MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 ee ae 1e ee 1 MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Anna University - Reg. 2017 Common for All Dept. Prepared by https://ese-r17-blogspot.com UNIT I MATRICES TOPIC 1.1 EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS OF A REAL MATRIX TOPIC 1.2 CHARACTERISTIC EQUATION Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 1MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 TOPIC 1.3 PROPERTIES OF EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS 21 0 1. Find the Eigen values of matrix A= |1 2 1 Oo 1 2 a)2+ V2, 2-V2,2 b)21,2 ©)2,2,0 d) 2, 2,2 Answer: a Explanation: To find the Eigen values it satisfy the condition, |A-AI|=0 210 10 0 |Adl]=|1 2 1/-2Jo 1 0 012) [oo 1 2-2 1 0 JAM=} 1 2-2 1 0 1 2-2 = 2= (02-443) - (2-2) By solving the above equation, we get, R=24 V2, 2-V2,2. 124 2. Find the product of Eigen values of amatrix A= |0 6 0}. 31 2 a) 60 b) 4s ©) -60 ) 40 Answer: Explanation: According to the property of Eigen values, the product of the Eigen values of a given matrix is equal to the determinant of the matrix [A| = 1(12-0) 2(0) + 4(8) = 60. 3, Let us consider a square matrix A of order n with Eigen values of a, b, c then the Eigen values of the matrix AT could be. ajab.c b= c)a-b, daly, Answer: a Explanation: According to the property of the Eigen values, any square matrix A and its Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 2MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 transpose AT have the same Eigen values. 4. What is Eigen value? a) A vector obtained from the coordinates ) A matrix determined from the algebraic equations ©) A scalar associated with a given linear transformation d) It is the inverse of the transform Answer: © Explanation: Eigen values is a scalar associated with a given linear transformation of a vector space and having the property that there is some nonzero vector which is when multiplied by the scalar is equal to the vector obtained by letting the transformation operate on the vector 5. Find the sum of the Eigen values of the matrix A eno 7 2 1 a)7 bys 09 410 Answer: b Explanation: According to the property of the Eigen values, the sum of the Eigen values of a matrix is its trace that is the sum of the elements of the principal diagonal. Therefore, the sum of the Eigen values =3 +4 +1=8. 6. Let the matrix A be the idempotent matrix then the Eigen values of the idempotent matrix are a) OT b)0 d)-1 : According to the property of the Eigen values, the Eigen values of the idempotent matrix are either zero or unity. So, the answer is 0 or 1. 7. Let us consider a 3x3 matrix A with Eigen values of );, Xa, 4s and the Eigen values of AT are? a) hy, ha, Ag tia Dope ae ie ©)-y. hash dh, 0,0 Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 3MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: b Explanation: According to the property of the Eigen values, if is the Eigen value of A, then is the Figen value of A So the Eigen values of A”! are +, bt 8. The Figen values of a 3x3 matrix are A), Ap, 43 then the Eigen values of a matrix A3 are a) yy b) oT ©) aa AS di,1,1 in 1 ae Answer: ¢ Explanation: If by, days dy are the Eigen values of matrix A then the Eigen values of matrix A™ are said to be 27",23',23, a So, the answer is Af, 23, 23. 9. Find the Eigen values of matrix A= [* 1 Answer: ¢ Explanation: According to the property of the Eigen value, the eigen values are determined as follows 444-8 3+5=8 The sum of the Eigen values is equal to the sum of the principal diagonal elements of the matrix. 10. Where do we use Eigen values? a) Fashion or cosmetics b) Communication systems ¢) Operations 4) Natural herbals, Eigen values are used in communication systems, designing bridges, designing car stereo system, electrical engineering, mechanical compani TOPIC 1.4 CAYLEY-HAMILTON THEOREM Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 4MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 1. Find the inverse of the given Matrix, using Cayley Hamilton’s Theorem. datey 2 -6 9 ill Answer: d Explanation: For the given Matrix, 12 3 A-|2.3 4 3064 5 ‘The characteristic polynomial is given by — @-(Sum of diagonal elements) a?+(Sum of minor of diagonal element)a-|A|-0 08-Ja2+110-8=0 The Cayley Hamilton’s Theorem states that every matrix satisfies its Characteristic Polynomial. Thus, AMTA+I1A81=0 To find A“!, multiply both the sides of the equation by At AP AATTAAATHIA ATS ATO We know that A A“!=I AUL-TAL+1IL-8IA" AZ-TAFII-8 Ao=0 AZTA+1I=8 AT 19 18 13 4 32 10 0 8A 3 1 1/—7}/-1 2 1)+11fo 1 0 1 9 7 3°01 001 Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 5MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 19-28+11 18-21 13-14 347 1-1M441l 1-7 15-21 9 7-741 3 -T 2 6 9 ol 2 -3 -1 Ali] 4-2 -6 -6 9 ll —1 -1 2 2. Find the value of A? where A=} 0 1-1 2 2 1 3 a) 2 —2 3 of} 3 °| 2 -2 3 d) }-1 -2 Answer: © Explanation: For the given Matrix, —1 -1 2 A=|0 1 1 202 1 The characteristic polynomial is given by- 3-(Sum of diagonal elements) «?+(Sum of minor of diagonal element)a-|A|=0 @-a2+3a+5=0 ‘The Cayley Hamilton’s Theorem states that every matrix satisfies its Characteristic Polynomial. Thus, ASAZ3At5I=0 Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.comMA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT AP-A2.3A-5I Regulations 2017 2 302 3. Find the value of AHI9A,A=}2 0-1 14 5 42 14 70 a)} 21 421-21 105 119 203 42 7 70 b)} 21-21 21 105 119 = 203. 42 14 70 } 2-21-21 105 119 203 42 7 70 dy} 21 +21 -21 105 119 203, Answer: © Explanation: Explanation: For the given Matrix, 2-3 1 A=/2. 0 = 14 5 The characteristic polynomial is given by — a3-(Sum of diagonal elements) -+(Sum of minor of diagonal clement)a-|A|=0 «3-70?+190-49=0 The Cayley Hamilton’s Theorem states that every matrix satisfies its Characteristic Polynomial Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 7MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Thus, ABTA H19A-491=0 AS+19A=7A2+491 -1 -2 10 10 0 Adi19A=7| 3-10 -3) +49]0 1 0 15 17 22 oo 2 —7+49 0-17 70 ABH9A=] 21 70449 21 105 119 154-449 42-14 70 AM19A=] 21 21 —21). 105 119 203 0 4. Find the value of 2A5+4A?, where= | 1 2 —1 4 200 0-24 a)} 24-32-24 72 96 ~56 200 0 —24 by} 24-32 -12 72 96 56 200 0-24 ° 12-32 4 72 96 —56. 100 0-12 ad} 12 -16 -12 36 48-28 Answer: a Explanation: Explanation: For the given Matrix, 5 0 -1 a=|20 20-1 34 1 The characteristic polynomial is given by- a3-(Sum of diagonal elements) a2+(Sum of minor of diagonal element)a-|A|-0 +2a?12a-40=0 The Cayley Hamilton’s Theorem states that every matrix satisfies its Characteristic Polynomial. Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 8MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Thus, A3+2A2.12A4401=0 AP2A7=12A-401 5 0 -1 100 AM2A7%=12] 1 2 -1] -40/0 1 0 3401 oo 1 60-40 0 -12 AM2A%=]} 12 2440 12 36 43 12-40 100 0-12 AM2A%=] 12 16 —12 -36 48-28 200 0-24 2A5+4A2=| 24-32-24 -72 96-56. 5. Find the value of A¥~ 30 126-504 a) E -172 “2 252 -316 —46 80-126 —504 b) [= -172 “2 252-315 46 40-126 ~504 c) }126 -172 -63 252-315 =46 40-126 —504 4) }126 -172 -63 252 316 —46 Answer: b Explanation: For the given Matrix, -1 2 8 A-|-2 3 0 45 1 Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com Regulations 2017MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 ‘The characteristic polynomial is given by- o3-(Sum of diagonal elements) «?+(Sum of minor of diagonal element)a-|A|=0 8-3024350-17=0 The Cayley Hamilton’s Theorem states that every matrix satisfies its Characteristic Polynomial. Thus, AS-3A7435A-171=0 On performing long division (a3-302+35a-17)(«2-Ta) Qea*4 and R=630-17 Using division properties, 3 -3a7+35a-17=(a2-Ta)x(a+4)+(630-17) e8-3024350-17=(a3-30?-28a)+( 634-17) 0=(a3-30?-28a)+(63a-17) ——— (From Characteristic Polynomial) (302-284) = -630+17 (A3.3A2-28A) = -63A4171 -1 2 8 10 0 (A3-3A2.28A) = —63]—-2 3 0] +17/0 1 0 451 001 63417 -126 = —504 (A3-3A?.28A)=| 126 17-189 63 2520 315-1763 80 —126 —504 (A3-3A?-28A)=|126 —172 63 252 -315 —46 TOPIC 1.5 DIAGONALIZATION OF MATRICES 1, Which of the following is not a necessary condition for a matrix, say A, to be diagonalizable? a) A must have n linearly independent eigen vectors b) All the eigen values of A must be distinct c) A can be an idempotent matrix 4) A must have n linearly dependent eigen vectors Answer: d Explanation: The theorem of diagonalization states that, ‘An nn matrix A is diagonalizable, if and only if, A has n linearly independent eigenvectors.’ Therefore, if A has n distinct eigen values, say 2.1, ig, 23---2quy then the corresponding eigen vectors are said to be linearly independent. Also, all idempotent matrices are said to be diagonalizable. Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 10MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 2. The geometric multiplicity of 2 is its multiplicity as a root of the characteristic polynomial of A, where 3. be the eigen value of A. a) True b) False Answer: b Explanation: The diagonalization theorem in terms of multiplicities of eigen values is defined as follows, The algebraic multiplicity of 2. is its multiplicity as a root of the characteristic polynomial of A. ‘The geometric multiplicity of 2. is the dimension of the 2-eigenspace 3. If A is diagonalizable then, a) A" = (PDP"!)" = PD"P" b) A" =(PDP*!)" = ppp! o) A®= PDP)" = Pp"p! @) A" = (PDP! = Pp"P. Answer: ¢ Explanation: The definition of diagonalization states that, Ann * n matrix A is diagonalizable if there exists an n x n invertible matrix P and an n x n diagonal matrix D such that, PT AP=D A=ppp? A®=(PDP"!)"= ppp 4, The computation of power of a matrix becomes faster if it is diagonalizable. a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: Some of the applications of diagonalization of a matrix are: ‘The powers of a diagonalized matrix can be computed easily since the result is nothing but the powers of the diagonal elements obtained by diagonalization. Reducing quadratic forms to canonical forms by orthogonal transformations. In mechanics, it can be used to find the natural frequency of vibrations. 5. Find the invertible matrix P, by using diagonalization method for the following matrix. 2000 121 101 -1 -1 0 aA=]{1 0 -1 raid. Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com uMA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 0-1 0 byA=]1 0 1 o 11 0 0 0 oA=]1 1-1 -10 1 100 dA=}1 0 -1 -10 1 Answer: b Explanation: Procedure to find the invertible matrix is as follows, Step 1: Find the eigen values of the given matrix. 200 A=|1 21 -101 | A-Al| =0 2-h 0 0 1 2--% 1 |=0 i) 1 0 1k (2-2) (2-2) (1-1) = 0 (2-2)? (1-2) = 0 =2,2,1 Step 2: Compute the eigen vectors Consider 2 = 2, (A-M) X=5 0 0 0 00 Reducing further, we 1 0 14/X=6 aiurthervese |g 10-1 00 x2 is the free variable, henee, x2 = s Let x1 =, x3 =t, since x1+x3 = 0 oy fet X=slij+t}o 0. 1 0 1 X= )1) =] 0 0 1 Consider = 1 (A-2DX 1 00 14d -10 0 «Reducing further, weget, 3 5 ot one Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 2MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 x1 = 0, Let x2 = -s and x3 = s since x2+x3-0 0 Fas]-1 1 0 X= |-1 1 Step 3: Formation of the invertible matrix. P=[XXX)) 0 -1 0 1 0 ool 1 P 6, Determine the algebraic and geomet 204 -4 o 4 2 24 4 a) Algebraic multiplicity = 1, Geometric multiplicity =2 b) Algebraic multiplicity = 1, Geometric multiplicity = 3 ©) Algebraic multiplicity = 2, Geometrie multiplicity =2 4) Algebraic multiplicity = 2, Geometric multiplicity = 1 ity of the following matrix. Answer: d Explanation: The eigen values of the given matrix can be computed as, | A-Al| =0 1-)% 0 1 3 3h 0 |=0 o 0 1-2 (1-2) (G-2) (1-2)) = 0 (1-2)? B-2) = 0 2.= 1, 1,3 are the eigen values of the matrix. So, the algebraic multiplicity of k~ 1 is two. Fork a ee Loo — 0 2 0 0 kag Mnetwtenvess |) gy] yg o 0 -2 000 x1 =0,x3=0 x2 is the free variable, therefore let x2 = oO] fo Hence, X= s}1] = |1 o} fo. Fora = (A--) ¥=6 Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 13MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 eon tere 0 x1 + $x2=0,x3=0 Let x1 =-2 and x3 =3, «-[3] Thus, there corresponds only one eigen vector for the repeated eigen value =I. Thus, the geometric multiplicity of = 2 is one. 2 5 7.aiven = [2 § ° find A’, y{ @ - 156 154 »[e al 155 154. [9 155 154 61 62 9 liss ol Answer: b Explanation: From the theory of diagonalization, we know that, A=ppp? AY= ppp"! - [2 roaft ft cme ial i sa [2 Therefore, A® = $]- since n=3 2 “i a eats ‘ed ’ af Palas 216 427 "434 a ¢ ihe! onl ay [OL 62 55 154, Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com “4MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 10 6 8, Find the trace of the matrix A= }0 5 0 04 4 a)0 b) 10 4 dl Answer: b Explanation: The sum of the entries on the main diagonal is called the trace of matrix A. ‘Therefore, trace = 1+5+4 = 9. 9. The determinant of the matrix whose eigen values are 4, 2, 3 is given by, po a)9 b) 24 05 d3 Explanation: The product of the eigen values of a matrix gives the determinant of the matrix, ‘Therefore, A = 24. 10, Which of the following relation is correct? a)A=AT bya=-al Asal d)A=At? Answer: a Explanation: To prove that A = AT, let us consider an example, 10 af 4] | A-al| =0 1-2 2 (1-0) GR 3-2-3227 =0 -4.4+3=0 a Consider AT = [i 3] | A-a| =0 Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 15MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 1-h 2) _4 0 3A (1-2) (3-2) = 0, which is similar to the result obtained for A, hence the eigen lues are same, TOPIC 1.6 REDUCTION OF A QUADRATIC FORM TO CANONICAL FORM BY ORTHOGONAL TRANSFORMATION 1. What is the canonical form of the matrix A = [; H| 2 a) xtxyty? b) x2+xy o)xtry? d) x2exysy? Answer: d Explanation: The quadratic form of the given matrix is, sil} ‘| [i] =[e+y) [i] = xixyty?, 2. The solution of the given matrix equation is___ 300 2) [ar 0 611 2 0 2 8 91) Las. 0 a) xy = 1,x)=1,x3=2 b) x1 =0, x2 = 0, x5 = 0 ©) xy = 3, xg =-1,x3 =-1 d) x1 = 0, x) =-2,x5=4 Answer: b 3.0 2) fa] fo Explanation: LetA=}6 1 1] |a2|-[0 2 8 1] [zs] |o Hence, the given matrix equation can be written in the form, AX=B Multiplying both sides by A!, we get X=A'B But since B = 0, X = 0 and hence the solution is, x1 = 0, x2 = 0, x3, 3. Which one of the following is not a criterion for linearity of an equation? a) The dependent variable y should be of second order ») The derivatives of the dependent variable should be of second order Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 16MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 c) Each coefficient does not depend on the independent variable its derivatives of first degree. Each coefficient depends only on the independent variable. 4, Which among the following does not belong to main types of integrals? a) Indefinite Integral b) Proper Definite Integral ¢) Improper Definite Integral 4) Real Integral ‘There are generally two types of integrals, 1. Definite Integrals: These are further classified as, + Proper Definite Integrals * Improper Definite Integrals 2. Indefinite Integrals 5. Which of the following is true for matrices? a) (ABY!=B AT by (AEA ©) AB=BA, d)A*I=1 Answer: a Explanation: The correct forms of the other options are: eo (ADTHA + ABZBA 2 ATSA 6. Euler’s integral of the first kind, which is a proper integral, is used to define the gamma function. a) Tue b) False Answer: b Explanation: Euler's integral of the s define gamma function for integer x>0. T(a) = for tet. dt ‘ond kind, which is an improper function, is us. Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 17MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 7. Which of the following matrix is not orthogonal? 0.33 a) | -0.67 0.67 b) [ cose sing 0.33 ©) | 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.33 sing’ coe —0.67 0.67 0.67 0.33 0.33 0.67. —0.67 0.33 0.67 a | cost sing —sing cose, Answer: a 0.33 0.67 —0.67 0.67 0.67 0.33 0.67 0.33 0.67 Explanation: Out of the given options, satisfies the condition for e AAT=1 0.67 0.33 | | 0.67 0.67 | |-0.67 0.67" 0.67 0.67 0.33} is the transpose of A, it is also orthogonal. 0.33 0.67 one, 6ty-3 Sy-3 10, The sum of two symmetric matrices is also a symmetrie matrix. a) False b) True Answer: b Explanation: To prove the above statement, let us consider an example, 13 8 A=|3 0 5 85 7. 1.3 8] fl 3 8 2 6 16 Therefore, A+A={3 0 5] +|3 0 5{=]6 0 10] whichisalsoaskew- a5 7] [8 5 7 16 10 14 symmetric matrix. TOPIC 1.7 NATURE OF QUADRATIC FORMS. 1. Which of the following is not a condition for a given real nonsingular quadratic form, Q = XTAX, to be a negative definite quadratic form? a) The number of positive square terms in the quadratic form is equal to zero b) The rank of the matrix A is equal to the number of variables in the quadratic form (index) c) All the eigen values of A are negative 4) The rank and index are equal Answer: d Explanation: The quadratic form is said to be negative definitive if the rank is equal to index Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 19MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 and the number of square terms is equal to zero or all the eigen values of the matrix are negative, 2. Signature of a quadratic form is the difference between the positive and negative terms in the canonical form. a) True b) False Answer: b Explanation: Signature of a quadratic form is defined as ‘the difference between the number of positive and negative square terms in the canonical form.” 3, Determine the nature of the given matrix. 200 0 121 001 a) Indefinite b) Positive definite c) Negative definite 4) Positive semi-definite Answer: b Explanation: To find the nature of the matrix, we find the eigenvalues, |A- 2.|0 2-h 0 0 0 0 42,2 Il the eigenvalues are positive, the condition for positive definite quadratic form is slied. 4, What is the signature of the quadratic form, Q = 723 + 2x3 — 323 + x51 + a5 = 0? a)2 b)-2 el d)-1 Answer: ¢ Explanation: We know that signature is the difference between the number of posit negative square terms of a quadratic form. Therefore, we have signature = 2-1 = 1 five and 5. What is the index of the quadratic form, 323 +23 + 823 + 9221 + 2iras = 0? a)2 b)4 Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 20MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 03 di Answer: a Explanation: The index of a quadratic form is the number of positive square terms. Hence, from the given form, we have index = 2. 6. If A isa matrix, such that, AK = 0, for positive integer k, then, A is known as Nilpotent matrix, a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: For a matrix A, AX“! = A, where k is a positive integer is known as periodic matrix. Whereas, if A? = A, i.e. k=1, then it is known as idempotent matrix and if Ak = 0, then it is known as Nilpotent matrix. 7. Reduce the quadratic form to canonical form, 323 + 223 + 8212 + 895 + 8a 3.4 4 a)j4 04 442 3.4 4 b)}4 2 0 440 3.4 4 ce) 4 2 {| 440 34 0 dj4 24 440 Answer: ¢ Explanation: Given quadratic form is, 323 + 223 + 824 + 823 + 8231 = 0 eu 22 as General form of the matrix can be written as, |221 222 23 m1 tn 293 Hence, the matrix form can be obtained by, Placing the square term coefficients in the diagonal of the matrix such that, x = «?, 3 en as mm 2 on 21 t3 «0 Dividing the coefficients of terms xj between xj and xj positions, for example, the coefficient Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 2MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 of x12 is 8, hence the term x 3 =x )= 8/2 = 4. Therefore, the matrix form of the given quadratic equation is, 304 4 424 440 8, Write the expression for spur of a matrix for a 3x3 matrix whose entries are in the form of ay. a) ayyt ayytay3 by art agi tas) ©) aiz* aggtasy d) ayy+ agytass Answer: d Explanation: The spur of a matrix is nothing but trace of the matrix. It is defined as, ‘the sum of the diagonal elements of the matrix’ 9. The Canonical form is also known as ‘sum of squares’ form, a) False b) True Answer: b Explanation: The canonical form is also known as sum of squares form since after reducing to canonical form, we get the terms as sum of squares. 10. Which among the following is not a type of quadratic form? a) Positive Semi-definite b) Negative definite ) Partial definite d) Indefinite Answer: © Explanation: Quadratic forms can be classified based on the nature of the eigen values of the matrix into 5 types: i, Positive definite ii, Negative definite iii. Positive Semi-definite iy. Negative Semi-definite v. Indefinite UNIT I] VECTOR CALCULUS TOPIC 2.1 GRADIENT AND DIRECTIONAL DERIVATIVE Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 22MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 1. Del operator is also known as a) Divergence operator b) Gradient operator ©) Curl operator 4) Laplacian operator Answer: b Explanation: This differential operator is not a vector itself but when it operates on a scalar function, for example, a vector ensues. lar field V is a vector that represents both magnitude and the direction rate of increase of V. 2. The gradient of a of the maximum spat a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: A gradient operates on a scalar only and gives a vector as a result. This vector hhas a magnitude and direction. The gradient is found by finding the speed that is by taking the partial differentiation. 3. The gradient is taken on a a) tensor b) vector c) scalar 4) anything Answer: ¢ Explanation: Gradient is taken only on a scalar field. After taking gradient of a scalar field it becomes a vector. It is found by taking the partial differentiation, 4, Find the gradient of a function V if V- a) Yaa, + XZ ay + xy a, b) yzag + xy ay + x70, O)yxay tyza, + 2x2, d) xyzay+ xy ayt+yza, Answer: a Explanation: V = xyz Gradient of V = $f, + ay + a, = yr.ay 4x7 ay + xy a 5. Find the gradient of V = x? sin(y)eos(z). a) 2x siny cos z ay +x cos(y)cos(z) ay — x? sin(y)sin(z) az b) 2x siny cos z ay + x? cos(y)cos(z) ay + x? sin(y)sin(z) az Downloaded From: https://ese-r17.blogspot.com 23MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 c) 2x sinz.cos y ax + x? cos(y)cos(z) ay — x? sin(y)sin(z) az d) x siny cos za, + x? cos(y)cos(z) ay — x? sin(y)sin(z) az. Answer: a Explanation: V = x?sin(y)cos(z) Gradient of V = La, + Ha, + La, = 2esinycosza; + 2*cos(y)cos(2)ay—x?sin(y)sin(z)a, 6. Find the gradient of the function W if W = pzcos(@) if W is in cylin a) 2c08()ay —z sin(4) ag + peos() a, b) zeos(4)ay —sin(>) ag + c0s(6) ay ¢) zeos()a, + z sin(d) ag + pcos(>) a, 4) ze08(4)ap + Z sin() ag + cost) a, Answer: a Explanation: W = pzcos(9) Gradient of W = 4 5¥ a, +1 Sha, + ea, 2c08(})a,—z8in(d)ay + peos(9)ar 7. Find the gradient of A if A =p? a) 2p28 a, 2 sin(>) ab + 3p°2? a, b) 2pz a,- Lsin($) ab + 3p° + La, ©) 2pz5 a, tsin($) aB + 3p°2" + La, d) 2pz* ay Lsin(9) ab + 3p°2a, 2 + cos() +z and A is in cylindrical coordinates. Answer: b Explanation: A= p” +2 + cos(9) +z Gradient of A = 4 84a, +4240, + S40, = 2pz5 a, 1 sin(o) a® + 3p?z? + 1a, 8. Find gradient of B if B = $ln(r) +r 6 if B is in spherical coordinates. a) E+ 2rdamray + —errag bE + 2rba,-ray + shyae $+ 2700-1? a9 + ay ae 4) $+ ra, ray + eaae Answer: a Explanation: B = $in(r) +16 Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 24MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 1a. Taint) 09 O* Gradient of B= 92 a, + 122 ay + los £ + 2r8.a,—rag + Faint Oe 9. Find gradient of B if B ~ r09 if X is in spherical coordinates. a) 89.a,—d ag + see b) 109 a,-b ay + ry mor ©) 06.4,— gr ap + oe 4) 06r a, ay + rare oe Answer: a Explanation: Gradient of B= pa, + p40 + Fay Oe B= 109 Hence gradient of B = 06a, — a9 + “oe 10. If W= x? y? + xz, the directional derivative 4 in the direction 3 ay +4 ay + 6a, at (1,2,0). a)5 b)6 7 as Answer: b Explanation: First find the gradient of W which is (2xy?42) ay + 2yx? ay +x a, At (1,2,0) the gradient of W is 8a, +4 ay+ 1a, SE = (Gradient of W). al (3.4.6) 6.4.1). Be = 5.88897 = 6. Answer: ¢ Explanation: The gradient of W is = y ay + (x+z) ay + (y+) a, At (1.2,0) the gradient of the function W is -2 a, + ay —a, ae (Grodien of W). ay Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 25MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 12, Electric field a) -Gradient of V b) -Laplacian of V ©) Gradient of V 4) Laplacian of V an be written as Answer: a Explanation: Potential difference decreases in the direction of increase in Electric field. Hence Flectric field is nothing but the negative of the gradient of potential difference. 15. Let F = (xy?) ay + yx? ay, F is a not a conservative vector. a) True b) False Answer: b Explanation: Q = xy? and P = yx? SP = day and $2 = 22y Since, both are equal, F is a conservative vector. 14, State whether the given equation is a conservative vector. G=(%y) ay + xy ay a) True b) False Answer: b Explanation: P = x y and Q = xy> # a wand B= ys Now since they aren’t equal, the vector is not a conservative vector or field. 15. Find a unit vector normal to the surface of the ellipsoid at (2,2,1) if the ellipsoid is defined as f(x,y,z) =x? + y2-+ 7? —10. a) 2a, + $ay+ 4a, b) $a, + Fay + Fa; o) ta, + Fay + F d) 2a,+ tay+ ta, Answer: a Explanation: First we have to find the gradient of the function, which is equal to 2x ay + 2y ay +2za,, Gradient of f at (2,2,1) is (4,4,2). noe (042) _ 24, + 3ayt ta; an = TOPIC 2.2 DIVERGENCE AND CURL Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 26MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 1. Gradient of a function is a constant. State True/ a) True b) False Answer: b Explanation: Gradient of any scalar funetion may be defined as a vector. The vector’s magnitude and direction are those of the maximum space rate of change of @. 2. The mathematical perception of the gradient is said to be a) Tangent b) Chord ©) Slope d) Are ‘The gradient is the rate of change of space of flux in electromagnetics. This analogous to the slope in mathematics. 3. Divergence of gradient of a vector function is equivalent to a) Laplacian operation b) Curl operation c) Double gradient operation 4) Null vector Answer: a Explanation: Div (Grad V) = (Del)?V, which is the Laplacian operation. A function is said to be harmonic in nature, when its Laplacian tends to zero. 4. The gradient of xi + yj + zk is a)0 b)1 2 a3 Answer: d Explanation: Grad (xi + yj + zk) = 141+ vector is 3, 3. In other words, the gradient of any position 5. Find the gradient of t = x2y++ e” at the point p(1.5,-2) a) i 10j + 0.135k b) 10i+j + 0.135k ©) i + 0.135) + 10k d) 101 + 0.135) +k Grad(t) = 2xy i+ x? j + ek. On substituting p(1,5,-2), we get 10i + j +0, Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 27MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 6. Curl of gradient of a vector is a) Unity b) Zero ©) Null vector 4) Depends on the constants of the vector Answer: ¢ Explanation: Gradient of any function leads to a vector. Similarly curl of that vector gives another vector, which is always zero for all constants of the vector. A zero value in vector is always termed as null vector(not simply a zero) 7. Find the gradient of the function given by, x? + y? +z? at (1.1.1) aitj+k b) 2i +2) +2k ) 2xi + 2yj + 2zk d) 4xi + 2yj + 4zk Answer: b Grad(x?+y?+22) 2xi + 2yj + 2zk. Put x=1,y=1, 2-1, the gradient will be 2i + 8. The gradient can be replaced by which of the following? a) Maxwell equation b) Volume integral c) Differential equation d) Surface integral ‘Answer: ¢ Explanation: Since gradient is the maximum space rate of change of flux, it can be replaced by differential equations. 9, When gradient of a function is zero, the function lies parallel to the x-axis, State True/False, a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: Gradient of a function is zero implies slope is zero. When slope is zero, the function will be parallel to x-axis or y value is constant. 10. Find the gradient of the function sin x + cos y. a) cos xi-siny j b)cos xitsinyj ©) sin xi- cosy j d) sinx i+ cos yj Answer: a Explanation: Grad (sin x + cos y) gives partial differentiation of sin x+ cos y with respect to x Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 28MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 and partial differentiation of sin x + cos y with respect to y and similarly with respect to z. This gives cos x i-sin yj + 0k =cos x i-sin y j TOPIC 2.3 VECTOR IDENTITIES TOPIC 2.4 IRROTATIONAL AND SOLENOIDAL VECTOR FIELDS 1. The del operator is called as a) Gradient b) Curl ©) Divergence 4) Vector differential operator Answer: d Explanation: The Del operator is used to replace the differential terms, thus called vector differential operator in electromagnetics. 2. The relation between vector potential and field strength is given by a) Gradient b) Divergence ©) Curl 4) Del operator Answer: a Explanation: The vector potential and field is given by, E = -Del (V). 3. The Laplacian operator is actually a) Grad(Div V) b) Div(Grad V) ¢) Curl(Div V) 4) Div(Curl V) Answer: b Explanation: The Laplacian operator is the divergence of gradient of a vector, which is also called del?V operator. 4, The divergence of curl of a vector is zero. State True or False. a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: The curl of a vector is the circular flow of flux. The divergence of circular flow is considered to be zero. 5. The curl of gradient ofa vector is non-zero. State True or False. a) True Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 29MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 b) False Answer: b ‘The differential flow of flux in a vector is a vector. The curl of this quantity will 6. Identify the correct vector identity. a)ivi=j.j-k.k=0 b)iXj=jXk=kXi=1 ©) Div (uX v) =v. Curl(u) —u. Curl(v) @i.j=j-k=k.i=1 Answer: & Explanation: By standard proof, Div (u Xv) = v . Curl(u) —u . Curl (v). 7. A vector is said to be solenoidal when its a) Divergence is zero b) Divergence is unity ©) Curl is zero 4) Curl is unity Answer: a Explanation: When the divergence of a vector is zero, it is said to be solenoidal /divergent- fee. 8. The magnetic field intensity is said to be a) Divergent b) Curl free ©) Solenoidal 4) Rotational Answer: & Explanation: By Maxwell's equation, the magnetic field intensity is solenoidal due to the absence of magnetic monopoles. 9. A field has zero divergence and it has curls. The field is said to be a) Divergent, rotational b) Solenoidal, rotational ¢) Solenoidal, irrotational 4) Divergent, irrotational Answer: b Explanation: Since the path is not divergent, itis solenoidal and the path has curl, thus rotational. 10, When a vector is irrotational, which condition holds good? a) Stoke's theorem gives non-zero value b) Stoke’s theorem gives zero value Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 30MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 c) Divergence theorem is invalid 4d) Divergence theorem is valid Stoke” theorem is given by, J A.dl = J (Curl A). ds, when curl is ational), the theorem gives zero value TOPIC 2.5 LINE INTEGRAL OVER A PLANE CURVE 1. An electric field is given as E = 6y2z i + 12xyzj + 6xy? k. An incremental path is given by dl=-3i +5 j-2k mm, The work done in moving a 2mC charge along the path if the location of the path is at p(0,2,5) is (in Joule) a) 0.64 b) 0.72 ©) 0.78 d) 0.80 Answer: b Explanation: W = -Q E.dl W=-2X 10% X (6y2zi + 12xyzj + 6xy?k). (31+ 5 7-2) At p(0,2,5), W = -2(-18.22.5) X 103 = 0.72 J, 2. The integral form of potential and field relation is given by line integral. State True/False a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: Vab = - Elis the relation between potential and field, It is clear that it is given by line integral. 3.1fV= 2xty — 5z, find its electric field at point (-4,3,6) a) 47.905 b) 57.905 ©) 67.905 4) 77.905 Answer: b Explanation: E = -Grad (V) = -4xy i- 22} + 5k At (-4,3,6), E = 48 i— 32 j +5 k, [E] = 13353 = 57.905 units. 4. Find the potential between two points p(1.-1,0) and q(2,1.3) with E = 40xy i + 20x? j + 2k a) 104 by 105, ©) 106 d) 107 Downloaded From: https://ese-r17.blogspot.com 31MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: ¢ Explanation: V = -j E.d1 = -J (40xy dx + 20x? dy + 2 dz) , from q to p. On integrating, we get 106 volts. 5. Find the potential between a(-7,2,1) and b(4,1,2). Given F = (-6y/x ji + ( 6/x) j + 5k. a) -8.014 b)-8.114 ©) -8.214 d)-8.314 Answer: ¢ Explanation: V = -j E.dl = -| (-6y/x2 )dx + ( 6/x)dy + 5 dz, from b to a. On integrating, we get -8.214 volts. 6. The potential of a uniformly charged line with density (Que) In(b/a). State True/False. a) True b) False s piven by, electric field intensity is given by, E=2/(2ner) 2uQner). On integrating from b (0 a, we get A/(2ne) In(b/a). 7. A field in which a test charge around any closed surface in static path is zero is called a) Solenoidal b) Rotational ©) Irrotational 4) Conservative Answer: d Explanation: Work done in moving a charge in a closed path is zero. It is expr. =0. The field having this property is called conservative or lamellar field. das, J E.dl 8, The potential in a lamellar field is a)1 b)o °)-l da Answer: b Explanation: Work done in a lamellar field is zero. J E.dl = 0,thus SV = 0. The potential will be zero. 9. Line integral is used to calculate a) Foree b) Area c) Volume d) Length Downloaded From: https://ese-r17.blogspot.com 32MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: d Explanation: Length is a linear quantity, whereas area is two dimensional and volume is three dimensional. Thus single or line integral can be used to find length in general. 10, The energy stored in the inductor 100mH with a current of 2A is a) 0.2 by 04 ©) 0.6 08 Answer: a . Explanation: dw = ei dt = Li di, W = LJ i.di Energy E = 0.SLI? = 0.5 X 0.1 X 2? = 0.2 Joule, TOPIC 2.6 SURFACE INTEGRAL 1. Evaluate Jxy dxdy over the positive quadrant of the circle x*+y?=a". at be of as Answer: a Explanation: In the positive quadrant of the circle, y:0a ios Ve—@ Therefore the integral is [Cf evteay fo Jo Je Edy (from 0 to Va? — a) + Joya? — Ady = 2. Evaluate [Ixy dxdy over the region bounded by x axis, ordinate x=2a and the curve x?—4ay. as be oF as Answer: a Explanation: Both the curves meet at (2a,a). Therefore, 2:0 2a Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 33MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT y:0 .e fa ser axydedy = f2a2¥ dz (from 00 #2) _t pray =z do Toay tt + 3. Evaluate {[x?+y? dxdy in the positive quadrant for which xty<=1. a z i 4 a) b) °) QT Answer: ¢ Explanation: In this x: Otol y:0 to 1-x Wo do 72? + pdrdy fiaty + £de (from 0 to 1-x) fir —2)+ 2 4, Byaluate f° 2 e-rdddr, a) be 2 d) Answer: & Explanation: The integral is in polar coordinates. Substitute r? as t So° fol" eto ? P()d0 1 7 5. Evaluate Jfrsin@drd® over the cardiod r= a(1+cos®) above the initial line. ayae be se gaz Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com Regulations 2017 34MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: a Explanation: 0: 0 to x 1:00 a(1-4cos0) Kr pre rsinddrd0 =ff4 5 = sindd0 (from 0 to a(1+cos0)) A $1 + coso)?a0 =42, 6. Evaluate f° fz” e-@'”)dedy by changing into polar coor a) bs oF dF Answer: ¢ Explanation: [5° [f° +? dady Sa? fee ldrde Substitute 1? ast ps2 bres tata per 7. Evaluate the following integral by transforming into polar coordinates. [fo a= be oe aos Pdedy Answer: © Explanation: Subtitute x as reos@ and y as rsin®. Therfore 0 : 0 to IH/2 andr: 010 Se (iC rsinorrdrdd Up rare"? sinodo} =4. 8. Evaluate {5° a)0 b)1 *° <> dydz by changing the order of integration. Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 35MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT 2 a2 Answer: b Explanation: In the question, y: x to infty x: 0 to infinity ‘Now changing the orrder of integration: y tends to infinity y: 0 to infinity x: 0toy oo py et Se So $F dyde Se Fydy =-(0-1), 9. Calculate the area enclosed by parabolas x? = y and y? = x, d) Answer: b Explanation: x: 010 1 yi ato? 1 pve Sy SS dude fi vE-stde 10, What is the area of a cardiod y = a(1+cos0). a) b) 31a” oe oF Answer: 2 Explanation: 8: 010% 1: 00 a(1+cos0) Ate

1 then we can plot vertical spans. 4, Ifthe slope magnitude is 1, then circles, ellipse and other curves will appear a) Thick b) Thinnest ¢) Big d) Rough Answer: b Explanation: The magnitude value 1 displays thinnest curves, citcles and ellipses. Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 37MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 5. One of the method for displaying thick curves is a) Curve slope b) Curve width ©) Curve cap 4) Only ¢ Answer: a Explanation: This method fills the area b/w 2 parallel curves, whose separation distance=desired width. 6. The pixel masks for implementing line-type options are also used in the following algorithm to generate dashed and dotted patterns. a) Raster line algorithm b) Raster scan algorithm ©) Raster curve algorithm, 4) Random curve algorithm Answer: & Explanation: Raster curve algorithm generates dashed and dotted patterns. 7. We can generate the dashes in the various octants and the circle path with vertical path using a) Circles b) Circle symmetry ©) Circle simmetry 4) Curve slope Answer: b Explanation: Circle symmetry generates dashes in the various octants, but we must shift the pixel positions to maintain the correct sequence. 8, The function of the pixel mask is a) To display dashes and inter dash spaces according to the slope b) To display curved attributes ©) To display the thick curves 4) None of these Answer: & Explanation: None. 9. If we want to display constant-length dashes, then we need to do the following. a) We need to adjust the number of pixels plotted in each dash bb) We need to adjust the number of dots ©) We must use line-type functions 4) Neither a nor ¢ Number of pixels plotted in each dash, will displays constant-length dashes. Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 38MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 10. The curves displayed with a rectangular pen will be a) Thinner bb) Thicker and magnitude slope is 1 ©) Thicker and magnitude slope >1 4d) Bor TOPIC 2.8 VOLUME INTEGRAL TOPIC 2.9 GREEN'S THEOREM 1. Mathematically, the functions in Green’s theorem will be a) Continuous derivatives b) Discrete derivatives ¢) Continuous partial derivatives 4) Diserete partial derivatives Answer: ¢ Explanation: The Green’s theorem states that if L and M are functions of (x.y) in an open region containing D and having continuous partial derivatives then, J@ dx + G dy) = {[(dG/dx — dE /dy)dx dy, with path taken anticlockwise. 2. Find the value of Green’s theorem for F = x? and G = y? is a)0 b)I 2 a3 0. The value of Green’s theorem gives [(dGidx — dF/dy)dx dy = [I(0 — 0)dx dy zero for the functions given. 3. Which of the following is not an application of Green’s theorem? a) Solving two dimensional flow integrals b) Area surveying c) Volume of plane figures 4) Centroid of plane figures Answer: ¢ Explanation: In physics, Green’s theorem is used to find the two dimensional flow integrals. Inplane geometry, it is used to find the area and centroid of plane figures. 4, The path traversal in calculating the Green’s theorem is a) Clockwise Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 39MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 b) Anticlockwise c) Inwards 4) Outwards ‘The Green’s theorem calculates the area traversed by the functions in the region in the anticlockwise direction. This converts the line integral to surface integral. 5. Calculate the Green’s value for the functions F = y* and G = x? for the region x = 1 and-y = 2 from origin. a)0 b)2 )-2 dl Answer: ¢ Explanation: |\(G/ax — dF/dy)dx dy = {J(2x — 2y)dx dy. On integrating for x = 0->1 and y = 0-2, we get Green’s value as -2. 6. If two functions A and B are discrete, their Green’s value for a region of circle of radius a in the positive quadrant is a)o b)-» 20 d) Does not exist Answer: d Explanation: Green's theorem is valid only for continuous functions. Since the given functions are discrete, the theorem is invalid or does not exist. 7. Applications of Green’s theorem are meant to be in a) One dimensional b) Two dimensional ©) Three dimensional 4) Four dimensional Answer: Explanation: Since Green’s theorem converts line integral to surface integral, we get the value as two dimensional. In other words the functions are variable with respect to x,y, which is two dimensional. 8, The Green’s theorem can be related to which of the following theorems mathematically? a) Gauss divergence theorem b) Stoke’s theorem ©) Buler’s theorem 4) Leibnitz’s theorem Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 40MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: b Explanation: The Green’s theorem is a special case of the Kelvi stokes theorem, when applied to a region in the x-y plane. It is a widely used theorem in mathematics and physics 9, The Shoelace formula is a shortcut for the Green's theorem. State True/False. a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: The Shoelace theorem is used to find the area of polygon using cross multiples. This can be verified by dividing the polygon into triangles. It is a special case of Green’s theorem. 10, Find the area of a right angled triangle with sides of 90 degree unit and the functions described by L = cos y and M = si a0 b)45 ©) 90 4) 180 Answer: d ‘Explanation: dM/dx = cos x and dLidy = -sin y Ji(dMidx - dLidy)dx dy = ff (cos x + sin y)dx dy. On integrating with x = wwe get area of right angled triangle as -180 units (taken in clockwise direction). cannot be negative, we take 180 units TOPIC 2.10 GAUSS DIVERGENCE THEOREM 1. Gauss theorem uses which of the following operations? a) Gradient b) Curl c) Divergence 4) Laplacian Answer: Explanation: The Gauss divergence theorem uses divergence operator to convert surface to volume integral. [tis used to calculate the volume of the function enclosing the region given. 2. Evaluate the surface integral JJ (3x i + 2y j). dS, where S is the sphere given by x? + y? + z? a) 1200 b) 180 c) 2407 d) 300%. Answer: b Explanation: We could parameterise surface and find surface integral, but it is wise to use Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 41MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 divergence theorem to get faster results. The divergence theorem is given by {f F.dS = {ff Div ().dV Div (xi + 2y j)=3 + 2=5. Now the volume integral will be ff 5.dV, where dV is the volume of the sphere 43/3 and r= 3units. Thus we get 180n. 3. The Gauss divergence theorem converts a) Tine to surface integral b) line to volume integral ) surface to line integral 4d) surface to volume integral Answer: d Explanation: The divergence theorem for a function F is given by [J E.dS = [JJ Div (F).dV. Thus it converts surface to volume integral. 4. The divergence theorem for a surface consisting of a sphere is computed in which coordinate system? a) Cartesian b) Cylindrical ©) Spherical 4d) Depends on the function Answer: d Explanation: Seeing the surface as sphere, we Would immediately choose spherical system, but it is wrong. The divergence operation is performed in that coordinate system in which the function belongs to. It is independent of the surface region. 5, Find the Gauss value for a position vector in Cartesian system from the origin to one unit in three dimensions. ajo b)3 03 ai The position vector in Cartesian system is given by R =x ity j+zk. Div(R) = 1 + 1+ 1=3. By divergence theorem, {{/3.dV, where V is a cube with x = 0->1, y = 0-1 andz = 0->1. On integrating, we get 3 units. 6. The divergence theorem value for the function x? + y? + z? at a distance of one unit from the origin is a) b)1 c)2 d)3 Answer: d Explanation: Div (F) = 2x + 2y + 2z. The triple integral of the divergence of the function is Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 42MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 [ff(2x + 2y + 2z)dx dy dz, where x = 0-1, y = 0->1 and z= 0->1. On integrating, we get 3 units. 7. Ifa function is described by F = (3x + z, y? - sin x2z, xz + ye*), then the divergence theorem value in the region 01, y = 0->3 and z= 0->2, we get 39 units. 8. Find the divergence theorem value for the function given by (e%, sin x, y?) a)l b)0 o)-l d2 Answer: b Explanation: Since the divergence of the function is zero, the triple integral leads to zero. The Gauss theorem gives zero value. 9. For a function given by F = 4x i+ Ty j +zk, the divergence theorem evaluates to which of the values given, if the surface considered is a cone of radius 1/27 m and height 4? m. a1 b)2 °)3 a4 Answer: b . Explanation: Div (F)=4 + 7+ 1 = 12. The divergence theorem gives {ff(12).dV, where dV is the volume of the cone mrh/3, where r= 1/2 m and h = 4x m. On substituting the radius and height in the triple integral, we get 2 units 10, Divergence theorem computes to zero for a solenoidal function. State True/False. a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: The divergence theorem is given by, JJ F.dS = {{f Div (F).dV, for a function F. If the function is solenoidal, its divergence will be zero. Thus the theorem computes to zero. TOPIC 2.11 STOKE'S THEOREM Downloaded From: https://ese-r17.blogspot.com 43MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: d Explanation: The curl of y i +2, + x k is i(O-1) — j(1-0) + k(0-1) = -i-j-K Since the curl is zero, the value of Stoke’s theorem is zero. The function is said to be irrotational. 2. The Stoke's theorem uses which of the following operation? a) Divergence b) Gradient ©) Curl 4) Laplacian Explanation: JA.dl = {J Curl (A).ds is the expression for Stoke’s theorem. It is clear that the theorem uses curl operation. 3. Which of the following theorem convert line integral to surface integral? a) Gauss divergence and Stoke’s theorem ») Stoke’s theorem only ©) Green’ s theorem only 4) Stoke’s and Green’s theorem Answer: Explanation: The Stoke's theorem is given by JA.dl = jJ Curl (A).ds. Green’s theorem is given by, | F dx + G dy = ff (dG/dx — ‘dx dy. It is clear that both the theorems convert line to surface integral, 4, Find the value of Stoke’s theorem for A =x i+ y j + zk. The state of the function will be a) Solenoidal b) Divergent ©) Rotational 4) Curl free Answer: Since curl is required, we need not bother about divergence property. The curl of the function will be i(0-0) — j(0-0) + k(0-0) = 0. The curl is zero, thus the function is said to be irrotational or curl free. 5. The Stoke’s theorem can be used to find which of the following? a) Area enclosed by a funetion in the given region ) Volume enclosed by a function in the given region ©) Linear distance d) Curl of the function Downloaded From: https://ese-r17.blogspot.com 44MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: a Explanation: It states that the line integral of a function gives the surface area of the function enclosed by the given region. This is computed using the double integral of the curl of the function. 6. The energy stored in an inductor 2H and current 4 is a4 b)8 o) 12 d) 16 Answer: d Explanation: From Stoke’s theorem, we can calculate energy stored in an inductor as 0.5Li2, E=05X2X 4?= 16 units. 7. The voltage of a capacitor 12F with a rating of 2J energy is, a) 0.57 b)5.7 ©) 57 4) 570 Answer: a Explanation: We can compute the energy stored in a capacitor from Stoke's theorem as 0.5Cv?. Thus given energy is 0.5 X 12 X v2. We get v = 0.57 volts. 8. Find the power, given energy E = 2J and current density J = x? a) 1/3 b) 2/3 1 d) 4/3, ries from x = 0 and x= 1. Answer: b Explanation: From Stoke’s theorem, we can calculate P= EX 1=/E. J ds = 2) x? dx as x = 0->1. We get P= 2/3 units, 9. The conductivity of a material with current density 1 unit and electric field 200 V is a) 2000 b) 3000 ) 4000 4) 5000 Answer: d Explanation: The current density is given by, J = 6E. ‘To find conductivity, o = WE = 1/200 X. 10° = 5000, 10. The resistivity of a material with resistance 200 ohm, length 10m and area twice that of the length is Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 45MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 a) 200 b) 300 c) 400 d) 500 Answer: Explanation: Resistance calculated from Ohm’s law and Stoke's theorem will be R = pL/A. To get resistivity, p = RA/L = 200 X 20/10 = 400. TOPIC 2.12 VERIFICATION AND APPLICATION IN EVALUATING LINE, SURFACE AND VOLUME INTEGRALS. 1. Evaluate [xy dxdy over the positive quadrant of the circle x+y?=a?, at oe ya Cr Answer: a Explanation: In the positive quadrant of the circle, yi03a ciooVva—e Therefore the integral is L f. vee fg Fay (from 0 to Va? — 2) = tii ule —v)dy = $. 3 2. Evaluate JIxy dxdy over the region bounded by x axis, ordinate x=2a and the curve x*=4ay. at b) § oe oF Answer: a Explanation: Both the curves meet at (2a,a) Therefore, 2:0 2a yo e Bah azydedy fea de (from 0 to =) Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 46MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT 2a _ gt = 2h Taye Answer: ¢ Explanation: In this x: Otol y:0 to l-x Sy So 2 + ¥dedy = fp y+ 2de (from 0 to 1-x) a2 Spe —s)+ ede 4, Evaluate 5° fg? eT rd0dr. a)r be oF OF Answer: ¢ Explanation: The integral is in polar coordinates. Substitute ras t co pri? tay dt So foe a0 z jo" P(1)ao =F 5. Evaluate JjrsinOdrd0 over the cardiod r = a(1+cos0) above the initial line. ae Fs 8S gaz Answer: a Explanation: 0: 0 to x £0 to a(1 +cos0) AF fo0e rsinedrd® Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com Regulations 2017 47MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 = Jf ¥ sin0do (from 0 to a(1+c0s0)) So 4 (1 + cos0)?do =42, 6. Evaluate f° f,° eI dady by changing into polar coordinates. Answer: & ‘Explanation: i free Wdrdy Wg? fre Marae Substitute r? as t Jy’ etdtdo T(1)d0 7. Evaluate the following integral by transforming into polar coordinates. f f OF yey Subtitute x as rcos@ and y as rsin8, Therfore 6 : 0 to II/2 andr: 0 toa Se (2? rsinerrdrdd [fe rar] [ fe"? sinodd] =4, 8. Evaluate 5° f° £* dydz by changing the order of integration. ajO b)1 c)2 12 Answer: b Explanation: In the question, y: x to infnity Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 48MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT x: 0 to infinity Now changing the orrder of integration: yx y tends to infinity y: 0 to infinity X:0toy Se So Fade I” Fudy 9. Calculate the area enclosed by parabolas x? = y and y? = ay b) + oF OF Answer: b Explanation: x: to | ys see 1 TV 4 Sse = hve (a — ada 4. 10, What is the area of a cardiod y = a(1+cos0). a> b) 3na” oF o# Answer: a Explanation: 0 : 010 7 1:0 to a(1-+c0s0) Been fF f2 pray a 7c Total area = 2+ 38° tat 2 Regulations 2017 Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 49MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 UNIT U1 ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS TOPIC 3.1 ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS TOPIC 3.2 NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR ANALYTICITY IN CARTESIAN AND POLAR COORDINATES - PROPERTIES 1. The Cartesian system is also called as a) Circular coordinate system b) Rectangular coordinate system ©) Spherical coordinate system 4) Space coordinate system Answer: b Explanation: The other name for Cartesian is rectangular system, which is given by (x.y). 2. The volume of a parallelepiped in Cartesian is a) dV = dx dy dz, b) dV = dx dy ©) dV = dy dz d) dV = dx dz Answer: a Explanation: The volume of a parallelepiped is given by product of differential length, breadth and height. 3. A charge is placed in a square container. The position of the charge with respect to the origin can be found by a) Spherical system ) Circular system c) Cartesian system 4) Space coordinate system Answer: ¢ Explanation: Since the container possesses dimensions of a square (length, breadth and height), it can be found by Cartesian system, 4, The scalar factor of Cartesian system is unity. State True/False. a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: The range of Cartesian system is one to infinity. Thus the minimum scalar value of the system is unity. Downloaded From: hitps://ese-r17.blogspot.com 50MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 5. The angular separation between the vectors A = 4i + 3j + 5k and B =i—2j + 2k is (in degrees) a) 65.8 b) 66.8 ©) 67.8 8) 68.8 Answer: ¢ Explanation: The dot product the vector is 8. Angle of separation is cos 0 = 8/ (7.07 X 3) = 0.377 and 6 = cos!(0.377) = 67.8. 6. The Cartesian coordinates can be related to cylindrical coordinates and spherical coordinates, State True/False. a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: All the coordinate systems are inter-convertible and all the vector operations are applicable to it 7. Transform the vector A a) -3.6) - 4k b) -3.6) + 4k ©) 3.6) 4k 4) 3.6) + 4k — 2} — 4k at P(2,3,3) to cylindrical coordinates Answer: a Explanation: Convert the Cartesian form to cylindrical form by formula and substitute the points to get -3.6j — 4k. 8. The spherical equivalent of the vector B = yi + (x + z)j located at (-2,6,3) is given by a) (7,64.62,71.57) b) (7,-64.62,-71.57) ©) (7,+64.62,71.57) 4) (7,64.62,-11.57) Answer: d Explanation: Substitute the points in the vector and convert the Cartesian to cylindrical form to get radius as 7, plane angle! as 64.62 and plane angle? as -71.57. 9. Which of the following criteria is used to choose a coordinate system? a) Distance b) Intensity ©) Magnitude d) Geometry Answer: d Explanation: The coordinate system is chosen based on the geometry of the given problem, Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com SIMA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 1m a point charge +Q, the electric field spreads in all 360 degrees. The calculation of electric field in this case will be spherical system. 10. Vector transformation followed by coordinate point substitution and vice-versa, both given the same result, Choose the best answer. a) Possible, when the vector is constant b) Possible, when the vector is variable ) Possible in all cases d) Not possible he order of vector transformation and point substitution will not affect the result, only when the vector is a constant. TOPIC 3.3 HARMONIC CONJUGATES, TOPIC 3.4 CONSTRUCTION OF ANALYTIC FUNCTION - CONFORMAL MAPPING TOPIC 3.5 MAPPING BY FUN TRANSFORMATIE CTIONS BILINEAR 1. Bilinear Transformation is used for transforming an analog filter to a digital filter. a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: The bilinear transformation can be regarded as a correction of the backward difference method, The bilinear transformation is used for transforming an analog filter to a digital filter. 2. Which of the following rule is used in the bilinear transformation? a) Simpson’s rule b) Backward difference c) Forward difference 4) Trapezoidal rule Answer: d Explanation: Bilinear transformation uses trapezoidal rule for integrating a continuous time funetion, 3. Which of the following substitution is done in Bilinear transformations? ajs= 2 (42 rere Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 52MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 =2 os> ple d) None of the mentioned Answer: © Explanation: In bilinear transformation of an analog filter to digital filter, using the trapezoidal rule, the substitution for ‘s’ is given as x(t)dt according to trapezoidal rule? gy [2eDezle=N ip Answer: b Explanation: The given integral is approximated by the trapezoidal rule. This rule states that if T is small, the area (integral) can be approximated by the mean height of x(t) between the two limits and then multiplying by the width, That is Jo yr 2(tat = (SET ig 5. What is the value of y(n)-y(n-1) in terms of input x(n)? oy ese » (Ser [sis [er Answer: a Explanation: We know that the derivative equation is dy(t)/dt=x(t) On applying integrals both sides, we get Scar A(t) = Speeayr 2(t) dt os yt) ylO-DT Hf yp a(t) dt On applying trapezoidal rule on the right hand integral, we get ; inser yee te yat)-y[(0-1)T]=[22 OO hp ‘Since x(n) and y(n) are approximately equal to x(nT) and y(nT) respectively, the above equation can be written as yen)-yor)=|2S 9 ir 6. What is the expression for system function in z-domain? a) 2 [4s a el Dees Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 53MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: ¢ Explanation: We know that yn)-y(nel = [2p Taking z-transform of the above equation gives Y (z)[1-2"" (1427/2). TX(2) =>H)-Y@vX@=F [ES 7. In bilinear transformation, the left-half s-plane is mapped to which of the following in the 2- domain? a) Entirely outside the unit circle |2|=1 b) Partially outside the unit circle [Z]=1 ©) Partially inside the unit circle |z/=1 4) Entirely inside the unit circle [|=1 Answer: d Explanation: In bilinear transformation, the z to s transformation is given by the expression 2[14(T/2)s)[1-(T/2)s]. ‘Thus unlike the backward difference method, the lefi-half s-plane is now mapped entirely inside the unit circle, [z|-1, rather than to a part of it. _ 8. The equation s= + a) True b) False is a true frequeney-to-frequency transformation. Answer: a Explanation: Unlike the backward difference method, the left-half s-plane is now mapped entirely inside the unit circle, |2}=1, rather than to a part of it. Also, the imaginary axis is mapped to the unit circle. Therefore, equation s= 2[ 4 is a true frequency-to-frequency transformation. 9. If s-6+j0 and z=re)®, then what is the a)o>0 byo<0 o> do<1 condition on 6 if r<1? Answer: b Explanation: We know that if = 0+} and z=re!®, then by substi ‘ion jez ing the values in the below Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 54MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 o- Thais When r<1 > 0 <0. 10. If s=o+}Q and z=re! and r=1, then which of the following inference is correct? a) LHS of the s-plane is mapped inside the circle, |z|=1 'b) RHS of the s-plane is mapped outside the circle, [z|=1 ©) Imaginary axis in the s-plane is mapped to the circle, |Z/=1 4) None of the mentioned Answer: ¢ Explanation: We know that if =6+j9 and z=re!®, then by substituting the values in the below expression tert Tet Flaten! When =1 => 00. ‘This shows that the imaginary axis inthe s-domain is mapped to the eirele of unit radius centered at z=0 in the z-domain. 11. If s=040 and z=re!®, then what is the condition on if 1? a)o>0 b)o<0 e)o>l do<1 Answer: a Explanation: We know that if = 04}Q and 7=rejo, then by substituting the values in the below expression 20 Flaps) When r>1 => o > 0. 12, What is the expression for the digital frequency when 1? a) ptan( Sy b) tan(SE) ©) tan (3) 13. What is the kind of relationship between Q and co? a) Many-to-one Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 55MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 b) One-to-many ¢) One-to-one 4) Many-to-many Answer: Explanation: The analog frequencies =o are mapped to digital frequencies ox, The frequency mapping is not aliased; that is, the relationship between and « is one-to-one, AS a consequence of this, there are no major restrictions on the use of bilinear transformation, UNIT IV COMPLEX INTEGRATION TOPIC 4.1 LINE INTEGRAL - CAUCHY'S INTEGRAL THEOREM TOPIC 4.2 CAUCHY'S INTEGRAL FORMULA 1. Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem can be reduced to Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem. a) True b) False Answer: a Explanation: Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the generalized form of Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem and can be given by, Lle~0h) _ Hora) g < alert) — ‘alahy-aiay 99 <0 <2 Hence, if g(x) = x, then CMV reduces to LMV. 2. Which of the following is not a necessary condition for Cauchy"s Mean Value Theorem? a) The functions, f(x) and g(x) be continuous in [a, b] b) The derivation of g'(x) be equal to 0 c) The functions f(x) and g(x) be derivable in (a, b) 4) There exists a yalue ¢ € (a, b) such that, 47 La) _ Se) Answer: b Explanation: Cauchy's Mean Value theorem is given by, 4)-4¢) = 512. where f(x) and g(x) be two functions which are derivable in [a, b] and g'(x)#0 for any value of x in [a, b] and where c C (a, b). 3. Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem is also known as ‘Extended Mean Value Theorem’ a) False b) True Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 56MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: b Explanation: Mean Value Theorem is given by, LO=£4 = #'(c), where ¢ € (a. b). This theorem can be generalized to Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem and hence CMV is also known as “Extended” or ‘Second Mean Value Theorem’, 4. The Mean Value Theorem was stated and proved by a) Parameshvara b) Govindasvami c) Michel Rolle 4) Augustin Louis Cauchy Answer: d Explanation: Augustin Louis Cauchy was a French Mathematician, Engincer and Physicist who first stated and proved the Mean Value Theorem. 5. Find the value of ¢ which satisfies the Mean Value Theorem for the given function, f(x)= x2+2x+1 on [1,2] az wt oF a= Answer: a Explanation: Given function is, f(x)= x?+2x+1. According to Mean Value Theorem, fi(c) F(b)- f(a) te F(Q=2c12 de + 2 = Uatitlcttssen) 5 20=-7 e z 6. What is the largest possible value of f(0), where f(s) is continuous and differentiable on the interval [-5, 0], such that {(-5)= 8 and £(c)<2. a)2 b)-2 o) 18 d)-18 Answer: b Explanation: From the Mean Value Theorem, we have, f'(c) = fo = i -5f" (c) = £(0)-8 {O)-8 - SPC) S Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 57MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 7. What is the value of ¢ which lies in [1, 2] for the fimetion f(x)=4x and g(x)=3x2? a) 16 by 1s ol a2 Answer: b - ion: From C. 1 L\=f) _ Ste) Explanation: From Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem, we have, S-9} — £10. Ter = uo vox ty c=taS515 8, Which of the following method is used to simplify the evaluation of limits? a) Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem b) Rolle’s Theorem c) L’Hospital Rule 4) Fourier Transform L'Hospital’s Rule is used as a definitive way of simplification. The L’Hospital’s Rule does not directly evaluate the limits but only simplifies the evaluation, 9. What is the value of the given limit, lims 40 2? a)2 bo 12 4) 3/2 Answer: a Explanation: Given: lian, & Using L’ospital’s Rule, by differentiating both the numerator and denominator with respect tox, lime s0? 10, L’Hospital’s Rule was first discovered by Marquis de L’Hospital. a) True b) False Answer: b Explanation: The L’Hospital’s Rule was first published in Marquis de L’Hospital’s book “Analyse des Infiniment Petits’, but the rule was discovered by Swiss Mathematician Johann. Bernoulli, TOPIC 4.3 TAYLOR'S AND LAURENT'S SERIES Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 58MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 1. Expansion of function f(x) is? AMO) FM £ OFA! Ores 2) BLE Mf OME Oe ®%r fO) ©) £0) —%yf (OF Ay HO)... ssh ®%y #0) 4) 10) + % FAME Do. ar PD) Answer: a Explanation: By Maclaurin’s series, f(0) + %y f° (0) +*%y f° )......™%y # (0) 2. The necessary condition for the maclaurin expansion to be true for function f{x) is 3) IG) should be continuous b) f(x) should be differentiable c) fx) should exists at every point d) f(x) should be continuous and differentiable Answer: d Explanation: By Maclauin’s series, {(0) +1 f (0) +¥/, £° ()eoeeee-?™%y (0) Where, f(x) should be continuous and differentiable upto nth derivative. 3. The expansion of f(ath) is Fa) + EFC) + EPA). HE Fa) ») f(a) + FF'(a) + BF"(a) ©) hf(a) + Fr F'(a) + 4 F"(a)- &) f(a) + Bs '(a) + FP(@) Answer: a Explanation: By taylor expansion, flath) = fla) +4 Pa) +", (@) +a f(a) 4. The expansion of e509 is? a) 14x #4 4X44 bl ex+ HQ. 1+x-%% d1+x4%%- Answer: b Explanation: Now f(x) = 5"), (0) = 1 Hence, f (x)=f(x)Cos(x), f (0) = 1 Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 59MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 f (=f (x)Cos(x) - f(x)Sino),L” (x)Cos(x) — 2f' (x)Sin(x) — f(x) cos(x).f” (x) = 0. ” (x)Cos(x)— 3f” (x)Sin(x) — 3f' (x) cos(x) + f(x) sin(x), "(a3 Hence, 2, fix) = Si) = 1 +x 448% (By melaurin’ sexpansion) 5. Expansion of Sin!) is? erste Baht Bett. $5 gt eed qe te 9% - we tie det S4+aar+ Bart ‘Answer: a Explanation: Given, y = Sin’!(x), hence at x = 0, y = 0 Now, differentiating it, we get 4&2 aye de vee On expanding the R.ILS. by Binomial Theorem we get Ba14 sr detp Sort. On integrating we get, yous St Sah 4 halt... 40 By putting x=0 hence we get, 6. Find the expansion of f(x) = In(1-+e%)? a) In(2 ) + 2/2 + 29/8 — at/192 +. b) In(2) + 2/2 + 27/8 +.a4/192 +. ©) In(2) + 2/2 +a4/8 - 28/192 d) In(2) + 2/2 + 08/8 + 25/192 + Given, f(x) = In(1++e%), £(0) = In@2) Differentiating it we get Fas -1/(1+e*), f*(0) = 1/2 Again differentiating we get Pz) =e /(L+er? = (F"(2))/A +e), f i” =14 £Oee +e) f(a) ~ fi(x)e*)/(1 + Y= (F"(@))/( + €*) ~ F'(@)F"(a), hence (0) £°%(0) = (ACL +e) F(a) ~ F(w)e/CL + e)? ~ (F"(@))? ~ F1)F"(2), bonce P"OrU8 Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 60MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Hence, by melaurit f(z) =In(1 + e*) series, In(2) + 2/2 + 27/8 — 24/1924. 7. Find the expansion of e*Sine)2 a) e*Sim(=) — 1 4 2? — 24/3 + 2/120 — b) ei") = 142? + 24/3 + 09/1204. c) e#5im(=) =» 4 03/3 + 29/120+.. d) e#Sin2) = x + 23/3 — 25/120 + nn, f(x) = eXSi)_ (0) = 1 ‘Now, the expansion of xSin(x) is 2? — 23/3! + 29/5! + Hence, e?Sin(x) =e! = 1+ y+ y2/21+ y/31-+... Henee, vente ee ersint - Z, + Se + el2Sinta)) = +... (we neglect all other other terms by considering the options given) ence, Si) po _r peg ag Henee, ¢ Sl+e+ S43 8. Given f(x)= In(cos(x)),calculate the value of In(cos("/)) a)-1.741 b) 1.741 ©) 1.563 d) -1.563 n fx) = In(Cos(x)), £(0) = 0 Differentiating it (x) =~ tan(x), £(0) = 0 (2) = ~sec*(2), (0) = —1 (zt) = —2sec(x) sec(x) tan(x) = —2f"(zx) f'(x), hence f"(0)=0 £7%(x)=2(P Gs) P(X)HES))?), hence £7%(0)=-2 Now, by melaurins’s series f(x)=In(Cos(x))=0 + 0 — 27/2! + 0— 24/124.. Therefore, f(x)=—2?/2! — 24/12 + Hence, In(cos(a/2))=-1.741 9. Find the expansion of cos(xsin(t)). a) oe (Sel) b) rol 9 Dea(A Oo) Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 61MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: b ‘Explanation: Given, f(x)=Cos(xSin(t))=real part of (e*Si"®) =real part of{eX°2s eixSin(y real part offeX(Cst0i8iN0} Real part of SOP , £iCenn ising ee 10, Find the expansion of Sin(ISin"! (x)), a) la — MP) 93 4 HIPYOP) 95 os, AO os bint BPs + Pe + late? + MA gt MOA ey a OM) ey di¢mty Gays en, y = f(x) = Sin(ISin(x)) Now, differentiating, # = Cos(tsin™(2))(Fs) Hence, (1=22)(2)? = ICos(ISin-\(2))* (1 = 2) (yi)? = PCos(lSin“\(x))? = Pl — 7} Hence, differentiating again we get, (1 = 22)2y.yp — 2ay? = —22 yy, (1-2*)yp — ay + Py =0 Hence by Leibniz theorem, (1 = 2) (na) — (2 + Latyinsa) — (rn? — m?)yn = 0 Therefore by putting x=0, we get, Yini2)(0) = (n? — Py, (0) putting .n=1,2,3,4..... ys(0) = (1 —P)ya(0) = 1 — P) He-P) Hencey = Sin(ISin1(2)) = te + Woes y MEMO as 11, Expand (1 +x)", giv a)ef1 ++ 44-0] by eft = + Rg oad ©) 0% — aged 8) f+ Rg eed Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 2MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: b Explanation: Given, y = (1 +x)'* Hence, tng) ta Hence, In(y}=1 fe — = Hence, y =e! #+~. Hence, y= ee? =e(1t+2+ 3+ yrell (4S + yre[l —2/2+ a2/e + 22/84 yee —% + B50] 12. Find the solution of diff ai- s+ ate ts et ie! e+e ntial equation, 9%, = xy + x, ify = 1 atx = 0. hence, "%, (x=0) = 0 +2x hence, yy = xy, +y + 2x and, 8/2 xy, + hence, ©%/32(%=0)=1 Differentiating it n times we get, Yot2 = Tait + Yn + Yn = 2Ynit + (M+ Lyn Putting x0 we get, Yn+2(0) = (n+ Tyn(0) ‘Now putting the values of n as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 we get, ys(0) = 0, y4(0) ~ 3, ys(0) = 0, yo(0) = 15...... and soon By mclaurin’s series, yale seat + ey {Toric 4.4 SINGULARITIES TOPIC 4.5 RESIDUES TOPIC 4.6 RESIDUE THEOREM Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 63MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 TOPIC 4.7 APPLICATION OF RESIDUE THEOREM FOR EVALUATION OF REAL INTEGRALS TOPIC 4.8 USE OF CIRCULAR CONTOUR AND SEMICIRCULAR CONTOUR. 1. Integration of function is same as the a) Joining many small entities to create a large entity b) Indefinitely small difference of a function ©) Multiplication of two function with very small change in value 4) Point where function neither have maximum value nor minimum value Answer: a Explanation: Integration of function is same as the Joining many small entities to create a large entity. 2. Integration of (Sin(x) + Cos(x))e* is, a) e* Cos(x) b) e¥ Sin(x) ©) & Tan(x) 4) €* (Sin(x)+Cos(x)) Answer: b Explanation: Let (x) = &* Sin(x) Je Sin(x)dx = e* Sin(x) — J e* Cos(x)dx Je Sin(x)dx + J eX Cos(x)dx = J e* [Cos(x)+Sin(x)]dx = e* Sin(x). 3. Integration of (Sin(xx) — Cos(x))e™ is a) -e* Cos(x) b) eX Cos(x) ©) -e* Sin(x) d) e Sin(x) Answer: a Explanation: Add constant automatically Let f(s) = e* Sin(x) J eX Sin(x)dx = -e* Cos(x) + J e* Cos(x)dx Je® Singd-J e¥ Cos(x)dx = J e* [Sin(x)-Cos(x)]dx -&* Cos(x). 4, Value of | Cos? (x) Sin? (x)dx. a) be 222) Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 64MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 outa es =| ty, — Sinton O ale ‘Sint22) d7e- Answer: ¢ Explanation: Add constant automatically Given,f{x)=f Cos*(2)Sin®(x)dx = 1 f Sin®(20)de = 1 f UC gy = 1 fy — Sinlted 5. If differentiation of any function is zero at any point and constant at other points then it a) Function is parallel to x-axis at that point b) Function is parallel to y-axis at that point ¢) Function is constant 4) Function is discontinuous at that point Answer: a slope of a function is given by 4/4, at that point. Hence, when *%/, = means slope of a function is zero i.e, parallel to x axis. Function is not a constant function since it has finite value at other points. Explanation: Sins entiation of any function is infinite at any point and constant at other points then it parallel to x-axis at that point b) Function is parallel to y-axis at that point ©) Funetion is constant 4) Function is discontinuous at that point Since slope of a function is given by “Y/;, at that point Hence.when ® means slope of a function is 90 degree i.e,parallel to y axis. %, 7. Integration of function y = f(x) from limit x1 dz- #2 => f(a) = fzdz = 2/2 = ie) 9. Find the value of JMe13)¢¢42) dt, is? a) 2 In(t+3)-3 In(t+2) bb) 2 In(t+3)+3 In(t+2) €) 3 In(t+3)-2 In(t+2) ) 3 In(t+3)+2In(t+2) ‘Add constant automatically Given, e* dx=eldt, Given, f= f "2de Let, 2=In(x)->dz- = Sle) = fzdz 10. Find the value of J eot(x) cosec* (x). a) [she sede) by penta sete) 4) a fe), ate) Answer: ¢ Explanation: Add constant automatically Given, f cot*(z)cosec(x)dz = — f cot*(2)cosec?()dcot() =f84+ ede = [5 4 ee) 11. Find the value of f a) $Vian(2)/5 + sec*(2)] b) 2 /sec(@)[5 + tan*(x) oevieals )[6 + tan?(z) 2 \/tan(a)|5 + tan*(x) Add constant automatically Given, f = de Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 66MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 np cleo) ae Mire Ve fiz +8 hae api [5 + tan®(x) 12. Find the value of f 4e=ede. a) sin x + 4) by tan M+ 4) o) Mase +) a) cos +4) Answer: b Explanation: Add constant automatically Given, f aaa “Siem aye Jaen ttan\(a +4) 13, Find the value of f V4a? + 4x + bdz. ges plerdra] mer y+ yer] nals Verb (expe D|4 dines yle+3y4 1] 02[d@+4) Grr] +tm[er y+ Vert] ote + a)V (e+ WD 4 Lin|(e +4) + ye+dy4 1] a)2 Answer: © Explanation: Add constant automatically Given, f V4a? + 4a + Bde = f2y/(«+ 4)? + Pde =f wy Bae = 2[ LVF 1] + Lint + VEST =2[Hes pyr dr en] + tales b+ VeTTEFT] UNIT V LAPLACE TRANSFORMS Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 67MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 TOPIC 5.1 EXISTENCE CONDITIONS TOPIC 5.2 TRANSFORMS OF ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS TOPIC 5.3 TRANSFORM OF UNIT STEP FUNCTION AND UNIT IMPULSE FUNCTION - BASIC PROPERTIES 1. How is the discrete time impulse function defined in terms of the step function? a) d[n] = ufn+1] — uff]. b) dfn] = ula] —ufn-2} ©) dfn] = un} — ufn-1]. 4) dfn] = ult] — ufn-1). Answer: ¢ Explanation: Using the definition of the Heaviside function, we can come to this conclusion. 2. What is the definition of the delta function in time space intuitively? a) Defines that there is a point | at t=0, and zero everywhere else b) Defines that there is a point 0 at t=O, and 1 everywhere else ¢) Defines 1 for all t> 0, and 0 else 4) Defines an impulse of area 1 at t=0, zero everywhere else Answer: d Explanation: Arises from the definition of the delta function, There is a clear difference between just the functional value and the impulse area of the delta function. 3. Is it practically possible for us to provide a perfect impulse to a system? a) Certainly possible b) Impossible c) Possible 4) None of the mentioned Answer: b Explanation: The spread of the impulse can never be restricted to a single point in time, and thus, we cannot achieve a perfect impulse. 4. The convolution of a discrete time system with a delta function gives a) the square of the system b) the system itself c) the derivative of the system 4) the integral of the system Answer: b Explanation: The integral reduces to the the integral calculated at a single point, determined by the centre of the delta function. Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 68MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 SE a)2 b)-2 Onl do \d the value of 2sgn(0)d[0] + d[1] + d[45], where sgn(x) is the signum function. Answer: d Explanation: sgn(0)=0, and d[n] = 0 for all n not equal to zero. Hence the sum reduces to zero. 6. Where h*x denotes h convolved with x, x[n]*d[n-90] reduces to a) x[n-89], b) x[n-91]. c) x[n=90]. ) x{n), Answer: ¢ Explanation: The function gets shifted by the center of the delta function during convolution. 7. Where h*x denotes h convolved with x, find the value of d[n]*d[n-1]. a) d[n}. b) djn-1] 9 Pin}. d) 2[n-1] Answer: b Explanation: Using the corollary, if we take d[n] to be the *x’ function, it will be shifted by -1 when convolved with d[n-1], thus rendering d[n-1). 8, How is the continuous time impulse fimetion defined in terms of the step function? a) u(t) = d(d(t))/dt bu =do) c) d(t) = du/dt ddQ=we Answer: ¢ Explanation: Using the definition of the Heaviside fumetion, we can come to this conclusion. 9. In which of the following useful signals, is the bilateral Laplace Transform different from the unilateral Laplace Transform? a) d(t) b) s(t) ©) u(t) d) all of the mentioned Answer: ¢ Explanation: The bilateral LT is different from the aspect that the integral is applied for the Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com “9MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 entire time axis, but the unilateral LT is applied only for the positive time axis. Hence, the u(t) [unit step function] differs in that aspect and hence can be used to differentiate the same. 10, What is the relation between the unit impulse function and the unit ramp function? bd ¢) d= d2(ry/dt? d) r= d(ay/dt? Answer: ¢ Explanation: ‘ow, d= du/dt and u = dr/dt. Hence, we obtain the above answer, TOPIC 5.4 SHIFTING THEOREMS -TRANSFORMS OF DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS TOPIC 5.5 INITIAL AND FINAL VALUE THEOREMS, 1. What is the steady state value of F (1), ifit is known that F(S)= eay2agzay? ) Cannot be determined Answer: b Explanation: From the equation of F(S), we can infer that, a simple pole is at origin and all, other poles are having negative real part. 2 (co) = lim, 49 $ F(S) - 2s M0 STs HTT 2 - Be -224 3 2. What is the steady state value of F (), if it is known that F(s) = Thay a)l b) 7 ot 4) Cannot be determined Answer: d Explanation: The steady state value of this Laplace transform is cannot be determined s F(s) has a pole s = I. Hence the answer is that it cannot be determined. Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 70MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 3. What is the steady state value of F (1), if it is known that F(s) = aw b) Cannot be determined c)0 d) . Answer: Explanation: The steady state value of F(s) exists since all poles of the given Laplace transform have negative real part. 2F(ce) = limg_ so 5 F(S) 0 Tea) =0. 4. What is the steady state value of F (t), if it is known that F(s) = when’ a)-5 bys ©) 10 4) Cannot be determined Answer: Explanation: The steady state value of this Laplace transform is cannot be determined since; F(s) is having two poles on the imaginary axis (j and —j). Hence the answer is that it cannot be determined. 5. What is the steady state value of F (1) if itis known that F(s) = b/(s(s+1)(s+a)), where a>0? 3 ae be cl 4) Cannot be determined Answer: a Explanation: F (#) = lim, 9 s F(s) a (ora oe : r 14, For the circuit given below, the Time-constant is 100 co 100V 1 OBE 100 ais b) 1.28 925 4) 2.25 Answer: b Explanation: We know that, Time constant is given by Rog.C The equivalent resistance is given by, Downloaded From: https://ese-r17.blogspot.com ”MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Reg=RUR So, Time-constant = 2425 = 1.25. 15. In a dual slop integrating type digital voltmeter, the first integrating is carried out for 50. periods of the supply frequency of $0 Hz. If the reference voltage used is 10 V, the total conversion time for an input of 40 V is? a)3s b)2s o)4s dis Answer: © Explanation: In a dual slope integrating digital voltmeter, Ly y, = GQ) Vin= Ver Where, ty = first integration time = 50 x 25 =1 But Vin = 40 V and Vyep= 10 V TOPIC 5.6 INVERSE TRANSFORMS 1. Find the inverse Laplace transform for & a) te! u(t) b) tet u(t) ©) tu(t) d) ef uct) Answer: b Explanation: Given X(s) = mir x58" [X(9)]= 27 [ Ae] = LS] = et alt = te wd 2. Find the inverse Laplace transform for == a) te u(t) b) et sint u(t) c) et cost u(t) detua) Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 75MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer:b Explanation: Given X(s) = win x= LEX] = L ‘Lata =e ‘[z 7] =e sine u 3. Find the inverse Laplace transform for a) te u(t) b) e* sint u(t) ) e* (1-2t)u(t) 4d) (1-20u(t) Answer: ¢ Explanation: Given X(s) = x= LT XO] =, 2 pe% [21 pe [e~ pap] = 2 (1-21)u(). 4. Find the inverse Laplace transform for == a) Re % sintjut) b) fe cost + 2e* sint}u(t) ¢) [2e7* cost — e'* sint]u(t) d) fe cost - 2e* sint}u(t) Answer: d Explanation: Given X(8) = qr 2-20] "2" — 20% sintju(t). = [eco 5. Find the inverse Laplace transform of X(s) = =r. a) Leos(#)t b) Seos(s)t 0) de sin(4)t d) F sin($)t Answer: b Explanation: Given X(s) = =t = 4 We know that 1"! ( ex(t) = LT [X(s)] = 3. Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 76MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 6. Find the inverse Laplace transform of X(s) = a) 4 tsinat b) s tsinat ©) $ teosat d) % teosat Answer: b Explanation: Given X(s) = mer x= X= 2" [Ge] =F = heb [saa] = Lesinat, 7. AEF) (8) = shy and F> (s) = by, find the inverse Laplace transform of F(s) = Fy (8) F, (s). a) et + eS jut) b) [ete Ju(, ° ict +eu(t) d) [e+ eu) Given F} (s)= 7 eae = (Fa) (4s) Apolying inverse Laplace transform, we get A) = [ee Ju, 8, Find the inverse Laplace transform for X(s) = phy. a) cosh2t b) $ cosh2t ©) sinb2t 4) S sinha ns Answer: b Explanation: Given X(8) = Fy = 3 ay We know that coshot = a7 sx(=L"! [X(9)] = $21 (qty) = Seosh. 9, Find the inverse Laplace transform for X(s) = a) ye Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 7MA8251 Engineering Mathematics IT Regulations 2017 Answer: b Explanation: Given X(s) = In( x()= LE [X(9] = 1" *fince)) L[x()] = In(- (5) = In(s+a-In(s+b) Lftx(t)] = [n(s+a)-In(o+by] = w= LM x)= 10, Find the inverse Laplace transform for the function X(s) = 545. a) e* cos2t u(t) — e* sin2t u(t) b) 2e* cos2t u(t)— $e sin2t u(t) c) 2e* cos2t u(t) — es sin2t u(t) d) e cos2t u(t) — $e sin2t u(t) Answer: b Explanation: Given function X(s) = Sty = Ail = Ge 2(642) 2 “Gaye 2 ae Applying inverse Laplace transform, we get x(Q) = 2e* cos2t u(t) - £ et sin2t u(t). 11. Find the inverse Laplace transform for the function X(s) = 5° a) © R9M y(n) — u(t) + PHM) w(e2)-u(t-2) b) PMN yey + eP9H) yt-2) ) e302) y(t-2) — u(t-2) gd) PM yay — uct, Given finetion X(s oat Ser3s L ‘lata| =L Moa} L [2 tae} 2g) tot| see] = 2"( sah) = E2PH 4G 2)-u(62) tt ex(t) = £25) y(t) — ure) + 23H) ue2)-u(t-2). | +2" [ser] rer 12. Given x(t}=e* u(t). Find the inverse Laplace transform of e* X(2s). a) dot)? ces) by Fe)? ws) Downloaded From: htips://ese-r17. blogspot.com 78