Brand Name: BIOCON

Generic Name: Ceftriaxone Na

Classification: Anti-infective; Antibiotic; Third-Generation Cephalosporin Dosage & Route: 1 Gr Vial (IV Infusion)
Mechanism of Action: Semisynthetic third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Preferentially binds to one or more of the penicillin-binding
proteins (PBP) located on cell walls of susceptible organisms. This inhibits third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, thus killing the
bacterium.
Indications: Effectively treats bone and joint infections, gonorrhea and intra-abdominal infections, meningitis and lower respiratory tract
infections, otitis media, pelvic inflammatory disease, Proteus infections, septicemia, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, and
is used for surgical prophylaxis, reducing or eliminating infection. Infections caused by susceptible organisms in lower respiratory tract, skin and
skin structures, urinary tract, bones and joints; also, intra-abdominal infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, uncomplicated gonorrhea,
meningitis, and surgical prophylaxis.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins and related antibiotics; pregnancy (category B).
Adverse & Side effects: Pruritus, fever, chills, pain, induration at IM injection site; phlebitis (IV site). GI: Diarrhea, abdominal cramps,
pseudomembranous colitis, biliary sludge. Urogenital: Genital pruritus; moniliasis.
Nursing Responsibilities:
Assessment & Drug Effects
 Determine history of hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins and penicillins and history of other allergies, particularly to drugs, before
therapy is initiated.
 Lab tests: Perform culture and sensitivity tests before initiation of therapy and periodically during therapy. Dosage may be started pending
test results. Periodic coagulation studies (PT and INR) should be done.
 Inspect injection sites for induration and inflammation. Rotate sites. Note IV injection sites for signs of phlebitis (redness, swelling, pain).
 Monitor for manifestations of hypersensitivity. Report their appearance promptly and discontinue drug.
 Watch for and report signs: petechiae, ecchymotic areas, epistaxis, or any unexplained bleeding. Ceftriaxone appears to alter vitamin K–
producing gut bacteria; therefore, hypoprothrombinemic bleeding may occur.
 Check for fever if diarrhea occurs: Report both promptly. The incidence of antibiotic-produced pseudomembranous colitis is higher than
with most cephalosporins. Most vulnerable patients: chronically ill or debilitated older adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
Patient & Family Education
 Report any signs of bleeding.
 Report loose stools or diarrhea promptly.
 Do not breast feed while taking this drug without consulting physician.
Brand Name: ALBUTEROL

ABVillalon
Generic Name: Salbutamol
Classification: Bronchodilators, Adrenergics
Mechanism of Action: It relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchioles allowing maximum passage of air. It decreases intracellular calcium
which will relax the smooth muscles of the lungs by mobilizing kinase through activation of cyclic-3’5’-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
Indications: Treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in asthma or COPD
 Quick relief of bronchospasm induced through both exercise and physiological alterations.
 To control and prevent reversible airway obstruction caused by bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as
emphysema and chronic bronchitis as well as other obstructive pulmonary diseases.
 Inhalation: treatment of acute attacks of bronchospasm
 Unlabeled use: Adjunct in treating moderate to severe hyperkalemia in dialysis patients; seems to lower potassium concentrations when
inhaled by patients on hemodialysis
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to salbutamol, Tachyarrhythmias and tachycardia caused by digitalis intoxication, Patients with
degenerative heart diseases Use cautiously with patients who have diabetes as this can aggravate diabetes and ketoacidosis, Use cautiously in
elderly because they are more sensitive to CNS effects
Side effects & Adverse effects: (all systems involved)
 CNS: Restlessness, apprehension, anxiety, fear, CNS stimulation, vertigo, headache, weakness, tremors, drowsiness
 CV: Cardiac arrhythmias, palpitations, tachycardia
 Dermatologic: Sweating, pallor, flushing
 GI: Nausea, vomiting, heartburn, unusual or bad taste in the mouth
 Respiratory: Respiratory difficulties, pulmonary edema, coughing, bronchospasm, paradoxical airway resistance with repeated, excessive
use of inhalation preparations
Nursing Responsibilities:
 Administer accurately because adverse reactions and tolerance might occur.
 Raise side rails up because client might be restless and drowsy because of this drug.
 Keep room well-lit and see to it that client has a person with him closely in case of vertigo.
 Provide oral care or let patient gurgle after inhalation to get rid of the unpleasant aftertaste of the inhalation.
 Auscultate lungs for presence of adventitious breath sounds that may signal pulmonary edema, airway resistance or bronchospasm.

Brand Name: BIOGESIC

Generic Name: Paracetamol
ABVillalon
Classification: Antipyretic
Dosage & Route: 250 mg/ 5mL, 60 mL syrup (Oral)
Mechanism of Action: acts in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2 AND
COX-3 enzymes involve in prostaglandin synthesis. The antipyretic properties are due to the direct effects on the heat-regulating centers of the
hypothalamus resulting in peripheral vasodilation, sweating and hence heat dissipation
Indications: this drug is used to treat mild to moderate pain and to reduce fever
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the medication, medical history of liver disease, regular/abuse of alcohol pregnant women.
Side effects & Adverse Effects: Allergic skin reactions, GI disturbances
Nursing Responsibilities:
 Check that the patient is not taking any other medication containing paracetamol
 Monitor patient’s last dose before giving another dose
 Make sure patients are aware they must not exceed recommended dose

Brand Name: ZINACEF

Generic Name: Cefuroxime
Classification: Anti-infective; Second-Generation Cephalosporin
Mechanism of Action: Binds to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death
ABVillalon
Indications: Treatment of respiratory tract infections, skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infections (IV), Urinary Tract Infections,
Gynecological Infections, Septicemia (IV), Otitis media (PO), Meningitis (IV), Lyme disease (PO).
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins; serious hypersensitivity to penicillins.
Side effects & Adverse effects: (all systems involved)
 CNS: Seizures (high doses)
 Derm: Rash, urticaria, diaper dermatitis
 GI: (CDAD): Clostridioides Difficile-Associated Diarrhea, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cramps
 Hemat: bleeding, eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia
 Local: pain at IM site, phlebitis at IV site
 Misc: Hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis), superinfection
Nursing Responsibilities:
 Assess for infection (vital signs; appearance of wound, sputum, urine and stool; WBC) at beginning of and throughout therapy
 Before initiating therapy, obtain a history to determine previous use of and reactions to penicillin or cephalosporins. Persons with a negative
history of penicillin sensitivity may still have an allergic response.
 Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity before initiating therapy. First dose may be given before receiving results
 Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing). Discontinue the drug and notify health
care professional immediately if these symptoms occur. Keep epinephrine, an antihistamine, and resuscitation equipment close by in the
event of an anaphylactic reaction.
 Monitor bowel function. Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, and bloody stools should be reported to health care professional promptly as
a sign of Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). May begin up to several week following cessation of therapy.
 Lab Test considerations: may cause positive results for Coombs’ Test
 May cause increase Serum AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, LDH, BUN, and serum creatinine.
 May rarely cause leukopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia.

D5LR

ABVillalon