1. The committee has met twice and ....

a. its decision was reached

b. they reached a final decision
c. it has reached a final decision/
d. a final decision was reached
2. The manager won't be able to attend the shareholders' meeting tomorrow because....
a. he will be giving a lecture/
b. of he will give lecture
c. he will have giving a lecture
d. he must to give a lecture
3. The number of girls in school and women in parliaments has risen, and their overall
access to contraception has improved in the past decade, _____ new report.
a. according a
b. according to a/
c. as stated in a
d. published in a
4. The participants have had some problems deciding....
a. when should they announce the result of the meeting.
b. the time when the result of the meeting to announce.
c. when they should announce the result of the meeting./
d. when are they sgoing to announce the result of the meeting.
5. The swimming instructor came... if the apartment was still available.
a. to see/
b. for seeing
c. seeing
d. saw
6. .... a bee colony gets, the more the queen's egglaying capability diminishers.
a. More than overcrowded.
b. It is more overcrowded.
c. The more overcrowded/
d. More overcrowded than.
7. Brenda's score on the test is the highest in class.
a. She must have studied hard last night./
b. She should study hard last night.
c. She had to study hard last night
d. She should have studied hard last night
8. By far the most noticeable blemishes on the surface of the Sun _____ sunspots.
a. Are/
b. in the
c. the
d. that are
9. East Kalimantan relies heavily on income from oil and natural gas, and....
a. so does Aceh province./
 b. Aceh province also.
c. Aceh province too.
d. Aceh province is as well.
10. Having been served lunch,...
a. A discussion of the problems were made by the participants.
b. It was discussed by the participants.
c. The problems were discussed by the participants.
d. the participants discuss the problems./
11. I hope you don't mind _______ sitting here.
a. to be
b. that I may
c. I had been
d. My/
12. I regret to inform you that your application _______ unsuccessful on this occasion.
a. to be
b. should have been
c. has been/
d. is being

13. Jackson,... capital of Mississippi, is the largest city in the state.

a. where the
b. it is the
c. the/
d. is the
14. On no account _______ call her at the office.
a. You
b. To
c. That you may/
d. Should you
15. Please tell me when to stop _______.
a. Pour
b. to have poured
c. pouring/
d. downpour
16. Professor Baker told his students that...
a. they can turn over their reports on Mondays.
b. they could hand in their reports on Monday./
c. the reports they can hand in on Monday.
d. the reports can turn over on Monday.
17. She _______ forever practising on that out-of-tune trumpet.
a. Is/
b. Was being
c. Will have
 d. Has been
18. The 2000 Census showed that married couples _____ half of the 2 million
households in the state, and 46 percent of those couples had children living
with them.
a. and made up
b. to make up
c. made up/
d. which they made up
19. The adder is a venomous snake ... bite may prove fatal to humans.
a. Its
b. Whose/
c. Whom its
d. That
20. The chairwoman requested that ....
a. the participants studied more careful the problem.
b. the participants studied the problem with more careful.
c. the problem be studied more carefully.
d. the participants study the problem more carefully./
21. The various types of bacteria are classified according to...shapes.
a. Their/
b. How they are
c. Have
d. Whose
22. Things would go a lot more smoothly if you _______ keep interrupting.
a. Didn’t/
b. Does
c. Do
d. Will
23. This year will be more difficult for our organization because....
a. there is a little money and volunteers than last year.
b. it has fewer money and less volunteers than it had last year.
c. we have less money and volunteers than last year.
d. it has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year./
24. To answer accurately is more important than...
a. you finish it quickly
b. quick finish
c. to finish quickly/
d. a quick finish
25. Unlike the earth, which rotates once every twenty-four hours ... once every ten hours.
a. Jupiter rotates/
b. the rotation of Jupiter
c. Jupiter rotation
d. Jupiter rotate
26. We'll get you a car once you _______ your driving test.
a. are passing
b. are having passed
c. have passed/
d. might pass

1. In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the United States developed the reusable space
shuttle ________to space cheaper and easier.
A. to make access
B. and making access
C. which made accessible
D. and made accessible.
Pembahasan: to Infinitive
2. Genetically, the chimpanzee is more similar to humans _______.
A. are than any other animal
B. than is any other animal
C. any other animal is
D. and any other animal is
Pembahasan: Comparative Degree
3._______more than 65,000 described species of protozoa, of which more than
half are fossils.
A. Being that there are
B. There being
C. Are there
D. There are
Pembahasan: There are (Subject di belakang verb)
4.The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 ___ nearly unanimously through the
United States Congress.
A. passed
B. in passage
C. having passed
D. passing
Pembahasan: Kehilangan verb
5.Modern skyscrapers have a steel skeleton of beams and columns ___a three-
dimensional grid.
A. forms
B. from which forming
C. and forming
D. that forms
Pembahasan: Adjective Clause
6.The average level of United States prices grew very little from 1953 until the
mid-1960’s when ____________.
A. did inflation begin
B. inflation began
C. the beginning of inflation
D. did the beginning of inflation
Pembahasan: Adverb clause --> kehilangan subject & verb
7.The basis premise behind all agricultural production is _____available the
riches of the soil for human consumption.
A. to be made
B. the making
C. making is
D. to make
Pembahasan: to infinitive --> be (is, are, am, was, were) + to inf.
8.___to the United States House of Representatives in 1791, Nathaniel Macon
remained in office until 1815.
A. Election
B. Why he was elected
C. Elected
D. Who was elected
Pembahasan: Past Participle / Reduction in Adjective Clause
9.________ of classical ballet in the United States began around 1830.
A. To teach
B. Is teaching
C. It was taught
D. The teaching
Pembahasan: Kehilangan Subject. Ingat Noun + of + Noun
10.The universe is estimated ___between 10 billion and 20 billion years old.
A. being
B. to be
C. which is
D. is
Pembahasan: to infintive
11. A situation in which an economic market is dominated by a ____ is known as
a monopoly.
A. single of a product seller
B. product single of a seller
C. seller of a product single
D. single seller of a product
Pembahasan: Adjective (single) + Noun (seller) ---> Noun + of + Noun
12.____ freshwater species of fish build nests of sticks, stones, or scooped-out
sand..
A. As the many
B. Of the many
C. Many
D. Many of them are
Pembahasan: Butuh pelengkap subject.
13.Newspaper publishers in the united states have estimated
___________reads a newspaper every day.
A. nearly 80 percent of the adult population who
B. it is nearly 80 percent of the adult population
C. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population who
D. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population
Pembahasan: Noun Clause kehilangan subject
14. The foundation of all other branches of mathematics is arithmetic, _ science
of calculating with numbers.
A. is the
B. the
C. which the
D. because the
Pembahasan: Appositive
15.Nylon was ___the human-made fibers.
A. the first of which
B. what the first of
C. it the first of
D. the first of

1. Many scientists believe _____ as a result of a collision between the newly

formed Earth and a large asteroid.
A. that the Moon was formed
B. in that the Moon was formed
C. that the Moon formed was
D. when the Moon was formed
Kunci Jawaban: A. that the Moon was formed

2. The organ-pipe cactus is _____ in the United States.

A. Rare that
B. It rare
C. so that rare
D. rare
Kunci Jawaban: D. rare

3. Willa Cather,_____, gained recognition for her books concerning the

American frontier.
A. a novelist and Pulitzer prizewinning
B.a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist
C.a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist who
D.was a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist
Kunci Jawaban: B. a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist

4. The average wavelength of visible light is 2,000 times _____ the diameter of
an atom.
A. much as
B. as great
C. greater than
D. more than that
Kunci Jawaban: C. greater than

5. _____ ants live in nests, which may be located in the ground, under a rock, or
built above ground and may be made of twigs, sand, or gravel.
A. Most
B. The most of
C. Most of
D. Of the most
Kunci Jawaban: A. Most

6. The banking systems of the world have many similarities, _____ they also
differ, sometimes in quite material respects.
A. of which
B. in spite of
C. but
D. how
Kunci Jawaban: C. but

7. Learning that takes place in infancy provides the____ for the eventual
 transformation of a child into an adult.
A. foundation is necessary
B. necessary foundation is
C. necessary in the foundation
D. foundation necessary
Kunci Jawaban: D. foundation necessary

8. In the late 1930’s and early 1940’s, Jacob Lawrence created many paintings
_____ the lives of famous African American activists.
A. portayed
B. portrayed them
C. that they portrayed
D. that portrayed
Kunci Jawaban: D. that portrayed

9. The Centennial Exposition, _____ in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1876,

celebrated the one-hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.
A. was held
B. to be held
C. held
D. by holding
Kunci Jawaban: C. held

10. In the dark abyss of the deep sea _____ is produced by luminescent fish.
A. because the only light
B. the only light
C. the only light that
D. is the only light
Kunci Jawaban: B. the only light

11. The classic American novel Moby Dick____ an account of the conflict
between human beings and their fate.
A. may be regarded as
B. as may be regarded
C. regarded as may be
D.regarded may as be
Kunci Jawaban: A. may be regarded as

12. In the metals industry, hydrogen is used to prevent metals from tarnishing
while undergoing _____.
A. treated by heat
B. heat treatments
C. by heat treatments
D. heat-treated
Kunci Jawaban: B. heat treatments

1. Among the 450 artworks in the White House art collection __

(A) as is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two Children
(B) is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two Children
(C) which is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two Children
(D) Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two Children
2. An unconsolidated aggregate of silt particles is also termed silt, __ a consolidated
aggregate is called siltstone.
(A) which
(B) why
(C) whereas
(D) whether

3. In 1864 the American Shakespearean actor Edwin Booth gained critical acclaim when
he __ Hamlet at the Winter Garden Theatre in New York City.
(A) perform
(B) performed
(C) had been performing
(D) having performed

4. -- are chiefly derived from petroleum.

(A) Plastics today
(B) There are plastics today
(C) Because today plastics today
(D) Due to plastics today

5. Most tangerine trees and their flowers and fruits resemble __ the orange, although
tangerines are generally smaller.
(A) of those
(B) which of those
(C) those of
(D) which are of

6. Ohio. the center of __ the Hopewen culture, has the greatest concentration of ancient
burial mounds in the United States.
(A) called
(B) what is called
(C) that is called
(D) is called

7. __, such as jazz, are often played from memory rather than from a written score.
(A) Of some types music
(B) Music some of types
(C) Some types of music
(D) Types of music some

8. During the 1850’, reform movements __ temperance and the abolition of slavery
gained strength in the United States.
(A) advocating
(B) they had advocated
(C) to advocating
(D) to advocate when

9. Many meteorites are thought to have originated from __ that once existed between
the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
(A) where a planet or planets
(B) a planet or planets so
(C) which a planet or planets
(D) a planet or planets

10.The modem automobile is a __ composed of more than 14,000 parts.

(A) complex technical system
(B) system of complex technical
(C) complex technical system that
(D) system is technically complex

11. __ over 100 years since the invention of the square-bottomed paper bag.
(A) Now is
(B) Now it has
(C) There is now
(D) It is now

12.The novelist John Dos Passos developed a style of fiction incorporating several
documentary devices __ to his works.
(A) lent realism
(B) that lending realism
(C) to lend realism
(D) of whose realism lent

13. In Earth’s infancy, its surface was warm enough for life __ the young Sun was fainter
than it is today.
(A) in spite of
(B) whether
(C) neither of which
(D) even though

14. The invention of the compound microscope (which allowed much higher
magnification through multiple lenses) made __ the great strides in life sciences.
(A) it possible
(B) possibly
(C) possible
(D) it was possible

15. Hares generally have longer ears and hind legs than rabbits and move by jumping __
running
(A) rather to be
(B) rather than
(C) are rather
(D) as rather

1. Over the centuries, ____ that try to explain the origins of the university.
(A) although many theories
(B) many theories
(C) have many theories been
(D) there have been many theories
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Langkah 1:  'that try to explain the origins of the university' merupakan adjective clause.
Adjective clause menjelaskan noun yang letaknya sebelum adjective clause itu sendiri.
Jadi sebelum adjective clause di atas mesti ada noun yang dijelaskan. Pilihan C sudah
jelas salah karena bukan noun yang sebelum adjective clause tapi 'been'.
Langkah 2: Kalimat di atas terdapat 1 clause 'that try to explain the origins of the
university' yang terdapat connector 'that' yang juga berfungsi sebagai subject dari verb
'try'. Adanya 1 connector menandakan dalam kalimat tersebut terdapat dua clause.
Olehnya yang kita butuhkan dari pilihan jawaban ialah 1 clause. Clause ialah kumpulan
kata yang didalamnya terdapat subject dan verb. Pilihan A dan B bukanlah clause.  Jadi
pilihan yang tepat ialah pilihan D.

2. The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass _____ Earth, with a
similar
interior, including a nickel-iron core.
(A) to
(B) as
(C) is
(D) than
Pembahasan Jawaban: the same + as

3. George Washington Carver ____ international fame for revolutionizing agriculture

research
in the southern United States during the early twentieth century.
(A) won
(B) winning
(C) who has won
(D) the winner of
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas kehilangan verb jadi kita butuh verb.

4. Constituting one of the earliest engineering techniques, ______ in Paleolithic time

was done in order to extend natural caves.
(A) tunnels were built
(B) which built tunnels
(C) the building of tunnels
(D) tunnels whose building
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas buuth subject. Verb dari kalimat di atas ialah
'was done'.

5. The tulip tree is native to the eastern United States, _____ the tallest and largest
broadleaf
tree.
(A) where
(B) where it is
(C) it is where
(D) is where
Pembahasan Jawaban: 'where it is the tallest and largest broadleaf tree' merupakan
adjective clause yang menjelaskan noun sebelumnya 'the eastern United States'.

6. Elementary schools in the United states provide formal education ______ arithmetic,
science, social science, and communication skills that including reading, writing,
spelling, and speaking.
(A) such subjects as basic in
(B) as basic subjects in such
(C) in such basic subjects as
(D) as in such basic subjects
Pembahasan Jawaban: pasangan kata yang benar ialah such as bukan as such. Jadi
pilihan B dan D sudah jelas salah. Ingat pola noun phrase (adjective + noun). Kita lihat
dipilihan jawaban ada kata basic (adjective) dan subjects (noun). Antara A dan C hanya
C yang memnuhi syarat pola noun phrase (adj. + noun).

7. ______ land and money enabled construction of the Union Pacific railroad to begin
from Council Bluffs, Iowa, in 1865.
(A) By the government granting of
(B) Government grants of
(C) For the government to grant
(D) Government grants so that
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan dari kalimat di atas ialah subject. Verb nya
ialah 'enabled'.

8. Appointments to the United States Supreme Court and all lower federal courts ____
by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(A) making
(B) to make
(C) are made
(D) have made
Pembahasan Jawaban: Terdapat 'by' jawabannya mesti passive 'are made'.

9. The name “squirrel” is commonly used for those forms of the family Sciuridae that live
in
trees, _____ it is equally accurate for ground dwelling types.
(A) whether
(B) that
(C) although
(D) in spite of
Pembahasan Jawaban: Ada dua clause. Clause 1 = 'The name “squirrel” is commonly
used'; Clause 2 = 'it is equally accurate'. Untuk menghubungkan ke dua clause di atas
kita butuh connector. Connector yang tepat ialah 'although' (pilihan C)

10. Green plants combine _____ with water and carbon dioxide to make food.
(A) energy derived from light
(B) energy, derived it from light
(C) energy is derived from light
(D) from light, and energy derived
Pembahasan Jawaban: kalimat di atas sudah terdapat subject dan verb jadi kita
tinggal butuh object. Pilihan C sudah salah karen terdapat clause tanpa connector (tidak
bisa jadi object). Pilihan D salah karena terdapat 'from' --> combine + noun tanpa 'from'.
Pilihan B salah karen 'derived' menjelaskan 'energy' jadi tidak lagi butuh it.
Materi ini masuk dalam topik Adjective Clause (Reduction) atau juga Past Participle

11. From the archeologist’s perspective, understanding the past is vitally important and
requires ______ of earlier cultures.
(A) the ruins examined
(B) examining the ruins
(C) of the ruins to be examined
(D) that the examined ruins

12. The Texas Legislature selected Vassar Miller _____ in 1982, and again in 1988.
(A) was the state’s poet laureate
(B) as the state’s poet laureate
(C) the state’s poet laureate
(D) become the state’s poet laureate
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Langkah 1: Kalimat di atas sudah lengkap Subject dan Verb. Jadi kita tidak lagi butuh
verb lainnya. Pilihan A dan D olehnya sudah jelas salah.
Langkah 2: Ketika kita menggunakan kata 'selected' tidak lagi perlu menggunakan kata
'as' tapi langsung saja noun setelahnya.
Contoh lain: I selected you the president of the meeting club. Kata kerja yang lain masuk
dalam kategori kata kerja semacam ini ialah: consider, find, believe, think, prove call,
name, elect, appoint, nominate, make, paint, suppose, turn (mengubah), dan build.

13. The distinguishing feature of a fluid, in contrast to a solid, is the ease _____ .
(A) that a deformed fluid
(B) to deform a fluid
(C) when a fluid that is deformed
(D) with which a fluid may be deformed

14. Oxygen and nutrients reach the body’s tissues ____ from the blood through the
capillary wall.
(A) pass
(B) by passing
(C) to be passing
(D) have passed
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas sudah lengkap subject dan verb jadi tidak
butuh lagi verb. Pilihan A dan D sudah jelas salah. Pilihan C tidak sesuai dengan konteks
kalimat.

15. _____ important development of the Neolithic age was not in the manufacture of
stone tools but in the production of food.
(A) The most
(B) Most
(C) Most of
(D) Of the most
1. —— Jane has an excellent resume, she hasn't found a job yet.
(A) However
(B) Yet
(C) That
(D) Although
Pembahasan Jawaban: 
Terdapat dua cluse: clause 1 (Jane has an excellent resume), clause 2 (she hasn't
found a job yet). Karena ada dua clause maka kita butuh 1 connector untuk
menghubungkan ke dua clause tersebut. Dari pilihan jawaban yang ada, hanya pilihan B
dan D yang merupakan connector. Pilihan B salah karena kata yet ketika menjadi
connector berada di tengah clause atau di antara ke dua clause bukan di awal kalimat;
yet masuk dalam coordinate connector. Pilihan paling tepat ialah D. Although masuk
dalam kategori subordinate connector yang letaknya bisa di antara ke dua clause bisa
juga depan kalimat.

2. —— several universities that have excellent engineering schools.

(A) There are
(B) The
(C) There is a lot of
(D) Some of
Pembahasan Jawaban: 
Kalimat di atas terdapat dua clause ditandai adanya connector 'that'. Clause 1 '——
several universities' kehilangan kata kerja. Clause 2 'that have excellent engineering
schools' sudah lengkap. Subjectnya ialah that yang juga berfungsi sebagai connector.
Olehnya, kita butuh untuk melengkapi clause pertama yg kehilangan verb. Dari pilihan
jawaban yg ada, hanya pilihan A dan C yg berisi verb. Pilihan paling tepat ialah pilihan
A.

3. Many Middle Eastern diplomats still feel that the United States is intent —— the
ultimate police in the region.
(A) to being
(B) being
(C) be
(D) on being
Pembahasan Jawaban: 
Pasangan Phrase: intent + on

4. Woodrow Wilson believed the United States' entry into World War I would put a ——
to the war in months.
(A) to stop
(B) stop
(C) stopping
(D) will had stopped
Pembahasan Jawaban: article 'a' + noun
Dari pilihan jawaban hanya C yang merupakan kata benda (noun).

5. —— of New York's Erie Canal greatly enhanced trade in the upstate region.
(A) The complete
(B) Completing
(C) A completing
(D) The completion
Pembahasan Jawaban: 

6. A leech, after —— the skin, is best removed by the application of either salt or heat.
(A) it attaches itself to
(B) attaching it
(C) its attaching to
(D) where it attaches to
Pembahasan Jawaban: 

7. —— east of the Mississippi River.

(A) Indigo was grown usually
(B) Usually grown was Indigo
(C) Indigo usually grown
(D) Indigo was usually grown
Pembahasan Jawaban: 

8. —— wrote the operetta Babes in Toyland, drawn from the childhood characters of
Mother Goose.
(A) That was Victor Herbert who
(B) Victor Herbert who
(C) Since it was Victor Herbert
(D) It was Victor Herbert who
Pembahasan Jawaban: 

9. Some of the oldest and most widespread creation myths are —— involving the all-
giving "Earth Mother."
(A) those
(B) them
(C) they
(D) their
Pembahasan Jawaban: 

10. In —— , disk technology has made record albums almost obsolete.

(A) the decade from
(B) the decade since
(C) the past decade
(D) decade ago the
Pembahasan Jawaban: 

11. In the first few months of life, an infant learns how to lift its head, smile, and ——.
(A) parents to recognize
(B) recognize its parents
(C) recognizing its parents
(D) the recognizing of its parents
Pembahasan Jawaban: 
12. Juana Inez de la Cruz —— Mexico's greatest female poet.
(A) considered
(B) considered to be
(C) is considered to be
(D) is consideration
Pembahasan Jawaban: 

13. Because the metal mercury —— in direct proportion to temperature, it was once used
as the indicator in common thermometers.
(A) is expanding
(B) expands
(C) is expanded
(D) expanded
Pembahasan Jawaban: 

14. —— what is now San Salvador, Christopher Columbus believed that he had found
Japan.
(A) He reached
(B) When did he reach
(C) Having reached
(D) Whether he reached
Pembahasan Jawaban: 

15. The principal purpose of aviation medicine is —— by people aboard an air¬craft in

flight.
(A) to study the stress experienced
(B) study the experienced stress
(C) to study stress experiencing
(D) study the stress experience

1. The hard palate forms a partition  ____ and nasal passages.

(A) the mouth
(B) between the mouth
(C) is between the mouth
(D) it is between the mouth
Pembahasan Jawaban: Subject dan verb sudah lengkap sehingga kita tidak butuh
lagi verb atau pun subject lainnya jika tidak terdapat connector. Pilihan C dan D terdapat
verb tanpa connector, jadi otomatis sudah salah. Jawaban yang paling tepat ialah B.
Prinsip: Setiap kalimat bahasa Inggris mesti terdiri dari minimal 1 clause (subject +
verb). Jika terdapat 2 clause maka mesti ada 1 connector. 3 clause mesti ada 2 connector.
begitupun seterusnya.

2. Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon and Rick Blaine in Casablanca ____  of Humphrey
Bogart's more famous roles.
(A) they are two
(B) two of them are
(C) two of them
(D) are two
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kalimat di atas terdapat subject tapi kehilangan verb jadi kita butuh verb. Jawaban yang
terdapat verb ialah A, B, dan D; pilihan C sudah jelas salah. Pilihan A dan B kemudian
salah karena terdapat lagi subject. Jadi jawaban paling tepat ialah D.
Prinsip: Setiap kalimat bahasa Inggris mesti terdiri dari minimal 1 clause (subject +
verb). Jika terdapat 2 clause maka mesti ada 1 connector. 3 clause mesti ada 2 connector.
begitupun seterusnya.

3. ____, the outermost layer of skin, is about as thick as a sheet of paper over most of
the skin.
(A) It is the epidermis
(B) In the epidermis
(C) The epidermis
(D) The epidermis is
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kalimat di atas terdapat verb (is) tapi kehilangan subject jadi kita butuh subject.
Jawaban yang terdapat subject ialah A, C, dan D; pilihan B sudah jelas salah karena
terdapat preposition (in) yang menandakan the epedermis bukanlah subject. Pilihan A
dan D kemudian salah karena terdapat lagi verb di dalamnya. Jadi jawaban paling tepat
ialah C.
Prinsip: Setiap kalimat bahasa Inggris mesti terdiri dari minimal 1 clause (subject +
verb). Jika terdapat 2 clause maka mesti ada 1 connector. 3 clause mesti ada 2 connector.
begitupun seterusnya.
--> "the outermost layer of skin" bukanlah subject kalimat melainkan penjelas dari
suject sebelumnya. Penjelas semacam ini biasa disebut dg nama "appositive"

4. During the Precambrian period, the Earth's crust formed, and life ____  in the seas.
(A) first appeared
(B) first to appear
(C) is first appearing
(D) appearing
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector (and): clause 1 (the
Earth's crust formed), dan clause ke dua kehilangan verb, hanya terlihat subject (life).
Olehnya kita butuh verb untuk melengkapi clause 2. Secara structure, yang
memungkinkan ialah pilihan A dan C. Hanya dilihat dari tense (waktu) dan makna maka
yang sangat sesuai ialah pilihan A.

5. When fluid accumulates against the eardrum, a second more insidious type of ____
(A) otitis media may develop
(B) developing otitis media
(C) the development of otitis media
(D) to develop otitis media
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector (when): clause 1 (fluid
accumulates), dan clause ke dua kehilangan verb, hanya terlihat subject (a second more
insidious type). Olehnya kita butuh verb untuk melengkapi clause 2. Hanya pilihan A
yang memenuhi syarat.

6. Before the Statue of Liberty arrived in the United States, newspapers invited the
public to help determine where ____ placed after its arrival.
(A) should the statue be
(B) the statue being
(C) it should be the statue
(D) the statue should be
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat 3 clause yang ditandai adanya 2 connector (before) dan connector
(where): clause 1 (the Statue of Liberty arrived), clause 2 (newspapers invited), dan
clause ke 3 kehilangan subject dan helping verb, hanya terlihat past participle (placed).
Olehnya kita butuh subject dan helping verb untuk melengkapi clause 3. Hanya pilihan A
yang memenuhi syarat.
Helping verb: be (is, are, am, be, been), modals (can, could, must, dll), have (have, has,
had), do (do, does, did)

7. A stock ____ at an inflated price is called a watered stock.

(A) issued 
(B) is issued 
(C) it is issued 
(D) which issued
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat kalimat diatas terdapat 1 clause yang lengkap: subject (A stock) dan verb (is
called). Jadi kita tidak membutuhkan lagi subject atau pun verb lainnya kecuali jika
terdapat connector. Pilihan B dan C terdapat verb namun tidak disertai dengan
connector sehingga salah. Pilihan D terdapat connector tapi tidak terdapat verb, hanya
terlihat past participle (issued) yang butuh helping verb. Sehingga pilihan yang tepat
ialah pilihan A. 

8. Acidic lava flows readily and tends to cover much larger areas, while basic lava ____.
(A) viscous
(B) is more viscous
(C) more viscous
(D) it is more vicious
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector (while): clause 1 (Acidic
lava flows readily and tends), dan clause ke dua kehilangan verb, hanya terlihat subject
(basic lava ). Olehnya kita butuh verb untuk melengkapi clause 2. Pilihan A dan C sudah
jelas salah karena tidak terdapat verb. Pilihan D salah karena terdapat subject lagi
(double subject). Jadi pilihan paling tepat ialah pilihan B.

9. Seismic reflections profiling has ____ the ocean floor is underlain by a thin layer of
nearly transparent sediments.
(A) reveal that
(B) revealed that
(C) the revelation of
(D) revealed about
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Present Perfect: has + verb III
Jawaban D salah karena terdapat preposition (about). Object dari preposition mesti
berbentuk noun sementara kalimat di atas terdiri dari clause (the ocean floor is
underlain).

10. ____ and terrifying, coral snakes can grow to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length.
(A) They are extremely poisonous
(B) The poison is extreme
(C) Extremely Poisonous
(D) An extreme amount of poison
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Parallel structure:  Extremely poisonous (adjective) + terrifying (adjective)

11. The leaves of the white mulberry provide food for silkworms, ____ silk fabrics are
woven.
(A) whose cocoons 
(B) from cocoons 
(C) whose cocoons are from 
(D) from whose cocoons
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas terdapat dua clause tanpa connector: clause 1
(The leaves of the white mulberry provide) dan clause 2 (silk fabrics are woven). Jadi
yang kita butuhkan ialah connector untuk menghubungkan dua clause. Jawaban yg
paling sesuai ialah piliha D.

12. As ____ in Greek and Roman mythology, harpies were frightful monsters that were
half woman and half bird.
(A) described
(B) to describe
(C) description
(D) describing
Pembahasan Jawaban: As described in Greek and Roman mythology (sebagaimana
digambarkan dalam mitos Roman dan Yunani)

13. Not only ____ generate energy, but it also produces fuel for other fission reactors.
(A) a nuclear breeder reactor 
(B) it is a nuclear breeder reactor 
(C) does a nuclear breeder reactor 
(D) is a nuclear breeder reactor
Pembahasan Jawaban: Parallel structure in paired conjunction (not only ... but
also) : Not only (clause) + but also (clause)
Kita lihat di bagian but also sudah terdapat clause, maka kita perlu clause untuk bagian
not only. Di clause bagian not only sudah terdapat verb (generate) makanya kita perlu
subject. Otomatis jawabn B dan C salah karena terdapat verb lagi. Pilihan yang tepat
ialah pilihan C. Kita menggunakan does karena kalimat ini berbentuk inversion in
(pembalikan: V + Subject). Perhatikan bentuk inversiaon pada kalimat pertanyaan
(question). 

14. D.W. Griffith pioneered many of the stylistic features and filmmaking
techniques ____ as the Hollywood standard.
(A) that established 
(B) that became established 
(C) what established 
(D) what became established 
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Adjective clause: yang digunakan dalam menggambarkan benda ialah "that" bukan what.
Pilihan A salah karena that langsung ketemu established (kehilangan helping verb).
Pilihan A benar jika berbentuk "that was established".

15. _____ be needed, the water basin would need to be dammed.

(A) Hydroelectric power should
(B) When hydroelectric power
(C) Hydroelectric power
(D) Should hydroelectric power
1. _______ range in color from pale yellow to
bright orange.
(A) Canaries which
(B) Canaries
(C) That canaries
(D) Canaries that are
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas butuh subject. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya B
yang memenuhi syarat.
Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: Mesti terdapat Subject dan Verb: Canaries (subject) +
range (verb)

2. _______ of precious gems is determined by their hardness, color, and brilliance.

(A) The valuable
(B) It is the value
(C) It is valuable
(D) The value
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kata kerja (is determined) sudah ada. Jadi kita hanya
mencari subject kalimat. Hanya pilihan jawaban D yang bisa menjadi subject.
Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: Mesti terdapat Subject dan Verb

3. _______ a tornado spins in a counterclockwise direction in the northern hemisphere,

it spins in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere.
(A) However
(B) Because of
(C) Although
(D) That
Pembahasan Jawaban: Terdapat dua klausa (S + V): a tornado spins & it spins. Jadi
kita butuh connector untuk menghubungkan ke dua klausa. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya
C yang memenuhi syarat.
Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: 2 clause butuh 1 connector. 3 clause butuh dua
connector. 

4. The Caldecott Medal, _______ for the best children's picture book, is awarded each
January.
(A) a prize
(B) which prize
(C) is a prize which
(D) is a prize
Pembahasan Jawaban: 
Cara 1: Kalimat di atas terdapat subject (The Caldecott Medal) dan verb (is awarded), ini
berarti kalimat sudah lengkap. Kita sudah tidak butuh lagi kata kerja. Otomatis pilihan
pilihan C dan D sudah tereliminasi. Pilihan B juga ikut tereliminasi. Kalimat di atas
cuma terdiri dari 1 clause jadi tidak butuh connector (which). Jadi pilihan jawaban benar
ialah A.
Cara 2: Materi Appositive. Appositive ialah noun yang menjelaskan noun lainnya (dalam
TOEFL umumnya subject). Jadi kita cuma butuh noun untuk menjelaskan subject (The
Caldecott Medal). Dan yang terdapat noun ialah pilihan jawaban A.
5. The horn of the rhinoceros consists of a cone of tight bundles of keratin _______
from the epidermis.
(A) grow
(B) grows
(C) growing
(D) they grow
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas terdapat Subject (the horn) dan Verb
(consists). Jadi kita tidak butuh lagi verb lainnya. Otomatis pilihan jawaban A dan B
salah. Pilihan jawaban D juga salah karena membuat clause lain. Ingat 2 clause harus
terdapat 1 connector. Jadi tersisalah pilihan jawaban C.

6. Most species of heliotropes are weeds, _______ of them are cultivated.

(A) some
(B) but some
(C) for some species
(D) some species
Pembahasan Jawaban: Di kalimat atas, terdapat 2 verb (are) dan (are cultivated).
Jadi terdapat dua clause. Ingat 2 clause harus terdapat 1 connector. Hanya pilihan
jawaban B yang berisi connector (but).

7. Thunder occurs as _______ through air, causing the heated air to expand and collide
with layers of cooler air.
(A) an electrical charge
(B) passes an electrical charge
(C) the passing of an electrical charge
(D) an electrical charge passes
Pembahasan Jawaban: Di kalimat di atas terdapat 1 clause (Thunder occurs) dan 1
connector (as). Jadi bisa ditebak kalimat di atas mesti terdapat dua clause. Dari pilihan
jawaban hanya D yang berbentuk clause. Ingat clause terdiri dari Subject dan Verb.

8. Researchers have long debated _______ Saturn's moon Titan contains hydrocarbon
oceans and lakes.
(A) over it
(B) whether it
(C) whether
(D) whether over
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas terdapat 2 clause. Clause 1 (Researchers have
long debated); clause 2 (Saturn's moon Titan contains). Jadi kita tinggal butuh 1
connector. Hanya pilihan jawaban C yang terdapat memenuhis syarat.

9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark grey clouds _______ forebode rain.

(A) what
(B) which
(C) what they
(D) which they
Pembahasan Jawaban: kalimat di atas terdapat subject (Nimbostratus clouds) dan
verb (are). JJuga terdapat verb (forebode) jadi terdapat dua clause. Dua clause butuh 1
connector. Jawaban yang benar ialah B. Which berfungsi sebagai connector sekaligus
sebagai subject dari verb (forebode). Materi ini masuk dalam materi "Adjective Clause".
10. _______ in several early civilizations, a cubit was based on the length of the forearm
from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow.
(A) It was used as a measurement
(B) A measurement was used
(C) The use of a measurement
(D) Used as a measurement
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Used as a measurement in several early civilizations (digunakan sebagai sebuah ukuran

di wal-awal peradaban silam), a cubit  <img

11. Only when air and water seep through its outer coat _______
(A) does a seed germinate
(B) to the germination of a seed
(C) a seed germinates
(D) for a seed to germinate
Pembahasan Jawaban: terdapat negative expression (only) di awal kalimat. Dalam TOEFL ini
mendandakan adanya inversion (pembalikan S + V --> V + S): Bentuk inversion umum dipakai dalam
bentuk question. Hanya pilihan jawaban A memenuhi syarat.

12. _______ seasonal rainfall, especially in regions near the tropics, is winds that blow in an opposite
direction in winter than in summer.
(A) Causing
(B) That cause
(C) To cause
(D) What causes
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan ialah subject untuk verb (is). Dari pilihan jawaban yang
memnuhi syarat secara structure dan meaning ialah pilihan jawaban D. Materi ini masuk dalam
katergori Noun Clause di mana noun clause bertindak sebagai subject kalimat. Pilhan jawaban A, B,
dan C semuanya bisa digunakan sebagai subject hanya saja tidak sesuai dg kontek kalimat di atas.
SAngat mudah dengan menggunakan pendekatan makna translation).

13. The extinct Martian volcano Olympus Mons is approximately three times as _______ Mount
Everest.
(A) high
(B) high as is
(C) higher than
(D) the highest of
Pembahasan Jawaban: as + adjective + as. Pilihan jawaban B yang terdapat as.

14. The flight instructor, _______ at the air base, said that orders not to fight had been given.
(A) when interviewed
(B) when he interviewed
(C) when his interview
(D) when interviewing
: Pilihan benar ialah A. when interviewed (ketika diwawancara).

15. In the northern and central parts of the state of Idaho _______ and churning rivers.
(A) majestic mountains are found
(B) found majestic mountains
(C) are found majestic mountains
(D) finding majestic mountains</img

1.The musical comedy Oklahoma did much to expand the potential of the musical stage,
and it encouraged others to attempt......
(a)original themes
(b)to original themes
(c)that were original themes
(d)how original themes
Pembahasan Jawaban: attempt (T) + Noun
--> Attempt (transitive verb)
--> Attempt + to infinitive
pilihan B salah karena to original themes bukan to infinitive.

2.Despite its fishlike form, the whale is......and will drown if submerged too long.
(a)an animal breathes air that
(b)an animal that breathes air
(c)an animal breathes air
(d)that an animal breathes air
Pembahasan Jawaban: Adjective Clause

3.The saguaro ,found in desert regions in the southwestern United States ,......cactus in
the world.
(a)is the largest
(b)the largest
(c)that is the largest
(d)the largest that is a
Pembahasan Jawaban: Superlative Degree

4. It is said that United Stales literature ____________ individuality and identity in

the twentieth century, after long imitation of European models.
(a)was achieved
(b)achieved
(c)to achieve
(d)achieving
Pembahasan Jawaban: Subject + Verb (Sentences with Multiple Clause
-Noun Clause)

5. Lucy Stone, ____________ first feminists in the United States, helped organize the
American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.
(a)the one
(b)who was the
(c)another
(d)one of the
Pembahasan Jawaban: one of the + plural nouns / Appositive

6. _______, including climate, mineral content, and the permanency of surface water,
wetlands may be mossy ,grassy , scrubby, or wooded.
(a)Depending on many factors
(b)Many factors depending on
(c)Factors depending on many
(d)On many factors depending
Pembahasan Jawaban: Sentences with one clause -Subject + Verb
Yang menjadi subject adalah gerund dan verb adalah may be

(7) Duke Ellington's orchestra, _______ his own often complex compositions, made
many innovations in jazz.
(a)he played
(b)playing
(c)that it played
(d)was playing
Pembahasan Jawaban: Present Participle (Adjective) / Reduction
in Adjective Clause

(8) The term "ice age" refers to any of several periods of time when glaciers covered
considerably more of Earth's surface _______.
(a)as is today
(b)than today is
(c)than they do today
(d)that today
Pembahasan Jawaban: Comparative degree 

(9)From colonial times ,United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the
theory......directly from services that the government could provide.
(a)property owners benefited so that
(b)why property owners benefited
(c)that if property owners benefited
(d)that property owners benefited
Pembahasan Jawaban:  Adjective Clause

(10)Helium is not flammable and, next to hydrogen, is......

(a)known the lightest gas
(b)lightest the known gas
(c)the lightest gas known
(d)the known gas lightest
Pembahasan Jawaban:  Superlative & Past participle

(11)Wild eagles that survive to adulthood are believed......from 20 to 30 years.

(a)live
(b)to live
(c)they live
(d)their living
Pembahasan Jawaban: Sentences with multiple clause / verb + to invinitive
(12)Portland, ......, is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas overlooking Casco Bay
and its many island.
(a)which Maine's largest city
(b)Maine's largest city where
(c)is Maine's largest city
(d)Maine's largest city
Pembahasan Jawaban: Appositive

13.......widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed

by the glass industry.
(a)Despite
(b)Whether
(c)Though
(d)Except for
Pembahasan Jawaban: Reduction in adverbial clause

14.Cells, first identified by the early microscopists, began to be considered ...... in the
nineteenth century.
(a)them as microcosm of living organisms
(b)the microcosm of living organisms
(c)the microcosm of living organisms to be
(d)as which ,the microcosm of living organisms
Pembahasan Jawaban: Consider + noun + noun/adjective
Contoh lain: 
I consider you an excellent student. --> an excellent student (noun)
I consider you intelligent. --> intelligent (adjective)

15.Like Jupiter, Saturn is a large, gaseous planet composed......of hydrogen and helium.
(a)it is mostly
(b)mostly
(c)almost
(d)both are almost

1. The ancestors of the horse lived ..... and were about half a meter tall.
(A) years ago 60 million
(B) 60 million years ago/
(C) ago 60 million years
(D) million years ago 60
2. The museum on Ellis Island, a former immigration station, contains documents and
artifacts......to four centuries of United States immigration.
(A) related them
(B) related/
(C) related that
(D) be related
3. _________, particularly the oxides of sulfur, greatly increases the rate at which rust
forms.
(A) The presence of air pollutants/
(B) Air pollutants are present
(C) Because the presence of air pollutants
(D) Air pollutants whose presence
4. The Sun, the Moon, and Earth have magnetic fields, and _________ evidence that
the stellar that extend through vast regions galaxies have fields of space.
(A) which is
(B) is
(C) because
(D) There is/
5. The “confederation school” poets of nineteenth-century Canada were primarily nature
poets, _________ a wealth of eulogies to Canadian rural life.
(A) and producing
(B) who they produced
(C) producing/
(D) whose production of
6. Since prehistoric people first applied natural pigments to cave walls, ______ have
painted to express themselves.
(A) when artists
(B) artists/
(C) artists who
(D) that artists
7. About 42 million bushels of oats are used annually ______ manufacture of breakfast
foods in the United States.
(A) the
(B) is the
(C) in the/
(D) to
8. Any acid can, in principle, neutralize any base, although ______ between some of the
more reactive compounds.
(A) side reactions can occur/
(B) the occurrence of side reactions can
(C) can side reactions occur
(D) side reactions that can occur
9. Just over two-thirds of Earth’s surface is covered by water, ...... more than 98 percent
of this water is contained in the oceans.
(A) with
(B) which
(C) and/
(D) resulting
10. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in shapes, colors, and materials .......to
handle and to sort them.
(A) that almost compel one/
(B) one compels
(C) that compel almost
(D) one is almost compelled
11. In 1978 the united States National Air and Space Administration selected Sally
Ride.......the first woman astronaut.
(A) who being
(B) to be/
(C) and being
(D) was
 12. Adhesions are ....... formed within the body in response to inflammation or injury.
(A) that thin bands of scar tissue
(B) they thin bands of scar tissue when
(C) thin bands of scar tissue/
(D) thin bands of scar tissue able to
13. The planet Neptune is about 30 times ...... from the Sun as Earth is.
(A) far
(B) as far/
(C) more far
(D) far that
14. Not until the 1850's ...... a few public-spirited citizens and state legislatures seek to
rescue historic buildings in the United States from destruction or alteration.
(A) both
(B) came
(C) did/
(D) when
15. ...... 200 bones forming the framework, or skeleton, of the human body.
(A) Being over
(B) There are over/
(C) Where over
(D) Over

1. Andy Warhol was —— in the Pop Art movement who was known for his multi-image
silk-screen paintings.
(A) that one of a leading figure
(B) a leading figure 
(C) leading figures
(D) who leads figures
Pembahasan Jawaban: Andy Warhol merupakan seorang figur terkenal (a leading
figure).
Tips: Di soal kita bisa identifikasi ada 2 clause:
1. Andy Warhol was —— in the Pop Art movement
2. who was known for his multi-image silk-screen paintings.
Clauseke dua kita lihat sudah lengkap (terdiri dari subjek dan kata kerja) jadi sudah
tidak ada masalah.
Clause pertama kita lihat terdapat subjek dan kata kerja yang belum lengkap. Dari
pilihan yang ada ada dua kemungkinan jawaban yang benar sesuai structure: jawaban B
dan jawaban C. Leading berfungsi sebagai kata sifat bukan kata kerja jadi sangat jelas
jawabannya ialah B. Soal ini juga mudah dijawab dengan menggunakan sistem
pemaknaan.

2. Even with vast research, there is still a great deal that is —— known about the
workings of the human brain.
(A) neither
(B) none
(C) no
(D) not
Pembahasan Jawaban: not + verb.

3. —— the United States consists of many different immigrant groups, many sociologists
believe there is a distinct national character.
(A) In spite of
(B) Despite
(C) Even though 
(D) Whether
Pembahasan Jawaban: yang kita butuhkan ialah connector kalimat (pilihan jawaban
C).
Tips: Di soal terdapat dua clause:
1. ___ the United States consists of many different immigrant groups,
2. many sociologists believe there is a distinct national character.
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang lengkap (terdiri dari subject dan verb). Jadi yang
kita butuhkan hanyalah konektor untuk menghubungkan ke dua clause di ata.
Prinsip: Jika dua clause maka kita butuh 1 connector untuk menghubungkannya: jika 3
clause maka kita butuh 2 connector dan begitu seterusnya. 
Dari pilihan jawaban hanya pilihan D dan C yang merupakan connector. Sementara
pilhan A dan B merupakan preposition. Dari segi makna sangat jelas pilihan jawabannya
ialah C.

4. Typically —— in meadows or damp woods and bloom in the spring.

(A) wild violets grow
(B) wild violets growth
(C) growing wild violets
(D) the growth of wild violets
Prinsip: Setiap kalimat mesti mempunyai minimal 1 kombinasi subject dan verb. 
Pembahasan Jawaban: Di soal di atas tidak terdapata subject dan verb. Jadi kita
butuhkan subject dan verb. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya pilihan jawaban A yang
mempunyai subject (wild violets) dan verb (grows).

5. The art works of Madlyn-Ann Woolwich are characterized by strong, dark colors and
fine attention to patterns of light —— the viewer’s eye.
(A) that attract
(B) when attracted
(C) which attraction
(D) attract to
Pembahasan Jawaban: Adjective Clause 

6. A grass-eating, river-dwelling mammal, the hippopotamus —— to the pig.

(A) being related
(B) is related 
(C) relate
(D) relating
Pembahasan Jawaban: Soal di atas kehilangan verb. Jadi kita butuh verb untuk
melengkapi kalimat. Hanya pilihan jawaban B dan C yang berisikan verb. Relate +
to (relate merupakan transitive verb yang membutuhkan object jadi tidak boleh ada to
menghalangi). Yang cocok ialah related + to (related to merupakan phrase yang sangat
umum digunakan).
7. Woodrow Wilson —— as governor of New Jersey before he was elected President of
the United States in 1912.
(A) to have served
(B) who has served
(C) serving
(D) served
Pembahasan Jawaban: Dari soal di atas kita bisa identifikasi terdapat dua clause dan
1 connector (before).
1. Woodrow Wilson —— as governor of New Jersey
2. he was elected President of the United States in 1912.
Kita lihat bahwa clause 1 kehilangan verb, jadi kita butuh verb dan di pilihan jawaban
hanya pilihan D yang menyediakan verb (utama).

8. —— fish in Great Salt Lake, but its waters do contain small brine shrimp.
(A) Why no
(B) No
(C) Not only
(D) There are no
Prinsip: Jika dua clause maka kita butuh 1 connector untuk menghubungkannya: jika 3
clause maka kita butuh 2 connector dan begitu seterusnya

9. An etude is a short musical composition written especially —— a particular technique.

(A) enable students practicing
(B) enables students practicing
(C) enable students to practice
(D) to enable students to practice
Pembahasa Jawaban: subject dan verb sudah terdapat pada soal jadi kita hanya butuh
pelengkap (complement) tidak butuh lagi verb (utama). Di pilihan A, B, dan C terdapat
verb (utama). To infinitive (to enable) merupakan contoh sebuah complement.

10. Seldom —— games been of practical use in playing real games.

(A) theories of mathematics
(B) theorized as mathematics
(C) has the mathematical theory of
(D) the mathematical theory has
Pembahasan Jawaban: Inversion (pembalikan). Subject + Verb ---> Verb + Subject.
Seldom (negative expression) merupakan sala satu karakteristik dari bentuk inversion.

11. The city of Kalamazoo, Michigan, derives its name from a Native American word —–
“bubbling springs.”
(A) meant
(B) meaning 
(C) that it meant
(D) whose meaning
Pembahasan Jawaban: present participle

12. Jet propulsion involves —— of air and fuel, which forms a powerful exhaust.
(A) a mixture of ignited
(B) to ignite a mixture
(C) a mixture of igniting
(D) the ignition of a mixture
Pembahasan Jawaban: involves + object (noun). Untuk lebih mudah perhatikan kata
of <-- noun + of.

13. Salt is manufactured in quantities that exceed those of most ——– other commercial
chemicals.
(A) of all not
(B) not if all are
(C) are not all
(D) if not all
Pembahasan Jawaban: Soal ini mempunyai dua klausa yang telah dilebur menjadi 1.
1. Salt is manufactured in quantities that exceed those of most other commercial
chemicals.
2. Salt is manufactured in quantities that exceed all of most other commercial chemicals.
Soal ini juga dengan mudah bisa dijawab dengan menggunakan pendekatan makna /
translation.

14. The United States consists of fifty states, ——- has its own government.
(A) each of which
(B) each they
(C) they each
(D) each of
Pembahasan Jawban: Adjetive clause --> each of which yang menjelaskan states.

15. Though smaller than our solar system, a quasar, which looks like an ordinary star,
emits more light —— galaxy.
(A) than an entire 
(B) entirely as
(C) that the entire
(D) entirely than

l. The upper branches of the tallest trees produce more leaves -------other branches.
(A) than do 
(B) than does
(C) than they do
(D) than it does

2. No one -----------projections of demographic shifts are reliable and will prove to be

valid in the future.
(A) know how
(B) knows whether 
(C) knows even
(D) know who

3. Senior executives often receive bonuses when their profit targets are reached
or---------
(A) surpass
(B) surpasses
(C) surpassed 
(D) surpassing

4. Since the 1970s, riding bicycles......... in the United States.

(A) becomes increasingly widespread
(B) become increasingly widely spread
(C) has become increasingly widespread 
(D) has increased and becomes spread widely

5. Horseradish has extended stems and a large root that is grated ......... a spicy food
sauce.
(A) to making
(B) to make 
(C) to be made
(D) to the making

6. Vitamin A maintains the sharpness of human vision .........and promotes healthy

bones.
(A) at night 
(B) of the night
(C) for the night
(D) nighttime

7. ........., often used in children's poetry and rhymes, are a result of words used in
ambiguous contexts.
(A) Humorous and misunderstood
(B) Misunderstand humorously
(C) Humorous misunderstandings 
(D) Misunderstanding its humor

8. Modern scanning technology enables physicians to identify brain disorder

earlier ......... than in the past.
(A) and more accurate
(B) and more accurately 
(C) accurate and more
(D) accurately and more

9. Educational toys and games give children an opportunity to enjoy

themselves--------------.
(A) while their learning
(B) while learning 
(C) are they learning
(D) and they are learning

10. William Hazlitt's essays, written in ----------- style, appeared between 1821 and 1822.
(A) vigorously and informally
(B) vigorous and informally
(C) vigor and informality
(D) vigorous and informal 

11. Wild hogs inhabited Europe and other parts of the world .........6 million years ago.
(A) as long
(B) as long as 
(C) then it was
(D) than it was

12. Electrically charged particles exert a magnetic force on one another even -------- not
in physical contact.
(A) if there are
(B) they are
(C) if they are 
(D) are they

13. F. Scott Fitzgerald's early literary success led to extravagant living and ---------- a
large income.
(A) a need for 
(B) to need for
(C) needed for
(D) for he needed

14. Water fire extinguishers must never be used for fires that involve---------
(A) electrically equipped
(B) equipment, electrically
(C) electricity equipped
(D) electrical equipment 

15. By the 1300s, the Spanish had learned that gunpowder could -------- propel an object
with incredible force.
(A) use to
(B) be used to 
(C) been used to
(D) using it to

1. Fort Niagara was built by the French in 1726 on land ….the Seneca Indians.
a. They buy from
b. bought from 
c. buying from
d. was bought from

2. Soil texture depends on the proportions of clay and sand particles, ……soil porosity.
a. both alter
b. which alter 
c. where altered
d. although altered.
3. The writers of the realist movement embraced the notion that art should depict life…..
a. accurately and objectively
b. accuracy and objectivity
c. accurate and objective
d. accurate objectivity

4. A ratio is a comparison of …….whole or a part to another part.

a. part to the
b. a part to
c. a part to the 
d. the part to the

5. The bones of the elderly are more prone to fractures and splintering …..of young
people.
a. than that
b. than those 
c. those than
d. that than

6. English and Scottish settlers………..Belfast as a trading post in 1613.

a. they established
b. established themselves
c. established 
d. establishing

7. The formulation of economic policies necessitates meticulous consideration…..large

segments of the population.
a. because they affect 
b. they are affected because
c. affect them because
d. because affecting them

8. Only…..feathered creatures inhabit the Arctic region year around.

a. fewer
b. fewer than
c. as few as
d. a few

9. Before Richard Bennet accepted the appointment as the prime minister of Canada in
1930, he…..as a lawyer.
a. had achieved a successful
b. had been achieved successfully
c. has achieved success
d. had achieved success

10. Gardeners transplant bushes and flowers by moving them from one place to …..
a. other
b. others
c. another
d. each other

11. Museums of natural history are ordinarily ……by special interest groups created for
that purpose.
a. owned and operated 
b. they own and operate
c. owning and operating
d. the owner operates

12. A surge in the level of stress……….the recurrence of nightmares.

a. apparent increase
b. apparently increase
c. apparently increases 
d. apparent increase

13. Each bowler ………..in each frame, unless a strike is bowled.

a. rolling the ball twice
b. the ball is rolled twice
c. rolls the ball twice 
d. the ball rolls twice

14. William Hearst had five sons,……………eventually became executives in the Hearts
newspaper conglomerate.
a. all of them
b. of them all
c. all of whom 
d. who of all

15. An axiomatic assumption in physics holds that all matter has kinetic
energy……….motion and mass.
a. because its
b. because of its 
c. because it is
d. because of it

1. George did not do well in the class because _______________

A. he studied bad
B. he was not good studywise
C. he was a badly student
D. he failed to study properly/

2. This university's programs __________________ those of Harvard.

A. come second after
B. are second only to/
C. are first except for
D. are in second place from

3. The more she worked _____________________

A. the less she achieved/
B. she achieved not enough
C. she did not achieve enough
D. she was achieving less

4. _____________ the best car to buy is a Mercedes Benz.

A. Because of its durability and economy,/
B. Because it lasts a long time, a it is very economical.,
C. Because of its durability and it is economical,
D. Because durably and economywise it is better than all the others,

5. When Henry arrived home after a hard day at work, ______________

A. his wife was sleeping/
B. his wife slept
C. his wife has slept
D. his wife has been sleeping

6. He gave ________________________
A. to the class s a tough assignment
B. the class a tough assignments/
C. a tough assignment for the class
D. an assignment very tough to the class

7. People all over the world are starving __________________________

A. greater in numbers
B. in most numbers
C. more numerously
D. in greater numbers/

8. It was not until she arrived in class__________ realized she had forgotten her book
A. when she
B. and she
C. that she/
D. She

9. John has not been able to recall where ____________________

A. does she live
B. she lives/
C. did she live
D. lived the girl

10. Ben would have studied medicine if he___________to a medical school.

A. could be able to enter
B. had been admitted/
C. was admitted
D. were admitted

11. He entered a university_________________

A. when he had sixteen years
B. when sixteen years were his age
C. at the age of sixteen/
D. at age sixteen years old

12. The jurors were told to _________________________

A. talk all they wanted
B. make lots of expressions
C. speak freely/
D. talk with their minds open

13. Those students do not like to read novels_________test books.

A. in any case
B. forgetting about
C. leaving out of the question
D. much less/

14. He____________looked forward to the new venture.

A. eagerly/
B. with great eagernes
C. eagernessly
D. in a state of increasing eagerness

15. The families were told to evacuate their houses immediately _____.
A. at the time when the water began to go up to
B. when the water began to rise/
C. when up was going the water
D. in the time when the water raised

1.      I understand that the governor is considering a new proposal ______________

a.       What would eliminate unnecessary writing in government
b.      Who wants to cut down on the amount of writing in government
c.       That would eliminate unnecessary paperwork in government/
d.      To cause that the amount of papers written in government offices will be reduced

2.      The doctor told his receptionist that he would return ________________

a.       As early as it would be possible
b.      At the earliest that it could be possible
c.       As soon as possible/
d.      At the nearest early possibility

3.      George belongs to the _____________________

a.       Class of the upper middle
b.      Upper middle class/
c.       Class from the center up
d.      High medium class

4.      A good student must know ___________________________

a.       To study hard
b.      To be a good student
c.       How to student effectively/
d.      The way of efficiency in study

5.      Jane changed her major from French to business,_________________

a.       With hopes to be able easier to locate employment
b.      Hoping she can easier get a job
c.       With the hope for being able to find better a job
d.      Hoping to find a job more easily/

6.      He has received several scholarships _____________________

a.       Not only because of his artistic but his academic ability
b.      For both his academic ability as well as his artistic
c.       Because of his academic and artistic ability/
d.      As resulting of his ability in the art and the academic

7.      Harvey will wash the clothes, ________________

a.       Iron the shirt, prepare the meal dusting the furniture
b.      Running the shirt preparing the meal, and dusting the furniture
c.       Iron the shirt, prepare the meal, and dusting the furniture/
d.      To iron the shirt, prepare the meal, and dust the furniture

8.      _________________ that new information to anyone else but the sergeant.

a.       They asked him not to give/
b.      They asked him to don’t give
c.       They asked him no give
d.      They asked him to no give

9.      _________________ he would have signed his name in the corner.

a.       If he painted that picture
b.      If he paints that picture
c.       If he had painted that picture/
d.      If he would have painted that picture

10.  The doctor insisted that his patient ______________

a.       That he not work too hard for three months
b.      Take it easy for three months/
c.       Taking it easy inside of the three months
d.      To take some vacations for three months

11.  The manager was angry because somebody ______________

a.       Had allowed the photographers to enter the building/
b.      Had let photographers to enter into the building
c.       Permitting the photographers enter the building
d.      The photographers let into the building without the proper documentations

12.  Richard was asked to withdraw from graduate school because ____________
a.       They believed he was not really able to complete research
b.      He was deemed incapable of completing his research/
c.       It was decided that he was not capable to complete the research
d.      His ability to finish the research was not believed or trusted

13.  The committee members resented __________

a.       The president that he did not tell them about the meeting
b.      The president not to inform them of the meeting
c.       The president’s not informing them of the meeting/
d.      That the president had failed informing themselves that there was going to be a
meeting

14.  _____________ did Arthur realize that there was danger.

a.       Upon entering the store
b.      When he entered the store
c.       After he had entered the store
d.      Only after entering the store/

15.  The rabbit scurried away in fright __________________

a.       When it heard the movement in the bushes/
b.      The movement among the bushes having been heard
c.       After it was hearing moving inside of the bushes
d.      When he has heard that something moved in the bush

1. The Cyclist _______ he crossed the main street

(A) Looked with caution after.
(B) Had looked cautiously before./
(C) Was looked cautions when.
(D) looks cautious when.

2. Here_______ notebook and report that I promised you last week

(A) Is the.
(B) Are the./
(C) Was the.
(D) Has been a.

3. Neither Jane nor her brothers _______ a consent from for tomorrow's field    Trip
(A) Need./
(B) Needs.
(C) Is needing.
(D) Has need.
4. Cuba is _______  sugar-growing areas in the world
(A) One of the larger.
(B) One of largest.
(C) One of the largest./
(D) Largest.

5. The skiers would rather _______ through the mountains than go by bus

(A) To travel on train.
(B) Traveled by train.
(C) Travel by train./
(D) Travelling by the train.

6. That magnificent _______ temple was constructed by the Chinese

(A) eight-centuries-old.
(B) Eight-centuries’s-old.
(C) Old-eight centuries.
(D) eight-century-old./

7. There were two small rooms in the beach house,  _______ served as as a kitchen.

(A) The smaller of which/
(B) The Smallest of which.
(C) The Smaller of them.
(D) Smallest of that.

8. Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and _______                    

(A) So do their children.
(B) Neither did the children.
(C) Also the Childs.
(D) Had he studied more./

9. Mr. Duncan _______ his brother, who has a better position.

(A) Twice as much as./
(B) Twice more than.
(C) Twice as many as.
(D) Twice as more as.

10.  _______, he would have been able to pass the exam.

(A) If he studied more.
(B) If he were studying to a greater degree.
(C) Studying more
(D) He had studied more./

11. Mr. Duncan does not know _______ the lawn mower after they had finished using
it.
(A) When did they put.
(B) When they did put.
(C) Where they put./
(D) Where to put.

12. The facilities of the older hospital  _______                                            

(A) is as good of better than the new hospital.
(B) Are as good or better than the new hospital.
(C) Are as good as or better than the new hospital.
(D) Are as good as or better than those of the new hospital./

13. Our flight from Amsterdam to London was delayed _______.

(A) Write a composition on their./
(B) To write composition about the.
(C) wrote some composition of his or her.
(D) Had written any composition for his.

14. The teacher suggested that her students _______ experiences with ESP.

(A) Write a composition on their./
(B) To write composition about the.
(C) wrote some composition of his or her.
(D) Had written any composition for his.

15. Of the two new teachers, one is experienced and _______

(A) The others are not.
(B) Another is inexperienced.
(C) The other is not./
(D) Other lacks experience.

1. After the funeral, the residents of the apartment building __________.

(a) sent faithfully flowers all weeks to the cemetery.
(b) sent to the cemetery each week flowers faithfully.
(c) sent flowers faithfully to the cemetery each week.
(d) sent each week faithfully to the cemetery flowers.
Pembahasan Jawaban: Verb + Object. Di antara subject dan object tidak boleh ada
yang menghalangi. Sent (verb) + flowers (object)

2. Because the first pair of pants did not fit properly, he asked for __________.
(a) another pants                               (c) the others one
(b) other pants                                  (d) another pair.
Pembahasan Jawaban: 'another pair' ---> the first pair of pants
Pronoun Preference

3. The committee has met and __________.

(a) they have reached a decision.
(b) it has formulated themselves some opinions.
(c) its decision was reached at.
(d) it has reached a decision.
Pembahasan Jawaban: it --> the commitee
Pronoun Preference

4. Alfred adams has not __________.

(a) lived lonelynessly in times previous.
(b) never before lived sole.
(c) ever lived alone before.
(d) before lived without the company of his friends.
Pembahasan Jawaban: Sangat jelas

5. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; __________.

(a) he should study last night.
(b) he should have studied last night.
(c) he must have studied last night.
(d) he must had to study last night.
Pembahasan Jawaban: (c) he must have studied last night (Dia pasti sudah belajar
tadi malam)

6. Henry will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because __________.
(a) he must to teach a class. (c) of he will teach a class.
(b) he will be teaching a class. (d) he will have teaching a class.
Pembahasan Jawaban: (b) he will be teaching a class (dia akan sedang mengajar)
Pilihan A salah karena modal tidak boleh ketemu to
Pilihan  C salah karena 'because of' merupakan prepoisition yang butuh object 'phrase'
bukan clause.
Pilihan D salah karena yang dia maksud ialah 'he will have taught a class'

7. Having been served lunch, __________.

(a) the problem was discussed by the members of the committee.
(b) the committee members discussed the problem.
(c) it was discussed by the committee members the problem.
(d) a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee.
Pembahasan Jawaban:  Having been served lunch (seusai dihidangkan makan
malam)
Yang dihidangkan ialah 'the committee'

8. Florida has not yet ratified the equal rights amendment, and __________.
(a) several other states hasn’t either.
(b) neither has some of the others states.
(c) some other states also have not either.
(d) neither have several other states
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Pola sederhana: neither have I; neither has he.

9. The chairman request that __________.

(a) the member studied more carefully the problem.
(b) the problem was more carefulnessly studied.
(c) with more carefulness the problem could be studied.
(d) the members study the problem more carefully.
Pembahasan Jawaban: requested that + subject + Verb 1 murni
Subjunctive

10. California relies heavily on income from fruit crops, and __________.
(a) Florida also.                                          (c) Florida is as well
(b) Florida too.                                            (d) so does Florida
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Pola sederhana: so do I; so does he

11. The professor said that __________.

(a) the student can turn over their report on the Monday.
(b) the report on Monday could be received form the students by him.
(c) the students could hand in their reports on Monday.
(d) the student will on Monday the reports turn in.
Pembahasan Jawaban: said (past) --> could (past)

12. This year will be difficult for this organization because __________.
(a)they have less money and volunteers than they had last year.
(b) it has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year.
(c) the last year it did not have as few and little volunteers and money.
(d) there are fewer money and volunteers that in the last year there were.
Pembahasan Jawaban: it --> this organization

13. The teachers have had some problem deciding __________.

(a)when to the students they shall return the final papers.
(b) when are they going to return to the students the final papers.
(c) when they should return to the final papers to the students.
(d) the time when the final papers they should return for the students.
Pembahasan Jawaban: Verb + object: deciding (verb) + when they should return to
the final papers to the students (object)

14. She wanted to serve some coffee to her guests; however, __________.
(a) she hadn’t many sugar.
(b) there was not great amount of the sugar.
(c) she did not have much sugar.
(d) she was lacking in amount of the sugar.
Pembahasan Jawaban:

15. There has not been a great response to the sale, __________?
(a) does there (b) hasn’t there (c) hasn’t it (d) has there

1. The attorney told his client that _________________________

A. They had little chance of winning the case./
B. The case was of a small chance to win
C. It was nearly impossible to win him the case.
D. The case had a minimum chance to be won by him.

2. One of the professor’s greatest attributes is _______________

A. when he gives lectures
B. how in the manner that he lectures
C. the way to give lectures
D. his ability to lecture/

3. The bank sent a notice to its customers which contained _______________

A. a remembrance that interest rate were to raise the following month
B. a reminder that a raise in interest rates was the month following
C. to remember that interest rates were going up next month
D. a reminder that interest rates would rise the following month./

4. ______________ was the day before yesterday.

A. The France’s Independence Day
B. The day of the French independence
C. French’s Independence Day
D. France’s Independence Day/

5. It was not until she had arrived home ______________ remembered her
appointment with the doctor.
A. when she
B. that she/
C. and she
D. she

6. George would certainly have attended the proceedings ________________

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire
B. if the flat tire hadn’t happended.
C. had he not had a flat tire/
D. had the tire not flattened itself.

7. _______________ received law degrees as today.

A. Never so many women have
B. Never have so many women/
C. The women aren’t ever
D. Women who have never

8. The students liked that professor’s course because _____________________

A. there was few if any homework
B. not a lot of homework
C. of there wasn’t a great amount of homework
D. there was little or no homework./

9. George ______________ he could improve his test scores, but he didn’t have
enough time to study.
A. knew to
B. knew how/
C. knew how that
D. knew how to

10. _________________ he would have come to class.

A. If Mike is able to finish his homework
B. Would Mike be able to finish his homework
C. If Mike could finish his homework
D. If Mike had been able to finish his homework./

11. Lee contributed fifty dollars, but he wishes he could contribute _______________
A. one other fifty dollars
B. the same amount also
C. another fifty/
D. more fifty dollars

12. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware
_____________ she had gone.
A. where that
B. of where/
C. of the place where
D. the place

13. Fred’s yearly income since he changed professions has _________________

A. nearly tripled/
B. got almost three times bigger
C. almost grown by three times
D. just about gone up three times

14. Nancy hasn’t begun working on her Ph.D, ________________ working on her
master’s.
A. still because she is yet
B. yet as a result she is still
C. yet because she is still/
D. still while she is already

15. The director of this organization must know _____________________

A. money management, selling, and able to satisfy the stockholders
B. how to manage money, selling his product, and be able to satisfy the stockholders
C. how to manage money, sell his product, and satisfy the stockholders/
D. money management, selling, the idea of being able to satisfy the stockholders.
1. Captain Henry,_____________ crept slowly through the underbrush.
A. being remote from the enemy,
B. attempting to not encounter the enemy,
C. trying to avoid the enemy,/
D. not involving himself in the enemy,

2. Tommy was one ____________________

A. of the happy childs of his class
B. of the happiest child in the class
C. child who was the happiest of all the class
D. of the happiest children in the class/

3._____________ he began to make friends more easily.

A. Having entered school in the new city, it was found that
B. After entering the new school,/
C. When he had been entering the new school,
D. Upon entering into the new school,

4. It is very difficult to stop the cultivation of marijuana because _____________

A. it grows very carelessly
B. or it`s growth without attention
C. it grows well with little care/
D. it doesn`t care much to grow

5. The fact that space exploration has increased dramatically in the past thirty
___________
A. is an evidence of us wanting to know more of our solar system
B. indicates that we are very eager to learn all we can about our solar system/
C. how we want to learn more about the solar system
D. is pointing to evidence of our intention to know a lot more about what is called our
solar system

6. Many of the current international problems we are now facing _______________

A. linguistic incompetencies
B. are the result of misunderstandings/
C. are because of not understanding themselves
D. lacks of the intelligent capabilities of understanding each other

7. Mr.Roberts is a noted chemist_____________

A. as well as an effective teacher/
B. and too a very efficient teacher
C. but he teaches very good in addition
D. however he teaches very good also

8. Public television stations are different from commercial stations

__________________
A. because they receive money differently and different types of shows
B. for money and program types
C. in the areas of funding and programming/
D. because the former receives money and has programs differently from the latter

9. Manufacturers often sacrifice quality _______________________ -

A. for a larger profit margin/
B. in place of to earn more money
C. to gain more quantities of money
D. and instead earn a bigger amount of profit

10. Automobile production in the United States ____________

A. have taken slumps and rises in recent years
B. has been rather erratic recently/
C. has been erratically lately
D. are going up and down all the time

11. A major problem in the construction of new buildings _______________

A. is that windows have been eliminates while air conditioning systems have not been
perfected/
B. is they have eliminated windows and still don't have good air conditioning
C. is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners don't work good
D. is dependent on the fact that while they have eliminated windows, they are not
capable to produce efficient air conditioning systems

12.John said that no other car could go ______________

A. so fast like his car
B. as fast like his car
C. as fast like the car of him
D. as fast as his car/

13. Her grades have improved, but only ________________

A. in a small amount
B. very slightly/
C. minimum
D. some

14. While attempting to reach his home before the storm,_______________

A. the bicycle of John broke down
B. it happened that John's bike broke down
C. the storm caught John
D. John had an accident on his bicycle/

15. The changes in this city have occurred _________________

A. with swiftness
B. rapidly/
C. fastly
D. in rapid ways

1.  Amanda Way's career as a social reformer____ in 1851 when, at an antislavery

meeting in Indiana, she called for a state woman's rights convention.
(A) begin
(B) began/
(C) have begun
(D) to have begun

2.  The celesta, an orchestral percussion instrument, resembles___.

(A) a small upright piano/
(B) how a small upright piano
(C) a small upright piano is
(D) as a small upright piano

3. Thomas Paine, _____, wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet that identified the
American colonies with the cause of liberty.
(A) writer of eloquent
(B) whose eloquent writing
(C) an eloquent writer/
(D) writing eloquent

4. Although beavers rarely remain submerged for more than two minutes, they can stay
underwater ___fifteen minutes before having to surface for air.
(A) as long
(B) as long as/
(C) so long
(D) so long that

5. Protein digestion begins in the stomach ____ends in the small intestine.

(A) while
(B) and/
(C) how
(D) because

6. When natural gas burns, its___ into atoms of carbon and hydrogen.
(A) hydrocarbon molecules, breaking up
(B) broke up by hydrocarbon molecules
(C) hydrocarbon molecules break up/
(D) broken up hydrocarbon molecules

7. _____ ballet dancers learn five basic positions for the arms and feet.
(A) All of
(B) Of every
(C) All/
(D) Every

8. Some colonies of bryozoans, small marine animals, form ___with trailing stems.
(A) creeping colonies/
(B) which colonies creep
(C) creeping colonies are
(D) colonies creep

9. Ruth Bader Ginsburg argued six women's rights cases before the United States
Supreme Court in the 1970's,____
(A) of five winning them
(B) five winning of them
(C) of them five winning
(D) winning five of them/

10. Natural selection is defined as the process ___the course of evolution by preserving
those traits best adapted for an organism's survival.
(A) to which directs
(B) of which directs it
(C) directs it
(D) that directs/

11. ____ 363 miles between the cities of Albany and Buffalo in New York State, the Eric
Canal helped link the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes.
(A) The extension of
(B) The extension
(C) Extending/
(D) Extends

12.The chief sources of B12, a water-soluble vitamin ____ stored in the body, include
meat, milk and eggs.
(A) is not
(B) that is not/
(C) not that is
(D) that not

13. ____ is rooted in experiments in iron and steel conducted in the nineteenth century.
(A) While the history of twentieth-century architecture
(B) The history of twentieth-century architecture/
 (C) That the history of twentieth-century architecture
(D) Both twentieth-century architecture and its history

14.The primary source of energy for tropical cyclones is the latent heat released when
____
(A) does water vapor condense
(B) condensed water vapor
(C) water vapor condenses/
(D) the condensation of water vapor

15. Maufacturing is Canada's most important economic activity, ____17 percent of the
workforce.
(A) engages
(B) and to engage
(C) that it engage
(D) engaging/

1. Vegetables are an excellent source ________ vitamins.

A. A. have
B. B. of/
C. C. where
D. D. contain

2. Microscopes make small things appear larger than ________.

A. A. really are
B. B. are really
C. C. are they really
D. D. they really are/

3. The city of Montreal ________ on an island in the Saint Lawrence River.

A. A. was built/
B. B. has built
C. C. that built
D. D. built

4. A singer's struggle to succeed in popular music is the kind of story ________

a fascinating film could be made.
A. A. with
B. B. by
C. C. for whom
D. D. about which/
1. Thomas Jefferson served as president of the American Philosophical Society, ____
organization that encouraged of scientific and intellectual research.

Pilihan jawaban:

a. ranging wide
b. a wide range
c. which ranged widely
d. a widely ranging

Jawaban yang tepat dari pilihan di atas adalah adjective yang bisa menerangkan
organisasi American Philosophical Society. Dengan demikian jawaban yang tepat adalah
(B).

2. ____ that Rachel Carson’s 1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of
inspiration for the development of the nontoxic pesticides.

Pilihan jawaban:

a. there is likely
b. likely to be
c. it is likely
d. likely

Kalimat awal harus diikuti dengan subjek sehingga pilihan yang paling logis dari
keempat pilihan jawaban tersebut adalah (C) dengan susunan kata lengkap yaitu “it is
likely”.

3. Associated with the Denishawn company from 1916 until 1923, Martha Graham
developed a powerful, ____ that was integral to the foundations of modern dance.

Pilihan jawaban:

a. expressively stylish
b. a style expressive
c. stylishly expressive
d. expressive style

Kata sifat atau adjective yang tepat untuk mengisi bagian kosong di atas adalah (D)
karena menjelaskan bagaimana gaya menari Martha Graham dengan format yang tepat.

4. The best known books of Ross Macdonald, ____ writer of detective novels, feature the
character Lew Archer, a private detective.

Pilihan jawaban:

a. is the
b. is an
c. they are by
d. the

“the” adalah kata yang tepat untuk mengisi bagian kosong dalam pertanyaan tersebut
karena merupakan anak kalimat yang menjelaskan kalimat di awal. Tidak perlu diberi
tambahan to be lagi. Dengan demikian jawaban yang tepat adalah (D).

1. , probably ____, came into widespread use after the Second World War.

Pilihan jawaban:

a. an antibiotic of known
b. was known the antibiotic
c. the best-known antibiotic
d. known best antibiotic

Jawaban yang tepat untuk pertanyaan di atas adalah (C) karena merupakan kata sifat
atau adjective yang menjelaskan tentang Pennicilin yang dikenal paling populer di
antara antibiotik lainnya.
2. Millions of people around the world ____ to clean drinking water.

Pilihan jawaban:

a. do not have access

b. do not to have access
c. can not have access
d. should not have access

Format yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat di atas adalah (A) karena modal verb
digunakan sesuai dengan konteks. Sementara jawaban lainnya bias dan kurang sesuai
dengan konteks.

3. Total color blindness, ____, is the result of a defect in the retina.

Pilihan jawaban:

a. a rare condition that

b. a rare condition
c. that a rare condition
d. is a rare condition

Jawaban dari pertanyaan di atas adalah (B) karena merupakan kata benda atau noun
yang menjelaskan tentang buta warna total sebagai sebuah kondisi yang langka.
Sementara pilihan lainnya tidak sesuai karena ada struktur paralel yang tidak perlu kata
“that”.