Metals and Ferrous

Man-2B
Ari Tri Cahyo Utomo / 2002411040
Fahri Marentiko / 2002411035
Muh. Tunggal Rif’at / 2002411063
Naufal Azmi / 2002411052
Pradanega Haqtsani S. / 2002411041
Sergius Raynor H. / 2002411045
Metal
Metal is one type of chemical
element. Which has various
inherited properties that greatly
benefit its use. It is strong, hard, has
a high melting point and can
conduct heat and electricity very
well. Its ability to conduct heat and
electricity is very good and
maximum compared to other
materials.
The word metal is a word
that comes from Greece.
With the word matallon,
which has a meaning that a
chemical element is ready
to combine and become
ions. Which has a metal
bond and is considered a
metal similar to the
hookon that is below the
electron.
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A metal comes from metal ore, which is only obtained by
mining. Generally only practiced and sought in the earth,
whether pure or alloyed. For pure metal types there are
gold, silver, platinum and dismut.
Metal is a type of element that is very much in existence in
this world. Of the many types of metal that exist, it is
certain that they have their respective advantages and
characteristics.
Based on the basic ingredients, metals are divided into 2
parts, namely ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals.

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Ferro
Ferro Metal or often also called
carbon iron is an alloy metal
formed from a mixture of carbon
elements (C) with iron (Fe).
To produce an alloy metal that has
different properties with iron and
carbon then mixed with various
other metals.

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The mixture consists of silisium,
manganese, phosphorus, and
sulfur with low mixed levels.
Carbon mixtures in ferro metals
make metals hard while
mixtures such as silisium,
manganese, phosphorus, sulfur
to increase density and rust
resistance.

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Ferro metal consists of
a simple chemical
composition between
iron and carbon.
The entry of carbon
elements into the iron
in various ways.

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The types of metal ferro are as follows:
1. Iron pours the composition
of a mixture of iron and
carbon. The carbon content
is about 4 percent weak, it
is malleable, whether it is
cast, tough in solidification,
weak in voltage. Used to
make machine pads,
perches, ragdos, parts-the
lathe engine parts, the
cylinder blocks and the
torak rings.
2. Wrought iron's composition
consists of 99 percent of
pure iron, malleable, tough,
and incast characteristics.
The forged iron could be
used to make anchor
chains, hook taps, and the
bottom of the plate.
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3. Low-carbon steel is the most produced of all other types of steel. Low-
carbon steel has less than 0.25 percent carbon. This low-carbon steel has
no ability for heat treatment to form martencytes. The strengthening
process itself was employed by cold working. The myronic structure itself
consists of ferns and perlinks that cause the characteristics of the low-
carbon steel to be low and weak but resilient and resilient. Low-carbon
steel also has the ability to do machinery, welding, and all can be
produced at a low cost.Wrought iron's composition consists of 99 percent
of pure iron, malleable, tough, and incast characteristics. The forged iron
could be used to make anchor chains, hook taps, and the bottom of the
plate.

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Their use in life was intended for the construction of car frames, the
construction of structural shapes such as canals and elbow iron, and the
making of plates used in plumbing, buildings, Bridges, and even tin cans. This
type of steel has a yield of 450 mpas with drag ranging from 415-550 mpas
and retention of 25 %.

4. Medium-scale carbon steel is carbon-steel of 0.25 %- 0.6 %. Medium

carbon steel can be treated with heat insulation, quenching, and
tempering to improve its mechanical nature. The mikronya structure itself
consists of tempered martensite.

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Medium-steel carbon with no other alloy actually has low violence, so it can
only do heat treatment on thin areas at a rapid quenching rate. Therefore,
chromium, nickel, and molybdenum are needed to be supplied with heat
treatment, and they also vary from combination to tendulity to steel. The
heat treatment given to medium-carbon steel gives stronger steel but at the
expense of tenacity and toughness. This type of steel is used in making
railroads, cranks, gears, and other machinery.

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5. High-carbon steel, which is carbon composition between 0.6 %- 1.4 %.
This type of steel has a high degree of strength and violence but tends to
lack tenacity and is widely used in resilience and is used in the sharp
edges of the cutting edge. Chromium, tungsten, and molybdenum, and
vanadium were used to create structures that were harder and more
resistant to wear.

6. High-carbon steel with a high-carbon steel alloy plus nickel or cobalt,

chrome or tungsten. The frailty, the resistance to high temperatures
without any loss of violence, the violent can be high, and simple. Used to
make lathe and tools-machines.

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Metal Chemistry
In chemistry, metal is a material or an element, a compound, or
alloy that is normally opaeless, lustrous, and has electrical
conductivity.

The metallic elements have some of the following qualities:

✗ Is a good conductor or conductor of electricity.
✗ Polished if rubbed.
✗ Are malleable and stretchable.
Examples of metallic elements include these Aluminum (al) Iron
(ferrum/ fe) Gold (aurum/ au) Copper (cuprum) Silver (argentum)
Nickel (ni) and Raksa (hydrargirum).

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Properties of Ferrous Metals

Ferrous metals may include a lot of different alloying elements.

Some examples are chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium,
manganese. Those give ferrous steels material properties that
make them widely used in engineering.

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Here are the characteristics of ferro metals :

✗ Great tensile strength

✗ Usually magnetic
✗ Low resistance to corrosion
✗ A silver-like colour
✗ Durable
✗ Recyclable
✗ Good conductors of electricity
Additionally, ferro metals are widely used to make tools,
vehicles, pipelines, containers, cars, cutting tools, etc.

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The Ferrous Metals Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
Mostly consists of Iron. Small ✗ High strength - weight
amounts of other metals or ratio
elements are added to give the ✗ Weighs than Aluminum
needed properties. Ferrous and Titanium Alloys
Metals are magnetic and have ✗ High quality and strong
little resistance to corrosion. material
✗ Recyclable and eco friendly

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Disadvantages:
✗ Tends to corrode
✗ Machine ability is affected
by the magnetic field
✗ Requires more energy to
form shapes or re-work
Examples and uses:
✗ Mild Steel – Used in
engineering and also in
general metal products
✗ Carbon steel – Used to
make tools such as drill
bits.
✗ Stainless Steel – Used for
cutlery and surgical
instrumentation
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References
✗ https://wira.co.id/jenis-logam/
✗ http://eprints.upnjatim.ac.id/3000/1/bahan_teknik.pdf
✗ https://otosigna99.blogspot.com/2019/08/jenis-jenis-logam-
ferro-dan-logam-non.html
✗ https://www.britannica.com/science/metal-chemistry
✗ https://fractory.com/ferrous-metals-non-ferrous-metals-with-
examples/
✗ https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Disadvantages-And-
Disadvantages-Of-Ferrous-Metals-PCLCVKGE2NR

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Thanks and
Have a nice day!

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