1. Describe Agile methods and identify when to use them.

(5 points)

Agile software development is a form of adaptive software development. An approach to managing

projects that includes an iterative workflow

2. Define project management. (5 points)

Project management is the practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing the
work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at a specified time.

3. Describe the role of the project manager in IT projects. (5 points)

The roles of a project manager are a person who has the overall responsibility for the successful
initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring, controlling, and closure of a project. It also
encompasses many activities like planning and defining scope, resource planning, Developing
schedules. And Time Estimate, Cost Estimate and Documentation.

4. What role does business management play in developing and improving computer systems? (5
points)

Business management plays an effective role in making sure that all the relevant computer
systems are developed and working in accordance with what are the market requirements. They
help in playing the role of planning advisor ad they would study what the job structure is like,
the environment requirements, the customers' requirements and the employee's requirements
all together to have the right computer system that would make the employees work in the best
way to achieve the goals set and to make the customers satisfied too. It also helps in making
sure the right infrastructure is maintained for the computer systems which would require the
insurance of the systems, the environment of technology, virus prone systems availability of
resources, internet, rooms, safety, alarms and networked connections all together. Also,
relevant teaching, training, skill enhancement, development and how to make the optimum
utilization of the computer systems without invading the privacy and causing damage to the
employees or the systems is also maintained.

5. Explain the role that project management plays in improving the success rate of IT projects. (5
points)

The roles project management plays leading roles in planning. Executing, monitoring, controlling and
closing project. They are accountable for the entire project scope, project team, resources, and
success or failure of the project

6. Describe the triple constraint. What are the three components and what is the relationship
between them? (5 points)
This project is constrained in different way by its scope, time and cost goals. These limitations are
sometimes referred to in project management as a triple constraint. To create a successful project, a
project manager must consider scope, time and cost balance these three often competing goal.
Scope will be done a part of the project, which is a unique product, service, or result does the customer
or sponsor expect from the project.
Time: It tells you how long it takes to complete the project, that a project schedule and who can approve
the changes to the schedule.
Costs: deal with the complete cost of the project, how the project is budget and who can authorize
changes to

7. List and describe each of the ten project management knowledge areas. (5 points)

 Project integration management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of
the other knowledge areas.
 Project scope management that involves defining and managing all the work require completing
the project successfully.
 Project time management includes estimating how long it will take to complete the work,
developing an acceptable project schedule, and ensuring timely completion of the project.
 Project cost management consists of preparing and managing the budget for the project.
 Project quality management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for
which it was undertaken.
 Project human resources is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with the
project.
 Project communication management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing
project information.
 Project risk management includes identifying, analyzing, and responding to risk related to the
project.
 Project procurement management involves acquiring or procuring goods and services for a
project from outside the performing organization.
 Project integration management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of
the other knowledge areas.
 Project stakeholder management comes down to serving the stakeholders by completing the
project to their standards. To gauge who the stakeholders are, you must perform a stakeholder
analysis. This will allow you to see what the stakeholders expect from the completed project.
This means listening to each stakeholder and prioritizing what their concerns are and how they
may impact the project.

8. Describe the concept of a systems approach. (5 points)

A system approach is the study of a firm in its totality, so that the workforce and material resources of
the firm can be organized to realize the firm’s overall objective as efficiently as possible. This approach is
quickly becoming an essential approach because of the growth and complexity of firms, plus the
increasing potential of automation. This is commonly used to evaluate market elements which affect the
profitability of a business.
 9. Describe each of the three major types of organizational structure. (5 points)

Functional organizational structure is what most people think of when picturing an organization chart.
Functional managers or vice presidents in specialties such as engineering, manufacturing, information
technology (IT) and human resources report to the chief executive officer, or CEO. The staffs under them
have specialized skills in their respective fields. This top-down way of management means the CEO, gives
their message and direction to the functional mangers and the information is usually disseminated
down.
Project organizational structure also has a hierarchical structure, but instead of functional manager or
vice presidents reporting to the CEO, program manager report to CEO. Their staffs have variety of skills
needed to complete the project within their programs. An organization that uses this structure earns
their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contacts. For example, many
defense, architectural, engineering and consulting companies use a project organizational structure. 
Matrix organizational structure is a combination between functional and project structures. For
example, information technology personnel at many companies may split their time between many
different projects, but report back to their manager in the information technology department. Project
manager in matrix organizations have staff from various functional area working on their projects. This
organization can be strong and weak or balance, this is up to the project managers managing style and
people skills. Not having a blended team with different focuses, invested in their current project can
lead to problems.

10. Why is top management commitment crucial for project managers? (5 points)

Project managers need adequate resources to fulfill the job to the best of their ability. Without the
required money, human resource and visibility for the project, it is highly unlikely that it will be
successful. If project managers have top management commitment, they will also have adequate
resources and will be able to focus on their specific projects, without dealing with outside noise and
issues. The managers often require approval of unique project needs in a timely manner. For example,
top management must understand that unexpected problems may result from the nature of the product
being produced and the specified skills of the people on the project team. In the structure of the team,
management should give the managers the right tools for the job; be it manpower, money, resources,
and time.