CF-1 & CF-2 CENTRIFUGE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL Brandt, A Tuboscope Company PO Box 2327, 2800 N. Frazier Conroe, TX 77305-2327 Phone 936-756-4800 Fax 281-272-2245 Checked by: Date: 4/14/98 Written by: ior a ae Dd Date: 4/14/98 “Approved ws IE, if Date: 4/1498 { REV. ECNNO- DATE! / [[DRWN._[CHKD. | Manual Noz M9278 Revis 0I. M1. Wv. VI. CENTRIFUGE CF-1 AND CF-2 CONTENTS GENERAL CENTRIFUGE INFORMATION A. The first 14 pages of this section do not specifically refer to the machines used by Brandt. This section is for use as a guide to identify and understand components of each centrifuge. CF-1 CENTRIFUGE A. Specifications CF-2 CENTRIFUGE A. Specifications DECANTING CENTRIFUGES (General) CENTRIFUGE ROTATION A. Explanation of Centrifuge Rotation Differences MAINTENANCE SECTION A. General Service Guide Fluid Coupling Kimray Valve - (Feed Tank) Lubrication Guide moo ® Technical Service BulletinsDESCRIPTION THE BIRD SOLID BOWL CONTINUOUS CENTRIFUGAL FOREWORD ‘The purpose of this manual is to help you make the most of your Bird Solid Bow! Centrifugal. Much of the information it contains may already be familiar to you, but we have included it with the thought that it may prove useful as a reference or instruction to anyone concerned with installation, operation and maintenance of this machine. If the manual lets you obtain better overall performance. or saves you time, labor, and money, it will have accomplished its purpose. ‘The solid bow! centrifuge is available in several sizes and. depending on the application and customer's requirements. its component parts may vary. Typical items subject t0 variation are design of bowl profile, conveyor helix. number and size of strips, areas pro- tected by hard surfacing, type of feed ports. provisions for adding flocculants. provision for holding pressure or limiting vapor leakage. recommended speed range and sheaves to cover it, reduction ratio of gear unit. electrical equipment and overload protection devices. It must also be remembered that Bird is continuously seeking to better the reafiability and performance of its equipment. As a result, design improvements will come along from time to time so that the construction of the machine may no longer wholly conform to the description given in this manual. Obviously. it would be impractical (o write this manual around the exact specifications of your machine and to the exclusion of basically similar designs or other sizes. Additional detailed information pertaining to your machine is shown in the parts list assembly drawing and other ‘material supplied to you including applicable supple- ‘ments to this manual. Fig, 1 Typical cross sectional ew of sll bow! centrifugal shown with feed end guards removed. Right Rand design GENERAL DESCRIPTION Simply stated, the Bird Solid Bowl Centrifugal is a settling vessel with overflow weir and drainage deck, containing a conveyor which continuously picks up settled solids and discharges them from the vessel by way of the drainage deck. The settling vessel is made to rotate. Thus the settling forces acting on the solids particles can be many times gravity and insure a thorough separation of solids from the suspending liquid.Fig. 1 shows the conformation and disposition of the two principal machine elements — the bowl and the conveyor. In the illustration, the bow! consists of a eylindrical section and two truncated cones of different cone angle. In practice, the contour of the bowl is varied to suit the service for which the machine is intended. It may be entirely conical, or a combination of a cylindrical section and one or more truncated cones. The conveyor has the same contour as the bowl and the clearance between the conveyor flights and the inner bow! wall is held to a practical ‘minimum. The conveyor is supported in two bushings located inthe bow! head truntions, and is rotated ate speed different from that of the bowl. The difference in speed between bowl and conveyor is accomplished by gearing. The hub to which the conveyor helix is attached also acts as feed distributor, the feed slurry passing from the hub into the bow! through one or more sets of feed ports. A stationary feed pipe, supported by the feed pipe bracket and overhanging into the inside of the conveyor hub, directs feed slurry to whatever feed compartment has been selected. Mounted to each end of the bow! are the two bow! heads with integral trunnions. These trunnions are supported in the main ball or roller bearings and thus carry the entire rotating assembly. As shown in Fig. 1 the bow! head at the effluent end of the bow! has openings with adjustable weirs for discharge of clarified liquid. When handling wel setling products the weirs can be positioned so that a portion of the bowl in the solids discharge area is not submerged. ‘This provides a drainage deck on which the solids, as they are conveyed across it, may also be washed before final drainage. If, on the other hand, the solids are ‘extremely fine and the job is primarily a clarification problem, then the bowl design and weir setting used would be such as to provide maximum settling area with a relatively short deck or none at all. The bow! or the bow! head located at the smaller diameter has ports for discharge of dewatered solids. Suitable partitions in the machine case form compartments for receiving discharged solids and effluent, guiding them into their respective hoppers which are attached to the flanged case bottom. The machine shown in Fig. 1 is a typical design. Variations of this design are available for specific applications. For instance, in some machines, the feed pipe enters through the solids-discharge end and the gear unit is located at the effiuent end. Such machines are designated as left hand design. The machine sheave may be on either the feed end or gear end of the machine and has nothing to do with the “hand” of the unit. Designs are also available with pressure cases, skimmer type effluent discharge, and other special features. After the machine has been brought up to speed, e slurry is delivered at constant rate to the centrifuge feed pipe. To insure proper operation and good performance, and to prevent exceeding machine capa- city in terms of either solids or liquid throughput, it necessary to provide means for reliable control of the feed volume. The feed pipe directs the slurry to the selected feed compartment in the conveyor hub from which itis distributed through the feed ports into the bowl. Centrifugal force holds the slurry against the bow! wall. substantially in the form of a hollow cylinder. As slurry is fed into the bowl the inner diameter of this cylinder will decrease or, in other words, the “level” of the slurry in the bow! will rise until it reaches the circle of effluent weirs in the bow! head. At this point clarified liquid will begin to over- flow out of these weits into the effluent chamber of the ccase and the level of slurry in the bow! will, of course, stop rising. The overflow from the weirs continues just as long as feed is coming in. Centrifugal force mean- while acts on the solids suspended in the slurry and ‘causes them to settle out onto the inner wall of the bowl. As the solids become sufficiently compacted, they are transported by the conveyor helix in the irection of the solids ports and onto the drainage deck. There centrifugal force will separate out entrained liquor and makeiit flow back into the slurry “pool”. As mentioned previously many products may be washed while moving across the drainage deck and before discharging into the solids compartment of the case. All wash liquors will drain back into the slurry pool and thus cannot be kept separate from the mother liquor. In the case of slurries which are diffi- cult to clarify, the machine may be provided with a floc compartment for internal addition of reagents. The above refers to operation of the centrifuge in dewatering or clarifying service. The solid bow! centrifugal is equally effective classifying solids on a particle size (particle mass) basis. In this kind of Application, the solids are usually all the same product with the same specific gravity; for example, suspen- sions of titanium dioxide, clay, etc. In classification service, the principle employed is to control operating conditions in such a manner that only the course frac- tion settles out and discharges as cake product, and that the fine fraction remains in suspension. Mech: cal factors which determine or have bearing on the particle size at which the separation is made are bow! contour, location of slurry feed ports, differential speed between bowl and conveyor, pool depth, and centrifugal force. Volume of slurry throughout, tem- perature, (determining viscosity of suspending liquid), chemical dispersion, solids concentration in feed, and other operating factors also have to be taken into account in classifying applications. In general, the Bird Solid Bowl Classifier is used when making size cuts at 20 microns or finer although in some cases 00d classification at 200 mesh (74 microns) can be accomplished,THE BIRD CENTRIFUGAL IS CUSTOM-BUILT FOR EACH SPECIFIC APPLICATION Each Bird Centrifugal is designed and constructed for the application designated by the customer. Details of construction can vary quite widely, depending upon the separation desired. For instance, if the centrifuge is primarily intended to produce a clear effluent; that is to separate out fine solids, then the bowl is provided with a long, cylindrical section and a relatively short drainage deck. On the other hand, when the objective is dewatering (and washing) relatively coarse crystals and discharging these as dry as possible, then the cylindrical (sedimentation) section of the machine can be quite short, with the drainage and washing sections taking up the major portion of the bowl length. It is important that you know the detailed construction of your centrifuge. If, in the future, you should change your plans and decide to use the centrifuge for another duty, consult with the Bird Machine Company and make certain the machine is suited to this new application. DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION Your Bird Centrifugal is constructed of materials specified by your Engineering or Purchasing Depart- ment. When corrosion resistant materials must be used, all parts which come in contact with either the solids or liquids are constructed of the specified alloy. Parts such as the base, bearing housing, etc., are always made of steel, cast iron, or whatever other ‘metal has required physical properties. BASE ‘The base of the Bird Solid Bow! Centrifugal is either gray iron casting or a combination of cast and fabricated construction. Certain areas of the base form machined pads which act as supports for the ‘main bearing pillow blocks, the case and the feed pipe bracket. The underside of the base is also machined. Cored holes are provided for anchoring the machine to its foundation. These holes are spaced as shown on the outline and foundation drawing with a tolerance of £1/4" (46.4 mm) from the centerline. They are also oversize to allow for some variation in anchor bolt location, CASE ‘The case of the solid bowl centrifugal is fabricated ‘of the metal specified by the customer, and is normally the same materials of construction as the rotating assembly. ‘The purpose of the case isto contain and direct the solids and liquid discharge from the bowl, to act as a protective guard and to provide complete enclosure with either standard or pressurized construction. The case bottom is flanged for attachment of effluent receiving hopper and solids chute, In certain designs hhand holes are provided so that the centrifuge can be inspected and adjusted without removing the top half of the case. The case is partitioned into solids and Fiquid receiving compartments. The baffles forming these compartments. register with corresponding hoops or flanges on the bowl and are machined for minimum practical running clearance. If specified, the case may be provided with repulp and wash-out connections and replaceable liners in areas subject to abrasive wear. Special gutters can be mounted in the ‘case to minimize solids buildup in the solids discharge compartment. Fig. 2 Base, with main bering plow blocksFig. 3 Case top and bottom BOWL In the smaller machine sizes, the bow may be either ‘cast or fabricated. In the larger sizes, it is always fabricated. (Aside from meeting corrosion require- ments, the material used must also have the required physical properties for fabrication and for centrifugal service). The bow! may be in the shape of a truncated ‘cone of a combination of cones and. Fig. Bow! based on the characteristics of the product to be handled, Since the bow! has to contain the slurry, connections must be made between the bow! heads ‘and the bowl. For certain applications the inner wall of the bow! may be equipped with guide strips and ‘may also have a smooth or polished surface. With this latter type of construction it is important to maintain the recommended clearance between conveyor flights and the bow! surface or the strips (if supplied).BOWL HEADS ‘The bow! is attached to the bowl heads with their integral trunnions. The effluent end bow! head is usually provided with weirs allowing for adjustment of the pool depth. One of the two main bearings is mounted on the effluent end trunnion and the other main bearing is mounted on the solids discharge end trunnion. The bushings which support the conveyor and in which it rotates, are pressed into each bow! head trunnion. They are isolated from contact with the product by seals located in the bow! head CONVEYOR ‘The conveyor assembly consists of the conveyor hub with its feed ports and if specified. wash nozzles or floc pipes. It also includes the two trunnions and the conveyor helix. The conveyor assembly is always con- siructed of metal. If the machine is intended for processing abrasive product. the feed ports in the conveyor hub and the conveyor blades are protected with an abrasion-resistant material. The kind of hard surfacing alloy used, the area of the helix which is to be covered. and the amount of finish grinding to be done all are influenced by the nature of the applica- tion and the abrasive characteristics of the product. For extremely abrasive service feed ports, conveyor blades and solids discharge ports (on side discharge machines) canbe replaceable hard surfaced or ceramic inserts, The trunnion at the feed end is hollow in order to accommodate the feed pipe. The trunnion at the gear end of the conveyor is splined for connec- tion to the output shaft of the gear unit. When desired, the inside of the conveyor hub has a number of baffles to provide two or more feed compartments and the operator can select the feed compartment which gives the best results. A separate wash compart- ment nearest the solids discharge end can be supplied for admitting wash liquor. It usualy is separated from the feed compartment by a “trap” or drain compart- ment to prevent feed slurry from splashing into the wash compartment. The wash compartment usually has drilled and tapped holes throughout its length. This permits installing nozzles in those locations which provide the best washing while plugging those which are not used. Conveyors are furnished with either single or multiple leads. Choice of pitch and ‘number of leads depends on the operation which is to be performed. For example, in a 40 x 60” (1016 x 1524 mm) machine. the conveyor pitch might be as small as 24” (63 mm) or as great as 18" (457 mm) In operation, the conveyor always rotates at a speed slightly slower than the bow. This speed differential is obtained by means of @ gear reduction unit mounted to a support flange on the bowl trunnion. The conveyor in a sense is a measuring device having a ‘maximum solids handling capacity for a given speed differential. If the centrifugal is overfed, the conveyor may choke and make it necessary to shut off the feed and clean out the machine. When reasonable care is used to control solids throughput, plugging will not occur. On the solids discharge end of the conveyor a reverse plow is installed. It will gather up and dis- charge such solids as deposit on the lands between the solids discharge ports in the bow! or the bow! head. FEED PIPE ‘The feed pipe is clamped in a bracket mounted to the machine base. Its size is limited by the inside diameter of the main beating at the feed end of the machine. The feed pipe is baffled off at its dischargeFig. 7 Tye conveyor with wash short bow! design Fig. 8 Typical conveyor with loc nozzes, ong bowl oesion end and a slot provided in the circumference of the pipe so that the slurry will be directed radially towards the ports. If the centrifuge is equipped for washing, the wash pipe is located within the feed pipe. If the feed location is to be adjusted, this is done by foosening the holding clamp and pushing the pipe in ‘or out for the distance required to let it discharge into the alternate compartment. When making feed pipe adjustments, the machine must be shut down with suitable precautions taken to prevent rotation. Machines designed for clarification have only a single feed compartment in the optimum location and no adjustment is possible. (Refer to your assembly drawing.) PRODUCT WASH The pipe through which wash liquor may be intro- duced into the wash compartment usually is integral with the feed pipe. The nipples which direct the wash liquor onto the solids being processed are located in the conveyor hub and as near to the face of the con:veyor blade as practical. They are mounted in threaded “bosses” welded to the conveyor hub. These ‘bosses extend into the hub so that their inner openings ail are on the same diameter. This assures even distri bution of wash liquor to all nozzles. The bosses ex- tending into the conveyor hub also make a trap for any solids which may be contained in the wash liquor. For certain operations, the conveyor helix may be of the interrupted blade type. With this construction, the wash liquor is distributed onto the solids through spray nozzles which may have a flat or cone spr Spray nozzles frequently have a relatively small orifice ‘and make it important that the wash liquor be filtered so that foreign material cannot get into the wash com- partment and cause the orifices to plug. FLOC ARRANGEMENT If the slurry contains extremely fine solids and these fare amenable to chemical flocculation, then the internal addition of reagents is quite often desirable ‘and sometimes a necessity. The resultant agglomera- tion of particles will substantially improve settling characteristics and permit the machine to deliver a satisfactory centrate at increased feed rates. The floc arrangement in your Bird centrifuge delivers the solu: tion directly into the bowl where it makes its first contact with the slurry at the most effective location. In this manner there is no chance of breaking up flocs ‘once formed such as would be the case if the reagent were added in the feed compartment or ahead of the machine. The floc distributor is located between the point of feed and effluent discharge. Like the wash pipe the floc supply pipe passes through the feed pipe and discharges into the distributor. It extends through the slurry inlet fitting to the outside for connection to the floc system. If floccing is to be provided on short bow! machines in which the feed pipe enters at the effluent end (right hand machines), then the floc supply pipe is welded to the feed pipe inner wall with ‘openings at the proper point for passage of solution into the distributor. BEARINGS ‘The two main bearings support the entire rotating assembly. On the smaller size machines these are ball bearings, on some of the larger machines spherical roller bearings are used. The bearings are housed in pillow blocks which are mounted on the machine base. Thrust imposed on the conveyor is taken by separate thrust bearings. These are installed in the driven sheave which forms the bearing housing, Correct installation of the thrust bearings is very important. The conveyor is supported in bronze bushings which are pressed into the bow! heads. GEAR UNITS ‘The function of the gear unit is to drive the conveyor at a fixed speed relative to the bowl. The reduction ratio of the gear unit and the speed of the bowl determine the difference in speed between the bow! and conveyor. Ratios as low as 20:1 and as high as 140:1 are available. The machine is supplied with the highest practical gear ratio; that is, the slowest rela- tive conveyor speed sufficient to handle the required solids throughput and consistent with good results. To determine the relative speed between the bowl and the conveyor, divide the bowl RPM by the reduction ratio. For instance, with a gear reduction ratio of 80:1, and a bowl speed of 1000 RPM, the conveyor will rotate at 1000 divided by 80 or 12.5 RPM slower than the bowl. ‘The gear unit is a completely self contained drive and can be replaced as a unit. In most cases the reduction ratio of the gear unit may be changed by installing Fig. 10 Torque arm ana shea pin devicedifferent gears in the first stage. Lubrication of the gear unit is either by built-in circulation in which case the gear unit housing acts as oil reservoir. or by inde- pendent pressure circulation serving both gear unit and main bearings and including a separate oil reservoir Is sometimes desirable to vary the “effective” gear ratio while the machine is operating; that is. to deter- mine what performance can be obtained at different conveyor speeds. The relative conveyor speed can be varied without installing new gears by varying the Ist stage pinion speed via a mechanical, hydraulic or elec- tical gear unit back drive. Specific instructions will be issued explaining additional equipment needed and its operation. MECHANICAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION ‘The conveyor in the Bird centrifugal must rotate at relatively low speeds with reference to the bowl. The ‘gear unit. therefore. has a correspondingly high eduction ratio and this means it can exert consider- able leverage or torque. In order (o protect the ‘conveyor and other parts from being damaged by torsional overload. a shear device is mounted on the input shaft of the gear unit. It will release when the maximum allowable torque is exceeded. A shear device is furnished on all solid bow! centrifugals. The shearing member is a pin having a shear section of predetermined diameter. The brass used to make the pin must have a specific shear value. DO NOT SUB- STITUTE. One end of this pin is held by means of the torque coupling to the normally stationary input shaft of the gear unit. the other end by the torque arm. The moment the pin shears. the input shaft of the gear is free to turn and bowl and conveyor will rotate together. This action will also trip an overload switch interlocked with the holding coils of the main motor control. It is good practice also to interlock into this circuit whatever means are provided to shut off slurry feed. (See Fig. 10.) ELECTRICAL TORQUE CONTROL AND RECORDER When using this control a power-operated feed shutoff device should be provided. The torque required to discharge solids: that is. to rotate the conveyor with respect to the bow! is in direct proportion to the amount of solids passing through the machine. An instantaneous reading and con: tinuous recording of solids throughout is thus possible by measuring the force required to hold the torque ‘arm stationary. This measurement is obtained by the use of a “strain bar” as a stop for the torque arm. The force is transmitted electrically to the (Foxboro) recorder which gives a direct reading and record in pounds. Incorporated in this recorder are relays controlled by three adjustable cutoff points. The lowest point (Lo) is set at about 10% below the maximum value (Hi-Lo) at which itis desirable to run for performance reasons. Its normally open relay should be connected to an audible and/or visual alarm system so as to alert the operator that the load is approaching the Hi-Lo point. If the overload dissipates the relay again opens and the alarm is shut off. If, however. the load should continue to increase and exceeds (Hi-Lo). then a second, normally closed relay opens and actuates the feed valve. This relay should be so connected that the feed valve again opens when the load drops to normal. The third (Hi) cutoff point is set to open its relay if the load continues to climb and reaches a value about 15% below the point of shear pin failure. It should be wired in series with the stop button of the main drive motor control. The shear device with overload switch is furnished as an additional over-tiding safeguard, even when a recording instrument is used. BELT DRIVE AND SHEAVES Bird Continuous Centrifugals are driven by V-belts Usually, motor sheaves and belts come with the machine even though the motor and its control may be furnished by others. Motor sheaves are supplied for the proper speed range of your machine in the appli- cation specified. DO NOT INSTALL LARGER SHEAVES WITHOUT CONSULTING THE BIRD MACHINE COMPANY. It is recommended that machine be put into service using smallest motor pulley supplied. If this does not give the desired performance, then larger pulleys for higher machine speeds can be tried. Remember the lowest speed ‘consistent with good results means the least wear and power consumption. IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT ALL EXPOSED ROTATING MEMBERS SUCH AS THE GEAR UNIT. SHAFTS, SHEAVES, AND BELTS MUST BE PROTECTED BY GUARDS AT ALL TIMES. LEFT AND RIGHT HAND CONSTRUCTION In 2 machine of standard. right hand design (See Fig. 1) the feed pipe is located at the effluent end. and. the gear unit at the solids end. In so-called long bow! designs the point of feed is closer to the solids end than it is to the effluent end. In order to avoid excess overhung length of the cantilevered feed pipe its position is reversed. Doing so required the gear unit t0 be at the effluent end. This is called left hand con- struction. SEALS In a continuous centrifugal there are five running clearances which may permit flow of gases into or from the machine case. These points are as follows:tight” or “pressure tight” construction, Sealing is effected by lubricated contact between a rotating carbon ring and a stationary mating member. In addition to seal points A, B, and C, fume or pressure type construction also requires sealing at points D and E. The specifies of mechanical contact seal design may vary substantially depending on process require- ments and product. Separate description and installa- tion and operating instructions will be furnished if your centrifuge is equipped with this type of seal. It ‘must be observed that no rubbing type seal design can assure a positive seal. BIRD ACD SYSTEMS ‘The Bird Anti-Chatter Device (ACD) was developed to remove the phenomenon called “chatter” (high frequency torsional oscillations) caused primarily by the stick-slip conveying characteristics of some material being processed. The application of the ACD may allow greater solids throughput in these cases with corresponding increases in shear pin life. All critical elements within the assembly. have been factory preset and tuned to your specific machine and ‘gear box ratio. Therefore, DO NOT ATTEMPT TO DISMANTLE THE DEVICE TO MAKE ANY ADIUSTMENTS. Contact the Service Department, Bird Machine Company, South Walpole, Massachu- setts, 617-668-0400, if the device needs adjustment after its original installation. The device is housed within @ shroud which is usually of fiberglass construction. Access to the shear pin assembly is attained by removal ofthe top half of the shroud. A square shear pin is held in alignment by two holders with close fitting slots to receive the ends of the shear pin. The shear pin is held in place with two special quick-release lock pins which pass through holes in the shear pin holders which in turn align with holes passing through the shear pin. The removal and replacement of shear pins is extremely easy requiring no tools. The ACD will work at high efficiency on all products under most conditions. The two most common factors which detract from the proper func- tioning of the device are (1) badly worn conveyors creating chatter beyond the capability of the system, ‘or (2) machines with out-of-balance loads of such a magnitude that the resulting overall general vibration is so high that the ACD internal damping action is impaired or defeated. In the former case (1), the machine should be dis- ‘mantled and the conveyor rebuilt to proper specifica- tions. In the latter case (2), the cause of the unbalance should be determined and corrective action taken. For example, periodic washouts or flushes of the machine ‘may be required to prevent product build-up or the conveyor may be worn to such an extent that the resulting unequal product loading within the Centri fuge is causing the high level of vibration. Shear pins which fail due to overload usually exhibit smooth clean shear surfaces at the throat of the pin. Under these circumstances. the feed control circuit to the Centrifuge should be studied and/or controlled to climinate any surges. If, however, the shear pins show a jagged crystalline- type failure, the Centrifuge conveyor may need rebuilding or the ACD may need servicing. In either case, contact our service department for advice and recommendations. ‘The ACD combines high efficiency with low main- tenance and minimal wear. Nevertheless, should the user feel that his particular circumstances require the stocking of spare components for the ACD, Bird has. available damper units and torsion rods matched to the user's machine and gear unit ratio. There are no lubrication requirements or special preventative maintenance/servicing required on the ‘ACD other than periodic observance of the vibration level and shear pin failure history.Please refer to figure 11. At point A and B, wo case openings for the bowl head shafts. At C clearance between the feed pipe and hollow con veyor trunnion. At D and E clearance between the OD of the conveyor trunnions and the inside diameter of the bow! head shafts on solids and effluents ends. For non-pressurized or non-fume tight operations, the flow of gases in either direction through clearance D and E is restricted by either lip seals or suitable mechanical seals provided on both conveyor trunnions. Gas flow through clearance A, B, and C. on the other hand may be substantial. However. it is rarely of a ‘magnitude which would in any way adversely effect the majority of normal applications. In instances where gas flow must be restricted, one of four types of seals may be specified: 1. Air Rest ion Seals This is the simplist arrangement and generally satisfactory for installations in which solids and/or effluent discharge into an open system and it is designed to restrict the exhaust of obnoxious fumes. Sealing is necessary only at points A, B, and C. It is effected by closing the clearance between the rotating and stationary machine elements with a teflon ring, accurately positioned to the mating member. Air restriction seals do not form a positive or complete seal, but they will reduce gas flow. 2. Purge Restriction Seals This type of seal consists of a pair of contact seals at ‘each seal point with a purge cavity in between the seal members. The close clearance between the shaft and the sealing members hinders flow of purge gas into the case and process gas to the atmosphere. The purge seal does a better job of preventing the escape of fumes from the case or admitting air into the cen: trifuge than the simple air restriction seal. If it is undesirable to have air enter the case. steam or inet purge gas can be used. Provision must therefore be mmiade to vent whatever gas enters the machine case past the inboard seal member. It must be emphasized that the purge restriction seals will not function unless the case pressure is substantially atmospheric. As contact points wear. additional purge gas quantities are required. This type seal is economical but does not provide a positive seal. Seal locations are at points A. Band C. Hydraulic Seals This seal consists of a rotating cup mounted to the shaft and a stationary disc extending into this cup. ‘The disc member is supported on the case by way of a gasketed connection. Seal liquid in the cup submerges the outer diameter of the disc and restriets passage of gas from one side to the other: that is from the atmosphere to the case and from the case to the atmosphere. Due to the centrifugal foree acting on the seal liquid the effectiveness of this seal is a function of the speed and disc diameter. Seal liquid is usually water. It must be continuously replenished but only in moderate quantities. On most applications. a purge of compatible fluid is provided to prevent product accumulation in the seal. CAUTION — THIS SEAL DOES NOT WORK WHEN MACHINE IS STATIONARY. ‘This type of seal is supplied with standard flow solid bow! and sereen bow! centrifugals of so-called “fume SEAL PONT’ Sta PONT 8 SEAL PONTE’ Pointe Machin shown with guardsGENERAL It is essential 10 follow a eareful program of proper lubrication procedures. Only in this way will it be possible to realize maximum life of bearings. bushings and other mechanical parts, IMPORTANT: All anti-friction bearings require AGMA #3 lubricant, all gear units AGMA AS. EXCEPTION: The gears on $4 x 70" (1370 x 1780 ‘mm) machines require AGMA #4. Since gears and bearings on these machines receive oil from a single system the spherical roller main bearings will also be lubricated with AGMA #4 STATIC SUMP LUBRICATION SYSTEM A. Description In-this system, the bearing runs in a static pool of oil (non-circulating), the level of which is kept at the centerline of the lowest ball or roller. Lubrication is, obtained by direct contact of the rolling elements with the pool of oil. B. Application When the catalog speed limit of the bearing is not exceeded, the environment is free from contaminants and the feed temperature is below 200°F. (93°C), then static systems are satisfactory. Fig 19 Ascing Ol to Man Bosring LUBRICATION . Operation When sump lubrication is employed, the proper level to be carried in the pillow blocks is indicated by a sight gauge or a petcock. In either case, the oil levels should be checked frequently and regulatly. Bearings exposed to steam or water should be examined for condensation in sump. Add oil as necessary to insure that the level maintained is always at the centerline of the lowest ball or roller. Extension pipes to sight gauge or petcock may become plugged and this will prevent true level indication. Sight gauge vents must always be kept open for the same reason. These items should be checked at least as often as oil is changed. It is suggested that bearing oil be replaced every three months under average operating conditions. Refill to proper level with AGMA #3 oil. The bearing housing should be flushed when oii changes are made in order to remove any residual matter which may contaminate the fresh oil. To flush out bearing housings properly, use clean hot flushing oil at 180 to 200°F (82" to 93°C) or kero- sene at 110 to 125°F. (43° to S1°C). while slowly turning the rotating assembly by hand. This will wash out dirt, grit and sludged oil. Continue to turn the rotating assembly slowly while draining to insure the most complete removal of flushing oil and contamin- Kerosene or light transformer. flushing oils are suitable for cleaning bearings. However. any thing heavier than light motor oil (SAEI0) is not recommended. STANDARD CIRCULATING OIL SYSTEM A. Deseription ‘This system is similar to the static system in that the bearings run in a pool of oil. In addition. oil is circulated through the bearing housing to remove contaminants which may collect over a period of time. ‘The prime purpose of this system is to maintain level and to clean the oil. Some incidental cooling effect is realized by heat transfer of tank, piping. etc.. to the surroundings. The oil reservoir is integral with the base of the machine, B. Application ‘This system is used with standard flow solid bowl and with screen bow! machines when the catalog rating of the bearing is not exceeded but the at mosphere is dirty or corrosive or the bearings are exposed to steam or splash, or elevated temperatures are involved.C. Operation The correct flow to the bearings is preset at factory. If excess bearing temperatures develop in operation the flow can be increased by adjusting bypass valve. Flows are not as critical in nature as in the high capacity systems. Oil filters should be changed as experience on the application dictates. Pressure switches are supplied with the system primarily to detect oil pump failure or plugged filters, Startup involves filling oil tank to the level called for on dip stick with an AGMA 43 oil: starting lube pump and adjusting flow on sight feed oiler per charge: cir- culating cooling water through heat exchanger if provided: starting machine, HI-CAPACITY SYSTEMS WITH RADIAL INLET OF LUBRICANT A. Description The O.D. of the beating is equipped with a peripheral groove called a W33 groove with radial holes through the outer race. Therefore, oil can be {forced through the outer race for direct application to the rolling and/or sliding surfaces. Roller bearings generate more heat than ball bearings so that a heat exchanger is always provided to keep the bearing and oil at acceptable temperature levels. Also, excessive oil churning must be avoided: therefore, the system ust have dry sump pillow blocks. B. Application ‘This system is used on all spherical rollers which run in excess of catalog speed rating regardless of feed temperature, and on all 54 x 70" (1370 x 1780 ‘mm) centrifugals. ©. Operation ‘The system requires more careful attention than others due to the characteristics associated with high speed application of spherical roller bearings. The amount of lubrication may vary depending on am- bient or feed temperature conditions. To check the adequacy of lubrication. the remperature in the oil drain lines must be taken and the viscosity level determined by referring to the temperature/viscosity relation of the oil being used, The viscosity must not drop below 100 SUS (21mm#/sec). (At lower viscosi- ties, the film strength of the oil is to0 low to sustain the load and continued operation will cause the oil 0 break down and cause premature bearing failure.) ‘The flow rates are factory set, but field conditions may requite further adjustments. To increase drain line oil viscosity. one or more of the following steps may be laken — increase oil flow. increasing cooling water rate through the heat exchanger (normal rate is approximately 3 GPM) (11 L/minute). Oil flow can be increased by bypassing less oil to the tank through the pressure relief value. This is accomplished by turning the adjustment screw located on the top of the valve clockwise until the desired flow is reached. Increasing cooling water rate is merely a water valve adjustment. Using @ higher viscosity oil requires draining the system and replenishing with the new oil. Spherical roller bearings run at higher temperatures than ball bearings. Therefore. higher pillow block temperatures are to be expected. It is not uncommon for these readings to average 140-180'F. (60°-82°C) depending fon bearing size. speed, and process temperature, However, any elevated bearing temperature will deliver higher temperature oil to the return line where the viscosity measurement takes place. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES The purpose of these valves is to protect the pump motor and oil filter. Pumps have limitations in the head against which they can work. Therefore, in the event of a plugged filter with no relief bypass, the pump motor can be excessively loaded causing burn- out or the pump itself can be damaged. Filters have similar limitations in pressure drop across their filter elements and excessive pressure can crush some types. Relief valves can be adjusted to bypass more or less oil depending upon the requirements as long as the limits of filter pressure drop capacity and pump ‘motor horsepower ratings are not exceeded during any flow blockage. PRESSURE SWITCHES ‘The pressure switch is used to detect loss of lube pressure usually due to a blocked filter or pump failure. Field adjustments are possible to climinate nuisance switching due to low viscosity levels and so forth. Any adjustments made to the pressure setting should be made only afterall other possible causes of low pressure are checked out (such as dirty filter clements and improper relief valve settings). To adjust the pressure switch, read the instructions pasted inside the switch housing cover. Usually, all that is necessary is to loosen a locknut, turn an ad- justment nut and retighten the locknut. OIL FILTERS Oil filters should be checked frequently during the first weeks of operation. This is particularly necessary fon the Hi-Capacity oil systems where higher rates of oil pass through the elements. Subsequent checks depend on the environmental conditions and frequency of prior filter changes. THRUST BEARINGS ‘The thrust bearings, usually mounted inside of the driven sheave are grease lubricated. To lubricate them itis first necessary to remove protective covers then remove both plugs from the bearing cap andattach @ grease fitting to one opening. Force in a small amount of grease until grease exudes from the opposite opening. Wipe off excess grease and replace plugs. Normally a small amount of grease added once 2 month should be sufficient. These bearings are packed with NLGI #2 grease containing a lithium base suitable for anti-friction bearings. A continued use of this type grease is recommended. Certain applications require special grease for the specific application. CONVEYOR BUSHINGS Remove shaft shields to expose the two plugs, 180 degrees removed. on each of the bow! head trunnions marked “bushing”. To grease, remove both plugs, attach a grease fitting to one hole. Force in a small amount of grease until grease exudes from the op- posite hole, then replace plugs. Lubrication should be performed monthly with an NLGI #2 type grease ‘The lubrication interval may be decreased depending upon specific application requirements. Some machines are equipped with graphite lubricated bushings and do not require greasing at these locations. (See your cross - sectional assembly drawing) TRUNNION SEALS ‘The procedure for lubricating trunnion seals is identical with that for conveyor bushings. The plugs marked “‘seal" are located adjacent to the “bushing” plugs and greasing should be done at the same time that the bushings are lubricated. An NLGI #2 type grease is recommended. All machines require greasing at this location. Replace all protective covers and shields after lubrication. GEAR UNIT Gear units on all Bird centrifugals except the 54 x. 70" (1370 x 1780 mm) size have self-contained ubrication systems. The $4 x 70” (1370 x 1780 mm) ‘machine has a pressure circulating system supplying both gear and main bearings. [tis important that gear units are provided with adequate lubrication of proper quality. Gear units for all machines except the $4 x 70” (1370 x 1780 mm) are shipped filled with an SAE80:90 multi-purpose type gear lubricant with extreme pressure additive for use as “break-in” oil. The 54 x 70" (1370 x 1780 mm) gear units are shipped empty. The “break-in” oil should be left in the system for 500 hours of actual operating time under load. Atter the break-in period, the oil should be drained completely and replaced with regular service oil. This should be equal to AGMA #5 to 7 superior quality, 900-2000 SUS (200 mm?/sec) at 100°F. (38°C) with rust and oxidation inhibitors. To drain the self-con: tained unit, the drain plug should be removed and the Fig, 20 Greasing Thrust Bearing ‘opening located in the 6 o'clock position. The fill plug. which is then opposite the 12 o'clock position. should be removed and (clean, dry) low air pressure applied to1it to speed up draining. Remove oil from gear units, while warm and fluid. Do not use flushing compounds in a gear unit unless it is to be completely disassembled. After draining, the gear unit should be re-filled with the regular service oil to the prescribed level. Oil heated to approximately 1S0°F. (65°C) is easier to handle and pour. All gear units which have self-contained lubrication should have oil levels main- tained so that not more than one quart has to be added at any time. Fig. 21 Greasing Seals or BushingsFig. 22 Adcing Ol to Gea’ Unit with Set containes Lubrication The outside of the gear housing has two sets of plugs on the vertical outside face for filling and draining ‘On the older type gears, such as the SA4-51, 56, and 60, simply remove one set of plugs, place one hole at 12 o'clock and fill until oil comes up to the hole in the 11 o'clock position. ‘On the SA69 and SA70 gear units, there is an oil level line located on the face. Rotate the gear to locate this line, and remove the two plugs. With the oil fill line level, fill through the upper hole until the oil reaches the lower hole. ‘The gear unit used on the 12° x 30" (305 x 760 mm) ‘and 6” (150 mm) Centrifuge has holes located on the outside of the case. Rotate the case until the upper hole is in the 12 o'clock position. Fill until oil is visible at the bottom of the hole. Do not fill to overflowing, CAUTION — Do not overfill the gear unit. Excess cil may cause high operating temperatures and failure. Oil level should be checked frequently during the first weeks of cperation, and checked thereafter as indicated by experience. A complete oil change should be made at least every three months. SPLINE LUBRICATION ‘The spline coupling connecting the gear unit and conveyor should be packed with grease every six to eight months or whenever the gear unit is removed. A heavy duty grease such as an NLGI #2 with a MOS additive is recommended for this service.DECANTING CENTRIFUGES ‘The decanting centrifuge is the only liquid-solids separation device used on drilling fluids that can remove (decant) all free liquid from the separated solids particles, leaving only adsorbed liquid or “bound liquid,” on the surface area, This adsorbed liquid is not prone to contain solubles, such as chlorides, nor colloidal suspended solids, such as bentonite. The dissolved and suspended solids are associated with the continuous free liquid phase from which the decanting centrifuge separates the inert solids, and are removed with that liquid. The adsorbed liquid can only be removed from the separated solids by evaporation, which has been neither desirable nor practical so far in drilling mud work. Although centrifuges of other types, notably the nozzle solids discharge type with vertical axis, has been tested periodically in this country since the eatly thirties for use on weighted water base muds, the decanting centrifuge was first tested and proved adaptable as a practical field tool in 1953.' It moved rapidly into the rental field and is now recognized univer- sally as a useful tool, though perhaps not as well understood as it might be. ‘A more complete description of present decanters would be “con- tinuous conveyor, conical bowl, decanting centrifuges.” A schematic cuta- way of the actual separating chamber is shown in Figure 6-25. The size of the machines is usually given as maximum bow! diameter and length. Decanting centrifuges in drilling fluid use are the Pioneer Centrifuging Company 18° Dia. x 28" Long; Bird Machinery Co. 18° x 28° (Baroid and others); Sharples 14* x 20° (independent); and the Gilreath approximately 14” x 29° (Dresser-SWACO and others). The principle of operation is thevery high centrifugal force and in laminar flow in most machines and applications. Following Stokes Law, the solids settle outward to the outer walls, the most massive particles settling first; and the lesser ones further along the leads. Those not having committed to the solids cake against the wall by the time the slurry stream is increasing in velocity to exit through the overflow ports, will not be settled. They will pass out the overflow with the liquid. In the normally recommended operating ranges, retention time in the machines will vary from 10 to 80 seconds (less for the Gilreath- designed machine). ‘As the solids are settled outward against the wall, the conveyor con- tinuously plows or scrapes them toward the small end of the bowl, out of the pool, and across that portion of the wall between the pool and the solids underflow discharge openings called the “beach.” As the solids cake crosses the beach, all free liquid is removed by both centrifugal squeezing of the cake, The free liquid drains back to the pool, taking with it the colloidal and dissolved solids. As the separated solids discharge out the underfiow, they contain only adsorbed, or “bound,” liquid. Dilution of the feed to a decanter has only one purpose —to reduce the viscosity of the feed to aid in maintaining separation ability. The most con- venient rule of dilution is to add only enough dilution water to reduce the effluent to 37 Marsh funnel seconds but do not add any to lower the vis- cosity to less than 35 seconds. More dilution will decrease settling time ‘out of proportion to the increase in settling rate. Dilution is applicable only to water base muds. Continuous oil-phase muds respond better to heat, and stove-oil dilution for centrifuging is not advised. Heating above 90°F. (32° Celtius) for centrifuging usually is neither economical nor necessary, but separation does benefit at a decreas- ing rate up to at least 140°F. (60° Celtius). Capacities ‘The solids discharge capacity of a decanting centrifuge is limited by the volume rate of solids cake that can be moved by the conveyor and dis- charged by the underflow openings. The liquid discharge capacity of a decanter is limited by the capacity of the overflow ports to discharge liquid at whatever pool depth adjustment they may be set. The feed rate capacity of the decanting centrifuge will be determined by the volume of separable solids in the feed or by the free liquid and colloid content of the feed, ac- cording to which discharge limit is being approached —liquid or solids. This is to say that a feed mud low in solids has the feed rate limited by liquid discharge capacity; a feed very high in separable solids (a heavily weighted mud) has the feed limit determined by the solids discharge capacity. If a very fine separation is desired, it may be necessary to hold down, feed volume rate in low solids feeds to stay within laminar flow in the settling chamber and also to maintain retention time for fine separation ability.FIG. 6-25. Decanting centrifuge: sectional view of separat same for all these. All else equal, the larger machines have higher load capacities at equal separation ability, and finer separation ability at the same loads, The Gilreath machine has departures from conventional design that increase its feed capacity at a heavy sacrifice of separation ability. Operating Principles Referring to Figure 6-25, the separation occurs inside the bowl, which is rotated at speed ranges that vary (according to the bow! size, conveyor design, application, and preventive maintenance program) from 1500 to 3500 RPM. Inside the bowl is usually a double lead conveyor connected to the bow! through an 80:1 gear box so the conveyor will lose one revolution for every 80 revolutions of the bowl. Thus there is a relative rotation of 22.5 RPM when the bowl speed is 1800 RPM. This relative rotation is the conveying speed, and it can be varied by using other gear ratios. ‘The mud slurry to be treated is metered to the centrifuge through a feed tube centered in the hollow axle to the feed chamber. From there the feed passes through feed ports into the leads in the separation chamber. ‘The scrolls, or blades (one in the single lead mode), form the walls of the leads (or lead). As the slurry is slung outward into the annular ring of mud called the pool, it also accelerates to the approximate rotational speed of the conveyor and bowl. The depth of the poo! is determined by the adjust- ment of the eight to twelve overflow openings or overflow ports. ‘The slurry flows through the leads toward the overflow ports underSeparation Limite An effective decanting centrifuge for weighted water base mud work should be capable of making a separation approximately at the two micron barite particle size. Due to the settling behavior according to Stokes Law, light solids would be separated down to three microns (1" x 2 microns) in the same machine under the same conditions. In a continuous oil phase mud, the effective viscosity of the oil is greater than that of water in a water base mud, therefore the separation in the centrifuge is not as fine. FIG. 6-26. Decanting Centrifuge, Scheme of operations In field operation, the decanting centrifuge is fitted with a housing over the bowl, liquid and solids “hoppers” to take the liquid and the solids discharges of each respectively, a slurry feed pump, dilution water con- nection, and remix water connection if desired. See Figure 6-26. The feed is metered with a calibration of one kind or another. The bowl speed usually can be varied, but variation is best left to the centrifuge technician, as it is seldom either necessary or desirable. To reduce damage to expensive gears, there are shear-pins, trips, limit switches, etc. to shut down the equipment automatically in case of a solids overload. Dilution water connections should be equipped with a flow gauge or meter and a flow adjusting valve. Remix connections are usually provided. “Remix water" can be added in the housing to aid in softening the under- fiow solids for more rapid mixing into the system, or for reducing the undesfiow solids slurry density to the range of system density, as desired.SUBJECT: CENTRIFUGE ‘The purpose of this letter is to provide a general description of the Brandt/Bird centrifuge and its application for unweighted and weighted systems. I. Centrifuge Design, Specifications ‘The first centrifuges will be the large machines designed primarily far unweighted systems. These units are 24" x 38" (bowl diameter is 24", bowl, length is 38"), and will handle wp to 175 G.P.M. of an umeichted fluid. As the weight and solids content increases, the flow rate mst decrease ‘to the torque limitations of the machine. due Bird is supplying the basic centrifuge unit (skid, bowl, conveyor, gear box, and sheave for direct electric motor drive).' The Brandt Conpany is completing the centrifuge unit with a 50 HP, 230/460 electric motor, fluid cowpling, and belts. Brandt is also designing and fabricating the centri- fuge stand, control panel, electrical system, feed tank, and feed system with pumps. ‘A control panel will be mounted on the centrifuge for control of the pumps and centrifuge drive. ‘The panel also includes an elapse time meter (for maintenance purposes). The electrical system is set up so that the pumps cannot be turned on unless the centrifuge is minning. Also, when the centrifuge is shut off, the pumps are autoratically shut off. ‘This will Prevent the centrifuge from becoming loaded with solids when it is not running and will save significant dom-tine. IT. Centrifuge Rig-Up Enclosed is a diagram of the standard rig-up design for an unweighted system. ‘The desander, desilter, or mad cleaner processes the full cir- culating rate of the system. Underflow from the desander, desilter, or mud cleaner is routed to the feed tank (1). Mui from the active system is punped to the feed tank by a centrifugal pump (2) A float assenbly tank keeps the tank from overflowing (3). Both ‘The slurry of whole md and underflow is pumped to the centrifuge by the Second centrifugal pump (4). This flow can be the feed line, Macimm total feed rate will be 175 G.P.M.‘The centrifuge will typically be mounted on a stand next to the mai pit. ‘The stand is variable height (7' to 12"). For weighted systens, the Liquid and colloids (effluent) are returned to the system while solids larger than approximately 3 - 6 microns are discharged. The primary objectives of this system are to process a high volume of fluid, maximize solids discharge, and minimize liquid discharge. TTI, Electrical Power, Generators n rigs with insufficient electrical power to run the centrifuge and pumps, a generator will be required, Stan Burge, the Service and Training Aamin- istrator in Houston, will help to establish a source for generators in each area. Depending upon the size generator required (50 - 60 KW, 75 KH, 100 Ky) and the length of the rental term, the generator cost ranges from $30.00 to $70.00 per day. If a generator is required, the customer should pay for it. The Agent should arrange for the generator so that it is properly sized, in good operating condition, and the customer will receive only one bill for his total centrifuge operation. IV. Second Centrifuge Model In 1981, The Brandt Company anticipates taking delivery on a seller model centrifuge (18" x 28"). This unit is designed to process both weighted and unmeighted systems. Mxodmm total feed rate for unweighted systens will be imately 100 G.P.M. The initial feed system for this unit will be the feed tank. It is important to control the feed rate in a weighted system so that the mad is not overprocessed and the discard of liquid, gel, and chemicals is not excessive. V. Additional Information Control of standby time is very critical in the centrifuge operation, Due ‘to the large investment in the equipment, the centrifuge mist draw rent each day it is on location. We will discuss the centrifuge in more detail at the regional sales meetings this fall, and more detailed information will be distributed as it becomes available. Please call if you have any questions or would like more infor~ mation regarding the Brandt/Bird centrifuge or general oi field applications for centrifuges.SUBJECT: CENTRIFUGE FEED RATES, TORQUE LIMITS, FIELD OPERATION, RIG-UP During the last few months, key information has been obtained from centrifuge in the Rockies and California. As a result of running tests, consulting with the Bird engineers, and evaluating the centrifuge system performance ve are developing a better understanding of the feed rates, solids loading, torque limits and rig-up of the Series 200 (24" x 38") machine. FEED RATE ‘The capacity of the centrifuge is the fead rate at which the machine is torque Limited and is based on the pounds per hour of solids recovered (discharged as a solids sluny) by the centrifuge. The pounds per hour of solids that can be fed to the mechine depends upon the percent of solids recovered by the centri- fuge. Since this recovery performance can vary depending upon many conditions (cut point, solids distribution,...), the feed rate capacities may be revised as we are able to gather more field test information. ‘The following feed rate capacities are included in the centrifuge customer brochure. Monitoring these capacities, and the torque limit of the machine in the field, will allow us to operate within the torque limit of the centrifuge. ‘This will prevent overloading the machine, shearing pins, and related service problens. FEED RATE CAPACITY veIa ( 2 FEED RATE_( ) Unweighted 1s 9 150 0 100 R 60‘TORQUE LIMIT ‘The most reliable method for operating within the solids handling capacity of the machine is to measure the torque. By using a spring scale attached to the chain on the torque arm, the torque load on the machine can be measured. The pin will shear at a torque load of 600 inch-pounds. The machine should be operated at a torque load of less than 550 inch-pounds. To measure the torque, sinply attach a scale to the chain on the torque arm while the centrifuge is processing the drilling fluid. The scale should be attached at a point 10 inches from the center (on the chain). Multiply the scale reading in pounds by ten (10) to calculate torque load in inch-pounis. FIELD OPERATION In order to insure proper operation of the centrifuge within the torque limits, please follow this procedure. 1. Use the valve in the line from the feed tank to the centrifuge to control the feed rate. Crack the valve open so that the feed rate is less than the rated capacity for the weight of the feed slurry. Remenber that when the centrifuge has been dom, solids will settle in the feed tank. Revisions have been made to the tank to eliminate slugging the centrifuge with solids. and to insure a constant, homogeneous feed. However, when first starting the unit it is best to feed the centrifuge at a low rate to avoid accident- ally shearing a pin. 2. Once the unit is operating and the feed has stabilized, measure the torque . the machine to insure operation at less than 550 inch-pounds. If an increased feed rate is desired, continue to gradually open the valve and measure the torque until the desired feed rate or the 550 inch-pound tarque Limit is reached. . 3. Feed rate can be measured by closing the valve feeding the tank and strappir the tank (measuring the level drop in the tank over.a specific time period): ‘The feed tank volume is 7.8 gallons per inch, 4. In cases where operation at the maximm torque limit (550 inch~pounds) is required, please record the weight of the feed slurry and calculate the fee rate at 550 inch-pounds. It would also help to know the following conditia = mad weight ~ bole size ~ penetration rate = circulating rate = solids control rig-up (shaker screen size, mmber of desilter o éesilter or ma cleaner,...) ‘The Service and Training Coordinators will assist in obtaining this field informatRIG-UP From all data available at this time, the Series 200 centrifuge has operated in th. field according to the design specifications and limits. The centrifuge is not designed to handle solids that should be renoved by effective screening. A fine ‘screen shaker in good working condition and/or a md cleaner (screened-p) are Tequired for proper operation of the centrifuge. The use of a standard style rig-shaker and desilter, under large hole conditions with fast penetration rates, ° will usually overload the centrifuge, increase wear and maintenance, and severely restrict the feed rate to the machine. ‘ ‘he lack of proper equipment, not only adversely affects our solids omtrol servic and performance, but also significantly increases the wear on the omtrifuge. policy is to accept jobs only when the custoner will lease the necessary equiprent, at the published price. Tdeally, the whole mad pumped to the feed tank should be taken domstream from the Gesilter or md cleaner. In cases where we must tie into the suction line for the desilter (ma cleaner), this suction should be dowmstream of a fine-screen shaker | and must not come from the sand trap.I. Centrifuge Design, Specifications ‘The technical specifications for the CF-1 machine and feed tank are - . as follows: FEED TANK Length 109 inches 111 inches width 62 inches 54 inches Height 62 inches 60 inches Weight, 4700 pounds 2240 pounds Volure - 200 gallons Bowl Size 18" x 28" - Power 40 10 5 HP 460/230 Volt 460/230 Volt 3 Phase 3 Phase AC Motor AC Motor As with the CP-2 machine, Bird is supplying the basic centrifuge unit (skid, bowl, conveyor, gear box, and sheave for electric motor drive) . ‘The Brandt Company is completing the unit with a 40 HP, 230/460 electric motor, fluid coupling, and belts. Brandt is also designing and fabri- cating the centrifuge stand, control panel, electrical system, feed tank, and feed system with pumps. ‘he control panel is mounted on the centrifuge for control of the pumps and centrifuge drive. The panel also includes an elapses tine neter (for maintenance purposes). The electrical system is set up so that the punps cannot be turned on unless the centrifuge is running. Also, when the centrifuge is shut off, the pumps are automtically shut off. ‘This will prevent the centrifuge from becoming loaded with solids when it is not running and will save significant down-tine, II. Centrifuge Rig-Up ‘he initial CF-1 machines will include the feed tank system used for the (F-2 machines. This feed system is designed primarily for unweighted systems, but can also be used for weighted applications. In the future, some of the'CF-1 machines will include pumps designed to feed directly from the rig tanks to the centrifuge.qr. 4 centrifuge stand is available for rigging-up the unit. ‘he stand has 2 variable height (7' to 12') and will typically be installed next to the mud pit. In this manner, the centrifuge solids slurry can be discarded for an unweighted application and returned to the active md system for weighted applications. Electrical Power, Generators Qn rigs with insufficient electrical Power to run the centrifuge and Pumps, a generator will be required. Stan Burge, the Service and Train ing Adninistor in Houston, can help to recomend the correct type and size generator. Depending upon the size generator required (50 - 60 19, 100 Ki) and the length of the rental term, the generator cost ranges from $30.00 to $70.00 per day. A generator is not included in the rental rate, and if one is required the custoner should pay for it. The agent should arrange for the generator so that it is properly sized, in good operating condition, and the customer will receive only one bill for his total centrifuge operation. Rental Terms Control of standby time is very critical to the centrifuge operation. Due to the large investment in the equipment, the centrifuge mist draw rent each day it is on location. General ‘The brochures for the CF-1 are being developed. A CF-1 machine will be displayed at orc, Feed rates for the CF-1 machine will be published after accurate field Gata is obtained. Maximm total feed rate for unweighted systens will be approximately 100 gam. Feed rates for weighted mds (12-18 P.P.g.) will be approximately the sane as the rates for the CF-2 machines, ‘The CF-2 is sheaved to run at 1400 rpm. The CF-1 is sheaved to run at 1640 rpm.GENERATOR REQUIREMENTS AND START-UP PROCEDURE FOR BRANOT CENTRIFUGE When sizing generators specifically for Brandt Centrifuges, refer to the following recommendations: CF-1 75 KW CF-2, 50 hp 100 KW CF-2, 60 hp 125 KW The recommended CF-2 generator has 10 KW reserve power. Proper start-up of the units is as follows: 1, Start centrifuge drive motor and allow to come up to speed. 2. Start feed tank pump motor. 3. Start centrifuge pump motor. If you have any questions, contact the Technical Applications Specialist.CENTRIFUGE OPERATION Weighted and Unweighted Systems Weighted Run Tine = Only as required to control viscosity = Use mad cleaner upstream Process = 10 - 30 gm Volume ~ Be careful not to overprocess system Save = Drilled and Comercial Solids (Return to larger than 3 - 5 (1) System) Reject + Liquid, chemicals, drilled and comercial solids smaller than 3-5 (1) Benefits - Control viscosity = Does not significantly help with abrasion, filter cake, penetration rate (1) Depends on cut~point of centrifuge Maximm volure Liquid, drilled and Commercial solids smaller than 4-64 (1) Drilled solids greater than 4-6 (1) Control mad weight and viscosity, Helps with abrasion, filter cake Penetration rate, .SAFETY FIRST “Protect Yourself and Your Equipment” Proper safety precautions should be followed in installing, maintaining and/or removing this equipment. The following are some of the main precautionary measures which should be exercised: 4 Observe good safety habits at all times and use care to avoid injury to yourself or damage to your equipment. b. Be familiar with the equipment and read your ‘manual thoroughly before you work on the equipment. c. While this centrifuge has been designed and constructed to operate with a minimum of leakage of solids, liquids, or gases, the pur- chaser is warned that it is possible for leakage to develop in use which may have injurious effects on persons or property unless adequate precautions are taken by the user. Bird Machine Company, Inc. makes no represen- tation on warranty, express or implied, that leakage may not occur. It is understood that Bird Machine Company, Inc. may and does rely on the knowledge and expertise of the pur- chaser in ascertaining and providing adequate protection against injury to person or damage to property from the use of this centrifuge. 4. Use safety glasses to protect your eyes. while it is, running or while working near or on unit. €. Always disconnect electrical power at the motor starter, fuse box. or circuit breaker before handling electrical connections. Double check to be sure power is off, and that it can not be turned on while you are working on the equipment. £ Centrifugals are heavy rotating equipment, that often coast anywhere from 5 to 25 minutes after the power has been turned off. There is considerable inertia in the equipment, and no work should be commenced on the equipment until it has completely come to rest. 8. Use proper electrical installation wiring and controls consistent with local and national electrical codes. Refer to current "NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE HANDBOOK". Employ ‘qualified electricians. Be sure unit is electrically grounded, 1m, Equipment and service in the process SAFETY h. Keep all objects such as tools, clothing, hands, te., away from rotating or moving parts and from ventilation openings while equipment is running. 4. Cranes, lifting rigs. chains. cables, ete. to be used for lifting must be carefully checked before use to be sure they are sound and that lifting capacity has ample safety factor beyond the maximum weights to be handled, including resulting forces in cables or chains due to angle of lift, Slings, cables or chain should be placed as to avoid dangerous tipping of parts or unit. Test for balancing cautiously before raising units or large parts clear of supporting bases, frame or floor. kk. Stand clear as heavy parts are being lifted. Be sure equipment cannot come into contact with electrical wiring or overhead electrical cable located in or around the work area, Turn off power in such wiring or cables if there is any sibility of contact, however remote, before ig is attempted. 1. Always be sure unit is filled with correct oil to proper oil level before operating. Check regularly to assure that adequate lubrication is always maintained. dustries ‘often exposed to extreme abrasive and corrosive service. Bird will take no respon- sibility for, nor does warranty, equipment against failures due to decomposition by chemical action or wear caused by the presence of abrasive materials. The equipment is based on the user's selection of that which is suitable for this service. Nevertheless, the equipment should be carefully inspected upon disassembly for deterioration due to abrasive or corrosive effects. Equipment should not be operated until any structural deficiencies caused by the above are corrected.INSTALLATION Brandt centrifuges are designed to separate silt (2 - 7 microns) and larger sized particles from clay (smaller than 2 microns) sized particles and liquid. Preliminary separations should be achieved with Brandt shale shakers, desanders, desilters and/or mud cleaners. Failure to make such preliminary separations results in poor oper- ation and high wear of the unit. For an unweighted system, the desander and desilter or mud cleaner process the full circulating rate of the system and their underflow is routed to the feed tank (1 in Figure 2). The remainder of the feed volume (4 in Figure 2) for the centrifuge is made up of processed mud from the active system (2 in Figure 2). The coarse solids (5 in Figure 2) are discarded while the clay-liquid effluent is kept. If a feed tank is not required, the centrifuge can be fed by a skid-mounted centrifugal pump that delivers mud from the active system (Figure 1). Run in either manner, the centrifuge reduces mud abrasion and enhances wall cake properties as well as conserves the liquid phase of the mud. Page 1For a weighted system the mud cleaner processes the full cir- culating rate of the system and the centrifuge is run as needed to maintain good flow properties. This is done by discarding the clay- liquid fraction and saving the barite rich coarse solids. Since some liquid is discarded with the clay sized particles, dilution water is required to maintein system volume. PHYSICAL PLACEMENT The centrifuge and feed tank (unweighted system) or Moyno pump (weighted system) should be placed for easiest feed and dis- charge arrangements. The CF-1 is suited for use on weighted or unweighted systems, while the larger volume CF-2 finds primarily unweighted applications. The centrifuge itself may be mounted directly on the mud tanks or can be placed on a stand next to the mud tank. For unweighted systems underflow from the desander and desilter or the mud cleaner is routed to the feed tank and mud from the active system is pumped there by a centrifugal pump. A float valve keeps the tank from overflowing while a second pump feeds the centrifuge through a flexible, non-collapsible hose (both pumps are 2X3 Mission Magnums with 5 HP motors). The feed rate can be controlled by in- stalling chokes or valves in the feed line on the discharge side of the pump. Maximum feed rate is 175 GPM for the CF-2 and 100 GPM for the CF-1 when used on unweighted systems. Feed rate will de- crease as fluid density increases. The Moyno pump is a package consisting of a positive displacement Moyno pump and electrid drive with varible speed control, all mounted on a single skid. ‘The pump may be placed on the mud tank or on the Page 2ground next to the mud tank with the suction dropped directly into the appropriate pit. The pump is self priming, but the dilution -water must be turned on BEFORE the pump is started in order to lubricate the rotor and stator, preventing severe pump damage. The pump discharge may be routed directly to the centrifuge feed with a non-collapsible flexible hose. SINCE IT IS A POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP, NO OBSTRUCTIONS SHOULD BE IN THE FEED LINE (i.e. NO VALVES). DIMENSIONS Fel Er Length 108" 130 3/4" a" 92" (2743 mm) (3321 mm) (2819 mm) (2337 mm Width 62" 64 1/2" 54" 24" (1575 mm) (1638 mm) (1372 mm) (610 mm Height 62" 65" 60" 41 3/4" (1575 mm) (1651 mm) (1524 mm) (1060 mm; Weight 5000 lb. 7,500 1b. 2,240 1b. 1,144 lb (11,023 kg.) (16,535 kg.) (4,939 kg.) (2,522 ke Feed/Suction 11/2" 2" : 3" Lee ha (38 mm) (51, mm) (102 mm) (76 mm) Effluent Disch. 6" 6" 2" Fit Seed (252 mm) (152 mam) (51. mm) (51 mm) Page 3-ELECTRICAL The 40 HP CF-1 and the 50 HP CF-2 motors are 460V, 38, 60 Hz and are connected to size 4 magnetic starters mounted on the control panel. Each pump in the feed system is 5 HP 230/460, 38, 60 Hz and is connected to a size 1 magnetic starter also on the control panel. Magnum pump motors are Toshiba foot mounted shile Moyno pump motors are Reliance C face in order to mate with the Reeves variable speed drive. The pump starters are interlocked with the motor starter for shutdown when the shear pin fails and the limit switch is tripped. Pump startup is independent from centrifuge motor startup (see operation section). Power for entire system is fed to the junction box. On rigs with insufficient electrical power a generator will be required. Unit HP Gen. Size* cr-1 40 75 KW cF-2 50 100 KW *Suggested generator size for proper operation of leased centrifuges when rig power is not sufficient to carry the load. Page 4BASIC CENTRIFUGE OPERATION The decanting centrifuge removes (decants) all free liquid from the separated solids particles, leaving only absorbed liquid or “bound liquid", on the surface area. A complete description of present decanters would be "continuous conveyor, conical bowl, decanting centrifuges." A schematic cutaway of the actual separating chamber is shown in Figure 1. The size of the machines is uaually given as maximum bowl diameter and length. ‘The separation occurs inside the BOWL, which is rotated at 1650 RPM for the CF-1, 1400 for the CF-1, generating an acceleration of 650 “G"s. Inside the bowl is a CONVEYOR connected to the bowl through a gear box so there is slight speed differential. This differential is the conveying speed, and it can be varied by changing 1 planetary GEARBOX while the the gear ratios. The CF-1 uses a 4 CF-2 uses an 80:1 planetary gearbox. Page 5- ~ The mud slurry to be treated is metered to the centrifuge through a FEED PIPE centered in the hollow axle to the feed chamber. The feed passes through FEED PORTS into the LEADS in the separation chamber. As the slurry is slung outward into the annular ring of mud called the POOL, it accelerates to the ap- proximate rotational speed of the conveyor and bowl. The depth of the pool is determined by the adjustment of the EFFLUENT PORTS. The slurry flows toward the effluent ports under very high centrifugal force. The solids settle on the inner bowl wall the largest and most massive particles settling first, and the lesser ones further along the leads. Those not in the solids cake against the wall when the slurry stream exits through the overflow ports, will not be settled but will pass out the over- flow with the liquid effluent. As the solids are settled outward against the wall, the conveyor continuously plows or scrapes them toward the small end of the bowl, out of the pool, and across the BEACH. This is the drying point of the solids and is determined by pool depth and centrifuge design. In field operation, the decanting centrifuge is fitted with a housing over the bowl, liquid and solids HOPPERS to take the liquid and the solids discharges. Slurry feed pumps and dilution water connections are also used. The feed is metered with a cal- ibration of one kind or another. To reduce damage to expensive gears, there are shear-pins, and limit switches, to shut down the equipment automatically in case of a solids overload Page 6OPERATIONS SECTION Start Up For System With Feed Tanks i 2. x 4. 5. Close centrifuge feed valve. Start centrifuge motor. Start feed tank pump. Start centrifuge feed pump. Slowly open centrifuge feed valve to desired feed rate. Start Up For System With Moyno Pump a Start dilution water to Moyno pump Start centrifuge motor. Start pump motor at lowest speed setting. Open mud valve. Slowly speed up motor to give desired feed rate. Normal Operation a 2. Centrifuge on and running smoothly Dry, putty-like solids discharge on unweighted system. Effluent discharge should be 9.2 to 9.4 PPG on weighted system. Torque should be below 550 in lbs. Shutdown For System With Feed Tanks 1. 2. 3. Turn off bowl motor, feed system will stop automatically. Close centrifuge feed valve (feed tank systems only). Tarn on water to flush centrifuge bowl continuously during bowl coast down (approximately 8 - 10 minutes). Shutdown For System With Moyno Pumps Close mud valve. open dilution water wide open to flush pump and centrifuge. Shut down pump when clear water comes out of the effluent pipe. Shut off dilution water. Page 7NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER install anything but the proper shear pin in the torque arm (throat diameter of .438 in.) start Moyno pump without first turning on dilution water to lubricate rotor and stator. rotate bowl backwards with shear pin installed. Proper rotation is clockwise from effluent end. change speed on variable drive with unit off. install any valves or restrictions between the Moyno pump and the centrifuge. stop the centrifuge without properly rinsing the bowl. Page 8MAINTENANCE - ROUTINE CHECKLIST START _UP 1. CHECK for proper bowl rotation. 2. Inspect stand for cracks and stressed areas. 3. Make sure all electrical wires on the centrifuge are secured. 4. Check for and remove restrictions from the feed line. (No valve in feed from Moyno pump.) 5, Make sure there are no low places in the feed hose. 6. Check for proper feed tank pump rotation. Proper rotation direction is on pump case. 7. Check operation of the limit switch. TWICE A WEEK 1. Clean bowl case. 2. Check pool depth setting (standard setting is 14" for the CF-1, 1 3/4" for the CF-2). 3, Test limit switch shutdown. 4. Inspect wipers, bowl heads for wear. 5. Inspect belts, pillow block oil level. EVERY WEEK 1. Lubricate thrust bearing. 2. Make sure sight glass is unclogged. 3. Change oil in pillow block bearings. EVERY_MONTH 1. Change gear box oil. 2. Change fluid clutch oil with SAE-10 oil. 138 oz. in CF-2, 125 oz. in CF-1. Check conveyor wear. Page 9CHECKING ROTATIONS Centrifuge Bowl Rotation 1. Disconnect and remove shear pin. 2. Momentarily start centrifuge, proper rotation is clockwise when viewed from effluent end. If the unit is rotating the wrong way reverse any two wires on the terminal side of the starter. NOTE! Rotating centrifuge backwards with shear pin in place will damage flight blades. Pump Rotation 1. Disconnect coupling. 2. Momentarily start motor. Proper rotation is indicated on the pump casing. (If the motor is rotating the wrong way reverse any two wires on the terminal side of the starter.) NOTE! Rotating the pump backwards will result in impeller damage. Page 10PILLOW BLOCK BEARINGS Static Sump Lubrication System A. Description In this system, the bearing runs in a static pool of oil (non-circulating), the level of which is kept at the center- line of the lowest ball or roller. Lubrication is obtained by direct contact of the rolling elements with the pool of oil. B. Application When the catalog speed limit of the bearing is not exceeded, the environment is free from contaminants and the feed temperature is below 200°F, (930c), then static systems are satisfactory. When sump lubrication is employed, the proper level to be carried in the pillow blocks is indicated by’a sight gauge. The oil levels should be checked frequently and regularly. Bearings exposed to steam or water should be examined for condensation in sump. Add oil as necessary to insure that the level maintained is always at the centerline of the lowest ball or roller. Ex- tension pipes to sight gauge may become plugged and this will prevent true level indication. Sight gauge vents must always be kept open for the same reason. These items should be checked at least as often as oil is changed. suggested that bearing oi] be replaced every week under oilfield operating conditions. Refill to proper level with AGMA #3 oil. The bearing housing can be flushed with diesel when oil changes are made in order to remove a Page 11any residual matter which may contaminate the fresh oil To flush out bearing hosuings properly, use clean diesel, while slowly turning the rotating assembly by hand. This will wash out dirt, grit and sludged oil. Continue to turn the rotating assembly slowly while draining to insure the most com- plete removal of flushing diesel and contaminants. Page 12THRUST BEARINGS ‘The thrust bearings, mounted inside of the driven sheave are grease lubricated. To lubricate them it is first necessary to remove protective covers then remove both plugs from the bearing cap and attach a grease fitting to one opening. Force in a small amount of grease until grease exudes from the opposite opening. Wipe off excess grease and replace plugs. Allowing the grease fitting to remain in place can result in fitting failure, loss of grease and bearing failure. Normally a small amount of grease added once a week should be sufficient. These bearings are packed with NLGI #2 grease containing a lithium base suitable for anti-friction bearings. A continued use of this type grease is recommended. SPLINE LUBRICATION The spline coupling connecting the gear unit and conveyor should be packed with grease whenever the gear unit is removed. A heavy duty grease such as an NLGI #2 with a MOS additive is recommended for this service. Page 13GEAR UNIT Gear units on the TBC/Bird centrifugal have self-contained lubrication systems. It is important that gear units are provided with adequate lubrica- tion of proper quality. Gear units are shipped filled with an SAE80-90 multi- purpose type gear lubricant with extreme pressure additive for use as “break-in” oil. The "break-in" 6i1 should be left in the system for 500 hours of actual operating time under load. After the break-in period, the oil should be drained completely and replaced with regular service oil. This should be an AGMA #5 non-detergent superior quality oil, with rust and oxidation inhibitors. (See chart on P. for recommended oils.) To drain the self-contained unit, the drain plug should be removed and the opening located in the 6 o'clock position. The fill plug, which is then opposite the 12 o'clock pos- ition, should be removed and (clean, dry) low air pressure applied to it to speed up draining. Remove oil from gear units while warm and* fluid. Do not use flushing compounds in a gear unit unless it is to be completely disassembled. After draining, the gear unit should be refilled with the regular service oil to the prescribed level. Oil heated to approximately 150° F. (65° C) is easier to handle and pour. All gear units which have self-contained lubrications should have oil levels maintained so that not more than one quart has to be added at any time. The outside of the gear housing has two sets of plugs on the vertical outside face for filling and draining. Page 14FEED SYSTEMS FEED TANK ASSEMBLY (FT) The feed tank assembly is composed of a 4' diameter 260 gallon tank and two 3X2 Mission Magnum pumps with 5 HP motors with necessary valves and piping, all mounted on an oilfield style skid. One of the pumps draws suction from the active system and discharges into the feed tank. It's discharge to the tank is regulated by a float actuated Kim Ray valve. The other pump takes suction from the tank and feeds the centrifuge. Mission magnum pumps are equipped with mechanical seals that need no maintenance. The packing gland, and in some cases a few strips of packing, are only there as a stopgap measure for the possibility of seal failure. Once a mechanical seal starts to leak, tightening the packing gland will not help it. The shaft bearings will need to be lubricated with two shots of grease once per week. Every rig visit check the float arm assembly on the Kim Ray valve for free movement and give the valve bonnet a couple of shots of grease. Keep the pivot and float assembly free of solids that would affect its free movement. ELFCTRIC MAGNUM PUMP (EMP) A skid mounted 3 xX 2 mission magnum pump with 6 hp motor may be used when a feed tank is not required. Maintenance for this pump is the same as for the magnums on the feed tank. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP (PDP) A size 1EOES1 Moyno positive displacement pump driven by a 5 hp motor through a Reeves varispeed motodrive composes the PDP. This pump package is used primarily to feed weighted mud to the centrifuge but will work equally as well on an unweighted mud. The pump draws suction from the active system and feeds directly to the centrifuge. The dilution fluid, which is connected on the suction side, is mon- itored by a Ratosight flow indicator. Page 16Always be sure dilution fluid is turned on before starting the pump to prevent rotor and stator burnout. The shaft bearings on the Moyno pump require one shot of grease per week as does the belt end of the Reeves varidrive. ‘The output end of the varidrive is splash lubricated. The oil level can be checked by removing the plug. If oil weeps from the plug, the level is fine. Check the oil level once a week and change the oil once a month. Use SAE 40 unless the temperature is constantly below 40° F, In that case use SAE 20. Page 17CENTRIFUGE DESIGN, SPECIFICATIONS The technical specifications for the CF-1 and CF-2 machines are as follows: cra Length: 109" Width: ——e Heigth: 62" Weight: 4700 LBS Bowl Size: 18"x28" Power: 40-HP 460/230 volt 3-Phase AC Motor RPM: 1640 CENTRIFUGE FEED RATES (A) CF-1 Feed Rates Weight LBS/GAL unweighted 9 10 12 14 +16 18 (B) CF-2 Feed Rates Weight LBS/GAL unweighted 9 10 12 14 16 18 cr-2 Length: 130" Width: tole Heigth: 66" Weight: 7500 LBS Bowl Size: 24°X38" Power: 50-HP 460/230 volt 3-Phase AC Mo 1400 Maximum Feed 100 gpm 80 gpm 70 gpm 60 gpm 40 gpm 30 gpm 25 gpm Maximum Feed 175 gpm 150 gpm 100 gpm 60 gpm 40 gpm 30 gpm 25 gpmPROBLEM Pin shears on start up. Pin shears while running. TROUBLESHOOTING SYMPTOM Too many solids left in bowl. Bowl packed off. Bowl is overfed. Bowl is being fed with sudden surges of solids (slugged) . Insufficient support. Discharge backing up Insufficient cleanout No solids dis- charge or liquid from the solids end CAUSE Bowl was not washed out after shutdown. Bowl was overfed for a period of time by too high a feed rate or a limit switch failure. Solids loading increased, Feed hose too large, low spot in hose, Stand is not adequately braced. Plugged solids or effluent hoppers broken feedpipe Cake still in bowl No well cake SOLUTION Feed water through bowl and turn by hand until clean replace pin, restart Plug bottom 2 effluent ports feed water through the top port until full, remove pin and rotate Back wards. Drain while rotating bowl by hand. Repeat until clean. Replace pin and restart. Reduce feed rate replace pin restart. Reduce size of hose. Arrange hose so there are no low spots. Clean tanks. Check for buildup of solids near pump suction. Brace the stand. Dislodge obstruction Replace feedpipe Flush bowl Feed (temporarily) with heavier mud to produce cake. (Try feeding from pit next to shaker until cake is formed.Adjust repair or PROBLEM SYMPTOM CAUSE SOLUTION Excessive vib- Rotating-assembly Effluent plates ration has lost balance leak, effluent Centrifuge motor Motor turns, but failure centrifuge does not turn Motor will not run continuously Motor will not run plates are lost, bowl or case plows are damaged or lost. Drive belt slipping. No fluid in clutch. Undersized overload heaters. Motor single phasing. Voltage or cycle fluctuations. Back clutch bearing frozen. Power off at generator. Wires damaged between generator and motor. No power at terminal side of starter. Burned out due to oversized overload heaters. Burned out due to water in motor. replace plates, replace plates, replace plows Tighten belts. See pg for procedure. Fill with correct fluid to proper level. See pg __ for procedure. Replace with correct heater i elements. Normally AMP reading will be lower than / rated and within lo: of each other. If this is not the case contact the rig ele trician and ask him’ correct the service, Check electrical | point. Replace bearing or whole clutch assembly. Turn power on. Repair as indicated. Replace starter. Replace motor. Replace heater elements with proper size. Do not direct pressured stream moiPROBLEM Feed pump motor failure. SYMPTOM Motor will not run continuously. Motor will not run. CAUSE Burned out due to water in motor. overgreasing motor. Limit switch wired backwards. Undersized over- load heaters. Motor single- phasing. Voltage or cycle fluctuations. Power off at centrifuge. Wires damaged between centrifuge control panel and motor. No power at terminal side of starter. Burned out due to oversized overload heaters. Burned out due to water in motor. Overgreasing motor. Limit switch wired backwards. SOLUTION Do not direct pressured stream motor. Remove drain plug before greasing. Motor must be rebuilt Rewire according to diagram. Replace with correct heater elements. Normally AMP readings will be lower than rated and within 10% of each other. If this is not the case, contact the rig electrician and ask him to correc the service. Check electrical point. Start centrifuge first Repair as indicated. Replace starter Replace motor. Replace heater elements with proper size. Do not direct pressured stream‘ motor. Remove drain plug before greasing. Motor must be rebuilt Rewire according to diagram. (SA-739)CENTRIFUGE ROUTINE INSPECTION AND SERVICE CF-1 cF-2 WEEKLY 1. Clean Bowl Case x x 2. Check Pool Depth Setting x x 3. Test Limit Switch Shutdown x x 4. Inspect for Wear-Wipers, Bow! Heads x x 5. Inspect Belts, Fluid Clutch Lubrication x x 200 HOURS OR 1 MONTH 1, Lubricate Thrust Bearing x x 500 HOURS OR 3 MONTHS 1. Change Gearbox “Break-In 011" x x 1000 HOURS OR 3 MONTHS 1, Regular Gear Box 011 Change x 2. Lubricate Pillow Block Bearings x YEARLY 1. Change Fluid Clutch 017 x x For proper lubrication procedures please consult the Lubrication Section from the Bird Centrifuge Manual included in this Section.wed REPLACEMENT PARTS UST i i t; wh on 1 I, HOLES (4) 6 ceruent osounoe 8 1/0 ALY aye. haze se en) . , z Le} Has} 8 —— ‘a & fe sons YE 3170-4] b}—2e-O60 ae Se See Saree] Thue taints ar ESERIES ras] eee Kiodwio3 ypuoig ou) ey Bs nner Serer seo ie == == =e Ee =e ee ie ae EEE Ee fHAupdwio9Aupdwiog ypueig oul _— TAL ed —ssvana is Sa ul SARTE TQ CTE __| = S SS“einpscoid dnyeys 4ed ye}sSeu ‘pauyeyqo s} uO}e}01 Bau} usuM, “JO49NS UO!JE}O Jed puey Aq Buyjejou a11UM adid paey nay) zeyem YM |mog YSN pue uid seeys ueyo1q aoejdal ‘paddojs sey uoljejol sayy “einpecsoid uMop -yNYs MoO}jO} ‘dnye}s uO sjrey ud seEYs 4] "DN INYVM (uoneoyddy payyBien Ajewtig) Paujnbeu se ayes seyeMm UONNIIP JsN{py ‘9 87€1 P89} Paisep 0} anyen peo oGnyyyUSo UsdO A[MOIS “¢ duund pea; ainyyjueo pels “py duund yue} pas} yeIs “¢ peads 0} dn awos 0} jmog Moje pue JOJOW [MOG UeIS *Z anjea paey aBnjuUa0 esojD “1 S3YdNdsa0O"d dNLYVLS‘dnyejs uo ebewep eulyoewW aJaAeVS Ul }jNse1 AewW spljos 4ea}d Aja}a|dwoo 0} jmMoq YsNy Oo} aunye4 -5N I NUHvV. iN “umop yse0o jmog Buy “INP seyNuiw Gg 10} |Mog eHny14JUad YSN O} JayeM UO WNL “E “anjea paoy pnw abryyyuso asojo -Z (doys Ajpeoryewoyne jj duund yue} pee} pue dund pee; eGnj\yjuao) 10JOoW jmoq do}s *} aYNdsadD0”"dd NMOGLNHS“syeeiq uid Jeeys UayM YOUMs UI] OU} di} [1M We EY) yey} ULEUEd aq 0} puey Aq y901q uld JeeYs ayeyou ‘ud seays Buloejday a1ojag °g “uojuid ainoes 0} pasn eq uld seays sedoid & ueY} Joyo BulyyAue pinoys suo}, “IPUOO Ou JapUN pue [Mog UO UN} O} Jaye JOU og “Mowe uol}e}0I Jed UOaIp 39909 U! 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