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It's can be expressed as a percent uptime per year, month, week, day, or hour compared to the
total time in that period. It does also be expressed as a mean time between failure (MTBF) and
mean time to repair (MTTR).
4. Using the five nines availability, what is the down time in second per four weeks?
5. What does the term hot-swapping means, and what the reasons for using it?
6. A customer requires 99.999% availability, how would you carry out maintenance for such a
network? Assume that hot-swapping is not possible
7. What are the typical bit error rate BER of a fiber link & copper link?
8. If a load is 115kbps where a packet switch needs to transmit it over an ISDN circuit
(128kbps), what is the utilization? How many packets in the queue?
Throughput is the quantity of error free data transmitted per unit of time, usually specified in
packets per second
More the packet is larger more the efficiency of the network will be.
Data flowing through the network can be intercepted, analyzed, altered, or deleted,
compromising integrity and confidentiality.
Additional, related network services, which rely on trust among network devices, can be
compromised. For example, bad routing data or incorrect authentication information could be
injected into the network.
User passwords can be compromised and used for further intrusions and perhaps to reach out and
attack other networks.
The configuration of the device can be altered to allow connections that shouldn't be allowed or
to disallow connections that should be allowed.
Implementing good throughput for one application might cause delay problems for another
application. The cause of the efficiency of the (network) throughput is the packet size, so if one
application have large packet size to make it efficiency the other packet for another application
may don't have capacity on the network.
13. Redundancy is not one of the network goals, what is meant by redundancy? Explain to what
network goal is related and why?
Redundancy is linked to Availability, but redundancy is not a network goal, but redundant
network topologies are becoming more and more significant for many networks design client
who want to make certain business continuity after a major fault or disaster.