Date "hos large ro. of projecting. poles raving thei crt bolted or_dove- tailed _ofto_a heavy magnetic whe¢] of cast iro or skel of good magnetic quality *charadrired by large diameter and short axial 2 Non=Salient Type! smooth cylincrical color conctraction. “solid ‘oad 2 “slo. orc ied. out-at inkerval along. 4h _-_piriphery 7 - ae designed. mostiy for 4 poke ort pok) ‘urbo_ generators. seoorpn —\B00rpm the cylindrical construction of the. ror gives. peer balance, ond quite |more cilent opmatioh and alsa Ie _windage los chorocorxed by small diamcler and very ng axial tengin wie ssi che ho wa Bionic Date pA Anmoctiseue windings copper loots which are. chort circuited at both ends oy. heavy copper ings. squire cago winding Lif 0 west = = U6eful in. pro-wnting “hunting” y momentary cpeed fluctuation in = Ao AC generator: a _“hetded_in_synchronous. motor to. provide starting torque: turbo. generators usually do not have damper windings because the solid fleld poles themselves. oct as an effecting. damper ivi a) . “under normal running condition , damper windings does not carry current because yotor runs at _______synohworous speed: ____ tends fo_matntain 4 voltage. under un balanced load conditions. Sido eons f we ~ the number of poles cn a synchronous. generator depends upon the speed of rotation and the Ea ee - Ns synchronous, Speed iin rpm _ Pawo Ot pos Bice A FiequengyDate “Flonpk: A hyétaulc turbine tuning 200 von ig conc fo 0. sync_genorator «If the indiiced yaltage has a. frequency of 601 K: wat fg ps 20060) 100 E — or_18 poof narth_ond.couh pols ‘Retatur winding! sua “AC generators windings are. open, in the sense Mat there. i$ no Closed path for the armature currents {a the winding ikelf fn) fa sMrangemens pe Ataf coiled ___1.Wholo colled a am “GONNANH ic the cictonce. botween two sides of coil a: If the coll pitch is exactly equal_fothe d's tance. between the cenites of two adjac 80") the Coll_ic- said fo ve ed ing i - the geterakd voltage in both coilsides are. I phase. Date ; bh If te distance between the two side of the coil is “180° . dectrical, the coll is said to be (FRGGHORANEPIIEND winding a ~ generally wed thon {more than Fullfiten in order fo Qpproximat. cine wave more easily - distor¥ing harmonics may be ceduced or e olimindied: ___________twtn_ harmonics _ Odd harmonics - useful (3,919) > “(Reis {ho vatio of the. qeneraled vollage tn the = fractional_piten coro tothe pe eceecdaad inthe full pitch coil- (chorging_ factor) = = — where the coil San falls short aes jos _glternator —— = 3/4 fap s[ishie [Lie] + 2pcke eT BFectiona pics wx 3H) Fxomple Cloulake the. fi faclor fr T2-sator clot 6 goles, call span is 140 40Date Pie Eig = > {35° oe Lx = a pe sin(E) oz cw (2) _ p= 0-9234 a co - factor by which the conect Value of voltage. must be otfained when coils a16 grouped ard gic hibution long the slo fora ¥6 slo 4 pole ‘nee. phate callmnato , what i 0 pitch facloy b-dishibution factor Solution : _ slol [poke = Wat a}4|s je [718 f= in ( ) yesin tg) : nl 4ain (\sl2) — {won}Dato Date Inporiance_ of tp_and ka ic for_comect soe of wotage in A TR lo ctalor has a halt=eolkd four-pob 34 nincing. n_alkenator poise) Lyme Yow many colls ore there Peak. luc of Met periph yet C pum Sealy ; —_D- per group wo peak vohie-of time = ep ia ie 1 a Rc) a half epee eee ia _N> nw: of turns. have, Leb feo) 3 Wb ieee 2 Se te af ave. > ON pt = : Ris = five b form faclor = 16 We ok facoy «Maat = “ave ide rmevalue fr Alt slob stator has a. whob, coiled. 2 ne 3¢ winding 5 7 ols ee Calorlak the number OF coilg aii Se a te phe oval oa aaa whole ced = WH 44 ci 4s ya coll pase = I CaP calbypae 0 Feat ap xn vif 6b maxnel = i Ltt Bim ete | gar vloge ala) __b- per Group a i piece flZ + Winding, eral dor oe _Tind a) voltage phase. _b) voltage ee the _allenator —4 ails) phe Mt pe ahs i ep f: Blas 3 foot, a Ss 1S calls {goo ph = Is ote- phase dis ue 1d, , Shh ip sin i ) = [0-9654 he wf a sine?) tran ca] — 0-956) =F ajuwvi 4 é an ("L) ee aman ae 4 (CO) (EH) (HYCO ern i) 175.365 a oe ee a a Up gs Sw ge ven: Wha ol vin 500000 = V3 J, (2208-4490): pet» w-coKA SBT or 62 8uIp 5000003 (1275 456i) _Jp> 180-6215 BrenaDate Date Heo oon Distribution factor on_generatect \ohoqes = aVaaP Pet |) eA -icuscidal componcrt of the, peicaic. Ware or quanhiy having a frequency that is on inkger multiple of the futdamen- Jol frequency 200d _harttoie —— “Finite fe lure of “nsulcingycam be oF tghly drab * Inert in hormanics, increase in ose (iron), in hyskris te eddy * harmonics reduce equipment’ life expectancy Offeats theo _Yomperalure-%6p transformer dnd cables 3 Bosc Types of Domaging Hormanice found In fund In Stondard 60} electrical _cigtVibution system. 1. postive sequence. harmonics. = 2. negative. Sequence 9 20 GeQuuence Harmonic are “solved ging filkes. active WReawnance passive Hikes Hffecks 6S Harmonic. on filch and Dictribation Fador Ale rato). short pitch angler chording angle Is & gegree s ne fundamertal_flux ware, then our_value for otf harmonics are fundamental Shut Ss —____3rd_harmonic _ 8K an 5th_hormonic por os Pileh. Factor ae Wz cos 2 fundamental bps toe SE Brd_ harmonic s L W) ond for cichibution foclor, ka wi become, ka =n BS ae —rain me m= Otgre ot -harmanigs 2 0 ian isao_chonged— 4rd hav enonic af Hh Nnoymonic. SF\ lols 1 and 46, 0) fundamental freq sth harmonic d)_ Th harmonics as Date a “bel An ale netor_nac_19 sok. per pol, and the first coi) _ Calculakt the pitch factor for ») 3:4 hamoni sino a © ge 8 to eo Beams Yeorduces| slot in. dover. ~h: 0 20h) 0-024 tor fungal E404 £0N eka, “=H (60) —s kd) 20 454 ——@ Vhicd Homones f;2 3(60) fo Won — fae H.ad ( $y. 04), = o.008 wb ; (harmonics ‘s_iaveitly. proportional o ©) 0s) (40) Date (0-107) (0700) An_alkernatoy _on_open_circuit_gencrak, 36V at cotta. satel the Date field current is 3:68. Neglecting saturation, dekemine the open circuit emf when the frequency is 4o 2 and the field current Ie 2-4A alt dios 6 th ad Sh) Vo fasion — Condition 4 Condition 2 iL BB = gsovd tc Sh afoavul bis = Gola fy Hohe I, s eh Coes oss Ielo 4A for negieckd saturation , % % Is 1h = te coltant = Fe VA FO hyh Newnotors generaied voltage Fe kfd Varics dircctly proportional Boi) gle Fart, OF (ESSE aD chanel being held constant fiekhdh f_ wr. Ea but - 2 Eck hide id aaa fay (co) as ee Fy neu (a — (Esnov]Date Date Colculck the ms vale of fhe. induced emt ger phe of 0 10- pol, 42, .60N2, alkrnalor With a 2 gloi per pole er Component of 0-12 wh Gnd a 20% third hormanic Sunaowtental = 0-12np did harmonic 4 0:2(0:2) = 0-024 (1h) = 0-C08 AF 60th fs! og eeGey eT a) Fe Wun {ONbkd ee : Lslolsfpiesphu * YO.pokr = 20s\ols ona Slots= conductors nn eee ‘ws ‘dol —_.. WOpoles.. doondictons = 9 conducts}, «turn a ne Tp” acandutos NY ¢ 4 hy: cite) = ose ——— BBpenmnus nfs 190° The Flux por pole has a. fund metal Eis BWWEGN pA = 4.UY (co)(0-12) (40) (0-4659.0 4059) _ [reise eV “fa=_ 4-44 (J90)(0-009) (40)€0-1070(0. Ton) [Es = -127-8¢95V] — EeeNer te Fetter = 199-031 : ee Hikanakas on load | Qrmature. resistance, 2. armature reactance. (call) 8. armalue reaction | yeslstaneéndl0p in_armabuc circuit: 2. change: in flux Ginercase in Flux, increase. vollage) 3: reactance voltage drop _Afer¥anliS e1RGH- Theload voltage is qreaker than sturce. volhage —_a a. q Caused ys: v ___J Nollage_diop - aymoture tesistance Formate, leakage Yeactany, Date _main_fidd flux Date: ARAN he. cFcof rma on the when the main flac is- dicted by the armature flux, that is main Flue Ts] I ormatiic reaction ee Eg>V y Oh 1+ unily pt = (sma 2. lagging PF a : : - TSR 3 ae (BrwmaloieNNCakage REACKAINCE! — current flow fhrough Ihe Gymature conductors, fluxec arc Set-up which do not cross the air gap but take aifferent pats «such fluxe are iatalleatoay eg See in Eg: VEER gator Rotor § produce flax Tx] the armature yeaction. The. p_of the loo has a considerate. eft_on the Ovmalure. reaction Sa anaee SF caes When load pf is unity 2. when load pf 6 2¢ro lagging -+ if _purly reactive 3: When load. pf is 210. leading -# if puudy capacity We, however the two efkcls nearly o kaving the overage fied st —"ormative readion is distorti onal aie Flux PRUOPRNGEANGA - cratic fIus is in-cltect oppustion 1s the The. armatuie, « main fluc ~ hence, toi flux iDato Date Ikening of main flux, decreases the Generated emé ep the value_of the gmeaked emt thevame, | bi xcatation need to be inercaced +p compensa | —__the_weakening ida flux (1 (mois backward yw) vaio GLEROTPPLLENING- armtuc uy wove tas moved fornatd ny 90° So that if is in phase. with main flat. this rel, in the addition of enain flux. 7 ormature reation ‘suo, magneisiog— nl] \ fs}. 7 tw ela in ft. ecu, fo aig ate fos couulls $0 grey inded tm. | fo Rep the. geciakd. emt tesa, field excfoion will have. to be reduced = (GRRTCROMRNRECCKORRANDIO- combined voliage chop of the —ttactance Ond arate veodion ie Cpe soc ee . brows the come 9°” relationship to the wren a ~Hhey Occur at ful ood currents when fhe _allernator |s_optrating Ot synchronous speed (TOURER the result when synchronous seactonce drop 1s divided by the full load current: “it 1S only cneQsured when tests aie performed in on _Qikynotor J sluts 0: Resicfonce Test bs Open circutt Tech (06 Test) G- Short ciecull Test GoTest) Tests oho - IF conte. mesma directly. by ancl ane mmol me thod or py wing Whealstone bridge, when the — aller na of _rtst —_ Ny the D0 tesictonce leet of the armatur {6 multiplied yy a factor. ranging fom 25 4o 475. 4p obi Valle. more equal to fla when if [$ Carrying Glknnoting Curent - ge,Rac = ohmic Reo = 1-50 Rac a a ‘> effective caslslanos per phase : VOR, what |s the percent effective reslonce per phase? : 0-5 6h , bw i. Rac = aR Pao = 0-05 (1-38) _ Rde= 0-067 Sen por -unit gy = 24" base val, (os) 2 O-bTS . Eounnees Percent resistance Me fe. G2w* yey = baevalue Date: $ Joomn — DU val ~ 0: 0678 pene aay aa =0-0/39%6 = [395 ‘fp aVplp ph