 he entered known as Ouvertura Cinese, but it was re-
the orchestra of the Opera Comique as fiz'st modelled for Turandot, and the original
flute, and in 1813 succeeded his master composition was lost. The autograph score,
Wunderlich at the Opera. In 1822 he re- owned by Max von Weber, was published by
signed, but went again to the Op6ra in Schlesinger (Berlin). Ai-rangemeut for the
1826, and soon after was appointed profes- pianoforte, two hands, by the composer
606
;
TURCO
(ib., 1817). — Jiihns, WeberCreveUi as Albazar, Garcia as Narciso, Ro-
Verzeicbniss,
No. 75. sich as Geronio, and Mme Barbiere as
TURCO IN ITALIA, IL (The Turk in Fiorella. Published by Schott (Mainz).
Italy), Italian opera in two acts, test by Escudier, Rossini, 15 —
Edwards, do., 83 ; ;
Komani, music by Rossini, first represented Vie de Rossini par un dilettante, 85 Hans- ;
at La Scala, Milan, Aug. 14, 181-i. It was lick, Moderne Oper, 105 CiiciHa, xii. 55. ;
written as a pendant to L' Italiana in Al- TURINI, FRANCESCO, born at Brescia

geri, but the critics condemned Rossini for in 1590, died there in 1G5G. Church com-
repeating himself, and the opera was not poser, son of Gregorio Turin (singer and i
very successful. A young Turk, Albazar, cornet virtuoso, 15G0-1G00), Avith whom
is shipwrecked on the coast of Italy, and he went to Prague, when quite young, and
falls in love with the first woman he meets. there became organist of the imperial
chapeL He spent some time in Venice and
Rome, and composition,
to study singing
returned to Prague, and seems to have set-
tled late in life in his native city. Works :
Messe a quattro e cinque voci (Venice)

Motetti (Brescia) Madrigali, 3 books (Ven-
;
ice, Messe a cappella a quattro

1G24, 1G29) ;
voci(ib., 1643) Motetti comodi (ib.).— Fe-

;
tis Mendel Riemann.

; ;
TURKISH ]MARCH. See Euinen von

Athen.
TLTILE, JAÎES, born at Taunton, Eng-
land, ]\Iarch 5, 1802, died in London, June
28, 1882. Organist of Christ Church, Sur-
Bermondsey,
rey, in 1819-29, of St. James',
in 1829-31, and in 1831-75 of Westminster
Abbey, where he was also master of the
choristers. In 1829-5G he was music
master at the School for the Indigent
Blind. Works Psalms and Hymns
: (1855)
I
-s ll^"^ do. for public worship (1863, 1864, 1869)
;
Ronzi de Begnis.
Psalter and Canticles (18G5) The People's ;
Music Book (with E.. Taylor) Church Ser- ;
Fiorella has a husband, Geronio, and a vices ; Anthems ; etc,
lover, Narciso, and she torments both by TURNER, ALFRED DUDLEY, born in
coquetting with the stranger. The original St. Albans, Maine, Aug. 24, 1854, died
cast included : Albazar, Galli ; Geronio, there. May 7, 1888. Pianist, pupil at the
Paccini ; Narciso, David ; and Fiorella, Mme New England Consei'vatory of Music and
Festa. The opera was first given in Paris the Boston University College of Music, in
at the Italiens, May 23, 1820 at Her Ma- both of which he taught until his death.
;
jesty's, London, May 19, 1820, and in 1822, He appeared several times as a pianist in
when IVIme Ronzi de Begnis made her de- concerts in Boston. Works Trois mor- :
but as Fiorella in Vienna in 1820 in ceaux for pianoforte and violoncello, op. 11
; ; ;
Berlin, as "Der Tiirke in Italien," German Suite for do., op. 17 Senate drainaticiuo ;
translation by von Holtey, in 182G and for pianoforte, op. 18 Sonata for piuno-
; ;
first in New York, March 14, 182G, with forte and violiu, in D minor, op. 27 ,
Do. ;
507
TURXllOUT
for do., in C Do., for piano- signed Gregorio Piva, the name of Steffani's
minor, op. 31 ;
forte and 34; Etudes, ro- secretary, which he adopted for himself
violoncello, op.
mances, nocturnes, preludes, mazurkas, and after he became a statesman. The large
other works for the jîauoforte. copy is entitled " Enea, ossia amor vien dal
TURXHOUT, GERARD DE (properly destino," but the conducting score is in-
Ghcert Jacques), born at Turnhout, Bel- scribed, "II Turno." This marks an ad-
gium, about 1520, died in Madrid, Sept. vance ujion all previous operas. The cho-
15, 1580. Contrapuntist, was a chorister in ruses anticipate those in Handel's oratorios,
the cathedral of Antwerp and a phrase of the Presto movement in the
in 1545, received
as master into the Confrerie de la Vierge, second Suite de pieces for the clavecin and
in 15G2, and became maitre de musique of one in the chorus, " For unto us a child is
the cathedral in 15G3, succeeding Antonio born," in The Messiah, resemble themes in
Barbe. In 1572 he was appointed maestro this work. Several arias are accompanied
de capilla to Felijie 11., resigning his po- by a full orchestra of strings, oboes, bas-
sitions in the Antwerp cathedral in that soons, trumpets, and drums. This opera and
year, and according to the accounts of the Taf^sUone were written in the same year.
royal chapel in Madrid, entering upon his TURN ON, OLD TIME. See Maritana.
duties there in November he of that year ; TURPIN, ED:MUND hart, bom at
was also made master of the children, and Nottingham, England,
held two prebends, those of Namur and May 4, 1835, still liv-
Tournai. "Works Liber primus sacrarum

: ing, 1890. Organist,
cantionum (Louvain, 15G8) Sacrarum et ; pupil of Noble, and in
aliai-um cantionum, etc. (ib., 15G9) ; Mass London of Hullah and
for 5 voices in Prsestantissimorum divinse Pauer ; organist of St.
musices auctorum missre decern (ib., 1570) ;
Barnabas, Notting-
Other compositions in the following collec- ham, in 1850, and of
tions 3d book of Recueil des fleurs (Phale-
: St. George, Blooms-
sius, Louvain, 15G8) 4th book of Chansons
; bury, in 18G9. Con-
a quatre parties (Tylman Susato, Antwerp, ductor and secretary
1544) Le xii. iemelivrecontenautxxx. chan-
; of College of Organists, 1875 professor of ;
sons amoureuses, etc. (ib., 1558) Een ; form and instrumentation at Trinity College,
duytschMusijckboeck, etc. (Phalesius, Lou- London. Since 1880 he has been editor of
vain, and Bellerus, Antwerp, 1573) La ; the Musical Standard. Works St. John :
rieur des chansons (ib., 1574) Livre de ; the Baptist, oratorio ; Hezekiah, do.; A
musique (ib., 1571). His son Jean was Song 18G7 The Monas-
of Faith, cantata, ;
maitre de chapelle to the Duke of Parma, tery, symphony Overtures Festival Mass
; ;
;
governor of the Netherlands, as early as, Motets Anthems Quartets Organ music.
;
; ;
and probably before, 1589, and until 1595 TYE, CHRISTOPHER, born in West-
at least. He published Madrigali a sei : minster early in the 16th century, died in
voci (Antwerp, 1589) Madrigali a cinque ; March, 1572(1580?). He was organist of
voci (Douai, 1595) Sacrarum cantionum
; Ely cathedral in 1541-62 chorister and
;
quinque, sex et octo vocum

gentleman of the Chapel Royal Mus. Bac,
(ib., 1600). ;
— r6ti3 Van der Straeten, iv. 48 vi. 512

; Cambridge, 1536 Mus. Doc, ib., 1545,
; ; ;
Mendel Riemann. ; Oxford (ad euudem), 1548. Works: The

TURNO, IL, Italian opera in three acts, Actes of the Apostles, etc. (London, 1553) ;
music by Steffani, written for and first rep- Services in G minor Masses, and anthems. ;
resented at the Court of Hanover in 1709. TYLIMAN SUSATO (Tileman, Thiele-

The scores in Buckingham Palace are man), born probably at Soest (Susatum),
608
; ;
UBER
Westphalia, about the close of the 15th vertissements for pianoforte, with flute, vio-
centui-}', died in Antwerp, in 1504. Vocal lin, etc.; 9 do., with violin, 2 horns, and
composer, and notable printer of music, bass 6 sonatas for pianoforte and violin ;
—
;
seems to have lived lirst at Cologne, and Quintets for string instruments. Fetis ;
is first heard of at Antwerp in 1631, as in- Mendel ; Schilling.

sti-umentalist at the cathedral, and city mu- UBER, FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN HER-
sician, lu 1513 he Oldened a printing office, jMANN, born in Breslau, April 22, 1781,
which soon assumed such proportions, that died in Dresden, March 2, 1822. Son of
he built in 1517 an establishment of his the preceding, pupil of Tiirk at Halle, where
own. His chansons and motets arc to be he was entrusted with conducting the win-
found in his own, and in contemporaneous ter concerts in 1801 returned to Breslau
;
—
Gei'man collections. Fetis Mendel Rie- ; ; in 1803, went to Berlin in 1801 and, recom-
mann. mended by Bernhard Romberg, entered the
TZIGANE, LA. See Fledermaus. service of Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prus-
sia. In the winter of 1808 he joined the
orchestra of King Jerome, at Cassel, as vio-
UBER, ALEXANDER, born at Breslau linist, and in 1809 became music director
in 1783, died at Carolath, Silesia, in of the German opera there. Aftei-wards he

1821. Violoncellist, son of the fol- conducted the French opera, and in 1815
lowing ;
pupil of Johann Zacharias Jiiger, on was connected with the National theatre at
the violin of Janitzek, and in composition of Mainz. In 1810 he went to Dresden as
Schnabel. His intercourse with Carl Maria Kapellmeister of Secouda's troupe, then
von Weber, Berner, and Klingohr contribut- lived for a while at Leipsic, and in 1817
ed much towards developing his talent. In Kreuz- was appointed music director at the
1801 he made a journey through Germany Les marius, kirche in Dresden. Works :
and played with success in many cities opera-comique Der falsche Werber, inter- ;
was settled at Basel for some years, but mezzo, Cassel, 1808 Der frohe Tag, opera, ;
returned to Breslau in 1821, and in 1823 Mainz, 1815 Music to Klingemann's drama ;
became Kapellmeister to Prince Carolath. Moses do. to the drama Der ewige Jude ;
;
Works Concerto for violoncello Variations do. to Saxonia, an allegory Die siebeu
: ; ;
for do., with quartet or orchestra ; Septet Worte des ErlOsers, oratorio ; Cantata for
for clarinet, horn, violin, 2 violas, and 2 the jubilee of the King of Saxony, 1818
violoncellos ; 6 caprices for violoncello ; 16 Das Fest der ErlOsung, cantata ; Concerto
variations on a German air, for do. ; Several for violin, etc. —Futis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
collections of part-songs ; Songs with piano- UDITE, UDITE, O RUSTIC! See Eli-
forte. — Fctis. sire d' amore.
UBER, CHRISTIAN BENJAIÎIN, born UEBERL:fiE, (FELIX WILHELM)
in Breslau, Sept. 20, 1746, died there in ADALBERT, born in Berhu, June 27, 1837,
1812. Amateur composer and skilled per- still living, 1890. Organist and cantor, pu-
former on several instruments practised ;
pil at theConservatorium and the royal
law in his native city, where his house was institute for church music in Berlin won ;
the rallying place of eminent representatives prizes in 1862 and 1861, and made a study
of art and science. Works Clarisse, oder
: trip to Italy in 1861-65. On his return
das unbekannte Dienstmlidchen, comic op- he became organist at the Bartholomiius-
era in three acts, Breslau, 1772 Deukalion Kirche, in 1860 at the Dorothcenstiidtischo
;
und Pyrrha, cantata Music to the comedy Kirche, and in 1807 vocal instructor at the
;
Der Voloutair 11 concertinos for piano- Louisenstiidtischo Gewerbschulc.

; Ho is
forte, flute, viola, 2 horns, and bass 6 di- also conductor of the Dorothea vocal so-
;
509
;;
UGOLmO
ciety. Works Egmout, opera Karin, do.; took part in the private chamber concerts
: ;
comic opera Das Wort Gottes, of Joseph n. Works Operas

"Weiberlist, ; Friihling — :
oratorio, 1872 Golgotha, do., 1878

;
Te und Liebe, Vienna, 1778 Der blaue
; ;
Deum Requiem, 1873

; Stabat Mater, Schmetterling
; Die Schnitterfreude, op- ;
1874 ; Choruses for male and mixed voices eretta, Vienna, 1785. Die Israeli ten in der
Songs Pianoforte pieces, etc.
;
—
Mendel Wiiste, oratorio Masses, htanies, graduals, ;
Riemaun. Te Deum, etc.; 6 symphonies for orchestra;

UGOLINO (Urgoliui, Hugelinus), VIN- Divertissements for pianoforte, etc. —Fetis ;
CENZO, born in Perugia in the second half Wurzbach.

of the 16th century, died inRome in 1626. ULRICH, EDUARD, born at Weimar in
One most learned church composers 1795, died there (?) after 1843. Violon-
of the
of the Roman school, pupil of Nanini. He cellist, pupil of Haase at Weimar, where he
was made maestro di cappella of Sta. Maria entered the court orchestra in 1811, having
Maggiore, Rome, in 1G03, but in 1604 a dan- in the meanwhile studied counterpoint in
gerous illness obliged him to resign. In Berhn. Works Der treue Eckard, opera,
:
1609 he held the same office at the cathedral Der Eremit, do., both given at Weimar,
of Benevento. In 1615 he returned to Rome, 1841 2 concertinos for horn and orches-
;
was called to S. Luigi de' Francesi, and in tra ; Soli for violoncello, etc. — Fetis ;
1620 was made maestro di caj)pella of St. Mendel.

Peter's, but was forced to resign in 1626 on ULRICH, HUGO, born
at Oppeln, Si-
account of his health. His best pupil was Nov. 26, 1827, died in Berlin, May 23,
lesia,
Orazio Benevoh. Works: Two books of 1872. Instrumental composer, pupil of
motets for 8 voices (Rome, 1614) 4 do., for Kotzoldt on the pianoforte and organ, and
;
later of Brosig, while paying his way through

1, 2, 3, 4 voices with basso continuo for or-
gan (ib., 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619) 2 books the Bi*eslau Gymnasium by singing and
;
of Psalms for 8 voices (ib., 1620) 2 booksorgan-playing. In 1846 he went to Berlin,

;
of masses and motets for 8 and 12 voices to study at the University, where the re-
(Rome, 1622) Psalms and motets for 12
; ommendation of Meyerbeer induced Dehn
voices (Venice, 1624).—Fetis, 281; Am- to take him as a pupil in composition. His
bros, Gesch., iv. 83 Riemann Mendel. ; compositions attracted great attention. His
;
UHDE, JOHAXN OTTO, born at Inster- Symphonic triomphale obtained in 1853 a

burg, East Prussia, May 12, 1725, died in prize of 1,500 francs from the Academie
Berlin, Dec. 22, 1766. Amateur composer, Royale of Brussels, where he was present
pupil in Berlin of Simonetti on the violin, at its first performance. In 1855 he went
and of Schaffirath on the pianoforte. He to Italy and lived in Venice, Turin, Genoa,
had studied law, and in time became coun- Rome, and Milan, but jjecuniary difficulties
cillor of the supreme court, and judge in compelled his return to Berlin in 1858, and
Berhn. Works Temistocle, opera, Berlin, prevented attempts at higher composition.
:
about 1760 Cantata on the victory at Tor- Teaching in Stern's Conservatorium was so
;
gau Italian cantata on the birthday of distasteful to him that he gave it up, and
;
Friedrich H. Die Grazien, cantata Sym- to make a living had recourse to musical
; ;
phonies, concertos, trios, songs, etc. —

Men- hack work, such as making arrangements
del Schilling.
; for pianoforte, which are excellent. His
ULBRICH, :\L\:XI:MILIAN, bom in Vi- compositions show great musical power,
enna in 1752, died there, Sept. 14, 1814. but the force of circumstances was too
Amateur dramatic and church composer, strong for him. Works Bertrand de Born, :
pupil of Wagenseil and of Reutter. He an unfinished opera 3 symphonies 2 over- ; ;
played well on several instruments, and tures Quartet Trio for pianoforte and ;
;
610
: ;
ULTIMO
strings ; Sonata for violoncello ; Pianoforte (ib., 1821); 50 do. (ib., 1808). — Fetis
pieces. —Mendel ; Fetis. Mendel.
ULTIMO DE' CLODOVEI, L'. See UMLAUF, IGNAZ, born in Vienna in
Ai'abi nelle Gallic. 1756, died at Meidling, near Vienna, June
ULTBIO GIORNO DI POMPEI, L' 8, 1796. Dramatic composer, became in
(The Last Day of Pompeii), Italian opei-a 1772 viola player in the opera orchestra,
in two acts, text by Tottola, music by then music dii-ector of the German oiierji,
Giovanni Pacini, first represented in Na- created by Joseph IE., and from 1789 sub-
ples, Nov. 19, 1825. It was given in Paris, stituted for Salieri as Kapellmeister of the
Oct. 3, 1830. Other operas on the same imperial chapel. Works Singspiele Die — :
subject, in Italian Una gita a Pompeji, by : Bergknappen, Vienna, 1778 Die piicefar- ;
Giovanni Moretti, Naples, 1856 Jone, ossia ; benen Schuhe, oder die schune Schusterin,
r ultimo giorno di Pompeji, by Petrella, die Apotheke, ib., 1778 Die gliicklichen ;
text by Peruzzini, three acts, Milan, Jan. Jiiger, ib., 1785 Der Ring der Liebe, ib.,
;
21, 1858. In German : Alida, oder die 1785 Der Irrwisch Aeneas in Carthago.
; ;
letzten Tage von Pompeji, by Franz Zach- Paul und Rosette, ballet, Vienna, 1825 Der ;
ner, text by Prechtler, Munich, April 12, Fassbinder, do., ib., 1830 Das Rosenfest. ;
1839 ;Die letzten Tage von Pompeji, by Church music Pianoforte pieces and songs.
;
August Pabst, text by Julius Pabst, four His son Michael (1781-1842) was violinist
acts, Dresden, Aug. 17, 1851 by Peter ; in the opera orchestra, where he became
Muller, text by Pasque, Darmstadt, 1855 assistant and then first Kapellmeister. He ;
Die Nazarener in Pompeji, by Muck, text composed two Singspiele Das Wirthshaus ;
by Gollmick and Bauer, Feb. 5, 1867 by zu Granada, Vienna, about 1812 Der Gre- ; ;
Yourij von Arnold, about 1860. In French nadier, Stuttgart, 1821 6 ballets Sonata for ; ;
Le dernier jour de Pomj)L'i, by Victorin de violin and pianoforte do. for pianoforte 4 ;
Jonci^res, text by Beaumont and Nuitter, hands Church music. Fetis Wurzbach ; — ; ;
four acts, Paris, Sept. 21, 1869. N. Necrol. der D. (1842), 1089.
ULYSSE, choruses to Ponsard's five-act UNA FURTIVA LAGRIMA. See Elisire
tragedy of Ulysse, by Gounod, first per- d' amore.
formed at the Comedie Fran9aise, Paris, UNA VOCE POCO FA. See narbiere di
June 18, 1852. It was given in London at Siviglia.
a concert for the benefit of the Brompton UN BACIO DI MANO, arietta for basa
Hospital, June 8, 1866. Published by with orchestra in F, text from Anfossi's
Cramer & Co. (London, 1866). —Athenaeum opera, Le gelosie music by
fortunate,
(1866), 808. Mozart, composed inVienna in ^lay,
UMBKEIT, KAKL GOTTLIEB, born at 1788. Breitkopf & Hilrtel, Mozart Werke,
Rehstedt, near Gotha, June 9, 1763, died Serie vi.. No. 40. — Kochel, Verzeichniss,
there, April 27, 1829. Organist, pupil of 541.
Kittel at Erfurt ; organist at Sonneborn, UND ES WAREN HIRTEN IN DER-
near Gotha, thirty-five years, then returned SELBEN GEGEND, cantata Feria H. Na-
to his native place. Christi, for soli and chorus, with
Works : Allgemeines tivitatis
Choralbuch fiir accompaniment of two flutes, two oboi d'

die protestantische Kirche,
etc. (Gotha, 1811), translated into French amore, two oboi da caccia, strings complete,
by Choron (Paris) Die evangelischen organ, and continuo, by Johann Sebastian

;
Kirchenmelodien, etc. (Gotha, 1817) ; 12 oi*- Bach. It forms the second part of the
gan pieces (ib. and Leipsic, 1798) ;25 do. TIVi7i?jac/(^s-Oratorium.
(Bonn) ; 12 choral melodies for organ UN DISPREZZATO AFFETTO, con-
(Gotha, 1817) ; 4 do. with variations tralto aria of Ottone, in F minor, with ao-
511
UNE
companiment of violins iu unison, and bass, the pianoforte for two Lands, by Theodor
in Handel's Oltone, Act HI., Scene 2. Pub- Kirchner (ib., 1881). Easy arrangement by
lished also separately, with the accompani- R. Keller (ib., 187G and 1881) do. for six ;
ment filled out by Robert Franz (Leipsic, hands (ib., 1877), and do. for two piano-
Kistner). fortes for eight hands (ib., 1874 and 1881).
UN DOUX SEmiENT NOUS lit. See Arranged for pianoforte and violin by Jo-
Hamlet. seph Joachim (ib., 1871 and 1880), easy
UND SPUK' ICH NICHT LINDE. See arrangement for do. by F. Hermann (ib.,
Fidelio. 1878 and 1881) for pianoforte and violon- ;
UNE FtE, UN BON

ANGE. See cello by A. Piatti (ib., 1881) for full or- ;
Domino Noir. chestra by the composer (ib., 1874), by

UNE HEURE DE MARIAGE (An Hour Antonin Dvoh'ik (ib., 1881). Zigeunerlied
of Marriage), opera-comique in one act, text (Gypsy Song), "Wir leben nur von heut
by ^fitienne, music by Dalayrac, first repre- auf luorgen," for two voices with pianoforte,
sented at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris, from No. V. and No. VI., arrangetl by Pau-
March 20, 1804. line Viardot, entitled, Les Bohemiennes,
UNGARISCHE FANTASIE (Hungarian and published by Hamelle (Paris, 1886).
Fantasy), a fantasia on Hungarian folk- UNGARISCHE ZIGEUNERWEISEN
melodies, for the pianoforte and orchestra, (Hungarian Gypsy Melodies), by Carl Tau-
composed by Liszt for Hans von Billow. sig, composed for the iîanoforto for two
The score was iûblished by Heiuze (Leip- hands. This ranks with Liszt's Rhapsodies
sic), arrangement for two pianofortes by hougroises. The score, dedicated to Sera-
Hans von Billow (ib.). phine Tausig, was published by Senff (Leip-
UNGARISCHE SUITE (Hungarian sic). Ai-ranged for the pianoforte for four
Suite), for orchestra, in F, by Joachim Raff, hands, by R. Kleinmichel (ib.).
op. 194. This is the composer's second UN JOUR, DANS LES PLOTS DE LA
suite. I. An der Grenze, Ouvertiire H. MEUSE. See ProphUe. ;
Auf der Puszta, Traiimerei HI. Bei einem UNSER MUND UND TON DER SAI-
;
Aufzug der Houved, Marsch IV. Volkslied TEN, tenor aria in F major, with accom-
;
mit Variationen V. Vor der Cstirda, Fi- paniment of two violins concertanti, two
;
nale.—Mus. Wochenblatt (1877), 186. do. ripieni, viola, and continuo, in Johann
UNGARISCHE TANZE (Hungarian Sebastian Bach's cantata Festo annuncia-
Dances), for the pianoforte for four hands, tionis Maria}, Wie schou leuchtet der Mor-
by Brahms, without opus number. Book I. genstern (Bachgesellschaft, No. 1). Pub-
1. Allegro molto 2. Allegro non assai ; 3. lished also separately, with the accomjiani-
;
Allegi-etto ; 4. Poco sostenuto ; 5. Allegro. ment filled out by Robert Franz (Leipsic,
BookH. G. Vivace ; 7. Allegretto ; 8. Presto; "Whistling).
9. Allegro non troppo ; 10. Presto. Book UOjNHNI DI PROMETEO, GLI (The
HL Poco andante
11. ; 12. Presto ; 13. Men of Prometheus), allegorical ballet in
Andantino grazioso 14, ; Un poco andante. two acts, with overture, ballet arranged
15. Allegretto grazioso ; IG. Con moto. by Salvatore Vigano, music by Beethoven,
Book Andantino 18. Molto vivace
IV. 17. ; ;
op. 43, first performed at the Hoftheater,
19. Allegretto;
20. Poco allegretto; 21. Vienna, March 28, 1801. Tlie scene is
Vivace. The first two books were published placed on Mount Parnassus. Characters
by Simrock (BerHn, 1872), arranged by the represented : Prometeo ; Children Bac-
;
composer for the pianoforte for two hands co ; Pan ; Terpsichore ; Thalia ; Melpo-
(ib., 1872). The second two books were mene ; Apollo ; Amfione ; Arione, and
published by Simrock (Berlin, 1880), for Orfeo. The famous dancer, Salvatore Vi-
612
; ;
URBAN
gano, appeared in it. It was very suc- Friihling, symphony Overtures to Schil- ;
cessful, being given sixteen times in 1801 ler's Fiesco Scheherezade, overture Ouver- ; ;
and thirteen times in 1802. The German turo zu einem Fastuachtsspiel Concerto ;
title is Die Geschopfe des Prometheus. for violin Solos for violin Songs, duets, ; ;
The finale, which is frequently played at terzets. His brother, Friedrich Julius (born
concerts, was performed in Vienna, Sept. 8, in Berlin, Dec. 23, 1838), is a popular sing-
1816. Overture, Adagio, Allegro molto ing teacher. His Kunst des Gesangs is
con brio Introduction, Allegro non troppo
; highly commended by critics he has also; ;
I, Poco adagio, Allegro con brio, Poco composed songs. Mendel Riemann. — ;
adagio. Allegro con brio 11. Adagio, Al- URHAN, CHRlfiTIEN, born at Mont-
;
legro con brio m. Allegro vivace IV. joie, near Aix-la-Chapelle, Feb. 16, 1790,
; ;
Maestoso, Andante V. Adagio, Andante died at Belleville, near Paris, Nov. 2, 1845.
;
quasi allegretto VI. Uu poco adagio. Al- Violinist, studied under his father the vio-
;
legro VII. Grave VIII. Allegro con brio, lin, jiianoforte and other instruments, and
; ;
Presto IX. Adagio, Allegro molto

; X. composed vaiiations for the violin before
;
Pastorale, Allegro XI. Andante XII. Ma- he was twelve years old.
; ; The Empress
estoso, Allegro XTIT. Allegro
; XIV. An- Josephine, who heard him at Aix in 1805,
;
dante ; XV. Andantino, Adagio, Allegro became his patroness and sent him to Paris
XVT. Finale, Allegretto, Allegro molto. to study under Lesueur, who procured
The theme of the Finale was used again him in 1816 a position in the orchestra of
for the Finale of the Sinfonia Eroica, op. the Opera. He was promoted to solo violin
56 as a theme for the pianoforte variations, in 1831 and became a popular player at
;
op. 35 and again in the seventh Contre- concerts, where he introduced Mayseder's
;
tanz (Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Serie ii., No. 9). compositions, then unknown in Pai'is. He
The score, in the Konigliche Bibliothek, played also at the Consei'vatoire concerts,
Vienna, was first published by Cappi and of which he was one of the organizers. He
by Artaria (Vienna, 1801). Breitkopf & devoted much time to the revival of the
Hartel, Beethoven "Werke, Serie ii., No. 11. viole d'amour, and Meyerbeer wrote for him
Ai-ranged for string-quartet, and for flute, the viole d'amour solo in the first act of the
violin, viola, and violoncello by Zulchner Huguenots. He used that instrument efl'ec- ;
for pianoforte and violin for pianoforte, ; tively also at Fetis's concerts historiques,
violin, flute, and violoncello for two piano-and contributed largely to the interest of
;
fortes for four hands, by Czerny the concerts given by the society for cham-
for do., ;
eight hands, by Schmidt for one piano- ber music under Baillot. "Works Premiere
; :
forte, four hands, by Cranz and for two et deuxicme quintettes romantiques pour
;
and four hands by Gleichauf. Thayer, —

deux violons, deux altos, et violoncello
Verzeichniss, No. 79 do., Beethoven, ii. (Paris)
; Quintettes pour deux altos, violon- ;
124, 380 Lenz, do., i. 230

; Marx, do., i. celle, contrebasse, et timbales ad libitum
; ;
68, 204 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xv. 435

; Elle et moi, duo romantique a quatre mains ;
xviii. 733. pour piano, op. 1 2iomo duo for do. La : ;
URBAN, HEINRICH, born in Berlin, salutation angelique for do. Les regrets, ;
Aug. 27, 1837, still living, 1890. Instru- idem Melodies for 1 and 2 voices, includ- ;
mental and vocal composer and violinist, ing a romance on 2 notes only. Grove —
pupil of Hubert Ries, Ferdinand Laub, Fetis Riemann Mendel. ; ;
Richard Hellmann, and others studied URSILLO, FABIO, flourished in Rome

;
also in Paris. He has been professor at about the middle of the 18th century. Vir-
KuUak's Academy, Berlin, since 1881, and tuoso on the archlute, and several other in-
has great reputation as a theorist. Works struments. Works Three couccrti grossi : :
013
;
URSPKUCH
for archlute ;Fantasias for do. Concerto contains a gigantic double fugue. Queen
;
for guitar ; Trios for two violins and violon- Anne heard it when it was given at the
cello ; Sonatas for flute, Fetis. — Chapel Royal, St. James's, and presented
URSPRUCH, ANTON, born at Frank- Handel with a pension of £200 per annum.
fort-on-the-Main, Feb. 17, 1850, still living, For thirty years this work was per-
1890. Pianist, pupil of Ignaz Lacliner formed at St. Paul's, alternately with
and of Martin Wallenstein, later of Raflf and Purcell's Te Deum, for the benefit of "The
Liszt was for several years instructor at
; Sons of the Clergy." The Te Deum and
Hoch's Conservatorium, Frankfort, and the Jubilate were first published by Arnold ;
since 1887 has been at Raff's Conserva- and an incorrect edition of the latter was
torium there. Works Der Sturm, opera, : printed by Breitkopf & Hilrtel Chrysan- ;
given at Frankfort, 1888 Symphony Con- ; ; der's edition (ib., Leipsic, 18G9). Handel
certo for pianoforte Quartet for pianoforte wrote five other Te Deums I. in B. (1718-
;
:
and strings Trio Variations and fugue 19), and H. in A (1719-20), both composed
; ;
on a theme by Bach, for 2 pianofortes for the Duke of Chandos (Chrysander's

;
Choruses, songs, etc. Riemann. — edition, Leipsic, 1872) IH. in (1720) ; D

URVASI, opera, text Queen Caroline's Te Deum (1737)
by Alfred Godel, IV. ;
music by Wilhelm Kienzl, represented at V. Dcttingen Te Deum (1743).— Chrysander,

Dresden, Feb. 20, 188G. It obtained a Handel, i. 387 Rockstro, do., 84 Grove, ; ;
considerable success. The libretto is an iv. G9.

adaptation of a drama by Kalidasa. UTTENDAL (Uttendaler, Uttenthal),
rSIGLIO, EMILIO, born at Parma, ALEXANDRE, Flemish composer of the
Italy, Jan. 8, 1811, still living, 1890. Dra- IGth century, died at Innsi3ruck, May 8, 1581.
matic composer, pupil in Florence of Teo- He passed the greater part of his life in Ger-
dulo Mabellini. Works La locandiera, many, and was chamber musician and later
:
opei-a buffa, Turin, 18G1 Un' eredita in Kapellmeister to Archduke Ferdinand of

;
Corsica, Milan, 18G1 Le educande di Sor- Austria at Innspruck. Works Seven psalmi
; :
rento, Florence, 18G8 La scommessa, ib., poenitentiales (Nuremberg, 1570) 3 books

; ;
1870 ;Le donne curiose, Madrid, 1879. of motets (ib., 1570-77) 3 masses for 5 and ;
— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 595. G voices, and Magnificats for 4 voices (ib.,
UTHAL, drame-lyrique in one act, text 1573) Fruliche neue teutsche und fran- ;
by Saint- Victor, music by Mehul, first rep- zosische Lieder, etc. (ib., 1574) Motets in ;
resented at the Thefitre Feydeau, Paris, Joannelli's Novus thesaurus musicus (Ven-
May 17, 180G. The subject is from Ossian. ice, 15G8).—Van der Straeten, iii. 242.
The opera was given in Berlin, German trans- UTTINI, FRANCESCO, born in Bologna,
lation by Herklots, Oct. 3, 1808, with Herr Italy, about 1720, died at Stockholm in
Blume as Uthal and Mmo Schick as Malvina 179G. Dramatic composer, pupil of San-
;
—
and in Vienna, Jan. 15, 1810. Allgem. dori and of Perti became in 1743 a mem- ;
mus. Zeitg., xi. 45 xii. 331. ;

ber of the Accademia Filarmonica, of which
UTRECHT TE DEUM, composed by he was principe in 1751. He lived for
Handel to celebrate the Peace of Utrecht some time in London, and in 1774 went to
(1713), first performed in London, July 7, Stockholm, where he was Kapellmiistare to
1713, probably at St. Paul's Cathedral. the king until 1795, when he was pensioned.
The solos were sung by Messrs. Hughes, Works II xh pastore Aline, Drottning : ;
Elford, and Gates. The autograph score, af Golconda, Stockholm, 1775 Aeneas pa ;
in Buckingham Palace, is dated Jan. 14, Karthago, ib., 1790 Thetis och Peleus, ib., ;
1712. This, Handel's first great English 1790 Choruses to the tragedy Athalia.
;
work, is followed by a Jubilate, which Fetis Mendel. — ;
514
; ;
VACCAJ
VACCAJ, NICCOLO, born at Tolentino, VACCARI, FRANCESCO, born in Mo-
Papal States, March 15, 1790, died dena in 1773, died in Portugal after
at Pesaro, Aug. 5, 1848. Dramatic 1823. Violinist, music at played diflacult
composer, pupil of Jannaconi, in Rome, sight when only seven was a years old ;
where he embraced music as a profession, pupil of Nardini at Florence, from 1783,

although he had gone there to study law. and appeared in public at Mantua a few
In 1811 he went to Naples to study dramatic years later. After playing with success in
composition under Paisiello. He brought the principal cities of Italy, he lived several
out his first oj)era in 1814, and presently years in Milan, entered the service of the
became widely known as a popular composer king of Spain in 1804, and in 1808 began
of ballets and operas he was a favourite ; to travel again. Having visited Paris and
vocal teacher first in Venice, then in Trieste Germany, he went to Lisbon in 1815, then
in 1821, in Vienna in 1823, in Paris in 1829, to Madrid, where he once more occupied an
and London in 1832. He returned to Italy advantageous position at court until 1823,
after the revolutionary troubles of 1830 had when he returned to Portugal. Works :
subsided, and resumed dramatic composi- Duos for violins ; Variations for violin and
tion. He was elected professor of compo- pianoforte Potpourri for do.
; L'ficos- ;
sition, and censor at the Conservatorio in saise,nocturne for do. Fetis Mendel. — ;
Milan in 1838, succeeding Basili. While at VACHET (Le Vacher), PIERRE JEAN,
the Conservatorio he gave up dramatic com- born in Paris, Aug. 2, 1772, died there in
position and wrote only for the church in 1819. Violinist, pupil of Andre Monin, ;
1844 he resigned his position, and retired to and of Viotti in 1791 he went to Bor- ;
Pesaro. —
Works Ojieras I solitari di deaux, where he played first violin in the
:
Scozia, Naples, 1814 Malvina, Venice, orchestra, returned to Paris in 1794, and
;
1815 n lupo d' Ostenda, ib., 1817 Pietroil was a member of the orchestra successively
; ;
Grande, ossia il geloso alia tortura, opera at the Vaudeville, the Feydeau, and the
buffa, Parma, 1824 La pastorella feudata- Opera. Works Trios for 2 violins and
; :
ria, Turin, 1824 Zadig ed Astartea, Naples, bass Airs varies for violin and violoncello
; ;
1825 Giulietta e Eomeo, Milan, 1826 Le Duos for violins Many airs varies for vio-
; ; ;
fucine di Norvegia, ib. 1827 Giovanna d' lin solo Pots-pourris for do.
; Romances. ; ;
Arco, Venice, 1827 Bianca di Messina, Tu- ; Ft'tis. —

rin, 1828 Satadino, Florence, 1828 Saulle,
; VACHON, PIERRE, born at Aries in ;
Milan, 1829 II Marco Visconti La Gio- 1731, died in Beriin in 1802.

; VioHnist,
;
vanna Gray (for Maria Malibran) La sposa pupil of Chabran in Paris, entered the ;
di Messina, Milan, about 1833 Vii'ginia, service of the Prince de Conti in 17G1,
;
Rome, 1845. Ballets : Gamma, regina di and on a journey through Germany in

Gallizia, Venice, 1817 ; Simurkan, ib., 1819 1784 became Conzertmeister to the Prince
Alessandro in Babilonia ; Ifigenia in Aulide, of Prussia. Works Operas Renaud d'Ast, — :
ib., 1820 ; 12 ariette per camera per 1' inse- Le meunier, Paris, 17G5 fisoi:)e :\ Cy there ;
gnamento del bel-canto italiano 4 romanze ; (with Trial), ib., 17GG Les femmes et le ;
postume Several detached pieces of vocal

; secret, ib., 17G7 Hii)pomone et Atalantc,
;
music Metodo pratico di canto italiano

; ib., 1769 5 concertos for violin and or-
;
per camera. With Coppola, Donizetti, chestra ; 12 quartets for strings ; G trios
Mercadante, and Pacini, he wrote the funeral for do. ; 12 sonatas for violin and bass.
cantata : In morte di Maria Malibran, per- — Fetis.
formed at La Scala, Milan, March 17, 1837. VA, CRUDELE. See Xorma.
— Fctis ; do., Supplement, ii. 590 ; Itie- VA, DAL FUROR PORT.VT.\, aria for
mann ; Mendel. tenor with orchestra, in C, text from Metas-
515
; ;
VADO
tasio's Ezio, music by Mozart, composed in 9, 1842. The libretto of this opera, which
Loudou in 17G5. Breitkopf k Hiirtel, Mo- was unsuccessful, was based on sketches
zart Werke, Serie vi., No. 1. —Kuchel, Ver- which Richard Wagner sold to Leon Pillet,
zeicliniss, No. 21. director of the Paris Opera. See Derjlie-

VA, DIT-ELLE, MON ENF.iNT. See gende Hollander.
Bobert le Diable. VAL D'ANDORRE, LE (The Vale of An-
VADO MA DOVE ? O DEI ! aria for so- dorra), drame-lyrique in three acts, text by
prano Avith orchestra, in E-flat, by Mozart, Saint-Georges, music b}' Halevy, first rep-
comjiosed in Vienna in October, 1789. resented at the Opera Comique, Paris, Nov.
Breitkopf «fc Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie vi., 11, 1848. The scene is placed in the Pyre-
—
No. 44. Kocbel, Verzeichniss, No. 583 ;
nees and the story is a sinfjjle one of peas-
Andro, No. 5G. ants and chamois hunters. The opera, which
VAET (Vaedt, Waet), JACQUES (Jacob), was successful, was revived at the Theatre
Flemish composer of the IGtli century, died Lyrique, Paris, in October, 18G0. Score
in Vienna, Jan. 8, 15G7. sometimes published by Brandus k Cie (Paris, 1848).
He is
confounded with Jacques or Giacche de Clement et Larousse, G87. —

Wert, his contemporary. Vaet wrote a mo- VALENTINI, GIOVANNI, born in the
tet in laudem serenissimi principis Ferdi- second half of the IGth century, died (?).
nandi, Ai'chiducis Austria}, about 152G, and Organist at the imperial court of Vienna
another, in laudem invictissimi Romauorum about 1G15. Works Motetti a sei voci :
imperatoris Maximiliani H., about 1504, (Venice, IGll); Musiche concertate a G, 7,

both printed in Joannelli's Novus thesau- 8, 9 e 10 voci ossia instrumenti (Venice,
rus musicus (Venice, 15G8), which contains 1G19) Musiche a 2 voci col basso per or- ;
also the motet in obitum Jacobi Vaet, writ- gano (Venice, 1G22) Sacri concertati (Ven- ;
ten by Jacques Regnard. He was apiôint- ice, 1G25) Musiche da camera, etc., a 2, 3, ;
ed imperial Kapellmeister, Dec. 1, 15G4, 4, 5 e G voci, lib. quarto (Venice, 1G21)

after a long life spent in the service of the Libro quinto, ib. (1G22). Masses, Magnifi-
court of Austria. Works 25 motets in the cat, and Psalms for 24 voices in G choirs.
:
Novus thesaurus (15G8). Other motets, Stabat Mater and a Magnificat for 24 voices
sententiie pisp, chansons, etc., appear in the (1G20), were in the Abbate Santini's collec-
several collections of Tylman Susato, Mon- tion. Some of his pieces are in the Par-
tanus, Phalesius, and Buchaw. A French nassus
Ferdinandseus of Berga- musicus
chanson for four voices. Amour leal, is meno (Venice, 1G15). Fetis Larousse — ; ;
found in Le jardin musical (Waelrant and Van der Straeten, i., 24, 29, 33, 34; Rie-
I
Laet, Antwerp, 155G). His 8-voice Te Deum mann Mendel Gerber. ;

; ;
and a Miserere in 5 parts are considered his VALENTINI, PIETRO FRANCESCO, j
masterpieces. Some of his works are pre- born in Rome in the second half of the
served among the archives of the Pontifical IGth century, died there in 1G54. One of
Chapel, Rome and Gevaert found his mo- the most learned contrapuntists and com-
;
tets with those of other Flemish composers posers of the Roman school, pupil of G.
in the archives of Toledo, Spain, in 1850. M. Nanini. He was author of several
— Fetis ; Van der Straeteu, i. 119 ; two of which, special-
iii. 197 celebrated canons,
V. 79 ; vi. 39 Mendel Gerber.
; ; ly mentioned by Burney and Hawkins,
VAISSEAU FANTOME, LE (The Phan- were inserted by Kircher in his Musurgia.
tom Ship), French opera in two acts, text by They arc entitled Canone di Pier Fran- :
Feucher and Revoil, music by Pierre Louis cesco Valentini Romano sopra le parole
Philippe Dietsch, first represented at the del Salve Regina illos tuos miscricordes
Academie Royale de Musique, Paris, Nov. oculos ad nos converte, etc. (Rome, 1629),
nic
;
VALLAPERTA
with the resolution in more than two Tartini considered him the best Italian or-
thousand ways, for 2-5 voices Canone ; ganist of his time. He succeeded Calegari
nel nodo di Salomone a 96 voci (Rome, as maestro di cappella of the cathedral,
1631). The other canons are Canone a 6, and occupied that position until his death.
10, 20 voci (ib. 1615) Canoni musici (ib., Burney saw him in Rome in 1770, and was
;
1655). Other works La mitra, favola shown a large collection of his MSS., nearly
:
greca versificata, etc. (Rome, 1651) La all of which remained unpublished, and
;
trasformazione di Dafne, favola morale, etc., were preserved in the Cathedral of Padua.
(ib., 1651) 2 books of madrigali (Rome, He was the master of Abt Vogler, and of
;
1654) ; 4 books of motets for one voice and Sabbatini. "Works Among his printed :
instruments 4 do., for 2, 3, and 4 voices works are, Responsoria in Parasceve 4 voc.
;
(Rome, 1655) Canzonette spirituali (2 (Mayence) Responsoria in sabbato sancto

; ;
books, ib., 1655) Ditto for 2 and 3 voices (ib.); Re.sponsoria in Coena Domini, 4 vo-
;
(4 books, 1656) Musiche spirituali per la cibus. Ho was a theoretical writer and
;
Nativita di N. S. Gesu-Cristo, 1 and 2 had begun a large work on music, the first
voices (2 books, Rome, 1657) Other books volume of which was published with the
;
of Canzonette, litanies and motets (1657). title Delia scieuza teorica e pratica della :
— Fetis Grove
; Bui'ney, Hist., iii. 522
; modenia musica (Padua, 1779). His death
;
Hawkins, iv. 78 Ambros, Gesch., iv. 121 prevented the finishing of this work, which
; ;
Gerber Schilling Riemann Mendel.

; ; Padre Martini has treated of in his letters
;
VALLAPERTA, GIUSEPPE, born at (Memorie storiche del P. Giamb. ^lartiui,

Melzo, near Milan, March 18, 1755, died in 113). —Fetis ; Larousse, xiv. 750 ; Burney,
Milan in 1829. Church composer, taught Hist., 576 iv. ; Gerber ; Schilling, vi.738;
the pianoforte at Venice until 1789, when Riemann, 954 ; Mendel, x. 447.
he went to Dresden ; was called to Parma VALSE DE L'OMBRE, LA. Sec Fanhm
in 1790, to write a festival cantata, and in de Ploermel.
1793 became maestro di cajipella at Aquila, VAMPYR, DER (The Vampire), roman-
in the Abruzzi. In 1803 he settled in Mi- tic German Opera in two acts, text by
lan. —
"Works Oratorios Ezechia II tri- Wilhelm August Wohlbriick, music by Hein-
: ;
onfo di Davidde II voto di Jefte. Masses, rich Marschner, first represented in Leipsic,
;
3 Requiems, 6 Miserere, etc. — Futis. March 28, 1828. The action is placed in
VALLOTTI, FRANCESCO ANTONIO, Scotland, and the libretto is a species of
born at Vercelli, Piedmont, June 11, 1697, melodrama, in which the hero is the vassal
died at Padua, Jan. 16, 1780. Organist, of a demon, Eblis. He pursues fair maid-
contrapuntist, and composer of church mu- ens, who escape his clutches and are finally
sic,considered one of the foremost of Italy united to their lovers. This opera, which bo-
from 1750. While studying at a theologi- longs to the same class as Weber's Der Frei-
cal seminary he learnt music from a teacher schiitz, was first given in London at the En-
named Brissone he joined the Franciscan

; glish Opera House, in three acts, translation
order and after studying theology in Milan, by Planche, Aug. 25, 1829. It was revived
was sent by his superiors to Padua to study in Vienna in 1884 with Herr Reichmaim in
music under Calegari. He adopted this the title-role, and was enthusiastically re-
master's new theory of harmony, and al- ceived. The overture was given at a concert
though he afterwards studied in Rome of the New York Philharmonic Society in the
(1728), he did not give up the new princi- season of 1853-54. —
Allgcm. mus, Zeitg.,
ples. On his return to Padua he became XXX. 253, 209 Berliner mus. Zeitg., v. 216,
;
organist of the church of S. Antonio, and 265, 271, 282 vi. 167 Harmonicon (1829),
; ;
became celebrated for his compositions 261 Mus. Wochenblatt (1884), 57, 69, 85.
;
;
VAMPYR
VAMPYR, DER, romantic opera in three on the organ and in counterpoint. He knew
acts, text by Caesar Max Heigel, music Thalberg and Henri Herz, and derived
by Peter Josef von Lindpaiutner, first much benefit from their advice he played ;
represented in Stuttgart, in August, 1828. in concerts in Belgium, Paris, and London.

The subject is the same as that of Marsch- Works : Six masses ; Several cantatas with
ner's opera, of the same title. It was orchestra Many motets Te Deum Psalms
; ; ;
given inMunich, Oct. 9, 1828 in Vienna, Versets for the organ Quartets, preludes
; ;
Sept. 1, 1829; and in BerUn in 1830. and fugues for do. 48 etudes for do. ; ;
The score was published by Peters (Leip- Concerto for pianoforte £tudes de con- ;
sic, 1828) ; overture for the pianoforte cert, for do. ; Sonatas, fugues, etc., for do. ;
for four hands (ib., 1828). — Allgem. mus. Choruses. — Fetis, Supplement, ii. 599.
Zeitg., xxxi. 96, 111, 131, 312, 321 ; Per- VAN DEN BROECK, OTTO, born at
liner mus. Zeitg., vii. 385. Ypres, Flanders, in 1759, died at Passy, near
VAN BOOM. See Boom. Paris, in 1832. Virtuoso on the horn, pupil
VAN BUGGENHOUT, fJsULE, bora at of F. Banneux, andat The Hague of Span-
Brussels in 1825, still living, 1890. Clari- deau also in harmony of Fuchs and later,
;
netist, pupil at the Brussels Conservatoire, at Amsterdam, of Schmidt in counterpoint.

where he won the first clarinet prize in He appeared with success in Paris in 1788,
1811, and in composition pujiil of Fctis. was in the orchestra of the Theatre de Mon-
For several years solo clarinetist of the sieur in 1789-95, then in that of the Opera
king's military music, he became director until 1816, when he retired with a pension.
of the Philarmonic Society at Arlon, Lux- Appointed professor at the Conservatoire,
embourg, and inspector of the musical soon its foundation, he was included in the
cieties of that province. Works Mar- reductions made afterwards in the corj^s :
guerite, opera, in three acts, Brussels, of instructors. Works Operas: La res- —

about 1815 Le vingt-cinquieme anniver- semblance supposee, Colin et Colette, Paris,
;
saire, cantata, 1856 (gold medal) About Theatre Beaujolais, 1788 Le codicile, ou ; ;
100 concert pieces for full orchestra, or les heritiers, Theatre Montansier, 1793 ;
for wind instruments Choruses for male La fille ermite. Theatre Louvois, 1796 Les
; ;
voices. —
Fetis Mendel. ; Incas, ou les Espagnols dans la Floride,
VAN DEN ACKER, JEAN, born at melodrama, 1797 Le genie Asouf, 1798 ; ;
Antwerp in 1828, still living, 1890. Vio- L'anniversaire, ou la fete de la souverainete,

linist, for many years chef d'orchestre at lyric scene, 1798 2 concertos for horn 2 ; ;
the Flemish theatre (Nationael Tonneel) of symphonies concertantes for do. Duos for ;
Antwerp, where ho brought out the follow- do. 3 duos concertants for do. and clari- ;
ing operas Vijf jaar gewacht, 1855 Ten net Concerto for clarinet 3 quartets for
: ; ; ;
Aventuur van Keizer Karel, 1856 De horn and strings 6 do. for flute and ; ;
Dorpsmeeting, 1857 De Zinnelooze van strings Method for horn. Fetis.

; ; —
Ostade, 1857 Jacob Bellamy, 1857 Moor
; VAN DEN EEDEN, JEAN BAPTISTE, ;
en Crispijn, 1858 Romeo en Marielle, born at Ghent, Dec. 26, 1812, still living,
;
1859 Het Lied van Margot, 1859

; Ha- 1890. Instrumental and vocal composer, ;
geroos de Geitenwachtster, 1802 Van Dyck pupil at the Conservatoires of Ghent and
;
te Saventhem, 1863 Koppen en Letteren, Brussels, where he won the second prize in
;
1866.— Fetis, Suppk'ment, ii. 599. 1865, and the prix de Rome in 1869, with
VAN DEN BERGHE, PHILIPPE, bora his cantata Faust's laatste Nacht. After
at Menin, Belgium, in 1822, still living, travelling in France, Germany, and Italy,
1890. Amateur composer and virtuoso on he was for some time settled at Assisi, and
the pianoforte, pupil of Ferdinand Hiller is now director of the £cole de musique at
618
;; ;
VAN
Mods, Belgium, Works : Le vent, cantata, VAN DER GHINSTE, PIERRE, born at
18G5 Cantata for the unveiling of Grisar's Courtrai in 1789, died there, Oct. 21, 1861.
;
statue, Antwerp Le Jugeraent dernier, Church composer, for many years maitre de
;
oratorio, Malines, 1867 Brutus, historic chapelle of the grande eglise in his native
;
oratorio ; La lutte au XVIme siecle, sym- city. He is the author of the first Flemish
phonic composition Marche des esclaves, opera given in public Het pruissisch Sol-
; :
for orchestra Symphonic scherzo ;Judith, daten-Kwartier, Courtrai, 1810. Other ;
ou le siege de Bethulie, grand scene for 3 works 3 masses Requiem Ave Maria, : ; ;
voices Les couronnes, chorus

; Vader- with orchestra Regina coeli Pianoforte ; ; ;
landsche Volksliederen ; G chants patrio- pieces ; Theme varie for pianoforte and
tiques ; Sonate-offertoire for oi-gan ; 4 pre- harp. —Fetis, Supplement, ii. 601.
ludes for do. ; Pianoforte pieces. —Fetis, VAN DER HAGEN, AÎAND JEAN
Supplement, ii. 601 ; Viotta. FRANgOIS JOSEPH, born at Antwerp in
VAN DEN GHEYN, IMATTHIAS, bora 1753, died in Paris in July, 1822. Clari-
at Tirlemont, Brabant, April 7, 1721, died at netist, pupil of his uncle (an oboe player
Louvain, June 22, 1783. Organist and
and in composition of Pierre caril- at Brussels),
lonneur, received his musical education at van went to Paris in 1785, Maldere ;
Louvain, and may possibly have been a pupil entered the band of the French Guard,
of the Abbe Raick, whom he succeeded, in and in 1788 became its band-master.
1741, as organist of St. Peter's, in that city After the revolution he belonged succes-
in 1745 he won by competition the place of sively to the bands of the National Guard,
city carillonneur, in which capacity he be- the Guard of the Directory, the Consul,
became quite as famous as an organist. antl Emperor. After Najjoleon's downfall,
Works Fondements de la basse continue, he entered the orchestra of the Theatre
:
etc., et douze jjetites sonates, etc. (Louvain) Franyais. Works Suites d'harmonie mili- :
6 divertissements pour clavecin (London) taire 2 symphonies militaires Pot-pourri ; ; ;
preludes, fugues, rondos, etc., in the library for full orchestra ; Concertos for the flute ;
of the Conservatoire at Brussels ; Traitc do. for clarinet Duos ; for flutes ; Airs va-
d'harmonie (1783).—Van Elewyck, M. Van ries for do.; Duos for clarinets ; Airs va-
den Gheyn, etc. (Paris, 1862) ; Fetis. ries and pot-pourris for do.; Methods for
VAN DER DOES, KAREL, born at flute and clarinet. Fetis. —
Amsterdam, March 6, 1817, died at The VAN DER LINDEN, C, born at Dord-
Hague, Jan. 30, 1878. Pianist and dra- recht, in 1839, still living, 1890. In-
matic composer, studied at first in his native strumental and vocal composer, pupil of
city, then pupil of Rummel at Bieberich, Bohme in harmony and counterpoint, and
Nassau. On his return he was made pian- of Kwast on the pianoforte composed ;
ist to the king of the Netherlands. From four-part choruses, when only seven years
1838 to 1874 he was professor at the royal old, before ever having had any instruction.
The Hague. Orders of After finishing his studies, he visited Brus-
school of music, at
the Lion, the Golden Lion of Nassau, and sels, Liege, and Paris, and in 1862 returned
of Leopold Commander, Order of the to his native city, where he conducted sev-
;
Oaken Crown. — Operas-comiques

eral choral societies, the Kunstmin phil-
Works :
L'esclavage de Camoens, The Hague, about harmonic society, and the band of the Na-
1850 Lambert Simnel, ib., 1851
; La tional Guard. Works Teniers, opera Le ;
: ;
trompette de monsieur le prince La ven- mariage au tambour, do. Overtures ; ;
detta Le roi do Bohemo

; Le vieux Choruses with orchestra IMelodies ;
Ar- ; ;
chateau ; L'amant et le frCire, 1855. — Fetis ;

rangements for military band. —Fetis, Sup-
Viotta. plement, ii. 601.
619
, ;
VAN
VAN DER PLANCKEN, CORNEILLE, he conducted the festival of the Music
born at Brussels, Oct. 23, 1772, died there, Teachers' National Association at Indian-
Feb. 9, 1849. Virtuoso on the vioUn and apolis and gave a series of concerts devoted
clarinet player, pupil of Eugene Gode- to native American composers. Works :
charle was much esteemed by Viotti, who, Ballet, given at Theatre Royal, Antwerp,
;
whenever he passed through Brussels, 187-4 Gloria, chorus and orchestra, Cathe-
;
stopped at his house to play with him. dral, ib., 1875 Te Deum and two Tantum ;
From 1797 ho was first violin of the Grand ergo for soli, chorus, and orchestra, St.
Theatre for about twenty years, and was also Jacob's Church, ib., 1876 Jugendliebe, 1st ;
first violin in the orchestra of William of series of songs (Schlesinger, Berlin, 1877) ;
Orange. Several concertos for vioHn, and 3 choruses for male voices (Kistner, Leip-
a concerto for clarinet, with orchestra, re- sic, 1878) 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th series of
;
main in manuscript. Fetis. — songs (Kistner, 1879-81) Music to Shake- ;
VAN DER STUCKEN, FRANK VA- speare's " Tempest," for soli, chorus, and
LENTIN, born at orchestra, Stadttheater, Breslau, 1882 Mu- ;
Freder i c k s b u r g sic to the \\Y\c drama Vlasda, for soli, cho-

Gillespie County, rus and orchestra, 1883 3 pianoforte com- ;
Texas, Oct. 15, positions (Siegel, Leipsic, 1883) ; 3 piano-

1858. His father forte miniatures (Luckhardt, Berlin, 1885)
was a Belgian and Festival March, for orchestra, 1885 Festi- ;
his mother a Ger- val Hymn, for male chorus and orchestra,
man in 1867 his comjDOsed for cornei'-stone laying of new
;
parents returned Arion building, 1886 Arion Inauguration ;
to Euroj)e and he March, for inauguration of new Arion build-

spent his school ing, 1887 Pagina d' amore, episode for or-
;
days in Antwerp, chestra, with choruses and songs (Schirmer,

where studied hai-mony, countei-point, New York).
fugue, and composition
instrumentation, VAN DER VELPEN, JEAN BAPTISTE,
under Peter Benoit. In 1877 ho went to born at Mechlin, Feb. 18, 1834, still living,
Leipsic and spent two years in musical 1890. Instrumental and vocal composer,
study in 1879-81 he visited Austria, Italy, pupil at the Brussels Consei-vatoire of
;
Switzerland, and Paris, and in 1881-82 was Lemmens on the organ, of Bosselet in har-
Kapellmeister of the Stadttheater at Bres- mony, and of Fetis in fugue and composi-
lau. He then spent a year at Rudolstadt tion. He won the second prix de Rome
and Weimar, where, in October, 1883, he in 1861 with his cantata Agar dans le de-
was enabled, through the aid of Liszt, to sert. Other works Le voyage en Suisse, :
give at the Grand Ducal Theatre a concert operetta, Arion, 1873 Compositions for ;
of his own compositions. He conducted brass instruments Pianoforte pieces. Fe- ; —

performances of his own works also at Magde- tis, Supplement, ii. 603.
burg, Rudolstadt, Antwerp, and Paris. In VAN DUYSE, FLORBIOND, born at
1884, before his return to America, he was Ghent, Aug. 4, 1843, stiU living, 1890.
selected musical director of the Miiunerge- Amateur dramatic composer, lawyer by
sangverein Arion, New York in 1884-8G pi'ofession, pupil at the Conservatoire at
;
was conductor of the Novelty Concerts Ghent, where he won a prize for harmony.
at Steinway Hall, in 1886-87 of the Sym- In 1873 he was awarded the second prix de
phonic Concerts at Chickering Hall, and in Rome for his cantata Torquato Tasso's
1887 was chosen director of the Arion So- dood. Works Teniers de Grimbergen, :
ciety of Newark, New Jersey. In 1887 also Ghent, 1860 Le medallion de Mariette,;
620
; ;:
VAN
ib.,1861 Een dief in liuis, Antwerp, 1861
; living in New York five years he removed
De Zoete in val, ib., 1863 Rosalinde, ib., ; to Philadelphia, where he has taught in the
1864 ;Satan, Ghent, 1869 De ^Yilds- ; Musical Academy since 1881. He received
trooper, ib., 1870 Lena, not given. De
; a gold medal at the Concours International
Nacht, ode-syniphonie, 1867. — Fetis, Sup- de Composition Musicale, Paris, Oct. 31,
plement, ii. 603. 1872 and the Cross of the Golden Lion
;
VAN EIJSDEN (Eysden), JAKOB, born from the King of Holland in 1873. Works :
at Dordrecht, Feb. 18, 1839, stiU Uving, Fantaisie concertante, for orchestra, dedi-
1890. Instrumental and vocal composer, cated to Willem HI., King of Holland,
studied at Rotterdam, at the Brussels Con- 1867 symphonies for orchestra. No. 1,
; 2
servatoire, and in Leipsic, then settled at in C, first given by the Stumpf orchestra,
Utrecht. In 1862 he went to Gothenburg, Amsterdam, Jan. 31, 1874 The Lord reign- ;
Sweden, to conduct the orchestra of the eth, cantata, for soli, chorus, and orchestra,
theatre. Works Cantata (gold medal, Rot-
: Philadelphia Chorus Society, Jan. 12, 1887
terdam) ;Overture for orchestra Quintet ;
Sonata for the violin Chamber music ;
(prize of the Maatschappij tot bevordering Songs.

der Toonkunst) Polonaise for violin and or-
; VAN GHELUWE, LEON, born at Wan-
chestra. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 604 Viotta. negem-Lede, near Audenarde, Sept. 15,
;
VAN ELE^^^CK, XAVIER VICTOR, 1837, still living, 1890. Vocal composer,
chevalier, born at Ixelles-lez-Bruxelles, April pupil at the Ghent Conservatoire in 1856-
2i, 1825, still living, 1890. Amateur com- 59 became assistant instructor there after ;
poser and w'riter on music, settled at Lou- completing his studies, won the second
vain, where for years he has conducted the prix de Rome at Brussels in 1867, and
choir of the cathedral. Works About 50 travelled in Germany and Italy in 1868-69.
:
motets with Compositions for For several years professor at the Conser-
orchestra ;
orchestra, for brass instruments, for piano- vatoire in Ghent, he became in 1870 direc-
forte, and vocal music. He published De tor of the music school at Bruges. Works :
la musique religieuse (Brussels and Lou- Philippine van Vlaanderen, opera, Brus-
vain, 1866) De I'etat actuel de la musique sels, 1876. Cantatas De wind, Ghent,
; :
en Italic (Brussels, 1875) Mathias Van den 1866; Het woud, Brussels, 1867; Van
;
Gheyn, etc. (Paris, Brussels, and Louvain). Eyck Venise sauvee, oratorio Masses, ; ;
— ^Fetis do., SupiDlement, ii. 60-4

; Viotta. and other church music Choruses and
; ;
VAN EYKEN. See Eyken. songs. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 605 Viotta. — ;
VAN GELDER, MARTINUS, born in VANHALL. See Wanhall.

Amstei'dam, July 31, 1854, still living, 1890. VAN HERZEELE, FRANgOIS, born at
Violinist, pupil of Otto von Kunigslow in Ghent in 1830, still living, 1890. Clarinet-
Cologne, and of Alard in Paris on the vio- ist, pupil at the Conservatoire on his instru-
lin,of W. Robert in orchestration, and of ment, then of Mengal and Girschner in
Frans Coenen and Ferdinand Hiller in harmon}'.. In 1850 he entered the regiment
theory and composition. He made his de- Guides as first clarinet, and was chef of the
but in Amsterdam as conductor at an or- de musique of the twelfth regiment in 1853-
chestral concert of his own compositions 58 settled at Sotteghcm in 1861 and estab- ;
with the Stumpf orchestra, Oct. 7, 1869, lished there a music school. Works Het :
and his first appearance as a solo violinist Zomerlief, opera, Ghent, 1859 Hotse Botse, ;
at a concert in the Theatre Italien, Paris, ib., 1860 ; De schoone Kunsten in Belgio,
Dec. 23, 1872. In 1876 ho went to America cantata, ib., 1858 ; About 200 other composi-
and made his debut as a violinist at Stein- tions of various kinds. — Fetis, Supplement,
way Hall, New York, Feb. 1, 1877. After ii. 605.
D21
: ;
VAN
VAN HOEY, GUSTAVE JEAN CON- tions. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mendelssohn
STANT MAEIE, born at Mechlin, Oct. 25, Werke, Serie xi., No. G3.
1835, still 1890.
living, Dramatic com- VARNEY, PIERRE AL- JOSEPH
poser, at first studied painting, then be- PHONSE, born in Paris, Dec. 1, 1811, died
came a pupil at the Brussels Conservatoire, there, Feb. 7, 1879. Dramatic composer,
Avhere he won harmony and com- pupil of Reicha at the Conservatoire, in
prizes for
position, and 18G5 the second prix de 1832-35 immediately after went to Ghent
in ;
Rome with the cantata De wind. In 18G8 as chef d'orchestre for two years, then was
he was made director of the Academic Mu- connected with several theatres in the prov-
sicale at Mechlin, later also maitre de cha- inces and, on his return to Paris, with the
pelle of St. Peter's, there. Works— Operas Theatre Historique and in 1851 with the
Een Schilders mesdag, Brussels, 18G5 La Theatre Lyrique. In 1853 he was again in
;
Saint-Luc, ib., 18G5 Het Eerekruis, Lou- Ghent, in 1855 at The Hague, then at Rouen,
;
vain, 18G8 Le violier, Mechlin, 1872.

; Two and in 1857 Offenbach entrusted him with
grand cantatas, 18G2, 1875 Several over- ; the orchestra of the Bouffes Parisiens, of
tures; Masses with orchestra or organ; which he became director in 18G2 went to ;
Motets, offertories, etc.; Choruses for male Bordeaux as chef d'orchestre of the Grand
voices Pianoforte pieces, and songs.
; Fc- — Theatre in 18G5, and was made director and
tis, Supplement, ii. GOG. president of the Societe de Sainte-Cecile
VAN MALDI^RE, PIERRE. See Malder. there in 18G6, but resigned in 1878 and
VANNE, SORELLA INGRATA, soprano returned to Paris. He is the author of the
aria in C minor, of Radamisto, with accom- famous Chant des Girondins Mourir pour :
paniment of two oboes and strings com- la patrie, which enjoyed such popularity
plete, in Handel's Radamido, Act II., Scene during the revolution of 1848. Works :
8. In the second version of the opera this Atala, oratorio-cantata, Paris, 1848. Ope-
air is for contralto, and stands in G minor. ras-comiques and operettas : Le moulin joli,
Published also separately, with the accom- ib., 184:9 ; La quittance de minuit, ib., 1852
paniment filled out by Robert Franz (Leip- La ferme de Kilmoor, ib., 1852 ; L'opera
sic, Kistner). au camp, ib., 1854 La polka des sabots, ib.,
;
VANNUCCI, Padre DOMENICO FRAN- 1859 Une fin de bal, ib., 18G2 Une lejon
; ;
CESCO, born Lucca in 1718, died there d'amour, Bordeaux, 18G8.

at —Fetis ; do.. Sup-
in 177G. Church composer, appointed in plement, ii. G08.
17-43 maestro di cappella of the archiepis- VASCELLO FANTASMA, IL. See Flie-
copal chapel, where he taught plain-chaunt (jende Hollander.
and and was the first master of
violoncello, VA, SCIAGURATO. See Linda di Cha-
Boccherini. Most of his compositions are mounix.
preserved in the archives of the Cougrega- VA, SPECIE INFIDA, duet for 2 soprani,
ziono degli Angel Guardiaui, and of the in D minor. No. vii. of the Chamber Duets,
i
archbishop's palace. Works Oratorios —

by Handel (Hiindelgesellschaft, 32b.). Pub-
:
Abel, 1757 ; La Passione di N. S. Gesii lished also separately, with the accompa-
Cristo, 17G2 ; Four others ; 2 masses ; Mo- niment filled out by Robert Franz (Leip-
tets for Holy Week ; 9 services with full sic, Kistner).
orchestra, for the feast of St. Cecilia, 174:0- VASSEUR, (F^LIX AUGUSTIN JO-
71.— Fetis, Supplement, ii. G08. SEPH) LlÔN, born at Bapaume (Pas-de-
VARIATIONS SfiRIEUSES, for piano- Calais), May 28, 1844, still living, 1890.
forte, in D
minor, by Mendelssohn, op. 54, Dramatic composer and organist, first in-
composed in 1811, The theme is Andante structed by his father, then pupil in Paris
sostenuto, and there are seventeen varia- of Dietsch and Niedermeyer, at the latter's
522
;
VAUCORBEIL
institute for church music, which he left at VEAU D'OR, LE. See Faust, by Gounod.
the age of eighteen, having won the first VECCHI, ORAZIO, born at Modena in
prizes for pianoforte and organ. Shortly 1551, died there, Sept. 19, 1605. Madrigal
after he became organist of Saiut-Sympho- composer, pupil of the monk Salvatore Es-
rien at Versailles,and in 1870 of the cathe- senga. He entered holy orders, was made
dral. —
Works Operettas Uu fi, deux fi, : canon in 1586, and archdeacon in 1591 at
trois figurants, Paris, Alcazar, 1871 La ; Correggio he seems to have deserted his
;
timbale d'argent, Bouffes Parisiens, 1872 ;

ofiice in order to live in his native town,
La petite reine, Le grelot, ib., 1873 Le ;
and in consequence was deprived in 1595
roi d'Yvetot, Brussels, 1873 ; Les Pari- of his canonry. He was celebrated at that
siennes, Boufies Parisiens, 187-4 ; La famille date for his knowledge of plain-chaunt, and
Trouillat, Kenaissance, 187'4: ; La blanchis- was one of a committee appointed by an
seuse de Berg-op-Zoom, Folies Dramatiques, ecclesiastical vote to revise and correct the
1875 La cruche cassee, Theatre Taitbout,
; Roman Gradual published by Gardano in
1875 La Sorrentine, L'oppoponax, Boufies
;
1591. He became maestro di cappella of
Parisiens, 1877 Le droit du seigneur,
; the cathedral at Modena in 1596 went to ;
Fantaisies Parisiennes, 1878 Le billet de ; Vienna, in 1597, with Count Montecuculli in

logement, ib., 1879 Le petit Parisien, ; order to publish some of his compositions,
1882 ; Madame Cartouche, Folies Drama- notably his Amfiparnasso, the work which
tiques, 1886 Ninon, Nouveautes, 1887
; ;
made him most popular. In 1598 he was
Mam'zelle Crenom, Bouflfes Parisiens, 1888. appointed maestro di cappella, and music
L'office pour orgue, containing 2 master to the ducal family at the court of
divin
masses, anthems, etc.; Hymne a Modena through this connection his repu-
ofi'ertories, ;
Sainte-Cecile, for soprano solo, orchestra, tation became quite extended, he was re-
and organ, Versailles Cathedral, 1877 quested to compose music for the King of
Many transcriptions for organ, and some Poland, and was summoned to the court of
fantaisies for pianoforte. —
Fetis, Supple- the Emperor Rudolf H. He was at length
ment, ii. 609. supplanted in his office by the intrigues of
VAUCORBEIL (Veaucorbeille), AU- a pupil, Geminiano Capilupi, in 1604, and
GUSTE EMI^LVNUEL, born at Rouen, is said to have died of chagrin. His Amfi-
France, Dec. 15, 1821, died in Paris, Nov. parnasso, commedia harmonica, produced
2, 1884. Instrumental and vocal composer, at Modena in 1594, and published in Ven-
pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of Kuhn in ice in 1597, has been claimed as the first
solfege, of Marmontel on the pianoforte, example of real opera, but on insufficient
of Dourlen in harmony, and of Cherubini in grounds. It marks a distinct step towards
fugue and composition. He first became the creation of the idea, and is a simple
known through some vocal melodies of series of five-part madrigals sung by a
considerable merit, then won greater repu- choir, while the dramatis personro appear
tationby two string quartets. In 1872 he in masks on the stage and act in dumb
was appointed government commissioner show, or at most sing but co-ordinate parts
over the subsidized theatres of Paris, and in the madrigals but the character of the ;
in 1880 director of the Opera. Legion of work was highly original and dramatic.
Honour. Works Bataille d'amour, opera- Other works Canzouetti a 4 voci, 4 books
:
:
comique, 1863 La mort de Diane, lyric (Venice, 1580-98), afterwards collected with
;
scene Intimites, a collection of pianoforte some additions by Phalesius (1611)

;
Can- ;
pieces ;
Sonatas for vio- zouetti a 6 voci (ib., 1587) Canzonctti a 3
Quartets for strings ; ;
lin and pianoforte Vocal melodies Sacred voci (1597-99)

;
The first book is in part
;
.
airs, etc. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 610. by Capilupi, and was reprinted in the
633
;
; ;;
YECCHI
same year Nuremberg, where also a symphonies for 2 violins, viola, bass, 2
in
German was published in 1608. oboes, 2 bassoons, and 2 horns (Leipsic,
translation
Madrigali a 5 e 6 voci (1589-91), live parts 1777) 2 Russian symphonies in 8 parts ;
;
Lamentations (1587), motets, and sacrso (ib., 1771) Concerto for violin (ib., 1771) ;
cantiones (1590-1G04), another edition by 3 quartets (St. Petersburg, 1802) 24 fan- ;
Phalesius (Antwerp, 1608) Hymns and tasias for violin (1818) 24 sonatas for do.
; ;
canticles Missre, published in 1607

; Dia- with bass. Fetis Mendel Schilling. ;
— ; ;
logues Convito musicale,

;
Le veglie di VEIT, VACLAV JINDRICH, born at
Siena o\'vero I varij humori della musica Repnic, near Leitmeritz, Bohemia, Jan. 19,
moderna a 3-6 voci (1604). His madrigals 1806, died at Leitmeritz, Feb. 16, 1864.
and chansons are found in the following Instrumental and vocal composer, almost
collections Sinfonia angelica (1594) Me- entirely self-taught, while studying at Leit-
: ;
lodia Olimpica, il Lauro Verde (ib.) Tri- meritz and the University of Prague, where ;
onfo di Dori (159G) Madrigali pastorah he followed a legal career. In 1854 he be-
;
(1604) Di floridi virtuosi d' Italia (1586)

; came president of the district- court at Eger, ;
La musica da diversi autori, 5th book and in 1862 at Leitmeritz. His chamber-
(1575) H trionfo di musica, lib. i. (1579) music is of sterling merit. Works Missa
; :
Siôglia amorosa (1592). Grove, iv. 234 solemnis (Vienna, 1860) —

3 graduals Te ; ;
Ft'tis Larousse Burney, Hist., iv. 123- Deum Festival cantata Symphony for or-
; ; ; ;
126 Hawkins, iii. 194 Van der Straeten, chestra Concert overtui'e for do. 5 quin-
; ; ; ;
iii. 127 Ambros, Gesch., iii. 545 Gerber tets for strings 6 quartets for do.; Cho-
; ; ;
Schilling Riemann Mendel. ; iiises for male voices

; Songs, and piano- ;
VECCHI, ORFEO, born in Milan, 1540, forte pieces. Bohemia (Prague, 1862), 351 —
died there, 1613. Church composer, ma- (1864), 470, 512 Dalibor (Prague, 1860), ;
estro di cappella of Sta. Maria della Scala, 269; Prager Zeitg. (1864), Nos. 48-50;
where most of his masses, motets, psalms, Wurzbach.
etc., are still preserved. Works published VENITE, INGINOCCHIATEVL See :
Cantiones sacrse vocum (Antwerp, Nozze di Figaro.

sex
1603); Do., quinque vocum (ib., 1010); VENTO, IVO DE, Spanish composer of
Salmi intieri a cinque voci (Milan, 1614) ;
the second half of the 10th century. He
Motectorum qu?e in communi Sanctorum was in the service of Duke Wîlhelm of Ba-
(ib., 1603). He left also twenty other varia at Munich, and was also court organ-
books, not known at present. — Fetis ; Men- ist there from about 1568 until about 1593.
del ; Schilling. Works : Motets for 4 voices (Munich, 1569,
VEDRM CARING. See Don Giovanni. 1574) ; Do. for 5 voices (ib., 1570) Neue ;
VEICHTNER, FRANZ ADAM, born in teutsche Lieder, for 3 voices (ib., 1572,
Prussia in 1745, died in St. Petersburg (?) 1573, 1576, 1591) Do. for 4-6 voices (ib., ;
after 1818 (?). VioHnist, pupil of Franz 1570, 1571, 1582).— Fetis; Mendel.
Benda at Potsdam ; became Kapellmeister VENTO, MATTIA, born at Naples, in
at Mitau to the Duke of Courland, and after 1739, died in London, in 1777. Dramatic
the dissolution of his orchestra travelled in composer, pupil at the Conservatorio di Lo-
Italy as a virtuoso. He went afterwards as re to went in 1763 to London, where he
;
Kapellmeister to St. Petersburg. Works : was very successful with his compositions
Cephalus und Procris, cantata, Berlin, 1780 and as a pianoforte teacher. Works Op- —
Die erste Feier der Himmelfahrt Jesu, ora- eras Sofonisba, Naples, 1762 La vestale, : ;
torio ; Hymne an Gott ; 2 divertissements ib., 1763 ; H bacio, London, about 1765 ;
for About 60 symphonies, of Demofoonte,

orchestra ; ib., about 1765 La conquista ;
which the following were published 4 del Messico, : ib., about 1770 Artaserse, ;
VENTURELLI
London, 1771 ; 6 trios for strings ; 6 do. for list, first acquired reputation by a number
pianoforte ; 36 trios for do. of vocal melodies, especially the Valse de
6 sonatas for do. ;
and strings 12 canzonets for one and two Venzano, written for Mrae Gassier, who
;
voices. —
Fetis, Mendel Schilling. made it popular throughout Europe. He
;
VENTUKELLI, GIUSEPPE, bom at was first violoncello at the Teatro Carlo

Eubbiera, Modena, in 1711, died at Modena, Felice, and professor at the civic musical
May 31, 1775. Organist and church com- institute of Genoa. "Works Lidia, ballet :
poser, pupil of Riccardo Broschi. A com- (with Corradi and Olivari), ib., 18G5 Ben- ;
poser of learning rather than of genius, his venuto Cellini, do., about 1870 La notte ;
attempt to write a Stabat Mater, which was degli schiafii, opera buflfa, Genoa, 1873 La ;
to rival Pergolesi's great work, met with zingarella, for soprano with orchestra La ;
failure. Works Mass for 4 voices with in- preghiera a Sant' Anna, and other vocal
:
struments, Modena Cathedral, 1733 La melodies. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 613. ; —

Passione di Gesh Cristo, for do., 1735 2 VllPRES SICILIENNES, LES (The Si- ;
Stabat Mater for 3 voices and instruments cilian Vespers), French opera in five acts, ;
II matrimonio disgraziato, opera buffa, Mo- text by Scribe and Duveyrier, music by
dena, 1741 La moglie alia moda, inter- Verdi, first represented at the Academie
;
mezzo, ib., 1755 Masses, motets, psalms, Royale de Musique, Paris, June 13, 1855.
;
hymns, arias, cantatas Symphonies, and ;
concertos for various instruments. — Fctis ;
Mendel.
VENUS AND ADONIS, the subject of
many operas. In Italian Venus amante,
pastorale, given in
:
the Palazzo Grimani,

^1
Venice, 1598 Venere gelosa, by Francesco
;
Paolo Sacrati, Venice, 1G43 Venere caccia- ;
trice, by Francesco Sbarra, Innspruck, 1G59 ;
Venere pronuba, by Giuseppe Antonio Ber- :i^:

nabei, Munich, 1G89 La Venere travestita, ;
by Pietro Molinari, Rovigo, and Conegliano,

1G91 Venere placata, by Francesco Cour-
;
celle, Venice, 1731 Venere in Cipro, by ;
Felice Alessandri, Milan, 1779 Venere ed ;
Adone, by Francesco Bianchi, Florence,

1781. In French La uaissanco de Venus,:
by Pascal Colasse, Paris, 1G9G Venus et ;
Adonis, by Henri Desmarets, text by Jean Giglio Nordica.

Baptiste Rousseau, ib.. May, 1, 1G97 Venus, ;
ballet-opera, by Andre Campra, Versailles, action, which takes place in Sicily The
1G98 Venus et Adonis, pastorale, by J. J.
;
during the French occupation, turns on the
Cassanea de Mondonville, Paris, 1758 by massacre of the French at the hour of ves- ;
Comte Alphonse Fortia de Piles, Nancy, pers, on Easter Monday, 1282, provoked by
1784 and ballet, by Charles Bochsa, Lou-
;
the brutal conduct of the viceroy and his
don, 182G Venus und Adonis, German op-
;
troops towards the islanders. The prin-
era, by Gotfried Heinrich Stolzl, Prague, cipal characters are Guy de Montfort, the
1714. See Adone. viceroy Arrigo, a Sicilian ofiiccr (who ;
VENZANO, LUIGI, born at Genoa in turns out to be Montfort's son, in love with
1815, died there, Jan. 27, 1878. Violoncel- Helene); the Duchesse Hcleue, a hostage in
;;
VERA
the hands of the French John of Procida, Pisendel, the king's Conzertmeister, the
;
a Sicilian who, with Arrigo, heads the re- latter revenged himself by causing one of
volt against the French. Sophie Cruvelli his concertos to be studied by a mediocre
achieved great success as Hclune at the first violinist until he played it to perfection,
representation,Gueymard sang the part of and then defying Veracini to play it at sight.
Arrigo, and Bonnehi'e that of Guy de Although the virtuoso acquitted himself
Montfort. The work was translated into honorably, the other played it after him
Italian and given, under the title Giovanna with an assurance and finish that so morti-
de Gusman, at La Scala, Milan, Feb. 4, fied Veracini that he fell seriously ill and,
185G. It was first given in London at in a paroxysm of fever, threw himself out
Drury Lane, July 27, 1859, with Tietjens, of the window, breaking, however, only his
Mongini, and Vialetti in the cast, and first leg. After his recovery he left Dresden,
in New York, Nov. 7, 1859, with Mme Col- lived for a long time at Prague in the ser-
son, Brignoli, Junca, and Ferri. The over- vice of Count Kinsky, and went to London
ture had been previously used for the again in 173G, but did not meet with the
opera Giovanna d' Arco, Milan, Feb. 15, same success as formerly. He returned to
1845.— Pougin, Verdi (Matthews), 158 Cle- Italy in 1747, and retired to a small house-
;
ment et Larousse, G93 Revue et gaz. mus. hold near Pisa.

; He left in manuscript
de Paris (1855), 185 Athenteum (1855), several concertos, and symphonies for two
;
1248 (1859), ii. 183 Grove, iv. 250.

; ; violins, viola, violoncello, and basso contin-
VERA, EDUARDO, born (in Rome?), uo, and pubhshed two collections of twelve
about 1825, still living, 1890. Dramatic sonatas each, for violin and bass. Fetis —
composer, son of the famous singer Carlotta Mendel Schilling. ;
Noeser (died 18GG), who married the Ro- VERCKEN DE VREUSCHMEN, LfiON,
man lawyer Vera. He won great reputa- born at Liege, Oct. 15, 1828, still living,
tion as a singing teacher, not only in Italy, 1890. Amateur composer and musical
where he taught the Princess Margherita critic studied law, and filled various posi-
;
of Savoy, now Queen of Italy, but also in tions of trust at Antwerp in the service of
London, where he was settled several years financial and railway companies. Works :
before returning to Rome. Works : Adria- La legende du diable, opera-comique, Ant-

na Lecouvreur, opera, ]\Iilan, 1843 ; Anelda werp, 1865 Le chemin de Venise, do., not
;
di Messina, do., ib., Oct. 17, 1843, Lisbon, given Le mystere, do. (unpublished)
; A ;
1858 ; Valeria, do., Bologna, 18G9. Vocal la mer, operetta, Brussels, 1871 Pierrot ;
melodies. — Fc'tis, Supplement, ii. G13. fantome, do., Paris, Athenee, 1873 Les ;
VERVCIXI, FRANCESCO MARIA Levites du Temple, for chorus, soli, and

(called II Fiorentino), born in Florence, in orchestra, Antwerp, 1863 ; Le tambour sur
1685, died near Pisa in 1750. Virtuoso on mer, cantata for do.; Motets for 4 voices
the violin, looked upon in Italy as the fore- and orchestra, Antwerp cathedral, 1863
most after Corelli's death. At the age of Marche inaugurale, Lille, 1870. —Fetis,
nineteen he appeared in Venice with such Supplement, ii. 613.
brilliant success that Tartini retired dis- VERDELOT (Verdelotto), PHILIPPE,
couraged to Ancona, to resume serious stud- Flemish composer of the early part of the
ies. In the same year (1714) ho went to 16th century. He appears to have settled
London, where he won success and remained in Italy as early as 1526, and to have re-
two years then to Dresden in 1720 and
; sided in Florence between 1530 and 1540.
was made composer and chamber virtuoso He was also a singer in the choir of San
to the king of Poland. Offending by his ]\Iarco in Venice, and Guicciardini classes
unbounded pride other artists, especially him amoner musicians who died before the
52G
VERDI
year 1567. His last publication is dated dealer, with whom his father had dealt for
1549, He is commemorated by Cosmo years, and who took a lively interest in the
Bartoli as his friend and as a composer, boy. In 1831, when
and by Vincenzo Galilei, who printed two Verdi was eighteen, Ba-
lute pieces by him in his Fronimo ZarUno ; rezzi prevailed upon
and Ponzio also mention him as one of the Monte di Pietu, at
the noted musicians of that time, but none Busseto, to join with
of them furnish any data regarding his life himself in making up a
or place of residence. Willaert thought so purse to send him to
highly of him as to arrange some composi- study in Milan. But
tions of his in tablature for lute and solo when the young mu-
voice (1536). His works had reached France sician applied for a
and were printed in French collections as scholarship at the Conservatorio there,
early as 1530. The oldest editions of his Basilj, who was then director at the insti-
works are Verdelotto madrigali a 4 voci tution, saw too little talent in him to war-
:
(in Venetia, Ottaviano Scotto, 1537), now in rant his admission, and Verdi consequently
the Conservatorio, Bologna H secondo lib. began private lessons in composition and
;
de madrigali di Verdelotto (1537), in the instrumentation under Lavigna, maestro al

Eoyal Library at Munich, where are also cembalo at La Scala. In 1833 Provesi died
the 3d and 4th books (1537, 1538). Other in Busseto, and the Monte di Pietu invited
editions were published by Gardano in Verdi back to succeed him as organist and
Venice in 1541, 1546, 1549, 1556, 1560, maestro di cappella at the cathedral, and as
1561. His madrigals were included in all conductor of the Societa Filarmonica, aa
the celebrated collections of France, Bel- had been the original agreement when the
gium, Italj', and Germany. His church money was raised to send him to Milan.
compositions were found also at Toledo, Although he felt that a larger career
among those of other Flemish composers, awaited him in Milan, he immediately re-
—
by Gevaert in 1850. Grove, iv. 239 iii. turned to Busseto, where the Filarmonica
;
261 ;Fetis Burney, Hist., iii. 301

; Van welcomed him with open arms, but the
;
der Straeten, vi. 321, 366 vii. 125 Ger- churchwardens of the cathedral refused to
; ;
ber Riemann Mendel.

; ;
accept him, giving the post to one Giovanni
VERDI, (FORTUNmO) GIUSEPPE Ferrari. This so enraged the Filarmonica
(FRANCESCO), born that it refused to allow its orchestra to play
at Roncole, near Bus- any more at the cathedral, and led to some
seto (Parma), Oct. 9, riots, which ended in the temporary sup-
1813, still living, 1890. pression of the society. In 1836 Verdi

Dramatic composei*, married Margherita Barezzi, his benefactor's
son of the innkeeper eldest daughter and in 1838 he, with wife
;
in his native village ;

and two children, set out for Milan in hopes
received his early mu- of having an opera performed. In 1839 his
sical education from Oberto, conte di S. Bonifacio, was brought
local musicians, first out with success at La Scala. His next
at Roncole (where he became organist at one, Un giorno di regno, failed in 1840, but
the age of ten), and then at Busseto, where in 1842 his Nabucco made a resounding
Ferdinando Provesi, maestro di cappella success, and really founded his reputation,
and organist at the cathedral, was his chief which was only increased by I Lombardi
teacher. He was
helped also by one Anto- and Ernani. Then followed a pretty long
nio Barezzi, a prosperous grocer and liquor list of half successes or complete fiascos,
627
;
VEKDI
interrupted only by the triumph of Luisa works were failures. His enormous repu-
Miller in Naples in 1849, until in 1851 his tation may be said to rest entirely upon
most brilliant period was ushered in by seven or eight ojDcras and the Manzoni Re-
Rigoletto, in Milan. and the whole list of his operas
This, together with its quiem,
immediate followers, II and La numbers twenty-eight.
trovatore Verdi's melodic
traviata, has generally been considered his power is often, but by no means invari-
finest as well as his most successful work. ably, great he is a poor harmonist, and
;
But La traviata was followed by another even in liis earlier works, simple as his har-
series of comi^lete or partial failures. In mony is, it is rarely pure and correct. His
18G2, with La forza del destino, Verdi began style is in general slipshod and vulgar,
to evince a tendency towards a more elab- his instrumentation thin and noisy and, if ;
orate style ; this was still more marked in in his later works he has taken more pains
with his writing, his fondness for crashing
effects and sharp dynamic contrasts has
never him. His knowledge of the hu-
left
man voice was always great but his im- ;
mense popularity, in spite of all his short-

comings and excesses, rests mainly upon the
genuine passionate warmth and dramatic
power of his music. He is, par excellence,
the composer of passion, fury, and tragic
terror. Works. I. Operas Oberto, conte :
di San Bonifacio, Milan, Nov. 17, 1839 Un ;
giorno di regno (II finto Stanislao), ib.,
Sept. 1840 Nabucodonosor (Nabucco),

5, ;
ib., March 9, 1842 I Lombardi alia prima

;
crociata, ib., Feb. 11, 1843 Ernani, Venice, ;
March 9, 1844 I due Foscari, Rome, Nov.

;
3, 1844 Giovanna d' Arco, Milan, Feb. 15,

;
1845 Alzira, Naples, Aug. 12, 1845 At-

; ;
tila, Venice, March 17, 1846 Macbeth, Flor- ;
ence, March 12, 1847, and in a revised ver-

sion, Paris, April 21, 18G5 ; I Masnadieri,
Statue of Verdi.
London, July 22, Jerusalem (ex-
1847 ;
panded French version of I Lombardi),

Don Carlos (18G7), but it was not until Paris, Nov. 26, 1847 H corsaro, Trieste, ;
Aida (Cairo, 1871) that the change from his Oct. 25, 1848 La battaglia di Legnano,
;
old, simple style to a more studied one, Rome, Jan. 27, 1849 Luisa Miller, Naples, ;
copied from Meyerbeer and Gounod, could Dec. 8, 1849; Stiffeho, Trieste, Nov. 16,
be recognized as complete. Indeed, Aida 1850, and with another libretto, as Aroldo,
marks just such a turning point in Verdi's Rimini, Aug. 16, 1857 Rigoletto, Venice, ;
career as Guillaume Tell did in Rossini's. March 11, 1851 II trovatore, Rome, Jan. 19,
;
Aula was also his first great success after 1853 La traviata, Venice, March 6, 1853
;
La traviata. Almost equally successful was Les vcpres siciliennes, Paris, June 13, 1855 ;
his Manzoni Requiem, although the success Simone Boccanegra, Venice, March 12, 1857,
of his latest work, Otello, seems more doubt- and in a revised version, IMilan, April 12,
ful. It is rather curious, in view of Verdi's 1881 Un ballo in maschera, Rome, Feb. 17,
;
immense popularity, how very many of his 1859 La forza del destino, St. Petersburg,
;
528
;
VERDOKCK
Nov. 10, 1862, and in a revised version, by Leonard Boutmy (born at Brussels,
Milan, Feb. 20, 1869 Don Carlos, Paris, ; 1725) became a tenor singer
; at the cathe-
March 11, 1867 A'lda, Cairo, Dec. 24, ; dral of Bruges, but soon after went on the
1871 Otello, Milan, Feb. 7, 1887.
; stage and, after travelling through Fland-
II. Cantatas and Church Music : Inno ers,Northern France, and Holland, was en-
delle nazioni, London, May 24, 1862 ; Man- gaged at the theatre in Brussels, where he
zoni Requiem, Milan, May 22, 1874 Pater ; studied composition under Witzthumb.
noster, 5 voc, and Ave Maria, for soprano He afterwards continued his studies under
and strings (to Dante's text), Milan, April Krafft at Ghent, whither he returned in
18, 1880. 1786 as solo tenor at the cathedral. He
III. Other works : 6 romanze, for voice received also the title of composer to Prince
with pianoforte ; L' esule, song for bass ;
Lobkowitz, Bishop of Ghent. Having for
La seduzione, do.; Guarda che bianca luna, a time occupied a position as orchestra
notturno for 3 voices with flute obligato ;
leader at Maestricht, he returned to Ghent
in 1790, and became maitre de chapelle of
Sainte-Pharailde. When, on the invasion
y'^^ of the French, the churches were closed,
he embraced the revolutionaiy opinions,
and was made in 1793 organist of the
Temple de la Raison. Soon after he was
Album di sei romanze II poveretto, ro- reduced to the necessity of accepting an in-
;
manza ; Tu dici che non m' ami, storuello ferior position in the department of the
1, 1873. Scheldt, but developed great activity as a
1 quartet for strings, Naples, April
— Pougin, anecdotiques
Verdi, composer, and after the reopening of the
souvenirs
(Paris, Le Menestrel, 1878) ; The same in churches wrote a series of sacred composi-
English, translated by James E. Matthew tions. Nevertheless he did not prosper, and
(London, H. Grevel & Co., 1887) Grove the assistance he received from the Sociote ;
Hanslick, Die moderne Oper, 217 Fe- des Beaux- Arts was almost his only resource ;
tis do., Supplement

; Basevi, Studio sulle during the last years of his life. Works
;
:
opera di Giuseppe Verdi (Florence, 1859) De Jaghtpartij van Hendrik IV., opc'ra-
Blanche Roosevelt, Verdi, Milan, and Otello comique, Ghent, about 1790 Le jardiu ;
(London, 1887). d'amour, do., ib., about 1790 Several pan- ;
VEEDONCK, CORNELIUS, born at tomimes, all given at Ghent ; Hymne a

Turnhout, Flanders, in 1564, died in Ant- rf]tre supreme, 1793 ; Requiem in memory
werp, July 4, 1625. Vocal composer, pupil of Haydn, 1810 15 masses, with orchestra ; ;
of Severin Cornet ; spent the greater part 12 do. with organ and small orchestra 6 ;
of his life at Antwerp, first in the service of Laudate pueri, 4 Dixit, 3 Coniitebor, 2
Corneille de Prun, magistrate and treasurer, Beatus vir, and 3 Te Deum, all with full or-
then in that of Jean Charles de Cordes, chestra 4 Audite coeli
;
30 Elevations 9
; ;
governor of Wichelen and of Cerscamp. Lamentations of Jeremiah La mort du ;
Works : Magnificat 5 vocum (Antwerp, Christ, oratorio Stabat Mater O crux ave
; ;
1585) ; Poesies franyaises de divers auteurs, spes unica 5 quartets for strings about
;
;
etc. (ib., 1599) ; Madrigali a 6 voci (ib., 50 romances. La bataille de Waterloo, can-
1603) ; do. (ib., 1604) ; Madrigali a 9 voci tata (first prize by the Socicte des Beaux- Art a,
(ib., 1604).— F6tis ; Gerber Mendel.

;
of Ghent, 1816, ex jvquo with Suremont, of
VERHEYEN, PIERRE, born at Ghent Antwerp).— Fetis ; INIendel ;
Viotta.
in 1750, died there, Jan. 11, 1819. Dra- VERHULST, JOHANNES JOSEPHUS
matic and church composer, first instructed HERMAN, born at The Hague, March 10,
629
;
YERLOEENE
1816, still living, 1890. The foremost among edy Gijsbrecht van Amstel Cantata for the ;
Dutch comijosers Rembrandt festival, Amsterdam (1853), the

of the present time, pu-
pil (1826) of Volcke, at the Conservatorium Schiller festival, Rotterdam (1859), for the
in his native city ; made also a careful study unveiling of Tollens's statue (1861), for the
of Reicha's theoretical works. He entered Vondels festival, Amsterdam (1869), for the
the orchestra, under Hanssens the
then Pius festival (1871), for the 25th anniversary
younger, as violinist, and soon after wrote of Willem HI. (1874),and for the opening
his first compositions, for the church and of the international exposition at Amster-
for orchestra, winning several prizes of the dam (1883) ; Choruses and songs. Fetis — ;
Maatschappij tot bevordering derToonkunst. Mendel ; Riemann ; Viotta.

Mendelssohn's attention being called to his VERKAUFTE BRAUT, DIE. See Pro-
works, while visiting Scheveningen in 1836, dand nevesta.
he invited him to go to Leipsic. He started VERLORENE PARADIES, DAS, ora-
for that city the following spring, but hear- torio in three parts, text by Heinrich do
ing at Cologne of Mendelssohn's journey to Marees, music by Friedrich Schneider, fii'st
Frankfort and his marriage, he remained at given at a music festival in Magdeburg,
Cologne to study under Joseph Klein, and Sept. 2, 1825. The first part describes the
returned afterwards to The Hague. In 1838 creation ; fall of Adam and
the second, the
he went to Leipsic, and was warmly wel- Eve and the third, the punishment of
;
comed by Mendelssohn, who set him to man. It was given in Dessau, Nov. 3,
>mting a Kyrie and a chorus which were 1825, and in Leipsic in 1826. Score pub-
so remarkable that Mendelssohn saw no lished by Briiggemann (Halberstadt, 1830).
necessity for further instruction, and recom- —Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxvii. 84, 661 ;
mended him to the honorable position of xxviii. 854 ; xxxi. 720 ; Berliner mus. Zeitg.,
conductor of the Euterpe concerts. He ii. 375, 386 vii. Ciicilia, xii. 135. ; 25 ;
returned to The Hague after an absence of \T5RL0RENE PARADIES, DAS (Para-

six years, and was appointed royal music dise Lost), sacred opera in three parts, text
director. Since then he has conducted by J. Rodenberg from Milton's " Paradise
many famous societies and concert organi- Lost," music by Anton Rubinstein, op. 54,
zations in the Netherlands, lived tempo- first performed in Diisseldorf, Nov. 8, 1875.
rarily at Rotterdam, then again at The Rubinstein calls this composition a " Bibli-
Hague, and since 1864 at Amsterdam. All cal opera," but it is not a dramatic work.
the great musical festivals given in Holland The first part describes Satan's rebellion
since 1850 have been organized by Ver- and overthrow the second, the creation ; ;
hulst. He was a close friend and associate and the third, the temptation, fall, and
of Schumann when in Germany, and Schu- punishment of Adam and Eve. At the first
mann's op. 52 is dedicated to him. In 1886 performance the parts were thus assigned :
he retired to private life. Order of Lion, Adam, Herr Pf eiffer Eve, Frl. Schlieper ;
;
1842. Works 3 overtures for orchestra Satan, Herr Petzer and Abdiel, Herr Geyer.
:
;
;
Gruss aus der Feme, intermezzo for do.; The work was first given at the Gewand-
Symphony for do. 3 quartets for strings haus, Leipsic, Feb. 3, 1876 in Dresden,
;
; ;
Tantum ergo, for chorus and orchestra Dec. 4, 1876 in St. Petersburg, Dec. 17, ;
Clemens est Dominus, for 2 choruses and 1876 and in Frankfort-on-the-Main, March ;
do.; Mass for 4 voices, chorus, and orches- 2, 1885. The second part was sung at the
tra ;Veni Creator, hymn for male chorus twenty-first festival of the North American
with organ Requiem for do., and brass in- Siingerbund, in Cincinnati, in June, 1879.
;
struments 2 short masses Veni Creator The whole work was sung by the Brook-
; ; ;
To Deum Psalm CXLV. Music

; ; to the trag- lyn Philharmonic Society, March 12, 1887.
630
YERXIER
Score published by Senff (Leipsic, 1863). 15 motets for 1-4 voices Grande fantaisie ;
— Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (1863), 589, 605, for trombone and orchestra Chceurs or- ;
621 Mus. Wochenblatt (1875), 670 ; Sig-

; pheoniques; Vocal melodies, and chanson-
nale (1875), 897 (1876), 161, 1106 ; (1877),
;
nettes Morceaux de genre for pianoforte
; ;
65 ;
(1885), 305 ; Upton, Standard Ora- Method for double-bass. —Fetis ; do., Sup-
torios, 264 ; Krehbiel, Eeview (1886-87), plement, ii. 616.
147. VERRINDER, CHARLES GARLAND,
VERNIER, JEAN ABlfi, born in Paris, born at Blakeney, Gloucestershire, Eng-
Aug. 16, (?). Virtuoso on the
1769, died land. Organist, pupil of George Job Elvey ;
harp, began to study the vioHn at the age organist successively of St. Giles-in-the-
of four and the harp at seven, and played a Fields, Christ Church at Lancaster Gate,
concerto for violin when eleven. In 1787 he St. Michael's in Chester Square, and Re-
played a sonata for harp of his own compo- formed Synagogue, London. Mus. Bac, Ox-
sition, at the Concert Spirituel in 1795 ford, 1862 Mus. Doc, Canterbury, 1873.
; ;
he became harpist at the Theatre Feydeau, Works Israel, cantata Church service in : ;
and in 1813 at the Opera, and in 1838 re- E Anthems Hebrew music and Psalms ; ;
tired with a pension. Works Sonatas for (3 vols.) Organ music, etc.
: ;
harp solo, and with violin Quartet for VER SACRUM, cantata in two parts, for
;
harp, pianoforte, oboe, and horn Trios forsoli, chorus, and orchestra, text by L. Bi-
;
harp, flute, and violoncello Duos for 2 schoff, music by Ferdinand Hiller, op. 75.
;
harps Many fantasias, variations, etc., for The subject is the founding of Rome.
;
—
harp solo. Fetis Mendel. ; Score published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel
VERNIZZI, OTTAVIANO, born in Bo- (Leipsic, 1859). Neue Zeitschr. (1859), —
logna, Italy, in 1580, died (?). Organist ii. 150, 161; Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (1865),
of San Petronio, Bologna, about the begin- 170.
ning of the 17th century. Works Ar- VERSCHWORENEN, DIE. See Der :
monia ecclesiastica, ossia motetti a due, tre Hausliche Krieg.

e quattro voci (Venice, 1601) ; Angelici con- VERSTUMME, HOLLENHEER, bass
centus seu motecti (ib., 1611) ;
accompaniment
Coelestis aria in B-flat major, with
applausus seu motecti, etc. (ib.) Motetti a of trumpet, 2 oboes in unison, strings com-
;
due, tre e quattro voci (ib., 1648) Inter- plete, and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
;
mezzi della corouazione di Apollo per Dafne Bach's cantata Dom. XIX. postTrinit., Wo
convertita in lauro, Bologna, 1623, one of soil ich fliehen hin ? (Bachgesellschaf t. No.
the earliest intermezzi represented there. 5). Published also separately, with the ac-
—Fetis; Mendel. comjDaniment filled out by Robert Franz
VERRIMST, VICTOR FRiiDlSRIC, born (Leipsic, Whistling).
in Paris, Nov. 29, 1825, still living, 1890. VERTILGE SIE, HERR ZEBAOTH,
Double-bass player, pupil at the Conserva- bass aria of Paulus, in B minor, in Mendels-
toire of Chaft, in harmony of Elwart, and sohn's Paulus, Part I, No. 12.
in counterpoint of Leborne won first ; VERT- VERT, opera-comique in three
prizes in all these branches was connected
; acts, by Henri Meilhac and Charles
text
several years with the orchestra of the Nuitter, music by Jacques Offenbach, first
Opera Comique, then with that of the Opera, represented at the Opera Comique, Paris,
and also with the Societe des Concerts du March 10, 1869. The Hbretto is taken
Conseiwatoire, and the private orchestra of from an old comedy by do Louvcn and Des-
Napoleon HI. He was maitre de chapelle forges. The action takes place in a pen-
of Saint-Thomas d'Aquin, afterwards of sion, the directress of which is secretly
Saint-Bernard. Works Five masses About married to the dancing-master, Baladon.
: ;
531
YERVOITTE
Capoul, Sainte-Foy, Gailhard, Couderc, Po- tions and his services at the cathedral. In
tel, aille Girard, Cico, Moisset, and Tual 1859 he accepted the position of maitre de
sang in the original cast. Mme Judic chapelle at Saint-Roch, Paris. Works Les :
achieved great success in this opera. Other moissonneurs, cantata, Paris, 1851 ; Messe
French operas of the same title, by Dalay- solenuelle, ib., Saint-Roch, 1852 Anthema ;
rac, text by Desfontaines, Paris, Oct. 11, of the Holy Virgin Several Tantum ergo ; ;
1790 ; and by Gauthier, text by Bernard do. O salutaris ; Saluts solennels for solo
voices and chorus ; Mass for 3 voices ; Mo-
tets ; 2 vols, of faux-bourdons ; Songs, etc.
—Fetis ; Mendel.
VESQUE VON PUTTLINGEN. See
Ho veil.
VESTALE, LA (The Vestal Virgin),
tragedie-lyrique in three acts, text by Jouy,
music by Spontini, first rejiresented at the
Academie Royale de Musique, Paris, Dec.
11, 1807. The performance was secured
through the Empress Josephine, to whom
the score was dedicated. The libretto,
taken from Winkelmann's "Monumenti an-
tichi inediti," ranks as one of the best of
the century. The action is placed in Rome.
W' The first
ple of Vesta.
act is in the
conqueror of the
Licinius,
Forum and the Tem-
Gauls, returns to Rome, where he receives

honours and is crowned by his betrothed,
Julia, who during his absence has become
i:
'--''
V
a vestal virgin. Licinius declares that he
will enter the temple at night and bear her
away. In the second act, also in the Tem-
ple of Vesta, the high priestess gives Julia
Yalville, ib., Dec. 2, 1800.— Clement et La- the golden rod with which she tends the
rousse, 821. sacred fire. Yielding to her affection, she
VERVOITTE, CHARLES JOSEPH, allows Licinius to enter, and the fire dies
born at Aire (Pas-de-Calais), in 1822, still out. Ciuna, to save Licinius, drags him
living, 1890. Church composer, first in- away, and Julia is discovered in a swoon
structedby an organist at Saint-Omer, com- upon the stej^s of the altar. The high-
peted successfully for a position as maitre priest covers her with a black veil, and pro-
de chapelle at Boulogne, while still in his nounces her death. The third act shows
teens, and was soon after appointed music the funeral cortege. Julia prepares for
director of two institutions there at the ; death, and prays to the gods. Licinius, at
same time he studied composition under the head of a band of soldiers, attempts her
Theodore Labarre, and received counsel rescue, and the priests resolve upon his
from Jean Baptiste Cramer. In 1847 he death for disturbing their rites. Suddenly
became maitre de chapelle of the cathedral thunder is heard, and lightning kindles the
at Rouen, and in 1850 was made a member sacred fire. At this interference of heaven
of the academy, which had already awarded the priests give Licinius permission to
him, in 1849, a gold medal for his composi- marry Julia, and a final tableau shows the
532
:
YESTALE
happy lovers at the circus of Flora, presid- by Richard Wagner. It was first given in
ing over the games and dances in honour Italian, translation by Giovanni Schmidt, in
of Venus. Original cast Naples, Sept. 8, 1811 and Vigano adapted ;
it as a which became popular in

ballet,
Julia Mme Branchu.
Italy. The overture was played by the New
La grande vestale Mme Maillard,
York Philharmonic in the season of 1850-
Licinius M. Laine.
Cinna M. Lays.
51. —Clement et Larousse, GOG Lajarte, ii. ;
63 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xii. 105G xix.

Le grand-pretre M. Derivis. ; ;
269 xsxi. 399, 524 Wagner, Ges. Schiif-

; ;
The opera received the prize of 10,000 ten, V. 114 Grove, iii. 667.
;
francs, established by Napoleon to be given VESTALE, LA, Italian opera seria in

every ten years to the opera having the three acts, text by Cammarano, music by
gi'eatest success within that time. Jouy's Mercadante, first represented at the Teatro
libretto wasawarded a prize of 5,000 San Carlo, Naples, March 10, 1840. The
francs. This opera was given in parts at subject of the libretto is the same as that of
the Tuileries, by Napoleon's order, Feb. 14, Spontini's opera, but in this work the ves-
1807 and it was revived at the Oiaera, tal virgin, Emilia, is buried alive, and her
;
March 16, 1854, with Sophie Cruvelli, Mile lover, Decio, kills himself. The opera was
Poinsot, Koger, Obin, and Bounehee. first given at the Theatre Eoyal Italien,
Sophie Cinivelli and Jenny Lind achieved Paris, Dec. 23, 1841. Clement et Larousse, —
696 ; Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xlii. 474, 638,
912.
VIADANA, LODO\^CO (properly Lodo-
vico Grossi da Viadana), born at Viadana,
near Mantua (not at Lodi, as has been re-
ported) about 1564, died at Gualtieri, in the
duchy of Modena, May Nothing 2, 1645.
is known and but
of his musical education,
little of his life. He was a monk of one of
the stricter orders in 1594 he was maestro
;
di cappella at the cathedral in Mantua.

About 1597 he was living in Rome, and was
afterwards maestro di cappella at the cathe-
drals in Fano in the Papal States, Concor-
dia in Venetia, and once more, in Mantua
in 1644. He is especially famous in mu-
sical history as the inventor of the basso
continuo, is extremely
but it doubtful
whether the invention is rightly to be cred-
Fursch-Madi. ited to him. There is a figured continuo in
parts of Peri's Euridice, which was pub-
great success in the part of Julia. It was lished in 1600, whereas Viadaua's famous
first given in Berlin, translation by Her- Cento concerti con il basso con-
. . .
klots, Jan. 18, 1811 ; in Munich, Jan. 14, tinuo per sonar nell' orgauo did not appear
1812 in Vienna, Nov. 12, 1810 in Dres- until 1602. It is highly probable, how-
; ;
den in 1812 and in Leipsic in 1818. ever, that he was the first to write a con-
;
Spontini conducted it in Dresden in 1844, tinuo for organ in church compositions for
when all the pi*eparations had been made several voices. Works Canzonette a quat- :
63S
;
; ;
VIAGGIO
tro voci, con a otto di ninfe e per la settimana santa a 4 voci, op. 23 (ib.,
un dialogo
pastori, e un' aria di canzon francese per 1609) Vesperi e Magnificat a quattro e
;
sonare (Venice, Amadino, 1590) Madri- cinque voci (ib., 1609) Completorium ro-
; ;
gali a quattro voci, Lib. I. (Venice, 1591) manum quaternis vocibus decantandum,
Madrigali a 6 voci, op. 5 (ib., 1593) Can- una cum basso continuo pro organo (ib.,
;
zonette a tre voci, etc., Lib. I. (ib., Amadino, 1609) Vespertina omnium solemnitatum
;
159-4) Missarum cum quatuor vocibus, etc.. psalmodia, cum duobus Magnificat et falsis
;
Lib. I. (Venice, 159G, and at least seven bordonis, cum 5 vocibus (selections from
other editions) II primo libro de' salmi a earlier collections, Frankfort, 1610) Salmi
; ;
5 voci (ib., Amadino, 1597) Vespert. om- a quattro voci pari col basso per 1' organo,
;
nium solemnitatum psalmodia quinque voci- brevi, commodi et ariosi, con due Magnifi-
bus (ib., Vincenti, 1597, -itb ed.) ; Salmi e cat (Venice, 1610) ; Lamentationes Hie-
Magnificat a quattro voci (ib., 1598, and remise prophetai in raajori hebdomada con-
Frankfort-ou-the-]Main, secondo cinendse quatuor paribus vocibus (ib., 1610,
1612) ; II
libro de' salmi a 5 voci 1601) 2d ed.) II terzo libro de concerti eccle-
(Venice, ; ;
Psalmi vcspertini 8 vocibus concin. (ib., siastici, etc., op. 24 (ib., Vincenti, 1611)
Vincenti, 1602, 2d ed. ?, 3d ed., ib., IGU) Falsi bordoni a quattro e otto voci, pre-
;
Cento concerti ecclesiastici a una, a due, tre messe le regole per il basso per 1' organo
e quattro voci con il basso continuo per (Rome, 1612) ; Salmi a quattro cori, op. 27
sonar nell' orgauo. Nova invenzione comoda (Venice, Vincenti, 1612) ; Ofiicium defunc-
per ogni sorte di cantoi'i e per gli organisti torum quatuor vocibus concin. (ib., 1614)
(ib., 1602-3, 3d and 4th eds., ib., 1609-11 Concentuum ecclesiasticorum 2, 3 et 4 voci-
also as Opus musicum sacrorum concen- bus, opus completum, cum solemnitati om-
tuum, qui ex unica voce, nee non duabus, nium vespertinarum (Reprint of parts of
tribus et quatuor vocibus variatis concinen- other colls., Frankfort, 1615) Sinfonie mu- ;
tur, una cum basso continuo ad organum sicali a otto voci, op. 18 (Venice, Vincenti,
applicato, Frankfort, 1612) Officium ac 1617)
;
Ventiquattro Credo a canto fermo
;
missffi defunctorum quinque vocum, op. 15 soj^ra i tuoni delli hinni che Santa Chiesa
(Venice, Vincenti, 1604) Ludovici Viadante usa cantare, col versetto Et incarnatus est in
;
psalmi omnes qui a S. Komana Ecclesia in musica, a chi place, con le quattro antifone
solemnitatibus ad vesperas decantari solent, della Madonna in tuono feriale (Venice,
cum duobus Magnificat, turn viva voce, turn 1619) Opera omnia sacrorum concentuum ;
omni instrumentorum genere, cantatu com- 1, 2, 3 et 4 vocum, cum basso continuo et

modissimi, cum quinque vocibus, etc., Lib. generali organo applicato, novaque inven-
n. (Venice, 1604) Messe concertate per tion e pro omni genere et sorte cantorum et
;
una, o due, ossia tre voci con il basso con- organistarum accomodate. Adjuncta in-
tinuo per r organo (Venice, Vincenti, 1605) super in basso generali hujus novse inven-
;
Litanie che si cantano nella Santa Casa di tionis instructione, latine, italice et germa-
Loreto, e nelle chiese di Roma ogni sab- nice (complete ed. of 146 motets and con-
bato, e feste della Madonna, a 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, certi ecclesiastici, Frankfort, 1620) Missa ;
8, e 12 voci (ib., 1607, 2ded., 1613, 3d ed.) defunctorum tribus vocibus (posthumous
Concerti ecclesiastici a una, a due, a tre, ed., Venice, 1667). Parazzi, Della vita e—
e a quattro voci, con il basso continuo per delle opere musicali di Lodovico Grossi-
sonar nell' organo, Lib. 1607) Con- Viadana (Milan, 1876) Ambros,
11. (ib., ; ; iv. 248 ;
certi sacri a 2 voci col basso continuo per Fetis do., Supplement Grove,
; ; iv. 258,
r organo (ib., 1608) Completorium ro- and 314, foot-note 2.
;
manum 8 vocibus decantandum, Lib, 2, op. VIAGGIO A REBIS, IL (The Voyage to

16 (ib., 1608) ; Responsori et lamentazioni Rheims), ossia I'albergo del giglio d'oro.
634
YIALLON
Italian opera in one act, text by Balocchi, ter and pupil of Manuel Garcia, and sister
music by Rossini, first represented at the of Mme Malibran. She went with her fam-
Theatre Italien, Paris, June 19, 1825. It ily to England and to America, was a pu-
was composed for the festivities of the pil on the pianoforte of Marcos Vega, or-
coronation of Charles X. Several people ganist of the Cathedral in Mexico, and on
at an inn discuss the coronation of the her return to Paris, in 1828, studied un-
king and travel to Rheims to witness der Meysenberg and Liszt, and harmony
the ceremony. The national air, " Vive under Reicha. She made her first appear-
Henri-Quatre," is introduced. The cast in- ance as a singer in 1837 at a concert in
cluded Mme Pasta, Esther Mombelli, Mme Brussels, and after a tour with de Beriot,
Cinti, Donzelli, Zuchelli, Levasseur, Bor- her brother-in-law, through Germany, sang
dogni, Pellegrini, and Graziaui. Rossini in Paris in 1838, and made her dubut in
was offered a large sum from the king, but opera in London in 1839, as Desdemona in
refused it, saying that this was his homage Otello. In the same year she sang in Paris,
to the French nation, and the king then and in 1841 married Louis Viardot, direc-
sent him a service of Sevres china. The tor of the Theatre Italien. With him she
same music was adapted to a new libretto, made a long professional tour in Spain,
Le comte Ory, given at the Opera, Aug. 20, Italy, Germany, Russia, and England, return-
1828 and the opera was revised with al- ing to Paris in 1849 to create the rule of
;
terations, and given, under the title "An- Fides in Meyerbeer's Prophcte, which she
dremo a Parigi," to celebrate the republic, sang also in Berlin, St. Petersburg, and
Oct. 26, 1848.— Escudier, Rossini, 184; London. She next appeared in Gounod's
Edwards, do., 286 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., Sapho at the Opera, Paris, and on several
;
xxvii. 601 Grove, iii. 171.

;
prominent stages abroad until 1859, when
VIALLON, JUSTINIEN PIERRE MA- she went to the Lyrique, at Berlioz's solici-
RIE, born in Paris, March 31, 1806, died tation, to sing in his revival of Gluck'a
there, Feb. 4, 1874. Vocal composer and Orphee, which became one of her greatest
didactic writer, pupil of Reicha at the roles, and was given one hundred and fifty
Conservatoire, where he won the second times to crowded houses. Shortly after she
prize in 1831 became professor at the retired from the stage and lived at Baden-
;
Gymnase Musical Militaire in 1838, and Baden, and since 1871 in Paris and at Bou-
afterwards at the Jesuit college at Vau- gival, as one of the most successful vocal
girard. He was also organist successively teachers. Works Operettas, played at —
at Saint-Paul, Saint-Louis, Saint-Philippe- Baden-Baden Le dernier sorcier, 1867 :
;
du-Roule, and for twenty-five years titulary L'ogre, 1868 Trop de femmes, 1869. Her ;
of the small organ at the Madeleine. vocal melodies, about sixty in all, have enjoy-
Works : Le mois de Marie, oratorio Mag- ed a wide popularity 12 melodies on Rus-
; ;
nificat ; 6 Offertories for organ ; 2 Noels sian poems ; 6 Mazurkas by Chopin arranged
varies for do. ; chorus Re- for the voice 6 pieces for pianoforte and
La bonne fete, ; ;
traite en foret, scene orpheonique Chor- violin Ecole classique de chant. Her old-
; ;
uses, for male voices Many pieces for mili- est daughter, Mme Louise Hi'ritte, for sev-
;
tary band ; Manual on eral years, until 1886, vocal instructor at

Traite d'harmonie ;
instrumentation Grammaire geuerale de Hoch's Conservatorium in Frankfort, has

;
composition. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 618. composed Lindoro, opc'ra-comi(iuc, Wei- :
VIARDOT-GARCIA, (MICHELLE FER- mar, 1879 Das Bacchusfest, do., Stock- ;
DINANDE) PAULINE, born in Paris, July holm, 1880 ;

Quartet for pianoforte and
18, 1821, still living, Dramatic strings; Terzetto for female voices; Many
1890.
singer, pianist, and vocal composer, daugh- vocal melodies. Two other daughters,
535
;
VICECONTE
Mme Chamerot and Marianne Viardot, are the Opera, Paris, June 27, 1859, between
favorablyknown as concert singers, and her the first and second acts of La favorite.
son Paul is a distinguished violinist, pupil It was sung by Renaud, Sapin, Cazaux, and
of Leonard. —Fetis, Supplement, ii. G19 ;
Mme Ribault-Altes.
Larousse ; Mendel; do., Erganz., 473; VICTOIRE EST A NOUS. See Cara-
lliemann. vanedu Caire.
MCECONTE, ERNESTO, born at Na- See Vittoria. VICTORIA.
ples, Jan. 2, died there, March
183G, 18, VIENI (Sic properly venni), AMORE ;
1877. Dramatic and church composer, pu- (I am come, love), twenty-four variations for
pil of Lavigna on the pianoforte, and at the the pianoforte in D, on the theme, " Vieni,
Conservatorio pupil of Giuseppe Lillo in amore," by Righini, composed by Beethoven
harmony, and of Carlo Conti in counter- in 1790. The music, dedicated to the
point and composition. —
Works Operas: Griifin Hatzfeld, was first published in
Evelina, Naples, Luisa Strozzi, ib., Mannheim (1791), Breitkopf & Hiirtel,
185G ;
18G2 ;Selvaggia, ib., 1872 Benvenuto Beethoven Werke, Serie xvii., No. 172.
;
Cellini (MS.). Mass for solo voices, chorus, VIENI, LA ]\nA VENDETTA. See Lu~
and orchestra Messa, Credo, e Dixit, with crezia Borgia.
;
small orchestra do. alia Palestrina Dixit,

; VIENI VIENI AL CIRCO. See Po-
; ! !
with full orchestra ; Le tre ore di Maria liuto.
desolata ; 3 sacred cantatas ; Magnificat for VIENS, GENTILLE DAME. See Dame
3 voices and orchestra ; Overtui-e for or- blanche.
chestra ; Concerto for 2 pianofortes ; Many VIE PARISIENNE, LA (Parisian Life),
morceaux de genre and dances for piano- French operetta in four acts, text by Henri
forte ;Sacred songs Chansons, romances, Meilhac and Ludovic Halevy, music by
;
—
and several albums of vocal melodies. Fe- Jacques Offenbach, first represented in
tis, Supplement, ii. G20. Paris, Oct. 31, 18GG.
\1CENTIN0, NICOLA, born at Vi- VIERDANK, JOHANN, German chm-ch
cenza in 1511, died at Ferrara (?). Pupil composer, organist of St. Mary's at Stral-
at Venice of Adrian Willaert, afterwards sund, about the middle of the 17th century.
maestro di cappella and instructor to the Works Newe Pavanen, Gagliarden, Ballet- :
princes at the court of Ferrara ; accom- ten und Correnten, etc., 2 parts (Rostock,
panied the Cardinal Ippolito d' Este to 1G41) Geistliche Concerte, 2 parts (Greifs- ;
Rome, where he lived several years, and wald, 1G42 (1G5G), 1G43).—FC-tis Matthe- ;
had a learned controversy with the Portu- son, Ehrenpforte, 381 Mendel. ;
guese musician Lusitano, caused by his VIERGE, LA (The Virgin), oratorio or

book of madrigals, published IS-IG, and sacred legend in four scenes, text by Charles
written with the design of restoring the old Grandmougin, music by Jules Massenet.
scales of the Greeks. His defeat caused Two scenes, Le dei-nier sommeil de la
him to treat the theme in a theoretical Vierge and the Danse galilcenne, were per-
work L' antica musica ridotta alia moderna formed at the Crystal Palace, London, Oct.
:
prattica (Rome, 1555). He also constructed 30, 1880. The entire work has never been
a peculiar instrument, the archicembalo, given.
with several keyboards, to illustrate his sys- VIERJAHRIGE POSTEN, DER (The
tem. As a performer on the clavichord he Four Years' Sentinel), German operetta in
is said to have been eminent. Fetis — one by Korner, music by Schu-
act, text
Grove Mendel Riemann.
; ; bert,never represented. The music, which
VICTOIRE (Victory), cantata, text by contains an overture and eight numbers,
Mery, music by Ernest Reyer, first given at was finished May 16, 1815. The story is
636
: :;
VIEIILIXG
of a sentinel, David, mounted guard on a the most distinguished among the contem-
hill near a German
village in which his porary composers of Germany. Works
regiment is stationed. Weary of his long Der Itauh der Sabinerinnen, secular ora-
watch, he goes into the town and finds that torio, op. 50 Alarich'b Tod, do., op. 58 ;
;
he has been forgotten and the men have Constantin, do., op. 64 Psalm cxxxvii., ;
marched away. He marries the daughter for chorus, soli, and orchestra, op. 22 ;
of a magistrate, and settles in the town. Hero und Leander, do., o\). 30 Zur Wein- ;
After four years the regiment returns, and lese, do. (male voices), op. 32 Zcchcantate, ;
fearing that he may be arrested as a de- for male chorus, and pianoforte, op.
soli,
serter,David dons his uniform and mounts 10 ; Sonntags am Rhein, for mixed chorus
guard same spot. The general ap-
at the with pianoforte, op. 1 ; Friihling, for do., op.
pears and rewârds him for his fidelity. 39 ; Psalm c, for mixed chorus a cappella,
The soldiers' chorus was sung in Vienna in op. 57 Frohlocket mit Hiinden, motet for
;
1860. Other operas on the same subject 2 choruses a cappella, oj). 25 Zwei Kirchen- ;
by Wilhelm Alsdorf, about 1830 Fried- ; stiicke for chorus and soU, op. 29 Wenn's ;
rich Hieronimus Truhn, Berlin, 1833 ;

Ostern wird am Tiberstrom, for 6 part cho-
Jakob Eduard Schmulzer, Gratz, 1841 ;
rus, op. 38 ; Romischer Pilgergesang, for
Karl Reinecke (written about 1850, not do., op. 63 ; Altes Schifferlied, for 5 parts,
given) Gustav Hinrichs, San Francisco,
; op. 42 ; Zwei Chorgesilnge,
op. 65 do., op. ;
1877 Ferdinand Frenzel, Freiberg, March,

; Q>(S 67 Lieder des Hafis, for male
; do., op. ;
—
1884 Kreissle von Hellborn, Schubert chorus, op. 18 Vier Chorgesilnge, for do., ;
(Coleridge), i. 63. op. 28 3 choruses for do., op. 35

; 4 do., ;
VIEELING, GEORG, born at Franken- op. 47 3 do., op. 68 Ein Hafislied, for
; ;
thal, Bavaria, Sept. do., op. 49 Opferlied, for do., op. 69

; 6 ;
5, 1820, still living, quartets for mixed voices, op. 11 ; 4 do.,

1890. Instrumental op. 19 ; do., op. 26 ; do., op. 34 ; 3 do., op.
and vocal composer, 52 ; 3 choruses for female voices, op. 37 ; 2
first instructed by do., with pianoforte, op. 54 ; duets with
his father (Jacob pianoforte, op. 20, 45, 46, 71 ; songs, op.
Vierling, 17 9 6- 2-5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 15, 21, 27, 36, 48, 60, 62,
1867, organist), and 70. Symphony for orchestra, in C, op. 33
pupil of Neeb at Overtures to Shakespeare's Tempest, Der
Frankfort on the Sturm, op. 6 ; to Schiller's 3Iana Stuart,
pianoforte, of Rinck op. 14 ; to Kleist's Hermannsschlachl, op.
at Darmstadt on the organ, and of Marx 31 ; to Fitger's Die Hexe, o]}. 61 ; Im Friih-
in Berlin (1842-45) in composition. He ling, op. 24 ; Phantasiestiick, for violin
became in 1847 organist of the Oberkirche with small orchestra, op. 59 ; Capriccio for
at Frankfort, and at once developed great pianoforte and orchestra, op. 9 ; Phantasie
activity in elevating the public culture of for pianoforte and violoncello ; 3 Phautasie-
music he assumed the direction of the
;
stiicke for do., op. 55 ; do. for pianoforte,
Singakademie, established subscription con- and 41 Trio for pianoforte and
violin, op. ;
certs, conducted the Liedertafel at Mainz strings, oj?. 51 Quartet for strings, op. 56 ;
in 1852-53, and then went to Berlin, where Pianoforte pieces, op. 16, 40, 43, 44, 53 6 ;
he founded, and for some time conducted, organ pieces, op. 23. Mendel Ricniann — ;
;
the Bach-Verein. In 1859 he was made Wochenblatt (1877), 537, 549, 596, 609, 621,
royal music director, but soon after aban- 639, 654, 671, 687, 702, 717.
doned all public activity to devote himself VIERLING, JOHANN GOTTFRIED,
to composition and teaching. He is one of born at IMetzels, near Meiuiugen, Saxony,
537
;
VIEUXTEMPS
Jan. 25, 1750, died at Scbmalkalden, Nov. lin jjlaying at the Conservatoire in Brus-
22, 1813. but in 1873 he had a stroke of paraly-
Orgauist, pupil at Scbmalkalden sels ;
of Tischer, whom he succeeded at the age sis which deprived him of the use of his
of eighteen taking leave of absence, he right arm, so he retired to his estate, where
;
went to Hamburg to study under Pbilipp and in Paris he spent his time in com-
Emanuel Bach, and to Berlin to study coun- lôsition until driven to try the climate of
terpoint under Kirnberger, then returned Algiers, where he died. Member of the
to Scbmalkalden to assume bis office. Royal Academy of Belgium, 1840 officer ;
Works Two trios for iîanoforte and strings of the Order of Leopold. Works Six con-
:
;
:
Quartet for do.; 6 sonatas for pianoforte certos for violin and orchestra, op. 10, 19,
;
Choralbucb (1789) 12 Orgelstiicke 48 2.5, 31, 37 Several concertinos Fantaisie

; ; ; ;
do.; Sammlungleichter Orgelstiicke (1794) for violin and orchestra Ballade et Polo-
; ;
Sammlung dreistimmiger Orgelstiicke naise, for do.; Fantaisie-caprice, do.; 2

(1802) ; Leicbte Choralvorspiele (1807), etc.; Fantaisies on Slavic themes, oj). 21, 27 ; 6
2 year books of church cantatas (MS.). etudes de concert, with pianoforte, 01% 16 ;
— Fc'tisMendel Riemann.
; ; Romances sans paroles Hommage a Paga- ;
VIEUXTE:\rPS, HENRI, bom at Ver- nini, caprice Sonata for violin, op. 12 3
; ;
viers, Belgium, Feb. morceaux de salon Voix intimes, recueil de ;
-
^"Wwi ^^' ^^^^' ^^^'"^ atMus- 6 pensees melodiques Duo brillant on ;
tapha, Algiers, June Hungarian airs for violin and pianoforte

QT
*,.. —«W iÊi
6, 1881. Violinist, (with Erkel) ; Fantaisie sur les Huguenots
son and pupil of a (with Joseph Gregoir) Duo sur le Pro- ;
maker and tuner of in- phete (with Rubinstein) Grand duo for ;
struments, then pupil violin and violoncello (with Servais) 2 ;
of Lecloux, who took concertos for violoncello ; Elegy for viola

him when eight years or
Sonata for do. Overture on violoncello ; ;
old on a concert tour,

of Belgium, op. 41.
the National hymn
and of de Beriot at His wife Josephine (born Edler in Vienna,
^
Brussels. In 1830
he visited Paris, playing at several concerts
with great success, but returned to Verviers
to study, and in 1833 went to Vienna to
study harmony under Simon Sechter. He
was in London in 1834, and in 1835 in
Paris,where he became a pupil of Reicha in
composition. From 1836 to 1839 he made
long concert tours, returned to Brussels Dec. 15, 1815, died at Celle-Saint-Cloud,
and Antwerp in 1840, and in 1841 made a near Paris, June 29, 1868) was an excellent
very successful appearance in Paris. He pianist. Fetis do., Supplement, ii. 624 — ; ;
visited America
1844-45, became solo Larousse
in Hart, The ; Violin, 324 ; Du-
violinist to the Emperor of Russia in 184G, bourg, The Violin, 217 ; Hanslick, Concert-
under a contract but resigned wesen in Wien, ii. 72, 185
for ten years, Riemann ;
in 1852. He made a second visit to Amer- Mendel do., Ergiinz., 474. ;
ica in 1856, and was in Paris in 1858. In VI FIDA LO SPOSO, alto aria of Valen-
1870 he made a third visit to the United tiniano, in G minor, with accompaniment
States, appearing in concerts with Chris- of oboes and violins in unison, viola, and
tine Nilsson and Marie Krebs, the pianist. bass, in Handel's Ezio, Act H., Scene 3.
In 1871 he was made first professor of vio- Published also separately, with the accom-
638
;; ;
VIGXE
paniment filled out by Robert Franz (Leip- 'pere a 4, 5 e 6 voci (ib., 1611) Salmi a 5, ;
sic, Kistner). 6 e 8 voci con basso continue per 1' organo

VIGNE, LA (The Vine), baUet in three (Venice, 1617) ; Psalmi omnes ad vesperas
acts and five tableaux, arranged by Taglio- 5 vocum (Venice) Salmi per tutti i vespri j
;
ni, Grandmougin, and Hansen, music by deir anno a 12 voci, lib. 3 (ib., 1610).— Fe-
Anton Rubinstein. The Goddess of Merri- tis Mendel. ;
ment, wishing to acquaint certain charac- VILLANIS, ANGELO, born at Turin in

ters with the wines of the world, makes an 1821, died there, Sept. 7, 1865. Dramatic
incantation, and soon coopers enter leading composer, pupil of Luigi Felice Rossi. He
groups of dancers, each of which personi- died a maniac, having lost his mind over the
fies a kind of wine. These groups execute misfortune of his j'oung son, who had to
in turn characteristic dances of the nation undergo an amputation of his leg in conse-
which they represent. I. Danse des vieux quence of an accident. Works I saltim- ; :
n. Danse des jeuues HI. Pas de degusta- banchi in Ispagna, farce, Turin, 1849 La
; ;
tion des vins IV. Vins d'ltalie

; V. Vins spia, o il merciajuolo americano, ib., 1850
;
;
de Hongrie VI. Vins d'Espagne

; VH. LafigliadeljDroscritto, ib., 1851 La regina; ;
Vins d'Orient Vm. Vins d'Allemagne di Leone, Venice, 1851 Alina, o il matri-
; ;
IX. Vins de Champagne X. Pas d'enivre- monio d'una cantaute, operetta bufia, Turin,
;
ment XI. Scene d'amour XII. Danse des 1853 La vergine di Kent, ib., 1856 Una
; ; ; ;
enfants avec la Gaite XIII. Danse des vig- notte di festa, Venice, 1858 Vasconcello,
; ;
nes XIV. Bacchanale

; XV. Bacchanale Milan, 1859 Bianca degli Albizzi, ib., 1865.
; ;
XVI. Danse des vignes. The German title Fetis, Supplement, ii. 625. —
of this ballet is Die Rebe. Several numbers VILLIERS (Vuilliers), PIERRE DE,
were played in Theodore Thomas's concerts French composer of the 16th century. He
in New York in the seasons of 1885-8G and is known only by his compositions, scat-
1886-87. Score pubHshed by Senff (Leip- tered in the following collections of the
sic, 1883).— Signale (1883), 193. time : XIV. livre, contenant XXIX chan-
VILBACK, ALPHONSE Z0l5 sonsnouvelles a quatre parties (Paris, 1543)
CHARLES RENAUD DE, born at Mont- Motetti del Fiore, tertius liber (Louvain,
pellier, France, June 8, 1829, died in Brus- 1539) ;
Quintus liber Motectorum quinquo
sels, March 19, 1884. Organist, pupil at the et sex vocum (ib., 1543) Liber decem Mis- ;
Paris Conservatoire of Benoist, and in com- sarum a prreclaris, etc. 1540) Concen- (ib., ;
position of Halcvy ; won the second prize quatuor vocum, for tus octo, sex, quinque et
organ in 1843, the first in 1844, and finally etc. (Augsburg, 1545) Quart livre de chan- ;
the second prix de Rome. After two years sons, etc. (Paris, Adrian Le Roy and Ro-
in Rome he travelled through Italy, and via bert Ballard, 1553) Cinquicsme livre de ;
Vienna through Germany, and on his re- chansons, etc. (ib., 1556) Second livre du ;
turn to Paris devoted himself to teaching Recueil des recueils, etc. (ib., 1564) Pre- ;
in 1856 he became organist of Saint-Eugene. mier livre de chansons, etc. (ib., 1578).
Works Au :de la lune, opera-comique, —Fetis Mendel.
clair ;
Paris, 1857
Almanzor, do., 1858 Piano-
; VINACESI, BENEDETTO, Italian com- ;
forte pieces. Fi'tis —

Mendek poser, born in Brescia about 1670, died in
;
VILLANI, GASPARO, born at Piacenza, Venice in 1719, Maestro di cai>polla to

where he was organist about the beginning Prince Francesco Gonzaga di Castiglione ;
of the 17th century. Works Missa, psalmi in 1704 became second organist of San
:
ad vesperis 16 vocibus concinuntur, lib. 2 Marco in Venice, where he was also

(Venice, 1611) ; Missa Ave Maria graciosa chorus master at the Conservatorio dell'
20 vocum, lib. 4 (ib., 1611) Misse e ves- Ospedaletto. Works Gli sfoghi di giu-
; :
639
;:;
yiNCEKS
bilo, serenade for 4 voices Susanna, ora- estri di cappella of the royal orchestra, and in
;
torio, Brescia, 1694: II cuor nello scrigno, 1728 joined the Fraternitii del Rosario.
, He
Cremona, 1696 L' innocenza giustificata, died suddenly, it is alleged, by poison.
;
Venice, 1699 Gli amanti generosi, ib., Works Lo creato fauzo, opera buffa in Nea-
; :
1703 ;Sfere armoniche ovvero senate da politan dialect, Naples, 1719 Le doje lettere, ;
cbiesa a due violini, con violoncello e parte do., ib., 1719 ,Lo scassone, do., ib., 1720 ,La
per I'organo (Venice, 1696) Motetti a 3 Stratonice, ib., 1720 Li zite in galera, ib.,
; ;
voci (ib., 1714) Many otber cburch com- 1721 Le feste napolitane, 1721 Silla ditta-
; ; ;
positions. —
Fc'tis Mendel. ; tore, Paris, Palais-Royal Semiramide rico- ;
VINCENS, (PIERRE JOSEPH DENIS) nosciuta, Rome, 1723 Rosmira fedele, ib., ;
AUGUSTE, born at Marseilles, Nov. 5, 1723 Farnace, Eraclea, Don Ciccio, Turno ;
1779, died tbere, Feb. 7, 1836. Amateur Ariciuo, Venice, 1724 Astianatte, Ifigeuia ;
composer, and for a quarter of a century in Tauride, ib., 1725 Asteria, Naples, 1726 ; ;
one of the most active organizers of con- Siroe, Venice, 1726 Ernelinda, Florence ;
certs and promoters of musical culture at and Naples, 1726 H Sigismondo, re di ;
Marseilles. After the restitution of the Polonia, Turin, 1727 Catone in Utica, ;
churches to religious worship, he with Rome, 1727 La caduta de' decemviri, ;
several others exerted himself in behalf of Naples, 1727 Flavio Anicio Olibrio, ib., ;
sacred music, and was for some time 1728 La contesa de' Numi, operetta, Rome, ;
maitre de chapelle of the cathedral. He 1729 Alessandro uell' Indie, Didone abban- ;
took a prominent part also, in 1805-09, in donata, Rome, 1730 Ai-taserse, ib., 1730 ;
the creation of the Concerts Thubaneau at L' imi^resario di teatro, Naples, 1731 Siface, ;
Marseilles. Member of Marseilles Acad- ib., 173 1. La protezione del rosario, oratorio,
emy, 1827. Works Popule mens, for 1729; La Vergine addolorata, do., 1731 2
:
;
chorus and orchestra Magnificat, for do. ; masses for 5 voices with orchestra Kyrie ; ;
De profundis, for do. Ave Regina, with for do. Motets. Fetis Mendel Riemann
; ; — ; ;
quartet Ave maris stella, do.

; Tantum Schilling. ;
ergo, motet a cappella O salutaris Panis VINCI, PIETRO, born at Nicosia, Sicily,
; ;
angelicus Other motets

; Pastoral over- in 1540, died at Palermo in 1584.
; Church
ture for orchestra Concert overture, do.
; composer, maestro di cappella of Sta. Maria ;
Andante religioso, do. March for military Maggiore, at Bergamo, about 1540. Works
;
band Couplets et cha3ur en I'honneur de la Two books of motets for 5 voices (Venice,
;
duchesse d'AngoulCme Romances, with pi- 1572) 3 do. for 4 voices (ib., 1578, 1582,
; ;
anoforte or harp. —
Fetis, Supj)lement, ii. 629. 1588) 14 sonetti spirituali (ib., 1580) Mass- ; ;
VINCI, LEONARDO, born at Strongoli, es for 5-8 voices (ib., 1575) 2 books of ;
Calabria, in 1690, madrigals for 6 voices (ib., 1574, 1579)

fZMi^:^ died in Naples Madrigals for 3 voices (ib., 1583) 7 books
^ 1732. Dramatic
in
of madrigals for 5 voices (ib., 1564-89).
;
composer, pupil of — Fetis ; Mendel ; Riemann.

Gaetano Greco, at VIOLA, ALFONSO DELLA, bom at Fer-
the Couservatorio rara presumably in the early part of the 16th
de' Poveri di Gesti century, died after 1567. He was maestro
Cr i s t o, Naples, di cappella to the Duke Ercole H. d' Este,
where he was a stu- and one of the earliest to adapt music to dra-
dent with Poriôra matic pieces. His first composition was for
and Pergolesi. His the tragedy of L' orbacche, by Giraldi Cin-
I'eputation as a dramatic composer spread thio, of Ferrara, played at the author's
rapidly through Italy he was one of the ma- house in 1541, and his second H sacrifizio,
;
540
VIOLA
played at the palace of Francesco d' Este little violin on which, at the age of eight, he
in 1554. He wrote the music to Aretliusa, acquired almost without instruction so much
a pastoral by LoUio and to Lo ability as to attract the
(1563),
sfortunato, by Argento. The attention of the Bishop
a pastoral
music of these last two works is lost, but it of Strambino, who re-
was probably in the madrigalian style used commended him to
by Delia Viola in his Madrigali a cinque Alfonso da Pozzo,
voci (Ferrara, 1539), a copy of which is in Prince della Cisterna,
the library of San Marco, Venice. Fetis in Turin. —
Under his ;
Guingene, Hist, litteraire d'ltalie, vi. 333 ;

patronage A'iotti be-
Mendel Riemann,
;
came the pupil of Pu-
VIOLA (della Viola), FRANCESCO, Ital- gnani, entered the royal orchestra in the
ian composer of the first half of the 16th course of his studies, but in 1780 started
century, born in Ferrara. Probably a kins- on a concert tour with his master through
man, and perhaps a son, of the preceding ;
Germany, Poland, and Russia. Soon after
pupil of Adrian "Willaert at Venice. He he went to London, and in 1782 to Paris,
was maestro di cappella to Duke Alfonso where he played repeatedly at the Concerts
d' Este, whom he accompanied to Venice Spirituels, px'oducing an unparalleled effect
in 1562. Works known : Madrigali a quat- by the perfection of his art as well as by
tro voci (Venice, 1567) ; do. a 4 e 5 voci the merit of his compositions. A poorly
(ib., Mendel. attended concert in Holy Week, 1783, fol-
1573, Ferrara, 1599).— Fetis ;
VIOLE, RUDOLF, born lowed by one given to a crowded house by

at Schochwitz,
near Halle, Saxony, May 10, 1825, died in a mediocre violinist, wounded his pride to
Berlin, Dec. 7, 1867. Pianist, pupil at such an extent as to cause his retirement
Weissenfels of Ernst Julius Hentschel from the public stage. He remained, how-
(1804r-75), and at Weimar of Liszt ; one of ever, in Paris, after visiting his native place
the most zealous of the latter master's and in the summer of 1783 for the last time,
Wagner's adherents, he lived and taught and became maitre de chapelle to the
many years in Berlin. Works Eleven Prince de Soubise, he having already been
:
sonatas 100 ;etudes Caprice huroique

;
appointed accompanist to Queen Marie An-
;
Ballade, etc., for pianoforte. —Fetis ; Rie- toinette. A complete aversion for exhibit-
mann. ing his talent as a virtuoso seemed to have
VtOLETTE, LA (The Violet), opera- taken possession of him, for not only did
comique in three acts, text by Planard, he cause his compositions to be executed
music by Carafa and Leborne, first rep- by other artists, but turned his interest to
resented at the Opera Comique, Paris, Oct. other endeavouring to obtain the
fields,
7, 1828. The founded on a ro-

libretto is direction the Opera in 1787, and
of
mance entitled "Gerard de Nevers," by the failing in this, associating himself with
Comte de Tressan. One of the airs from Leonard, the queen's hair-dresser, who had
this opera was used by Henri Herz as a obtained the privilege for the establish-
theme for variations for the pianoforte, ment of an Italian opera. This was opened
which became universally popular. 1780, and transferred,
in the Tuileries in
VIOTTI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, born on the court's return from Versailles, in
at Fontanetto, Piedmont, May 23, 1753, died 1790, to the TliL-utre de la Foire Saint-Ger-
in London, March 10, 1824. The head of main in 1791 a special theatre was built,
;
the modern school of violinists, and one of the Tht'atre Feydeau, whicli was ruined by
the most eminent composers for his instru- the Revolution, whereupon Viotti went to
ment ; son of a farrier, who gave him a London and once more appeared as a vir-
511
;
YITALI
tuoso, meeting with an enthusiastic recep- 1617) Musiche a 1 e 2 voci con il basso
;
tion. Suspected aa an emissary of the per r organo (Rome, 1618) lutermedj, fatti ;
devolution, he was obliged to flee, and per la commedia degl' Academici Incon-
until 1795 Hved in retirement near Ham- stanti, etc. (Florence, 1623) ; Motetti a 2,
bui'g, whence he returned to London and 3, 4, 5 voci (ib., 1631) ; Ai-ie a due voci
became partner in a wine trade. Almost (Rome, 1635) ; Hymnos Urbani YDI. (ib.,
forgotten by the world, he visited Paris in 1636) Arie a 3 voci, etc. (ib., 1639) Salmi
; ;
1802 to look up his friends, and, urged by a 5 voci (ib., 1641) Libri cinque di arie a ;
Cherubiui, Rode, and others, played in the 3 voci (Florence, 1647) ; Aretusa, favola in
Salle du Conservatoire, when to everybody's musica, Rome, at Cardinal Barberini's,
surprise he had advanced rather than re- 1640. Fetis; Mendel; Riemann. —
trograded in his art, and was still without VITALI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, bom
a rival. He remained in Paris only a short at Cremona, Italy, about 1644, died in Mo-
time then, and on another visit in 1814, but dena, Oct. 12, 1692. Vice maestro di cap-
settled there in 1819, when he assumed the pella to the Duke of Modena, from 1674 ;
direction of the Opera, at a period of evi- member of the Accademia de' Filiaschi.
dent decadence, which his efforts could not Works Balletti, correnti, gighe, allemande, :
check. In 1822 he was asked to resign, etc. (Bologna, 1668) Souate a due violini, ;
and received a pension of six thousand etc. (Venice, 1676, 1685) Balletti, correnti, ;
francs he died on a trip which he had un- e sinfonie da camera a 4 stromenti (ib.,
;
dertaken for diversion. His compositions 1677, 1685) Balletti, correnti, etc., a vio- ;
hold a high rank, abounding in original lino e violone o spiuetto, etc. (Bologna,
ideas, and distinguished for exquisite sen- 1678) Sonata a 2, 3, 4 e 5 stromenti (Ven- ;
sibility and perfection ice, 1681); Salmi concertati, etc. (Bologna,

of style. Works: 29 1677) Sonate a due violini, etc. (Amster-
;
concertos for violin 2 dam) Inni sacri per tutto I'anno, etc. (Mo-
; ;
concertantes for 2 violins 21 quartets for dena, 1681) Varie sonate alia francese, etc.
; ;
strings 21 trios for do.; 51 duos for vio- (Venice, 1689) Balli in stilo francese, etc.
; ;
lins, op. 1-7, 13 (G serenades), 18-21 ; 18 (ib., 1690) Artifici musicali (Modena, ;
sonatas for violin with bass ; 3 divertisse- 1689) Sonate da camera (ib., 1692). Fe- ; —
ments (nocturnes), for pianoforte and vio- tis Mendel Riemann. ; ;
lin ; Sonata for pianoforte. —Fayolle, No- VITTORI, LORETO, born at Spoleto,
tices sur Corelli, etc., et Yiotti (Paris, 1810) Italy, about 1588, died in Rome, April 23,
Baillot, Notice sur Viotti (ib., 1825) ; Miel, 1670. Singer, pupil in Rome of Francesco
Notice historique Eymar, Anec- Soto, and in counterpoint of the two Na-
(ib., 1827) ;
dotes sur Viotti, etc. (Milan, 1804) Fe- ninis and of Soriano for some time in the
; ;
tis Mendel Eiemann Wasielewski, Die service of Cosimo H. de' Medici at Flor-
; ; ;
Violine, etc., 110 Hart, The Violin, 24G

; ence, he returned to Rome, and entered
;
Phipson, Sketches and Anecdotes, 69. in 1622 the college of chaplains of the Pon-
Ml RA\"V7S0. See Sonnambula. tifical Chapel. He was also a poet. Works :
VITALI, FHjH^PO, Italian composer of Ai'ie a voce sola (Rome, 1639) La Galatea, ;
the 17th century, born in Florence, died in dramma in musica (ib., 1639) La pelle- ;
Rome (?) after 1649. Maestro di cappella grina costante, dramma sacro (ib., 1647) ;
of the cathedral at Florence, he entered the Irene, cantata a voce sola (ib., 1648) Sant' ;
college of chaplains of the Pontifical Chapel Ignazio de Loyola, oi'atorio II pentimento ;
in Pome, as a tenor singer, in 1631. della Maddalena, cantata. Fetis Mendel. — ;
"Works : Madrigali a cinque voci (Venice, VITTORIA, TOMMASO LODOVICO

1616) ; Musiche a 2, 3 o 6 voci (Florence, DA (properly Tomas Luis de Victoria),
542
VITZTHUMB
boru iu Avila, Spain, about lo-iO, died in as Cantiones sacra 4, 5, G, 8 vocum, DilHn-
Madrid (?), probably in 1608. He was taken gen, 1588 Other eds., with additions, as
;
while young to Rome, where he studied Motecta 5, G, 8, 12 voc, etc., Milan, heirs
under his fellow-countrymen, Escobedo and of Simone Tini, 1589 as Cantiones sacra) ;
Morales. In 1573 he was made maestro di 5, G, 8, 12 voc, Dillingen, 1590, and Frank-
cappella at the Collegium Germanicum, fort, 1G02) Missarum liber secundus 4, 5,
;
and in 1575 at S. Apollinare. He after- 6, 8 voc, una cum antiphonis, Aspergcs, et

wards returned to Spain, where he was given Vidi aquam, totius anni (Rome, Coattino,
the title of king's chaplain. He is known 1502) Ofiicium defunctorum sex vocum
;
to have been living in Madrid as late as in obitu et obsequiis sacrac imperatricis

1G05. While in Rome he formed a warm [comprising Missa pro defunctis, G voc.
friendship with Palestrina, but seems to Versa est in luctum, G voc. Libera me, G
have been regarded with considerable jeal- voc, and Tncdet anima, 4 voc] (Madrid,
ousy by other Italian musicians, for he Joaquin Velasquez, 1G05), The Requiem,
never entered any of the more important the mass Ave maris stella, and five motets
papal singers' colleges. Vittoria was prob- are republished in score in Eslava's Lira
ably the greatest composer Spain ever pro- sacro-hispana, 1st series. Ambros, iv. 70 — ;
duced, as he was also one of the brightest Fetis, viii. 341 Grove Mendel. ; ;
lights of the great Roman school. In some VITZTHUMB, IGNACE, born at Baden,
of his works it is impossible, even for ex- near Vienna, July 20, 1723, died at Brus-
perts, to distinguish his style from Pales- sels, March 23, 181G. Instrumental and
trina's ;he was especially noted for a Span- vocal composer, though more distinguished
ish warmth, depth, and intensity of feeling, as a theoretical writer. He went to Brus-
and a certain exalted religious mysticism. sels as a choir-boy in the chapel of the
Like that of other non-Italians of his day, Archduchess Maria Elizabeth, governess of
his reputation has suffered unjustly at the the Netherlands. During the Seven Years'
hands of Baini, Palestrina's biographer. War, he served in a regiment of hussars,
His greatest work was probably his Officium and after his return to Brussels in 1748,
defunctorum. Works :Liber primus, qui entered the court orchestra then became ;
missas, psalmos. Magnificat, ad Virginem chef d'orchestre at the theatre, and in 178G
Dei Matrem salutationes, aliaque complec- maitre de chapelle to the princes. The
titur 4, 5, G, 8 vocum (Venice, Gardano, French Revolution deprived him of his post
157G) ; Cantica B. Virginis vulgo Magnifi- and the pension accorded him by the court
cat 4 voc, una cum quatuor antiphonis B. of Austria. He deserves well for the pro-
Vii'ginis per annum 5 et 8 voc. (Rome, Zan- motion of musical art in Belgium. Works —
netto, 1581) ; Hymni totius anni secundum Operas — Le soldat (with Van Maldere),
:
S. R. E. consuetudinem, 4 voc. una cum Brussels, 17G6 Cephalide, ou les autres

;
quatuor psalmis pro prpccipuis festivitatibus mariages samnites (with Cifolelli), ib., 1777;
8 voc. (ib., 1581, another ed. with title La foire do village, ib., 178G. Masses, mo-
:
Inni per tutto 1' anno a quattro voci, Venice, tets, and symi^honies. Fetis, Supplement, —
Vincenti, IGOO) Missarum liber primus 4,
; ii. G31 ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 475.
5, 6 voc, etc. (Rome, Zannetto, 1583 Do., ; VIVALDI, Abbate ANTONIO (called,
liber secundus (ib., 1583 these two books
; from his red hair, II preto rosso), born in
were republished together in the same year Venice in the latter part of the 17th century,
by Angelo Gardano) Officium hebdomadic
; died thei'e in 1743. Violinist, son and pupil
sanctai (Rome, Angelo Gardano, 1585) ;
of Giovanni Battista Vivaldi, violinist of tho
Motecta festorum totius anni cum com- ducal chapel of San JMarco. Ho was for
muni sanctorum 5, G, 8 voc. (ib., 1585 also ; some lime in the service of tho Elector
5-j:)
VIVE
Philipp of Hesse-Darmstadt, returning to of Henri IH. and that CoUo made additions
Venice in 1713 obtained the position of to it. It was the national anthem during
;
director of the the Bourbon Restoration, and was played

Conservatorio del- by the orchestra at the Academic Royale de
la Pieta, a post he Musique as an overture to the opera, Af)ril
held till his death. 1, 1814, on the day the allied armies entered
Johann Sebastian Paris. Paer wrote variations upon it,
Bach arranged two Grc'try introduced it into his overture to

of Vivaldi's con- La maguifique (1773) and Rossini into his
;
certos, taken from ojjera H viaggio a Reims (1825). Grove, —

the Estro arnio- i. 728.
nico, as a quintet VIVOm TE, I^nO CAROBENE, duet in
for harpsichord, E minor, for soprano and contralto (Asteria
two violins, alto and
Vivaldi was in and Andronico), with accompaniment of
bass.
Lis time a well-known and prolific writer two flutes (Handel marks both first and sec-
of operas, dating from 1713 to 1738, and ond parts " Traversa e Flauto "), and strings
mostly i)layed in Venice. Works 12 trios complete, in Handel's Tamerlauo, Act IH., :
for two violins and violoncello, op. 1 (Paris, Scene 5. Published also separately, with
1757) 12 sonatas for violin with basso con- the accompaniment filled out by Robert
;
tinuo, op. 2 (Amsterdam) Estro armouico, Franz (Leipsic, Ivistner).

;
ossia XII concerti a quattro violini, 2 viole, VIZENTINI, ALBERT, born in Paris,
violoncello e basso continuo per 1' organo, Nov. 9, 1841, still living, 1890. Violinist,
op. 3 (ib.) ; XII Concerti aviolino solo, etc., dramatic composer, and writer on music,
op. 4 (ib.) ; Sonate per violino e basso con- pupil of Leonard and of Fetis at the Con-
tinuo, op. 5 (ib.) ; VI Concerti a violino servatoire of Brussels, where he won the
principale, etc., op. 6 (ib.) VI id., op. 7
; first prize for violin in 1850, and for com-
(ib.) ; Le quattro stagioni, etc., op. 8, 2 position in 1861. For a short time chef
books (ib.)La cetra, etc., op. 9
; (ib.) ; Six d'orchestre of the theatre at Antwerp, he re-
concertos for flute, violin, viola, violoncello, turned to Paris, where he became solo vio-
and organ, oj). 10 (ib.) ; Concerti a violino lin, first at the Bouff'es Parisieus, then at
solo, etc., op.11 (ib.). His pieces for vio- the Theatre Lyrique, and also appeared
lin calledstravaganze and his Cuckoo Con- wdth success in concerts. Subsequently
certo were at one time very popular, though chef d'orchestre at the Theatre de la Porte
not among his best compositions. Fetis Saint-Martin, and at the same time of a — ;
Dubourg, The Violin, 54 Hart, The Vio- French operetta troupe in London and the
;
lin, 202 Hawkins, Hist., v. 213 Hogarth, English i^rovinces, he was engaged by Of-
; ;
Mem. of Mus. Drama, ii. 227 Burney, fenbach to fill the same position at the ;
Hist., iii. 5G1 Riemann MendeL ; Theatre de la Gaite, of which he also be-
;
\TVÊ HENRI-QUATRE, historical came administrator and finally director,

French song, the doubtful authorship of buying out Offenbach, who wished to re-
which has been assigned to Du Caurroy tire. He then set to work to elevate the
(1549-1G09). The writer of the words is character of his entei-prise, and obtained the
also unknown. The song consists of three privilege of reconstituting the Theatre
verses, the first two of which are generally Lyrique, which had closed its doors, at the
attributed to Colle (1709-1783), but the Gaite there he brought out several good ;
three stanzas seem to belong to the early operas by modern composers, but did not
part of the 17th century. It is possible succeed financially, and was obliged to
that this was a chanson b. boire of the time renounce his privilege in 1878. He be-
541
YO
came chef d'orchestre at the Hippodrome, VOGEL, FRIEDRICH WILHELM FER-
and is now in the same capacity, and as DINAND, born at Havelberg, Prussia, Sept.
general manager, at the Italian theatre 9, 1807, still living, 1890. Virtuoso on
in St. Petersburg. Works : La tsigane, the organ, pupil in Berlin of Birnbach, then
operetta, Paris, Folies Marigny, 18G5 ; Le travelled several years, giving concerts in
moulin tenebreux, ib., Boutfes Parisiens, Germany, Holland, and Switzerland taught ;
1869 2 cantatas Music to several dramas in Hamburg in 1838-41, and after a concert
; ; ;
Fantasies for violin, with pianoforte. Fe- tour through Schleswig, became organist at —
tis, Supplement, ii. G32. the German and French reformed church
VO* FAR GUERRA, soprano aria of Ar- in Copenhagen. In 1852 he was appointed
mida, in G major, with accompaniment of professor at the school for organ-playing
two oboes, strings complete, and cembalo and composition at Bergen, Norway.
obligato, in Handel's Binaldo, Act II., Scene Works Concertino for organ, with trom- :
10. This air is known in England as the bones 60 choral preludes 10 postludes ; ;
;
" Harpsichord Song." 2 fugues with introductions Symphony for ;
VOGEL, CAJETAN, born at Konoged, orchestra Overture for do. Suite in canon ; ;
Bohemia, in (?), died in Prague, Aug. 27, form, for do. Chamber music Choruses ; ;
1794. Church composer, at first a choir- for male and mixed voices Kloster und ;
boy, then organist in the Jesuits' College Haus, operetta Aus dem Tunnel, do., etc. ;
;
he finished his theological studies in Prague, Mendel Riemann. — ;
and was a pupil of Habermann in composi- VOGEL, JOHANN CHRISTOPH, born

tion. After taking orders, he conducted at Nuremberg in 1756, died in Paris, June
for twelve years the choir in St. Michael's
26, 1788. Pupil of Riepel in Ratisbon ;
Church. Works
Twenty-six masses with went to Paris in 1776, where he became an
:
orchestra Concertos for various instru- imitator of Gluck. His irregular life brought
;
ments Suites for wind instruments Quar- on a fever, of which he died in poverty.
; ;
tets, and a little opera. — Fetis ; Mendel. Works : La toison d'or, opera, Paris, 1786 ;
VOGEL, (CHARLES LOUIS) Demophon, do., ib., 1789 ; 3 symphonies for

ADOLPHE, born at Lille, May 17, 1808, orchestra ; 6 trios for strings ; 6 quartets
still living, 1890. Violinist and dramatic for
; 3 do. ; 6 do. for horn and string trio
composer, pupil of Auguste Kreutzer at the do. for bassoon and string trio Concerto ;
Paris Conservatoire, and of Reicha in com- for bassoon 3 concertos for clarinet G ; ;
position. He established his reputation by duos for do.; 6 do. for bassoons. Mendel; —
the patriotic song "Les trois couleurs," Fetis ; Riemann ; Schilling.
written in one night, on the outbreak of VOGEL, (WILHELM) MORITZ, born at
the July Revolution, 1830. Works : Le Sorgau, near Freiburg, Silesia, July 9, 184G,
podestat, Paris, Opera Comique, 1831 ; Ma- still living, 1890. Instrumental and vocal
rie Stuart, not given ; Le composer, pupil at the Conservatorium in
siege de Leyde,
The Hague, 181:7 ; La moissouneuse, Paris, Leipsic, where he afterwards was prominent
1853 ; Rompons ! ib., Bouffes Parisiens, as a musical critic, teacher, and conductor
1857 ; Le nid de
cigognes, Baden-Baden, of several singing societies. He is known
1858 Gredin de Pigoche, Paris, 18GG La especially by his instructive compositions
; ;
filleule du roi, Brussels and Paris, 1875. for pianoforte, comprising a method in
Le Jugement dernier, oratorio ; Several twelve parts, etudes, rondos, sonatinas, etc.,
symphonies Quintets and quartets for but has also composed songs and ducts of
;
strings Sacred compositions

; Choi-uses a high order. Mendel Riemann. ; ;
— ;
Romances Pianoforte pieces. Fetis do..

; —
VOGLER, Abt GEOR(} JOSEPH, born ;
Supplement, ii. G33 Riemann. at Wilrzburg, June 15, 1749, died at Darin-
;
— ;
VOGRICH
stadt, May G, 1814. Organist, theoretical etc., for pianoforte. Literary works : Ton-
writer, and composer, pupil of Padre Mar- wissenschaft und Tonsetzkunst (Mannheim,
tini in Bologna and of 177G) ; Stimmbildungskunst (Mannheim,
Vallotti in Padua, where 1776) ; Kurpfiilzische Tonschule (ib., 1778)
he studied theology. Mannheimer Tonschule Betrachtungen der ;
After taking orders in Mannheimer Tonschule (1778-81) Inled- ;
founded in niug til harmoniens kiinnedom (Stockholm,

Rome, he
1775 a music school at 1795); Pianoforte and thorough-bass
Mannlieira, and was also method in Swedish (ib., 1797) Choralsys- ;
second Kapellmeister tem (Copenhagen, 1800) Data zur Akustik ;
and chaplain of the (1800) Handbuch zur Harmonielehre ;
court, which he followed to Munich in 1779. (Prague, 1802) tJber die harmonische ;
In 1783-8G he travelled in France, Spain, Akustik (Mu-

Greece, and the East, and in the latter nich, 1807);
year became Kapellmiistare in Stockholm Griind 1 i c h e ;
he was also director of a music school there, Anweisung

but left Sweden in 1799, with a pension. zum Klav-
Having studied for some time a system of ierstimmen
simplification for the organ, ho travelled (Stuttgart,
with a small instrument called an orches- 1807) Deutsche Kirchenmusik (Munich, ;
trion, and made known his theories in 1807) tJber Choral- und Kirchengesiinge ;
Amsterdam, London, Paris, Hamburg, and (ib., 1814) System fiir den Fugenbau. ;
other cities. His system raised much dis- Mendel Riemann Fetis Gerber Schilling. ; ; ; ;
cussion, and in sevei*al places, London and VOGRICH, BIAX (KARL WILHELM),
Stockholm among others, he was employed born at Herman n-
to simplify organs. In 1807 he founded a stadt, Transylvan-
third school in Darmstadt, where Meyer- ia, Jan. 27, 1852,
beer and Karl Maria von Weber were still living, 1890.
among his pupils he was also Kapell- ; Pianist, began to
meister there. Works Operas Der Kauf- — : study his instru-
mann von Smyrna, Mainz, 1780 Albert IH. ; ment at the age of
von Bayern, IMunich, 1781 La kermesse, ; five, and appeared
Paris, 1783; Egle, Stockholm, 1787; Le in concerts two

patriotisme Kastor und Pollux, Mann-
; years later, then
heim, 1791 Gustav Adolf, Stockholm,
; was a pupil (1866-
1791 Hermann von Unna, Copenhagen,
; 69) at the Conser-
1800 Samori, Venice, 1804
; Music to vatorium in Leipsic, of Wenzel, Reinecke,
;
Hamlet Ino, ballet Lampredo, melodra- and Moscheles on the pianoforte, of Haupt-
; ;
ma Choruses for Athalie Masses Mo- mann and Richter in counterpoint and
; ; ;
tets Psalms Hymns Te Deum Mise- fugue, and of Reinecke in composition. In

; ; ; ;
rere, etc. Symphony Die Kreuzfahrer, 1870 he started on a concert tour, play-
; ;
overture Concerto for pianoforte

; Noc- ing in almost every country of Europe, and
;
turne for pianoforte and string quartet in 1877 extended his travels to Mexico, ;
Quartet for pianoforte and strings Poly- Venezuela, and Colombia. He went to New;
melos, character pieces for pianoforte and York in 1878, gave a series of concerts, and
string trio Concerto for organ
; 32 pre- joined Wilhelmj in another concert tour
;
ludes for do.; 112 short preludes 12 cho- through the United States, and to Austra-
;
rals with variations; Sonatas, variations, lia, where in 1881 he settled at Sidney for
546
;;
VOGT
a few years, and conducted the Liedertafel London, where he was in great demand
and the Philharmonic Society. In 1886 he by musical societies. Works Four con- :
returned to New
York, where he now re- certos for oboe Variations with orchestra ;
;
sides permanently, excepting frequent trips Marches for military band Conzertstiick ;
to Europe. Works Wanda, opera, Flor- for English horn Pot-pourris Duos for
:
; ;
ence, 1875 Lanzelot (1890) The Captiv- oboe, etc. Fetis Mendel Riemann.
; ; — ; ;
ity, oratorio (1884) The Diver (Schiller),

; VOGT, JOHANN (Jean), born at Gross-
cantata, Detroit, 1890 ; The Young King Tinz, near Liegnitz, Jan. 17, 1823, died at
and the Shepherdess, do. Solemn mass Eberswald, August, 1888. Pianist, pupil
;
Symphony in E minor do. in A minor Con- of A. W. Bach and of Grell in Berlin, and
; ;
certo for violin and orchestra. New York, of Hesse and Seidel in Breslau. He lived
1878, performed constantly by Wilhelmj in St. Petersburg in 1850-55, teaching the
Concerto for pianoforte, Chicago, 188G, Bos- pianoforte, then made extended concert
ton, 1889 12 Etudes de concert for piano- tours, and in 1861 settled in Dresden and
;
forte (1890) Komanzero, cycle for do. in 1865 in Berlin, where he was professor
;
Fugue in F, for do.; Collection of sonatinas at Stern's Conservatorium. In 1871 he

for do.; Album of ancient and modern went to New York, but from 1873 hved
dances, of all nations, for do. Many other again in Berlin. He was made royal music
;
concert pieces for do.; Many choruses for director in 1862. Works Die Auferweckung :
male, female and mixed voices, a cappella, des Lazarus, oratorio, Liegnitz, 1858 Quar- ;
and with pianoforte Arrangements for tets, trios, and other chamber music Many
; ;
chorus of national Scotch, Irish, and English instructive pieces for pianoforte. Mendel. —
melodies ; More than fifty anthems, many VOI AVETE UN COR FEDELE, aria
hymns ; 6 terzets for soprano, contralto, for soprano with orchestra, in G, by Mozart,
and tenor ; 6 duets for soprano and tenor composed in Salzburg, Oct. 26, 1775. Breit-
6 do. for 2 soprani ; 2 Albums of songs (24) kopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie vi.. No.
Many English ballads and other songs, 13. —Kuchel, Verzeichniss, No. 217 ; Jahn,
among which the Arabian Song has become Mozart, i. 419.
widely popular. VOI CHE SAPETK See Nozze di Fi-
VOGT, GUSTAVE, born at Strasburg, garo.
March 18, 1781, died in Paris, May 30, VOIGT, JOHANN GEORG HERMANN,
1879. Virtuoso on the oboe, pn-pU. of Salen- born at Osterwick, Saxony, May 14, 1769,
tin at the Paris Conservatoire, where he died in Leipsic, Feb. 24, 1811. Organist,
won the first prize in 1799, then studied pupil of his father, and of his grandfather
harmony under Rey. After playing in the organist Rose, at Quedlinbvu-g ; went
several theatre orchestras in Paris, he took 1788 to Leipsic, where he was employed in
part in the German campaign of 1805-6 as as violinist and oboist. In 1790 he became
oboist in the Garde Impcriale, then entered organist at Zeitz, but returned in 1801 to
the orchestra of the Opera Comique, and in Leipsic, and was organist there, first at St.
1814 succeeded his master Salentin in that Peter's and then at St. Thomas'. Works :
of the Opera, where he

remained until Twelve minuets for orchestra 7 quartets ;
1834. Adjunct professor at the Conserva- for strings Trio for do. Concerto for ; ;
toire from 1808, became professor in 1816, viola Polonaise for violoncello and orches- ;
and was first oboist of the royal orchestra tra 6 scherzi for pianoforte 3 sonatas ; ;
in 1815-20, and first oboist of the Concerts for do. Fi'tis Mendel. — ;
du Conservatoire in 1828-44. In 1844 he VOITURES VERStES, LES (The Upset

retired into private life. During the sea- Carriages), opera-comique in two acts, text
sons of 1825 and 1828 he was called to by Dupaty, music by Boieldieu, first rei>-
647
; :;
VOLCKMAR
resented at the Feydeau, Paris, April 29, popular. Among them are : Der Eheteufel
1820. The hbretto was taken from a vau- auf Reisen Narrheit und Zauberei Der
; ;
deville entitled Le suducteur en voyage, Geisterseher Tiroler Casper Der magi-; ;
represented at the Vaudeville, Paris, Dec. sche Hut Hermann, der Befreier Deutsch-
;
4, 180G. The opera was given in German lands Die drei wunderbaren Riithsel
; Der :
as Die umgeworfenen Postwagen, transla- Schiffbruch Ernst, Graf von Gleichen etc. ; ;
tion by During, at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in Other works Masses, offertories, litanies, :
1821, and in Vienna in 182G.— Clement et and church arias Concertos for pianoforte ;
Larousse, 703 AUgem. mus. Zeitg., xxii. Pieces for wind instruments Solos for horn,
; ;
400, 458 xxviii. 736.

; clarinet, bassoon, oboe, and violoncello ;
VOLCKMAR, WILHEL:\I (VALENTIN), Trios for pianoforte and strings 24 caden- ;
born at Hersfeld, Dec. 2G, 1812, died at zas for organ ; Variations, preludes, etc.
Homberg, Hesse-Cassel, Aug. 27, 1887. — Fc'tis ; AVurzbach.

Organist, pupil of his father on the organ VOLKMANN, (FRIEDRICH) RO-
and pianoforte, and of Liipke, at Biickeburg, BERT, born at Lom-
on the violin. In 1835 he became instruc- m a t z s c h Saxony, ,
tor of music in the seminary at Homberg, April G, 1815, died in

near Cassel. He received the degree of Buda-Pesth, Oct. 30,
Ph.D. from the University of Marburg, the 1883. Instrumental
title of royal music director and the gold and vocal composer,
medal for art and science from the King of pupil of his father on
Wiirtemberg, and the Duke of Coburg. the organ and piano-
Member of Socicte Royale des Beaux-Arts forte, andof Friebel on
at Ghent, and of other societies. Works : the violin and violon-
Twenty organ sonatas ; Several organ con- cello, then at Frei-
certos ; Symphony for the organ ; Orgel- berg pupil of Auacker, and at Leipsic of K.
schule Schule der Geliiufigkeit f Qr die F. Becker in theory. He settled to teach
;
Orgel Music for pianoforte and for violin music at Prague in 1839, and at Pesth
;
—
Songs and hymns. Mendel Fetis Rie- in 1842 ; ; lived in Vienna in 1854-58, ;
mann. and then returned to Pesth. Works

VOLKERT, FRANZ, born at Heimers- Two symphonies 3 serenades for string ;
dorf, district of Buuzlau, Bohemia, Feb. 2, orchestra 6 string quartets 2 over- ; ;
1767, died in Vienna, March 22, 1845. Dra- tures 2 trios Concei-to for violoncello
; ; ;
matic and church composer and organist, Rhapsody, allegretto capriccioso, and two
also a good performer on the violin and sonatinas for pianoforte and violin Con- ;
several other string instruments. He went cert piece for pianoforte and orchestra ;
at the age of fourteen to Prague, where he Variations on a theme of Handel for two
sang in the chorus of the Italian opera ten pianofortes Sonata, sonatina, and rondino ;
yeai's, and in 1790 went to Koniggriltz as and march for do.; Musikalisches Lieder-
assistant to the organist Ignaz Haas, under buch Ungarische Skizzen ; Die Tages- ;
wliom he studied, and whom he succeeded zeiten 3 marches Phantasiebilder Dithy-

; ; ;
in 1800. It is not certain how long he re- rambe und Toccata Souvenir de Marolh ;
;
mained there, but about 1810 he was al- Nocturne Buch der Lieder Deutsche ; ;
i-eady in Vienna as organist at the Schotten- Tiluze Cavatino und Barcarolle Visograd
; ; ;
stift, and in 1821 Kapellmeister at the 4 marches Wauder.skizzen Lieder der ; ;
Leopoldstiidter Theater. He wrote more Grossmutter 3 improvisations Am Grab ; ;
than one hundred comic operas, melodramas, des Grafen Szechenyi Ballade und Scher- ;
and fairy farces, some of which became very zetto Arrangements of Mozart's and Schu-
;
;
VOLLWEILER
bert's songs 2 masses Sougs for mezzo- Mozart Werke, Serie vi.. No. 25. KOchel,
; ; —
soprano with pianoforte and violoncello Verzeichniss, No. 418 Andre, No. 58 ; ;
Sappho, a dramatic scene, op. 49 Richard Jahn, Mozart, iii. 275. ;
VOR StJDENS KLOSTER. See Foran

sydens Kloster.
VOSS, KARL, born at Schmarsow, near
Demmin, Pomerania, Sept. 20, 1815, died
III., overture to Shakespeare's tragedy, op. in Verona, Aug. 28-29, 1882. Pianist,
73, London, 1875 Oflfertories for solo, ; studied in Berlin and in 1840 settled in
chorus, and orchestra Choruses for men's ; Paris, where he was much sought as a
voices Old German hymns 2 wedding
; ; teacher and published hundreds of mor-
songs Duets
; Sacred songs. Mendel ; — ;
ceaux do salon, which made him for ten or
Fetis, Supplement, ii., G35 Mus. Wochen- ; fifteen years the fashionable composer of
blatt, i. 8 Eiemann Vogel, R. Volkmann,
; ; that genre. He wrote also works of greater
etc. (Leipsic, 1875) ; Illustr. Zeitg. (1872), merit, like concertos, etudes, paraphrases,
287 ; (1883), Wurzbach. 452 etc.
; Fctis Mendel. — ;
VOLLWEILER, KARL, born at Offen- VOUS AVEZ DEVIN:^ CELA. See Ami
bach in 1813, died at Heidelberg, Jan. 27, de la maison.
1848. Instrumental composer, son and pu- VOUS ME DISIEZ SANS CESSE. See
pil of G. J. Vollweiler (1770-1847, professor Pre aux clercs.
at Frankfort and Heidelberg) lived at first VOX POPULI (Voice of the People), two
;
at Hanau, then several years in St. Peters- grand choruses with orchestra, music by
burg, teaching the pianoforte and com- Berlioz, op. 20. I. La menace des Francs ;
position, after which he settled at Heidel- H. Hymne a la France. The score is dedi-
berg. Works Symphony 2 trios for cated to the Societes Philharmouiques de
: ;
pianoforte and strings Variations on Rus- France (Richault, Paris, 1851).

;
sian themes, for string quartet Sonata for VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS, THE, can- ;
pianoforte ; 6 etudes tata in six scenes, text and music by Dudley

G etudes melodiques ;
lyriques Many other pieces for pianoforte. Buck, first given in Brooklyn, May 4, 188G.
;
— Fetis Mendel Riemann.

;
The text is from Washington Irving's "His-
;
VOLTA LA TERREA FRONTE ALLE tory etc. of Christopher Columbus " (1828).
STEELE. See Ballo in Maschera. I. In the chapel of St. George at Palos II. ;
VON DEN
EDLEN CAVALIEREN. On the Santa Maria HI. The Vesper ;
See Martha. Hymn IV. Discontent and Mutiny V. In ; ;
VON DER WIEGE BIS Zmi GRABE distant Andalusia VI. Land and Thanks- ;
(From the Cradle to the Grave), symphonic giving. Upton, Standard Cantatas, 114. —
poem for orchestra by Franz Liszt, com- VOYAGE OF MAELDUNE, THE, ballad
posed and first performed in Weimar in for soli, chorus, and orchestra, text from
1882. The subject was suggested by a Tennyson, music by Charles Villiers Stan-
picture by Michael Zichy. Full score, and ford, op. 34, first performed at the Leeds
pianoforte arrangement for two and for four (England) Musical Festival, Oct. 11, 1889.
hands, published by Bote & Bock (Berlin, The work was conducted by the composer
1883).— Neue Zeitschr. (1884), 221. and sung by Mme Albani, Miss Hilda Wil-
VORREI SPIEGARVI, OH DIO, aria for son, IMr. Lloyd, and Mr. Barriugton Foote.
soprano with orchestra, in A, text from An- — Academy (1880), ii. 258 Athenaium
;
fossi's opera, II curioso indiscreto, music by (1889), ii. 530.

Mozart, composed for INImc Lango in Vi- VOYEZ, DU HAUT DE CES RIVAGES.
enna, June 20, 1783. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, See Muette de Portici.
549
; ;
VULPIUS
\TJLPIUS, MELCHIOE, born at Was- Schroter, 1852 and by F. W. Sering. An- ;
uugen, about 15G0, died at Weimar in 1616. other Rhine song, words by N. Becker,
Church composer, and cantor at Weimar. music by Kreutzer, was very popular in
Works Cantiones sacrje cum 6, 7, 8 voci- 1840-41.
: An overture, Die Wacht am
bus (Jena, 1602) do., 5, 6, et 8 vocum (2 Rhein, was composed by August Klughardt,
parts, ib., 1603-4 both in one book, 1611)
; op. 26. Grove, iv. 342 — ; Notes and Queries,
Kirchengesiinge und geistliche Lieder Dr. 4th Series, vi. 267.
Lutheri und Anderer (Leipsic, 1604) ; Can- WACHTELSCHLAG, DER (The Quail's
ticum beatissimsB Virgiuis Maria3, etc. Song), song, with pianoforte accompani-
(Jena, 1605) ;
Lateinische Hochzeitstiicke ment, text by S. F. Sauter, music by Schu-
(1608) ; Opusculum novum selectissimarum composed in 1822. Published
bert, op. 68,
cantionum sacrarum, etc. (Erfurt, 1610) by Schreiber (Vienna, 1822) by Diabelli ;
Erster, zweiter, und dritter Theil der sonn- (ib., 1827).

Evangelischen Spriiche (ib., 1619-
tiiglichen WACIvENTHALER, JOSEPH, born at
21). He
published also a German edition Schlestadt, Alsace, Nov. 20, 1795, died at
of Heiurich Tuber's Compendiolum musicse, Strasburg, March 3, 1869. Organist and
with an appendix (Jena, 1610). Fetis —
pianist, pupil in composition, at Strasbui'g,
Mendel ; Riemann ; Schilling. of Spindler, whom he succeeded as maitre
de chapelle of the cathedral, in 1819 was ;
appointed organist there in 1833. He com-

WACHET AUF,
for men's posed several masses with full orchestra,
cantata
and orchestra, text all the motets sung in that cathedral, and
voices, chorus,
by Geibel, music by Joachim Eaff, many organ pieces. Fetis Mendel. — ;
op. 80. Published by Schott (Mainz, 1865). WADE, JOSEPH AUGUSTINE, born in
WACHET AUF! RUFT UNS DIE Dublin, Ireland, about 1796, died in Lon-
STIMINIE, four-part choral in D
major, in don, July 15, 1845. After conducting the
Mendelssohn's Paulus, Part I, No. 16. This Opera in London a short time, he returned
choral appears also in the overture ; the to Dublin in 1840, with Lavenu's company,
melody is by Jacob Praetorius which included Liszt, Richardson the flutist,
(1599).
WACHT AM EHEIN, DIE (The Watch and others, by which several of his com-
on the Rhine), German Volkslied, text by positions were performed. Works " The :
Max Schneckenburger (1819-1849), music Prophecy," oratorio, Drury Lane, 1824

by Carl Wilhelm (1820-1873). The words " The Two Houses of Granada," opera, ib.,
were written in 1840 when the left bank of 1826 " The Pupil of Da Vinci," operetta,
;
the Rhine was threatened by France. The text by Mark Lemon Polish Melodies, ;
music, part-song for mens' voices, was com- 1831; Songs, etc. Grove. —
posed on March 14, and first sung on June WAELPUT, HENDRffi, born in Ghent,
11, 1854. It was very popular during the Oct. 26, 1845, still living, 1890. Instrumen-
Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71, and in the tal and vocal composer, pupil at the Brus-
latter year the Emperor gave Wilhelm an sels Conservatoire, where he won the first
annual pension. A monument has been prize for composition in 1866, and the
erected to his memory in his native town, prix de Rome in 1867. In 1869 he was
Schmalkalden. The Wacht am Rhein is appointed director of the Conservatoire at
the subject of the National-Deukmal, a Bruges, became at the same time chef d'or-
monument designed by Johannes Schilling, chestre at the theatre and conductor of
and unveiled in 1883 by the Emperor near popular concerts, which he established
Bingen. The same words had been pre- there. In 1871 he settled at Dijon, and in
viously set by F. Mendel, 1840 by Leopold 1875 returned to Ghent, where he became
;
550
;
:
WAELRANT
chef d'orchestre atthe Grand Theatre church music 80 symphonies 27 concertos ; ;
then conducted the French opera at The for pianoforte 36 trios for strings. Pub- ;
Hague, and is now professor of harmony lished Suavis artificiose elaboratus con- :
at the Antwerp Conservatoire. Works centus musicus, etc. (1740) 18 Diverti- ;
Berken de Diamantslijper, opera, Brussels menti di cembalo Divertimento for 2 pi- ;
1876. Cantatas Het Woud, ib., 1867 anofortes 2 do. for pianoforte, violin, and
:
; ;
De Zegen der Wapens, ib., 1876 La pacifi- violoncello 10 symphonies for pianoforte,
; ;
cation de Gand, Ghent MemHng. 4 sym- 2 violins, and violoncello

; 6 sonatas for ;
phonies Hans Memliug, festival march for violin with pianoforte.

; Fetis; Mendel; —
orchestra Many songs with pianoforte. Riemann Wurzbach.
; ;
— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 641. WAGNER, ERNST DAVID, born at

WAELRANT, HUBERT, born at Tonger- Dramburg, Pomerania, Feb. 18, 1806,
loo, Brabant, about 1517, died in Antwerp, died in Breslau, May 4, 1883. Organist,
Nov. 19, 1595. Contrapuntist, pupil of pupil of A. W. Bach at the royal institute
Adrian Willaert in Venice, whence he re- and of Rungenhagen at for church music,
turned probably in 1547, in which year he the academy in Berlin, where he became
established a music school at Antwerp. He cantor and choir master at the Matthiii-
also associated himself with Jean Laet in kirche in 1838, and organist of the Trini-
founding a publishing firm. Works Liber tatiskirche in 1848 and in 1858 royal mu-
: ;
nonus cantionum sacrarum, etc. (Louvain, sic director. Works Johannes der Tiiufer, :
Phalise, 1557) Madrigali e canzoni fran- oratorio (MS.) Requiem (do.) Psalms and
; ; ;
cesi a 5 voci (Antwerp, Susato, 1558) Can- motets for male voices 48 choralartigo ;
;
zoni alia napolitana (Venice, 1565) Others Orgel-Vorspiele Der erfahrene Clavier-
; ;
also in Symphonia angelica di diversi eccel- lehrer Choralbuch. He published also ; :
lentissimi musici (Antwerp, 1565) Canzoni Die musikalische Ornamentik (Berlin, 1868).
;
scelti di diversi eccellentissimi, etc. (ib., Fetis Mendel Riemann. — ; ;
Phalise, 1587). —
Fetis Mendel Riemann WAGNER, GEORG GOTTFRIED, born
; ; ;
Viotta ; Van der Straeten, iii. 201. at Miihlberg, Saxony, April 5, 1698, died
WAFT HER, ANGELS, THROUGH at Plauen in 1760. Pupil of Kuhnau at
THE SKIES, tenor aria of Jephtha, in G the Leij^sic Thomasschule, where he re-
major, with accompaniment of strings com- mained for three years longer after Bach's
plete, and continuo, in Handel's Jephtha, appointment, to profit from his intercourse.
Act in.. Scene 1. See also Deeper and In 1726 he became cantor at Plauen. His
deeper still. compositions, consisting of oratorios, can-
WAGENSEIL, GEORG CHRISTOPH, tatas, overtures, trios, concertos, and solos
born in Vienna, Jan. 15, 1715, died there, for violin, etc., though esteemed by his con-
March 1, 1779. Pianist, pupil of J. J. Fux temporaries, remain in MS. Fetis Men- — ;
in counterpoint he was the music master del Riemann.

; ;
of the Empress Maria Theresa, who after- WAGNER, KARL JAKOB, born at
wards gave him for life a pension of fifteen Darmstadt, Feb. 22, 1772, died there, Nov.
hundred florins, as chamber composer and 25, 1822. Virtuoso on the horn and violin-
instructor of the imperial princesses. He ist, pupil of Portmann and of Abt Vogler ;
was a favourite composer for the pianoforte. entered the grandducal orchestra at Darm-
—
Works Operas Orfeo Alessandro Olim- stadt in 1790, and was eminently successful
: ; ;
piade Tito Antigona L' inverno Le cac- as a virtuoso on various concert tours until
; ; ; ;
ciatrici amanti, all given in Vienna, 1740- 1805. He visited Paris in 1808, and on his
60 ; Siroc, Milan. Gioas, rh di Giuda, return to Darmstadt l)ecamo Conzertmeis-
oratorio II quadro animato, cantata
;
Some ter and afterwards Hof-Kapellmeistcr, de- ;
cs i
WAGNER
voting his leisure time to composition and at the Gewandhaus drew his attention for
theoretical writing. Works— Operas Pig- the first time strongly to music, and he
:
raalion ; Der Zahnarzt, comic opera, Darm- tried to study harmony by himself from
stadt, 1810 ; Herodes von Bethlehem, ib., Logier's book. His first regular teacher in
1810 ; Adonis, monodrama ; Nittetis, ib., musical theory was Gottlieb Miiller, under
1811 Chimene, ib., 1821. Several dramatic whose guidance he wrote a quartet, a so-
;
cantatas 2 symphonies
;
4 overtures 3 nata and an aria. But he was wanting in
; ;
trios for flute and strings 3 sonatas for application and general steadiness, and
;
violin 40 duos for

;
horns Solos for flute, Miiller could do little with him.
;
Li 1829-
—
and violin Variations for pianoforte. Fc- 30 he went to the Thomasschule, but worked
;
tis; Mendel Iliemann. ;

to little or no better purpose there than he
WAGNER, (WILHELM) RICHAED, had at the Nicolai-
born in Leipsic, May schule, giving him-
22, 1813, died in Ve- self up to studying
nice, Feb. 13, 1883. music in a desultory
His father, Carl sort of way, and even
Friedrich Wilhelm succeeding in having
Wagner, was clerk of an overture per-
the police court, and formed at the Stadt-
a passionate lover of th eater (a grand
which the theatre, fiasco, by the way),
probably taste was Li 1830 "^he entered

also shared by his motheryf^'oru Rosiua the University of Leipsic as student in
Bertz, of Weissenfels). lie lost his father philology and esthetics, which studies he
Nov. 22, 1813, when just Six mcftttlWrtiil characteristically neglected, to give his
and in 1815 his mother married Ludwig whole mind and energy to a course in com-
Geyer, dramatic author and actor, who had position under Theodor Weiulig. He wrote
formerly made several visits to Leipsic as a several compositions, of which a pianoforte
member of Seconda's company, and was at sonata in B-flat, and a 4-hand polonaise in
the time engaged at the Hoftheater in Dres- D, were published. A symphony in C was
den. Immediately after the mother's sec- given at the Gewandhaus, Jan. 10, 1833.
ond marriage, the family moved to Dresden, His professional career as a musician began
where Richard was educated, entering the in 1833 he was engaged as chorus master ;
Kreuzschule under the name of Richard at the Stadttheater in Wiirzburg, whei-e his
Geyer in December, 1822, two years after elder brother, Albert, was actor, tenor
his step-father's death. Though he early singer, and stage manager. Here he Avrote
evinced a liking for music, his first genuine the text and music of his first opera, Die
passion was for poetry, and he never thought Feen (after Gozzi's La donna serpente), but
of becoming a musician until his mother only a few excerpts were ever given, and
took him and the rest of the family back to the work never saw the stage until 1888.
Leipsic, where one of his sisters got an en- In 1834 he was made music director at the
gagement at the Stadttheater. Here he Stadttheater in Magdebui-g, for which he
entered the Nicolaischule in 1827, but was wrote his Das Liebesverbot (based ui)on
so much chagrined at being put into the Shakespeare's Measure for Measure), which
third class, after having been in the second came to a single disastrous performance at
class in Dresden, that he shirked his studies the close of the season, March 29, 183G.
and gave himself up to writing dramatic On Nov. 24 of this year he married Wilhel-
poetry. Heiu-ing Beethoven's symphonies mine Planer, the actress, Avliom ho had fol-
552
WAGNER
55.3
WAGNER
lowed to Kunigsberg, where he got an singer, the proprietor of the Revue et
engagement as conductor at the Stadtthea- Gazette Musicale, and M. Gouin, his own
ter. In the autumn of 1837 he accepted agent. Wagner arrived in Paris in Septem-
the post of first Kapellmeister at Holtei's ber, 1839. His chief object in going thither
new theatre in Riga, where his wife and had been to study the methods of the Aca-
her sister Therese also were engaged in the demie de Musique, and to get his Rienzi
dramatic company. Here he wrote the text accepted at that theatre. His funds were
of his Rienzi, and completed the music of almost exhausted, and, to keep the wolf
the first two acts but ho did not intend from the door, he had to work at the most
;
the work for the Riga stage his ambition trivial musical tasks, making the pianoforte-
;
was high, and he from tlie first had his eye score of Halevy's Reine de Chypre, arrang-
ing quadrilles for the iîanoforte and cornet,
writing articles for Schlesinger's paper, etc.
His Liebesverbot was on the point of being
accepted at the Renaissance, when that
theatre failed. He finished his Rienzi, but
could not get it accepted at the Opera, and
after nearly three years of poverty and dis-
appointments of all sorts, he left Paris,
April 7, 1842, with the scores of Rienzi,
Eine Faust-Ouvertiire, and the almost com-
pleted Hollander, for Dresden. Rienzi was
brought out at the Dresden Hofoper, Oct.
:ft 1, II li if l|j 20, and with such success that Wagner was
appointed Hof-Kapellmeister, conjointly
with Reissiger. Der fliegende Hollander
followed ou Jan. 2, 1843, although its suc-
cess was not so unquestioned as that of
Rienzi. Next came Tannhauser, Oct. 19,
1845. Two years later the score of Lohen-
grin was completed, but its production
was delayed, and Wagner's participation in
the revolution of May, 1849, put an end to
all hopes of having it performed. He was
exiled by the government, and forced to flee
Wagner's Birthplace.
for his life, first to Liszt, in Weimar (with
on the Opera in Paris. In the spring of whom he had formed a warm friendship),
1839, his two years' engagement being at and thence to Zurich. When Liszt brought
an end, he returned to Kuuigsberg, but out Lohengrin at Weimar, in 1850, Wagner
only to go on to Pillau, whence he, with his had thoughts of coming secretly to hear it,
wife and a huge Newfoundland, set sail for but was dissuaded from the attempt, and
Paris, via London. It was on this stonny he was for years afterwards, as he said,
three weeks' voyage that he conceived the " perhaps the only German music-lover
idea of much of the music for his Fliegende who had not heard Lohengrin." In 1855
Hollander. In Boulogne he met Meyer- he responded to a call from London to
beer, who gave him letters to Leon Pillet, conduct the Philharmonic Society. Dur-
director of the Opera, Anti'nor Joly, direc- ing his exile in Zurich he wrote his more
tor of the Thuiitre de la Renaissance, Schle- important pamphlets, Die Kunst und die
654
WAGKER
Kevolution, Das Kunstwerk der Zukunft, King the end.
to In 1865 Tristan was
Kuust unci Klima,Oper und Drama, and brought out at the Munich Hofoper,
at last
Eine Mittlieilung an meine Freunde, be- under von Billow's direction. In Decem-
sides the whole text and part of the music ber Wagner left Munich for Vevey, then
of his Nibelungen. His work on the Nibe- passed a short time at Geneva, and finally
lungeu was interrupted in 1857, by the settled at Triebschen, on the Lake of Lu-
writing of text and music to Tristan, with cerne,where he remained until 1872. Here
which work Wagner hoped to renew his he put the finishing touches to the score of
long-severed connection with the ptfblic. Die Meistersinger, which was brought out
But no solicitations of his Munich in 1868, under von Biilow. His
friends could in
succeed in obtaining leave for him to re- first wife died in 1866, in Dresden, whither
turn to Germany, and projects for bringing she had retired about 1861 and on Aug. ;
out Tristan at Strasburg and Carlsruhe 25, 1870, Wagner married Cosima von Bil-
came to nothing. In 1859 he went once low (Liszt's 3'oungest daughter), who had
more to Paris, in hopes of having Tann- been divorced from her husband. After
hiluser or Lohengrin given in French, or the production of Die Meistersinger, Wag-
even of bringing out Tristan in German. ner returned with redoubled energy to the
He gave three concerts of excerpts from completion of the scores of his Nibelungen.
these works at the Theatre Italien on Jan. The king's i^lan of building a special theatre
25, and Feb. 1 and 8, 1860 concerts which in Munich for the performance of the entire
;
created much excitement and controversy, work was abandoned, and Bayreuth chosen
but resulted also in a considerable financial for the site of the Festival theatre. Thither
deficit. - But, owing to the interest of Wagner moved in 1872, and celebrated the
Princess Metternich, Tannhiluser was ac- laying of the corner-stone of the theatre on
cepted at the Opera, and given on March May 22d (his 60th birthday) with a model
13, 1861 but a hostile cabal of members performance of Beethoven's Ninth Sym-
;
of the Jockey Club persisted in making phony and his own Kaiserraarsch. As-
such a disturbance that, after the third sociations to raise money for the festival
performance, the opera was withdrawn. In performances at Bayi'euth had been formed
this year, however, Wagner got permission in most European, and some American,
to return to all parts of Germany except cities, and in August, 1876, the poet-com-
Saxony. But, although he was everywhere poser saw the dream of his life realized in
received with enthusiasm, he could not suc- the first series of festival performances of
ceed in getting Tristan performed it was ; the Nibelungen. His last work, Parsifal,
accepted in Vienna, but given up after fifty- was brought out there July 26, 1882. Wag-
seven rehearsals as " imi^racticable." In ner's works, like those of some other com-
1862 Wagner was living at Biebrich, on the posers, may be divided into three distinct
Rhine, engaged upon his Meistersinger, periods. In those belonging to his first
which he neai'ly completed in 1863, in Vi- manner (Die Feen, Das Liebesverbqt, Ri-
enna, after a concert tour to Prague and enzi), he had nothing more in view than
St. Petersburg. In 1864 Ludwig H., of to follow successfully in the footsteps of
Bavaria, whose enthusiasm had been aroused his predecessors. In his second manner
by Lohengrin, and reading the text of the (Hollander, Tannhiluser, Lohengrin), al-
Nibelungen, invited him to Munich, giving though he still retained tlie title of opera,
him a villa on Lake Starnberg, and a stipend he began to cut loose more and more from
of 1,200 Gulden from his privy purse. Wag- the conventional operatic forms, to use tho
ner was naturalized as a Bavarian subject, Leitmotiv as the musical expression of a
and remained a prime favourite of the character, idea, or situation, and to make
555
;
WAGNER
the music more aud more exclusively an aid marsch ; Siegfrie,d-\{\y\\ ; Kaisermarsch ;
to the expression of the poetic text. With Grosser Festniarsdi, Philadelphia, May 10,
liis third manner (Nibeluugen, Tristan, 1876 Das Liebesmahl der Apostel, bib- ;
Meistersinger, Parsifal) he abandoned the lische Szene fiir Milnnerchor und grosses
name of opera, forced himself -wholly from Orchester, Leipzig, 1843 Gelegendheits- ;
the shackles of operatic tradition and con- Cantate, for the unveiling of the statue of
ventional musical forms, and carried Lis Friedrich August (MS.), Dresden, June 7,
reforms to their farthest conclusion. 1843 Gruss seiner Treuen and Friedrich ;
Works I. Dramatic
: Die Hochzeit August den Gerechten, for male voices, ib.,
:
(fragment, consisting of introduction, cho- 1844 An Weber's Grabe, Trauermar.sch

;
rus, and septet ; MS. score, dated March 1, wind instruments on themes from Eury-
for
1833, in the archives of the Musikverein in anthe (MS.), aud double-quartet of voices
AViirzburg) Die Feen, Munich, June 29, (1872).
;
1888 Das Liebcsverbol, Magdeburg, March

; III. For pianoforte Sonata in B-flat :
29, 183G Jiienzi, der Letzte der Tribuneu, (Leipsic, 1832) Polonaise in D, for 4 hands
; ;
Dresden, Oct. 20, 1842 Bev Jliegende Hol- (ib., 1832); Fantasia in F-sharp minor (MS.,
;
lander, ib., Jan. 2, 184:3 ; Tannhiiuser und written in 1831) ; Album-Sonate fiir Frau
der Siingerkrieg auf Wartburg, ib., Oct. Mathilde von Wesendonck, in E-flat (Schott,
19, 1845 Lohengrin, Weimar, Aug. 28,
; 1877) ; Ein Albiunblatt fiir die Fiirstin Met-
1850 Das Rheingold, Part I. of Der Rimj
; ternich, in C (1871) ; Do. fiir Frau Betty
des Nibelungen, Munich, SejDt. 22, 1869 ;
Schott, in E-flat (1876).
Die Walkilre, Part II. of do., ib., June 26, IV. Songs : Carnevalslied from Das Lie-
1870 Tristan und Isolde, ib., June 10,
; besverbot (Brunswick, 1885) " Dors, mou ;
1865 Die Meistersinger von Ntirnberg, ib.,

; enfant," Mignoune, Attente (Paris, 1839-40,
June 21, 1868 Siegfried, Part III. of Der
; republished with German text, 1871) ; Les
Ring der Nibelungen, Bayreuth, Aug. 16, deux Grenadiers 1839) Der Tannen-
(ib., ;
1876 Gotterdanimerung, Part IV. of do.,

; baum (1871) ; Kraft-Liedchen (Wiener H-
ib., Aug. 17, 1876 Parsifal, ib., July 26,
; lustrirte Zeitung, Oct. 14, 1877 ; repub-
1882. lished in Miiller von der Werra's Reichs-
II. Overture in commersbuch) Fiinf Gedichte (Der Engel,
Orchestral and Choral : ;
1830 Do, "Stehe still!" Im Treibhaus [Study for

B-flat (MS., score lost), Leipsic, ;
in D minor (MS., score at Bayreuth), ib., Tristan und Isolde, Act HI.], Schmerzen,
Dec. 25, 1831 Do. in C (Konzert-Ouver- Traume [Study for Tristan und Isolde Act
;
tUre, ziemlich fugirt, MS., score at Bay- n.] (Mainz, Schott, 1862, and with ItaUan
reuth), ib., April 30,1833, and Bayreuth, translation by Arrigo Boito, Milan, Ricordi).
May 1873 Do., Polonia, in C (MS.,
22, ; V. Arrangements Additional instrumen- :
score at Bayreuth) Symphony in C (MS.), tation to Gluck's Iphigenieen Aulide (piano-

;
Prague, 1832, Leipsic, Euterpe, Dec, 1832, forte score by von Billow, 1859, full score of
aud Gewandhaus, Jan. 10, 1833, New York close to overture, 1859 Revised dialogue ;
and Boston, 1888 Overture, Columbus and I'ecitatives for Mozart's Don Juan (MS.),
;
(MS., score lost), Magdeburg, 1835, Eiga, Ziirich, 1850 Expi-ession marks and indica- ;
1838, Paris, Feb. 4, 1841 Incidental mu- tions for performance in Palestrina's Stabat
;
sic to Gleich's Der Berggeist (MS., score Mater (1877) Allegro to Aubrey's aria in ;
lost), Magdeburg, 1836; Overture, Rule Marschner's Der Vampyr (142 additional
Bi-itannia (!MS., score sent to the London measures, MS. score in possession of AV.
Philharmonic Society in 1840, and lost) Tappert, Berlin) Pianoforte arrangement ;
Eine iâ HSÔuvertiire, Dresden, July 22, of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony (MS.) Pi- ;
1844 (rewritten in 1855) Iluldigungs- anoforte scores of Donizetti's La favorite,

;
666
!;
WALDECK
L' elisire cV aiuore, Halevy's La reine cTe WAHN! WAHN! UBERALL WAHN
Cliypre, Le guittarero (Paris, 1841). See Me inter >>inqer von Nurnberg.
VI. Literary : Gesammelte Schrifteu uud WALDECK, FRANZ ADAM, born at
Dictungen, X vols. (Lcii^sic, 1871-85). A Fritzlar, near Cassel, in died at
1743,
detailed list of these, and of other writings Miinster about 177G. Organist and cantor
not contained therein is given in Grove, iv. at the cathedral of Miinster. Works : Der
373. — A. Richard Wagner, sa vie Brauttag, opera Der griine Kahu Music to
Jullien, ; ;
et ses ceuvres (Paris, Librairie de I'Art, dramas and comedies Symphony for orches- ;
188G) Glasenapp, Richard Wagner's Leben tra Quartets for strings

; Masses, motets, ; ;
und Wirken (Leipsic, 1882) ; Do., Wagner- Tc Deum, arias, etc. —Fotis ; Mendel.
Lexicon (Stuttgart, 1883) ; Kastner, Wag- WALDMiVDCHEN, DAS. See Sijlvana.
ner-Catalog, list of letters to contemporaries, W.ILDSCENEN (Forest Scenes), nine
1830-83 (1878) Oesterlein, Katalog einer
; compositions for the pianoforte, by Schu-
R. Waguer-Bibliothek [complete bibliog- mann, op. 82, written in 1848-49, dedicated
raphy of the master], 1882 Mayrberger, ; to Friiulein Annette Preusser. L Eintritt,
Die Harmonik Richard Wagner's (Chem- in B-flat ; 11. Jiiger auf der Lauer, in D
nitz, 1882) Rich. Pohl, Richard Wagner,
; minor ; IIL Einsame
Blumeu, in B-flat
Ein Lebensbild (Leipsic, 1883) Do., R. ; IV. Verrufene Stelle, in D minor V. Freuud- ;
W., Studien und Kritiken (ib., 1883) W. ; liche Landschaft, in B-flat VI. Hcrbergo ;
Tappert, R. W., sein Leben und seine Werke in E-flat; \TI. Vogel als Prophet, in G
(Elberfeld, 1883) Do., Wagnerlexikon, ein
; minor VIII. Jagdlied, in E-flat IX. Ab-
; ;
Worterbuch der Unhoflichkeit (1877) ;

schied, in B-flat. Published by Bartliolf
H. von Wolzogen, Erinnerungen an R. W. Seuff (Leipsic, 1851) ; arranged for the pi-
onoforte for four hands by R. Kleinraichel.
WALDSTEIN SONATA, in C, for the
pianoforte, composed by Beethoven, op.
ic '^^t 53, about 1803. It was dedicated to the
composer's patron, Ferdinand Ernst Ga.
briel, Graf von Waldstein. It is one of
Beethoven's most finished works for the pi-

(Vienna, 1883) Do., The Work and IVIission
; anoforte, and is written in the full vigor of
of my Life, North American Review, Aug. and his second period. 1. Allegro con brio ; 11.
Sept., 1879 [not written by Wagner, but Introduzione, Adagio molto ; III. Rondo,
bearing his sanction] Do., Die Sprache in ;
Allegretto moderato. The Andante favorit
R. W\'s Dichtungen (Leipsic, 1878) Do., ; in F (Breitkopf k Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke,

Poetische Lautsymbolik (ib., 187G) Wag- ; Serie XVIII., No. 192), was originally a
neriana (ib., 1888) ; A. de Gasperini, Richard movement in this sonata, but Beethoven
Wagner (Paris, 18GG) ; Ch. Baudelaire, R. thought it too long, and substituted the
Wagner et Tannhiiuser a Paris (ib., 1861) ;
Adagio. The Waldstein sonata was first
Richard Wagner and the Music of
Hueflfer, published by the Bureau dcs Arts et d'lu-
the Future (London, 1874) Do., Richard dustrie (Vienna, 1805). Broitki>pf it Hiir-
;
Wagner (ib., 1881) Briefwechsel zurischen tel,;

Beethoven Werke, Serie XVI., No. 144.
Arranged for the pianoforte for four hands
Wagner und Liszt (Leipsic, 1887) Do. in ;
English, by F. Hueffer (New York, 1889); by Succo, and for a string quartet byGalit-
Verzeichniss,
Grove, iv. 346-374 W. F. Apthorp, Scrib- zin (St. Petersburg).— Thayer,
;
331 Berlioz, No. 110 Lenz, Beethoven, I, part ii.279

ner's Magazine, i. 515, v, ;
;
;
A Die Wagnerfrage Beethoven et ses trois do., styles, i. 259

travers chants ; Raff, ;
Marx, Beethoven, i. 179; do., Auleituug

(1854).
W7
. :
WALDSTEIN
zum Vortrage Beethovens Klavierwerke, by just contract, Wotan could, of himself,
129 ; Grove, iv. 375. use neither force nor cunning to recover it.
WîLDSTEIN YAEIATIONS, for the pi- It must be regained by some one else, who
composed by of his own free will, and unaided by the
anoforte for four bauds, iu C,
Beethoven in 1794: on a theme given him god, should wrest it from the giant. Wo-
by the Graf von Waldstein. Published by tan, therefore, assuming the name of
Artaria (Vienna, 1794) by Traeg (Vienna, ;
1795) and by Simrock (Bonn).

; Breitkopf
k Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie xv., No.
122. — Thayer, Verzeichniss, No. 31.
WALDWEBEN. See Siegfried.
WALKtJBE, DIE (The Valkyr), music
drama in three acts, by Eichard Wagner,
first represented (without the author's au-
thorization) at the Hofoper in Munich, June

20, 1870 the first regular performance was
;
at Bayreuth, Aug. 14, 1876. The second

drama in Der Binr/ des Nibeluugen. The
original Munich cast was as follows
Siegmuud Herr Vogl.

Hunding Herr Bausewein.
AVotan Herr Kindermann.
Sieglindc Frau Vogl.
Briiuuhildo Frl. Stehle.
Fricka Frl. Ivauf mann.
The original Bayreuth cast was :
Siegmund . Albert Niemann.

Hunding . . . Albert Filers,
Wotan Franz Betz.
Sieglindc. . . Josephine Schefifsky. Wiilse (Wolfe, or Volse), went down
to
Fricka Friedericke Griin. earth and begat,
by a mortal woman, a twin
Briinuhildc Amalie Fried- son and daughter, Siegmund and Sieglinde.
rich-Materna. These two were the Volsungs
first (Wiil-
Gerhilde Marie Haupt. sungen, or Wulfinge). During their child-
Ortlinde Marie Lehmann. hood they lived together with Wîilse
"NValtraute Luise Jaide. in the forest but one day Siegmund, re-
;
hjchwertleite ^ WalkUren -{
Johanna Jach- turning from hunting, found their hut
mann-Wagner. burnt to the ground, and his father and
Helmwigo LilliLehmann. sister gone. Sieglinde had been abducted
Siegrune Antoiuie Amann.
by one Hunding and his tribe, and was in
Grimgerde Hedwig Roicher- time forced to marry him. At the wedding
Kiiidermann.
the assembled company were astonished by
Bossweisso [ Minna Lammert.
J
the entrance of a stranger, whose face was
The great secret determination Wotan hidden by the broad rim of his hat he ;
formed end of Das llhcimjold was to

at the silently drew forth a sword from under his
regain the Ring from Faf ner but as the ; cloak, and, with a glance at Sieglinde,
giant had come into possession of the Ring plunged it up to the hilt into the ash-trunk
;
WALKtJRE
around which Hunding's hut was built, and ing, with her head in Siegmund's lap,
then departed. Sieghnde thought she rec- Brunuhilde appears, and announces to
ognized his eye, but dared not speak. All Siegmund his impending death. But he
the guests tried to draw the sword from so works upon her compassion that she,
the tree, but none could succeed. Sieg- at last, promises to shield him, and devote
mund, meanwhile, ignorant of his sister's Hunding to death. Hunding comes uj?,
fate, and forsaken by his father, lived a and is met by Siegmund, Briinnhilde hover-
roving life in the forest. One day he was ing over him to guard him with her shield.
beset by men of Hunding's tribe, and, over- But Wotan appears on Hunding's side
powered by numbers, his weapons broken, Siegmund's sword Nothung is shattered
was fain to seek safety in flight. It is at against the god's outstretched spear, and
this point that the action of Die Walkiire as Brunnhilde withdraws in dismay, Hund-
begins ; the scene opens in Hunding's hut.
The fugitive Siegmund seeks refuge in it,
and falls down, half dead with thirst and

exhaustion, by the hearth. Sieglinde finds
him there, and revives him with a draught
of mead. Hunding returns, and discovers
all too soon that his strange guest is his
tribe's enemy. The rights of hospitality,
however, are sacred to him ; Siegmund
shall rest over night under his roof, but
must prepare to fight the next morning.
When Hunding goes to rest, Sieglinde se-
cretly drugs his drink, and comes out to
join Siegmund. The pair fall desperately
in love Siegmund at length declares him-
;
self to be a Volsung, draws the sword

Nothung from the ash-trunk where Wiilse
had left it, and flies with his sister-bride.
The scene of the second act is on a wild
mountain pass. Wotan tells his daughter
Briinnhilde, the Valkyr (see Bulfinch, Age
of Fable, 440 ; Larousse, Walkyrie), of
the approaching meeting between Hunding
and Siegmund, and orders her to east the
lot of battle in the Volsung's favour. But
Fricka appears, enraged at Siegmund and
Sieglinde's crime against herself, the god-
dess of wedlock, and demanding their
punishment, wrests from Wotan the prom- Betz, as Wotan.
ise that Siegmund, and not Hunding,

shall be slain. Wotan reverses his coming plunges his spear through Siegmund's
mand to Brtlnnhilde, who sorrowfully heart. Briinnhilde hastily gathers up the
promises to obey. As both withdraw, fragments of Siegmund's sword, and, taking
Siegmund and his sister approach, on tlieir the senseless Sieglinde in her arms, flies
flightfrom Hunding Sieglinde faints with her from Wotan's wrath.
;
The third
from exhaustion, and as she lies sleep- act is on a mountain peak, the assembling
65<J
WALLACE
place of the Valkyrior, who come riding (1872), 211, 241, 259, 277, 292, 300, 321,
through the each one with the body of 369, 385, 401, 433, 453, 4G7, 497, (1877),
air,
a slain warrior thrown over her horse's 173 Krehbiel, Review (188G-87), 21 Up- ; ;
withers. Only Brunnhilde is wanting. She ton, Standard Operas, 291. For other bib-
comes last, bearing the trembling Sieglinde, liograjDhy, see liinrj des Nibelungen.
and craves protection from her sister against WALLACE, (WILLIAM) VINCENT,
Wotan's anger. She gives Sieglinde the born in Waterford, Ire-
pieces of the sword Nothung, tells her to land, July, 1, 1814, died
journey eastward, and announces to her at the Chateau de Bagen
that she shall one day give birth to the (Haute-Garonne), France,
greatest of heroes, whom she shall call Oct. 12, 18G5. Dramatic
Siegfried. As Sieglinde departs, Wotau composer and violinist.
comes up, full of wrath at Briinnhilde's His father, a Scotchman,
disobedience. Her punishment
shall be bandmaster and bassoon-
to be cast out from Valhalla, bereft of her player, went to Dublin,
goddess-hood, and cast into a deep sleep and was engaged in the
from which he who wakes her shall take orchestra of the Theatre Royal, in which
her to wife. But, upon her entreaties, he his son Wellington played second flute and
consents to surround her with a fierce fire Vincent the violin. In1829 the latter
that shall terrify all save the bravest hero. a23peared as a violinist in Dublin, and
As he kisses her to sleep, and summons played at the music festival held there in
the fire to jirotect her, the curtain falls. 1831, when he heard Paganini. In 1835 he
The most noted passages in the music are went to Australia, giving a concert in Syd-
the orchestral introduction in D minor ney at the request of the governor, Sir John
(thunder-storm) Siegmund's love-song
;
;
Burke. He then visited Tasmania, New
" Winterstiirme wichen dem Wonnemond," Zealand, the East Indies, Nepaul, Cash-
which leads to the first finale the Bide of ; mere, Valparaiso, Buenos Ayres, Lima, Ha-
the Valkyrior (Walkiirenritt) at the begin- vana, Tamjnco, Vera Cruz, Mexico, and
ning of act
III. Wotan's farewell to Brunn- New Orleans, giving concerts and meeting
;
and the magic fire-music, at the end. with many romantic adventures. On his
hilde,
Die Walkiire was fii'st given in Vienna, return to London in 1845 he composed the
INIarch 5, 1877 in New York, April 3, 1877,
; operas of Maritana, and Matilda of Hun-
under A. Neuendorff, with Mme Pappen- gary. In 1847 he went to Germany, where
heim as Brunnhilde, Frl. Cauissa as Sieg- he remained several years writing piano-
linde, Herr Bischoff as Siegmund, and forte music and doing some dramatic work,
Herr Preusser as Wotan. Its first perform- after which he travelled in North and South
ance at the Metropolitan Opera House was America, giving concerts. He was nearly
Nov. 30, 1884. Full and pianoforte score killed in a steamboat explosion in 1850,
published by Schott (Mainz) ; Wotans and lost his fortune by the failure of a
Abschied und Feuerzauber, for pianoforte, pianoforte factory in New York, in which
A. Jaell, 01). 121 (ib.) Feuerzauber for do., ; he had invested. In 1853 he returned to
Louis Brassin (ib.) Ritt der Walkuren ; London, and wrote the remainder of liis
and Siegmunds Liebesgesang, for do., Carl operas. Impaired health forced him to
Tausig (ib.).—Wagner, Ges. Schriften, vi. seek refuge in the Pyrenees, where he died.
;
Glasenapp, Richard Wagners Leben und His remains were taken to England and in-
Wirken, i. 3G9 Pohl, Wagner, 174, 20G,
; terred in Kensal Green Cemetery, near the
282, 297 ; Jullien, do., 224 Kastner, Wag-
; grave of Balfe, with whom he ranks as a
ner Catalog, 42, 5G ; Mus. Wochenblatt composer. Works. I. Operas Maritana,
:
500
\
; ;
WALLEXSTEIN
three acts, text by Fitzball, Drury Lane, Wien, ii. 449 Neue Zeitschr. (1868), 113, ;
London, Nov. 15, 18i5 Matilda of Hun- 126 Upton, Standard Symphonies, 216.
; ;
gary, three acts, text by Alfred Bunn, ib., WALLERSTEIN, ANTON, born in Dres-
1847 Lurline, three acts, text by Fitzball,
; den, Sept. 28, 1813, stHl living, 1890. Vio-
Covent Garden, Feb. 23, ISGO The ; appeared in concerts when a child,
linist,
Amber Witch, four acts, text by H. Chorley, became in 1829 member of the court or-
Her Majesty's, Feb. 28, 1861 Love's ; chestra in Dresden, and in 1832-41 of that
Triumph, three acts, text by Planche, Co- at Hanover, where he lived until 1858,
vent Garden, Nov, 3, 1862 The Desert ; when he settled in Dresden. Works :
Flower, three acts, text by Harris, ib., Oct. About 300 pieces of dance music ; Varia-
12, 1863 ; The Maid of Zurich (not given) tions for violin with orchestra ; Songs.
Estrella (left unfinished) ; Guluare, operetta, —Mendel.
Olga, do. n. Pianoforte music: La gon- WiVLLISER, CHRISTOPH THOMAS,
dola, op. 18 3 nocturnes, oj). 20
; Chant born in Strasburg ;
d'amour, op. 26 Tarantellas ;Transcrip- in 1568, died ;
tions and arrangements from operas. HI. there, April 26,

Songs The Gypsy Maid Silent love Star 1648.
: ; Church ;
of love Wood-nymph, etc. He wrote also composer, vicar

;
a concerto for the violin, which he played and music director

'
first in Dublin, May, 1834, a Mass, given in at the cathedral,
Mexico, 1844, and a cantata. A. Pougin, at St. Thomas' —
William Vincent Wallace, etude biographi- Church, and a t
que et critique (Paris, 1866) ; Grove. the University of
WALLENSTEIN, MAETIN, born at Strasburg. Works : Chorus nubium ex
Frankfort-on-the-Main, July 22, 1843, still Aristophanis comcedia, etc. (Strasburg,
living, 1890. Pianist, pupil of Dreyschock, 1613) Chori musici novi harmonicis, etc. ;
and in Leipsic of Hauptmann and Kietz (ib., 1641) Catecheticre cantiones odreque ;
;
made for himself a reputation on numerous spirituales, etc. (ib., 1611) ; Sacra3 modula-
concert tours. Works : Das Testament, tioues in festum nativitatis Christi (ib.,
comic opera in two acts, Frankfort-on-the- 1613) Ecclesiodire, i.e., Kirchcngesiinge ;
Main, Jan. 29, 1870 Concerto for piano- Oder Psalmen Davids (ib., 1614) Ecclesi-
; ;
forte ;Overture for orchestra. odije novfc, motets for 4-7 voices (ib.,
WALLENSTEIN SY:\IPH0NIE, for or- 1625) Herrn Wilhelni Salusten von Bartas ;
chestra, by Joseph Rheinberger, oj). 10, Triumph desGlaubens (ib., 1627).— Fctis
first performed in 1868. This, the com- Mendel Riemann. ;
poser's first symphony, has for its subject WALLNOFER, ADOLF, born in Vienna,
Schiller's hero, Wallenstein. In the third April 26, 1854, still liv-
movement, which is frequently played at ing, 18 90.Dramatic

concerts, and which describes Wallenstein's singer (tenor) and com-
camp, the old Netherland song, "Wilhel- poser, pupil of Roki-
mus von Nassau," is introduced. I. Vor- tansky in singing, of
spiel, Allegro H. Thekla, Adagio
; HI. ; Waldm idler, Krenn, and
Wallenstein's Lager (Wallenstein's Camp), DcssofY in composition.
Scherzo, and Capuzinerpredigt (Capuchin He was at first a bari-
Sermon), Poco pin moderate TV. Wallen- ;
tone, and appeared in
stein's Tod (Wallenstein's Death), Finale. Vienna in concerts, but

The score was published by Fritzsch (Leip- developed in 1880 into a tenor was en- ;
sic, 1868). Hanslick, —Concertwesen in gaged at the Stadttheater in OlmUtz, Mora-

661
; ;
WALLWORTH
via, tlien in1882 with Neumann's travelling became in 1810 organist at St. Martin-in-
Wagner compan}', afterwards at the Stadt- the-Fields. Works Six glees, 1814 Un- : ;
theater in Bremen, and is now at the German derneath this stone (Ben Jonson), round,
Landestheater in Prague. Works Eddy- 1815 The fairy of the dale, trio, 1815: ; ;
stone, opera, Prague, Die Grenzen Collection of glees, trios, rounds, and can-
1889 ;
der Menscheit, for solo, chorus, and orches- ons, 1826 6 glees, 1830 3 canons, 1840 ; ; ;
tra Der Blumen Eache, do. Many songs Tell me, gentle hour of night, duet, 1840
; ;
;
and ballads. Sacred songs, text by E. B. Impey, 1841.

WALLWORTH, THOMAS ADLING- Other songs and glees. Grove. —
TON, born in Liverpool, England, Jan. 18, WALTER, ALBERT, born at Coblentz
1831, still living, 1890. Composer, pupil in the second half of the 18tli century,
at the Royal Academy of Music, London, died (?). Clarinetist, went early to Paris,
where, and at the Guildhall School of Mu- where he entered the orchestra of the
sic, ho is professor of singing. He has sung Theatre Montansier, was afterwards in the
as a baritone at concerts and in opera in Garde Consulaire, and in 1805 became
London. Works Kevin's Choice, opera sous-chef de musique in the Garde Im-
:
;
Songs, and part-songs. He is author also periale. After the Restoration he lived
of didactic works. in Paris without permanent employment.
WALmSLEY, THOMAS ATTWOOD, Works Symphonie concertante, for 2 clar-
:
born in London, Jan. 21, 1814, died at inets and orchestra 6 quartets for clarinet
;
Hastings, Jan. 17, 1856. Organist, pupil and strings ; Pots-pourris for 2 clarinets ;
of Thomas Attwood ; became organist of Airs varies for do. Waltzes for clarinet ;
Croydon Church in 1830, and of Trinity, Duos for flutes 6 do. for flute and violin ;
;
and St.John's Colleges, Cambridge, 1833, Airs varies for flute. Fetis ; Mendel. —
when he received the degree of Mus. Bac. WALTER, AUGUST, born in Stuttgart
In 1836 he became professor of music at in 1821, still living, 1890. Instrumental
Cambridge, where he received the degrees and vocal composer, pupil of Molique on
of B. A. in 1838 M. A. in 1841 and Mus. the violin and in composition, then in Vi-
; ;
Doc. in 1848. He was among the first to enna of Sechter in counterpoint. In 1846
deliver lectures on music with practical he became music director at Basel. Works :
illustrations, and he was a great exponent Symphony for orchestra Octet for string ;
of Bach, whose compositions were little and wind instruments 8 quartets for ;
known in England at that time. Works strings Choruses for male voices, and : ;
Cathedral service in B-flat Dublin prize songs. Fetis Mendel.

; — ;
anthem Music to an ode written by the

; WALTER, IGNAZ, born at Radowitz,
Bishop of Lincoln for the installation of Bohemia, in 1759, died at Ratisbon in 1830.
Lord Camden as chancellor of the Univer- Dramatic singer (tenor) and composer, pu-
sity, 1835 Music to two other odes for pil of Starzer in Vienna was engaged at
; ;
similar occasions for the Duke

Northum- the Hof theater there in 1779, at Pi-ague in
of
berland, and for the installation of the 1783, and at Mainz in 1789 then went to ;
Prince Consort, text by Wordsworth Fair Frankfort and Hanover, joined Grossmann's
;
is the warrior's mural crown, 1842 Duets troupe in 1793, and after Grossmann's death
;
for pianoforte and oboe Trios Anthems assumed its management at Bremen, taking
; ;
;
Songs. He published a "Collection of it to Frankfort and Ratisbon. Works Op- —

Services and Anthems " (London, 1857). erettas Der Kaufmann von Smyrna Der : ;
W.ILMISLEY, THOMAS FORBES, born ausgepriigelte Teufel ; Fiinfundzwanzig-

in London in 1783, died there, July 23, tausend Gulden ; Graf Waltron ; Die bose
1806. Organist, pupil of Thomas Attwood Frau ; Der Trank der Unsterblichkeit ;
662
;
WALTHER
Doktor Faust ; and several Can- and on terms of intimacy in Weimar with,
others.
tata for coronation of Leopold 11.
the Johann Sebastian Bach, and it is scarcely
;
Friedens-Cantate 6 masses 6 motets

; ;to be doubted that the latter profited
;
Christmas cantata ;
Quartet for harp, flute, from their intercovu-se. Mattheson had
violin, and violoncello ; etc. — Fetis ; Men- the highest opinion of him, and called him
del. the second Pachelbel. Concerto Works :
WALTHER, JOHANN, born in a village for pianoforte Prelude and fugue

; 3 ;
near Cola, Thuringia, in 1496, died at chorals with variations In manuscript ;
Torgau, in 1570. Church composer ; was about 119 chorals with variations for
a singer in the electoral chapel in 1524, the organ, and 92 for voices Preludes ;
and Hof-Kapellmeister in 1525, at Torgau, Fugues Toccatas. He was author of Mu-

;
whence he was called to Wittenberg by sikalisches Lexicon oder Musikalische Bib-

Luther, to assist in the formation of the liothek (Leipsic, 1732). Futis Gerber — ; ;
German mass. After his return to Torgau Mendel Riemann Schilling Mattheson,
; ; ;
the chapel was broken up for financial rea- Ehren-Pforte, 387.

sons, in 1530, but the singers formed a so- WAMBACH, £MILE, bom at Arlon,
ciety for church music and again chose him Luxemburg, in 1854, still living, 1890.
to lead them. He was called to Dresden Violinist, and organist,
pianist, fii'st in-
by Moritz of Saxony, in 1548, to organize structed on the violin by Hoeben, at Ant-
the new chapel choir, and returned to Tor- werp, then pupil of Colyns at the Brussels
gau in 1555 with a pension. He was one Conservatoire, and of Benoit, Mertens, Hen-
of the earliest Protestant church composers, nen, and Callaerts at the Antwerp Conser-
and edited the first Protestant singing book. vatoire. He is one of the most promising
Works Geystlich Gesaugk Buchleyn (Wit-
: representatives of the young Flemish school.
tenberg, 1524) Cantio septem vocum in
; Works Feest-Cantate, for the Rubens fes-
:
laudem Dei omnipotentis et Evangelii ejus tival, Antwerp, 1877 Aan de Voorden van ;
(Wittenberg, 1544) Magnificat 8 touorum ; de Schelde, symphonic poem Nathans ;
(15G1) Ein gar schoner geistlicher uud

; Parabol, drama Hymni sacris sollemues,
;
christlicher neuer Bergkreyen, etc. Das ;

for chorus and orchestra Memorare, for ;
christlich Kinderlied Dr. Martin Luthers, do.; Vlaanderlaud, do. (male chorus); De
Erhalt uns Herr bei deinem Wort Some ; Lente, for female chorus and orchestra ;
pieces in collections of music compiled by Feest-Marsch, for orchestra ; Burlesca, fan-

Georg Rhaw and Forster Ein newes christ- ;
taisie humoristique, for do.; Fantasia, for
liches Lied. —Mendel; and orchestra Church
Riemann ; Fetis; do. ; do. for violin ;
Schilling ; Walther Winterfeld, music

Gerber ;
Pianoforte pieces ;
Songs. FOtis, ; ; —
Kirchengesang, i. 163 Reissmann, Illustr. Supplement, ii. 659 Riemann.
; ;
Gesch. der Mus., 178 Ambros, Gesch., iii. WANDA, Bohemian tragic opera in five
;
410. acts, text by Sumawsky, music by Dvorak,
WALTHER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED, first represented in Prague, April, 1876.

born at Erfurt, Nov. 18, 1684, died at Wei- The from the Polish of Sagyfiski.
libretto is
mar, March 23, 1748. Organist, pupil of A N D E R B I L D E B (Pictures ofVoot- W
Jakob Adelung, Johann Bernhard Bach, Travel), two books for pianoforte, by Adolf
and Kretschmar became organist of the Jensen, op. 17.
;
Published by Peters
Thomaskirche in his native town in 1702, (Leipsic).
and in 1707 city organist at Weimar, where WANDERER, DER (The Wanderer),
he was appointed court musician in 1720, three songs, with pianoforte accompani-
and taught music to the children of the ment, by Schubert, op. 4. I. Der Wanderer
ducal family. He was a near relative to, (text by Georg Filipp Schmidt) II. Morgon- ;
563
; ;:;
WANDERER-FANTASIE
lied (text Weruer)
by III Wanderers; visit Italy he spent some time in Venice,
;
Nacbtlied by
(text Goethe). The auto- where he met Gluck, then went to Bologna,
graph of No. 1, owned by Johannes Brahms, where he was presented to Joseph H., who
is dated 181G, and that of No. 3, in the Ku- was then travelling, and finally spent five
iiighche Bibliothek, 1815. Published by months in Rome, where he WTote two op-
Schreiber (Vienna, 1821). eras, under the advice of Gassmann. After
WANDEIIER-F.\:XTASIE, for the piano- his return to Vienna, he was temporarDy
by Schubert, op. 15, composed
forte, in C, deranged, and on his recovery found a home
in 1820. The theme of the second move- in the family of Count Erdudy. He pro-
ment is from Schubert's song, Der Wan- duced an api)alling number of compositions,
dtrer, op. 4:, No. 1. I. Allegro con fuoco ma and only later in life devoted himself more
uon troppo II. Adagio III. Presto. Pub- exclusively to teaching. The remai'kable
; ;
lished by Schreiber (Vienna, 1823). Ar- fact that this composer of unquestionable
rangement for the pianoforte and orchestra, merit is so completely forgotten, even in
by Franz Liszt, published by Schreiber musical circles, may perhajDS be explained
(Vienna). by the fact that he was contemporary with
WANDERSLEB, ADOLPH, born at Haydn, IMozart, and Beethoven. Works
Werniugshausen, Gotha, Jan. 8, 1810, still R trionfo di Clelia, oj)era, Rome, 1764
living, 1890 (?). Instrumental and vocal Demofoonte, do., ib., 1770 2 masses with ;
composer, pujiil of his elder brother, and orchestra 2 ofiJertories, do. 12 symphonies ; ;
at the seminary in Gotha of pastor Muller. for strings, 2 oboes and 2 horns 12 quar- ;
He became one of the most successful tets for strings 12 trios for do.; duos ;
teachers at Gotha, especially of singing, for violins ;

Quartets (concerti) for piano-
founded in 1837 and conducted for many forte and strings do., with flute Trios for
; ;
years the Liedertafel, and from 1844 con- pianoforte and strings 5 sonatas for piano-;
ducted also the Gesangverein, founded in forte (4 hands) ; 4 do. (2 hands) ; G sonatas
1819 by Romberg. Works Die Bergknap- : for violin and pianoforte Many variations, ;
pen, opera, Gotha, 1840 Lanval, do., three

;
fantasias, dances, and other music for jiiano-
acts, text by L. B. Wolf, Gotha, 1853 Many ; forte Fugues, preludes, etc., for organ
; ;
choruses and songs Pianoforte pieces

; and in manuscript 88 symphonies : 94 ;
Music for violoncello. Mendel. — quartets for sti'ings 23 masses, 2 Requiem,

;
WANHAL (Vanhal, van Hall), JOHANN and other church music, etc. Dlabacz —
B.Vl^TIST, born at Neu-Nechanitz, Bohemia, Futis Mendel Riemann
; ; Wurzbach. ;
May 12, 1739, died in Vienna, Aug. 2G, WANN SOLE ES DOCH GESCHEHEN,
1813. Instrumental and vocal composer, figured choral in D major, for four-part
son of a peasant of a family from Holland ;
chorus, with accompaniment of three trum-
first instructed at Marscherdorf by one pets, drums, two flutes, two oboes, strings
Kozak, then in his native place by Anton complete, and continuo, in Johann Sebas-
Erban, especially on the organ. While a tian Bach's cantata (Oratorium), Lobet Gott
boy he acquired facility on several instru- in seiuen Reichen. The melody seems to
ments, and at eighteen was organist at be original.
Opo^no. Having attracted attention by WANSKI, JOHANN NEPOMUK, born in
violin and organ concerts, he was sent in Posen, about the beginning of this century,
17G0 to Vienna by the Countess Schaflf- died probably at Aix-en-Provence (Bouches-
gotsche, to study under Schleyer, but he du-RhOne) (?). Violinist, son of Jan Wafiski
soon left him to study the scores of the (born in Poland, 17G2, once much esteemed
great masters. Through the munificence aa a national composer) studied music at ;
of Freihcrr von Riesch, he was enabled to [

Wiu-saw, and was afterwards for several
^Gl
;
WAR
months pupil of Baillot in Paris. He trav- the same year he became professor at the
elled in Southern France, Italy,
Spain, Conservatoire, and in 1869 conductor of the
and Switzerland, and finding his health Societe de Musique. In 1870 he founded
impaired, settled at Aix, in 1839, where a music school in
suburb of Brussels, a
he married a Frenchwoman and devoted which is still under his direction, and in
himself to teaching. Works Concertino, 187G was appointed inspector of the schools
:
many etudes, caprices, fantaisies, variations, in that district. Works Une heure de :
etc., for violin Gymnastique des doigts et mariage, opcra-comique, Strasburg, 1865
;
de I'archet Method for violin

; do, for Cantato patriotique, Ghent, 1867.
; Fetis, —
viola L' harmonic, ou la science des ac- Supplement, ii. 661.
;
cords. —
Fctis, Sujiplemeut, ii. G59 Rie- WAROT, CHARLES, born at Dunkirk,
;
mann. Nov. 14, 1804, died at Brussels, July 29,

WAE, HE
SUNG, IS TOIL AND 1836. Violinist and dramatic composer,
TROUBLE, soprano aria in A minor, with pujîl of Fridzeri at Antwerp, where and at
accompaniment of violins in unison, and Maestricht he appeared in public with suc-
bass, in Handel's Alexander's Feast, Part I., cess. Having devoted himself entirely to
No. 9. composition, he was obliged after the Bel-
WARD, FREDERICK, born in Birming- gian revolution of 1830, which had ruined
ham, England, Dec. 2G, 1845, still living, his father financially, to accept the post of
1890. Violinist, conductor at the princijjal second chef d'orchestre at the Theatre de
concerts in Birmingham and in the Midland la Monnaie in Brussels. Works Operas — :
counties, England. Works Concert over- L'aveugle de Clarcns, ou la vallee Suisse,

:
ture for orchestra Concerto for clarinet Antwerp, 1829

; Le naufrage de Cadet- ;
and orchestra 10 string quartets Songs. Roussel, opera-folie, ib., 1829 L'officieux,
; ; ;
WARD, JOHN, English composer of the ou I'enlcvement Lequel des trois ? Lord ; ;
16th and 17th centuries, died about IGIO. Mairend Lc pirate. 3 messes solenuelles ; ;
Works The First Set of EngHsh Madrigals Requiem, with full orchestra Lauda Sion
: ; ;
to 3, 4, 5, and 6 parts, apt for both Viols Salve Regina Cantique de Noel Several ; ;
and Voyces (London, 1G13) Evening ser- chansons patriotiques

; Cantatas, motets, ;
vice and 2 anthems, published in Barnard's pieces for wind band, etc. Fetis, Supple- —
Church Music (London, 1G41). He con- ment, ii. 661.
tributed to Sir William Leigliton's The WAROT, NOEL AD- CONSTANT
Teares or Lamentacions of a Sorrowful OLPHE, born at Antwerp, Nov. 28, 1812,
Soule (London, 1G14). Scores of Ward's died at Saint-Josse-ten-Noode-lez-Bruxelles,
church music are in Barnard's MS. collec- April 10, 1875. Violoncellist, brother of the
tions in the library of the Sacred Harmonic preceding appointed in 1852 professor at ;
Society of London. the Brussels Conservatoire. Works : Duo

WARNOTS, HENRY, born at Brussels, for 2 violoncellos ; Air varic and fantaisie,
July 11, 1832, 1890. Dramatic
still living, for do., with pianoforte ; Method for violon-
singer and composei', son and pu-

(tenor) cello ; La chasse, Choi'us for male voices ;
pil of Jean Ai-nold Warnots (organist and 40 leyons melodiques a 2, Ro-

3 et 4 voix ;
church composer, 1801-Gl), and pupil at mances and melodies. — Fetis, Supplement,
the Conservatoire, where he won prizes for ii. 662.
pianoforte, organ, and harmony studied ;
WAROT, VICTOR, born in Ghent, in
counterpoint under Fetis made his dt'but ; 1808, died at Bois-de-Colombcs (Seine), near
at Liege in 185G, then held engagements Paris, in July, 1877. Dramatic composer,
on various stages in Franco, Belgium, and brother of the preceding and pupil of Frid-
Holland, last at Brussels in 1867, where in zeri learned to play on many instruments,
;
; ;
WARREN
and acquired a rare knowledge of orches- tune, II me suffit de tous mes maux (1529)
tral resources. He was chef d'orchestre at it is known in the Lutheran Church as Was
Amsterdam, and other cities, lived several mein Gott will, das g'scheh' allzeit.
years at Dijon, was professor at Eennes WASSERFLtJSSEN BABYLON, AN
fifteen years, and settled in Paris in 1855. (By the Waters of Babylon), choral, by
— Works —
Operas- comiques La reiue : Wolfgang Dachstein, on Psalm cxxxvii.
est la, Les penitents rouges, do., Dijon, This, the composer's most celebrated cho-
1834 ; La novia ; LV'picier de Paris ; Camille ral, was published in " Das dritte Theil
first
et Doliuce. Morceaux symphoniques Strassburger Kirchenampt " (Strasburg,

Quartets ; Mass with grand or- 1525). Winterfeld,
Cantatas ; — Der evang. liirchen-
chestra, and several minor pieces of church gesang, i. 136.
music. — Supplement, ii. 662.
Ft'tis, WASSERNECK, DER
(The Water
WARREN, GEORGE WILLL\:\I, born Nymph), cantata for female voices, with or-
in Albany, New York, Aug. 17, 1828, still chestra, music by Richard Wiierst, op. 30,
living, 1890. Organist, self-educated. In first performed in Berlin in 1853. Pub-
1816-58 he was organist at St. Petei-'s, Al- lished by Bahn (Berlin, 1854).
bany, then of Holy Trinity, Brooklyn. In WASSERTRAGER, DER. See Deux
1870 he became organist and music direc- journees.
tor at St. Thomas's Church, New York, WASS IMUSS ICH HOREN. See Flie-
which post he still holds. He has published gende Hollander.
Te Deum, anthems, hymns, and other WAS WILLST DU DICH, MEIN
church music, and pieces for the jîanoforte GEIST, tenor aria in C-sharp minor, with
(Pond & Co., New York) and Warren's
; accompaniment of oboe d' amore and con-
Hymns and Tunes, as sung at St. Thomas's tinuo, in Johanu Sebastian Bach's cantata
Church (Harper &; Brothers, New York, Dom. XVI. post Trinit., Liebster Gott,
1888). wann werd' ich sterben (Bachgesellschaft,
WARREN, SAMUEL PROWSE, Published also separately, with
born in No. 8).
Montreal, Canada, Feb. 18, 1841, still living, the accompaniment filled out by Robert
1890. Organist, went in 1861 to Berlin, Franz (Leipsic, Whistling).
where he studied the organ, theory, and WATER MUSIC, suite for two solo vio-
composition under August Haupt, the lins, two oboes, two horns, two trumpets,
pianoforte under Gustav Schumann, and flute, bassoon, piccolo, and strings, com-
instrumentation under Wieprecht. In posed by Handel and first performed on
1865 he settled in New York, where he the Thames, Aug. 22, 1715, when George I.
was organist at All Souls Church in 1865- and the Royal family sailed from Limehouse
67, and afterwards at Grace and Trinity to Whitehall. Handel followed the royal
Churches. He is now (1890) organist and barge with his orchestra, and performed this
musical director at Grace Church. He has suite to the delight of the king, who asked
published church music, transcriptions for the name of its composer. Baron Kilmann-
the organ, and songs. segge pleaded for Handel, who was then
WAS GLEICHT WOHL AUF ERDEN. in disgrace, and he was received again at
See Der Freischiitz, court and given a pension of £200 per
WAS MEIN GOTT WILL, choral in B annum, in addition to the same amount
minor, for Coro and II., with accompani-
I. givenhim previously by Queen Anne. The
ment of two flutes, two oboes, strings com- Water Music consists of twenty-one move-
plete, organ, and continuo, in Johaun Se- ments : I. Overture, Introduction, and
bastian Bach's Passion nach Matthiius, Part Fugue in F ; H. Adagio ; HI. Movement
I., No. 31. The melody is an old French in triple time ; TV. Andante ; V. Movement
5<iG
WATIER
in triple time VI. Air in F VII. Move-
; ; Schumann, Ges. Schriften, ii. 99 ; Neue
ment in triple time VIII. Bourree IX. ; ; Zeitschr., x. 185.
Hornpipe X. Movement in D XI. Do.
; ; ;
WEBB, GEORGE JA3HES, born at
Xn. Movement in 3-2 time XIII. Move- ; Rushmore Lodge, near Salisbury, England,
ment in the form of a Sarabande XTV. ; June 24, 1803, died at Orange, New Jersey,
Aria in G XV. Lentement XVI. Move-
; ; Nov. 7, 1887. Organist, went in 1830 to
ment in the form of a Bourrue XVII. Me- ; Boston, Massachusetts, where he taught the
nuet XVTH. Menuet XIX. Movement in
; ; pianoforte was in 1836 one
and singing ;
C minor XX Movement in G XXI.

; ; of the founders of the Boston Academy of
Coro in D. The original autograph is IMusic, and one of the first there to conduct
lost,but two undated movements, differing oratorios and symphonies. Li 1876 he re-
from the printed copies, are preserved in movetl to Orange and taught in New York.
the British Museum. It was first published He composed church music and published
by Walsh (London, 1740) by Arnold (ib., ; five collections, besides one with Lowell
about 1780). An arrangement for the pi- Mason, one with William Mason, and one
anoforte for four hands, by C. Burchard, with C. G. Allen. He published also two
was published by Bernard Friedel (Dres- periodicals The Musical Library (1835- :
—
den and Zittau, 18G2). Kockstro, Handel, 36), with Lowell Mason, and the Musical
96 Schoelcher, do., 70 Marshall, do., 59
; Cabinet (1837-40), with W. Hayward.
; :
Mainwaring, do., 85 Hawkins, v. 269 WEBBE, SAIVIUEL, born of EngHsh

;
;
Hanslick, Concertwesen in Wien, ii. 384 parentage, in Mi- ;
Vierteljahrschrift fiir Musikwissenschaft norca, in 1740, died

(1887), iii. 14 ; Grove, iv. 384 in London, May 25,
WATIER, FEANgOIS, born at Pas-en- 1816. Organist,
Artois (Pas-de-Calais), April 6, 1806, died (?). pupil of Charles
Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of Barbandt. He be-
Baumann at Lille, then studied in Paris, gan to compose
especially Wilhelm's method of instruction, about 1763, chiefly
which he promoted actively after his return vocal music with-
"
to Lille. Works Three masses for male out accompani-
:
voices, with military band Te Deum for ment. In 1776 he was made master of the
;
do. 3 cantatas with orchestra

; Ouverture Portuguese Chapel, London from 1784
; ;
solennelle, for military band Collection of till his death he was secretary to the Noble-
;
—
choruses for male voices. Fetis Mendel. men and Gentlemen's Catch Club was
; ;
WAVERLEY, overture for orchestra, in n:iade librarian of the Glee Club in 1787,
D, by Hector Berlioz, op. 1, first given at and for several years organist of the Sar-
the Conservatoire, Paris, May 26, 1828. dinian embassy. Works : A Collection of
Although numbered as the first opus, this sacred music as used in the Chapel of the
overture was not composed until after the King of Sardinia (London) A Collection ;
overture to Les francs-juges, op. 3, Berlioz's of Masses with an accompaniment for the
first instrumental work. The subject is organ (ib., 1792) Eight Anthems, the ;
from Sir Walter Scott's romance "Wa- organ parts by Victor Novello Collection ;
verley." The score, dedicated to Col. F. of Original Psalm Tunes for 3 and 4 voices
Marmion, was published by Richault with his son (folio) and nine books of ;
(Paris), and by Hofmeister (Leipsic). Pi- glees at various periods from 1794, which
anoforte arrangement for four hands, by were republished with additions in three
Hofmeister (Leipsic), and by Loibrock volumes, folio. 25 Glees, 36 catches, and
(Brunswick).— Jullien, Berlioz (1888), 84 ;
9 canons by him are in Warren's Collections.
;
AVEBBE
He WTote in all about 200 glees, for which 1792 second Kapellmeister at the Kunig-
he received twelve i^rizes. The best known stiidter Theater in Berlin, remaining there
are Glorious AjôUo
: Come live with me as royal Kapellmeister after its union
; ;
Thy voice, O harmony To me the wan- with the Italian opera. Works Operas:
; —
ton girls ye vain delights ; Dis- Menoceus, thi-ee acts, Hanover, 1792 Hyala
; Hence, all ;
cord, dire sister The mighty conqueror of uud Evander, Vienna, 1796 Mudarra, four
; ;
hearts Swiftly from the mountain's brow

; acts, Berlin, 1800 Hero, about 1800 (not ; ;
"When winds breathe soft. He left also given) ;Die Wette Der Kosak und der
;
canons, catches, anthems, and masses. Freiwillige, about 1810 Sulmalla, 1802 ;
;
WEBBE, SAJVIUEL, Junior, born in Deodata, Vienna, 1810 Sappho, 181G Her- ; ;
Minorca in 1770, died in Hammersmith, mann und Thusnelda, 1819. Music to about
London, Nov. 25, 1843. Organist, jjupil of forty dramas, including Schiller's Tell and
his father Samuel Webbo and of Clementi. Jungfrau von Orleans Cantatas for special
;
He was organist of tlie Unitarian Church in occasions Arias Songs Sonatas for jîano-
; ; ;
Paradise Street, Liverpool, of the Spanish forte, etc. Mendel Fctis Riemann Ger- — ; ; ;
ambassador's chapel, London, and of St. ber Schilling do.. Supplement, 436. ; ;
Nicholas's Church and St. Patrick's Eoman WEBER, CARL MARIA (FRIEDRICH
Catholic Chapel, Liverpool. Prizes were ERNST), Freiherr
given to him for Ah friendship, catch, 179i VON, born at Eutiu,
Resonate Jovem, canon, 1795 and Come ;in the grand duchy
follow me, canon, 1795. His works consist of Oldenburg, Dec.
of songs, motets, catches, canons, and glees, 18, 1786, died in
of which " Come away, death " has the most London, June 5,
merit. He published A Collection of Mo- 1826. Next to the
tets or Antiphons for 1, 2, 3, and 4 voices Bachs of Sebastian's
(London) Collection of Psalm Tunes (ib.,
; generation, and that
1808) ; Convito armonico, collection of '/
of his sons, Weber
madrigals, elegies, glees, canons, catches, probably the mostis
duets, etc., selected from the works of noteworthy example of musical heredity in
eminent composers (4 vols., ib.) L' Amico ; history. His mother was a singer, and his
del Principiante, 28 short Solfa-ing Exer- father, Franz Anton Weber, a distinguished
cises (ib., 2d ed., by J. B. Sale) 42 vocal ; viola player, virtuoso on the double-bass,
Exercises Short Exercises for Young
; and operatic Kapellmeister. Two of his
Singers Harmony Epitomised, or Ele-
; elder step-brothers, Fritz and Edmund,
ments of the Thoroughbass. were excellent musicians, pupils of Josef
WEBER, BERNHARD ANSELM, born Haydn. His grandfather, Fridolin von
in Mannheim, April 18, 17G6, died in Ber- Weber, was a good singer, violinist, and or-
lin, March 23, 1821. Abt
Pianist, pupil of ganist, and his great-grandfather, Josef
Vogler, of Einberger, and of Holzbauer ;
Franz Xaver Weber, an enthusiastic lover
studied law, philosophy, and theology at the of music and the stage. His uncle, Frido-
University of Heidelberg, but soon gave lin Weber (son of the above-mentioned
himself up to the pursuit of music. He trav- Fridolin) was a good singer and violinist,
elled as a virtuoso on
newly invented R«jllig's three of whose daughters, Josepha, Aloysia,
instrument, the Xiinorphika, and in 1787 and Sophie, were noted singers, and another
became director of music at a theatre in daughter, Constanze, was Mozart's wife.
Hanover. Li 1790 he travelled with Vogler So Carl Maria von Weber was Mozart's first
through Germany and Holland to Stock- cousin by marriage. His father's dream had
holm, and on his return was aj^pointed in always been to have one of his children turn
568
WEBER
out to be a musical prodigy, like Mozart, brought out in Augsburg in 1803 (?). Soon
and accordingly, as soon as the young Carl after this he went to Vienna, where he made
gave evidence of talent, which he did at an the acquaintance of Abt Vogler, under whose
early age, he was put to study under his elder guidance he began to study with more seri-
brother, Fritz, who was fresh from Haydn's ousness than ever before. Li 1804 Vogler
teaching. In 1796 the boy got more com- obtained for him the position of Kapell-
still
petent instruc- meister at the Breslau Stadttheater, which

tion in Hildburg- he gave up in 180G to enter the service of
hausen from J. P. Prince Eugen of Wiirtemberg, at Karlsruhe,
Heuschkel, and in Silesia, as music
director. Soon after-
next year from wards he went with his father to Stuttgart as
Michael Haydn, secretary to Prince Ludwig, and music
in Salzburg. teacher to his daughters. Here he wrote
From 1798 to his first larger opera, Sylvana. Duke Lud-
1800 he studied wig was a dissolute nobleman, leader of an
theory in Munich equally dissolute set, and Weber was drawn
under J. N. Kal- into all sorts of dissipations, both in court
cher, court organist, and singing under Va- and Bohemian circles it was perhaps well
;
lesi. While with Kalcher, he wrote his first that a silly freak of his father's unwittingly
opera. Die Macht der Liebe und des Weius, called down upon him the King's displeas-
and some other compositions, the scores of ure, just as his Sylvana was going into re-
which he probably destroyed afterwards. hearsal, and father and son were sent out of
But a set of jîanoforte variations, opus 2, Wiirtemberg. In February, 1810, he went
had a difierent fate it was lithogi-aphed by to Mannheim, where he met Gottfried
;
himself. He had become acquainted with Weber, and brought out his first symphony
Aloys Senefelder, the inventor of lithogra- with great success, besides exciting much
phy, and had worked in his shop. In time enthusiasm by his pianoforte playing. Li
he became so interested in lithography that April he moved to Darmstadt, to study once
he almost gave up composing. He made, or more with Vogler. In 1811 his Abu Hassan
thought he had made, some new discovery, was brought out in Munich, and Sylvana,
and his father, wishing to carry it out on a which had already been produced at Frank-
large scale, decided to move to Freiberg, in fort-on-the-Main in 1810, was given, with
Saxony. He went thither in 1800, Carl additions, in Berlin in 1812. After spend-
Maria giving concerts on the way in Leipsic ing some time successively in ^lunich,
and other towns. But in Freiberg the Bitter Leipsic, Berlin, and at the courts of Gotha
von Steinberg, whose ojDcra comjmny was and Weimar, Weber was appointed Kapell-
playing there, offered him a libretto. Das meister of the Landstiindisches Theater in
Waldmiidchen, and this opportunity made Prague in 1813, which post he held up to
him forget all his enthusiasm for lithog- 1816, when he was called to Dresden by the
raphy. The opera was brought out on King to organize and conduct the new Ger-
Nov. 24th, with only fair success, but made man Opera. In setting this new institution
a far better impression afterwards in Chem- on foot Weber showed the greatest energy
nitz and Vienna. The lithographic scheme and capacity. Although some of liis songs
proved a failure, and by November, 1801, and pianoforte music were well enough
Weber was back in Salzburg, where he once known and liked throughout Germany, ho
more took up his studies under Michael can hardly bo said to have become really
Haydn, and wrote his second opera, Peter famous until 1821, when his Freiscliiitz
Schraoll und seine Nachbarn, which was placed him at once on the pinnacle of popu-
509
AVEBER
larity. His Euryanthe, on the other hand, the field ofall others in which his wonder-
had a ephemeral success in Vienna, in

vei'y ful melodic invention, his dramatic power,
1823, being Aveighed down by a poor li- his poetic imaginativeness, and almost un-
bretto, and soon ousted by Rossini's operas, exampled freshness and brilliancy of style,
then at the high tide of popular favour. It could show themselves to the best advan-
had, however, a more lasting success in tage. He was the idol of almost all the
Berlin in 1825. In 1824 Weber, never of young German composers of note who came
a robust constitution, found his health so after him. Marschner and Liudpaintner
seriously impaired that he had to give up founded themselves on him almost slavishly ;
work, and go to Marienbad. In Januar}', and Mendelssohn, Schumann, and Wagner

1825, however, he was so far recovered that all passed through a period when they were
he could begin work on Oberon, which had bound to him, heart and soul. Berlioz's
been ordered of him by Charles Kemble admiration for him was life-long. Works :
for Coveut Garden, in London. But he had I. Operas Das Waldmildchen (three
:
to interrupt work again in the early summer,

and go to Ems for the waters. Consump-
tion declared itself still, in September he
;
returned to the score of Oberon, finishing

it in London, whither he went in March,
1826, to superintend its production. Al-

though it was evident to all that he was in
his last sickness, he overexerted himself at
some concerts, and at the rehearsals and
performance of Oberon (April 12th)
wished to return to Dresden to see his fam-
ily, but he did not live to leave London.
he ;
Mm
He was buried in Moorfield's Chapel on
June 21st, and his remains were trans- Birthplace of von Weber,
ferred to Dresden in IS-li, and placed in the

family vault. Weber is the most noteworthy fragments, MS.), Freiberg, Nov. 24, 1800 ;
figure in the his^ry of German opera be- Peter Schmoll und seine Nachbarn (MS.),
fore Wagner, indeed, he, together with Augsburg, March, 1803 Eilbezahl (un- ;
Spohr, may be said to have first raised Ger- finished MS.) Sylvana, Frankfort-on-the
;
man opei'a to the dignity of a recognized Main, Sept. IG, 1810 Abu Hassan, Munich,
;
school. \He is also noted as the head of June 4, 1811 Der Freischutz, Berlin, June
;
modern musical romanticism in Germany. 18, 1821 Die drei Pintos (unfinished MS.,
;
If his opei'as have outlived his chamber- 1821) Euryanthe, Vienna, Oct. 25, 1823
; ;
music, and most of his jjianoforte music, Oberon, London, April 12, 1826.
this is, in part, to be recognized as the re- n. Other dramatic works Overtui-e and :
sult of a defective musical education. Abt incidental music to Schiller's Turandot,

Vogler was a good deal of a charlatan, and 1809 Incidental music to Milliner's Kunig
;
it seems, upon the w^hole, as if neither Meyer- Yngurd, 1817 do. to Gehe's Heinrich IV.,
;
beer nor Weber got very much good from Konig von Frankreich, 1818 do. to Rub- ;
him. Indeed, Weber never acquired a thor- lack's Lieb' um Liebe, 1818 do. to Hou- ;
ough mastery over the technique of compo- wald's Der Leuchtthurm, 1820 Overture ;
sition but he was brought up in constant

; and incidental music to Wolff's Freciosa,
connection with the operatic stage, its at- Berlin, March 14, 1821 Incidental music;
mosphere was natural to him, and it was to a Festspiel by Ludwig Robert, 1822 ;
570
;
WEBER
Kondo alia polacca for tenor, introduced in IV. Church Music Mass No. : 1, in E-
Haydn's Der Freibrief, 1809 ; 4 songs with flat, soli, chorus, and orch., 1818 ; Ofifertory
guitar, Kotzebue's Der arme Minne- for the same, soprano solo, chorus, and orch.,
for
singer, 1811 2 songs for Anton Fischer's 1818 Mass No. 2, in G, 1818-19
; Offer- ; ;
Der travestirte Aeneas, 1815 2 do. for tory for the same, 1818.
;
Gubitz's Liebe und VersOhnen, 1815 Bal- ; V. Songs and part-songs 90 songs : for
lad with harp, for Reinback's Gordon und one or two voices and pianoforte (or
Montrose, 1815 Arietta for Ruber's Das
; guitar) ; 19 part-songs for male voices
6 ;
Sterneninildchen im Maidlinger "WaMe, canons for three or four voices 8 part- ;
181,6 Romanza with guitar, from Costelli's

; songs for various voices, some with accom-
Diana von Poitiers, 181G Song from Kind's ; paniment 10 Scotch songs with accompani-
;
Der "Weinberg an der Elbe, 1817 Chorus ; ment of pianoforte, flute, violin, and 'cello.
with wind instruments, for Grillparzer's VI. Orchestral : Symphony No. 1, in C ;
Sappho, 1818 Song with guitar, for Kind's

; Do. No. 2, in C Grande ouverture a plu- ;
Der Abend am Waldbrunnen, 1818 Chorus sieurs instruments (Peter Schmoll), in B-flat
;
with wind instruments, for Blaukensee's and E-flat Overture, Der Beherrsvher der ;
Carol, 1820 ; Song for 3 female voices, for Geister, in D minor t/^te^-Ouvertiire, in E ; ;
Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice, 1821 Waltz for Aviud instruments, in E-flat (MS.) ;
Music and recitative for Sj)ontini's Olym- Deutscher for full orch., in D Tedesco for ;
pia, 1825 Recitative and rondo, for so- do., in D (MS.)

; Marcia vivace for 10 ;
prano and orch., "II momento s' awicina," trumpets, in D (MS.) ; March for wind in-
1810 Scena and aria, for do., " Misera me,"
; struments, in C.
from Atalia, 1811 Do. for tenor, male ; Vn. Concertos, etc., with orchestra ; 2
chorus, and orch., "Qual altro attendi," for pianoforte. No. 1 in C, No. 2 in E-flat ;
1812 Do. for tenor, double chorus, and

; Concertdilck for do., in F minor ; 2 con-
orch., " Signor, se padre sei," from Inez de certos for clarinet, No. 1 in F minor, No. 2
Castro, 1812 Do. for soprano and orch.,
; in E-flat ; Concertino for do., in C minor,
"Ah, se Edmondo fosse I'uccisor," for Me- E-flat major Concerto for bassoon, in F ; ;
hul's Helene, 1815 ; Do. for do., "Nonpaven- Adagio e rondo ungarese, for do., in C
tar, mia vita," for minor Concertino for horn, in E minor
Inez de Castro, 1815 ;
; ;
Do. for do., "Was sag' ich? Schaudern Romanza siciliana, for flute, in G nnnor 6 ;
macht mich der Gedanke," for Cherubini's variations for viola on " A Schiisserl und a
Lodoiska, 1818 3 duets for soj)raui, 1811. Reind'rl," in C Andante e rondo uugarese
; ;
m. Cantatas Der erste Ton, 1808 " In for do. in C minor (first form of the same
: ;
seiner Ordnung schaflftder Herr," hymn for for bassoon) ; Potpourri for 'cello, in D ;
soli, chorus, and orch., 1812 ; Kamj)/ und Andante and variations for do., in D mi-
Sieg for do., 1815 ; L' accoglianza, for do., nor Adagio and rondo for harnionichord,
;
for the wedding of Grand-duke Leopold of inF.

Tuscany and Princess Maria Anna Carolina Vni. Chamber-Music Quintet for clari- :
of Saxony, Oct. 29, 1817 Natur und Liebe, ; net and strings, in B-flat Six sonatas for ;
G voices and pianoforte, 1818 Jubel-Gau- ;

pianoforte and violin No. 1 in F, No. 2 in :
tate, for soli, chorus, and orch., 1818 "Du, ; G, No. 3 in D minor, No. 4 in E-flat, No. 5
bekranzenduns'reLaren," solo chorus, Avith in A, No. G in C 9 variations on a Norwe- ;
pianoforte and flute, for the birthday of gian air, for do., in D minor 7 variations ;
Duchess Amalia von Zweibriicken, 1821 ;

for pianoforte and clarinet, in B-flat Grand ;
" Wo nehm' ich Blumen her 3 voices ? " duo conccrtant for do., in E-flat Diverti- ;
and pianoforte, for the birthday of Princess mento assai facile for pianoforte and guitar.
Theresa of Saxony, 1823. IX. For Pianoforte 4 sonatas. No. 1 in :
571
;
WEBER
C, No. 2 in A-flat, No. 3 in D
minor, No. 4 Eutin, Oldenburg, in 17G6, died at Wiirz-
in E minor. Variations : 6 on an original burg,
in 1828. Instrumental and vocal
theme, in C ; 8 on a theme from Vogler's composer, half-brother of Karl Maria von
Castor und Pollux, in F
Weber, favourite pupil of Haydn in Vienna
; G on a theme from
Vogler's Samori, in B-flat on Bianchi's in 1784. He was a tenor singer in his
; 7
"Vien qua, Dorina bella," in C 7 on an father's opera troujie at Meiningen in 1789, ;
original theme in F 7 on a theme from music director at the court theatre of

;
Mi'liul's Joseph, in C; 9 on "Sch("»ne the Elector Clemens Wenceslaus at Salz-

Minlia," in C minor 7 on a Gypsy air, in C. burg in 1797, lived at Cassel in 1798,
;
Momento capriccioso, in B-flat Grande founded a musical institute at Berne in ;
polonaise, in E-flat Polaeca brillante, in E ;1810, went to Liibeck as organist at the ;
Aujfonlcrang zum Tanz, in D-flat G fu- Marienkirche, about 1820, was music direc- ;
ghette, op. 1 12 Allemandes 6 Ecossaises

; tor at Dautsic, and Konigsberg, in 1824,
;
and at Cologne in 182G. Works Der :
Transport im Koffer, opera Die Zwillinge, ;
1 y^ :. Krrr^*AjJ-^
do.; 3 quartets for strings (Augsburg, 1804).
—Mendel.
WEBER, FRANZ,
born at Cologne,
Aug. 2G, 1805, died there, Sept. 18, 187G.
o/kjy^ Organist and pianist, pupil of Bernhard
Klein in Berlin, where he held a position as
organist for several years, then returned to
Cologne, and in 1838 became organist of
the cathedral ; later he assumed also the
direction of the Miinnergesang-Verein. In
18 Valses de Timperatrice de 1875 he received the title of professor.
favorites
France. For four hands G easy little Works Psalm Ivii. Kriegsgesang der
: : ;
pieces G pieces
; 8 pieces. —
Jiihns, Carl Rheinpreussen, for male chorus with or-
;
Maria von Weber in seinen Werken (Berlin, chestra Many choruses for male voices. ;
Schlesinger, 1871) Max Maria von Weber, ; Mendel. —

C. M. v. W., ein Lebensbild (Leipsic, Keil, WEBER, FRIEDRICH AUGUST, born
18G4-G8) Jiihns, C. I\[. v. W., eineLebens- at Heilbronn, Jan. 24, 1753, died there,
;
sliizze (ib., Grunow, 1873) H. Barbedette, Jan. 21, 180G. Amateur composer, city
;
Weber (Paris, Heugel, 18G2) L. Nohl, physician at Heilbronn, where he was in-
;
Brief e von Gluck und Weber (1870), and in structed in singing, on several instruments,
French by Guy de Charnace (Paris, Plon, and in harmony then was a pupil of Schu- ;
1870) Grove, iv. 387-429

; Mendel, xi. bart on the pianoforte, at Ludwigsburg, and
;
280-292. of Pirker on the violin. After finishing

WEBER, EDMOND, born in Alsace, his medical studies, he lived several years
contemporary pianist, for many years estab- at Berne, where he enjoyed intercourse
lished at Strasburg, which he left, after the with Pugnani, Viotti, and Esser, and ap-
events of 1870-71, to settle at Angers. peared in concerts as a singer and violinist,
Works Le roi des aulnes, opera, Stras- then settled in Heilbronn as a practising
:
burg, 18G8 Rosita, opera-comique. Angers, physician.

; Works Der Teufel ist los, :
187G Choruses for male voices Pianoforte operetta Der lustige Schuster, do. I pel-
; ; ; ;
—
music. Fotis, SuppU'ment, ii. GGi. legrini al sepolcro, oratorio Weihnachts- ;
WEBER, EDÎUND (CASPAR JOHANN Oratorium ; Many cantatas for chorus and
JOSEl^H :\IARIA), Freiherr VON, born at orchestra ; Concertos for various instru-
572
;
WEBER
ments ; Sjmiibonies ;
Quartets, trios, etc. busy life, he devoted much time to music,
— Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling. learned to play the pianoforte, flute, and vio-
WEBEK, (FEIEDRICH) DIONYS, born loncello, studied the
at Welchau, Bohemia, in 1771, died in systems of Kirnberg-
Prague, Dec. 25, 1842. Instrumental and er, Marpurg, and
vocal composer, pupil of Franz Bayer, Yogler, devoted him-
schoolmaster at Welchau studied law and self to composition, ;
theology at the University of Prague. He and founded a musi-

taught music several years, and on the cal iêriodical, the
foundation of the Conservatorium, in 1810, Cii cilia. In Mann-
was chosen director. Among his special heim he founded the
pupils were Moscheles, Kalliwoda, and Des- Conservatorium, con-
sauer. Works Der Kunig der Geister, ducted a musical
:
opera, Prague, 1800 Der Mildchenmarkt, society, and the music in the Hofkirche
;
;
operetta Die gefundene Perle, do.

; Boh- in Mainz he was director of the opera and ;
mens Errettung, cantata 17 other canta- the musical museum. He received many
;
tas ;Masses Music for wind instruments marks of distinction from musical societies.
; ;
Much dance music Collection of German Works Three masses

; Requiem Te : ; ;
songs ;Music for pianoforte Variations Deum Songs Choruses Music for guitar ; ; ; ;
for violin and violoncello. He wrote also and violoncello Yersuch einer geordneten ;
Allgemeine theoretisch-praktische Vorschule Theorie der Tonsetzkunst (Metz, 1817-21).

der Musik (Prague, 1828) Theoretisch- He was author of Allgemeine Musiklehre
;
praktisches Lehrbuch der Harmonic und (Darmstadt, 1822) Die Generalbasslehre ;
des Generalbasses (ib., 1830-34).— Mendel zum Selbstunterricht (]\Ientz, 1833) "Uber ;
Riemann Fetis Schilling Gerber Schu- chronometrische Tempobezeichnung (ib.,

; ; ; ;
mann, Gesammelte Schriften, ii. 30G. 1817) Beschreibung und Tonleiter der G. ;
WEBER, GEORG, born at Wiirzburg, Weber'schen Doppelposaune (ib., 1817) ;
Jan. 1, 1771, died (?). Organist and jjian- and contributed to Ersch and Grubcr's En-
ist, pupil of Detsch and of Lorenz Schmitt cycloppedie and musical periodicals. Rie- —
became court organist at Wiirzburg about mann Mendel Futis Schilling Gerber. ; ; ; ;
the beginning of this century, and music ^\rEBER'S LAST WALTZ, a slow waltz
master to the children of the Grand Duke. long ascribed to Carl Maria von Weber,
He was considered one of the best organ- but really written by Karl Reissiger, in
ists of his time. Works Several concertos 1822, and published as No. 5 of his Danses
:
for violin Concerto for pianoforte Can- brillautes pour le piano (Peters, Leipsic,
; ;
tata on the death of a young girl Music 1824). Reissiger gave von Weber a MS. ;
for wind instruments. Fetis —

Mendel copy when he left for England, and this ; ;
Gerber Schilling.; found among his papers gave rise to the

WEBER, GOTTFRIED, born at Freins- supposition that it was one of Weber's com-
heim, near Mannheim, March 1, 1779, died positions. It was publislicd as a song in
in Kreutznach, Sept. 21, 1839. Composer Germany to the words " Wie ich bin ver-
and writer on music he studied law at wichen ;" and in London as "Weber's Fare-
;
Heidelberg and Gottingen, and held posi- well " (Chappell) ; and " Song of the Dying
tions as counsellor and judge at Mannheim Child " (Cramer). See La dernilre pensce
in 1802, at Mainz in 1814, and at Darm- musicale. — Grove, iv. 430.
stadt in 1818 was appointed general state
; WEBSTER, JOSEPH PHILBRICK,
attorney, by the Grand-duke of Hesse- born at Manchester, New Hampshire,
Darmstadt in 1832. Notwithstanding; liis March 22, 1819, died at Elkhorn, Wiscon-
G7:i
;
WECKEPwLIN
Bin, Jan. 18, 1875. Nanette; Tout est bien qui finit
Song-writer, was a Jobin et
member of the Handel and Haydn 1856 La laitiere de Tria-

Society, bien, Tuileries, ;
Boston, and other musical organizations non, at Rossini's house, 1858 Die dreifach
;
;
removed in 1851 to Madison, Wisconsin, in Hochzitt im Biisethal (in Alsacian dialect),

1856 to Racine, and in 1857 to Elkhorn. Colmar, 1863 D'r verhiixt' Herbst (do.), ;
"Works The Beatitudes, cantata The Sig- ib., 1879 Apres Fontenoy, Paris, Theatre
: ;
;
net Ring, Sunday School collection (1868) Lyrique, 1877. Le Jugement dernier, ora-
;
Many songs, among them The old man torio ; L'aurore, cantata ; Eloa, scene from
dreams, Lovena, Little "Wand, Sweet bye gypsy life Paix, charite, grandeur, cantata. ;
and bye, etc. Opera, 1866 Les poemes de la mer, ode- ;
^-ECKERLIN, JEAN BAPTISTE symphonie, Paris, 1860 L'Inde, do., ; ib.,
(THEODORE), born at Gebweiler, Alsace, 1873 La fete d'Alexandre, ib., 1873 ; ; La

Nov. 9, 1821, still living, 1890. Dramatic foret, symphony for orchestra ; Choruses
composer, pupil at the Conservatoire, Paris, for male voices (4 and 8 parts) do. for fe- ;
of Ponchard in singing, of Elwart in har- male voices (2, 3, and 4 parts) Les soirees ;
mony, and of Halevy in counterpoint. He parisiennes, 6 choruses for mixed voices 6 ;
composed his first work, Roland, an heroic quartets for do., a cappella Les poetes ;
symphony for soli, chorus, and orchestra franjais mis en musique (Paris, 1868) Pi- ;
(1847), before leaving the Conservatoire. anoforte pieces, etc. — Fetis ; do., Supj)le-
Subsequently (1849) he taught music, and ment, ii. 436 ; Mendel ; Riemann.
from 1850 to 1855 was associated with Se- WEDDING OF CAMACHO, THE. See
ghers in the establishment of the Societe Die Hochzeit desCamacho.
Sainte-Cecile, where he brought out some WEELKES, THOMAS, English com-
of his own compositions. In 18G9 he be- poser of the 16th and 17th centuries. He
came assistant librarian to the Conserva- was organist of Winchester College in 1600 ;
toire, and in 1876 librarian, succeeding Yd- Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1602 ; organist of Chi-
licien David. He was made librarian also of chester Cathedral in 1608. Works : Mad-
the Sociute des Compositeurs de Musique, rigals to 3, 4, 5, and 6 voyces (London,
and contributed many valuable articles to 1597 ed. by E. J. Hopkins for Musical ;
In 1875 he received Antiquarian Society, Vol. YIH.) Ballets and

that society's bulletins. ;
a gold medal from the Beaux- Arts, for the madrigals to 5 voyces, with one in 6 voyces
best memoire on Histoire de I'instrumenta- (1598 2d ed., 1608) Madrigals of 5 and ; ;
tiondepuisle seizieme siecle jusqu'ulV'poque 6 parts apt for the viols and voyces (1600) ;
actuelle. His Musiciana (1877) is a collec- do. of 6 parts apt for viols and voices (1600)
tion from rare or peculiar works on music, "As Vesta was from Latmos hill descending,"
with anecdotes, etc. The Echos du temps madrigal contributed to the Triumphes of
passe (Paris, 1853-55), and Souvenirs du Oriana (London, 1001) ; Ayres or phan-
temps passe (ib., 18G4), collections of chan- tasticke spirites for 3 voices, with a song, A
sons, noels, madrigaux, etc., from the 12th Remembrance of my Friend, Mr. Thomas
to the 18th century, with biogi-aphical no- Morley, for 6 voyces (1608). He composed
tices, are most valuable contributions to mu- music to Shakespeare's songs in the Pas-
sical history. "\,\''orks —
Operas L'organiste sionate Pilgrim (London, 1599) and con-
: ;
dans I'embaiTas, Paris, Theatre Lyrique, tributed songs to England's Helicon

1853 (one hundred times) Les revenants (1600) and to Sir
; William Leighton's
bretons (given privately) L'amour a
I'epee, Teares or Lamentacions (1614).
; Eleven
Paris, 1859
Entre deux feux, about 1865
; anthems are in Barnard's MS. collections in
;
Le marche des fees Le menetrier de the library of the Sacred Harmonic So-
;
Meudon La premiere barbo de Figaro ciety, and other anthems and church music
;
;
:; ;;
WEERT
are in the collections of Clifford and Rim- he became a pupil of Moscheles on the pi-
bault. — Hawkins, iii. 361 ; Burnej', iii.123. anoforte and of Richter in composition at
WEERT (Wert). JACQUES DE (called Leipsic, and later of Theodor Kullak in
in Italy, Giachetto
di Reggie), born in Berlin. In 1853 he went to Paris to live,
Flanders about 153G, died at Mantua, May but made thence extensive concert tours in
23, 1596. Contrapuntist, went to Italy Europe, Asia, and America. Works Two :
when quite young, and was in the service tarentelles 2 imjDromptus 3 nocturnes ; ;
;
of the Marchesa de Padulla, and for a long Sonata 2 beryeuses Allegro a la hon- ; ;
time in that of Count Alfonso de Nuvolara groise Surunade napolitaine. Mendel ;

—
finally, in that of the Gonzagas at Mantua, Riemann Fetis, Supi^lement, ii. 665. ;
where he was appointed in 1566 maestro WEICHET NUR, BETRUBTE SCHAT-

di cappella. Arousing the envy of some TEN (Retreat, Mournful Shades), wedding-
who felt slighted by the favors shown him cantata for soprano, with accompaniment of
at court, he had to endure many annoyances two violins, viola, oboe, and coutinuo, by
and mortifications. He often visited the Johann Sebastian Bach. This, the first of
court of Ferrara, where he met and loved the wedding-cantatas, is dated 1730 in the
the famous poet Tarquinia Molza. In 1582 MS. Published by the Bachgesellschaft,
he was also maestro di cappella of Santa year xi. (1861).— Spitta, Bach, ii. 463 ; do.
Barbara. His compositions are among the (Bell), ii. 633.
best of his time. Works : Eleven books of WEIGL, JOHANN BAPTIST, born at
madrigals for five voices ; Book of do., for Hahnenbach, Bavaria, March 26, 1783, died
4 voices do., for 5 and 6 voices Book of
; ; (?). Organist and church comjioser, stud-
Canzonets 3 books of motets for 5 and 6
; ied at Amberg and Ratisbon became or- ;
voices (all in several editions, from 1558 to ganist at the former place, and in 1805
1653).—Van der Straeten, vi. 329 viii. 529. ; instructor and parson at St. Ulrich's, in Rat-
WEGELIUS, MARTIN, born at Helsing- isbon, but returned afterwards to Amberg
fors, Nov. 10, 1846, still living, 1890. In- as professor at the Gymnasium. Works:
strumental and vocal composer, pupil in Masses, cantatas, offertories To Deums ;
;
Vienna in 1870-71 of Rudolf Bibl, and at Canons Melodies for the Catholic hymnal
;
Leipsic of Richter and Paul was then for a ; —

School songs. Mendel Fc'tis. ;
short time repetitor at the opera in Hel- WEIGL, JOSEPH, born at Eisenstadt,
singfors, whither he returned after study- Hungary, jMarch
ing at Leipsic in 1877-78, to become Con- 28, 1766, died in
ductor of the Finnish opera. He is now Vienna, Feb. 3,
director of a Conservatorium. Works 1846. Dramatic
Daniel Hjort, overture Rondo quasi fan- ; and church com-
tasia, for pianoforte and orchestra ; Ballade poser, pupil of
for tenor solo and orchestra ; Mignon, for Witzig, Al-
soprano and do. Der sechste Mai, festival brech t s b e r g e r,
;
cantata Weihnachts-Cantate
; Other vocal and Salieri. He ;
compositions. Riemann. — wrote his first

WEH IHNEN, DASS SIE VON opera when only mR
WEICHEN, alto arioso in E
sixteen years old his second was per-
minor, in Men- ;
delssohn's Elias, Part No. 18. I., formed with success, and ho composed not
WEHLE, CHARLES, born in Prague, only for Vienna, but in 1807 and 1815 for
March 17, 1825, died in Paris, June 3, 1883. La Scalrt, in Milan. After being inteudant
Pianist, son of a merchant the advice of of the Vienna Hoftheater, he succeeded
;
Thalberg determining his choice of a career, Salieri there as second Hof-Kapellmeister

676
:;
;;;;
WEIHE
in 1825, and thereafter wrote only church Italian cantatas Flora e Minerva, Amletto
:
music. Although not a star of the first (melodrama), Venere ed Adone, 1791 Di- ;
order, he excelled in melody, dramatic ef- ana ed Endimione, 1792 Le pazzie musi- ;
fect, and masterly instrumentation. Works cali, II riposo dell' Europa, 1802 ; La festa
— German operas Die unniitze Vorsicht, : di Carolina negli Elisi Venere e Marte,
;
Oder die betrogene Arglist, 1783 Der ; 1812; n ritorno d' Astrea, 1816; Pezzi
Strazzensammler, Vienna, 1792 Das Peter- ; sciolti, 1826 ; L' amor filiale ; II miglior
miinuchen, ib., 1794 Das Dorf im Gebirge, ; dono ; II giorno di nascita ; H sagi'ifizio.
ib., 1798 Die Uniform, 1803 Vesta'sFeuer,

; ; Overtures and incidental music to several
ib., 1805 Kaiser Hadrian, 1807 Adrian
; ;
von Ostade, 1807 Das Waisenhaus, 1808

Die Schweizer Familie, 1809 (still on the
; ; o^^^ ^^C**0^
\J
masses
uals ;
; Grad-
Offerto-
repertory) Der Einsiedler auf den Alpen,
; ries Chamber music Songs, both German
; ;
1810 Francisca von Foix, Der Bergsturz,

; —
and Italian. Dlabacz Castelli, Memoiren ;
1812 Die Jugend Petei*s des Grossen,

; meines Lebens (Vienna and Prague, 1861),
1814 Nachtigall und Eabe, 1818 Baals
; ; i. 135, 146 Erinnerungen (Prague, 1846),
;
Sturz, oder Daniel in der LOwengrube, 1820 93 Mendel Fetis Schilling Bauernfeld,
; ; ; ;
KiJuig Waldemar, oder die diinischen Gesamm. Schriften (Vienna, 1873), xii. 108 ;
Fischer, 1821 Eduard und Carolina, 1821

; Hirsch, Galerie lebender Tondichter (Giins,
Die eiserne Pforte, 1823 Die Ehreupforte. ; 1836), 178 ; N. Nekrol. der D., xxiv. 97 ;
Italian operas pazzo per forza, Vienna, Pietznigg, Mittheilungen aus Wien (Vienna,
: II
1788 ; La cafifetiera bizzarra, 1790 La prin- 1833), 109, 145 Schmidt, Denksteine (Vi- ; ;
cipessa d' Amalfi, Giulietta e Pierotto, L' enna, 1848), 163 ; Wurzbach ; Zeitgenossen
amor marinaro, 1794 1797 L' (Leipsic), V. 62.
; I solitari, ;
accademia del maestro Cisolfaut, 1798 WEIHE DER TONE, DIE (The Con-
H principe invisibile, Laxenbm-g, 1806 secration of Sound), symphony for orches-
Cleopatra, Milan, 1807 H rivale di se tra, in F, by Spohr, op. 86, first performed
;
stesso, ib., 1808 L' imboscata, 1815 in Cassel, in 1832.

; This, the composer's
L' orfano d' Inghilterra (in Gennan as Mar- fourth symphony, was written at the baths
garethe von Anjou, 1819), 1816 La donna of Neundorf in 1832. The subject is from ;
di testa debole. Ballets Das Sinnbild des "Die Weihe der Tune," a poem by Carl
:
menschlichen Lebens, Die Reue des Pygma- Pfeiffer, which Spohr first thought of setting
lion, 1794 Richard LOwenherz, Der Eaub as a cantata. It is a masterpiece of instru-
;
der Helena, 1795 Der Brand von Troja, mental colouring, and is Spohr's most popu-
;
Alonzo und Cora, 1796 Alcina, 1797 Al- lar work. I. Largo, Silence of Nature be-
; ;
ceste, 1800 Das niimsche Wesen, 1801 fore the creation of Sound Allegro, Burst
; ;
Die T;inzerin von Athen, Die Spanier auf of joyous life, voices of animated Nature,
der Insel Christina, 1802 Die isthmischen and Storm H. Andantino, Cradle Song
; ; ;
Spiele, 1803; Die Miiller Rolla's Tod; Allegro, Dance and Serenade IH. Tempo
; ;
Das Fest der Bacchanten Die vier Ele- di marcia, Martial music, March to battle,;
mente Das Fest der Donau. Oratorios Regi'et of those left behind, Return of the
;
La passione di Gesti Christo, 1804 ; La warriors Andante maestoso. Thanksgiving

;
resurrezione. German
Die Ge- cantatas : for Victory (founded on an ecclesiastical
fiihle der Dankbarkeit, 1798 Die Musen, ; hymn of St. Ambrose) IV. Larghetto, ;
1805 Die Kraft der Weihe, 1814

; Graf ; Funeral Dirge (on the Lutheran choral,
Stadion's Namensfest, 1818 Der gute ;
" Begrabt den Leib "), Allegretto, Comfort
Wille Erzherzog Karls Ankunft nach
; in grief. This symphony was first given
der Einnahme von Kehl Nachtgesang. ; in Vienna in 1834 in Berlin and Leipsic ;
57G
WEI HE
in 1835 in Dresden in 1836
; by the Lon- tiv. Christi, in G HI., " Beherrscher des
; ;
don Philharmonic in 1835 and by the Himmels erhore das Lallen," Feria in
;
New York Philharmonic in the season of Nativ. Christi, in D IV., "Fallt mit Dan- ;
184G-47. Published by Haslinger (Vienna, ken, fallt mit Lobeu," Festo Circumcisionis
1835) ; for the pianoforte for four hands, Christi, in F ; V., " Eh re sei dir, Gott, ge-
by Czeruy (ib., 1835). — Spohr,
Autobi- sungen," Dominica post Fest. Circumcis.
ography, ii. 178 ; CiiciUa, xvii. lOG-115 Chr., in A VI., " Herr, wenn die stolzen ; ;
Hauslick, Concertwesen in Wien, ii. 312 Feinde schuauben," Festo Epiphanias, in D. ;
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxv. 13 xxxvi. 418 Among the chorals the old melody to "
; ;
xxxvii. 196, 237, 261 Grove, iv. 29 Up- ; ; Haupt voll Blut und Wunden," occurs twice
ton, Standard Symphonies, 256. to difierent words. The second part, which
WEIHE DES HAUSES, DIE (The Con- opens with a Pastoral Symphony, in the style
secration of the House), overture in C, by of that in Handel's Messiah, pictures the
Beethoven, op. 124, first performed at the shepherds watching their flocks on the plains
opening of the Josephstiidter Theater, Vi- of Bethlehem. The last division contains a
enna, Oct. 3, 1822. It was written as a soprano aria, with a double echo of a sec-
prelude to a revision of the music to Die ond sojjrauo and oboe, transferred from
Buinen von Athen, for which Beethoven the cantata. The Choice of Hercules, com-
wrote a final chorus, with soprano and violin posed in 1733. The first choral in the
solo, and ballet. The overture is a colossal first part is used as a brilliant choral fan-
orchestral composition, holding a place be- tasia for a finale to the last section. Some
tween the J/is.sa Solemnis, op. 123, and the numbers in the work are taken from
Sinfonie rait Schluss-Chor, op. 125. It is Bach's secular music. The opening cho-
composed style of Handel, for rus of the third part is from a Dramma
after the
whom had great admiration. per Musica, given by the Musical Union
Beethoven
The score, dedicated to Prince Nicholas on the Queen's birthday, Leipsic, Dec. 8,
von Galitzin, was first published by Schott 1733 four arias, a duet, and chorus are ;
(Mainz, 1835) pianoforte ai-rangement for from a similar work composed for the heir-
;
four hands by Czeruy (ib., 1835). Breit- apparent's birthday, Sept. 3, 1733 one ;
kopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie aria from a cantata to welcome King Fried-
in.. No. 7.— Thayer, Verzeichniss, Nos. 234 rich August HI., on his visit to Leipsic,
and 235 Marx, Beethoven, ii. 177 Nohl, Oct. 5, 1734 and the cradle-song in the
; ; ;
do., 282 Leuz, do., ii. Part IV. 160 do., second part was originally composed for a
i. ; ;
Beethoven et ses trois styles, ii. 183 All- lullaby to the Crown Prince. The work is;
gem, mus. Zeitg., xxiv. 795. too long for general performance, although
WEIHNACHTS-ORATORIUM has been given entire in England. Tlie
(Christ- it
mas Oratorio),by Joliann Sebastian Bach, first two parts were sung by the Handel
written in 1734. This work consists of six and Haydn Society of Boston, May 17,
cantatas for the three days of Christmas, 1877. Published by the Bachgesellschaft,
New Year's Daj', the Sunday after New Year V. (1855) new edition of Parts I. and ;
Year and Epiphany, each one a complete II., with additional accompaniments, by
composition in itself, and making with the Robert Franz (Leuckart, Leipsic, 1882).
others one grand oratorio. The text is The arias were printed separately by Schlc-
from Luke and IMatthew. The separate singer (Berlin, 1859).— Spitta, Bach, ii. 400 ;
cantatas are as follows I., " Jauchzct, froh- do. (Bell), ii. 570, 588
:
Bitter, do., ii. 44 ; ;
locket, auf, preiset die Tage," Feria I Na- Poole, do., 85 Grove, ii. 540 Hanslick, ; ;
tivitatis Christi, in D H., " Und es waren Concertwesen in Wien, ii. 308
;
Upton, ;
Hirten in dersclben Gegcnd ;

" Feria H Na- Standard Oratorios, 33.
677
WEINGARTNEll
WEINGAETNER, (PAUL) FELIX, Edler still living, 1890. Vocal composer, entered
von Miiuzberg, boru at Zara, Dalmatia, when a boy the imperial chapel, and re-
June 2, 18G3, still living, 1890. Dramatic ceived there his musical education. In
composer, studied at Leipsic iu 1881, and 1858, while studying law at the university,
Las since been Kapellmeister at Dantzic, he founded the Akademische Gesangverein,
Kunigsberg, and Prague. Works Sakun- and conducted it until 18GG. In 18G4 he :
tala, grand opera in three acts, text after assumed the direction of the Singakademie,
Kalidasa, Weimar, March 23, 1884 Mala- ; and iu 18GG succeeded Herbeck as Chor-
wika, grand opera in three acts, text after meister of the Mannergesang-Verein, but
do., Munich, June 3, 188G Compositions ; resigned in 1877, his duties as instructor
for orchestra ; do. for pianoforte. — Rie- and director at the teachers' seminary, and
maun. vocal instructor at the university, claiming
WEINLIG (Weinlich), CHRISTIAN his undivided attention. In 1880 he was
EHREGOTT, born in Dresden, Sept. 30, aj^pointed music director at the university.
1743, died there, May 13, 1813. Organist, Works: Husarenfreude, cantata for bari-
pupil at the Kreuzschule male chorus, and orchestra Im
in Dresden of tone solo, ;
Homilius became organist at the evan- Dorfe die Gasse entlang, for male chorus
;
gelical church in Leipsic, 17G7, at Thorn and orchestra Deutsches Heerbanulied, ;
iu 1773, accompanist at the Italian opera do. Liebesliedcr, do. Frau Musica, do. ; ; ;
and organist at the Fraucnkircho in Dres- Germauia, do. Many other choruses, with ;
den in 1780, and in 1785 succeeded his old horns, or string instruments, or pianoforte,
master as cantor at the Kreuzschule. Works or a cappella Songs Siugspiel-Ouvertiire, ; ;
— Oratorios Passions-Oratorium, Dantzic, for orchestra.

: Wurzbach Hanslick, Con- — ;
177G, Dresden, 1777 Jesus Christus lebend certwesen, 39G.

;
und sterbend, 1787 Die Feier des Todes ; WEINZIERL, MAX, Rittcr VON, born
Jesu, 1789 Empfindungen am Sterbetago at Bergstadtl, Bohemia, Sept. IG, 1841, still
;
Jesu, 1791 Der Christ bei dem Kreuze living, 1890.

; Dramatic composer, was
Jesu, 1793 Der ErlOser, 1801
; Grosse Kapellmeister at the Comic Opera and the
;
Cantate zur Eiuweihuug der Kreuzkirche, Ringtheater in Vienna, where he is now

1792 Habsburgs Meistersiinger, operetta, director of the Singakademie.
; His own
Prague, 1792 Erinna, dramatic prologue, compositions as well as his ari-angements
;
1792 Augusta, cantata, 1789 Sonatas for of Schubert's songs for male chorus, are
; ;
pianoforte with flute and violoncello. Fu- very popular with singing societies. Works —
tis Mendel Schilling.
; ; Operettas Don Quixote (with Louis — :
WEINLIG, (CHRISTIAN) THEODOR, Roth), Vienna, 1879 Die weiblichen Jug6r, ;
born in Dresden, July 25, 1780, died there, ib., 1880 Madlemas, ib., 1880 Fioretta, ; ;
March 7, 1842. Nephew and pupil of the Px-ague, 188G Page Fritz, text by A. Lands- ;
preceding, studied also under Padre Mattel berg and R. Genee, ib., 1889 Hiob, ora- ;
at Bologna, and in 1823 succeeded Schicht torio, Vienna, 1870 Der Herr ist Gott, ;
as cantor at the Thomasschule in Leipsic. psalm for chorus, soli, and organ Choruses ;
He enjoyed reputation as a teacher of theo- for male voices, and songs. Wurzbach. —
ry among his pupils was Richard Wagner.
; WEISHEIMER, WENDELIN, born at
Works Die Feier der ErlOsung, oratorio Osthofen, Alsace, in 1836, still living, 1890.
:
;
Deutsches Magnificat, for soli, chorus, and Dramatic composer, pupil at the Leipsic
orchestra tJbungen for 2 soprani
; Vocal- Conservatorium in 185G-57 became Kapell-
; ;
ises for various voices, etc. —Mendel. meister of the theatre at Wiirzburg in 18GG,
WEINWURM, RUDOLF, born at then at Mainz, and is now settled at Stras-
Schaidldorf, Nether Austria, April 3, 1835, burg as a teacher. He is an ardent follower
578
:
WEISS
of Wagner. Works Theodor Korner, : tingen, and other cities,and in 1853 settled
grand opera in five acts with a prologue, in Hamburg, to teach and lecture in 1856 ;
text by Luise Otto, given in Munich, May he went again to Berlin, where he became
28, 1872 Meister Martin und seine Gesel-
; in 1858 vocal instructor at the Joachimthal-
len, three acts, text by August Schricker, Gymnasium. Works Heiurich MiJnch von :
Carlsruhe, Feb. 22, 1879. Landskron, opera (1848, not given) Many ;
WEISS, GAEL, born at Miihlhausen, songs. He published Allgemeine Stimm-

Switzerland, about 1738, died in London bildungslehre (Brunswick, 18C8), an espe-
in 1795. accompanied an English
Flutist, cially valuable work, published also in an
lord to Rome in 17G0, and settled after- English translation in America. Fetis — ;
wards in London, whei'e he entered the Mendel Ledebur, 030.

;
private orchestra of George III. Works: WEISS ICH GOTTES RECHTE, tenor
Six symphonies for orchestra 10 quartets ; aria in C-sharp minor, with accompani-
for flute and strings Trios for flutes.
; His ment of strings complete, and continuo, in
son and pupil, Carl (born at Miihlhausen Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata, E>: ist dir
about 1777), was only seven years old when gesagt, Mensch, was gut ist.
he accompanied his father to England ;
WEISS, LAURENZ, born in Vienna, May
later he went to Paris and Italy, and stud- 19, 1810, still living (?), 1890. Church
ied composition under Meier at Bergamo. composer, pupil at the Conservatorium,
Having settled and taught at Naples, ho where he became in 1831 adjunct professor,
appeared as a virtuoso in Rome, a few years conducting the school of male voices for
later, with so much success that he travelled thirty years, and in 1832-80 the boys' sing-
and then settled in England. Works Con- : when he
ing school, retired with a pension.
certo for flute Trios, and duos Fantasies,
; ; From 1845 ho was also choir director at
etudes, etc., for flute Method for do. Fe-
; — the Greek church. Works : Offertories,
tis Mendel.
; graduals, etc., for soli, with organ, or small
WEISS, FRANZ, born in Silesia, Jan. orchestra Songs, and duets
; Choruses a ;
18, 1778, died in Vienna, Jan. 25, 1830. cappella Gesangschule f iir das Conserva-
;
Virtuoso on the viola, chamber musician to torium in Wien, etc. Wurzbach. —

Prince Rasoumowsky, and member in Vienna WEISS, SILVIUS LEOPOLD, born at
of Schuppanzigh's famous quartet. Works Breslau in 1G84, died in Dresden, Oct. IG,
Music to several ballets Symphonies, and ; 1750. Virtuoso on the lute, accompanied
overtures Symphonies concertantes for
; Prince Alexander Sobiesky on a journey to
flute, bassoon, and trombone, with orches- Italy in 1708, and became chamber musi-
tra Variations brillantes, for violin and
; cian to the Elector-king at Dresden in 1718.
orchestra ;
Quintet for strings ; G quartets He had then already acquired a European
for do. ; Duos for violins ; do. for flutes ;
reputation, and all contemporaries are
Sonatas for jjianoforte. — Futis ; Mendel ;
unanimous in praising the indescribable
Wurzbach. charm of his execution, and his extraordi-
WEISS, GUSTAV GOTTFRIED, born nary talent for improvising. Works : Six
at Conradswaldau, near Landshut, Silesia, concertos for lute ; 10 trios, and (UJ soli for
Dec. 13, 1820, still living, 1890. Dramatic do. Marpurg, Hist. Beitriige, i. 54G ]\Icn- — ;
singer, pupil at the royal institute for church del.

music and at the academy in Berlin then WEITZi\L\NN, K.VRL FRIEDRICH,
;
of Marx in composition, of Ries on the born in Berlin, Aug. 10, 180S, died tliere,
violin, and, after studying six years Nehr- Nov. 7, 1880. Contrapuntist, pupil of
lich's method of singing, made his debut at Henning on the violin, of Klein in the-
Potsdam. He then sang at Cologne, Gut- ory, and at Casscl of Spolir and Haui^t-
WELCH
mann ; became chorus master in 1832 at and manner, but it appealed to the popular
I. Marcia, Rule Britannia, Marcia,
the Staclttheater in Riga, in 1834 at Revel, taste.
and in 1836 first violinist of the imperial Marlborough {Malhrook s'en va t'en guerre,
orchestra and music du-ector of St. Ann's Schlacht (battle) ; H. Sieges-Symphonie. It
Church in St. Petersburg. In 1846 he was first given in London atDrury Lane,
went to Loudon and Paris to study, and Feb. 10, 1815, and in Leipsic and Berlin in
in 1848 settled in Berlin to teach com- 1816. The score, dedicated to the Prince
position. He was an intimate friend of Regent of England, George IV., was first
Liszt. Works —
Operas Riiuberliebe Wal-
: ;
published by Steiner (Vienna, 1816), for
purgisnacht Lorbecr und Bettelstab, all
; string quartet, for pianoforte, violin, and
given at Revel. Several books of songs ;
violoncello, and for pianoforte for two and
Pianoforte pieces (4 and 2 hands) Riithsel, ; four hands (ib., 1816). Breitkopf & Hiir-
canons for 4 hands 2 books

; of counter- tel, Beethoven Werke, Serie ii.. No. 1.
point studies 1,800 preludes, and modula-
; — Thayer, Verzeichniss, No. 180 do., Beet- ;
tions. His principal writings are Ge- : hoven, iii. 253 Mars, do., ii. 195 Schind-
; ;
schichte der griechischen Musik (1855) ;

ler (Moscheles), do., i. 145 Lenz, do., ii.
;
Harmoniesystem (1860, prize) Geschichte ;part iii. 234 do., ; Beethoven et ses trois
des Klavierspiels uud der Klavierliteratur styles, ii. 162 Allgem. mus. Zeitg.,xvi. 70, ;
(1863, 1880); Der letzte der Virtuosen 132, 291 xviii. 241, 283, 423 Grove, i. 190.
; ;
(Tausig). One of his pupils, E. M. Bow- WELS, CHARLES, born in Prague, Bo-
man, published Weitzmann's Manual of
: hemia, Aug. 24,
Musical Theory (New York, 1877).— Men- 1825, still living,
del ;Riemann. 1890. Com-

WELCH UBERMAASS DER GUTE, poser, pupil of
tenor aria in D major, with accompaniment Tomaschek on
of strings complete, and continuo, in Jo- the pianoforte,
hann Sebastian Bach's cantata Dom. XIV. and in harmony
post Trinit., Wer Dank opfert, der preiset and composition.
mich (Bachgcsellschaft, No. 17). Published In 1847 he be-
also separately, with accompaniment filled came court-pi-
out by Robert Franz (Leipsic, Whistling). anist in Poland,
WELLINGTONS SIEG, ODER DIE and after a year in Dresden removed in
SCHLACHT BEI VITTORIA, battle-sym- 1849 to New York, where he engaged in
phony by Beethoven, op. 91, first performed teaching. He has appeared occasionally as a
at a concert for the benefit of the soldiers concert pianist, and has made several tours
wounded at Hanau (Oct. 30, 1813), in the through the country. Works Concert :
Universitiitsgebiiude, Vienna, Dec. 8, 1813. overture for orchestra, Prague, 1847, New
Beethoven conducted, and the orchestra York, 1850 ; Suite for do., Prague, 1847 ;
included Salieri, Spohr, Moscheles, Rom- Grand mass in C, op. 47, 1859 ; Mass of St.
berg, Hummel, and Mayseder. The seventh Cajcilia, op. 167, 1882 and Wels's third ;
symphony was also played from MS. on Mass, op. Ill, 1883 ]\Iany transcriptions, ;
this occasion. This work, a piece of pro- fantasias, short pieces, and arrangements
gramme-music, was written at the sugges- for the pianoforte for two and four hands ;
tion of Maelzel (the inventor of the metro- Concerto for the pianoforte with orchestra ;
nome), after the news of the defeat of the Songs and part-songs, including Strom-
French at Vittoria. It is written in the fahrt, quartet for men's voices, 1886.
style of Kotzwara's liatlle of Prague, and WELSH SYMPHONY, for orchestra, in
contains few traces of Beethoven's genius B Hat minor, by Frederic H. Cowen, first
680
WELSH
performed by the Philharmonic Society, Emanuel Bach, Kirnberger, and Marpurg.
London, May 28, 1884, under the com- He was called in 1763 to Stendal as music
poser's direction. —
Athenteum (1884), i. 701. director at the four principal churches, and
WELSH, THOMAS, born at Wells, later as organist to Uelzen. Works : Can-
Somersetshire, England, in 1770, died at tata ; Sonatas, and other pieces for piano-
Brighton, Jan. 31, 1818. Bass singer and forte ; 4 contrapuntal duos for llutes ; Solo
composer, chorister in Wells cathedral. for violin. — Mendel
After studying under C. F. Horn, John WENN ICH EINMAL SOLL SCHEI-
Cramer, and Baumgarten, he was admitted DEN, choral in A minor, for Coro I. and
as gentleman of the Chapel Royal, and IL, with accomijaniment of two flutes, two
frequently appeared in oratorios. He oboes, strings complete, organ, and continuo,
gained rejDutation for training pupils for in Johann Sebastian Bach's Passion nach
the stage. Works Twenty Years Ago, Matthilus, Part II, No. 72. The melody is
:
melodrama, 1810 The Green-eyed Mon-

;
Haupt voll Blut und Wunden.
ster,a musical farce Kamtchatka, musical
;
SORGEN AUF WENN DRING- mCH
drama, 1811 Sonatas for the pianoforte
;
EN, duet in E major, for soprano and
;
Part-songs, glees, duets, and songs. He alto, with accompaniment of two oboi d' a-
published also a book on the Art of Sing- more and violins in unison, and continuo,
ing, etc. in Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata Dom.
WELT, ADE ICH BIN DEIN MUDE,
!
II. post Epiph., Ach Gott, wie manches
five-voice choral (2 S., A., T., B.) in B-flat Herzelied (Bachgesellschaft, No. 3). Pub-
major, with accompaniment of horn, two lished also separately, with the accompani-
oboes, strings complete, and continuo, in ment filled out by Robert Franz (Breslau,
Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata, Wer weiss, Leuckart).
wie nahe mir mein Ende. According to WERBECKE. See Cfl.s'par van Werbecke.
Bach's statement, both melody and har- WER DA GLAUBET UND GETAUFT
mony were by Johann Rosenmiiller (died WIRD, cantata Festo Ascensionis Christi,
1G8G). for soli and chorus, with accompaniment of
WENDT, ERNST ADOLPH, born at two oboi d' amore, strings complete, and
Schwiebus, Prussia, Jan. G, 1801, died at continuo, by Johann Sebastian Bach (Bach-
Neuwied, Feb. 5, 1850. Organist and pi- gesellschaft, No. 37) published, with ad- ;
anist, pupil of Zelter, Bernhard Klein, and ditional accompaniments, by Robert Franz,
A. W. Bach in Berlin became instructor in full and pianoforte score (Leipsic, Leuck-
;
at the seminary at Neuwied in 182G, and art).— Spitta, ii. 298 Albert Hahn, J. S. ;
was also for many years organist there and Bach's Cantate "Wer da gliUibet," etc.,
Kapellmeister to the Prince of Neuwied. (Konigsberg, Verlag der Exposition der
Works Variations for pianoforte and or- Tonkunst, 1877).
:
chestra Trio for pianoforte and strings

; WER DANK OPFERT, DER PREISET
;
Preludes for the oi'gan Sonata for piano- MICH, cantata for the fourteenth Sunday
;
forte (4 hands) Symphonies, quartets, etc., after Trinity, written by Johann Sebastian
;
in MS.— Mendel. Bach about 1735-37. The autograph score

WENKEL, JOHANN FRIEDRICH WIL- is in the K<'tnigliclio Bibliothek, Berlin.
HELM, born at Niedcr-Gcbra, Prussian Sax- Published by the Bach Goscllscliaft (Year
ony, Nov. 21, 1734, died at Uolzen, Hanover, n.,No. 17). Published, witli additional ac-
in 1792. Organist and pianist, pupil of companiments, by Robert Franz. Spitta, —
Mengewein, his grandfather, and at Halber- Bach, ii. 55G; do. (Bell), iii. 7G.
stadt of IMiiller; went to Berlin in 17r)G, WER EIN WAHREll CHRIST WH.L
and there was in great favour with IMiilipp HEISSEN, soprano aria in D iiiiuor, wifli
681
; :
WER
accompaniment of organ obligate and con- organist at Freiberg in 1798, cantor and
tinue, in Jobanu Sebastian Bacb's cantata, organist at Hobenstein in 1808, and di-
Wer sich selbst erbubet, tier soil erniedri- rector and organist at Merseburg in 1819.
get werden. Works 247 cboral preludes, 40 pieces for
:
WER GOTT BEKENNT, alto aria in F- beginners, and otber organ music Orgel- ;
sbarp minor, witli accompaniment of flute scbule (Penig, 1805) do., second part ;
and continue, in Jobann Sebastian Bacb's (Merseburg, 1823) Cboralbucb zura bol- ;
cantata, Ed ist dir gesagt., Menscb, was gut liindiscben Psalm- und Gesangbucb (Leip-
ist. sic, 1814) Musikaliscbes Bucb, etc.
; ABC
WER HAT DICH SO GESCHLAGEN, (Penig, 180G) Cboralbucb zu den siicb- ;
cboral in F major, for Coro I. and II., witb siscben Gcsangbiicbcrn (Leipsic) Versucb ;
accompaniment of two flutes, two oboes, einer kurzen und deutlicben Darstellung
strings complete, organ, and continue, in der Harmonielebre (ib., 1818-19) Collec- ;
Jobann Sebastian Bacb's Passion nacb Mat- tions of cborals. Mendel Fetis Riemann; — ; ;
tbiius, Part XL, No. 4G. Tbe melody is Scbilling.

Nun ruben alio Widder, written by Hein- WER SICH SELBST ERHOHET, can-
ricb Isaak to tbo words, " Strasburg, icb tata for Dom. XVII. postTriuit., for soli and
muss dicb lasscn," in 1539. cborus, witb accompaniment of two oboes,
WERMANN, FRIED RICH OSKAR, strings complete, organ, and continue, by
born at Xeicben, near Trebsen, Saxony, April Jobann Sebastian Bacb (Bacbgesellscbaft,
30, 1840, still living, 1890. Organist, pupil No. 47) jiublisbed witb additional accom-
;
of Julius Otto, Karl Kriigen, Gustav Merkel, paniments by Robert Franz, in full and
and Friedricb Wieck, and at tbe Leipsic Con- pianoforte score (Breslau, Leuckart). Sjît- —
servatorium. After two years in Alsace and ta, i. G24.
Switzerland, be was instructor at tbo royal WER WEISS, WIE NAHE MIR MEIN
seminary in Dresden in 18G8-75, and ENDE ? Cantata for Dom. XVL post Trinit.,
in 187G succeeded Julius Otto as music for soli and cborus, witb accompaniment of
director of tbe tbrce evangelical cburcbes born, two oboes (1 oboe da caccia), strings
and as cantor at tbe Kreuzscbule. Works complete, and continue, by Jobann Sebas-
:
Sacred and secular cboruses a cappella do. tian Bacb (Bacbgesellscbaft, No. 27)
; pub- ;
witb orcbestra or organ Sacred cberuses lisbed, witb additional accompaniments, by

;
for male voices do. for mixed voices

; 21 Robert Franz, in full and pianoforte score
;
secular cboruses for do.; 4 do. for female (Leipsic, Leuckart). — Spitta, ii. 282.
voices Motets for 5-part cborus Orcbes-
; W15RY, NICOLAS LAMBERT, born
;
tral music Compositions for organ Piano- at Huy, Liege, May 9, 1789, died at Bande,
; ;
forte pieces, and songs. Mendel.— Luxemburg, Oct. G, 18G7. Virtuose on tbo
WERNER, GREGOR JOSEPH, born in violin, pupil of Gaillard at Lirge, and of
1G95, died at Eisenstadt, Marcb 3, 17GG. Baillot in Paris, wbere be settled in 1822,
Cburcb composer, Haydn's predecessor as and for a sbert time conducted tbe amateur
Kapellmeister to Prince Eszterbazy. Works concerts at tbe Vauxball. In 1823 be gave
:
Sixteen masses Requiem 12 oratorios for a concert in Brussels witb brilliant success,
; ;
Good Friday 5 Salve Regina 4 Regina cceli and was appointed first violinist to the king,
; ;
4 Alma redemptoris Latin lamentations

; and professor at tbe Conservatoire, wbenco
;
—
Sympbonies, fugues, etc. Fetis Mendel. be retired witb a pension in 18G0. Works
;
WERNER, JOHANN GOTTLOB, born at Tbrce concertos for violin and orcbestra 4 ;
Grossenbain, Prussian Saxony, in 1777, died rondeaux 14 tbcmes varies G romances ; ; ;
at Merseburg, July 19, 1822. Organist, pu- Nocturne 50 variations on tbe scale 12 ; ;
pil of HofTmann, organist at Borna ; became etudes ; 20 exercises, etc. — Futis ; INIendel.
682
; ;
WESLEY
WESLEY, CHARLES, boru at Bristol, rirle Clavier (London, 1810). His Letters
Eugland, Dec. 11, 1757, died iu London, to Benjamin Jacob on the introduction of
May 23, 1834. Organist, pupil of William Bach's works in England, written in 1808-
M. Rooke, Joseph Kelway, and William 09, were edited and published by his daugh-
Boyce. He was a son of the Rev. Charles ter, E. Wesley (London, 1878). See "An
Wesley, and a nephew of the Rev. John Account of the Remarkable Musical Talents
Wesley, the Methodist leader. He was at of Several Members of the Wesley Family,"
various times organist of Surrey Chapel, by W. Winters (London, 1874).
South Street Church, Welbeck Church, WESLEY, SAMUEL SEBASTIAN, born
Chelsea Hospital, and St. Marylebone in London, Aug. 14,
Church and Avas organist in ordinary to 1810, died
; at Glou-
George IV. Works Set of six concertos cester, April:
19, 1870.
for theorgan or harpsichord, op. 1 Set of ; English organist, son
eight songs, 1784 Anthems, one printed ; of Samuel Wesley.
in John Page's Harmonica Sacra (London, He was educated at
1800) Music to Caractacus, a drama, etc.
; the Blue Coat School ;
WESLEY, SAMUEL, born at Bristol, was chorister of the

England, Feb. 24, 176G, died in London, Chapel Royal organ- ;
Oct. 11, 1837. Organist, pupil of his ist of St. James's

brother, Charles Wesley. an Chapel, amp stead He composed H
oratorio, Ruth, when eight years old, learned Road, in 1827 of St. Giles's, Camberwell of ; ;
to i)lay the organ and violin, and published St. John's, Waterloo Road and of Harap- ;
in 1777 Eight Lessons for the Harpsichord. ton-on-Thames. In 1832 he became organ-
In 1787 he met with an accident, by falling ist of Hereford Cathedral in 1842 of Leeds ;
into an excavation, which affected him seri- Parish Church in 1849 of Winchester Ca- ;
ously through life, but notwithstanding this thedral and iu 18G5 of Gloucester Cathe- ;
drawback he became the greatest organist dral, holding this post until his death. Ho
of his time. Ho was the first to make was conductor also of the Three Choirs
known in England the works of Johann Se- Festivals held once in three years. He re-
bastian Bach. In 1811 he was conductor ceived the degrees of Mus. Bac. and Mus.
and solo organist of the Birmingham Fes- Doc. from Oxford in 1839. Works Five :
tival. Works Five Masses Morning and Church Services in E, G, C, and two in F.
: ;
Evening Service in F Te Deum, Sanctus, The Psalter pointed for chanting 2(5 An-
; ;
Kyrie, Nunc dimittis, and Burial Service thems 6 pieces iu two sets for the or- ; ;
Jubilate Deo Sanctus in F 2 Oratorios gan Introduction and fugue for do. in C-
; ; ; ;
8 Anthems Antiphons Ode to St. Cecilia's sharp minor 3 Andantes for do. in G, A,
; ; ;
Day 10 Concertos for the organ Volun- and E minor National Anthem with varia-
; ; ;
taries for do. 5 symphonies for orchestra

; tions for do.; Ode for the opening of an in- ;
3 overtures for do. ; 2 string quintets 2 dustrial exhibition The Praise of Music,
; ;
string quartets ; Trio for oboe, violin, and for Gounod's Choir at Albert Hall, 187.'? ;
violoncello ; do. and two Air and variations for the pianoforte March
for pianoforte ;
flutes ; do. for three pianofortes Duet for in C minor and Rondo in C for do. Chants
; ;
;
violin and violoncello Sonata for violin Hymns and Songs. Ho was author also
; ;
solo in A ; Solo for violin with bass ; March of the English Cathedral Service, etc. (Lon-
for horns, bassoons, oboes, and serpent don, 1845). — Grove.
Pianoforte music ; GleesDuets Cho- ; ; WESSELY, (CARL) BERNHARD, born
ruses ; Songs. With C. E. Horn he pub- in Berlin, Sept. 1, 17G8, died at Potsdam,
lished an edition of Bach's Wuhltemjjc- July 11, 182(1. Dramatic composer, pupil
sua
; ; '
WESSELY
of J. A. P. Scbulz, 1788 music services Bristol prize madrigal, All is not
became in ;
director at the National-Theater, and in 1796 gold, 1865 Anthems Songs Part-songs ; ; ;
Kapellmeister to Prince Heinrich of Prussia, and trios for women's

at Rlieinsberg. After the Prince's death he voices Pianoforte ;
was compelled by circumstances to abandon pieces Harmonium ;
music as a profession, and entered the gov- music Organ music, ;
ernment service. At Potsdam he founded, original and arranged,

in 1814, a society for classical music, which including a sonata in
he conducted till his death. Works Op- E-flat, 1882; 3 vol- —
eras Die Fraskatanerin, Berlin, 1788
: umes of voluntaries, ;
Psyche, ib., 1789 Louis IX. en Egypte, ;

and The Young Or-
Rheinsberg, 1797 L'ogre, Rheiusberg, ; ganist, 3 vols. In 1862
1798 Music to ballets and dramas. Canta-
;
he established, with A.
tas : KrOnungs-Cantate, Hamburg, 1787 W. Hammond and John Crowdy, the " Musi- ;
Sulamith und Eusebius Trauercantate auf cal Standard," and he has published " Ele-
;
den Tod Moses Mendelssohns; ZurKrOnung mentary Music," a primer (London, 1879)
Friedrich 11. Dankopfer fiir den Laudes- an "Organ Tutor," and English translations
;
vater Mozart's Urne

; Trauer-Cantate auf of de Beriot's, Daucla's, and Alard's violin
;
den Tod des Prinzen Heinrich. Instru- schools and translations of the text of Mo- ;
mental music Songs. Fetis ; —

Ledebur, zart's, Schubert's, Fesca's, and other songs.
;
G37 Mendel Schilling.

; ; WESTMEYER, WILHELM, born at
WESSELt, JOHANN, bora at Frauen- Iburg, near Osnabriick, in 1827, died in
berg, Bohemia, June 24, 1762, died (?). an asylum near Bonn, Sept. 4, 1880. Pu-
Violinist, pupil of his uncle, a Benedictine pil at the Leipsic Conservatorium, and after-
monk in Prague. He was in 1797 a mem- wards of Lobe. Works Amanda, oder :
ber of the theatre oi'chestra at Altona, Griifiu und Biiuerin, opera, given at Leip-
whence he went as Conzertmeister to Cas- sic, 1856 Der Wald bei Hermannstadt, ;
sel, and in 1800 to Ballenstiidt. Works do., Dresden and Berlin, 1859. Kaiser- :
Frage inid Antwort, comic opera, Ballen- Ouvertiire Symphonies Octet for wind ; ;
stiidt, about 1800 ; Der tyroler Sanger, do.; instruments ;

Quartets ; Songs. — Riemann ;
10 variations for born and violin with or- Wurzbach.

chestra ; 8 do. for clarinet with orchestra ;
WESTMOREL.VND, JOHN FANE, Earl
12 do. for flute and violin ; 14 quartets for of, born in London, Feb. 3, 1784, died
strings ; 3 do. for clarinet and strings ; 3 there, Oct. 16, 1859. Dramatic composer,
trios for strings, etc. —Fctis ; Mendel pupil of Charles Hague at Cambridge, of
SchilUng ; Wurzbach, 1. IGG. Zeidler in Berlin, and Mayseder in Y'ienna.
AYESTBROOKE, WILLL\M JOSEPH, He was known in the musical world as
born in London, Jan. 1, 1831, still living, Lord Burghersh, a courtesy title which he
1890. Organist, pupil of R. Temple ; in bore until he succeeded to the earldom in
1848 organist of St. Bartholomew's, Bctli- 1844. He served in the army from 1805
nal Green, and in 18.51 of St. Bartholo- till 1815, and was subsequently envoy to
mew's, Sydenham, which post he still holds. Floi'ence and ambassador to Berlin and Vi-
He is also musical examiner to the College enna. In 1822 he proposed and aided in
of Preceptors, London. For many years he establishing the Royal Academy of Music.
was co-organist at the Crystal Palace, and in In 1832 he was a director of the Concert of
1865-78 conductor of the South Norwood Antient Music. Works Bajazet, Italian :
Musical Society. Mus. Bac, Cambridge, opera, Florence, 1821 Fedra, do., ib., ;
1876 Mus. Doc, 1878. Works Church Nov. 17, 1824 II ratto di Proserpina, do..
; : ;
5S4
; :
WESTPIIAL
London, 1826 II torneo, do., Florence, ; E-flat ; do., for pianoforte and flute, in F,
1829, London, 1838 Lo scompiglio tea- ; op. 6 ; Allegro, for pianoforte, in E-flat ;
trale, do. ; L' eroe di Lancastro, do. ; Cather- Parting, for do. ; Greeting, for do. ; and A
ine, English opera Cobb's summer eve, for do. Grove.
(a resetting of —
Siege of Belgrade) Grand mass Church ; WEYSE, CHRISTOPH ERNST FRIED- ;
Service ; Magnificat Anthems Hymns RICH, born at Altona, March 5, 1774, died
; ; ;
Madrigals ; Songs ; Duets. — Grove. in Copenhagen, Oct. 7-8, 1842. Dramatic

WESTPHAL, JOHANN CHRISTOPH, composer, pupil of his grandfather, who
born in Hamburg, April 1, 1773, died was cantor at Altona, and of J. A. P. Schulz
there, Feb. 1828. Organist, pupil of at Copenhagen, where he became member
28,
Witthauer, Baumbach, Stegeniann, and of the court orchestra, and in 1816 received
Schwenke, and at Erfurt of Kittel re- the title of professor. Works Operas ; —
turned in 1796 to Hamburg, and became Ludlam's Hohlo, Copenhagen, 1808 Der ;
in 1803 organist 1809 Faruk, 1814 Flo-

at the Nicolaikirche. Schlaftrunk, ib., ; ;
Works Symphony for orchestra 2 quin- ribella, 1825 Ein Abenteuer im KOnigsgar-
: ; ;
tets for strings Quartet for do. Preludes ten, 1827 Das Fest in Kenilwortb, 1836.
;
; ;
for the organ. Fetis Mendel —

Schilling. Symphony for orchestra Overtures So-
; ; ; ;
WESTROP, HENRY JOHN, born at natas for pianoforte Etudes for do., etc. ;
Lavenham, Suffolk, Cantatas for all the principal feast days of

England, July 22, the church, and many secular cantatas for
1812, died in London, special occasions. —Fetis ; Mendel.
Sept. 23, 1879. Or- WHEN OTHER UPS AND OTHER
ganist and violinist HEARTS. See Bohemian Girl.
made his first appear- WHEN ST0R:\IS the proud, bass
ance in 1825, at the aria of Abner, and chorus, in C major, with
Sudbury theatre as :
accompaniment of two oboes, bassoon,
pianist, singer, and / strings complete, organ, and continue, in
violinist, and for sev- Handel's Athalia, Act I., Scene 1.
eral years played the violin in the orchestras WHEN THE FAIR L.AN^D OF PO-
of the Royal Italian Opera, and of the Phil- LAND. See Bohemian Girl.
harmonic Society, London, and conducted WHITE, MAUDE VALlfiRIE, born of
the Choral Harmonists' Society'. He was or- English parentage at Dieppe, Juno 23,
ganist at St. Stephen's, Norwich at Little ; 1855, still living, 1890. Composer of
Stanmore, in 1831 at Fitzroy Chapel, Lon- ; songs, pupil of William S. Rockstro, Oliver
don, in 1833 and at St. Edmund the King
; May, and Sir George A. Macfarren at the
and Martyr, Lombard Street, London, from Royal Academy of Music, London, where she
1834 until his death. Works The Maid won in 1879 the Mendelssohn scholarship. :
of Bremen, opera, text by Fitzball, written In 1881 she visited South America, and
for the Pyne and Harrison Company, but spent the year 1883 in study in Vienna.
not given (MS.) Winter, cantata for bass She is known for her graceful and melodi-
;
voice and orchestra O taste and see, an- ous songs, the best of which are to words
;
them in E-flat Quartets for strings in E by Herrick and by Shelley. One of these,
;
and E-flat Quartet for pianoforte and "My soul is an enchanted boat," from
;
strings in A-flat, op. 2 Quintets for do, in Prometheus Unbound, is of especial

;
E-flat, 1843, and C minor, 1848 Trio for merit. Other works Ave ^hw'vx The ;
: ;
pianoforte, violin, and violoncello, in F, lassie I lo'e best To DatTodils, To IMos- ;
1841 Sonata for pianoforte and violin, in soms, To Electra, To Music (Herrick) My
;
;
F, 1844 do., for pianoforte and viola, in ain kind dearie, O, loving and true
;
Mon- ;
WHITE
trose's Love Song ; Wenu ich in deiue Au-
op. 2 (MS.) Concert overture in C, op. 3, ;
gen sell ; Ln wunderscliuneu Monat Mai

played under the composer's direction at
(Heine) Cbautez, chautez, jeune inspiivc, the Worcester (Mass.) Musical Festival,
;
Heureux qui peut aimer (Victor Hugo) 1885 (MS.) G songs from Heine, op. 4 ; ;
There was a King in Tliule Schiller's Ich (MS.) ; 3 iîanoforte joieces, Concert £tude,
;
babe gelebt und gcliebet Mass, performed ; Quasi Sarabande, and Valse Caprice, op. 5
at the Koyal Academy students' orchestral (Boston Music Co.) Concerto for the pi-
;
concert, about 1881 Pianoforte music. ; anoforte and orchestra, op. G, performed by
WHITE, ROBERT, English organist and the composer with Frank Van der Stuck-
comjioser of the IGth century. According en's orchestra, Chickering Hall, New York,
to one account he was organist of Ely Ca- Nov. 17, 1887 (MS.); and 4 songs for
thedral from 1562 until his deatb iu 15G7 ; tenor solo, op. 7 (MS.).
to another, organist of Westminster Abbey WHITING, GEORGE ELBRIDGE, born
in 15G0 and to a third, that be was organist
; in Holliston, Massachusetts, Sept. 14, 1842,
of Westminster Abbey in 1570, master of still living, 1890. Organist, made his first
the choristers in 1574, and died in 1575. appearance when thirteen at Worcester,
His compositions were highly esteemed in Mass., and in 1858 succeeded Dudley Buck
his own time, and the MSS. books of the as organist of the North Congregational
period contain much of his music, some- Church, Hartford, Conn., and founded there
times attributed to Thomas, William, and the Beethoven Musical Society. In 18G2 he
IMatthew White. Only three of his com- went to Boston, and played the organ in
positions have been published The Lord : various churches. Subsequently he stud-
bless us, in Barnard's Collection (IGll) ; ied under George W. Morgan in New
Lord who shall dwell, in Burney's History York, and William T. Best in Liverpool,
of Music and O praise God in His holi-
; and on his retui'n became organist of St.
ness, in Burns's Anthems and Services (2d Church, Albany. Removing to
Joseph's
series, about 184:7). His MS. compositions Boston, he was for five years organist and
are preserved in Christ Church, Oxford, director of music at King's Chapel. In
the Music School library, Oxford, the Royal 1874 he was organist of the Boston Music
College of Music, the British Museum, and Hall, and afterwards visited Berlin, where
—
Peter House, Cambridge. Grove Barney, he studied harmony under Haupt and or-
;
iii. G5. chestration under Radecke. On his return

WHITING, ARTHUR BATTELLE,
Boston he became instructor on the or-
to
born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Juno gan at the New England Conservatory of
20, 18G1, still living, 1890. Pianist, sou of Music, organist of the Cathedral of the
Charles E. Whiting (singing teacher) and Holy Cross, and conductor of the Foster
nephew of George E. Whiting studied the Club. In 1879-82 he had charge of the
;
pianoforte under William H. Sherwood and organ department in the Cincinnati College
made his debut at Mechanics' Hall, Boston, of Music, then returned to his post iu the
iu 1880. New England Conservatory, which he still
After studying counterpoint with
George W. Chad wick, he went in 1883 to holds. Works Mass in G minor for voices, :
Europe, and studied two years under Jo- orchestra, and organ, op. 4, 1872 do. in ;
seph Rheinberger at the Munich Conserva- F minor, op. 37 To Deum in C, written ;
torium. Since his return he has devoted for the opening of the Cathedral in Boston,
himself to composition and teaching in 1874 Several Vesper Services Prologue
; ;
Boston. Works Four pieces for the pi- to Longfellow's " Golden Legend " for
:
anoforte, op. 1 (Ditson & Co., Boston) chorus and orchestra, op. 11, 1873
;
Tale ;
Trio for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello, of the Viking, cantata, op. 40, 1875 Dream ;
586
;; ;
WHITNEY
Pictures, cantata, 1877 ; Lenore, cantata on the pianoforte and strings ; Pianoforte
Burger's ballad, op. 42 (MS.) ; March of pieces Songs. ;
the Monks of Bangor, op. 40, cantata, Bos- WHY DO THE NATIONS, bass aria in
ton, Feb. 23, Free Lances, for male C major, with accompaniment of strings
1887 ;
chorus and military band Midnight can- complete, and continuo, in Handel's Messiah,
;
tata, for soli and pianoforte, op. 43 Henry Part H., No. 38. ;
of Navarre, ballad for male chorus with or- WICHMANN, HERRMANN, born in Ber-
chestra ; Symphony for orchestra, in C Hn, Oct. 24, 1824, still living, 1890. Son of
Suite for do. ; Suite for violoncello and or- the sculptor Ludwig Wichmann, pupil at
chestra, op, 38 ; Suite for do. and piano- the royal academy, then of Taubert, Men-
forte, op. Concerto for the pianoforte,
32 ; delssohn, and Spohr lived eight years in ;
in D minor Sonata for do., in A minor

; Italy, and
1857 became director of the
in
Fantasia for do., in F 3 Concert etudes, ; Musikvcrein at Bielefeld, but resigned not
in A minor, F, and B-flat 3 Preludes for ; long after and settled in Berlin. Works :
the organ, op. 2 25 Studies for do., op. ; Symphonies ;

Quartets ; Trios ; Sonatas for
3 Fantasia for do., op. 22 Registration
; ; pianoforte ; do. for pianoforte and violin ;
fantasia, op. 23 Storm fantasia for do., ; Psalms Many ; songs. — Ft-tis ; Îcndel
op. 24 Preludes for grand Mass, op. 31
; ;
Ledebur, G39.
Magnificat, op. 25 Preludes, op. 3G ; WICHTL, GEORG, born at Trostberg,
Hymns and Offertory pieces, op. 33 Psalm, ; Bavaria, Feb. 2, 1805, died at Bunzlau, Si-
op. 34 and Songs. He has published two
; lesia, June 3, 1877. Violinist, studied in
books " The Organist " (Boston, 1870)
: Munich, where he played in the orchestra
;
and " The First Six Months on the Organ" of the Isarthor-Theater became in 1820 ;
(1871). first violinist to the Prince von Hohcnzol-
WHITNEY, SAMUEL BRENTON, born lern-Hechingen, first at Hechingcn, then at

in Woodstock, Vei-mont, June 4, 1842, still Luwenberg, Silesia, where he comlucted
living, 1890. Organist, pupil in New also the church music. He was appointed
York of Charles Wels ; became organist of Vize-Kapellmeister, and in 1858 received
Christ Church, Montpelier, Vt. ; of St. the title of royal music director. After
Peter's, Albany ; and St. Paul's, Burlington, the dissolution of the orchestra in 1870, ho
Vt. In 1870 he went to Cambridge, Mass., settled at Breslau, and in 187G at Bunzlau.
where he studied music under John Knowles Works Aladin, oder die Wunderlampe,
:
Paine, and served as organist in Appleton opera Die Biirgschaft, melodrama

; Die ;
Chapel, Harvard College. In 1871 he was Auferstchung und Himmelfahrt Jesu, ora-
made organist and choir-director of the torio, 1840 Mass Symphonies, and over-
; ;
Church of the Advent, Boston, which post tures Concertos for violin
; Many etudes ;
he still has been professor of

holds. He for do.; Quartets Choruses for male voices;
the organ and lecturer in the Boston Uni- Songs, etc. Fctis ; Mendel Schilling. — ;
versity and the New England Conservatory WIDERKEHR, JACOB CHRISTIAN

of Music is organ examiner and vice-presi- MICHAEL, born at Strasburg, April 18,
;
dent of the American College of Music, 1739, died in Paris, April, 1823. Instru-
Boston and he has won reputation as con-
; mental composer, learned to i^lay several in-
ductor of numerous church choir festivals, struments, especially the violoncello and
which he has organized in Massachusetts bassoon, and was a pupil of Richter iu
and Vei-mont. Mr. Whitney is a noted in- composition. In 1783 ho wont to Paris,
terpreter of Bach's compositions. Works : where he was violoncellist in the Concerts
Anthems for the Episcopal service Sonatas ; Spirituels and the famous concerts of the
and transcriptions for the organ Trio for ; Logo Olympique in 1790 he was engaged ;
5ti7
, ;
WIDERSPENSTIGEN
as bassoon player at the Theatre Lyrique, Hohenlohe at Weckerheim. "Works Teu- :
and in 1797 as trombone player at the tsche Gesiinglein, mit vier Stimmen (Nur-
Opera but soon after gave up this place to
;
emberg, 1 G 7 ) ;
become vocal instructor at the newly Musikalisch er

founded Conservatoire, where he remained Kurtzweil newer
until its reorganization in 1802. Works : teutscher, mit
Two symphonies for full orchestra ; Sym- kurtzweiligen Tex-
phonies concertantes for clarinet and bas- ten gestellten
soon do. for horn and bassoon do. for
; ;
Gesiinglein, etc.
flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, 2 bassoons and (ib., IGll) ; Musi-

violoncellos ; do. for oboe and bassoon ; do. kalisch er Tugend-
for clarinet, flute, and bassoon do. ; for spiegel mit scho-
clarinet, oboe, and bassoon ; do. for piano- nen liistorischen
forte and clarinet ; do. for 2 horns ; G quin- und politischen Texten, etc. (ib., 1G14) ;
tets for pianoforte, flute, clarinet, horn, and xxxi. geistlicheMotetten (ib., 1G19) Musi- ;
bassoon ;
Quintets for strings ; 10 quartets kalischer Studenten Muth, etc. (ib., 1G22) ;
and bas-
for do.; 3 trios for flute, clarinet, Libellus, antiphona, hymnos, resiDonsoria
soon 6 sonatas for pianoforte, violin, and
;
et reliquas cantiones, etc. (Rothenburg,
violoncello G do. for pianoforte and violin
; ;
1G27) ; Musikalischer Kurtzweil in Can-
2 pot-pourris for pianoforte ; 2 collections zonen, Intraden, etc., 2 books (Nuremberg,
of romances. — Fc'tis ; Mendel. 1G18, 1G23). He also published a treatise :
AVIDERSPENSTIGEN ZAHMU N G Musicse prpecepta latino-germanica (ib.,
DER (The Taming of the Shrew), text 1G15). Mendel Riemann. — ;
adapted from Shakespeare's comedy by WIDOR, CHARLES INIARIE, born in

Joseph Victor "Widmann, music by Her- Lyons, Feb. 22, 1845, still living, 1890.
mann Goetz, first represented at Mannheim, Pianist and organist, pujîl in Brussels of
Oct. 11, 1874. The opera met with imme- Lemmeus on the organ, and of Fotis in
diate success, and it was given in Vienna, composition. In 18G0 he became organist
Feb. 2, 1875 in Leipsic, Dec. 1, 1875, and of the
; church of Saint-Fran9ois, Lyons, and
in Berlin, Dec. 11, 187G, with Minnie Hank in 18G9 of Saiut-Sulpice, Paris. Since then
as Catharina. It was first represented in his reputation as a great organist and one
London by Carl Rosa's opera company, at of the most distinguished modern French
Her Majesty's Tlieatre, English translation composers has been firmly established.
by the Rev. J. Troutbeck, Jan. 20, 1880; Works Mattre Ambros, opera, Paris, Ojê- :
and first in New York, by the American ra Comique, May G, 188G La nuit de ;
opera company under Theodore Thomas's Walpurgis, symphonic poem Psalm cxii., ;
direction, with PaulinoL'Allemand as Kath- for 2 choruses, 2 organs, and 2 orchestras ;
arine, Jan. 4, 188G. Score published by Marche nuptiale, for orchestra ; Concerto
Kistner (Leipsic, 1875) by Augener (Lon- ; for pianoforte with orchestra ; do. for
don, 1878).— Mus. AVochenblatt (1874), violoncello with orchestra ;
Quintet for
538 (1875), 92 (187G), 244, 282, 29G, 307,
; ;
pianoforte and wind instruments ; Sere-
319, 335, 3G4, 380, 397 Signale (1875), ; nade for pianoforte, flute, strings, and har-
IGl, 978 Krehbiel, Review (1885-8G), 89.
; Trio for pianoforte and strings monium ;
^\^D^LVNN, ERAS^rUS, born at Halle, 3 pieces for violoncello and pianoforte ;
second half of the IGth century, died (?). G symphonies for organ Chorus a cap- ;
Vocal composer and poet laureate, was at pella Duets Many pianoforte pieces ; ; ;
first cantor and organist at Rothenburg on Songs. — Fetis, Supplement, ii. GG9 ; Rie-
the Tauber, then Kapellmeister to Count mann.
;
WIDOW
WIDOW OF NAIN, THE, cantata for 1873. Church composer, pupil of Josef
chorus, and orchestra, by Alfred James Schnabel and F. W. Berner at Breslau. lu
soli,
Caldicott, first given at the Worcester (Eng- 1818 he became organist of the Catholic
land) Festival, Sept. 7, 1881 in London, Church at Potsdam, in 1832 founded a
;
at Kensington Town Hall, April 8, 1884. singing society, and in the same year was
Athenreum (1881), ii. 317. appointed vocal instructor at the royal
WIE AUS DER FERNE. See Pliegende Kadettenhaus. In 1830 he estal.ilished an
Hollander. institute for music after the Logier-Lan-
WIECK, FRIEDRICH, born at Pretzsch, caster system, which flourished until 1845,
near Torgau, Aug. 18, 1785, died at Losch- and with Schiirtlich founded in 1840, and
•witz, near Dresden, Oct. 6, 1873. Pianist, alternately conducted, a male singing so-
studied theology at Wittenberg University, ciety. In 1852 he resigned his position as
then became tutor in a private family, and organist. Works Six masses for soli, cho-
:
founded in and
Leii^sic a pianoforte factory rus, and orchestra Te Deum for do. 3
; ;
circulating music library. He gave music hymns for do. Many compositions ; for or-
lessons also, and was so successful in teach- gan, and pianoforte Songs. Fetis ; — ; Men-
ing his daughter Clara, afterwards wife of del.
Robert Schumann, that pupils came to him WIE furchtsa:\i wanken meine
from many countries. In 1840 he went to SCHRITTE, alto aria in C major, with ac-
Dresden and studied the method of the companiment of strings complete, organ,
celebrated singing-master Mieksch. He and continuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's
numbered among his pupils Hans von Bil- cantata Dom. XIII. post Trinit., Allein zu
low, Anton Ivi'ause, Fritz Spindler, the or- dir, Herr Jesu Christ (Bachgesellschaft,
ganist Merkel, Friedrich Reichel, etc. No. 33). Published also separately, with
Works Eight songs with pianoforte 2 the accompaniment transcribed by Robert
: ;
collections of etudes Clavier und Gesang Franz (Leipsic, Whistling).

;
(Leipsic, 1853) Musikalische Bauern-

; WÊNIAWSIa, HENRI (Henryk), born
spruche (2d ed., 1876).— Meichsner, Fr. at Lublin, Poland, July
Wieck und seine Tochter, etc. (1875) 10, 1835, died at Mos-
Mendel Fetis, Supplement, ii. G69 Rie- cow, April 1, 1880. Vio-
; ;
mann. lin virtuoso, pupil of

WIEDEBEIN, GOTTLIEB, born at Clavel and of Massart at
Eilenstadt, near Halberstadt, in 1779, died the Paris Conservatoire,
(?). Organist and pianist, pupil of Zacharia where lie won the 1st
at Magdeburg, and of Schwanberg at prize in 184G, it is said
Brunswick, where he afterwards settled to with regret, as it entail-
teach, and in 1809 became organist of the ed his leaving the Con- '-;^
Briiderkirche. In 1820 he visited Italy, servatoire. Returning to Paris after a j'ear's

and on his return in 1822 was appointed absence in Russia, where ho gave his first
Hof- Kapellmeister. Works Die Befreiung concerts at St. Petersburg and ^Moscow, ho
:
Deutschlands, oratorio, Brunswick, 1822 studied harmony in 1849-50 under Colot,

;
L'horamage, overture for orchestra Can- at the Conservatoire. When eighteen ho

;
tatas Motets Chorals Rondos, variations, went on a long professional tour througli
; ; ;
etc., for pianoforte ; —

German songs. Fc'tis Poland, Russia, Belgium, Holland, Germany,
;
Schilling. the north of Europe, England, etc. In 18(!4

WIEDEMANN, ERNST JOHANN, born he was appointed lirst violin solo to the
at Hohen-Giersdorf, near Grottkau, Silesia, Emporor of Russia, and in 1874-77 was pro-
March 28, 1797, died at Potsdam, Dec. 7, fessor of violin at the Brussels Conservatoire.
589
; ;;
WIENIAWSKI
His brother Joseph often accompanied him Coro I. and U., with accompaniment of two
on his concert tours, and composed duos flutes, 2 oboes, strings complete, organ, and
•with him. Works Two concertos for vio- continuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's Pas-
:
hn and orchestra Several polonaises Le- sion nach Matthtius, Part H., No. 55. The
; ;
gende Duos for pianoforte and violin melody is Herzliebster Jesu, was hast du
; ;
Airs russes Fantaisie sur le Trophete, etc. verbrochen ?, written by Johannes Criiger
;
— Desfossez, H. AVieniawski (The Hague, (1640).

1850) ; Fetis ; Hart, The Violin, 237 Men- WILBACK, ;
ADOLPHE ZOE CHARLES
del ; Riemann. RENAUD DE, born at Montpellier, France,
WIENIAWSKI, JOSEPH (Jozef), born at June 3, 1829, still living, 1890. Organist,
Lublin, May 23, 1837, pupil of Benoist, and in composition of
still living, 1890. Pian- Halevy, at the Paris Conservatoire ; won
ist, brother of the pre- first prizes in both branches in 1844, and
ceding, pupil of Zim- went to Rome in 1845. After travelling
merman, Alkan, and in Germany he returned to Paris, and in
Marmontel, and in har- 1855 became organist of Saint-Eugene.
mony of Lecouj^pey, Works Au clair de la lune, operetta, :
at the Paris Conserva- Paris, 1857 Almanzor, opera-comique, ib., ;
toire. He returned to 1858 Capi'ices - etudes for pianofoi'te ;
Eussia with his brother Rondos, fantaisies, etc., for do. Fetis — ;
in 1850, frequently joined him in concert Mendel.

tours, then studied under Liszt at Weimar, ^VILBYE, JOHN, English composer,
and in 1856 theory under Marx in Berlin, born about 1564, died about 1612. Al-
lived again for several years in Paris, and though one of the best of the Enghsh mad-
in 18GG settled at Moscow, where he first rigal composers, nothing is known of his
taught at the Conservatorium, then founded life. His first set of madrigals for 3, 4, 5,
a school for pianoforte, with the most grat- and 6 voices (Este, London, 1598), contains
ifying results. Afterwards he removed to thirty compositions, and the second set for
Warsaw, and since his brother's death has 3, 4, 5, and 6 voices, " apt for both voyces
again more frequently appeared in concerts. and viols " (London, 1609), thirtj'-four.
Works 2 overtures for orchestra Con- These were reprinted in score by the Lon-
: ;
certo for pianoforte and orchestra Quartet don Musical Antiquarian Society, the first
;
for strings Grand duo polonais for piano- volume edited by James Turle (London,
;
forte and violin Sonata for do.; do. for 1841), the second by George William Budd
;
pianoforte and violoncello Valse de con- (1846). He contributed also two numbers
;
cert Fantaisie et variations de concert

; to Sir William Leighton's Teares or Lamen-
Idylles Morceaux de concert etc.
; Fctis tacions (London, 1614). ; —
Grove Hawkins, ;
— ;
Mendel. iii. 387 Burney, iii. 124. ;
^\TE SOLL ICH DICH EMPFANGEN, WILDLIEDER, three poems from the
choral in A minor, Avith accompaniment of " Wildlieder " of Pfarrius, for voice with
flute, two oboes, strings complete, bassoon, pianoforte, by Schumann, op. 119. I. Die
organ, and continuo, in Joliaiin Sebastian Hiitte, in G II. Warnung, in B minor ;
Bach's cantata, Jauchzet, frohlocket, auf, IH. Der Braiitigam und die Birke, in G.
preiset dieTage {WeihnacJU's- Or aiorium, The songs were composed in 1851, dedi-
Part The melody
I.). is Haupt voll Blut cated to Friiulein Mathilde Hartmann, and
und Wunden. published by A. Nagel (Hanover, 1853).
WIE WUNDERBARLICH IS DOCH Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Schumann Wcrke,
DIESE STRAFE, choral in B minor, for Serie XIH., No. 31.
;
WILIIELM
WILHELiNI, KARL, born at Schmalkal- Biebrich-on-the-Rhine, where he founded
deii, Hesse - Nassau, Sept. 5, 1815, died a high school for violin playing. Works :
there, Aug. 2G, 1873. Hochzeits-Cantate for soli, chorus, and or-
Vocal composer, was chestra ; Romance for pianoforte ; Songs
director of the Lieder- Concerto Transcriptions of Bach, Chopin,
;
tafel at Crefeld in and Wagner, and other pieces for the vio-
1840-65, and there lin.— Mendel ; Riemann ; Fetis, Supple-
composed in 1854 Die ment, ii. 671 ; Mus. Wochenblatt, ii. 249.
Wacht am Ehein, fam- WILHEM, GUILLAU.ÎE LOUIS B(JC-
o u s i n t h e war of QUILLON, born in Paris, Dec. 18, 1781,
1870-71 and for which died there, April 26, 1842. Singing teacher,
an annual pension of 3,000 was pupil of the Paris Cousei-vatoire ; left the
granted him. army to devote himself to music, and be-
AVILHELMJ, AUGUST (EMIL DANIEL came a profes.sor in the Lycee Napoleon
FRIEDRICH VIC- and in the College Henri IV. In 1818 he
TOR), bornatUsing- became teacher of singing in the £cole3
/ -fc-^m ^^' Nassau, Sept. 21, d'enseignement mutuel, and subsequently
^'^^ ^^M/ 1845, still living, director-general of music in the municipal
1890. Virtuoso on schools of Paris. From his evening classes
the violin, pupil of among the workingmeu of Paris grew the
K. Fischer in "Wies- Orpheon, the focus of the choral societies
baden, and at the in France, corresponding to the Liedcr-
Leipsic Conserva-
tafel of Germany, but his system is now
1861-64 of gone out of use. Wilhem composed nuisic
toriura in
David, and in theory of Hauptmann and to Bcranger's songs, and published a num-
Richter, and later in Wiesbaden of Raff. ber of instruction books, including "^K-
He played in one of Haydn's quartets when thode-Manuel Musicalo " (Paris, 1840).
only eight years old, and the following year —
Grove, ii. 611 iv. 457. ;
apiêared alone in concert. In 1862 he WILLAERT (Vuigliart, Vigliar, Wigliar-

played at a Gewandhaus concert made his dus), ADRIAN, born in Flanders (accord-
;
first concert tour in Switzerland in 1865 ing to Fetis, who bases

;
visited Holland and England in 1866, his authority on Zar-

France and Italy in 1867, and in 1868 Rus- lino, at Bruges, but
sia, where ho was intimate Avith Berlioz. more probably, accord-
He was in Switzerland, France, and Bel- ing to Jacques de

gium in 1868-69, in England, Scotland, Meyere and Van der
and Ireland in 1869-70 then revisited Straeten, at Roulers,
;
Holland, and in 1871-74 was in Sweden, near Courtrai) about

Norway, Denmark, Germany, and Austria, 1480, died in Venice,
in England in 1875-77, and in America Dec. 7, 1562. Intend-
in 1878. He was first violin at the Bayreuth ed for the law, he was sent to Paris to
Festival in 1876, and at the Wagner Con- study but his taste for nuisic soon de-
;
certs in London. In 1871 he was made clared itself, and he studied the theory of
professor, and he has received many medals the art, either under Jean Mouton, or Jos-
and decorations. Ho is among the first quin Desprt's. After returning to Fland-
living violinists, remarkable for the power ers, he went to Venice, and thence to Rome,
and purity of his tone, and for his wondei'- where, much to his surprise, he hoanl the
ful double stopping. His residence is Pontifical Choir sing his own motet, " Ver-
;
WILLAERT
buui dulce et suave," as a composition of octo vocum [with some by Jachet] (ib., 1550,
Josquiu's. As soou as he proved his own 2d ed., 1557, 3d ed., 15G3) ; Madrigali di
authorship of the work, the choir laid it Verdelot a sei, insieme altri madr. di A.
aside in disgust, and never sang it again. "Willaert e di diversi autori, etc. (ib., 15G1,
From Rome he went to Ferrara, whence he reprint from earlier collections, but in part
went to enter the service of Ludovik 11, King new) ; Motecta quatuor, quinque, sex et
of Bohemia and Hungary. probable septem vocum, etc., lib. I. et II. (Louvain,
It is
that he returned to Italy after the king's Phalese, 15G1) Hymni a quattro
voci (Ven- ;
death at the battle of Mohacz, in 152G, for ice, Gardane, 1557) Musica nova di A. W. ;
on Dec. 12, 1527, we find him appointed by air illustrissimo ed eccellentissimo etc.
the doge, Andrea Gritti, maestro di cappella Alfonso d' Este, principe di Ferrara [edited
at San Marco in Venice. It was here that by Francesco Viola contains 33 motets, ;
his grand career may be said to have be- and 25 madrigals, 4-7 voc] (ib., Gardano,
fûn. He founded a music school which 1559) Sacri et santi salmi che si cantano a
;
became almost as famous as those of Gou- vespro et compieta, con li suoi hymni, re-
dimel and the brothers Nanini in Eome, sponsorj et Benedicamus, a un coro et a
counting among its pupils Zarlino, Cipriano quattro voci, con la gionta di doi Magnifi-
de Rore, and Andrea Gabrieli. Indeed cat (ib. 1571) Musica a tre voci [by "Wil-;
Willaert may be and 12 others] (ib., Scotto, 15G6).

called the real head and laert
founder of the great Venetian school of Motets by "Willaert are also contained in
composition, which culminated in Giovanni Petrucci's Motetti della Corona (Fossom-
Gabrieli, and gave to Germany Hans Leo brone, 1519) Attaignant's Collection de ;
Hassler and Heinrich Schiitz. He was al- motets a quatre, cinq et six voix, lib. VII.,
most without doubt the inventor of poly- Vm. and XI. (Paris, 1534) Salbliuger's ;
choric writiug, and he was one of the first, collection (Augsburg, 1545) Fior de' mo- ;
if not the very first, to cultivate the madri- tetti, lib. I. (Venice, 1539). Other com-
gal. If his writing is still distinctly in the positions are in Fiuck's Schoene auserlesene
rather rigid Flemish style, there is recog- Lieder. von 4 Stimmen (Nurem- . . .
nizable in it a decided advance in grace and berg, Formschneider, 1536) Novum et ;
freedom of movement upon even the great- insigne opus musicum (ib., Graphreus, 1537)
est of his predecessors. Works
Famosis- Modulationes aliquot quatuor voc. selectis-
:
simi Adriani musica simffi (ib., Petrejus, 1538) Psalmorum se-

"Willaert. . . . ;
quatuor vocum, qufc vulgo motecta) nuncu- lectorum. quatuor et quinque . . .
patur, liber primus (Venice, Scotto, 1539, vocum (ib., ib., 1538) Cautiones quinque ;
2d ed., ib., Gardane, 1545) H primo libro vocum ;

selectissimae, etc. (Strasburg,
di motetti a sei, etc. (Venice, Gardane, Schaffer, 1539) Motetti della Simia (Fer- ;
1542) Adriani "Willaert musica quatuor rara, 1539) Selectissimai necnon familiaris-
; ;
vocum, motecta vulgo appellant, etc., lib. sima3 cantiones ultra centum, etc. (Aug.s-
IL (ib., 1545) Canzone villanesche alia burg, Kriesstein, 1540) Verdelot tutti li
; ;
uapolitana [with some by other composers], madrigali del primo e secoudo libro a 4
etc., lib. I., a 4 voci (ib., 1545, 2d ed., voci, etc. (Venice, Gardane, 1541) Motecta ;
Scotto, 1548) Libro primo di madrigali

;
a cinque voci (Scotto, 1548) Fantasie o ;
ricercari da lo eccellentissimo
. . .
Adriano Vuigliart e Cipr. Rore, suo dis-

cepolo 4 5 voci (Gardane, 1549, 2d trium vocum, etc. (ib ib., 1543) Motets a
a , ;
ed., 1559)
il)., Psalmi vespertini omnium quatre voix, lib. III., and do. a cinq voix,
;
dierum festorum per annum, quatuor usque lib. IL and HI. (Lyons, Jacques Moderne,
;
WILLCOX
1532-39) ; Recueil de fleurs produites de do. for pianoforte ; Duos for viohns ; 24
la divine musique u trois parties, etc. (Lou- Enghsh dances for pianoforte ; Variations
vain, Phalese, 1569) ; Lib. IV., V. and VL for do., etc. —Fetis ; Mendel.
of Tylman Susato's coll. of chansons fran- WILLIS, EICHAED STOEES, born in
9aises (Antwerp, 1513-50). Two
motets, 4 Boston, Massachusetts, Feb. 10, 1819, still
voc, and 21 chansons fran9aises, 5 and G living, 1890, in Detroit, Michigan. Com-
voc, are in Eler's collection in score, in the poser, brother of Nathaniel Parker Willis.
library of the Paris Consei*vatoii'e. —
Am- After his graduation in 1841, at Yale Col-
bros, iii. 503 Fetis Mendel. ; lege, he went to Germany, and studied har-
;
WILLCOX, JOHN HENEY, born at Sa- mony and musical form under Schnyder von
vannah, Georgia, Oct. 1827, died in Bos- Wartensee in Frankfort-ou-the-Main, and
6,
ton, Massachusetts, June 20, 1875. Organ- countei-point and instrumentation under
ist, was
graduated at Trinity College, Hauptmann in Leipsic. He became also a
Hartford, in 1819 succeeded Samuel P. ; friend of Mendelssohn, who revised his
Tuckerman as organist of St. Paul's Church, compositions. 1847 he returned to
In
Boston, and later, until 1871, was organist of America, edited the " Musical Times," which
the Church of the Immaculate Conception. was afterwards consolidated with the " Mu-
For many years he was connected with the sical World," and established a magazine
organ-builders, Hook & Hastings, George entitled " Once a Month." Works Glen- :
Simmons, and Plaisted & Co. Some of his Mary Waltzes (Ditson & Co., Boston)
compositions, chiefly for the Catholic Church, Church Chorals, Student Songs for Yale
have been published. Miscellaneous Lyrics (Boston and New
WILLENT, JEANBAPTISTE JOSEPH, York, 1842-52) Anthems of Liberty and
;
born at Douai, Dec. 8, 1809, died in Paris, War Lyrics (New York, 18G1-G5) and Fes- ;
May 11, 1852. Lyric to Leo XHI. (Detroit, 1886). He

Virtuoso on the bassoon, tal
pupil of Delcambre at the Paris Conserva- published a book entitled Our Church
toire was at first bassoon player at the Music (New York, about 1852)
; and a col- ;
Italian Opera in London, then at the Thea- lection of his lyrics, Waif of Song (Gali-
tre Italieu in Paris. In 1831 he married gnani, Paris, 1876).
Bordogni's daughter in New York, and WILLKOîBIEN WILL ICH SAGEN, !
after travelling several years with his wife, alto aria in E-flat major, with accompani-
became professor of his instrument at the ment of oboe da caccia, organo obligate,
Conservatoire of Brussels, and in 1818 at and continuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's
that of Paris. Works Le moine, opera,
: cantata, Wer weiss, wie nahe mir mein
Brussels, 1841 ; Van Dyck, ib., 1845 4 Ende. ;
concertantes for bassoon and orchestra, or WILLMEES, HEINEICH

pianoforte Concertante for bassoon and born in Berlin, Oct. 31,
;
clarinet Duo for bassoon and oboe Method 1821, died in Vienna,
; ;
for bassoon. — Fetis

Eiemann. ; Mendel ; Aug. 24, 1878. Pianist,
^TLLING, JOHANN LUDWIG, born pupil Hummel at
of
at Kiihndorf, near Meiuingen, May 2, 1755, Weimar, and of
died at Nordhausen, September, 1805. Or- Schneider at Dessau ;
ganist, pupil of Rempt at Suhl became ; made numerous concert

organist of the Hauptkirche at Nordhausen, tours from 1838 to 1853,
where he established weekly concerts, and when he settled in Vi-
did much to promote good taste in music. enna, and whither he re-
Works Concerto for violin do., for vio-
: ; turned, after a sojourn in Berlin in 1SG4-
loncello Sonatas for violin and pianoforte
; ;
66, as professor at Stern's Conservatorium.
G93
;
WILLST
Works Quartet for pianoforte and strings
:
minster, Feb. 22, 1673. Lute player and;
Sonata for pianoforte and violin Etudes composer; in 1641 he was one of the
;
de concert Many fantasias, morceaux de

; "Musicians for
concert, etc., for pianoforte. —Fetis ; Men- the Waytes ;
" in
del 1644 he received
WILLST DU DEIN HEEZ IVHE the degree of Mus.
SCHENKEN, song, attributed by Zelter to Doc. from Oxford,
Jobann Sebastian Bach, and still so attrib- where he lived un-
uted in concert - programmes but really ; til 1646, when he
written by Giovannini (see Gerber, ii. 332). went to reside with

— Spitta, i. 834. the family of Sir
WILM, NIKOLAI VON, bom William Walter of
at Kiga,
March 4, 1834, still living, 1890. Instru- Sarsden, Oxfordshire. In 1656 he was
mental and vocal composer, pupil in 1851- appointed professor of music at Oxford,
56 at the Leij^sic Conservatorium became and in 1662 gentleman of the Chapel
;
in 1857 assistant Kapellmeister at the Stadt- Royal to Charles H, in place of Henry

theater of Riga, and was in 1860-75 pro- Lawes, who died in that year. He is said
fessor of pianoforte and theory at the Niko- to have been the best lute player of his
Lai Institute in St. Petersburg. He then time in England. His portrait is in the
settled in Dresden, and in 1878 at Wies- Music School, Oxford, and he is buried in
baden. Works : Sextet for strings ; Works Psalte-
Suites St. Peter's, Westminster. :
for pianoforte (4 hands) ; The Devotions of His

Schlesische Reise- rium Carolinium.
bilder, for do. Die schune Magelone, for Sacred Majestic in his solitudes and suffer-
;
do. ;Choruses for male voices Songs. ings, Rendred in verse [by Thomas Stanley],
;
— Riemann. Set to Musick for 3 Voices, and an Organ or

^\T:LMS, JAN WILLEM, born at Witz- Theorbo (London, 1657) Cheerful Ayres ;
heldeu, Schwarzburg-Soudershauseu, March or Ballads, first composed for one single

30, 1772, died at Amsterdam, July 19, voice and since set for three voices (1660)
1847. Instrumental composer, pupil of his Aires for a Voice alone to a Theorbo or
father and who was organist
of his brother, Bass Viol, printed in a collection of Select
at Elberfeld, where he afterwards settled Airs and Dialogues (1653) Divine Service ;
to teach music, and whence he went in and Anthems, the words of which are in
1791 to Amsterdam. He studied haiinony James Clifford's " Collections " (London,
there under Hoderman, and became organ- Glees and Catches in John Play- 1663) ;
ist in 1824. He was elected in 1808 a mem- " Musical Companion " (1667) and ford's ;
ber of the Institute of the Netherlands. Music to the Odes of Horace and passages
Works Symphony for orchestra 2 con- from other Latin poets, in a MS. volume in
:
;
certos for pianoforte ; Concerto for flute ;

the Bodleian Library. — Grove ; Hawkins,
Quartet for strings ; 2 trios for pianoforte iv. 57.
and strings Sonata for violin and piano-
; WINDING, AUGUST, born at Copen-
forte, His song "Wien Neerlands
etc. hagen in 1835, still living, 1890. Pianist,
bloed door de aderen vloeit," became pop- pupil of Gade. Works : Concerto for pi-
ular throughout Holland. This theme has anoforte ; do. for violin ;
Quartet for piano-
been effectively used by Henry Litolff in the forte and strings.
finale of his third Concerto-Symphonie, in WINE, WINE, THE MAGICIAN. See
E-flat.—Viotta Fetis, Supplement, ii. 673.
; Rose of Castile.
WILSON, JOHN, born at Feversham, WINGHAM, THOMAS, born in London,
Kent, England, April 5, 1594, died at West- Jan. 5, 1846, still living, 1890. Organist
594
;
WINKIILER
and composer, Bennett
puj:)!! WINNEBEEGER, PAUL ANTON, born
of Sterndale
in composition, Harold Thomas on at Mergentheim, Wiirtemberg, in 1758,
and of
the pianoforte in the Royal Academy of died at Hamburg, Feb. 8, 1821. Violon-
Music, Loudon. At the age of ten years cellist, pupil of Magister Heilig, a former
he played the organ in St. Michael's Mission Jesuit. He played the organ in the Dom-
Church, Southwark. In 1871 he was ap- inican church when fourteen years old,
pointed professor of pianoforte in the Eoyal studied afterwards theology at Wiirzburg
Academy of Music, which post he still holds. and Heidelberg, and became instructor at
Works Nala and Damayauti, opera in five the musical seminary, and organist of the
:
acts, text by Oscar Beringer from Edwin Jesuits^ church at Mannheim. There he
Arnold's Light of Asia (MS., 1885) improves^kis oj^portunities of a friendly in- ;
Symphony for orchestra in D, 1870 do. tercourse with Vogler and Holzbauer, and ;
in B-flat, 1872 do. in E minor, with choral studied the violin under Friiuzl, on whose
;
finale, 1873 do. in D, 1883

; G overtures suggestion he took up the violoncello, and
;
for orchestra, one with chorus Orchestral was soon after appointed to substitute for
;
serenade in E-flat Mass in D Te Deum ; Danzi in the court orchestra.

; In 1780 he ;
2 Motets Anthems ; Elegy on the death entered the service of the Prince of "\^'aller-
;
of William Sterndale Bennett Songs. stein, but the political stoims that swept
;
WINKHLER, KAROLY ANGELUS through Europe, a few years later, cut short
VON, born in Hungary in the beginning of his relations there, and caused him to settle
this century, died at Pesth, Dec. 15, 1845. at Hamburg, where he taught, especially the
Pianist. Works : Variations brillantes for pianoforte. Works : An das biedcre Ham-
pianoforte and orchestra ; Grand rondeau burg, cantata, 1802 ; 3 quartets fpr strings;
for do. ; Rondeaux brillants for pianoforte, 2 concertos for violoncello ajjd-**i>HT^stra ;
with quartet Sextet for pianoforte and 3 sonatas for pianoforte, ^me, and violon-
;
strings Trios for do.

; Grand trio for cello Sonatas for pianoforte (4 hands)
; ;
;
pianoforte, flute, and viola Sonata for Variations, exercises, etc., for pianoforte.
;
pianoforte and violoncello, etc. —Mendel —Mendel.

Fctis. WINNER, SEPTIMUS, born in Phila-
WINKLER, MAX JOSEPH, born at delphia, May 11, 1827, still living, 1890.
Waldstetten, Bavaria, March 10, 1810, Composer, pupil of Leopold ]\[eignen, of
still living (?), and Philadelphia. He studied the violin, piano-
1890. Instrumental
vocal composer, pui:)il of Basilus Schwarz forte, organ, and other stringed and wind
at Dilliugen, where he studied in the instruments, and began to teach music at
teachers' seminar^'. On leaving it he be- the age of twenty. In 1817-57 he was a
came choir master at Giiuzburg, and in violinist in the Musical Fund orchestra and
1837 of the cathedral, acting besides as in various theatres of Philadelphia. In
assistant instructor at the royal teachers' 1853 he established a music shop in Phila-
seminary, where in 1819 he was appointed delphia has been secretary and treasurer ;
principal instructor of music. Gold medal of the Board of Music Trade, a manager of
for science and art, 187G. Works Re- the Philadelphia Musical Fund, and for
:
quiem, 1875 Solemn mass in C Missa several years editor of the musical depart-
; ;
Catharina Short mass with orchestra 3 ment of Peterson's ^Magazine.

;
Ho has ;
short Requiems 19 graduals and offer- made more than 2,000 arrangements of airs
;
tories Vesper psalms, and litanies Die for the violin, guitar, and pianoforte, and
; ;
Mannesalter, with orchestra Feuer do. has published numerous books of instruc-
; !
;
3 quartets for strings ; 12 do., vocal, etc. tion for the pianoforte, organ, violin, violon-
—Mendel. cello, guitar, llutc, banjo, accordion, con-
D95
;; ;;
AVINTEH
certina, flute, clarinet, flageolet, and cor- Ogus, ossia 11 trionfo del bel sesso, Pi-ague,
net Guides, Primers, and Easy Systems.
;
1795 ; Die Sommerbelustigungen, Berlin,
He is author of the words and music to 1795 Die Thomasnacht, Baireuth, 1795 I
; ;
numerous songs, many of them written due vedovi, Vienna, 1796 Das unter- ;
under the pseudonyms of " Alice Haw- brochene Opferfest, ib., 1796 Arianna, ib., :
thorne," " Percy Guyer ; " "Mark Mason," 1796; Elisa, ib., 1797; Babylon's Pyra-
and "Paul Steuton." Among the most miden (with Mederitsch), ib., 1797 ; Das
popular are "How sweet are the roses," Labyrinth, oder der Kampf mit den Ele-
1850 " What is home without a mother,"
;
menten (sequel to Mozart's Die Zaubei-Jlote),
1854 " Listen to the mocking-bird," 1855
;
ib., 1798 Maria von Montalban, Munich,
;
" Whispering hope " " Give us back our

; 1798 Tamerlan, Paris, 1802
; Calypso, ;
old commander;" "The arms of Abra- London, 1803 II ratto di Proserpina, ib.,
;
ham;" and "God save our President," 1804 Zaira, ib., 1805
; Der Frauenbund, ;
written during the illness of President Munich, 1805 Castor ct Pollux, Paris,
;
Garfield in 1881. His son, Joseph, has 1806 Colmal, Munich, 1809
; Die beiden ;
gained reputation as a song writer under Blinden, ib., 1810 Belisa, Griifin von ;
the name of " Joseph Eastburn." Huldburg, ib., 1812 Die Panto£feln, Ham- ;
WINTER, PETER VON, born in Mann- burg, 1816; Maometto II., Milan, 1817;
heim in 1754, died in I due Valdomiri, ib., 1817 Etelinda, ib., ;
Munich, Oct. 17, 1825. 1818 Der Sanger und der Schneider,
;
Dramatic composer, Munich, 1820. Ballets L'education d'A- :
pupil of Abt Vogler ;

chille Vologese
; Orphee. Cantatas ; :
became violinist in the Heinrich IV., Vienna, 1783 Hektor's Tod, ;
electoral chapel at ib., 1785 Ines de Castro, ib., 1786 Timo-

; ;
Mannheim when eleven teo, ib., 1797 Die Tageszeiten, Munich,

;
old. In 177G 1811.

years Oratorios La Betulia liberata :
he became director of Der sterbende Jesus Die Pilger auf Kal- ;
the orchestra at the vari, 1810. Church music 26 Masses 2 : ;
court theatre followed the court to Mu- Requiems 3 Stabat Mater 3 Te Deum ; ; ;
nich, where he became in 1788 Hof-Kapell- Psalms Motets Offertories Graduals ; ; ; ;
meister, which position he retained until Anthems. Instrumental Overtures 9 sym- : ;
his death, though he had frequent leaves of phonies, including Die Schlacht 2 sep- ;
absence. He was in Naples and Venice in

1791 and 1793, Prague in 1796, Paris in
1802 and 1800, London in 1803-5, and Mi-
lan and Genoa in 1817-19. Works— Ope-
ras: Armida, Munich, 1778 Cora ed ;
Alonzo, ib., 1779 Leonardo e Blandine,

;
ib., 1779 Helena und Paris, ib., 1780 Der

; ; tets ; 6 string quartets ; 2 string quintets ;
Reisende, oder der Bettelstudent, ib., 1781 Chamber music Songs ; ; Vollstilndige Sing-
Das Hirtenmiidchen, ib,, 1790 Scherz, ; schule. —
Mendel Fetis ; ; Riemann ; Schil-
List, und Rache, ib., 1790 Circe (about ;
ling Gerber Clement, Mus. celebres, 200
; ;
1788, not given) Jery und Biitely, Munich,

; Harmonicon (1825), 49 (1826), 175. ;
1790 Catone in Utica, Venice, 1791

; An- ; WINTERBERGER, ALEXANDER, born
tigone, Naples, 1791 II sacrifizio di Creta,
; at Weimar, Aug. 14, 1834, still living, 1890.
Venice, 1792 I fratelli rivali, ib., 1792
; ;
Organist and pianist, pupil at the Leipsic
Psyche, Munich, 1793 Der Sturm, ib., ; Conservatoi*ium, and of Liszt at Weimar ;
1793 Armida und Riualdo, Vienna, 1793

;
;
went to Vienna in 1861, and to St. Peters-
590
;;
WINTERREISE
burg, as professor at the Conservatorium, Sebastian Bach's cantata, Uud es waren
in 1869, but returned to Leipsic a few years Hirten Gegend (Weihnachts- in derselben
later. His compositions for pianoforte and Oratorium, Part II.). The melody is Vom
organ, and especially his songs and duets, Himmel hoch da komm' ich her, in the
are distinguished for originality and deep Magdeburger Gesangbuch (1540).
feeling. —
Fetis, Supplement, ii. G75 Men- WIR WINDEN DIR DEN JUNGFERN- ;
del. KRANZ. See Der Freischutz.

WINTERREISE (The Winter Journey), 'W^SE MEN, FLATT'RING, soprano aria
twenty-four songs for voice with piano- of An Israelitish Woman, in F major, with
forte, composed by Schubert, op. 89, on accompaniment of two horns, two flutes,
Wilhelm Muller's poems. These were writ- two oboes, bassoons, strings complete, and
ten in 182G-27, the last years of Schubert's continuo, in Handel's Judas Maccabtcus,
life,and he corrected the proofs upon his Act H.
death-bed. Part One. I. Gute Nacht WISE, MICHAEL, born in Wiltshire,
II. Die Wetterfahne IH. Gefror'ne Thrii- England,
;
about 1G48, died in Salisbury,
nen IV. Erstarrung
; V. Der Liuden- Aug. 21, 1G87. ; Composer, pupil of Henry
baum VI. "Wasserfluth
; VII. Auf dem Cooke admitted to the Chapel Royal in
; ;
Flusse Vm. RuckbHck IX. Irrlicht X. 1G60

;
became lay-clerk of St. George's
; ; ;
Rast XL Friihlingstraum XH. Einsam- Chapel, Windsor, in 1GG3, and organist

; ;
keit. Part Two. XITL Die Post; XIV. and master of the choristers of Salisbuiy
Der greise Kopf XV. Die Krilhe XVI. Cathedral in 1GG8. In 1G75 or 1G7G he was
; ;
Letze Hoffimng XVH. Im Dorfe XVHI. made a gentleman of the Chapel Royal, but
; ;
Der stiirmische Morgen XIX. Tiiuschung was suspended in 1G85, and in 1G86 or 1G87
; ;
XX. Der Wegweiser XXI. Das Wirths- became almoner and master of St. Paul's
;
haus; XXH. Muth XXIH. Die Neben- Cathedral. He was killed in a miduiglit
;
sonnen XXIV. Der Leiermann.

; Pub- brawl with the watchman in Salisbury. He
lished by Haslinger (Vienna, 1827-28). composed cathedral music of a high order
Editions for various voices by Breitkopf & and many anthems. Some of his works are
—
Hartel and Peters (Leipsic). Kreissle von in William Boyce's Cathedral Music (Vol.
Hellborn (Coleridge), Schubert, ii. 94, 191 II.) an Evening Service in Dr. Rimbault's ;
Grove, iii. 3G7 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxi. "Church Music," and several catches are
;
G53. in the "Musical Companion" (1GG7). His

WINTERSTURME WIG HEN DEM MSS. are in the Tudway collection (G vols.,
WONNEMOND. See Walkilre. 1715-1720), in the Royal College of Music,

WIRE DEIN ANLIEGEN AUF DEN London, and in the choir-books of many
HERRN (Cast thy burden upon the Lord), cathedrals. —
Grove Burney, iii. •151.
;
quartet in Mendelssohn's oratorio, Elia.'^, WISSET IHR NICHT^ bass aria of
Part I. Paulus, in D major, in Mendelssohn's

^VIR TINS MIT THRANEN Paulus, Part H, No. 3G.
SETZEN
NIEDER, double chorus in C minor, for WITH VERDURE CL.iD. See Nun
Coro I. and H. with two orchestras, in Jo- beut die Flur.
hann Sebastian Bach's Passion nach Mat- WITT, FRIEDRICH, bora at Halten-
thJius, Part II., No. 78. Bergstetten in 1771, died at Wilrzburg in
WIR SINGEN DIR IN DEINEM HEER, 1837. Pupil of Rosetti at Wallorstoin,
figured choral in G major, for four-part cho- where ho was first violin in the orchestra
rus, with accompaniment of two flutes, two of Prince von Octtingen from 1802 ho was ;
the Prince-bishop,
oboi d' amore, two oboi da caccia, strings Kapellmeister, at first to
complete, organ, and coutiuuo, in Johann then to the Grand-duke, and finally to the
697
; ;
WITTASEK
city. Works : Palma, historical opera, Kunig, for male chorus and orchestra Mu- ;
Fraukfort-ou-the-Maiu, 1804 ; Das Fischer- sic for violin and pianoforte Songs. Men- ; —
weib, comic opera, Wiirzburg, 1806. Ora- del.
torios : Der leideude Heilaud, ib., 1802 ;

WOE UNTO THEM WHO FORSAKE
Die Auferstehung Jesu Cantatas, masses, ; HIM. See Weh ihnen, dass sie von mir
and other church music 9 symphonies for ; weichen.
orchestra Concertante for do.
; Concerto ; WOHLAN, SO MOG' ES SEIN. See
for flute and do. Concertos for violoncello
; EienzL
Septet for clarinet, horn, bassoon, and WOHL DEM, DER DEN HER REN
string quartet Quintet for pianoforte and
;
FtJRCHTET, chorus in G major, in Men-
wind instruments Quartets, etc.;
Fotis — ;
delssohn's Eiias, Part I., No. 9.
Mendel ; Schilling. WOHL EUCH, IHR AUSERWAHLTEN

WITTASEK (Vitêk), JAN N:6P0]MUK SEELEN, Alto aria in A major, with ac-
AUGUST, born at HoHn, Bohemia, Feb. 22, companiment of two flutes, strings com-
1770, died at Prague, Dec. Pian- plete (con sordini), and continuo, in Johann
7, 1839.
ist, pupil of Dussek, and in composition of Sebastian Bach's cantata, O eioiges Feuer,
Kozeluch in Prague was Conzertmeister, O Ursprung der Liebe.

;
instructor,and secretary in the house of WOHLTEMPERIRTE CLAVIER, DAS

Count Nostiz until 1814, when he succeeded (The Well-tempered Clavichord), forty-
KoXeluch as Kapellmeister of the cathedral. by John Sebas- eight preludes and fugues
In 1826 he was made also director of the tian Bach. The work is in two parts, the
organ and singing school. Works David, first of which was completed in Cothen in
:
melodrama, given in Prague 3 masses 2 1722, and is the only one designated by
; ;
Requiem symphonies Concertos for almost ; Bach as Das wohltemperirte Klavier. It

every instrument Quartets Cantatas
;
was written to test the system of equal
; ;
Choruses, and arias, etc., all in MS. Fctis —

temperament in tuning. It contains twenty-
;
Mendel. four preludes and fugues in every key,

WITTEKIND, ballad for male chorus major and minor, arranged not according
and orchestra, text by Fr. Halm, music by to the relation shij) of the keys, but in the
Joseph Rheinberger, op. 102. The score order of chromatic ascent. Many of the
is dedicated to the Miinnergesang-Verein of fugues belonged to an earlier period, eleven
Cologne. Published by Forberg (Leipsic). preludes had been inserted in the Klavier-
WITTING, CARL, born at Jiilich, Sept. bilchlein, composed for Friedemann Bach in
8, 1823, still living, 1890. Violinist, self- 1720, and others had appeared as independ-
taught, went to Paris in 1847, and for two ent compositions. Bach revised, altered,
years sang as a chorister at the Opera and and lengthened them when he compiled this
the Madeleine, then studied composition collection, which holds an important place
under Adolf Reichel, and won a good posi- in the education of every pianist. Bach
tion as a teacher. In 1855 he Avent to Ber- revised this work several times. Two auto-
lin, then to Hamburg, and in 1858 to Glo- graphs are extant ; one, formerly belonging
gau, whence he was called to Dresden in to Niigeli, of Zurich, purchased from the
1861, to conduct the Symphonie-Kapelle ;
daughter of Philipp Emmanuel Bach in
in 1865 he resigned his post, but remained in 1802, and now in the town library of Ziiricb
Dresden, teaching and composing. Works and one in the possession of Prof. Wagener,
— Operas Das Jiigerfest, Hamburg, 1857
:
; of Marburg. The second part of the Wohl-
Der Liebesring Die Lotterie. Music to a
; temperirte Clavier was comjileted either in
melodrama, Dresden, 1863 Psalm xliii., ; 1740, or 1744. It is a similar collection of
for chorus, soli, and orclicstra Der blinde ; preludes and fugues, written during the
698
; —
;
WOLDEMAR
last ten years of the master's life. Several lin and orchestra
Concerto for viola and ;
older compositions were revised and indo. Quartet for strings Duos for viohns
; ; ;
serted to complete the cycle. This part is do. for violin and viola 12 grands solos ;
;
like the first in the general relation of the Sonates fantomagiques 6 reves ou caprices ;
separate numbers, and although not su- etc. Methods for violin, viola, and clarinet.
perior to the first, it reveals Bach's greatest Fetis Mendel. — ;
development and contains fugues of sharper WOLF, CYRILL born at MUg- M ,
cut. Only one complete autograph is Htz, Moravia, March 23, 1825. Instru-
known, preserved in the Royal Library of mental and vocal composer, pupil of Prcger
Berlin. Fragments of a MS. are in the at the Conscrvatorium in Vienna, where he
possession of Prof. Wagener, of Marburg, became organist at St. Leopold's in 1847,
and the rest of this MS. was discovered by choir director at the Dominican Church in
Fiirstenau, in 1876, in the musical collec- 1860, and Kapellmeister at the Italian na-
tion of the King of Saxony. Autographs tional church and conductor at the univers-
thought to be Bach's by Mendelssohn and ity church in 1870. Works Six masses :
;
William Sterndale Bennett, were bought by Gott und die Natur, cantata 2 overtures ; ;
Mr. Emett, of England, at Clemeuti's sale, Graduals and offertories 30 arias, and 6 ;
and are now in possession of his daughter, entr'actes for the imperial theatre etc. ;
with the exception of No. IX., owned by IVIrs. Mendel. —

Clarke, of Norwood. The oldest printed WOLF, ERNST WILHELM, born at
copies are Schwenke's edition, published by Grossen-Behringen, near Gotha, in 1735,
Simrock (Bonn and Paris, 1800-01) For- died at Weimar, Dec. 7, 1792. Organist,
;
kel's, by Hofmeister and Kiihnel (Leipsic, dramatic composer, and writer on music ;
1800-01) Samuel Wesley and C. Horn became in 1761 Conzertmeister and in 1768
;
(London, 1810) Le clavecin bien tempore, Hof-Kapellmeister at Weimar.

; Works
Czerny's edition, Peters (Leipsic, 1838) Operas: Das Rosenfest, 1771 Dcr Dorf- ;
arrangement for four hands by Bertini, deputirte, 1773 Die treiien Kohler, 1773 ; ;
Schott (Mainz, 1842) and edition by Franz Das Gilrtnermudchen, 1774 Der Abend im
; ;
Kroll for the Bachgesellschaft, vol. xiv. Walde, 1775 Polyxena, monodrama Sev- ; ;
(Leipsic, 18G5). An edition revised b}' eral operettas. Die letzte Stimme der
Robert Franz and Otto Dresel is now in sterbenden Liebe am Kreuz, ein Passions-
press at Leipsic. Gounod arranged the first Drama ; Der leidende Erluser, do. ; Oster-
prelude in the first book as a Meditation Cantate, 1782 ; Several other church can-
votive for soprano, violin, pianoforte, and or- tatas Iphigenia, cantata ;
Serafina, do. 15 ; ;
gan (Ave Maria).— Spitta, Bach, i. 7G9, 837 symphonies for 8-14 instruments 17 par-
;
;
ii. G63; do. (Bell), ii. 161-178, 664-673 iii. titas for 8-12 do.
;
20 concertos for piano- ;
183-191 Bitter, Bach, ii. 269-284 Poole, forte 3 do. for flute 2 quintets for piano-
; ; ; ;
do., 112 Grove, iv. 482

; Allgem. mus. forte, flute, and strings 2 (quartets for flute
; ;
Zeitg., xl. 297; xliv. 335, 1049 (1863), 124, and strings
;
17 quartets for strings 6 so-
; ;
493. natas for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello ;
WOLDEMAR, MICHEL, born at Or- Many sonatas for pianoforte, etc. Fetis — ;
leans, Sept. 17, 1750, died at Clermont- Mendel Scliilluig. ;
Ferrand (Puy-de-Dume), January, 1816. WOLF (WoliT), LUDWIG, born at

Violinist, pupil of Lolli, with whom he had Frankfort - ou - the - Main, in 1804, died in
many oddities in common. He joined a Vienna, Aug. 6, 1859. Violinist and in-
wandering troupe of comedians as music anist, pupil in composition of Ignaz Sey-
director, and afterwards settled at Clermont- fried, in Vienna. Works (Quartet for :
Ferrand. Works Three concertos for vio- pianoforte and strings

:
3 quartets for ;
6^9
—
WOLF
strings ; 4 trios for do.; Many other com- caped the law in Brussels and went to Lon-
positions in MS. don, where little is known of them. At
WOLF, MAX, born in Moravia, in 1839, one time his improvisations were consid-
dietl in Vienna, March
23, 1886. Dramatic ered very wonderful, and he was thought
comjioser, pupil of Marx and Dessoff. superior to Beethoven and next to Mozart
Works— Operettas Die Schule der Liebe,
: in this respect. Works Operas Der HOl- — :
Troppau, 18G8; Im Namen des KOnigs, lenberg, Vienna, 1795 Das schune Milch- ;
Berlin, 1870 Kosa und Kescda, comic ope-

;
miidchen, ib., 1797 Das trojanische Pferd ;
ra, Dresden, 1872 Die Pilger, Vienna, ; (about 1797, not given) Der Kopf ohne ;
1872 Die blaue Dame, Berlin, 1875 Die

; ; Mann, ib., 1798 L'amour romanesque,
;
Portriitdame, Gratz and Vienna, 187G Ce- ; Paris, 1804 Fernand, ou les Maures, ib.,
;
sarine, Vienna, 1878 Rafaella, Munich, 1884.

;
1805 La surprise de Diane, London 7
; ;
WOLFF, ]^:D0UAED, born at Warsaw, concertos for pianoforte 2 symphonies 9 ; ;
Sept. 15, 1816, died in Paris, Oct. 16, 1880. string quartets ; 15 trios for pianoforte and
Pianist, pupil atWarsaw of Zawadski, and strings 22 sonatas for violin 36 Sonatas for ; ;
in composition of Eisner, then at Vienna, pianoforte Fugues, rondos, variations, etc., ;
of Wiirfel on the pianoforte. In 1835 he for do. Mendel; Fetis, Supplement, ii. —
went to Paris, where for many years he was 677 Kiemann Schilling Weitzmann, ; ; ;
held in high esteem as a concert i^layer, Gesch. des Clavierspiels, 85.

composer, and teacher. Works Concerto WOLFEAM, JOSEPH MARIA, born at
:
for pianoforte and orchestra, oj). 39 32 Dobrzan, Bohemia, July 21, 1789, died at
;
duos for pianoforte and violin (with de Tei^litz, Sept. 30, 1839. Amateur com-
Beriot) 8 do. (with Vieuxtemps)
; 2 do. posei', pupil at Prague of Koieluch in har-
;
(with Batta) Etudes, op. 20, 50, 90, 100

; mony, and in Vienna of Drechsler on the
;
Many fantaisies, rondos, nocturnes, etc., for pianoforte. He taught music and singing
pianoforte, all his compositions numbering in Vienna, in 1811-13, obtained a govern-
—
over 350 works. Fetis do., Supplement, ment position at Theusing in 1813, and be-
;
ii. 678 Mendel Sowinski.

; ; came mayor of Teplitz in 1824. Works
W()LFL (WOlffl), JOSEPH, born in Salz- Operas Der Diamant, Teplitz, about 1820 :
;
burg in 1772, died in Herkules Maja und Alpino, oder die be- ;
London, May 11, 1812. zauberte Rose, Dresden, 1826 Alfred, ib., ;
Pianist, pupil of Leo- 1826 Die Normannen in Sicilien, Dresden, ;
pold Mozart and Mi- 1828 Prinz Lieschen, ib., 1829 Der Berg- ; ;
chael Haydn lived in monch, ib., 1830 ; Schloss Candra, ib., ;
Warsaw in 1792-94, 1832 Wittekind, ib., 1838. IMissa nup- ;
then in Vienna until tialis Requiem Quartets for violins So- ; ; ;
1798. He made a con- natas for pianoforte Rondos, variations, ;
cert tour through Ger- etc., for do.; Four-part songs Servian folk- ;
many, and to Paris and songs, and other songs. Fetis Mendel. — ;
London, about 1799- WOLFSOHN, CARL, born in Alzey,

1801. The latter part of his life is obscure. Hesse, Dec. 14, 1834, still living, 1890.
According to some authorities he became Pianist, pupil of Aloys Schmitt in Frank-
music-master of the Empress Josephine, fort-on-the-Main, and of Mme Anna Heine-
and after her separation from Napoleon ac- fetter and Vincenz Lachner in Mannheim.
companied her to Switzerland. Fetis thinks, In 1851 he made a concert tour in Bavaria
however, that he became entangled with with the violinist Teresa Milanollo, then
the singer Ellmenreich, a very unscrupulous lived in London in 1852-54, when he went
gambler, and that they with difficulty es- to the United States and settled in Phila-
600
;
WOLLANCK
delphia. In 1856 he made a concert tour pianist, and at other concerts, with success,
with Theodore Thomas, appeared in New and won reputation as an instructor. In
York as a pianist in 18G5, organized in 1855 he visited Europe, and played in con-
Philadelphia the Beethoven Society in 1869, certs. Works Nearly a hundred pianoforte :
and made his debut as an orchestral con- pieces, nocturnes, waltzes, polkas, marches,
ductor at the Beethoven Centennial Festi- transcriptions, and arrangements.
val, Dec. 17, 1870. In 1873 he removed to WOMAN OF SAMARIA, THE, oratorio
Chicago, where he has organized many for soli, chorus, and orchestra, by William
choral and orchestral societies, which he con- Sterndale Bennett, op. 44, first performed
ducts, and has won reputation as a teacher at the Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug.
of the pianoforte. "Works: Concertos for 27, 1867. The text is founded on the in-
the pianoforte with orchestra Valse de cidents narrated in the fourth chapter of
;
concert Transcription of airs from Faust

; John. The scenes are Christ's jouniey to :
Short pieces for the pianoforte Melodies Samaria, the rest at Jacob's well, and the
;
for the violin ; Songs. meeting with the Woman of Samaria. The
WOLLANCK, FKIEDRICH, born in chorus, as in Bach's J\i:<siuii music, moral-
Berhn, Nov. 3, 1782, died there, Sept. 6, izes upon the action. The oratorio opens
1831. Amateur composer, pupil of Giirr- with a choral, " Ye Christian people now
lich was on intimate terms with Fasch, rejoice," a translation of the German hymn
;
Zelter, and Carl Maria von Weber. He be- "Nun freuet euch lieben Christen g'mein,"
gan to practise law in 1803 and became in with the original melody (1535). The
1813 counsellor at the city court in BerHn. quartet, "God is a Spirit," was sung in
In 1826 he visited Paris to make the ac- Westminster Abbey at the funeral of the
quaintance of Eossini and Boieldieu. composer, Feb. 6, 1875. The soprano
Works Der Alpenhirt, opera, Berlin, 1811 aria, " I will love Thee, O Lord," now given
:
;
Thibaut von Lowis, Liederspiel, ib. Music with the oratoi'io, was found among Ben-
;
to Gubitz's drama "Liebe und Frieden;" nett's MSS., after his death. At the first
Hedwigvon Rugenhagen, cantata 2 masses performance the solos were sung by Mile
; ;
Requiem 2 offertories, and other church Tietjens, Mmc Sainton-Dolby, Mr. Cum-
;
music 2 overtures for orchestra Concer- mings, and Mr. Santley. The oratorio was
; ;
tos for clarinet and other instruments 2 first sung by the London Philharmonic in
;
sextets Quintets, quartets Trio for piano- 1875, and by the Handel and Haydn So-
; ;
forte and strings Sonatas for pianoforte

; ciety of Boston, May 13, 1871. ;
Athemcum —
—
Many songs. Fetis Mendel Riemann. ; (1867),
; ii. 312 Upton, Standard Oratorios, ;
WOLLENHAUPT, HERMANN 62.

ADOLPH, born at WOODBURY, ISAAC BAKER, born at
Schkeuditz, near Leip- Beverly, Massachusetts, Oct. 18, 1810, died
sic, Prussian Saxony, atColumbia, South Carolina, Oct. 26, 1858.
Sept. 17, 1827, died in Vocal composer, self-taught. In 1839 be
New York, Sept. 18, joined the Bay State Club, a vocal company
1863. Pianist, pupil of which gave concerts in various New Eng-
Julius Knorr on the pi- land towns. He visited Europe in 1851,
anoforte and of Moritz return settled in New York,

and on his
Hauptmann in compo- wliero he became identified with musical
sition and counter- journals, and edited several collections of
point. He went to church and Sunday-school music, including

America in 1845, and appeared at a concert " The Dulcimer " (New York, 1850) and ;
of the New York Philharmonic Society as a "Liber Musicus '' (1851). His hymns and
coi
; ;
WOOD
tunes became popular. The best known boys are they;" "Kingdom coming;"
;
" Wake, Nicodemus " " Song of a thousand
are Rakem, Eucharist, Selena, Tamar, Si-
loam, and Ozrem. Books The Cythara years;" "Drafted into the army;" "God
:
;
Cultivation of the Voice without a Master and "Marching through

save the Nation ;"
Self-instruction in MusicalComposition and Georgia." He wrote also other popular
Thorough-Bass Singing School and Music songs, among them " Come home, fa- :
;
Teacher's Companion and Melodeon and ther;" "The Magic Veil;" "Sweet Echo
;
Serapliinc Instruction-book. Dell;" " Grandfather's Clock " "Shadows ;
WOOD NYMPH, THE, overture for or- on the Floor;" "California Bird Song;"
chestra, by William Sterndale Bennett, op. and " The fire bells are ringing."
20, first performed at the Gewandhaus, WOUTERS, (FRANCOIS) ADOLPHE,
Loii^sic, under Mendelssohn's direction, born in Brussels, May 28, 1841 (1849 ?), still
Jan. 24:, 1839. It is one of Bennett's living, 1890. Church composer, pupil at
most artistic compositions, and was highly the Brussels Conservatoire became in 18G8 ;
praised by Schumann. It was first given organist at Notre-Dame-de-Finistore and

in London by the Philharmonic Society, maitre de chapelle at Saint-Nicolas, and in
April 22, 1839 and first in New York by 1871 professor of pianoforte at the Conser-
;
the Philharmonic Society, in the season of vatoire. Works Three messes solennelles :
1848-49. The score, dated Leipsic, Nov. 3 short masses Te Deum with full orches- ;
12, 1828, was first published by Kistner tra Other church music Motets Cho-; ; ;
(Leipsic, 1839). —
Schumann, Ges. Schi'ift- ruses for male voices Symphonic overture ; ;
en, ii. 98. Transcriptions for pianoforte, etc. — Fetis,

WORGAN, JOHN, born in London in Supplement, ii. 681 ; Riemann.
1724, died there, Aug. 24, 1790. Organist, WO WAR ICH ? See Rienzi.
Xûpil of his brother James (organist of WOYRSCH, FELIX VON, born at Trop-
Vauxhall Gardens in 1737-51), and of pau, Silesia, Oct. 8, 1860, still living, at Al-
Thomas Rosingrave and Geminiani. He
Instrumental and vocal com-
tona, 1890.
was organist of several churches, and of poser, pupil of Chevallier in Hamburg, but
Vauxhall Gardens, in 1751-61, and 1770- chiefly self-taught. Works Der Pfarrer :
74, and 1753-Gl was also composer to

in von Meudon, comic opera, Hamburg, 1886 ;
Vauxhall Gardens. Mus. Bac, Cambridge, Donna Diana, opera (MS.) Music to Sa- ;
1748, Mus. Doc, ib., 1775. Works Han- : kuntala, Breslau, 1885 Deutsches Aufge- ;
nah, oratorio, Haymarket Theatre, London, bot, for soli, male chorus, and orchestra ;
1764 Manasseh, do., Lock Hospital Chapel,

; Symphony Quartet for strings Motets
; ; ;
1766 Anthem for thanksgiving victories,

; Choruses, and songs. Riemann. —
1759 Organ music
; 6 sonatas for the
; WRANITZKY (Wraniczky), ANTON,
harpsichord Lessons for do. Psalm tunes
; born at Neureusch, Moravia, in 1761, died
;
;
Glees and songs, canzonets, and concertos

; in Vienna in 1819. Violinist, brother and
for Vauxhall Gardens. Grove Burney, iv.— pupil of the following, and pupil of Al-
;
665. brechtsbei'ger, Mozart, and Haydn he be- ;
WORK, HENRY CLAY, born at Middle- came Kapellmeister to Prince Lobkowitz,

town, Connecticut, Oct. 1, 1832, died at and was highly esteemed in Vienna as a
Hartford, June 8, 1884. Composer of pop- violin teacher. Works Two masses Con- : ;
ular songs, self-taught. His first song, certo for violin 6 quintets for strings 15 ; ;
" We are coming, sister Mary," was sung quartets for do. Duos for violins 20 varia- ; ;
by Christy's minstrels, and published by tions for 2 violins 20 do. for violin and ;
Firth, Pond & Co. (New York). His war- bass Sonatas for do. Method for violin. ; ;
songs, written in 1861-65, include " Brave Fetis Mendel Riemann.

: — ; ;
G03
; ;
WKA^ÎTZKY
WKANITZKY, PAUL, born at Neureuscb. sic, Frankfort, Brussels, and Paris, tben
Moravia, in 1756, died in Vienna, Sept. 28, settled in Berlin, wbere be taugbt tbeory in
1808. Viobnist and dramatic composer, Kullak's Conservato-
pupil in Vienna of Josef Kraus was viobn- rium. In 1852 be re-
;
ist inPrince Eszterbazy's orcbestra under ceived tbe gold medal,

Haydn, and in 1785 became Kapebmeister in 185G was made royal
at tbe imperial opera in Vienna. Many of music director, in 1874
bis numerous compositions were popular professor, and in 1877
in and bis sympbonies easily
tbeir time, member of tbe Acade-
beld tbeir own beside tbose of Haydn. my. He edited tbe
—
Works Operas and operettas Obcron, : Neue Berliner INIusik- -?
Kunig der Elfen, Frankfort, 1790, Vienna, zeitung in 1874-75. His'

1791 Der dreifacbe Liebbaber, Vienna,
; musical criticisms were
1791 Die Poststation, Merkur, der Hei- beld in bigb esteem. Works Operas Der
; — :
ratbsstifter, ib., 1793 Das Marokkaniscbe Rotbmantel Der Stern von Turan Vineta,
; ; ;
Keicb, Die gute Mutter, ib., 1794 Die Mannbeim, 18G4 A-Ing-Fo-Hi, ib. and Ber-
; ;
Weinlese, divertissement, ib., 179'! Das lin, 1875 Faublas, Berlin, 1S7G Die Offi-
; ; ;
Festder Lazzaroni, ib., 1795 DerScbreiner, ciere der Kaiserin, Berlin, 1878
; Eiue ;
ib., 1799. Ballets Zepbir und Flora Ze- Kiinstlerreise, operetta (witb Winterfeld),
: ;
mire und Azor Das Waldmiidcben Music Berlin, 18G8

; Der Wasserned', lyric can-
; ;
to tbe dramas Rolla's Tod, Rudolpb von tata 2 sympbonies Overtures String ; ; ;
Felseck, Siri-Brabe, and Jobanna von Mont- quartets; Violin concerto Songs. Mendel ; —
faucon 27 sympbonies
; 12 quintets for Riemann Futis, viii. 497
; Supplement, ii. ; ;
strings 45 quartets for do. 9 trios for do. 681.

; ;
Concerto for violoncello do. for flute 3 WtJLLNER, FRÎNZ, born at ^Miinster,
; ;
trios for 2 flutes and violoncello ; Trios for Westpbalia, Jan. 28,
pianoforte and strings ; Divertissements en 1832, stiU living, 1890.
quatuor for do.; Sonatas for pianoforte ;
Pianist, pupil of Karl
etc. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Scbilling. Arnold and Anton
WRECK OF THE HESPERUS, THE, Scbiudler, tbcn of tbe
cantata for cborus, soli, and orcbestra, by latter and of Kessler at
Tbomas Anderton, first performed in 1882. Frankfort, in 1848-52,
Subject from Longfellow's poem of tbe and of Grell and Debn
same title. Publisbed by Novello (London). in Berlin in 1850-51.
Same title, trio for female voices by Louis In 1852-54
be visited
Napoleon Parker. Brussels, Cologne, Bremen, Hanover, and
WRECK OF THE HESPERUS, THE, Leipsic, often appearing in concerts witb
ballad for voices and orcbestra, by Artbur success, and in 1854 settled at ^Munich,
Foote, given first by tbe Cecilia, Boston, wbere 185G be became professor at
in
Jan. 2G, 1888. Publisbed in pianoforte tbe Conservatorium. Called to Aix-la-
score (Boston, Artbur P. Scbmidt). Cbapelle as city music director in 185S, lio
WtJERST, RICHARD (FERDINAND), was appointed in 1861 royal music direc-
born in Berlin, Feb. 22, 1824, died tbere, tor, returned in 1865 to Municb to conduct
Oct. 9, 1881. Dramatic composer, pupil of tbe court cbapel, assumed also in 1867 tbe
Rungenbagcn at tbe royal Academy, and of direction of tbe cboral classes at tbe Con-
Mendelssobn in Berlin studied tbe violin ; servatorium, and in 18()9 succeeded von
under Hubert Ries and later in Lcipsic Billow as Kapellmeister at tbe opera and
under David. In 1845-4G, be visited Lcip- conductor of tbe academy concerts. In
;
WUNDERLICH
1870 he was appointed Hof-Kapellmeister, in Washington, Pennsylvania, April 15,
and in 1875 royal professor. He went to 1872. He taught the violin with vocal and
Dresden in 1877 as director of the Con- instrumental music at Wheeling, West Vir-
servatoriuin, and in 1885 succeeded Hiller ginia, in 1859, and in 1867^ established a
at Cologne. Works Heiurich der Fink- successful music school at Claremont, New
:
ler, cantata for male chorus, soli, and or- Hampshire. His works for the pianoforte,
chestra 2 masses;
5 motets Miserere for which were
;
popular, include
;
Silvery :
double chorus Stabat Mater for

;
do. Psalm Waves Woodland Echoes Music
;
among ; ;
cxxv., with orchestra Chamber music So- the

;
Pines Wedding Bells March Fairy ; ; ;
natas Choruses, and songs.

;
—
Mendel Rie- Visions Song of the Skylark Evening
; ; ;
mann. Parade March Moonlight Musings, etc. ;
WUNDERLTCH, JOHANN GEORG,

born at Bayreuth in 1755, died in Paris in
1819. Virtuoso on the flute, jiupil of his YANKEE DOODLE, a national air of
father (an oboist), and in Paris of Rault America, the origin of which is un-
appeared in 1779 in the Concerts Spirituels, known. The trivial words of the
entered in 1782 the royal orchestra and original song, in derision of the ill assorted
that of the Opora, became in 1787 first provincial troops, are said to have been
flute, and in 1794 professor, at the newly written in 1755 by Dr. Schuckbrugh, who
organized Conservatoire. His most famous served as surgeon under Gen. Amherst dur-
pupil was Tulou. In 1813 he resigned his ing the French and Indian war. Several
position at the Opera. Works Six duos : versions of the song, the original title of
for flutes Sonatas for flute and bass 3 which was "The Yankee's Return from
; ;
sonatas with bassoon or violoncello 6 solos Camp," are extant. The tune, always called
;
for flute 9 grand solos for do. G divertisse- Yankee Doodle from the chorus, or refrain,
; ;
ments ; and caprices, etc. Method has passed through various changes. The
fitudes
for flute. —Fctis
Mendel Riemann. ; historical associations connecting the air
;
WURFEL, (WENZEL) WILHELM with the Amei'ican Revolution, when it was

(Vaclav Vilem), born at Planian, Bohemia, universally played, have prevented criticism
in 1791, died in Vienna, April 22, 1852. of the melody, which is sirajile and incisive,
Pianist, instructed by his mother, and in but shrill and shallow. It is almost cer-
composition self-taught from theoretical tainly of English origin, though it has been
works and the scores of great masters. Af- ascribed to various countries, and it prob-
ter making a concert tour through Bohemia, ably dates from the 18th century. The
Hungary, and Poland, he became in 1815 statement in Admiral Preble's "History of
professor at the Warsaw Conservatorium, the Flag of the United States," that it occurs
but a few years later started on a second in one of Arne's operas, is incorrect, but it
concert tour, lived for a while in Prague, is in Samuel Arnold's opera, "Two to One,"
then settled in Vienna, where he was ap- London, 1784, under the name of Yankee
pointed in 1826 music director at the Doodle. Grove, iv. 493. —
Kurnthnerthor-Theater. Works : Riibezahl, YE LIGHTNINGS, YE THUNDERS.
opera in three acts, Prague, 1824 ; Roth- See, Sind Blitze, sind Donner.
mantel, comic opera, Vienna, about 1832 ;
YEOMEN OF THE GUARD, or the
Concerto for pianoforte and orchestra Fan- Merryman and his Maid, comic opera in
;
tasias, rondos, polonaises, etc., for piano- two acts, text by Gilbert, music by Sulli-
forte. —
Fi'tis Mendel Schilling.
; van, first represented at the Savoy Theatre,
;
WYMAN, ADDISON P., born in Corn- London, and at the Casino, New York, Oct.
ish, New Hampshire, June 23, 1832, died 3, 1888. The opera was given in Vienna as
YOST
Der Konigsgardist, in 1889. —
Athenneum Serie v.. No. 11. — Kiichel, Verzeichniss, No.
(1888), ii. 456; Krehbiel, Review (1888- 344 Andre, ; do., No. 38 ; Jahn, Mozart, ii.
89), 2. 400-420.
YES EVEN LOVE TO
! FAIilE MUST ZiVIRE, French opera in three acts, text
YIELD. See Oberon. music by Charles Lefebvre,
by Paul Collin,
YES, LET ME LIKE A SOLDIER represented at Lille, November, 1887. The
FALL. See Maritana. libretto is an adaptation of Voltaire's
YOST, MICHEL, born in Paris in 1754, tragedy of the same title (1730). Miss Van
died there, July 5, 178G. Clarinettist, pu- Zandt, called Vanzini, was very successful
pil of Joseph Beer. Works Fourteen con- :
certos for the clarinet ; 5 quartets for clari- '-?^^^

net and strings ; 8 books of clarinet duets,
and one book of variations for the clarinet,
viola, and double bass.
YRADIER, SEBASTIAN, born in Spain,
died in Vittoriain 1865. Nothing is known
of his life. He wrote a number of songs,
of which " Ay Chiquita," the most popular,
was translated into many languages. An
edition of twenty-five of his songs to words
of Paul Bernard and Tagliafico was pub-
lished by Heugel (Paris).
YULETIDE, cantata for chorus, soli, and
orchestra, text by Julia Goddard, music by
Thomas Anderton, first performed at the
Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug. 26,
1885. Published by Novello, Ewer & Co.
(London, 1885).— Athenseum (1885), ii. 311.
ADOK, THE PRIEST. See Corona-
Z lion
ZAIDE, German
Anthem.
operetta in two acts,

Vanzini, as Zaire.
text by Schachtner, music by Mozart, com- in the rule of the heroine. Other operas
posed in 1779-80. No record is left of on the same subject Zaira, Itjilian opera
:
its performance. Characters represented : seria in two acts, by Francesco Fcderici,

Zaide, Gomatz, Allazim, Sultan Soliman, Turin, 1803 by Marcos Portugal, Lisbon,
;
Osmin, Zaram, and Oberster derLeibwache. 1804 by Peter

;
von Winter, London, 1805 ;
The story resembles that of the Ent- by Vincenzo Lavigna, Florence, 1809.
fuhrung aus dem Serail. The opera was Same subject, text by Felice Roniaui by ;
left without an overture, a finale, or a name, Vincenzo Bellini, Parma, 1829 by Ales- ;
and the original text-book is lost. Andre, sandro Gandini, Modeua, 1829 by Saverio ;
who owned the score, published it in 1838, Mercadante, Naples, 1831 by Antonio ;
under the title of Zaide, with a new over- Mammi, Modena, 1845 by Corona, Leg- ;
ture and finale and a libretto was supplied horn, 18G3.

;
Zayre, German opera in three
by Gollmick from the cues and text of the acts, by Ernst II. of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,
arias. Breitkojif «fc Hiirtel, Mozart Wcrkc, Gotha,"l84G.
G05
"
ZAMPA
ZAIMPA, ou la fiancee de marbre (The 1832), and by Haslinger (Vienna, 1832).
Marble Bride), French opora-comique in Clement et Larousce, 711 Allgem. mus. — ;
tliree acts, text by Melesville, music by Zeitg., xxxiv. 141, 516, 809, 871 Athe- ;
Hcrold, first represented at the Opera Co- najum (ISU), 275 (1858), 177 (1870), ii. ; ;
mique, Paris, May 3, 1831. The libretto 505 Revue et Gaz. mus. de Paris (1850), ;
is modelled after that of Don Giovanni. 285.

The best numbers include The overtui-e ZANETTA, opera-comique in three acts,
:
;
Camille's air, " A ce bonheur supreme text by Scribe and Saint-Georges, music by;
The quartet, " Le voila que mon ame est Auber, first represented at the Opera Co-
!
emue " the trio, " Au plaisir, a

;
mique, Paris, May 18, 1840. The opera
la folic ;
" Aux pieds de la madone," trio given in French in London, at St.

for wom- was
en's voices Zampa's air, " II faut ceder a James's Theatre, Feb. 12, 1849.— Clement
;
mcs lois " the duo, " Juste ciel c'est ma et Larousse, 713 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xlii.
;
!
;
femme," between Daniel and Eitta ; the 552.

ZANOBI DA GAGLIANO, MAECO DL
See Gagliano.
ZAELINO, GIOSEFFO, born at Chiog-
gia, Venetia, March 22, 1517, died in Ven-
ice, Feb. 14, 1590. Musical theorist ;
pu-
pil of Adrian Willaert in Venice. His
early life was spent in studying for the
Church was admitted to the minor orders
;
in 1539 and ordained deacon in 1541. In

that year he removed to Venice, where he
studied music, and in 1565 succeeded Ci-
priano de Rore as maestro di cappella at
San Marco. In 1582 he was elected a
canon of Chioggia, and on the death in
1583, of Marco de' Medici, Bishoj) of Chiog-
gia, he was chosen to fill that see but ;
the Doge and the Senate opposed his aj)-

pointment and he remained maestro di
Sylva. cappella at San Marco until his death.
He wrote music to celebrate the victory of
duo, " Helas o douleur
! ! il me croit in- Lepanto, Oct. 7, 1571 music to the verses
;
fidele !
" the barcarolle, " Oh vas-tu, pauvre of Rocco Benedetti and Cornelio Fran-
gondolier," sung by Alphonse ;
" Douce gipani, which were sung on the Bucentoro
jouvencelle," a rondo in a chorus and the ; to welcome Henri HI. to Venice in 1574 ;
duo, " Pourquoi trembler," between Zampa music to a dramatic piece, Orfeo, performed
and Camille. The opera was revived at the in the Sala del Maggior Cousiglio, and a
Opera Comique in 1856. It was first given mass for the founding of the church of Sta.
in Berlin and Vienna in 1833, and first in
London at the King's Theatre, April 19,
1833. was given at Her Majesty's in
It
18U, and at Covent Garden, Aug. 5, 1858.
It was sung in French at St. James's, Jan. Maria della Salute. The only compositions
16, 1850 and in English at the Gaiety, of Zarlino extant are a MS. mass for four
;
Oct. 8, 1870. Published by Schott (Mainz, voices in the library of the Liceo Filar-
606
;
ZAKSKAJA
monico, Bologna, and a printed volume of enna, under Mozart's direction, Sept. 30,
Modulationes for six voices (Venice, 15G6), 1791, This, the composer's last opera, was
His fame rests on the treatises Institutioui : written during the last months of his Hfe.
armonicbe (Venice, 1558, reprinted 15G2, Although not received with extraordinary
and 1573) Dimonstrationi armouiche (ib.,
; favor, it soon became popular, and reached
1571, reprinted 1573) ; and Sopplimenti mu- its one hundredth representation, Nov. 23,
sicali (ib., 1588). He was one of the most 1792, and its two hundredth, Nov. 22, 1795.
learned musical theorists of the 16th cen- Original cast Astrafiammante, Queen of :
tury, and his principles advance Night, Mme Hofer Pamina, her daughter.
were far in ;
of his time. —
Monograph of the Abbe Ra- Mile GottUeb; Sarastro, Herr Gerl Ta- ;
vagnan Caffi, Narrazione della vita e delle mino, HeiT Schack

; Monostatos, Herr ;
opere del prete Giuseffo Zarlino (Venice, Nouseul Papageno, Herr Schikaneder ;
183G) do., Storia della musica sacra nella Papagcna, Mme Gerl. The story is from
;
gia cappella di San IMarco in Venezia (Ven- "Lulu, or the Magic Flute," in "Wieland's
ice, 1854), i. 129-154 Grove Mendel F^- " Dschinnistan." The scene is in Egypt.
; ; ;
tis. The principal numbers include : the over-

ZARSKAJA SKISU one of Mozart's finest instrumental
(Life for the Czar), ture,
Eussiau opera in five acts, with epilogue, compositions Papageno's song, *' Der Vo- ;
text by the Baron von Rosen, music by gelftinger bin ich ja ;" Tamino's aria, " Dies
Michail Ivanovitch GHnka, first represented Bildniss ist bezaubernd Schon " the grand ;
in St. Petersburg, Dec. 9, 1836. This op- aria for the Queen of Night, " O zittre nicht
era contains many melodies, and is very mein lieber Sohn ;" the "Padlock quintet,"
popular in Russia, but has won scant suc- in which Papageno hums Avith a padlock
cess in other countries. It reached its five on his lips the duet, "Bei Miinnern welche ;
hundredth representation in St. Petersburg Liebc fiihlen," between Pamina and Papa-
in 1880. It was performed in memory of geno Tamino's aria, " dass ich doch im;
Glinka at Smolensk, Nov. 27, 1886 and Stande wlire," and "Konnte jeder bravo
;
was first sung in London, at Covent Garden, Mann," a duet for Pamina and Papageno,
in four acts, July 12, 1887. Same subject, with chorus Sarastro's aria, " O Isis und ;
Iwan Susannino, Russian opera by Caterino Osiris;" Monostato's aria, " Alles fiihlt der
by Schachowskoi, St. Petersburg, Liebe Freuden " the second great aria for
Cavos, text ;
1799.— Athenffium (1887), ii. 94. the Queen of Night, " Der Hulle Rache
ZAUBERHARFE, DIE (The Magic kocht ;
" Sarastro's aria, " In diesen heil'gcn
Harp), melodrama in three Ach ich fiihl's, es ist verschwun-

acts, text by Halleu ;
" " !
Hofmann, music by Schubert, by Pamina; "Soil ich dich,

first rep- den," sung
resented in Vienna, Aug. 19, 1820. The Theu'rer, nicht mehr sehen ? " a tcrzet for
libretto is worthless, but Schubert con- Sarastro, Pamina, and Tamino Papageno's ;
sidered the music among his best composi- melody, "Ein Miidchcn odcr Weibchcn,"
tions. Portions of the MS. are in Spina's taken from the last two lines of the choral,
;
collection. The overture, the only number "Nun lob mein' Seel' deuHerreu " a second
published, appeared in 1828, as the overture choral melody, "Der, welchor wandelt dicso
to llosamunde, op. 26. —
Kreisslo von Hell- Strasse," a scene between Tamino and the
born (Coleridge), Schubert, ii. 175 Allgera. two men in armour, originally " Ach Gott
;
mus. Zeitg., xxii. 671 Frost, Schubert, 37. vom Himmel;" a nonsense duet, "Papa-
;
ZAUBERFLOTE, DIE (The Magic Flute), Papageno," sung by Papageno and Papa-
German opera two acts, text by Emanuel gcna and the final chorus, " Heil sci cuch
in ;
Schikaneder, music by Mozart, first repre- Geweiten," sung by the priests. Although
sented at the Theater auf der Wieden, Vi- the libretto is incongruous and absurd, the
607
ZAVERTAL
Zauberflute still keeps the stage, owing to (ib.) by J. Frey (Paris)
; by Heugel (ib., ;
the music. The Queen of Night, one of the 1865) for the pianoforte for four hands,
;
most bravura parts in the literature by Ebers (Lane, Berlin, 1827) and for the
difficult ;
of dramatic music, has been sung with suc- pianoforte, by E. F. Richter

(Breitkopf &
cess by Adelina Patti, Uma de Murska, Hiirtel, Leipsic, 1841). Breitkopf & Har-
Christine Nilsson, and Etelka Gerster. The tel, Mozart Werke, Serie v.. No. 20. KOch- —
opera was first given in Berlin, May 12, el, Verze'chniss, No. 620 Jahn, Mozart, iv. ;
1794 ; in Hamburg, Nov. 1794 in Leip- 591-679; do. (Hall), iii. 309; Nohl, do.
19, ;
sic in 1809 in Dresden, Oct. 27, 1818 and (Lady Wallace), ii. 239
; ;
Gehring, do. 126 ; ;
at the 50th anniversary on the Berlin stage. Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 54 Allgem. mus. ;
May 12, 1844. It was first sung in France Zeitg., iii. 484 iv. 69, 817 xi. 454 xiii. ; ; ;
as Les 3Iijsteres d'Isis, an arrangement of 845 xvii. 247, 571, 625;

xx. 839 xxvii. ; ;
Mozart's opera by Morel and Lachnith, 228 xxix. 262 xxxvi. 462 xlii. 942 xliv.
; ; ; ;
Academic Royale de Musique, Paris, Aug. 366 xlvi. 443 xlviii. 481 Ciicilia, i. 12
; ; ;
;
20, 1801 and as La flfite enchantee, text Neue Zeitschr., xlv. 41 Clement et La-
;
;
by Nuitter and Beaumont, Theatre Lyrique, rousse, 297 Grove, ii. 404, 519 iv. 503, ; ;
518 Krehbiel, Review (1885-86), 120 Up-

; ;
ton, Standard Operas, 181.

ZAVERTAL (Zavrtal, Zaverthal, Sawer-
JOZEF RUDOLPH, born at Polep,
thal),
near Leitmeritz, Bohemia, Nov. 5, 1819.
Violinist, pupil at the Conservatorium at
Prague band-master successively of two
;
Aiastrian regiments in 1840-50, of the Im-

perial Marines in 1850-64, director of mili-
tary music to Emperor Maximilian of Mex-
ico, 1864 ; band-master of the 4th British,
King's Own regiment, 1868, of the Royal
Engineers, 1871. "Works Pastyrka, Servian :
opera, 1847 Many pieces of military music,

;
marches, and dances Songs and choruses.

;
His nephew, Ladislav (born in Milan, Sept.

29, 1849, still living, 1890), was appointed
bandmaster of the Royal Artillery, Wool-
Etelka Gerster. wich, England, in 1882. Works Una notte :
a Firenze, opera, Prague, 1886 Myrrha, ;
Feb. 23, 18G5. II flauto magico was first do., ib., Nov. 7, 1886 Love's Magic, do., ;
given in London in Italian at the King's Woolwich, Feb. 18, 1890 and dance music. ;
Theatre, for Naldi's benefit, June G, 1811 ZAYTZ, GIOVANNI VON, born at Fiume
;
in English, at Di-ury Lane, March 10, 1838 in 1834, still living, 1890.
;
Composer, pu-
and in German, at Covent Garden, May 27, pil of Lauro Rossi at the Milan Conserva-
1833. It was first sung in New York, in torio in 1850-56. His father, Jan Zaytz,
Italian, Nov. 21, 1859, and, in English, at a native of Prague, was bandmaster of a
the Academy of Music, Jan. 27, 1886. The regiment. In 1856 he became music di-
original score, owned by Andre, of Frank- rector of La Scala, Milan, and removed to
fort-on-the-Îain, was published by Simrock Vienna in 1862, after a short period spent
(Bonn, 1815) by Andre (Offenbach) by in Fiume. Since 1870 he has been Kapell-
; ;
Peters (Leipsic), by Breitkopf & Hiirtel meister of the theatre and teacher of sing-
CU8
;
ZECII
ing in the Conservatory at Agram, Croatia. at the Philadelphia Musical Academy, of

—
|
Works Operas La Tjrolese, Milan Con- which he has been director since 1876. He
:
servatorio, 1855 ; La sposa

Messina has invented a metronome and a machine to
di
Adelia ; Amalia, Fiume, 1861
Mannseliaft measure the muscular strength of the fin-
;
an Bord, Vienna, 1863 ; Fitzli-Putzli, ib., gers, and he is also the originator of the
1864 Die Lazzaroni, Naples, ib., 1865 operation to liberate the fourth finger of
;
;
Die Hexe von Boissy, burlesque, ib., 1866 pianists. Works Bride of Messina, over- ; :
Naehtscliwai'mer, 1866 Das Rendez-ib., ; ture for orchestra ; Festival overture for do.,
vous in der Schweiz, ib., 1867 Das Gauge- ; 1880 ; Vocal and pianoforte compositions.
richt, ib., 1867 Die Somnambule, ib.,
; ZEHN GESETZE DER KUNST, DIR
1868 ;Nach Mekka, ib., 1868 Meister ; See The Ten Commandments.
Puff, ib., 1869 Der Raub der Sabinerin-
; ZELENIv.\, JAN DISMAS, born at
nen, Berlin, 1870 Der gefangene Amor ; Lannowicz, Bohemia, in 1681, died in Dres-
Nicola Subic Zrinjski, Croatian opera, den, Dec. 23, 1745. In 1710 he became
Agram, 1876 Ban Legat, do., ib., 1877
; ; double-bass player in the Royal Polish
Mislav, do., ib., 1878 Lizinka, do., ib., 1878 ;
;
Chapel in Dresden and was one of the
and Pan Twardowski (Faust), ib., 1880. suite of the crown j^rince iu his visit to Vi-
Masses Choruses
; Songs Instrumental enna in 1716-17, and to Venice in 1718-19.
; ;
and dance music. It is thought that he studied under A. Lotti

ZECH, FREDERICK, born in Philadel- and J. J. Fux in Dresden, where he was as-
phia, Pennsylvania, May 10, 1858, still liv- sistant conductor to David Heinichcn, Hof-
ing, 1890. In 1877 he went to Berlin, where Kapellmeister in Dresden, to which pt)st he
he remained until 1882, studying the piano- was appointed upon the death of Heinichen.
forte under Theodor Kullak, and musical In 1735 he was made composer of the
composition under Fi'anz Neumann and Pro- church. Works Three oratorios. Die :
fessor Breslauer. In 1878-80 he taught the eherne Schlange, Jesus auf Golgotha, and I
pianoforte in Kullak's Conservatory of Mu- penitenti al sepolcro 20 Masses 3 Re- ; ;
sic, Berlin. On America he quiems 2 Te Deum Responses Hymns

his return to ; ; ; ;
settled in San Francisco, where he is now a Psalms Suite for orchestra. ;
teacher. He has appeared with success as ZELINSia, LADISLAW, born in

a pianist, and has conducted orchestral and Galicia, July 6, 1837, still living, 1890.
choral societies. Works Two symphonies; Composer, pupil of Franciszek Mirecki in
:
Concert-overture for orchestra 2 concertos Cracow, of Josef Krejî in Prague, and of

;
for the pianoforte and orchestra Trio for Danacke in Paris. For many years he has
;
pianoforte, violin, and violoncello Piano- been professor of composition in the Con-
;
forte pieces Choruses with orchestra servatory of Warsaw. Works Synqjhony

; :
Songs. for orchestra, first played at the Conserva-

ZECKWER, RICHARD, born in Stcndal, tory of Prague ; 2 cantatas with orchestra ;
Prussia, April 30, 1850, still living, 1890. Mass with organ ; String quartet ; Trio for
Pianist and composer, pupil of Hauptmann, pianoforte, violin, and violoncello ; Varia-
Richter, Reincckc, and Papperitz in theory tions for string quartet ; 3 string quintets ;
and composition at tlie Lcipsic Conserva- Pianoforte music.

torium, and of Moschelcs and Papperit.'^ on ZELLNER, LEOPOLD .VLEXANDER,
the pianoforte and organ. He went to Phila- born at Agram, Croatia, Soi)t. 23, 1823,
delphia in 1870, and held the post of organ- still living, 1890. Instrumental composer,
ist at St. Vincent de Paul's, Germantown, in pupil of his father, organist of the cathe-
1870-77, and in the Cathedral of Phila- dral of Agram. He studied tlie organ, vio-
delphia in 1878-80. In 1870-76 he taught loncello, and oboe, and when fifteen became
G09
:
ZELLNEK
orgauist of the Katharinenkirche and kettle- panist for the Berlin Singakademie, and ou
di-um player in the theatre at Agram. the death of Fasch iu 1800 became its di-
After serving in the lu-jny, he taught music rector, which post he
in Vienna, Avhere in 1855 he established the held until his death.

" Blatter fur Musik," which he edited until In 1806 he was ap-
18G8. In 1859 he founded the historical pointed assessor iu
concerts and conducted them until 18G8, the Akademie, and
when he was appointed professor of theory in 1807 conducted
iu the Vienna Conservatorium. He excels the Ripienscliule for
as a harmonium player. Works : Piano- orchestra practice.
forte pieces ; Violoncello pieces ; Choral On Dec. 28, 1808, he
songs ; Harmonium music. —Mendel. founded in Berlin
ZELLNER, JULIUS, born in Vienna iu the fii'st Liedertafel,
1832, still living,He abandoned a society composed of musicians and poets,
1890.
commerce for music, and began to study which had many imitators. In 1809 he
seriously iu 1851. His first composition of founded the Royal Institute for church
importance, a symphony for orchestra in E, music, which ho directed until his death.
was first performed by the Philharmonic Zelter's influence upon the music of Berlin
Society of Vienna iu 1870, with great suc- was strong and lasting. He was an enthusi-
cess. He is now a well-known teacher of astic worshipper of Bach, and the intimate
music iu Vienna. Works Symphony for friend of Goethe and Mendelssohn. Works
:
orchestra in E do. iu E-flat Music to Die Cantata on the death of Frederick the
; ;
schuue Melusine Im Hochgebirge, for Great The Ascension, oratorio Requiem

; ; ; ;
chorus, soli, and orchestra Songs and part- Te Deum ; Choruses Songs and Part- ; ;
songs ; Pianoforte music. songs Many pianoforte compositions. He ;
ZEL^HRA, opera seria iu two was known especially for his setting of
Italian
acts, text by Tottola, music by Rossini, Goethe's and Schiller's songs. Literary
first represented at the Teatro San Carlo, works Karl Friedrich Christian Fasch :
Naples, in December, 1821. The original (Berlin, 1801) and Briefwechsel zwischen ;
cast included Mile Colbran, IMlle Cecconi, Goethe und Zelter (6 vols., Berlin, 1833-
:
Davidde, Nozzare, and Benedetti. Carpani y\ 34 ; English translation by

Avrote thewords for a new air, which Ros- A^jg/^^yÂ. D. Coleridge, 1887).
sini added to Zelmira for Mile Eckerlin, /7 '
— Carl Friedrich Zelter, eine
who sang the contralto part when it was Lebensbeschreibung, edited
firstgiven in Vienna, Aj^ril 13, 1822. It by Dr. Wilhelm Rintel (Berlin, 18G1) Men- ;
was first sung at the King's Theatre, Lon- del Fetis Riemann ; Grove. ; ;
don, Jan. 24, 182i. Edwards, Rossini, —

Zt^HRE ET AZOR, conudie-feerie iu
22G ; Escudier, do., 158 ; Allgem. mus. four acts, text by Marmontel, music by
Zeitg., xxiv. 349 ; Grove, iii. 1G9. Gretry, first represented at Fontaiuebleau,
ZELTER, K.UiL ERIEDRICH, born in Nov. 9, 1771. The story is the old fairy
Berlin, Dec. 11, 1758, died there, May 14, tale of Beauty and the Beast. It was first
1832. Composer and conductor, pupil of given in Paris, Dec. 10, 1771 at the King's ;
Johann Kiruberger and Karl Fried-

Pliilipp Theatre, London, in Italian, translation by
rich Christian Fasch in Berlin. His father Signor Verazzi, in 1779, and in Vienna,
was a mason and apprenticed his son to the adapted for the German stage by Seyfried,
same trade, which he abandoned for music. Jan. 8, 1818. It was reduced to two acts
He played the violin in Rellstab's concerts by Scribe for the Oprra Comique, Paris,
iu Berlin from 1792 till 1800 was accom-
: Feb. 21, 1832, and was given there iu four
GIQ
;:; ;
ZEMIRE
acts, June 29, 1846, when the score was re- ZENNER, KARL TRAUGOTT, born in
vised —
by Adolplie Adam. Clement et La- Dresdeu, April 28, 1775, died in Paris, Jan.
rousse, 715 Gretry, Essais sur la musique, 24, 1841.
; Pianist, pupil of Daniel Gottlob
i. 221 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xx. 129 xlix. 33G. Tiirk in Halle, and of Clementi in St.
; ;
ZEMQIE UND AZOE, romantic German Petersburg. In 1803 he appeared in con-

opera in three acts, text by Ihlee, music by certs
and lived in Vienna, Paris in Paris,
Spohr, first represented in Frankfort-ou-the-
Petersburg, and Dresden. Works Two St. :
Main, Aj^ril 4, 1819. The libretto is a ver- concertos for pianoforte with orchestra
sion of Marmontel's text, set by Gretry. The String-quartet Variations on a Russian ;
best number of the ojjera is the beautiful theme for pianoforte, violin, and violon-
aria "Eose, wie bist du reizend vmd mild," cello Polonaises, fantasias, variations, and ;
sung by Zemire when she receives the rose. other pieces for the pianoforte.
An incantation scene from the composer's ZENOBIA, Italian opera in three acts,
Faust is introduced as the finale to the first text by Metastasio, music by Piccinni, first
act, and a duet from Jessonda is inserted in represented at the Teatro San Carlo, Na-
the third act. The opera was first per- ples, in 1756. The story is of Zenobia,
formed in Amsterdam and Leipsic in 1820 ; Queen of Palmyi*a, who was defeated by
in Vienna in 1821 and first in London, at ; Aurelian and taken captive to Rome in 273
Covent Garden, April 5, 1831. Published A.D. Other Italian operas on this text by :
by Cranz (Hamburg, 1823). Spohr, Auto- — Luca Antonio Predieri, Vienna, Aug. 28,
biography, ii. 58 Allgem. mus, Zeitg., xxi.
; 1740 by Guglielmo Sbacci, Venice, 1740
; ;
349 xxiii. 3G0

; xxv. 224, 458 Harmoni-
; ; by Micheli, ib., 1746 by David Perez, ;
cou (1831), i. 129 ii. 1. ; Turin, 1751 by Cocchi, Loudon, 1758 by

; ;
ZENGEK, MAX, born in Munich, Feb. 2, Sala, Naples, 1761 by J. A. Hasse, Vienna,
;
1837, still living, 1890. Dramatic com- 1763 by Schwanberg, Brunswick, 1767
; ;
poser, pupil in Munich of Ludwig Stark, by Tozzi, Munich, 1773 by Calegari, Mo- ;
and at the Leijisic Conservatorium. He dena, 1779 by Sirotti, ib., 1783 and by
; ;
Avas Kapellmeister in Ratisbon in 18G0 Minoja, Rome, 1788. Other operas of the
music director of the Munich Hofoper in same title by Boretti, Vienna, 1661 by
: ;
1869 and Hof-Kapellmeister in Carlsruhe

; Georg Reutter, text by Pasquini, ib., Nov.
in 1872. With impaired health he returned 19, 1732 by Federici, London, 1795 by
; ;
to Munich, where he was conductor of the Bianchi, ib., 1797 and by Richard, Earl ;
Oratorio Society in 1878-85. He was also of Edgecombe, ib., 1800 Zenobia, regina ;
conductor of the singing society of the Aca- de' Palmireni, by Albinoni, text by Marchi,
demy, and of the Choral Society in the Venice, 1694 Zenobia in Palmira, by Feo,
;
Royal school of music. Works Operas — Naples, Jan. 18, 1713 by Leo, ib., 1725 ; ;
Die Foscari, Munich, 1863 Ruy Bias, ; by Pasquale Anfossi, text by Gaetano Serta,
Mannheim, June 4, 18G8 Wieland der ; Venice, 1790 by Paisicllo, same text, Nai)les,
;
Schmicd, Munich, Jan. 18, 1880. Kain, ora- 1790 and Zenobia o Radaniisto, by Gio-
;
torio, ib., April 19, 1867 Festmarsch for ; vanni Legrenzi, text by ^Nlatteo Noris, Fer-
orchestra 2 scenes from Goethe's Faust
; rara, 1665 by Chelleri, same text, Naples,
;
for do. ; Symphony for do. in D ; Tragische 1776 and by Pietro Raimondi, ib., IS 17.
;
Symphonic for do. ; Overture for do., oi?. See Jhuldinislo.
42 ; Trio for pianoforte, violin, and violon- English grand opera, in four ZENOBIA,
cello, op. Choruses for 2 sopranos, con- acts, text and music by Silas G. Pratt, first
15 ;
tralto, tenor, and bass, op. 24 5 songs fen- sung at a concert in Cliicago, June 16,
;
soprano with pianoforte, op. 28 Songs 1882, by Annie Louise Cary, for whom ;
Pianoforte music. the part of Zenobia was written, Mario

: ;;
ZfiPHIRE
Charles KnoiT, James Gill, and W. (S.) Phannias, high-priest (B.) Josephus
'
;
Litta, ;
H. Clark. It was first represented dra- Flavius, Jewish general (Bar.) Titus, Ro- ;
matically at McVicker's Theatre, Chicago, man general (T.) Gessius Florus, Roman ;
March 2G, governor inJudea (Btu*.) Anakletus, Chris-

1883, with the foUowiug cast ;
Zenobia, Dora Henniuges tian bishop (T.)

Sindarina, ;
Johannes of Giscala (T.) ;
Agnes Shell Julia,

; Miss von Eisner Au- Simon of Gerasa (Bar.);
and Eleasar (B.) ; ;
relian, Charles Clark Zabdas, Charles Jewish leaders, and chorus of Romans,
;
Kent Longinus, Charles Clarke ; and priests, Jews, soldiers. Christians, and pro-
;
Ghost of Odenatus, W. H. Pease. The phets. The work was given in Berlin, June
opera was given at the Twenty-third Street IG, 1832. Published by Hofmeister (Leip-
Theatre, New York, Aug. 21, 1883. Score sic, 1832). Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxx. G78 — ;
published by Oliver Ditsou & Co. (Boston, xxxiv.447 xxxv. 773. ;
1883). ZIANI, MARCO ANTONIO, born in Ven-

ZEPHIRE, opura-ballet by Rameau, first ice in 1G53, died in Vienna, Jan. 22, 1715.
represented at the Academic Royale de Dramatic composer, nephew of Pietro An-
]\Iusic]ue, Paris, in 1754. drea Ziani, and his successor as Kapell-
ZEPHYR DUET. See Nozze di Figaro. meister to the Austrian court in Vienna.
ZERLINE, ou la corbeille d'oranges, Works — Operas : Candaule, Venice, 1G79 ;
French opera in three acts, text by Scribe, Alessandro Magno in Sidone, ib., 1679 ; La
music by Auber, first represented at the bizzarra, ib., 1G80 Alcibiade, ib.,
ninfa ;
Academie Royale de Musique, Paris, May 1G80 Damiro placato, ib., 1G82 La virth ; ;
If), 1851. Scene in Palermo. Score pub- sublimata del grande, 1G83 Tullio Ostilio, ;
lished by Brandus (Paris). Clement et La- —

ib., 1G85 L' inganno regnante, 1GS8 II ; ;
rousse, 71G. gran Tamerlano, ib., 1G89 Creonte, ib., ;
ZERSTORUNG JERUSALEMS, DIE 1690 Falsirena, ib., 1690 L' amante eroe, ; ;
(The Destruction of Jerusalem), oratorio in ib., 1690 Marte deluso, ib., 1691 La ; ;
two i)arts for soli, chorus, and orchestra, virtii trionfante dell' amoi-e e dell' odio, ib.,
text by Dr. Steinheim, music by Ferdi- 1691 Rosalinda, 1693 Amor figlio del ; ;
nand Hiller, op. 24, first pei'formed at the merto, ib., 1693 La moglie nemica, ib., ;
Gewandhaus, Leipsic, under the composer's 1694 La finta pazzia d' Ulisse, ib., 1694 ; ;
direction, April 2, 1840. The subject isDomicio, ib., 1695 La Costanza in trionfo, ;
Jex-emiah's prophec}' and the fall of Jeru- ib., 1696 Eumene, ib., 1696 Odoardo,
; ;
salem. Characters represented : Zedekia, ib., 1698 Egisto re di Cipro, ib., 1698 ; Gli
;
King of Juda Charmital, his

; mother amori tra gli odi, ib., 1699 Teodosio, ib.,
;
;
Jeremias ; Hanna, his sister. It 1699 II duello d' amore e di vendetta, ib.,
Achicam ; ;
was given in Berlin and Vienna in 1842. 1700 Giordano Pio, ib., 1700 Temistocle, ; ;
Published by Kistner, with score for the Vienna, June 9, 1701 Romolo, ib., June 9, ;
jnanoforte by the composer (Leipsic, 1841). 1702 Esopo, Venice, 1703 Cajo Poiîho, ; ;
— Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xlii. 318 xliv. 113, Vienna, 1704 Meleagro, Vienna, July 26,
; ;
382 ; Neue Zeitschr., xii. 120 xiv. 2 1706 Alboino, ib., 1707
;
II campidoglio
; ; ;
Schumann, Ges. Schriften, ii. 148, 195. ricuperato, ib., 1709 Chelonida, ib., 1709 ; ;
ZERSTORUNG JERUS.\LEMS, DIE, Andromeda, ib., 1714 and one act of Ate- ;
oratorio in two parts for soli, chorus, and naide, 1714. Oratorios II giudizio di Salo- :
orchestra, text by G. Nicolai, music by mone, Venice, 1697 Le profezie adempiete e ;
Loewe, first performed in Stettin, Sept. 14, le figure illustrate, Vienna, 1702 II mistico ;
1830. The story is the destruction of Giobbe, ib., 1704 La morte vinta sul Cal- ;
Jerusalem. The characters are Agrippa, vario, ib., 1706 II sacrifizio d' Isacco, ib.,
: ;
King of the Jews (T.) Berenice, his sister 1707 La passioue nell' orto, ib., 1708
; ;
ZIANI
Gesti flagellato, Vienna, 1709 ; La sapienza liaus, Lcipsic, Jan. 31, 1878.
Published by
umana illuminata dalla religione, 1710 SeniY (Leipsic, 1877) also arranged with
ib., ; ;
II sepolcro nell' orto, ib., 1711; Santa Eu- pianoforte accompaniment (ib.). Signale —
frosina, ib., 1713 ; Six trios for 2 vio- (1878), U7, 205.
lins and bass, pubHshed by lioger (Amster- 1 ZIMMERMAN, PIEKRE JOSEPH
dam). GUILLAOIE, born in Paris, March 19,
ZIANI, PIETRO ANDREA, born in 1G30,' 1785, died there, Oct. 29, 1853. Pianist,
died in Vienna, January, 1711. Dramatic pupil at the Paris Conservatoire, on the pi-
composer, successor of Cavalli as organist anofortc of Boieldieu, and in harmony of
of the second organ at San Marco, Venice, Rey, I
Catel, and Cherubini. In 1800 he re-

and in 1677 entered the service of Eleanor, j
ceived the first prize for the pianoforte, and
wife of Leopold I. of Austria, and remained
1802 the first prize for harmony. In
j
in
in Vienna until his death. Cafti says in his 1816 he became professor of the pianoforte
" Storia della rausica," that Ziani was disap- in the Conservatoire, and in 1821 was of-
pointed in not obtaining the post of maes- fered the professorship of counterpoint and
tro di cappella at San Marco, left vacant by fugue, but he declined. In 1848 he retired
the death of Cavalli, and removed to Naples, with the oflfice of honorary inspector of pi-
—
where he died. Works Operas La guer- anoforte classes. He was made chevalier
:
riera Spartana, Venice, 1G51 Eupatra, ib., of the Li'gion d'Honneur.

; His daughter,
1G55 La fortuna di Rodope e di Dalmira, married to Gounod, inherited his fine mu-
;
ib., 1657 Antigona delusa da Alceste, ib., sical collection and library. "Works L'en-
; :
1660 Annibale in Capua, ib., 1661 Gli levement, opura-comiquo in three acts,
; ;
scherzi di fortuna, ib., 1661 Le fatiche text by Saint-Victor, Scribe, and d'l*'pagny.
;
d' Ercole, ib., 1662 L' amore guerriero, ib., Opera Comique, Paris, Oct. 26, 1830 Nau-
; ;
1663 L' invidia couculcata, Vienna, 166'4 sicaa, do., written for the Acadcmie, but not
; ;
Alcibiade, ib., 1667 Semiramide, Venice, represented Concerto for pianoforte with
; ;
1670 Eraclio, ib., 1671 Attila, ib., 1672

; ; orchestra, dedicated to Cherubini
;
Sonata ;
La congiura del vizio contra la virtii L' elice for ; the pianoforte, op. 5 ; Fantaisie for do.
per musica. La schiava fortunata (with on the air "Salut," op. 3 ; Rondeau tyro-
Cesti), Venice, 1671: ; on a waltz in Auber's Emma, for do.;
Leonida in Tegea lien,
(with Draghi), Venice, 1676 Le lagrimc Variations and finale on an air from Emma,
;
della Vergine, oratorio, Venice, 1662 Sa- fordo.; Badinage on the air "Au clair de
;
cra3 laudea for 5 voices and 2 instruments, la lune," op. 8 Rondeau brillaut for do. ;
op. 6 (Venice, 1659) and Sonatas for 2, 3, in A.; Variations on the romance " S'il est
;
4, 5, and 6 instruments, op. 7 (Freiberg, vrai quo d'etre deux," op. 2 do. on the ;
1691). theme, " Guardami uu poco," op. 6 Ro- ;
ZIGEUNERBARON, DER (The Gypsy mance by Blangini, " II est trop tard," with
Baron), operetta in three acts, text by J 10 variations and prelude, op. 7 Le bouquet ;
Schnitzer after a romance by Jokai, music doromarin, variations, op. 12 LaGasconne, ;
by Johann Strauss, first represented in Vi- bluette, with variations Rondeau from au ,
;
enna, Oct. 24, 1885. An English version, air in Auber's Serment, op. 27 24 etudes ;
The Gypsy Baron, was given at the Casino, for do., in two books, op. 21 Les delices ;
New York, Feb. 15, 1886. do Paris, contredansea with variations; 6 j
ZIGEUNERWEISEN (Gipsy Melodies), 'collections of romances, with pianoforte ac-

concert piece for the violin with orchestral companiment. His Encyclopedic du Pia- [
accompaniment, by Pablo do Sarasate, op. niste, hismost importjuit work, isa eompleto
20, dedicated to Frederic Szarvady. It was nietliod of pianoforte instruction, witli ft
performed by the composer at the Gewand- , treatise on harmony und counterpoint.
618
;
ZIMMERMANN
— Labat, Zimmerman et I'ecole franyaise tie pupil on the violin at the Musical College
piauo (Montaubiin, 1865). of Sta. Maria di Loreto, and of Fedele
ZIMMEKMANN, AGNES, born in Co- Fenaroli and Speranza iu counterpoint and
logne, July 5, 1847, still living, 1890, in composition. He produced his first opera,
London. Pianist, pupil of Cipriani Potter, I quattro pazzi, before leaving the Conser-
Steggall, Pauer, and Sir George A. Macfar- vatorio, where it was given by the pupils.
ren at the Koyal Academy of Music, Lon- Under the patronage of the Duchess of Cas-
don. She gained the King's scholarship in telPagano, he gave the cantata Pimmaliono
1860 and 1862, and made her first appear- at the Teatro San Carlo in 1779. He soon
ance as a pianist at the Crystal Palace, Dec. went to Milan, recommended to the Arch-
5, 1863. In 1864 she played at the Ge- duchess Beatrix of Austria, and wrote there
waudhaus, Leipsic, and again in the seasons many operas, for which Carpani wrote most
of 1879-80 and 1882-83, when she travelled of the libretti. In 1789 he went to Paris,
through the continent. She has devoted where he wrote Antigone, which Avas coldly
herself to the classic school, which her com- received. In 1792 he became the success-
positions follow. "Works Barcarolle for ful competitor for maestro di cappella at the
:
pianoforte, Bolero for do., op. 9

op. 8 ;
Cathedral of Milan, where he remained un- ;
Mazurka for do., op. 11 March for do., til 1794, when he was appointed to a similar
;
op. 13 Gavotte for do., op. 14 Presto post at Loreto, where ho served until 1804.
; ;
alia tarantella for do., op. 15 3 sonatas In that year he succeeded Guglielmi as
;
for pianoforte and violin, op. 16, 21, and maestro di capiêlla of the Sixtine Chapel,
23 ; Trio for pianoforte, violin, and violon- Rome. When Napoleon pronounced his
cello, Sonata for pianoforte, op. sou King of Rome ho ordered a Te Deum
op. 19 ;
22 Canons, sarabaudes, gigues, caprices, to be sung at St. Peter's, for which Zinga-
;
transcrii^tions, and arrangements for do.; relli refused his services. He was therefore
Songs Part-songs.
; arrested and taken to Paris, but Napoleon,
ZIMMEKMANN, ANTON, born at Pre.s- who had heard his music in Italy, set him
burg in 1741, died there, Oct. 8, 1781. freeand gave him a pension. He also or-
For many years he was Kapellmeister to dered Zingarelli to compose a mass which
Prince Bathyaui, Presburg, and organist of could be performed in twenty minutes,
the cathedral. "Works Three sonatas for : and he was so delighted with the compo-
the pianoforte and violin, op. 1 (Vienna) ;
sition that he gave him 6,000 francs. In
6 sonatas for do., op. 2 (Lyons) ; Concerto July, 1810, he left Paris, and having been
for the pianoforte, op. 3 (Vienna, 1783) ; 6 supplanted by Fioravanti in Rome, went to
violin duets (Lyons) ; 6 string-quartets Naples, where he was appointed director of
Andromeda und Perseus, Singspiel (Vienna, the Royal College of Music of San Sebas-
1781) Die Belagerung von Valenciennes,
; tiano, and in 1816 succeeded Paisiello as
for pianoforte and violin (Vienna). Works maestro di cappella of the Catliedral of
inMS.: Narcisse und Pierre, operetta 14 ; Naples. He held both places until his death.
symphonies 12 string-quartets 12 quin-
; ; Zingarelli was the last master of the Nea-
tets for flute with strings ; 6 duets for vio- politan school, and numbered among his
lin and viola ; G sonatas for violin ; Concer- scholars Bellini, Mercadante, the two Riccis,
tos for various instruments. Manf roce, and Conti. He was a member of
ZINGARELLI, NICOLA ANTONIO, born the Academies des Beaux-Arts of Paris and
in Naples, April 4, 1752, died Torre del of Berlin, and of many societies of Italy.
.at
Greco, near Naples, Drama- Works. I. Operas I quatti-o pazzi. Conser-

INIay 5, 1837. :
tic composer, son of Riccardo Tota Zinga- vatory, Naples, 1771 Montezuma, Na])les, ;
relli (tenor singer and teacher, died 1759) Aug. 13, 1781 Alsinda, Milan, 17S5 Rici- ;
; ;
614
;
Zl^'GAlii
mero, Venice, 1785 ; Armida, Rome, 178G

Church music ]\liserere for 4 voices, Na- ; :
Ifigenia in Aulide, textby Moretti, Milau, ples Conservatorio 38 Masses for men's ;
1787 Auuibale, Turin, 1787

; Antigone, voices with orchestra 66 do. for mixed ; ;
text by Marmontel, Paris, 1790 La morto voices with organ 25 Masses for 2 an 1 ; ;
di Cesare, Milan, 1791 ; L' oracolo Sannito, 3 voices with instruments about 20 4-i)art ;
Turin, 1792 ; Pirro, re d' Epiro, three acts, Masses with orchestra 7 Masses for 2 cho- ;
text by Gamerra, Milau, 1792 II mercato di ; ruses 3 requiems

; 16 3 and 4-part Credo ;
Manfregoso, two acts, ib., 1792 Le secchia ; with orchestra 5 do. with organ 84 Dixit
; ;
rapita, ib., 1793 ; Apelle c Campaspe, Ven- for 3, 4, and 8 voices with organ 36 Bea- ;
ice, 1794 ; Artaserse, Turin, 179-4 ; II coute tus vir wîth orchestra, or organ 49 Con- ;
di Saldagna, Venice, 1795 Gli Orazi ed i

; fitebor, 73 Magnificat for 2 and 3 voices
Curiazi, two acts, Turin, 1794 Giulietta e ; with orchestra, or organ 21 Passion hours ;
Komeo, tbi*ee acts, text by Foppa, Milau, for 1, 2, 3, and 4 voices with instruments
Jan. 30, 1796; Le Danaidi, ib., 1796; 29 Te Deum 28 Stabat Mater Psalms
; ; ;
Meleagro, ib., 1796 La morte di Mitbri- ; Vespers Hymns Litanies ^lotets Re-
; ; ; ;
date, Venice, 1797 Carolina e MenzikolT, ; sponses Antiphons Graduals and Offer-
; ; ;
Venice, 1798 Edipo a Colono, text by So-

; tories. His ]\ISS., about 541 in number,
grafi, ib., 1799 H ritratto, text by Roma-
;
nelli, Milan, 1799 II ratto delle Sabine, ;
two acts, text by Rossi, Venice, 1800 Cli- ;
tennestra, text by Salfi, Milan, 1801 II ;

are in the "Annuale di Loreto," and a list
bevitore fortuuato, Milau, 1803 Inez de ;

of tliis collection is in the Royal College of
Castro, ib., 1803 Baldovino, Rome, 1810 ; ;
Music, London. — Rafale Libcratore, Necro-
Berenice, Rome, 1811. II. Oratorios and logia di Nicolo Zingarelli (Naples, 1837) ;
cantatas Pimmalione, Naples, 1779

: Al- ; Villarosa, Elogio di Nicolo Zingarelli (ib.,
ceste, Milan, 1786 Hero, ib., 1786 Sap- 1837) Raimondo Guarini, Cenni storici di
; ; ;
pho, ib., 1786; The ib., 1787; Nicolo Zingarelli (ib., 1837) Anonymous,
Passion, ;
Nice d' Elpino, ib., 1787 L' amor filiale, Notizie biogratiche di Nicolo Zingarelli (ib.,
;
ib., 1787 ; Alcide al bivio, ib., 1787 Tele- 1837) Antonio Minghetti, Discorso per le ; ;
raacco, text by Moretti, ib., 1787 Oreste, solenni esequie del cavaliere Nicolo Zinga- ;
ib., 1788 II trionfo di Davidde, Naples,

;
relli (Padua, 1841) Francesco Florinio,
;
1788 Francesca da Rimini, Rome, 1804

; ;
Cenni storici sulla scuola musicale di Na-
H conte Ugolino, ib., 1804 Tancredi al ;
poli ; Adrien de la Farge, Zingarelli (Revue
sepolcro di Clorinda, Naples, 1805 La dis- ;
universelle, Sept. 20, 1837) ; Fetis ; do.,
truzzione di Gerusalemme, Rome, 1805 La ;

Supplement Riomann Grove.
; Mendel ; ;
riedificazione di Gerusalemme, Florence, ZINGARI IN FIERA, I (The Gypsies at
1812 Isaiah, Birmingham, England, 1829

; ;
the Fair), Italian comic opera in two acts,
Saul, Rome, 1833 Hymn of Inauguration, text by Palomba, music by Giovanni Pai-
;
Philharmonic Society, Naples La fuga in siello, first represented in Naples in 17S9 ;

;
Egitto, ib., 1837 La danza Ero, mono- given in Paris, May 3, 1802.
; ;
logue Alceste, four voices with chorus

;
ZINKEISEN, KONKAD ;
LIDUUJ
L' amicizia, three voices with chorus Can- DIETRICH, born at Hanover, June 3, 1779, ;
tata for Saiiit-Ga^'tan, three voices Sullo died in Brunswick, Nov. 2S, 1S3S. Com- ;
i-ovine ombili, four voices Galatea, for poser, pupil of his father and of Rode in
;
two soprani with pianoforte II sacrificio Wolfenbilttol. He was oboist in an in- ;
d' Abramo, soprano with do. 2 Christmas fantry regiment in Liineburg. and went to ;
cantatas for tenors with do. Berenice che Gottingen in 1S03, whore lie became Con-;
far? soprano and string-quartet. III. zertmeister at the academy and lauglit mu-
;;
ZION
sic. In 1819 he was made Kammermu-
by Rita Mary Stuart at Fother-
act, text ;
siker in the court orchestra in Brunswick. monodrama, chorus b}' Fred-

ingay, lyrical
Works Four overtures for orchestra G eric Maro The Rhine King's Daughter,
: ; ;
concertos for the violin Duo concertante scene for soprano, with orchestra, text by
;
for vioHn and viola Variations for violin Frederic Maro Ecclesiastical overture, in
; ;
and string-trio 2 Duets for violin and viola A minor Military overture, B-flat major
; ;
;
;
3 string-quartets Variations for flute and Queen Marie Stuart's Hunt, overture in E-
;
string-quartet Concerto for oboe

; do. for flat major
; Dramatic overture, D minor ;
;
clarinet Pieces for clarinet and orchestra

; Original theme and variations for orchestra
;
do. for oboe and string-quartet Variations 3 voluntaries for orchestra and organ
; Al- ;
for 2 horns with orchestra ; Military music ;

wina, characteristic piece for orchestra
Choruses. Stray Leaves from the Album of an Old
ZION, sacred cantata for baritone solo Musical Conductor, for orchestra Concerto ;
and chorus, with orchestra, b}' Niels W. dramatique, for violin and orchestra Quin- ;
Gade, op. 49, first performed at the Bir- tet for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, and pi-
mingham (England) Festival, Aug. 29, 187G. anoforte Quartet for 2 violins, viola, and ;
The text from the Bible describes the chil- violoncello Romance for violoncello, with ;
dren of Israel in Egypt, their captivity, pas- orchestra Serenade for violoncello, with ;
sage through the sea, return to Zion, and strings Grand solo for flute, on Schubert's
;
the proiDhecy of the New Jerusalem. Pub- Serenade, with orchestra 2 Concertinos ;
lished by Novello, Ewer & Co. (London, for viole d'amour, with orchestra Intro- ;
187G) ;by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, duction and rondo for do. Adagio religioso ;
1880).— AthenfBum (187G), ii.; Mus. Wo- for do. Hymn to St. Cecilia, for do. ; ;
chenblatt (1880), 143. Masses, Anthems, and other church music ;
ZITTI, ZITTI. See Barbiere di Siviglia Pianoforte music;

Songs Transcriptions ; ;
RigoJetlo. and arrangements for nearly every kind of

ZOELLER, CAELI, born in Berlin, March musical instrument in use. He was editor
28, 1849, died in Lon- also of the United Service Military Band
don, August, 188 9. Journal, and author of several didactic
Dramatic composer, pu- works, including the " Viole d'Amour, its
pil at the Royal Acad- Origin, History, etc.," an instrument which
emy, Berlin, of Hubert he labored hard to revive.
Eies on the violin, of ZOILO, ANNIBALE, Italian composer
W. Garich in liarmony of the IGth century. In 15G1-70 he was
and instrumentation, maestro di cappella at San Giovanni in La-
and of Eduard Grell terano, Rome, and on July 5, 1570, was ap-
in counterpoint.
After pointed to the choir of the Pontifical Chapel,
with opera His manuscripts, in the archives of the Pon-
travelling
companies through Germany, he settled in tifical Chapel, include masses and sixteen
1873 in London, and in 1879 was appointed responses for the Tenebrjc, to be sung dur-
bandmaster of the 7th (Queen's Own) Hus- ing Holy Week. Published works : Do-
sars. Elected member of the Royal Acad- dici afTetti, madrigali a 5 voci (Venice,
emy, Sta. Cecilia, class of Maestro de' com- 1585) ; Melodia olympica di diversi eccel-
positori, Rome, 1884 honorary member of
; lentissimi musici, 4, 5, 6, e 8 voci (Antwerp,
the Royal Institute of Music, Florence, 1594) ; De' floridi virtuosi d' Italia il terzo
1885, and fellow of the Society of Sciences, libro di madrigali a 5 voci (Venice, 1596)
Arts, and Letters, London, 1886. Works : Paradiso musicale di madrigali et canzoni a
The ilissing Heir, comic operetta in one 5 voci (ib., 159G) ; Selectte cantiones excel-
616
,
ZOLLNER
lentissiraonim auctorum octonis vocibus beck, near Hamburg, July 2, 1836. Or-
conciuendao a Fabio Costantino, etc., which ganist, travelled through Germany as a
includes a Salve Regiua for 12 voices virtuoso on the organ until 1833, when he
(Rome, 1596). settled in Hamburg. Works Kunz von :
ZOLLNEK, HEINRICH, born in Leip- Kaufungen, opera, Vienna, about 1825 Ein ;
sic, July 4, 1854, still living, 1890. Com- Uhr, melodrama Classes Sonatas for the ; ;
poser, sou of Karl Friedrich Zullner pu- pianoforte Organ pieces Psalms Songs
; ; ; ; ;
pil of Reiuecke, Jadassohn, Richter, and Part-songs School for the pianoforte ; ;
AVenzel, at the Leipsic Conservatorium. In School for the violin.

1878 he was appointed music director in ZORAHAYDE, a legend for orchestra,
the University of Dorpat, and in 1885 be- by Johan Severin Svensdeu, op. 11. The
came conductor of the Miinnergesangverein subject is the Legend of the Rose, from
in Cologne, and professor in the Conserva- Washington Irviug's Alhambra. Published
torium. Works Choruses
: for men's voices, by Warmuth (Christiania).
op. 1, 4, 5, and 6 ; Songs, op. 2, 7, and 8 ;
ZORAIDE. See Ahenccrayes,
Hunnenschlacht, chorus, Leipsic, 1880 ;
ZORAiME ET Z ULNAR, drame-
Symphony for orchestra, op. 20 ; Sommer- lyrique in three acts, text by Saint-Just,
fahrt episode for do., op. 15 Frithjof, op- music by Boieldicu, first represented at
;
era, textby the composer, Cologne, 1884 the Opera Comique, Paris, May 16, 1798. ;
and Faust, music drama in four acts and The libretto is founded on Florian's ro-
prelude, Munich, Oct. 19, 1887, mance "Gonsalve de Cordoue."
ZOLLNER, KARL FRIEDRICH, born ZOROASTRE, tragedie-lyrique in five
at Mittelhausen., Thu- by Cahusac, music by Rameau,acts, text

ringia, March 17, 1800, first represented at the Academic Royale
died in Leipsic, Sejjt. de Musique, Paris, Nov. 5, 1749. It is one

25, 18G0. Vocal com- of Rameau's best works. The music is
poser, son of Karl fi'om the composer's opera, Samson, for
Heinrich Zullner pu- ;
which Voltaire wrote the text, and which
pil of Johann Gott- was declined by the Academic Royale do
fried Schicht in Leip- Musique. The chorus of Zoroastre's magi
sic. He received his is one of Rameau's best inspirations, Cle- —
education at the Gym- ment et Larousse, 718 Lajarte, i. 213. ;
nasium, Eisenach, and at the Thomas- ZU DIR W.ALL' ICH, MEIN JESUS
schule, Leipsic. In 1820 he became teach- CHRIST. See 7annhaust'r.
er of singing in the Rathsfreischule, and in ZUFRIEDENGESTELLE .E L U S
1822 aided in directing a musical institute. DER (jEoIus Pacified), dramatic cantata,
In 1830 he began to compose part-songs, text by Picander, nnisic by Johann Sebas-
and in 1833 founded the Zullner- Vcrein, a tian Bach, composed in honor of the name-
male chorus society out of which grew simi- day of Dr. August F. Miiller, Doctor of
lar societies. Twenty of these united in Philosophy in the University of Leii)sic.
1859, and gave a festival under his direction The original score in the Kr.niglieho Bib-
in Leipsic. After his death these choruses liothek, Berlin, which is dedicated to him,
called themselves the ZuUner-Bund. In is dated Aug. 3, 1725. Published by the
1868 a monument was erected to his mem- Bachgesellschaft (Year XI.). Bach used
ory in Leipsic. Works Songs Part- this cantata again, with an altered text,
: ;
songs Chox'uses Motets, etc.

; ;
when Friedrich August H. was crowned
ZOLLNER, KARL HEINRICH, born at King of Poland in Cracow, Jan. 17, 17;?4.
Oels, Silesia, May 5, 1792, died at Wands- Spitta, Bach, ii. 455 —
do. (Bell), ii. (i24. ;
;;
ZUMrE
ZmiPE, HERMANN, born at Tauben- for one voice with pianoforte, including
heim, Upper Lusatia, April 9, 1850, still liv- Biirger's Lenore Schiller's Maria Stuart ;
ing, 1890. Dramatic composer, pupil of Goethe's Colma Bitter Toggenburg Die ; ;
the Lebrerseminar in Bautzen. In 1870-71 Biissende Des Pfarrers Tochter von Tau-
;
be taugbt in Weigsdorf, wbence be went to benbayn Choruses to Schiller's Die Eiiu-

;
Leipsic, taugbt in tbe tbirJ Biirgerscbule, ber Concerto for tbe violoncello (Gombart,
;
l)layed tbe triangle in tbe Stadt-tbeater, Augsburg) Duos for do. (Breitkopf &Hartel,
;
and studied under Carl Albert Tottmann. Leipsic) Sonatas for do.
; Grove Mendel — ;
In 1873-76 be was in Bayreutb, and aided Fetis Riemann Ambros, Bunte Blatter, ii.
; ;
AVagner in tbe preparation of tbe Nibelun- ZUR HERBSTZEIT (In the Autumn),
gen scores, and was afterwards Kapellmeis- symphony in F minor by Joachim Raff, op.
ter in tbe tbeatres in Salzburg, Wiirzburg, 212, first performed at tbe Philharmonic, Ber-
Magdeburg, Frankfort - on - tbe - Main, and lin, in 1882. It was given in Leipsic in 1884.
Hamburg. He is now employed in prepar- ZVONAfl, JOSEPH LEOPOLD, born at
ing singers for tbo stage, and in composing. Kublov, near Prague, Jan. 22, 1824:, died in
AVorks : Overture to AVallensteins Tod An- ; Prague, Nov. 23, 1865. Contrapuntist, pu-
abua, opera, Berlin, 1880 Die verwiinscbene
; pil at tbe Organistenscbule, Prague, and
Prinzessin, romantic opera-comique (MS.) ;
afterwards teacher in and director of tbe
Farinelli, operetta, Hamburg, 188G ; Songs. same. In 1859 be became director of the
ZUMSTEEG, JOH.VNN EUDOLF, born Sopbien-Akademie, then chorus-master of
at Sacbsenflur, in tbe Trinitiitskirche and music teacher in the
Odenwald, Jan. 10, high Tuchterscbule. He was the first to
17G0, died in Stutt- teach harmony and counterpoint in tbe Bohe-
gart, Jan. 27, 1802. mian language. AA'ôrks Zaboj, opera, not :
Dramatic composer represented Songs Choruses Part-songs.

; ; ;
and violoncellist, pu- ZAVEIKAMPF MIT DER GELIEBTEN,

pil of Poll, Mazzanti, DER (The Duel of the Lovers), German
Boraui, and in tbeory operetta in one act, text by Schink, music
and of by Spohr, first
composition represented in Hamburg,
Mattbison and Marpurg. His fatber was Nov. 15, 1811 revived in Cassel, Feb. 7, ;
valet to Duke Carl of Wurtemberg, and be 184:1. Score published by Bobu (Hamburg,
was admitted to tbe Carlscbule at "Tbe 1811).— Spohr, Autobiography, i. 152 All- ;
Solitude," near Stuttgart, wbere be met gem, mus. Zeitg., xlii. 198.
Scbiller, with wbom be formed a close ZAA^LLINGSBRUDER, DIE (Tbe Twin
friendship. Ho was intended for a sculp- Brothers), operetta in one act, text by Hof-
tor, but be devoted himself to music, and mann from tbe French, music by Schubert,
in 1792 succeeded Poli as KaiDcllmeister in first represented at the Karnthuertbor-Tbe-

Stuttgart. He was tbe pioneer of tbe Ger- ater, Vienna, Juno 14, 1820. Tbe story is
man ballad. AVorks Das tartarische Ge- of tbe mistaken identity of two brothers,
:
setz, opera, Stuttgart, about 1790 Rinald Franz and Friedrich Spiess. It was com-
;
und Armida, do., ib., 1790 Tamira, do., posed in 1818-19, and consists of an over-
;
ib., 1791 El Bondokoni oder der Kalipb ture and ten numbers. It was given only
;
von Bagdad, do., ib., 1792 Zaalor, do., six times.

; The autograph, in possession of
ib., about 1794: Die Geisterinsel (Shake- tbe Gesellscbaft der Musikfreunde of Vi-
;
speare's Tempest), do., ib., 1798 derScbuss enna, was published by Peters (Leipsic,
;
von Gansewitz, do., ib.; Das Pfauenfest, do. 1872). Kreissle von Hellborn (Coleridge), —
in two acts, text by AAêrtbes, ib., 1801 18 Schubert, 168-175 Frost, do., 36 Allgem.
; ; ;
dramatic cantatas 20 cantatas or ballads mus. Zeitg., xxii. 560.

;
618
;
SUPPLEMENT.
Containing names omitted, corrections, and additions to iSqo. Articles preceded by
an Asterisk (*) are supplementary to articles in the text.
*AERTS, FfiUX, died in NiveUes, Bel- 94 ; 4 songs, op. 9G G

7 songs, op. Oo ; ;
gium, January, 1889. Sonata for violoncello and

songs, op. 97 ;
*ALARD, DELPHIN, died in Paris, Feb. pianoforte in F, op. 99 ; Sonata for violin
22, 1888. and pianoforte in A, op. 100 Trio for pi-
;
*ALBERT, EUGEN D'. Add to works : anoforte and strings in C minor, op. 101 ;
Ten songs for one voice with pianoforte, op. Concerto for violin and violoncello in C
3 ;Symphony for orchestra in F, op. 4 with orchestra, op. 102, jjlayed by Joachim
;
8 Clavierstiicke, op. 5 Waltz for the pi- and Hausmann in Cologne, in 1887
; 8 ;
anoforte for 4 hands, op. G ;

Quartet for Zigeuuerliedor, for voice and pianoforte,
strings in A minor, op. 7 ; Ouverture for or- op. 103 Sonata for violin and pianoforte
;
chestra to Grillparzer's Esther, op. 8 ; 5 in D

minor, op. 108 Romances from Tieck's
;
songs, op. 9. " Magelone," for one voice with pianoforte,

*ARBAN, JOSEPH JEAN BAPTISTE op. 33.
LAURENT, died in Paris, April 8, 1889. *BRUCH, MAX. Add to works : Das
*ASCANIO IN ALBA. Vol. L, page 80, Feuerkreutz, dramatic cantata for chorus,
line 4, for 1711 read 1771. soli, and orchestra, op. 52, text by Hcinrich
"Lady of the Lake."'
Bulthauj)t from Scott's
*BARBIER, FR:&DfiRIC J^TIENNE, *BRULL, IGN-\Z. Add to works 7 :
died in Paris in 1889. songs for one voice with pianoforte, op. 5G ;
*BARNETT, JOHN, died at Cheltenham, 5 Clavierstiicke, op. 57 ; Suite for piano-

April 17, 1890. forte, op. 58.
*BAZZINI, ANTONIO. Ho was ap-
pointed director of the INIilan Conservatorio CAPOCCI, FILIPPO, Italian composer,
in 1880. Add
works Francesca da Ri- contemporary. Organist of S. Giovanni in
to :
mini, symphonic poem, op. 77. Laterano, Rome. AVorks Sonata No. 1, in :
*BOTTESINI, GIOVANNI, died in D minor Sonata No. 2, in A minor So- ; ;
Parma, July 6, 1889. nata No. 3, in G minor Offertorio, in B- ;
*BRAHMS, JOHANNES. Add to works flat Scherzo, in D Capriccio, in B-Hat : ; ;
Pianoforte concerto in B-flat, op. 83 Ro- Gran coro trionfalo, in E-flat do., in F
;
;
;
mances and songs for one or two voices, op. Andante con moto, in D Solo di oboe ; ;
84 6 songs for one voice, op. 85 do., op. Preghiera, in A-flat Prelude aii<l fugue, in
; ;
;
86 2 songs for alto with violin obligato, D minor ^Menuetto, in B-tlat do., in B
; ; ; ;
op. 91 ; 4 vocal quartets with pianoforte, Melodia, in B-Hat ; Larghotto, in G minor,

op. 92 ; Songs and romances for 4-part etc.
chorus, op. 93 ; do., a cappella, op. 93a ; Ta- *CL.\Y, FREDERICK, died in Loudon,
fellied, op. 93b ; 5 songs for low voice, op. Nov. 2G, 1889.
619
; ;
COLBOllNE
*COLBOKNE, LANG DON, Gaben des Terek, symphonic picture for or-
died iu
Hereford, England, Sept. 26, 1889. poem by Lermontoft', op. 21
chestra after a
*CONVEESE, CHARLES CROZAT. 3 Romances for voice with pianoforte, op.
Add to -works American concert overture,
: 26 ; 6 do., op. 28 ; Sextet for 2 violins, 2
in D, for orchestra, on Hail Columbia, given violas, and 2 violoncelli, op. 35 ; 2 Salon-
at the Peace Jubilee, Boston, 18G9, under stucke for pianoforte and violin, op. 37 ;
direction of P. S. Gilmore Cantata, for soli, ; Quartet for strings, ojd. 38 ;

Quintet for
chorus, and orchestra, on Psalm exxvi., in pianoforte and strings, op. 40 2 Russian ;
three parts, two numbers of which were romances for violoncello and pianoforte.
given at the Music Teachers' National As- *DONT, JAIvOB, died in Vienna, Nov.
sociation, Chicago, 1888, under direction of 18, 1888.
Theodore Thomas. A selection from Mr. *DRAESEKE, FELIX. Add to works :
Converse's unpublished oratorio, The Cap- Requiem in B minor, soli, chorus, and or-
tivity, is in Sterling Anthems. chestra, op. 22 ;
Quintet for strings and
*CORDER, FREDERICK. Add to pianoforte, op. 40 Serenata in D (1.
;
works A Storm in a Tea-cup, operetta,

: March ; 2. Serenade ; 3. Love scene 4. ;
1880 River Songs, trios for female voices,

; Polonaise ; 5. Finale), 1889, given in Amer-
1881 Nocturne for orchestra, 1882 Dream-
; ; ica first by New York Symphony Society,
land, ode for chorus and orchestra, 1883 Nov. 23, 1889 Symphony for orchestra in
;
Roumanian Dances for violin and pianoforte, F, op. 25, 1889 Siufouia tragica for or- ;
1883 The Nabob's Pickle, operetta, 1883

; ;
chestra, 1889.
The Noble Savage, do., 1885 Prosper©, ; *DVORAK, ANTONIN. Add to works :
overture for orchestra, 1885 Orchestral ; Die Jakobiner, opera iu three acts, text b}'
scenes for The Tempest, 188G The Bridal ; Mine Marie Cerviuka-Rieger, Bohemian
of Triermain, cantata, "Wolverhampton Fes- National Theatre, Prague, Feb. 12, 1889.
tival, 188G Nordisa, opera in three acts,
;
Liverpool, Jan. 26, 1887, DruryLane, Lon- For op. 75*EMPEROR CONCERTO.
don, May 4, 1887 Roumanian suite for
; and add I. Allegroin line 4, read op. 73 :
;
orchestra, 1887 The Minstrel's Curse, bal-

; II. Adagio HI. Rondo. Composed in ;
lad for declamation, with orchestra. Crystal 1809, dedicated to the Archduke Rudolph,
Palace, March 10, 1888 O Sun, that wak- and first published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel
;
euest all (Tennyson), song, 1888 and The (Leipsic, 1811). Breitkopf & Hai'tel, Beet-
;
Sword of Argautyr, dramatic cantata in four hoven "Werke, Serie ix., No. 5. Thayer, —
scenes, given at the Leeds (England) Fes- Verzeichniss, No. 144 Lenz, Beethoven, ii. ;
tival, Oct. 9, 1889. lârt i. 159.

*COWEN, FREDERIC HYÎEN. Add
to works : Saint John's Eve, cantata for FINTA FRASCATANA, LA, Italian opera
chorus, and orchestra, Crystal Palace,
soli, by Leo, left unfinished, completed by Ca-
London, Dec. 14, 1889 Thorgrim, opera in ; pranica, and first represented at the Teatro
four acts, text by Joseph Bennett, from Nuovo, Naples, 1744.
Magnfisson and IMorris's " Viglund the *FRANZ, ROBERT. Add to works:
Fair," Drury Lane, ib., April 22, 1890. Three songs for mixed chorus, text by
*CZAR UND ZIMMERMANN. Li line Eduard Murike, op. 53.
4, for Berlin in 1854, read Leipsic, Dec. 22, *FREISCHUTZ, DER. Vol. I., page 28,
1837. line 1, for "\Vie nahte, etc., read Nie nahte.
*DAVIDOFF, KARL, died in St. Peters- *GODARD, BENJAMIN. Add to

burg, Feb. 24, 1889. Add to works Die works Incidental music to Much Ado
: :
620
GOLDMARK
about Nothing, Odi'on, Paris, Dec. 8, 1887 ; Couservatoriuin, of Liszt at Weimar on the
|
Dante, opera in four acts, Paris, 1890. pianoforte, and of Bruckner in composition.
j
*GOLDMAKK, KARL. Add to works : He first appeared as a pianist at Steinway

Im Friihling, overture for orchestra, op. 30 Hall,New York, in 1880, played in concerts
8 songs for one voice with pianoforte, op. with Joachim and Teresiua Tua in Germany
37 ; Prometheus Bound, overture for or- in 1883 and in 1884 assisted Sarasate in ;
chestra. Philharmonic Concert, Berlin, Nov. Wiu-saw and other cities. In 18S3 he be-
25, 1889. came professor of the pianoforte in the
*GRIEG, ED YARD. Add to works : Olaf Neue Akademie der Tonkunst, Berlin, and
Trygvason, three scenes from an unfinished since 1887 has been director of the New
drama by BjOrnson, given at Christiania, York College of Music. His compositions,
1889 6 songs, op. 48 Alexander, opera, published in Berlin and New York, are
; ;
text by Glucksmann. chiefly for the pianoforte.

*GUITAERRO, LE, French opera-com- *LASSEN, EDUARD. Add to works :
ique in three acts, text by Scribe, music by Music to Goethe's Pandora, op. 86, Weimar,
Halevy, first represented at the Opera Co- 1886 Concerto for violin with orchestra, ;
—
mique, Paris, Jan. 21, 18'41. Clement et op. 87, 1889.
Larousse, 334.
*GUNG'L, JOSEPH, died in Weimar, niAAS, LOUIS, died in Boston, [Mass.,
Jan. 31, 1889. Sept. 18, 1889.
*:MACCUNN, HA:\IISH. Add to works :
*HASSE, JOHANN ADOLPH. Vol. 11., The Cameronian's Dream, c;mtata, 1889 ;
page 235, line 1774 read 1771

16, for ;
page Bonnie Kilmeny, do., 1889.
236, line 8, for 1770 read 1771. *MACDOWELL, EDWARD ALEX-
*HENSCHEL, GEORG. Add to works : ANDER. Add to works : songs from
Three choruses for men's voices, L Treu
Heine, op. 31 Marionetteu, 6 short pieces ; ;
n. Gute Nacht IH. Natur die TrOsteriu, for the pianoforte, op. 38.
;
op. 42. *MAID OF ARTOIS, THE. Vol.II., page
*HENSELT, ADOLF VON, died in 505, line 16, for Keiincy, read Kennedy.
Warmbrunn, Silesia, Oct. 10, 1889. *MAID OF HONOUR, THE. Vol! II..
*HENTSCHEL, FRANZ, died in Berlin, page 505, line 22, for Kenney, read Ken-
May 11, 1889. nedy.
*MASSENET, JULES. Add to works :
*KRUG, ARNOLD. Add

works Si- Esclarmonde, opera in four acts, text by
to :
gurd, cantata for soli, chorus, and orches- Alfred Blau and Louis de Gramont, fu*st
tra, op. 25, text by Tlieodor Souchay from represented at the Opera Comitpio, Paris,
Geibel's " Kunig Sigurd's Brautfahrt." May 16, 1889.

*MERMET, AUGUSTE, died in Paris in
*LACHNER, FRANZ, died in Munich, 1889.
Jan. 20, 1890. Add to works Stabat INIa-
: *MKTrvA, OLIVIER, died in Paris, Oct.
ter, op. 154 ; Mass for 5-part chorus, soli, 22, 1889.
and orchestra, op. 155. MILL.VRI), HARHISON, born in lios
*LALO, £DOUxVRD, born (instead of ton, i\Iassachusetts, Nov. 27, 1H'.\0, still liv-
1831) at Lille, Jan. 27, 1823. ing, 1890, in N(!W Y'ork. Song writer and
LAMBERT, ALEXANDER, born in War- church choir, singer ; sang when a boy in a
saw, Poland, Nov. 1, 1862, and when ten years old as alto in the chorus
still living, 1890.
Pianist pupil of liis failior, Henry Lambert of the Handel and Havdn Society, lioston.
;
(violinist), of Julius Epstein at the Vienna In 1851 ho went to Europe, studied three ]
881
;
:
MIRY
years in Italy, appeared in concerts as a a two-act opera entitled Lina. He then went
tenor, and made a tour in Great Britain to Scotland to gather material for a new
with Catherine Hayes. He returned to opera, Guglielmo Ratcliffe, text by Zanar-
Boston in 1854 and removed in 1856 to New dini, on a theme drawn from Scottish his-
York, where he settled as a singing teacher, tory. On Oct. 31, 1889, this opera, which
singer, and composer. He served in the was awarded the prize of 5,000 lire in the
civil war as an officer in a New York regi- Baruzzi competition at Bologna, was pro-
ment, was wounded at Chickamauga and duced at the Teatro Comunale, in that
sent home, and afterwards had a position in city, with great success. Two string quar-
the custom liouso, New Yôrk. Works tets, composed about the same time, were
Deborah, Italian ojiera in four acts (MS.) also awarded the first and second prizes in
Grand Mass Church services 4 Te Deum a competition in Florence.
; ; ;
300 songs, and many adaptations from the *PROUT, EBENEZER. Add to works :
French, German, and Italian. Damon and Phintias, cantata for men's
*MIEY, CHAELES, died in Ghent, Bel- voices and orchestra, first given at Oxford,
gium, in 1889. May 31, 1889.
*IirULLERLIEDER. For Miillerinn in *PUGET, LOiSA, died in Pau, France,
second line read MiJlerin, and for Wenzel Nov. 27, 1889.
in third line read Wilhelm.
*REINECKE, KARL. Add to works :
*NESSLER, VICTOR ERNST, died in Von der Wiege bis zum Grabe, cyclus for
Leipsic, May 28, 1890. Add to works: orchestra, op. 202 Symphony for orches- ;
Otto der Schfitz, Leipsic, 1887 Die Rose tra in C minor, Moscow, March 29, 1889
; ;
von Strassburg, Munich, 1890. 3 songs from Fritz Renter, op. 205.
^REQUIEM. Vol. HI., page 204, line 12,
RADEREWSKI, born in Poland (?), for Pohl, read Pole.
J. J.,
still living, 1890. Pianist and composer. *RHEINBERGER, JOSEF. Add to

"Works Praeludium and Minuetto for the works Mass for mixed chorus, op. 151 Das
: : ;
pianoforte, op. 1 £legie, for do., op. 4

; Zauberwort, Singspiel in two acts, text by
;
Danses polonaises, do., op. 5 Introduction F. von Hoffnaass, op. 153 for 3-part fe-
; ;
et toccata, do., op. G 4 Lieder for voice male chorus with organ, op. 155 12 Cha-
; ;
with pianoforte, op. 7 Chants du voyageur, racterstiicke for organ, op. 15G Mass for
; ;
for pianoforte, op. 8 Danses polonaises, mixed chorus with organ, op. 159
; Ave ;
for do., op. 9 Album demai, do., op. 10 Maria (1889).

; ;
Variations et fugue, do., op. 11 Sonata *RIIBINSTEIN, ANTON. Add to works

; :
for violin and pianoforte, op. 13 Humo- Conzertstiick for pianoforte and orchestra,
;
resques de concert for pianoforte, op. 14 op. 113 and Gorjuscha, Russian opera in
; ;
Dans le desert, for do., op. 15 3 pieces four acts, on the occasion of the composer's
;
for the pianoforte, Legende, Melodic, and jubilee, St. Petersburg, Dec. 3, 1889.
Theme varie, op. IG and concerto for pi-
;
anoforte and orchestra in A minor, op. 17. *SAINT-SAENS, CAmLLE. Add to

PIZZI, EMILIO, born in Verona, Italy, works Ascanio, opera in five acts and
:
in 18G2, still living, 1890. Dramatic com- seven tableaux, text by Paul Meurice and
poser, pupil at the Liceo of Bergamo, where Louis Gallet from the drama Benvenuto
he was graduated in 1881 then entered Cellini, Opera, Paris, March 21, 1890.
;
the Milan Conservatorio and was again STOECKEL, GUSTAVE JACOB, born
graduated in 1884, after two years' study at Maikammer, Bavarian Palatinate, Ger-
under Ponchielli, winning the first prize with many, Nov. 9, 1819, still living, 1890, in
WELD
New Haven, Connecticut Dramatic com- der Franz Neumann. From 1883 to 1887
poser, pupil of Johaun Ziegler, of Louis he studied counterpoint, composition and
Stoeckel on the pianoforte and organ, and orchestration under Joseph lUieinberger at
of Joseph Krebs in composition. He re- the Kunigliche Musikschule in Munich, be-
moved to the United States in 18-i7, and in sides studying conducting under Abel and
1848 settled in New Haven became in ; Levi. From this institution he was gi'aduated
1852 instructor in vocal music in Yale Col- with honors in composition, and conducting
lege, in 1854 chapel organist, and in 1890 in 1887, and soon returned to America. Li
Battell professor of music in Yale Univer- April, 1889,he was appointed musical critic
sity. He has been also dii-ector of the New on the Boston Post Works String quar- :
Haven Musical Association, and of the Men- tet in C, Munich, Musikschule, 1885, a
delssohn Society of New Haven, has super- movement from which was given in Boston,
intended the production in that city of the Kneisol (Quartet, 1890 ; Romanza for small
standard oratorios and many other classical Munich, 188G, Boston, Music Hall,
orcliestra,
Avorks, and lias given there a lai'ge number 1887-88 Andante and scherzo for septet,
;
of orchestral concerts. In 18G4 he received Munich, 1886 Suite for orchestra, "Italia,"
;
fi'om Yale the degree of Doctor of Music. In ib., 1887, Worcester (Mass.) Festival, 1888,
1876 he attended the Bayreuth festival as and by the Boston Symphony Orchestra in
the representative of the New Englander. Boston and Washington, 1890 Benedictus ;
Works : Lichsteustein, opera in three acts, Dominus Israel, for soli, double-quartet,
text by composer ; Mahomet, do., do.; Jililes chorus, and orchestra, in A-llat ; 4 IMudri-
Standish, do., do., after Longfellow; Misko- gals, of which one was given in Boston,
dita, do., do., after 1890 Ode in Time of Peace, for double-
Longfellow. All these arc ;
in MS. Overtures Studen- quartet and ox'gau, ib., 1890 Many songs,
: Lichstenstein ; ;
tenleben Mahomet Miles Standish, Tarn of which eleven are i)ublished (Boston,
; ;
o' Shanter, a sinfonietta. The first three Arthur P. Schmidt).

overtures have been given by Carl Anschiitz WOOLF, BEXJA:MIN EDU.VRD, born
and Theodore Thomas in New York, at the in London, Feb. 10, 1836, still living, 1890.
Symphony concerts in New Haven, 18G8, He vrent to America with his parents in
and the Beethoven festival in 1870. Die 1839 studied harmony, counterpoint com- ;
grusste Kiinstlerin im Kiinstlerthum, can- position, violin, viola, violoncello, double-

tata for solo and chorus, with grand or- bass, and pianoforte under his father (an
chestra ; Songs, experienced musician, who had conducted
Pianoforte compositions ;
etc. He published also the following theatre orchestras in England), and organ
lias :
" Stoeckel's Sacred Songs ;" and "College under William R. Bristow, of New York
Hymnbook for Male Voices, "used in Battell (father of George Frederick Bristow). For
Chapel, Yale University. a time he conducted theatre orchestras in
Boston, Philadclpliia, and New Orleans,
WELD, ARTHUR (CYRIL GORDON), writing overtures, choruses, and incidental
born of American parents, in Jamaica Plain, music to plays, jind also music for many
Massachusetts, March 4, 1802, still living, ballets. He is author al.so of several plays,
1<S!)0. He early showed a tasto for music, of which The :\Iighty Dollar (written for
and began to take pianoforte lessons at the Mr. and Mrs. Florence) held the stage for
age of nine. In 1870 ho went to Germany, many yeju-s, although it underwent changes,
where he studied harmony, counterpoint, from time to time, for which he was not re-
and composition for tliroe years, in Dres- sponsible. In 1870 he gave uj> the prac-
den under Rupert Becker, Adolpli Foerstcr, tice of music as a profession, for musical
and von Comiar-Fiedlitz, and in Bcrhu un- and dramatic criticism, first on the Boston
623
WOOLF
Globe, and then on the Saturday Evening Park Theatre, Sept. 30, 1880 Pounce & Co.,
;
Gazette, which post he still liolds, and in comic opera in 2 acts, ib., Bijou Theatre,
which he has won a conspicuous influence. April 19, 1883 Once on a Time, comic op-
;
He did not, however, give up composing, The Lord of the Fairies,

era (not given) ;
and his comic opera, Pounce & Co., of do. (do.) The King's Frolic, do. (do.)
;
;
which he wrote both text and music, had a Overture to The Comedy of Errors, Boston
successful run of six weeks in Boston, with Popular Concerts, 1887 Overtures and in-
;
Gertrude Franklin and Heniy E. Dixey in cidental music to many dramas, ballets,
the cast. This operetta may rank with the etc.; Chamber music, such as string quar-
best of its kind that have been written in tets, pianoforte trios, etc., many of which
America. Works : Lawn Tennis, or Djakh have been publicly performed; Many
and Djill, operatic comedietta, Boston, songs.
624
AX
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

copies, of u'biib fifty are to be sold exclusively

Tbis copy is Nn. ^

Music and Musicians

MUSIC AND MUSICIANS

JOHN DENISON CHAMPLIN, JR.

WILLIAM FOSTER APTHORP

lyjTH MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS

Charles Scribiier's Sons.

FULL- PAGE PORTRAITS

2. GIOACCHINO ANTONIO ROSSINI

3. ANTON GREGOR RUBINSTEIN

6. FRANZ SCHUBERT ^'^^f'

From the engraving by Passini, after the painting by Rieder, . . 2y2

10. GIUSEPPE VERDI

11. RICHARD WAGNER

12. KARL MARIA VON WEBER

1. Nanini, Giovanni Maria 5 32. Parker, Henry 83

6. Naumanu, Jobaun Gottlieb 9 37. Pattison, Jobn Nelson 96

G7. Pugnaui, Gaetauo 1G3 109. Rubinstein, Anton Gregor . . .

G8. Purcell, Heury It^J: 110. Rubinstein, Nicolai

C9. Quantz, Jolianii Joachim 170 112. Rungenhagen, Carl Friedrich.

70. Hair, Joachim 174

177. StOr, Karl 434 219. Weber, Gottfried 573

PORTRAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, FACSIMILES,

5. Portrait of Angelica Catalani 28 Antonio Tamburini ....

GahrielleKrauss. 139 50.

PORTRAITS OF SI AGGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, ETC.

PORTRAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, ETC.

112. ludieuue in Le triomphe de

cell. London, 1881.

ouvrages d'Andre-Ernest Gretry. Paris,

T7ASTNER, JEAN GEORGES. Cbants de

Biographic. Berliu, 18G8. tistiche. Florence, 1865. Revised and

und Kircbenlied. Leipsic, 1875.

Sclielle,Eduard. Die papstliche Sangerschule Walther, Johann Gottfried, Musikalisches

Scheyrer, L. Johann Strauss's musikalische Westermann's Illustrirte Mouatsheftc, ed-

Ludolf Vinata. Hamburg. Wolzogen, Hans von. Die Sprache in Richard

A., Alto. M., Monsieur.

do., ditto. op., opus, opera.

Music and Musicians.

NAAMAN, oratorio in two parts, text takes advantage for self-aggrandizement

(T.), Mr. Sims Reeves Elisha (Bar.),

Widow (A.), Mme Rudersdorif. It was by Menantes, music by Reinhardt Reiser,

34G (1878), i. 19G.

sented at La Scala, Milan, March 9, 1842, 265 Athenannn (184G), 250. ;

with the following cast NACCIARONE, GUGLIEL:\I0, born in

at the age of ten, and two years after played

Field. Works Requiem, 1859 Sanctus

he finds a young girl, Gabrielle, bewailing Vieuxtemps La volicre Porte et fenetre. ; ;

pianoforte ; Sonatas, airs varies, fantaisies, other compositions, at Cologne, !Munich,

Beethoven's sonatas. ^Yorks Choruses for etc. Overtures;

sangbildungslehrc uach Pestalozzischen Heindl, Galleni beriihmter Piidagogen, etc.

Miinnergesang, etc. (Kaiserslautern, 1879). 7, 1764.

Mendelssohn's direction. It was given by This overture was more frequently

5, Church Beethoveniana, 35 Schindler, ii. 153 Mus.

composer, was tenor in the papal chapel in Wochenblatt (187G), 1.

Gerber. with Ottavio, and pursues him until he is

Published works Madrigali a 5 voci. Lib. to Palestrina.

studied counterpoint at Goiulimel's school 4 voc, in Proske's ^lusica divina; other

by both brothers) in MS., transcribed by Trios, quartets, pianoforte music Bohemian ;

niann ; Grove. NARCISSE, idylle antique, for chorus,

1839, still living, was, in 1753-67,