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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 1

Chapter 1 Kinetic Particle Theory

Test Yourself 1.1 and 1.2 (page 6)

1. (a) Gaseous
(b) Solid
(c) Arrangement in (a): Arrangement in (b):

gas solid

2. (a) The particles in a liquid are closely packed. However, the particles are not held in fixed positions.
The particles cannot be compressed but they can move freely throughout the liquid.
(b) Ice is a solid. The particles are closer together than in water vapour, giving it a higher density. In
water vapour, the particles are much farther away from each other, giving it a very low density.
3 3
(1 g of ice has a volume of about 1.09 cm , 1 g of water has a volume of 1.0 cm and 1 g of water
3
vapour has a volume of about 1333 cm . Note: Ice has a larger volume than water as water
expands on freezing.)

Test Yourself 1.3 (page 15)

1. Temperature/°C

100 –
liquid

80 – solid and liquid

70 –

solid
40 –

0 Time/min

2. (a) Sublimation has occurred. The mothball must be made of a substance that sublimes.
(b) Alcohol is volatile and evaporates upon absorbing heat from the skin.

3. Heat taken in by the particles Heat given out by the particles

sublimation, evaporation, boiling, melting condensation, freezing

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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 1

Test Yourself 1.4 (page 19)

1. Chlorine, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen

2. Removal of unpleasant smells; removal of polluting gases; spreading of smell of flowers and
perfumes

3. (a) Beaker III

(b) Beaker I
The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of diffusion.

Get it Right (page 21)

(a) False. Gases have mass.

(b) False. A solid is made up of tiny particles that are able to vibrate in fixed positions.
(c) True
(d) False. When a solid is heated, its particles gain enough heat energy to overcome the attractive
forces between them. They then begin to break away from their fixed positions. The solid melts to
become a liquid.
(e) True
(f) True
(g) False. The lower the molecular mass, the higher the rate of diffusion.
(h) True

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