Language dictionaries can include:

 pronunciation guides(transcription of the word, online dictionaries also have a recording

that you can listen to);

 etymological information (the origin and history of words)

 part of speech(one of the grammatical groups, such as noun, verb, and adjective, into
which words are divided depending on their use);

 sample sentences (to show how this word can be used in a sentence or in a phrase,
idioms);

 alternate spelling (different variants of spelling: adviser / advisor);

 hyphenation information (the usage of a punctuation mark to join words and to separate
syllables of a single word);

 usage notes (collocations, grammar point, language bank, British / American usage);

 thesaurus (synonyms and related words);

 related forms of different parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective and adverb);

 links to specialized dictionaries ( economic, medical, psychological, business and other

dictionaries).

Other differences show up in other features. Many dictionaries include their experts' guidance on
grammar, usage, and the history of the English language. Definitions differ slightly, and sample
sentences may be the work of the editorial staff or taken from real-world usage, perhaps the first
known written use, when possible.

 Correct spelling
 Synonyms
 IPA pronunciation/ phonemic transcript (
 Alternative words/thesaurus
 Correct usage in phrases and sentences/ Idioms (formal/informal)
 Occurrence as a verb phrase
 Word class (noun, verb used with object, verb used without object)
 Origin (Middle English, Old French)
 Related forms (adjective, verb)
 Related words
 Links to medical, biblical, or slang dictionaries (online)
For your final task in this section, you should write about 250 words on why you think
phonology is such an important part of English language teaching in the box below.

Phonology is an essential and most important aspect of learning English. With

phonology you're looking at the basic speech sounds of a language and it is
important for a language teacher to have a good knowledge of these as they
are the building blocks of language.

Phonology is a study of the sound system of a particular language. It includes

stress, rhythm and intonation. I think that all these are substantially
important because learners can understand foreign speakers and make a
correct response in a dialogue. Through some time it will make students’
English language skill, particularly speaking skill, more fluently and more
natural.

The English language is not written phonetically and this causes many
pronunciation problems for students when they encounter new language.
That’s why every teacher should know phonology and be a good model of
right English production.

Spending time working on phonetic problems students will make their speech
clearer, which in turn, will allow them to understand English better and
therefore do them more effective communicators. They will become more
confident and proud of their language production. It’s a successful way to
improve speaking skills of English.

So, a basic knowledge of phonology for both teachers and learners is an

essential part of language teaching and learning. With plenty of materials
available for the teaching of phonics this is an aspect of language which is both
fun and rewarding to teach and learners will benefit greatly with improved
language skills.

A good teacher will not only need to have a thorough knowledge of the
phonology of English but also of their students’ mother tongue. This
knowledge is invaluable as it will let you know what kind of problems your
students will have when attempting to produce new language. Predicting
these problems will influence how English can be presented to leaners.
Furthermore,

And phonology deals with element of sounds. This element of sounds includes phonetics, place
of articulation, manner of articulation, stress, pitch, and intonation. Furthermore, learning
phonology will help teacher minimizing errors in pronouncing and articulating English words.

Stress is important for the full understanding of n and correct production. It

can help the listener to know what the speaker is trying to say and imply.
Rhythm, then, is a product of sentence stress and what happens to the words
and sounds between the stresses. And intonation is a variation in volume and
pitch in a whole sentence. Intonation is important in questioning, agreeing
and confirming sentences. All this aspects are of second language. I think
introducing pitch, stress, and intonation to the students are very important because

Furthermore, spending classroom time working on specific problems your students have with the
English phonotic system will make their speech clearer, which in turn will make them more easily
understood and therefore more effective communicators, which in turn will make them more confident
and proud of their Language production - always a good thing!!

The English language is not written phonetically and this causes many pronounciation problems for
students when they encounter new language in its written form - how to pronounce it?! Dictionaries are
brilliant books and a good one will always give the pronounciation of the word in the phonetic script.
Teaching the phonetic script to students thus gives them access to the pronounciation of a word without
the need to hear a model example from a native speaker - great learner autonomy!

So a basic knowledge of phonology for both teachers and learners is an essential part of language
teaching and learning.
This can be done as an intricated feature of general language imput and presentation or as stand alone
lessons. With plenty of materials available for the teaching of phonics this is an aspect of language which
is both fun and rewarding to teach and your learners will benefit greatly with improved language skills.

In English language learning, it is important for EFL teacher to teach students on how to
pronounce English words correctly. This is because mispronouncing the words will mislead the
listener. Therefore, EFL teacher must be familiar with the phonology in English language.

Phonology is science that studies sounds in particular language. This area of language is very
important, particularly for EFL teachers because many of them mispronounced the English
words and planted them on the students. For example, the word “great” which is supposed to be
pronounced /greit/ is pronounced /grit/, the word ‘answer’ which is supposed to be
pronounced /ænsə/ pronounced / ænswə /. Therefore, in pronouncing English words, EFL
teachers must be familiar with places of articulation in English such as: stop, fricative,
affricative, nasal, and liquid. Moreover, the EFL teacher must know the manner of articulation as
well such as: glide, labial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, velar, and glottal. Moreover, since
1888, an effort has been made to create a universal system for transcribing the sound of speech
to help the linguists transcribing languages consistently and accurately. This system is famously
known as The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) (O’Grady and Archibald 2005).

By knowing these features, teacher will be able to minimize the errors in pronouncing English
words. Further, phonology is not always about pronouncing English correctly but it also covers
stress, pitch and intonation. Stress, pitch, and intonation in English give different color to the
words uttered. For instance, in conversation, to form question, it is not necessarily required in
form of question. For instance “so, you are leaving?” I think introducing pitch, stress, and
intonation to the students are very important because it will make their English language skill
particularly speaking skill more fluently and more natural. However, in determining the stress,
teachers should be careful since it will change the class of the word or it will even change the
meaning of the word. For instance, the word /record/ for noun and /record/ for verb are both
pronounced differently. In accordance with this statement, in Contemporary Linguistics an
Introduction edited by William O’ Grady and John Archibald stated that intonation is very often
serve to transfer a wide-ranging meaningful information (O’Grady and Archibald 2005, 39).

All in all, learning phonology will contribute a great deal of help for ESL teachers, for
phonology deals with element of sounds. This element of sounds includes phonetics, place of
articulation, manner of articulation, stress, pitch, and intonation. Furthermore, learning
phonology will help teacher minimizing errors in pronouncing and articulating English words.