ah Designation: C 642 - 90 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete* “Ths staat vod under the fined detarstion C642; he sumer imines flowing th Gesgaation indate the yen of ‘fil aston ori the ape feo, te eat fla tng nurnber im parenthetical fe ea ofa FaDgHO A Superscript epson fe taicaes am eit change snc The ese ein a seappena 4. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determinations of specific gravity, percent absorption, and percent voids in hardened concrete 2, Significance and Use 21 This test method is useful in developing the data required for mass/volume conversions for concrete. It can be sed to determine conformance with concrete specifications and to show variability from place to place within a mass of concrete, AS, Apparatus 3.1 Balance, sensitive to 0.025 % of the weight of the specimen, 3.2 Container, suitable for immersing the specimen and suitable wire for suspending the specimen in water. 4. Test Specimen 4.1, Whenever possible, the sample shall consist of several individual portions of concrete, each to be tested separately, ‘The individual portions may be pieces of cylinders, cores, or teams of any desited shape or size, except that the volume of tach portion shall be not less than 350 cm? (or 28 02 normal ‘eight concrete, approximately 800 g), and each portion stl be free from observable cracks, fissures, or shattered sees 5, Procedure 5.1 Oven-Dry Weight —Weigh the portions, and dry in an sven ata temperature of 212 to 230°F (100 to 110°C) for not less than 24 b, Alter removing each specimen ftom the oven, allow it 10 cool in dry air (preferably in a desiccator) to a temperature of 68 to 77°F (20 to 25°C) and weigh, If the Specimen was comparatively dry when first weighed and the sesond sseight closely agrees with the frst, consider it dry. IE tte specimen was wet when first weighed, place it in the over for a second drying treatment of 24 b and reweigh. If the ttrd weight checks the second, consider the specimen dry. In «ase of any doubt, redry the specimen for 24-h periods until ‘eck weights are cbtained. ifthe difference between values sbiained trom two successive weighings exceeds 0.5 % of the lesser weight, return the specimens to the oven for an VIN st met is under the jarstcton of ASTM Commitee C9 on Ecce ane Concee agate ae the Se esponsblty of Subeome (O¥ED on Miceloneoes Tet or Corte Curent edition pptowed Apt 27, 196. Peblahed June 1950, Onginaly pilin 98 C 642-697 Last previous ediion C682 = 82 307 additionat 24-h drying period, and repeat the procedure until the difference between any two successive weights is less than 0.5% of the lowest weight obtained, Designate this ‘ast weight 4. 5.2 Satwated Weight After Immersion—Immerse the specimen, after final drying, cooling, and weighing, in water at approximately 70°F (21°C) for not fess than 48 h and until two successive weighings of the surface-dried sample at intervals of 24 h show an increase in weight of less than 0.5% of the heavier weight, Surface-dry the specimen by removing surface moisture with a towel, and weigh. Desig- nate the final surface-dry weight after immersion B 5.3 Saturated Weighi After Boiling —Place the specimen, processed in accordance with 5.2, in a suitable receptacle, covered with tap water, and boil for § h, Allow it to coo! by rratural loss of heat_for not less than 14h to a final temperature of 68 to 77°F (20 to 25°C). Remove the surface moisture with a towel and weigh the specimen, Designate the soaked, boiled, surface-dried weight C. 5.4 Immersed Weight--Suspend the specimen, after im- rmersion and boiting, by a wire and weigh in water. Designate this weight D. 6. Calculation 6.4 By using the weights determined in accordance with the procedures described in Section 5, make the following calculations: Absorption alter immersion, = ((B — AYA] x 100 ay Absomption ater immersion and boiling. % = (C~ 43/4} x 100 (2) Bulk sp, dry = AKC D) = gy eB Bulk sp gr after immersion = BAC - Dy io Bulk sp gr after immersion and boiling = CAC ~ D) 6 Aoparent sp ur = Aid = D) = gy o Volume of permeable pore space (voids), & = (g, ~ gs X 100 or (C= ADC = DY x 100 o where: 4. = grams of oven-dried sample in air, B= grams of surfacedry sample in aiz after immersion, C = grams of surface-dry sample in air after immersion and boiling, rams of sample in water after immersion and boiling, 8) = butk specific gravity, dry, and 2 ™ apparent specific gravity 7. Example 7.1 Assume a sample having the following characteristics:abc 7.1.1 True weight of the solid part of the specimen = 1000 & 7.1.2 Total volume of specimen, (including solids, “permeable” voids, and “impermeable” voids) = 600 em? 7.1.3 Absolute specific gravity of sotid part of specimen, 20. 7.1.4 Void space in specimen contains initially only air fo0 water), 7.2 Then, it follows that there are $00 cm? of solids and 100 em? of voids making up the specimen, and the “true void content is Ye = 16.67 %, 7.3 Assume that on immersion 90 mL. of water is ab- sorbed. 7.4 Assume that afier immersion and boiling 95 mL of water is absorbed. 25 Based on the assumptions given in 7.1 t0 7.4 above, ata that would be developed from the procedures given in Section $ would be as follows: 7.5.1 Ovencdry weight, A= 1000 g. 15.2 Weight in air after immersion, B ™ 1090 g, 7.5.3 Weight in air after immersion and boiling, C= 1095 7.5.4 Weight in water after immersion and boiling, D = 4952, Nose |--Since loss of weight in water is equa 19 weight of displaced ‘ater and volume of specimen = 600 cm" weight of specimen in water sfter immersion and Roting is 1095 ~ 600 = 498 118 By using the data given above to perform the catcular tions described in Section 6, the following results will be ‘obtained (Note 2) Absorption ater immersion, % = [(B— A(/A] x 100 = [(1090 ~ 100071600) x 100 = 9.0 Ahsortion after immersion and boiling, % = KC ~ Aya] x 100 = [1095 ~ 1006371000} x 100 = 9.5 Bulk sp gr dry = { 4KC ~ D3] = [2000/1085 ~ 495)] = 1.67 =, + 8p er afer immersion = [B)IC ~ DY} = [1090/1095 — 498)) = 1.82 642 Bulk sp gr after immersion and boiling = ICC — By} = [1095/11095 ~ 4959] = 185 Apparent sp er = [4/(4 ~ Di] ~ {1000/(1000 ~ 495)) = 1.98 = 6, ‘Volume of permeable voids, % = [C82 ~ gu)! 82) X 100 » (1.98 ~ 1.67/1.98] x 109 = 188, of (C- A)C~ DY} x 100 ‘= [(1095 ~ 1600372095 ~ 495)] x 100 = 1827 Nore 2—This tes method does not involve a determination of absolute specific gravity. Hence, sch pore space as may be present the specimen that is net emptied ducing the specified drving oi nt filled wish water during the specified immersion 20d boing oF bain ceotsidered “impermesbie” and i x not dhifereniaed from the soe portion of the specimen forthe calculations, expecaly those Tot percent. ‘oids. mn the example dicussed it was assumed thst the sbsolste epee ravty of he solid portion ofthe specimen was 2.0, the total void spare was 1667, and the impermeable void space was 5 cm? The operations if performed according to Section 8, ana the clcutations i ‘performed seconding to Section 6, have te effec: of assuring tha hee ‘are 95 cm? of pore space and S05 cm? of solids, and indicaie thst he Solid material, therefore, has an apzurent specific gravity of 1.98 rae: an the sbsolule speifie gravity of 2.00 and Ue specimen has percentage af voids of 15.8 eather than 1657 Depending on the pore size cistribution and the pore entry rai of the concrete ad on the purposes for which the test esulis are desi the procedures of this test method may be adequate or they may be Sngulfiiently Figorcus. Inthe event that iti desired to fill more of be pores than si be filled by immersion and boiling, various teenriges Involving the use of vacua treatment of increused preseures may be used, Ifa rigorous measure of total pore space is desired, this an oniy be fbtained by determining sole specie grasty by fist reducing the Sample 1o discrete parictss, each of which is suicienty small 50 that 0 impermeable pore space con exit within any of the particles If he stsolute specific gravity were determined and designated, then Total void volume, % (x3 ~ gs}! X 100 (2100 ~ 1,672.00 x 100 = 165 8. Precision and Bias 8.1 Precision—At present there are insufficient data avaih able to justify providing a precision statement for this test method. 8.2. Bias—Bias for this test method cannot be determined since there is no reference standard available for comparison, ‘The Amancan Seca tr Tesing and Matera oko pen aseacing th waka ol any eatat ges assened concoction ‘nuh any tam moron bs sud ses oh art ara enprossy adc tat Geran of he ay any ater. and he rake intingamant of sen ges, ar ety To sana is sutiec fo piona any tm by th espns ‘es own responce echiclcomarton and mutt be evened every va ya's an tne ras. ear approved or witarawn, Your comers wieder rnin of lard a fo” aOR! SANS rc shout be sadraved 0 AST Huncqurars. Your conionts wl cee cael) cnstaraion a a ete he spans Fecnneal comes, unin you my ater you la al your comments have ot rcated a or hoang you shad are Yet ‘Tews snown othe ASTM Cones on Stance, 1918 Race St, Pace, Pa 18108, 308 i fre pre i cy ri ler oi Re de ap sa) bil