For my device presentation, I chose to make an essay report on Light Bulbs.

Specifically the
incandescent type of light bulbs. I chose incandescent light bulbs because they allow me to see
in the dark and provide us with the light we require. It's good for seeing small things, and it
makes me see images and words more clearly.

Electronics aren't included in incandescent light bulbs because they're already electronics!
Incandescent light bulbs are based on the principle of incandescence, which is the production
of light by heat. A thin metal filament is heated by passing an electric current through it until it
glows and produces light.

Parts of A Light Bulb

First, let's take a look at the Glass. In this case, the Glass Closure, or Class Bulb, keeps oxygen
and air from reaching the hot filament. If the light bulb contains said oxygen, the filament will
quickly oxidize and heat up until it burns out. The filament weakens to the point where it
breaks, and electricity can no longer flow through the bulb. Another function of the bulb is that
it is typically spherical and acts as a vacuum, preventing air from entering the light bulb.

Some light bulbs are filled with Inert Gas instead of a spherical bulb to create a vacuum. "Inert"
is defined as "a lack of ability to move." Filling a bulb with inert gases, such as argon or
nitrogen, slows the evaporation of the tungsten filament and creates a vacuum. The heated
atoms from the tungsten are bounced back to the filament by Argon, the main inert gas used in
light bulbs, preventing the atoms from spreading and coating the inside of the bulb. Argon and
other inert gases are also used to extend the life of light bulbs.

The Tungsten Filament was invented by Thomas Edison, a famous scientist. It is an important
component of the light bulb. It is also the primary source of light bulb power. Tungsten, also
known as Wolfram, is a chemical element with the symbol W and the atomic number 74 on the
periodic table. Tungsten is a metal chemical that is used in a variety of applications, including
welding, radiation shielding, superalloys, and light bulbs. Because tungsten is a very durable
chemical with the highest melting point of all elements discovered, it is primarily used in these
items and fields.

It has a melting point of 6,192 degrees Fahrenheit (3,422 degrees Celsius). Tungsten is an ideal
filament material because of its white-hot glow and ability to render lifelike colors. The
tungsten filament in a light bulb can reach temperatures of up to 4,500 degrees Fahrenheit.

A "coiled-coil" is made up of multiple coils of coiled wire. The uncoiled length of a tungsten
filament in a 60-watt 120-volt lamp is usually 22 in, and the filament diameter is 0.0018 in. The
coiled-coil has the advantage of evaporating the tungsten filament at the rate of a tungsten
cylinder with the same diameter as the coiled-coil. Light-emitting power evaporates more
slowly than a straight filament. As a result, the filament can run hotter, producing a more
efficient light source that lasts longer than a straight filament running at the same temperature.
The stem and insulator then have two contact wires that go in and out, which we'll discuss
later. These two connecting wires ensure a constant flow of electricity through the light bulb's
components. This works in the same way that blood does when it travels to and from the heart.
The first connecting wire passes through the insulation and connects to the tungsten filament
after exiting the electrical connector at the bottom of the light bulb. The second connecting
wire runs from the insulator's side and then connecting to the filament. The first wire exits the
stem, while the second wire is inserted into it.

A pair of thin wires support the filament and keep it from contacting the base's globe when
electricity is flowing. These two support wires emerge from the bulb's stem at the top. The
stem is the central component of a glass light bulb, also known as a glass mount. The tungsten
filament and two supporting wires are held in place by the stem.

Then there are the Caps, which are also known as sleeves, bulb sockets, and other terms. The
insulator and the light bulb are both wrapped in these sleeves. The socket also alters the fitting,
which can be used with a variety of lamps or a different light source. The Bayonet Caps (BC) and
Edison Screw Caps (EC) are the two main types of these sockets. Bayonet Caps are being
gradually disappearing. Edison Screw Caps are bulbs with right-hand threaded metal bases that
screw into threaded sockets, which are the lamp holders.

In the light bulb, there is an insulator between the conductor that leads up to the filament and
the conductor that leads away from the filament. Insulator atoms do not accept or transfer
electrons, whereas conductor atoms do. The insulator is the base for the stem and holds both
connecting wires. The bulb cap covers it, and it is also where the electrical connection is made.
The electrical connection is good, as it allows electricity from the lamp, lamp holder, to enter
and pass through the bulb, allowing it to work.

How do Light Bulbs Emit Light?

Let's take a look at how light bulbs work. However, we must first learn about atoms, light, and
how it is emitted. Atoms are the basic building blocks of everything. These atoms are composed
of smaller particles. Atoms are made up of tiny particle-like packets that contain momentum
and energy but no mass. These particles are known as light photons, which are the fundamental
units of light. When electrons in an atom become excited, photons are released.

Electrons are negatively charged particles that circulate the nucleus, or core, of an atom. The
energy level of electrons varies depending on a variety of factors, including speed and distance.
Higher-energy electrons move away from the nucleus to orbitals further away. Whether an
atom gains or loses energy is determined by the movement of electrons.
When something transfers energy to an atom, an electron may be temporarily boosted to a
higher orbital (farther away from the nucleus). The electron only stays in this position for a
fraction of a second before being dragged back toward the nucleus and into its original orbital.
When the electron returns to its original orbital, it releases the extra energy in the form of a
photon, which is sometimes a light photon.

The amount of energy emitted determines the wavelength of light (which determines the
color). This is dependent on the electron's specific position. Different types of atoms will emit
different types of light photons, which is a problem. The type of atom that is excited determines
the color of the light.

After, we'll learn how a bulb works and emits light. When placed onto something that can emit
and run electrical currents, for example, a lamp, the currents will travel into the bulb from the
connector into the tungsten filament. When the filament heats up, it makes light. In the
modern era, this happens almost instantly. When the filament heats up, this makes the
electrons inside the bulb, it'll make wavelengths of light.

How Are Light Bulbs Made?

The light bulb factory has 2 separate production lines that eventually merge and connect. The
first production line makes and starts the glass bulbs. The other production line makes the
mount (stem) and all the other electrical components inside the bulb.

A machine on the mount line cuts glass tubing into precise lengths and sizes. The tubes are then
passed through a gas flame, which heats them all for about 7 seconds. This smoothes the
surface of the glass by heating it. The tubes are then fed into a flare-making machine, which
transforms the glass into a malleable substance.

After that, it flares out one end. Two copper wires are inserted into the flared ends of the tubes
by the next machine. The exhaust tube, made of tin plastic, is then inserted. The glass softens
after passing through progressively hotter tubers. The wires are then squashed and encased in
glass using a press. The machine also makes a small hole in the glass between the wires at the
same time. Later on, this will allow air to escape from the bulb. The wires are then separated
and the ends are formed into hooks by a machine.

After that, the hooks are inserted into the tungsten filament. The bulbs are made from low-cost
glass. On the top of each bulb, a machine stamps the voltage, wattage, and company logo.

The silicone powder is then injected into the bulbs, which is then charged with 30,000 volts,
causing a tint to appear inside the glass. The moisture is then evaporated, and impurities are
removed by flames. These bulbs are then mounted and heated. The base is then molded by a
machine. The bulbs are then filled with inert gas by machines. The copper wires are then
inserted and secured inside. The socket is then screwed into place on top. The electrical
contacts are then added to the ends by a machine. Then it pushes in voltages repeatedly to
finish these bulbs.

Conclusion

This is how incandescent light bulbs work, their parts, how they're made, and a little lesson on
atoms and light photons!