11) = (24 12) = $9. His average salary was 39 per hour is
b) It he wants to earn $ 368 one week and he must work 24 hours at the boutique, what is,
the total number of hours Michael would have to work?
2dr 8)- 11424 = 40 hi He would have fo work a total of 4
FQ. Express each of the following mimbers asa power of 2
ase of lei, EE im ah a Oy sie ee
1A Determine he vale of ain each case below.
a) P5125 925 b) =Bl asd) a1 asi
42 In cach ofthe following sequences, find the two numbers which do not belong to the sequence
‘and state the reason,
4), 4.9.14, 16,25, 40, 49 _ 14 and 40, since they are not perfect squares
bb) 3.12, 15,20, 21, 28, 33 20nd 28, since they are nor mulples of 3. pia)
1-25, 7-8 1 18,16 and 5 ses ey enot iis
9) 0,1,3,8,9,27,64 Sand, since they are not perfect ube.
4B Woite each of the following numbers a a product of prime factors. using exponential otation
“where possible ni
3) 90-2 xses 25
Q 2m 2xax 7 Jesse
14, Determine the LCM and the GCF of the following numbers, |
a) 48 and 108, Lew 432, cor 12 b) Bland 120 LCM a0. GCF W124
15. Thee buses leave a station at 6:30-am with diferent itineraries The fist returns fo the station |
after 48 minutes the second after 30 minutes, and the third after 20 minutes. I they continue)
fo repeat the same routes in the same amounts of times, respectively, at what tnne wil the
three buses meet again atthe station? {
‘After: 180 minutes, 69:90
36 Chapter 4 Natural numbers © Girt, aie de CHALLENGE 2
The Grek philsophesSorates, Pato and Aristotle
Plato was born in 428 BC and died in 348 BC. Plato was a disciple of Socrates who was 42
at the time of Plato's birth, Socrates died at the age of 71. Plato, himself, was Aristotle's
‘mentor. Aristotle was born in 322 BC and died at the age of 62,
‘) Which of these three philosophers lived the longest? _ Plato
'b)_ How many years after Socrates’ death was Aristotle born? 15 years
©) How many years after Plato's birth did Socrates die? 29 years
‘@)_ How many years difference were there between the birth of Socrates and the death
fof Aristotle? 148 years
), How many years younger was Aristotle than Plato? 44 years
2 Reontest
Jesse. Kachla and Alan participated in a contest consisting of 25 questions, For each correct
answer, the contestant scored 3 points. An Incorrect answer resulted in a loss of 2 points
and an unanswered question resulted in a loss of | point. Jesse answered 12 questions
correctly, 5 questions incorrectly, and left the remaining questions unanswered. Kaela
answered 11 questions correctly, 3 questions incorrectly, and left the remaining questions
tunanswered. Alan answered 14 questions correctly and 11 questions incorrectly, What was
the average oftheir scores? _18 points
B Assearch for numbers
‘Consider three integers a, band esuich that a sles than band b is less than c
Find these three numbers given that 2% bx e=-6 and a+b +¢~0.
Ad Bits and pieces.
Complete the following table by writing the correct answer in the right column to the
‘corresponding question in the left column.
a) Determine the value of which makes the given equaliy tue. (83% a)
1b) Evaluate the following chan: 15+ 4x (7+ 2x8)
©) Find wo inegers whose product -06 and whose sam 4
Find the values of xsuch that Oe— 5F
2) Determine the numerical vale ofaxb— 2
1)_Decermine the values ofa for which (a+ 6) (0 5)=0, ors
[a)_Decerine the numoricl vale of (+ = 3x (a 2x0)" PaaS and ba 2 46
Find the square ofthe sum of and 5 decreased by the product ofthese ewo namibems [3
Find he ference ofthe squares o 6 and 4, erased by the sum of hese two numbers
© Guten, eeu se 21 integers 202
AsrIVITY 4 sets of numbers
Corser te nabs SS
8:0; 7-2; fi 1.39; 4-12
2) Place the integers nthe blue eo, separating he natural numbers
from the other negers
Place the numbers which are not integers outside the blue region.
Aeriwity 2
One spring day lesca noted the temperature on a thermometer situated on her garden
pats free ties tough the coe
a) Which temperatures were below 0? __*2°G.+7"Candei2°C
b) Which temperatures were above 0?. eee oe eee eee eee
Se eh ee oem
4d) Which temperature is the opposite of #3 °C? -9"@
‘e) Which temperature is the opposite of -29C? _#2°@
3
oO
‘Complete the following table by referring to the adjacent thermometer, ae
a,
fies PTeqR] —
[ewperaure wre, | 5 | taf 3] -«] roti?
40 Chapter 2 integers © Gusta cure ‘The set of integers is: Z =
Consider:
~ the positive integers. Ex: +4 or
~ the negative integers. Ex:
= the null integer. 0.
The set of non-zero integers is:Z*
The set of positive or null integers is: 2”
The set of negative or null integers is: Z
‘The set of integers is represented on the number line as follows
u 4
ee
Sa 4 4 em ae Yom Pe Fer ae
‘The point M has an abscissa value of ~4 and the point N has an absetssa value of +6
“Two numbers are opposites i they consist ofthe same natural number but are of opposite
signs
‘The opposite of the integer ais denoted opp(2)
Ex.: -2 and 2 are opposite numbers Therefore. opp(+2) =~2 and oppl-2) = +2
‘4. Represent each ofthe following by an integer.
a) alossof $18: _-18 __b) 3kmmnorth: «3 ©) aretreat of 6 m:
) an increase of $70: +70. e) sea level: 0 300A.D; +300
9) the 3" level underground: _-2 hy 5 years from today: +8
1) analtitude of 2 500 m:_+2500
2 The table below shows the results of five students on a mathematics tes.
ade ack sles] [es
Devatn rome weage | 7 | 2 | 27 | 12 | 20
Calculate the average of the marks of these five students In the above table, indicate the integer
Which corresponds to the difference between the student's mark and the average
“Average = 65
‘In the following diagram, place the given integers in the approprite region.
“12, 46, +4, -9, 0, -25, 418, -135, +56
@
© Guta, ite 21 integers 41 4. On cach of the following number lines determine the abscissa ofthe points represented.
) E
& On cach of the following number lines, choose an appropriate graduation and place the given.
points
a) ¢ 4 2.
me (ees =
Ad Bile, c:-24 D: 16
») fan oR
Ca a
P:5 Qs R:20 s:-10
& Place the following historical events on the number line below, using an appropriate graduation.
(Dates have been rounded to the nearest ten.)
FALE 0c 8
SS
too %
A: The invention of writing (-3500) B: The fall of the Roman Empire (480)
C: The founding of Rome (-750) 1D: The birth of King David (-1000)
E: The great pyramids of Egypt (-2500) F: The iron age (-4000)
7.8) Give the opposite of each of the following numbers
gay aeesetedea sg Soames jp eee,
'b)_ Does every integer have an opposite? __Yes
& Complete each ofthe statements below.
‘8) ‘The opposite of a postive integer isa _ewative _ integer,
1b) The opposite of a negative integer sa_Posttive __ integer:
©) The opposite ofthe integer O is _©
@) If ais. positive number, then -a is _newative
@) Ifa isa negative number, then -a is _ Positive
1) Ifaisthe opposite of b, then bis the __eppesite ofa
42 Qhapter 2 integers © Gutrin eeu ise ‘B Consider the integer a= -9. Find:
opp(a)= 9 _____oppfoppal
—=2____ opplopp(oppta)))
410. If ais an integer, simplify
opp(opp(a)) = 2 ___oppopp(opp(a)))= =» _oppfopptopptoppta))) = 2
1. In each case below, determine the values of the abscssas of points M, N and P if, respectively,
they are the opposites of the abscissa of points A. B and C.
oe 2 ¢
es
Meso a _ tar
» a ¢ ‘
7 7
me
ae
‘The table below indicates the temperatures at Gaspé, recorded at noon one week in March
oy Monday | Tuesday [Wednesday] Thursday | Friday | Saturday [Sanday
Lionperoure [ec [rc [re [2c [asc | 0c | 3c
4) On which of the following days was it colder?
1. Monday or Saturday? Saturday 2. Tuesday or Wednesday? _ Tuesday
3. Wednesday or Friday? ednesday 4. Monday or Sunday? Sunday —_
'b)_ Arrange the days in increasing order of temperature
‘Saturday. Sunday. Monday, Tuesday, Thursday. Wednesday Friday
= ORDER IN Z
= When iwo integers are positive, the larger one is the one comprised of the larger natural
‘umber. Ex! +8 > 42
~ When two integers are negative, the larger one is the one comprised of the smaller natural
umber. Ex.:-4> 6
= When two integers have opposite signs, the larger one Is the positive number,
x48 >-10
~ Every positive integer 1s greater than O and every negative integer is less than 0,
Ex:+7>Oand-5 <0
12 Complete the following numerical statements using the symbol > of <
a) -5<5 b) -3>-7 2 52-8 ) -4<0
® 4>0 9) 8<2 9) -12<18 hy -9<3
© Gut. tere 2A imegers 4B Arrange the following groups of numbers in increasing order
bee 50 te ieee lene 10 aie eee
bb) -82,-22, 22, -28, 12, 28:92. -29. 22,122.23
) -98, -88, 78, -99, -90, 98
14, Complete each of the following sequences of numbers by filing in the three missing terms
oe eee eee ig ig ge Oe
©) -35,-30, =25.-20.-15. 10-5) 2, -14,-7,_.7, 14, 21
15 Here are some renowned people with the corresponding years that they lived.
\Vercingetorix (-72, -46) , Cleopatra (-69, ~30), Augustus (-63, 14). Which of these people
{2} was born first? —__Vercingetorx_; )_was born last? Augustus
©) died second? _Cleopatra_; d) ied last? _Augustus
1G. List the following sequence of numbers,
a) negative integers greater than or equal to -8: _-8
bo positive intagers ess than 7: E2466 0
integers greater than 4 and less than or equal to 4: _~8.~2:-1.0. 1.2.3.4
postive integers greater than 9: 10.14.12. 13. Maw
6) negative integers greater than 3: mone
97. Determine if each of the following statements is true or fase. Ifa statement is false, give a
‘counter-example.
a) A positive integer is greater than a negative integer, _ Tue
b) If two numbers are negative, the langer one is the one comprised of the larger natural
number
False
)_ Aninteger is always greater than its opposite, False ____
4) A negative integer Is less than 0, _True__
18% Under which conditions isan integer:
1a) greater than its opposite? Hits postave
'b) less than its opposite? __Ifitismegaeive
©) equal to its opposite? __Ift ts zero_
44 Chapter 2 Integers © Gin, adieu ge 2 . 2 Addition and subtraction of integers
ROT ee
'@) Using the number le, perform te following additions
1. G5)+G3)= 8
b) 1. Adding a postive number results in a move towards the ah
2. Adding a negative number results na move towards the let
PR et de ere
a) A profit of $12 followed by a profi of $7 comespontstoa. Pre of 310”
1) Als of $8 followed by alos of $12 coresponds toa as of $20_
©) A profit of $15 followed by alos of $18 coresponds oa oss of 83.
€)_A oss of $A fllowed by a profit of $20 corresponds to a prof of $6
‘ADDITION OF INTEGERS
To ad two postive inegers, we nd the sum of the two natural numbers which compe
eatin e pene
Bx (5) +46)
~ To add two negative integers, we find the sum of the two natural qumbers which comprise
them and this sum is negative,
Ex: C8) +(-9) =-13
~ To add two integers of opposite signs, we find the difference of the natural numbers which
comprise them apd this ss preceded by the sign of the integer comprised of the ager
‘natural number. : Be . . n .
Ex. C8) +7) (+12) =47
© Godin, ae ZZ Addition and subtraction of integers 4 Perform the following additions
a) T+4= 3 9-449 ) 84-5
oe) 44-42 @) 6+ Ow) 2+
) 847-15 W) 1424-10) -94-19= 24
2 Perform the following additions.
a) 44-3492 2b) -TH12+- — 9) S46 +-4= 15
@) B+-B4124-4= 19 @) 7412418 0 8494-744
9) 6+-94+-T410= 0h) 54-74-3472 2) T4434
‘B. Fstimate the following sums. Then calculate them,
a) -100+-35= -135 _b) -140 + 128
) -245+348= 109 __ 6) 156-+-245
©) -3464-132= 478
89) 48+-212= 165
4 Consider the two tables below:
Table 1
72
“ef 4
2
as
ye ]s [=]
“a2 [a Te Tro
7 75
1) Determine the sum of the integers in each row and write this sum in the box at the right
of the row.
bb) Determine the sum of the integers in each column and write this sum in the box at the
bottom of the column,
©) Check that the sum of the results found in a) is equal to the sum of the results found
ind).
& Complete the following pyramid, glven that each number waitten in a rectangle is equal to the
sum of the two integers In the rectangles which support it
e
46 Chapter 2 Integers © Grn, eeu ee © Determine the value of ain each of the fllowing cases.
a) atTa4 __b) 64a. Q dean2 ane
d) 44a ©) S408 13) 6+a=11
h) -4¢an2_ace ) at-6=-7
6, determine the numerical value ofthe following sums.
a) avbe 8 tk) a= 8
What can be said about the addition of integers? __t 1s commutative.
®& Given that @=-6, b= 8 and c=-9, determine the numerical value of the following sums,
a) (att) ter 2992-7 b) ar(o+a,
‘What can be said about the addition of integers? __ eis associative,
& Verify the properties of addition in Z using integers of your choke.
2) The sum of integers Is also an integer. — Various answers possible
rious answers possible
bb) ‘The operation of addition is commutative.
©) The operation of addition is associative. Various answers possible
@) is the neutral element of addition in Z. Various answers possible
©) The sum of two opposite integers is zero, Various anewers possible
1A Is it possbte to find two integers whose sum i 0 if these two numbers are:
8) positive? No
1) negative? —_No z
) of opposite signs? __Yes for example -8 and +8
Find, if possible, wo consecutive integers whose sum is:
a) 7) b) 9:__4ands ___e) 1
0) 0; __Not possi e) 4: _Not possible 6) 25; 13. and -12
12 Consider the integers a= -6 and b= 9, Determine:
{8} The opposite of the sum of these twa numbers.
'b). The sum of the opposite of a and the opposite of b, 6 +-9
©) Insert the appropriate symbal below (= or)
opp(a + 6) [=]opp(a) + opp te)
1B Complete the following tables inorder to obtain magic squares, (The sum of the numbers in
each rov, column and dlagonal is always the same)
37212] pee) Gp
a[ol4| [elf] Folate
ifzts| BED} Gets
© Guten, eeu se 22 Addition and subtraction of integers 47 1.4. Cleopatra was bom in 69 BC. She died atthe age of 3.
In what year did she dle? _ She dled in theyear 30BC.___ -
4S The month of February. 2003, was very cold in Montreal. On Saturday, the 15% of February,
the temperature was -25 °C. During the following week. the temperature rose 19°C and then
fell again 8 °C on the weekend, What was the temperature that weekend?
Teas 14°C,
1G Peter works as a delivery boy in an office building, He begins working on the 18" floor,
descends 9 floors, ascends 2 floors, descends 13, ascends 4, descends 5 and finally ascends
$8 mote floors to goto eat atthe building's cafeteria, On what floor isthe cafeteria located?
The cafeterias on the 5 floor
AsTIVITY, 3. Subtraction of
‘The Roman emperor Augusta was bom in 63 BC. and died in 14 A.D.
1a). Represent these two numbers on the number line below and determine the number of years
that he lived.
“He lived for 77 years.
et
a ote
'b) 1. Write the subtraction which should be used to determine the number of years Augusta
lived. 146091
2. “Transform this subtraction into an addition and verify the result obtained ina).
14» 631= 77, He lived for 77 years
Activiry 4 The number
'2) With the help of the number line, perform the following subtractions,
1. (8)- (9)= 9 ___
2. (4) 46)= 62)
tee
2. Subtracting a negative number results in a move towards the —_dlght,
) 1. Subtracting a positive number results in a move towards the
4% Chapter 2 integers (© Gucci, cour tee ‘SUBTRACTION OF INTEGERS
‘Subtracting an integer Is the same as adding its opposite
‘a= opp(b)
477. Transform each of the following subtractions into an addition and calculate the result,
a) -4-9=_-19 sb) 5-9 __ 4 9 -8--5=_ 3
) 7-12 @) 7-8 9 21
18 Perform the following calculations
a) 8-12-20 ob) 7-9=__ 2g) 12-14 = 28
@) -15+15 eo) -44i8= 4) 5 T= ze
9. Pesform the following calculations
a) 7412-14-92 18 b) -T44-9414=_ 2g) 6-15-34.36=_22
) -§413-9-7= 8 0) 5-1745-21= 28 3-12-74
‘2. Perform the following calculations.
a) G-9)+(5-4)==15. b) (T+4)-@-9)=_ 4 (7 44-12)-(7-9)= 20
8) (8+4)-@-3)= 10 0) (8415) +6-9= 5 9 (-645)-(7-5)=_11
‘2A. Perform the following calculations.
9) (7-94 12)4(5+3-1)= 4 __b) (6+ 18-25)- 4-9-5)
) @-8)-(34-25-7) 8 ) (5-649) +(-7-11412)
©) 9-4-6+2)+(-942)=_2 __ ) (643-9) -@-7-8)=_1
ZZ a) Determine the value of each of the following expressions if a= ~7 and = 4.
1. anda att 2 b-a=_U
) Compare the result of the difference a - bo the difference b— a
Verify your answer using other integers. They are opposites
‘ZB Determine the value of each of the following expressions if = -4, b= 9 and c= -12.
a) (a-b)- Seize 1 b) 2-0-9 a
BA. Determine if each of the following statements is tue or false. IFthe statement is fale, glve a
counter-example,
a) The difference of two integers is an integer True, —
The operation of subtraction s commutative False
©) The operation of subtraction is associative. _ False
4), The difference of two opposite integers Is zero,
©) The difference of two postive integers is positive.
1 Ifthe difference of two integers is zero, then they are opposites,
© Godin, eure 2.2 Addition and subtraction of integers 49 2S. Determine the value of each ofthe following expressions f = 7, = 4 and c= 12.
9b) a-b+ ) b-o-ce__ga
B— 9) (@-v-0- 1) (-d-a= 20
‘2B. Find the vale of xin each of te following cases
9) x-7=8 b) x-32-7 eet) 5-2-6 xed
0 7- 0) x-T=-2 xe8 x12 0a
ZI. Find two integers x and y whose sum is S and whose difference is D.
2) S=-land 2ndb rae pontine b) $= 19 and D
©) S=Sand D=13 2ant tomer amues pte g) S=-14 and D.
2B Complete the following tables.
Table L Table 2
oo Testa a3 Tear
eos sos
oe cigar Ter
3
=| | mis [6
Taso “9 [ois az
5 Zan 5 and 12 ome rowers pombe
2 attr aarp
23. How long did each of the following people live?
9) Plato (-428, -348) _80,years _— b) Caesar (-101,-44) S7 years
©) Antoine (-83,-30) _53years__d) Alexandre the Great (-356,
"BO Antoine died in the year 30 BC at the age of 53 year, In what year was he born?
He was born in 83 BC.
BA. King David was born in 1015 BC and died in 970 BC. The Roman emperor Augusta was born
in 63 BC and died im 14 AD. Which ofthese two men lived longer?
‘Aug ved longer
BZ Queen Celeste was born is 1015 BC and died at the age of 48. Emperor Romanus died in
212 BC at the age of 54, For how many years were they both alive atthe sarne time?
For 22 years. é
SB There are huge differences in temperature between the Great Quebec North and the St
Laurence Valley, On a given day. it was ~48 °C In the Great North and 7 °C in Montreal
‘What is the difference between these two temperatures? _The difference is 65°C.
BA. Ona particular winter day at Three Rivers, was 2 °C during the day and ~7 °C at night. On
the same day in Montreal, the daytime temperature was 6 °C and the overnight temperature
was -5 °C,
8) Which city had the greater range in temperature? _Mantreal
bb) What isthe difference becween the ranges in temperature? 2°. ae
BE. Alviaudes and depths are measured with respect to sea level. Sea level corresponds to an
altitude of O. Determine the distance which separates a plane lying at an altitude of 3 250 m
land a submarine travelling at a depth of 326 m below sea level,
50 Chapter 2 integers © Guin. eur née 2. 3 Multiplication and division of integers
Geren eee =
Ina tureen, there is an equal number of blue cubes and white cubes.
‘A blue cube gives off heat and has the effect of raising the temperature by 1 °C,
‘A white cube emits cold and has the effect of lowering the temperature by 1 °C.
D
oy
Complete he folowing sentence and ge thereat of eachmutipieaton. EB ED
a) Adding 2 groups of 3 blue cubes results in_"™SIn@ _ the temperature by 6 °C.
(42) x (+3) = 68)
) Removing 2 groups of 8 blue cubes results in___Wering__ the temperature by 6°.
(2) x43)= 08.
©) Adding 2 groups of 3 white cubes results in __lowering__ the temperature by 6 °C.
62x
4) Removing 2 groups of 3 white cubes results in__ralsing_ the temperature by 6 °C.
ee
(C2axC3)= 40.
(MULTIPLICATION OF INTEGERS
‘To maltiply two integers we find the product of the two natural numbers which comprise them,
IF the two numbers have the same sign, then the producti positive
If the two numbers have opposite signs then the product is negative.
CH x(N=+H42
4. Perform te following multiplications
a) -Tx5= 35 b) 8x6=__ 48 ) 3x12.
) 6x0=_0 1x-4= nt ee
2 Complete the two tables below.
Table 1 ‘Table 2
=]2]7 [27s 7E ET
= [2 [aa] [ae 7 [35 |-2a|-2r [ar
3 [ea[z [6 [27] 5 [as |-20 as [13
3 [of a5 F105) @[-s0|-2a]-78 [1a
216 [ala [a8 & [a0 [a2 [ae pon
© Guerin eeu Re 23 Multiplication and division of integers $1 & Find the value of a in each of the following cases.
a) ax-5=60 92-12 Sey Te
9 9x
42
aso ) -Bxa=-72_a=9
& What can be said about the signs of two Integers a and b if:
2) the product ax bs postive and the sum is poskve?_# and bare postive
b) the product a x bis positive and the sum is negative?_# and bare negative,
«) the product ax bis negative? _*and bare of posite sigs
‘5 Find two integers whose product isP and whose sum iS.
12andS=-1-4e3___ sb) P= 40 and
— @) P=-30 and
“MULTIPLICATION: OF MORE THAN 2 INTEGERS
“The product of more than 2 integers is:
positive if the multiplication is made up of an even number of negative factors
Ex:-3x4x2%-3x2 x15 144
negative ifthe multiplication is made up of an odd number of negative factors.
Ex!-24-1x3x-1x2x-2x-1= 24
zero ifa least one of the factors is zero.
Ex: 4 $x-2x0x-1x-2=0
& Perform the following multiplications
a) -2x3x-2%3x-1x-S= 180 by) -1x3x-2K2x-4
9) 3x-2x4x0x-2
a
7. Consider the following two tables.
o @) -1X3x-2x4x-8x-1x-3= 360
Table Table 2
273 [ta] TST 113 [5 [2
map [2p] a0 = [4 [2 [2 [1 [so
a pefet2 is = ere a ie
2pspif3i [oe ease
3[-1f 4 [af 2 [2a =e ra fo.
“ral a2 [12] 24-40} sam rao 0 [36 [2}eo[ 0.
1) Determine the product ofthe integers in each row and wrte this product in te box atthe
right of each row.
'b) Determine the product of the integers in each column and write this product in the box:
at the bottom of each column,
9) Verify that the product of the results obtalned In a) is equal to the product of the results
‘obtained in b)
52 Chapter 2 integers (© Guten, cite de © Fill in the three missing terms in the sequences of integers below.
2) 3,-6,12,-24, (aa), Coa)
) 5.[3). 45. a3), 405,
©) -1,-21,-15,-45, 29,
‘& Determine if each of the following statements is true or false. Ifthe statement Is false, glve a
counter-example,
1) The product ofan integer and -1 isthe opposite of this integer. True
'b) The product of a non-zero integer and its opposite is negative. Tru
©) The product of two opposites is zer0.
4) Ione ofthe factors ofa product i zero, then the product is zero, True
©) If the product of factors is zero, then all the factors are zero, __False
1Q. Determine the value of a in each case below.
a) -5xe=0 b) 3x(ae9
©) (@-5)x4=0 &) 2x(a+6)=0 2
94. tf 9=-5 and b= 7, determine the numerical value ofthe following products.
a) axb=_-35 = b) bxa= __-25
‘What can be said about multiplication of integers? 1s commutaive,
tz ito= determine the numerical value of the following products.
a) (axd)xe b) ax(ox c= 4e12= 48
‘What ean be said about multiplication of integers? eis associeive
1B Verify the following properties of multiplication in 2, using integers of your cholee.
8) The product of integers is an integer. Various answers possible
') The operation of multiplication is commutative. Various answers possible
€) The operation of multiplication is associative, __Varlous answers possible
4) 1s the neutral element of multiplation, Various answers possible,
©) 04s the absorption element of multiplication, __ Various answers possible.
‘Multiplication ian operation whichis dstrbutive over adlition and subtraction. pase
14. Calculate the following, using two different methods.
a) -5x(-8+3) b) 4x@-12) =
9) -Tx (8412) ) 3x(15+18)
@) -3x(1-7+3) ) 5x(642-14
“3221-920 =30+ 10-70=-90
© Gut, tee 23 Multiplication and division of integers $3 1S Determine the greatest common factor of the terms in each of the following sums and factor
it out. rewriting each expression as a product.
b) -14-2i=___-tx@-9)
ae ) -25415-40= SxG-9+)
4xm-21= _7x@m-9
hy lexr-240 12x)
POTTY 2 Peer arene canes aes omnes tare
2) Complete the table below.
ponent [wae
= 3 | 2 | 2
es Ce Oe
= zs esse ara
a
b) Ifaisan integer and n isa natural number greater than 1, determine the sign of aP given that:
1, ais positive and n Is even: sitive —
2. aismegative and nis even: postive
3, ais positive and n is odd: positive 2
4, as negative and n is odd
©) What can be said about the base a and the exponent n when ais negative?
The base is negative and the exponent is odd.
<= = POWER OF AN INTEGER
‘The power a isnegative when the base a is negative and the exponent is od, In all other cases.
(a5=-64
1G Determine the value of the following powers
a) (2=_-8__b) (-68= 88 _ og 4
oo
—s__ « cap
b) 2232 8-5 g ab=-27
418; Perform the following calculations
a 18 b) (-4)?x-3= 48) 5x (2)?
CO (2P 848 g) (3x47 = 14d
54 Chapter 2 integers © Gti. ewe ‘DIVISION OF INTEGERS
}- The quotient of two integers of the same sign, IF It ext, i positive.
Ex (24) + (43) = 28 (58) © (5)
}~ The quotient of two integers of opposite signs, if it exists, is negative
Bx: (49) + (5) =-9 (12)+ (4) =-3
1& Perform the following divisions
a) (-55) + (45) 1b) (-48)+(-6)= 8 6) (454) +(-9)=_6 a) (456) = (+8)= 7
20. Find the value of a in each ofthe following cases
a) a+(-5)=3__e=-15 b) (-63)+a
©) (45)+a=-5 0-8 od) ant
2A. Find the value, ft exists. of the following expressions given that a= -24, b= -6 and
Arn BD bra=____Noneauane
®) (a+ dDrc= 402-2 —_____ #) a+(b+e ods 3B
22. Determine if each of the following statements if tue of false. I a statement is false, give a
eounter-example
2) The quotient of two integers san integer, Fa
) The operation ofthe division of integers is commutative, False
¢)_ The operation of division of integers is associative. Leen
) The quotient of O divided by a non-zero inteye sO ve
2B Complete the following tables.
Table 1 Table 2
=o [s [exo[ess] [a [2 [axp]ore
as | 100 | @ a
sie [=e [ve [2] Cos Par [eos Ts
a8 [9 [sos [5 a [=e [2
es cepa [a
BA, The adjacent table shows the temperature at 6am every day of a [Kame] are
pardicuar winter week Tuesday | 12°C
a) What was the average temperature at 6 am that week? Wednesday EK
Be uday- | —2"C
eee [eg
'b) On which days of the week was the temperature less than this |e |} TE
average? sunday SC
Monday, Tuesday, Sunday
a Beers Balance,
2S The adjacent table shows a flea market vendor's daily balance for | Monday [$45
‘one week. Determine the balance on Friday ifthe vendor realized | —Tuesay [87
an average profit of $80 per day that week. Wesnestny| $128
“The Balance on Friday was a profi of $128. Thursday | — $7
Tr p
| Sauran [sire]
Sunday —[— $95
© Gulia, teu ee 2.3 Muttiplication and division of integers 66 2 . 4 Chains of operations with integers
QAETUYUCTY LRehain of tegen emse=nsnecmei
Caroline partlpated twice In a contest at her schol. For each correct answer, she was awarded
S pnts an for each incorrect answer, she lost points Inthe Hist contest, she got 12 correct
ankuets out of 20 questions Inthe second contest, she go LT comect answers out of 15 questions.
') Wat and ealulate the chain of operations which enables you to determine the number of
points eared
1 in theft contest. 1243%+8s-4=4gunes 2 inthe stond contest. X94 4< 20gan
'b) Determine the difference in points between the second contest and the frst contest. 16.potnes
= = CHAINS OF OPERATIONS WITH INTEGERS
In order to calculate the value of a chain of operations containing integers, we respect the same
order of priorities as with natural numbers
‘4. Perform the following chains of operations
a) (743)x(-845)= 12 b) C7+3)x-9= _36__) “12+ (134) =_2
@) -2x(6-N=_2 0) Ax(T+15)*-2 3-7x(3-18)=_87
® -12+ (6-9) x-6 649+-3x2= 0
dD -2-8x (142) (943) x4-3x5= 99
=) (543x-2)x-3= 3 (+4) x6-2x N= 18
2. Perform the following chains of operations.
2) @-3x4)? by 3x24 (4 +3)"
) -T+2x(5= 4 @) C12 +3x5"
9) (8+5%-2x(4-39=29 h) 126+ C24
(9)? (840) +9)
81) (5-9) + (1) x-5=
7) -THBx (2 =
‘Perform the following chains of operations.
a) 543% [-6+7x (84 5)) = 87 __b) (+4) x (6-9 + G- 299] = 18
©) 54+ C1945) +4 x2 = 18 9) (15-2x39x@-2x5)= 21
e) 24+ (842)x2%= 32 a) (2-8) 2x(B-5xH)= 17
A. Find the value of a in the following chains of operations.
a) -34ax5=-8 8-1 b) (3-2)? =25 2=—
@) 6-5xa=-9_ 273 _ 0) TH+3xae—d
9) 344x742)
4 843x(a-3)=-282
56 Chapter 2 integers © Gut, clear he ‘5; Find the numerical value ofeach of the following chains of operations if = -2, b= 3 and
9) a+bxe= -!7 __b) (a+b)xe= _-5 __@) axcnb=__18
9) (2-0) xe=_25__ 6) ax(beg= _4 a) ax(b-9
@) @-bxc=_19 _h) (ae bxgt= 289 i) (bah?
ta=6 and b=-3, calculate
D1 eeee 8 tas
Fill in the box with the appropriate symbol, = or, (a+b)? [a] a+
8) 1. (@-F=_s1 2. Pa e__as
Fil the box with the appropriate symbol. = or. (a~ e)? [2] a? 6
21 exeee_ ge 2 axe __ sat
Fill in the box with the appropriate symbol, = ors. (a3 b)? [=] a?x
Ot Geigy 4
Fill inthe box with the appropriate symbol, = or 2. (+1)? E]at
7 Consider the integers
@) double their product. —__
') the product of their sum multiplied by thelr difference. —27
and = ~3, Using these two numbers inthe given order. ind
26
©) the sum of their squares ts ee
@) the square of theirsum, =
©) the square of a increased by the triple of 27 ee
{the sum of their product and their quotient, __-20. a
@) the triple of a increased by the square of a7 =
hh) the double of a decreased by the cube of b, 29,
‘& Aad parentheses in the appropriate places in order to obtain the required result.
a) 345x656 +3)=-18 b) A-5)x-2+
9) 6 +3x-4)+18+-2=-16 ) (644x241
@) 2-@-5)x-3=14 ) @-12)+-34+4=6
‘9. Using each number inthe first column once, write a chain of operations whose result sequal
to the number given inthe second column of the following table
anes Desired rest Ga of operations
fay) 435 1 Seaa
by 8-25 0 eer
2618 1 6180-9)
jay 8.2.28 2a eee a
(© Gude, iter 2A Chains of operations with integers §7 For each ofthe following problems, write and calculate the corresponding chain of operations andl answer
tho given question.
9Q Jonathan had $34 in his money-box. The frst week, he took out $2 four times to buy snacks
‘at school. The second week, he sold some of his hockey cards and deposited $3 twice into his
oney-box. The third week, he bought an electronic game For $28. How much money was left
fn his money-box?
He had $4 lef
‘One winter day at Chicoutim, the temperature at 6 am was observed to be ~32°C. During the
next five hours, the temperature increased by 3°C per hour, followed by a drop of 79C: the
sixth hour. What was the temperature at noon’?
412 Sonia and Mortis together had $1 800 in thelr joint account. At the beginning of the month,
they made a withdrawal of $650 to pay the rent. The following days, they withdrew $60 per
dda for thelr daily expenses. For how many days could they continue to withdraw this amount
‘and still maintain a postive balance?
For 19 days
VB. David and Valerie participated ina trivia contest at their school. For each correct answer, they
camed & points, for each incorrect answer they lost 2 points, and for each unanswered
‘question, they lost 1 point.
(Out of 20 questions, David responded correctly to 12 questions, incorrectly to 3 and abstained
from answering the rest. Valerie responded correctly to 14 questions, incorrectly to 5 and
[stained from answering the rest, What is the difference between thelr scores?
There i a differnce of & points between thelr scores.
14. Janice has $348 in her bank account. During the week, she makes 3 payments of $78 each
deposits a check of $147 and withdraws an amount of $85.What isthe amount and nature of
her final transaction if atthe end of the week her account has a negative balance of -$43?
"The final transaction is @ withdrawal of $219.
588 Qhapter 2 Integers © Gti, tour ise 7 EVALUATION 2- ie ER ee
‘7. Acrange the given integers In increasing order
a) -5,11,-7,-3.0,9 7-5 -9,0.9.11
b) 111, -101, 121, 119,11 111,101, 11, 121
2 Complete the following sequences of integers.
a) ~4;-8;-6;-12;-10; 20 ; 18 ; -36
) 420; 360; -300; -240. -180 ; -120
9) -45;-42; -38;-33; 27; 20; 12
& Complete the following sentences inorder to obtain true statements,
| a) The opposite ofa postive integer isa____tmgntve.____ integer.
'b) The sumof two opposite numbers is 2 OE aes SOS
©) Given two integers of opposite signs the greater number Is the —_osltve number
4) The sum of two negative integers ____ negative
©), The product of eo integers ofthe samme signs postive
4) The power ofan integer is negative i te bae is rekative_and the exponent is odd
4) I the number of negative actors of a prodict Is odd, then the prockct is negate
‘. Determine the property of operations illustrated in each of the following cases.
2). 2x 548% -7=8%-7 42x85 The commutative property of addition
&) 2 5-8) 10416 Tha dltcbtive roperty of mipllation vr mubrncton,
©) (2x -5)x6=2x (5x6) __ The associative propeny’of addition. ae
) BX 0x-3=0 ___ is the absorption element of multiplication
S Complete the following table.
6 sages
2 “16 [ae [3
of | a2 fue [as po
a6 [| 20 [oie [ora
determine the numerical value of each of the following expressions,
11 b) (a-B)xc= 15 a-2x ct =
Eee oh a te be Se Sh alte eee
7. Perform the following chains of operations.
a) (-843)x-9+2%-3e 39) 12 9x24 (741) i
9) 3x (B- 10)? -5x— 32 a) © -4x-2)x(@+3x-4)= 100!
0) 8-2x9+4x(-+2)= 26) 4x(9-9)-2x(-7+2) 14
QD) -A~(7+8+4x2)+244 817) (342x592 18+ (-32 =a {
) 4-2x3)x0-2x2 18) (245 x2)+22x(6-H=_ 6
© Gude, eeu ie Evaluation 269 '& Perform the following calculations using two different methods
a) 3x (842)= 346-18 by) 2x (-9-1)
24-618
‘Factor out the greatest common factor, rewriting each sum as a product. Then calculate each
product
a) 12+ 18-244 _8x@+9-9-6 b) -45415-30= 15x (3+ 1-2)=-60
e) 40-804 16=_8*(5- 1042-24) -50475 -250= 25% 2-9-9) = 200
TQ. Determine the value of m in each of the following cass,
a) 3xm+50-7 _m=-t b) -B42xm:
¢) -3xT—m 8
©) C1244) x m= 24 m=
ATm=4 @) m3 9 -9x(-4+m)
med
12 floors down 8, up another 4, down another 10 and finally down the remaining 20 floors to
the main floor (floor 0). On what loor does Mary work?
Sle warks on the’22
412 Pato was born in 428 BC. and he dled at the age P80. In what year did he die?
Heed i the yar 348 BC
4B. Roman warrior was born in 48 BCC. and died In 25.A.D.A Turkish warrior was born in
97 BC, inl lied in 25 BC, Who lived longer?
“The Roman wartor
14. Jonathan has $28 in his money box. The first week, he takes out $2 four times. The second
‘Week, he deposits an amount of $4 five times. The third week, he buys an electronic game for
444. Nick work in an ffir bullding He eas Mary's ocean aes the elevator. It woes uP os
$35 low etch money ef nhs money box? |
15% Mr Jackson has $850 in his bank account. In the month of January. he made the following.
transactions: two withdrawals of $340 each, a deposit of $145 and two withdrawals of
$215 each, What is the balance of his account after these transactions?
115, The balance of his se
1G, Sofia had $228 in her ‘bank account, She made three transactions during the week: the first
Sole 2 et aoa nine of Ht mle rd eton
sence es ie ean so
‘The third transaction was a deposit of $145
Uae
60 Chapter 2 integers ?
’
)
>
weve
CHALLENGE 3®
I Aeain operations
‘Determine the result ofthe following chain + 3x) + (1-34 a8
2 hunique number
Fin the vale of the natural mmber osich that
fleg a7
B inactass
Ina class of 30 students, one filth of the students are boys whose mother tongue i French
and one fifth of the students are girls whose mother tongue Is not French. There are ewice
‘a many boys as girls inthe class
How many of the students have French as their mother tongue? #2stidens |
4. Naueston of mutins
{nia high school cafeteria of the muffins were sold in the morning, half of the remaining
‘muffins were sold at lunch, and é ofthe rest were soldat 4pm. If there were only 2 mains
iefcat the end of the day how many were there atthe beginning of the day? .@0:muffns
5 The missing fraction
Find the missing ration in the following chaln of operations |
B+ 9x242.8=0
Bra%a*s
G Astaicchain
ind the value ofthe given expression,
© Giri, eeu te BA Fractions 63 3.1 Fractions
Acmviry, Se cee cee
In order to make a landscaping plan the Smith amily divided their yard in the folowing fashion,
‘What fraction ofthe yard reserved for
oie
i
©) the Mower bed?
4) the sand box?
the puto?
the playground?
ake
phe
?
i
=e DEFINITION
A fraction represents a part of a whole. r
‘A fraction @ is made up of ewo terms, a and b.
248 an integer called the numerator and b is a non-zero integer called the denominator.
Bach fraction is associated to a unique point on the number line
As inated onthe sbove number ie the abscissa of point Mis and the abscisa of pint
oe
[Express each of the shaded regions below as a fraction.
a) G E> b)
pb)
‘2 For each of the following figures, shade in the part corresponding to the given fracton,
») °
64 Chapter 3 Fractions Guerin, eure Wewewewee
‘& Find the abcissa of the point represented on each of the following number lines.
” A 2 3 5
a ee os o 14 aa
9 ¢ 1
a
4. On each of the following number lines. choose an appropriate graduation and place the given
points,
2) oe 0 ¢
ee
3 ear easest
ad B p:t
2 a 6
» e sa
ae
ee ee
1 9 18 2
2 & a8 2
as ei0 15 os
& On each of the following number lines, place the point having 1 as its abscissa
a)
7 3 t
by)
0 ¢ 7
re
a pani
‘G Four buses leave a station and take diferent routes, Represent asa fraction of an hour the length
of each route.
ie
Line 215
Line 314 20min
Line 107 25 min
Line 68 20 min
© Gutin aire BA Fractions 65 A
Stephanle has two chocolate brs, one hazelnut bar and one almond ba.
vat ner
Inthe morning she ate 2 ofthe hazelnat chocolate ba, and inthe afternoon, she ate fof the
almond chocolate bar.
) Color the amount of each bar eaten,
b) Did Stephanie eat the same amount of chocolate in the morning as in the afternoon? Yes
SRE EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS
‘Two fractions 2 and § are equivalent if they represent the same number,
We write: 2= 5
The fractions $ and § are equivalent, As such,
We obtain a fractlon equivalent toa given faction by mulupying or dividing the numerator
and the denominator by the same non-zero integet.
2 us B26,
Bef Repeat casera
I two fractions are equivalent, then the cross products are equal,
1f2= 8 then ad= be Fu d=8 tnvteod 2x 824 6=24
‘1. Find 3 fractions equivalent to the following fractions.
7 cei ere es |
2 Which fraction isnot equivalent to the other factions?
3,915 16 ‘16,2428 90
12 20 2 ©) 24" 36° 40° 45—2——
3 Fat tact having enor ohio hoe on tons
3-5 a= 3 Le 5-8 9 2.8
at » a oe =F
‘Check by calculating the cose products i te following facto are equaent.
12 ani 13 yee Wand 2 yee Sand 1S no
9) 245 Dien ) pg and
| Find a fraction equivalent to 3, having a denominator of 135.
Find faction equivalent to £, having a denominator of 126 it
6 © Chapter 3 Fractions © Guerin, ature 77. Find the value of «in each of the following cases.
' Find a fraction equivalent ro each given fraction so that each new pair of fractions has the same
denominator
4G Find a fraction equivalent to each given fraction in order that al ofthe new fractions have the
same denominator. Use the LCM of the denominators as the new denominator.
‘| Pins ae eae
24 Sie 3 126 —
3
‘onsider the following fractions: 2. 3.
Consider the following ten
Menly the pai of equivalent fractlons, 284 _ie"et WT
12 Find all fractions equivalent to # whose denominators are between 28 and 49.
4B Find al fractions equivalent to } whose numerators ae between 50 and 65.
4A. Fol factions equivalent #2 whose numerators ae between 38 and 63,
15. The following table indicates the mark, on 30. of [~Sudea | Wanker
Taken
5 students on thelr biology test. Indicate each person's ‘” eh
equivalent mark out of 100 SME = =
Ee ar 20
Syivia 18 60
Nathan 2b 70.
Joseph 2 50
4G Ina scoot, 2 ofthe tents participated in an ongalzed outing, Ot of 380 students, How
many stents participated in the outing? #32studens
© Gut. cater ee BA Fractions 67 Acnvnry 3 Smplifation ofa ration
'2), Explain each step taken in reducing the faction i eS
49.292
i663 213
© Divide both the numerator and the denominator by 2 _
® Divide both the numerator and the denominator by 3
{Divide both the numerator and the denominator by 7.
©) Explain why the faction # cannot be edce
Because 2 and 3 are relatively pine numbers
= ‘SIMPLIFICATION OF A FRACTION
Redlucing or simplifying a fraction requires dividing the numerator and the denominator of the|
fraction by the same non-zera integer
Ex :@= M23
Bo Bo 8
A fraction is irreducible ifthe numerator and the denominator ae relatively prime numbers,
A$. 2 are treducile factions
‘V7. Simplify ech ofthe flowing fractions to an reducible faction
sees a 2
2 coe | ee
° 39 9 i4s—. ® ¢9——_
*VBLo) Find the GCF of 144 and 252 _36
by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by their GCF
') Simplify the fraction
1G Which of the following fractions are ireducible?
1218 24 18 42 24 tt at
1g 24 25° 35" 69" 77 ~ ss
ZO. In a school of 380 students, 140 are girls Express as an irreducible fraction the fraction of
students inthis school who are boys
2A. Ina music camp, the 360 campers were divided according to their choice of instrument; 160
chose the piano, 100 the violin, 45 the cella, 25 the saxophone, 18 the flute and 12 the harp.
[Express as an irreductble fraction, the fraction of eampers who chose
—») the viotin 18 _¢) the cello
©) the flute 2 — 9 the harp.
2) the piano
4) the saxophone
68 © Chapter 3 Fractions © Gorn eur ee ?
(ern ane ree
A fruit cocktail contalns $
‘mango juice.
liter of orange juice, of alter of grapeut juice and $ ofa Iter of|
2) Place the fractions 4, & and +n the number line below.
7
z ?
bb) Which ofthese three fractions isthe largest? 2
«) Explain haw to compare these three fractions without placing them on a number line.
“Fin equivalent fractions having a denominator equal to 10 and compare the numerator
= =" COMPARING FRACTIONS
+ To compare two fractions, we write them using a common denominator and we compate their
snurmerators
15x: Compare the fractions Z and 1
Tea a -B ince 21 t<
ghee CAR i Since es ahead Sth
*+ Given a fraction , where a and 6 are positive integers
go lifes band $< 1a eo.
22. Compare the following fractions using the symbols <, > ot =
a 2<3 pb) S>4
384
[ges
v
ul h
9D Ta
22 fp ye nl number such tat
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