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ROLE OF CT IN ACUTE STROKE - 09-MD-Vol 5 No 2
ROLE OF CT IN ACUTE STROKE - 09-MD-Vol 5 No 2
1-073
ID BROJ: 198875404
medical review
Kosti} D. et al. MD-Medical Data 2013;5(2): 159-162 M E D I C A L D A T A / V o l . 5 . NO 2 / VI 2013.
Sa`etak
Akutni mo`dani udar je tre}i uzrok smrti u razvijenom svetu odmah posle kardiovasku-
Klju~ne re~i larnih bolesti i maligniteta, a prvi uzrok smrti u na{oj sredini. Ovo je i bolest sa najve}im
CT-angiografija, CT-perfuzija, Akutni
mo`dani udar, penumbra, tromboliti~ka stepenom invaliditeta; oko jedne polovine pre`ivelih sa mo`danim udarom ima zaostale
terapija neurolo{ke ili psihi~ke sekvele. Cilj radiolo{kih dijagnosti~kih procedura je postavljanje
dijagnoze {to je pre mogu}e. Uloga kompjuterizovane tomografije (CT) se ogleda u
Key words isklju~ivanju hemoragije ili drugih promena nastalih kao posledica neoplazme ili infekcije
CT-angiography, CT-perfusion, Acute koje mogu imitirati klini~ku sliku mo`danog udara. Naprednim CT tehnikama – CT-
stroke, penumbra, thrombolytic therapy angiografijom i CT-perfuzijom mogu se vizuelizovati okluzije, stenoze i disekcije krvnih
sudova i definisati tkivo u riziku -penumbra. Informacije dobijene CT tehnikama mogu
pomo}i u odre|ivanju kojim }e se pacijentima ordinirati tromboliti~ka terapija, a kojima ne.
Akutni mo`dani udar (AMU) defini{e se kao fokalni ili poreme}aji, antifosfolipidni sindrom, migrena, vazospazam
globalni poreme}aj mo`dane funkcije, koji naglo nastaje, kod SAH, sistemska hipotenzija, konzumiranje alkohola,
traje du`e od 60 minuta, a posledica je poreme}aja mo`dane narkomanija, trudno}a i puerperijum1.
cirkulacije ili stanja u kome protok krvi nije dovoljan da Klju~na uloga kompjuterizovane tomografije (CT) je u
zadovolji metaboli~ke potrebe neurona za kiseonikom i isklju~enju hemoragije ili drugih promena nastali kao
glukozom 1,2. U zavisnosti od mehanizma nastanka AMU se posledica neoplazme ili
mo`e klasifikovati u dve velike grupe: a) Akutni ishemijski infekcije koje mogu
mo`dni udar (AIMU) koji nastaje kao posledica okluzije „imitirati“ sliku mo`-
krvnog suda bilo trombom ili embolusom. Ovaj udar je danog udara (slika 1).
zna~ajno ~e{}i i dijagnostikuje se u oko 75-80% bolesnika; i Prilikom pregleda CT-a
b) Akutni hemoragijski mo`dani udar koji mo`e biti po tipu pacijenata sa simtoma-
intracerebralne (ICH) ili subarahnoidalne hemoragije tologijom akutnog mo`-
(SAH), a dijagnostikuje se u preostalih 20-25% bolesnika. danog udara treba se
Prema novijim istra`ivanjima ishemijski mo`dani udar rukovoditi Rowley-evim
obuhvata trombozu, emboluse, vensku trombozu i sistemsku pristupom odnosno pro-
hipoperfuziju 3. cenom 4P (parenhim,
Iako je biohemijski proces ishemijskog o{tecenja mozga krvni sudovi-pipes, per-
uniforman, postoji veoma veliki broj razlicitih uzroka nas- fuzije i penumbra) 4.
tanka AIMU: ateroskleroza velikih arterija, kardioem-
bolizacija, bolest malih arterija (lakune) kao i neateroskle- slika 1. Nekontrastni CT pokazuje intracerebralnu hemoragiju u
rotske arteropatije (neinflamatorne i inflamatorne), hiper- bazalnim gangijama levo sa prodorom krvi u komorni sistem.
koagulabilna stanja, nasledni i ste~eni hematolo{ki Hemoragi~an sad`aj prisutan i u sulkusima frontoparijetalno
obostano kao i interhemisferi~no.
Abstract
Acute stroke is the third leading cause of death in the developed world, after cardiovascu-
lar disease and malignancy, and the leading cause of death in our society. This is the dis-
ease with the highest level of disability; about one-half of the stroke survivors have resid-
ual neurological or psychological consequences. The aim of neuroradiology is establish-
ing diagnosis as soon as possible. The role of computed tomography (CT) is reflected in
the exclusion of hemorrhage or other changes that occurred as a result of infection or neo-
plasm that can mimic the clinical picture of a stroke. Advanced CT techniques – CT-
angiography and CT-perfusion could visualize occlusions, stenosis and dissections of
blood vessels and define tissue in the risk - penumbra. Information obtained with CT tech-
niques can help to determine to which patients we will prescribe thrombolytic therapy.
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