eee INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © iTRODUCTION This {mternational Standard ie one of a series of standards dealing with the sampling and testing of paints, varnishes and related products. It should be read in eonjunetion with \(~°03812, 1SO 1813, 1S0 1514 and 150 2808. £ This International Standard specifies 2 method for assessing the adhesion of a single coating or a multicoat system of {ping vornish or related product by measuring the mink F mum tensile stress necessary to detach of to rupture the coating in 2 cirection perpendicular to the substrate, ‘The test result Is influenced net only by the mechanical properties of the system under test, but aso by the nature snd preparation of the subswate, the method of paint UB spolication, the drying conditions of the costing, tempers: Ff sure, humidity and other factors. B The method of test specified below requires to be com: pleted, for any particular application, by the following sunplementary information, This information should be strived from the nmional sizndard or other document for the product under test or, if appropriate, shall be the subject of agreement between the interested partis. s} Moterial and surface preparation of test assembly |, surface or substrate, b) Method of application of test coating to. the substrate or test cylinder, if appropriate. ©) Duration and conditions of drying of the coating (or conditions of stoving and ageing, if applicable] Defove testing ) Thickness, in micrometres, of the ‘ery coating, including the’ method of mearurement in accordance With 150 2808, and whether itis 2 single coating or a ‘ulticoat system. #]_The adhesive (and mixing ratios, if applicable) and ‘uring conditions (see alzo clause 4). 1 Duration and conditions between assembly and testing 9) Type of pulk-ott test axzembly used (see 7.3), 4) Type of tensile tester and giameter of test eylinder. Vale = Hat 297 1SO 4624-1978 (E) Paints and varnishes — Pull-off test for adhesion 7. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION This International Standard specifies methods for carrying ‘out 2 puto test on a single coating or a multi-coat system, of paint, varnish or related product. ‘The test may be applied using a wide range of substrates. Ditferent procedures are specified according to whether the. substrate is deformable, for example thin metal, plasticy ‘nd wood, of rigid, for example thick conerete and metal plates. For special purposes, the coating may be applied to 42 test cylinder and, in this case, a methad for determina. ton of the costing thickness shall he agreed between the intorested par ‘The test result is the minimum tensiié stress necessary to break the weakest intertace (adhesive faljure) or the weakest ‘component {cohesive failure) of the test assombly, Miced ‘adhesive/echesive failures may also occu, 2 REFERENCES 180 1512, Paints ang varnishes — Sampling. 'SO 1813, Paints and varnishes ~ Examination and prep: station of samples for testing. 1801814, Paint and varnishes — Standard panels for testing. 'S0 2808, Paints anci varnishes — Determination of film thickness. ; 3. APPARATUS 3.4 Tensile tester, suitable for carrying out the chosen Procedure specified in clause 7. The tensile streze shall be applied in a direction perpendiguiar to the plane of the Coated substrate ang shall be increased at a substantiaily vniforen rate, not greater than 1 MPa/s*, such that failure of the test assembly occurs within 90 s. Suitable designs ‘for applying the tensile stress are shown in figures 1 end 2. 3.2 Test eylinders, suitable for use with the tensile tester (3.1), steel fared, of diameter 20mm {unless other. wise agretd) and of sufficient thickness to ensure freedom: {trom distortion during the test. I i recommended that the length of the test cylinder should be not less than half its diameter. The faces shall be machined perpendicular to the long axis of the eyfinder before use,298 IGURE 1 ~ Example ote witale tert apparatus for mathods specified in73.1 end 7.3.3 | 180 4624-1978 (E) i i ii 180 4524-1978 (E) FIGURE 2— Example of suitable et epparain for mathod specie in 7.32 299180 4826-1978 (E) 3.3. Cantting device, for ensuring proper coaxial alignment ‘of the test assembly during the adhesion process used at described in 7.3.1 and 7.3.2. A suitable design it show in figure 3. 34 Cutting device, such as 2 sharp Knife, for cutting ‘through cured adhesive and the paint coating to the substrate, round the circumference of the test eylinder, 4 ADHESIVES Soecial attention is required in selecting suitable adhesives to be used in the tert, To produce failure of the coating, itis essential that the ‘cohesive and bonding properties of the adhesive be greater than those of the coating under test fiminary screening of adhesives shall be carried out in order to determine their sultabitity for use. Suitable ‘adhesives end, if applicable, their unmixed components shall cause Hite oF no visible change in the coating under ‘est when left in contact with the costing for a period ‘equivalent to the curing time of the adhesive. ‘An adhesive may be corisidered suitable for a particular ‘coating if i sives the same test result at that produced by Using @ different class or type of adhetive when similarly tested, [NOTE ~ In mest cates, eyancacrylate, two-carponent solvents e0kide wud peroxide catalysed polyester schesve hav ban oud {wltable. Cyaooerlate and polyester adherves havea shor curing time and sre preterred for are with outing tha have bows sake Jncted to bighty humid cancttion. 5 SAMPLING Take 4 representative sample of the praduct to be tsteg {or of each product in the esse of a multicoat system) so specified in’ 1SO 1512. Then examine and prepere sample for testing as specified in ISO 1513. 6 TEST SUBSTRATES Preparation and coating of tart substrate Prepare. the specified test substi 180.1514 and then.caat it by the: Product or system under tert, fn accordance with specified method withthe, 82. Drying the tert coating Dry (or stove and age) the coated {ecified time and under the specified conditions and condition Wt at 232°C and (60+ §) % relative humisiny for a minimum of 24. Then carry out the appropriate "est procedure as soon at possible. 63 Thickness of costing Determine the thickness, in micrometres, of the dey eating by one of the procedures 3 In iSO 2808. See aise 300180 4624-1978 (E) ‘seems ee anew wn 9 so) eqn Boyes sg Jo e\tuNe ~C AUNOIS ——s 301 Wee) sec01d waroype 10) ‘pinue in yo usury yd GeyuegISO 4624-1978 (E) 7 PROCEDURE 7.1 Ambient conditions Corry out the test a1 2322°C and (5025) % relative humiaity.. 72 Adhesives Prepare and apply the adhesive in accordance with the ‘manufacturer's instructions. Use the minimum quantity of ‘adhesive required to produce a firm, continuous and even bond between the components of the test assembly, Remove any excess adhesive immediately if possible. 73. Test assemblies 7.3.1. Genero! method for testing both rigid and eformable substrates Use as the test piece an area, cut trom the coated substrate {aise of minimum diameter 30 mm oF square of minimum side 30 mm). Take care not to distort the test piece. Apply the adhesive evenly to the surfaces of two freshly-cleaned test cylinders (3.2) of equal diameter (see notes 1 and 3) Place the test piece between the adhesive-coated faces of the Test evlinders such that the test cylinders are coaxially: aligned in the centre of the piece, ar shown in figure 4 Align the test assembly in the centring device (3.3) and maintain the alignment for 2 period equal to the curing time of the adhesive (see note 2). At the end of this period, carefully use the cutting devies (3.4) to eut around the Circumference of the test eylinders through to the substrate. t |__ Testeyiindr contd swith shove “Tet cylinder conned vith eohesve| FIGURE 4 ~ Test enemy, sandwich method (aubrtats printed on one or both sce 8 interface may be improved by tigty abraing te furfece of the Ured coving Bolan peat ‘tion of ie adhesive-coned face of the test evindes 2, In specit ters under bighty humid conditions, the curing time ‘tthe whens shall be a short pele, 3 tn he mathe for deforma subavete. Ut # aor ehesive Bond |s exoncted between the uncowted face of the ubettte ane the tat ‘rlnder, coat bath fms of He subctrate wien he produc ones 7.3.2 Method for testing from one side only (saitable for ‘rigid substrates only) Apply the adhesive evenly to the uncoated, freshiy-cleaned, surface of 2 test cylinder (3.2), Place the adhesive-conted face of the test eylincer in contact with the coating, see ‘note 1 n 7.3.1), fora period equal to the curing time of the adhesive (see note 2 in 7.3.2). At the end of this period, Carefully use the cutting ‘device (3.4) to eut around the circumference of the tet eytinder thraugh to the substrate. Place the outer ring in pesition and test as indicated in figure 5, Teepe boyy eae with sdnasive| FIGURE 5 — Tart amambty for rigid subetrate int coating Costes rabtrate 7.3.3. Method using est eylinders Apply the adhesive evenly to the uncoated, frethiy-clesned surface of » test cylinder. Place the adhesivecoated surtsce ‘of ‘the test eylinder in contact with the surface of the evlinder coated with the produet tinder test, as shown in figure 6, and align the test assembly in the centring device (3.3) for a period equal to the curingitime of the adhesive. { Painted test evtindar Paint fm ‘Achesive [Test evlinder conte with adhenve v FIGURE 6.— Tart auembly using tet einer, 7.4 Measurement Immediately after the period allowed for the cuting ef the achesive, place the test essembly in the tensile tester (2.1), taking core to align the test eVlinders so that the te force is applied uniformly across the test area, without bending moment. Apply a taauile strest increesing ata ra net grester than 1 MPels, perpendicular to the plane of {the costed substrate such that failure of the test assembly ‘hall occur within $0 s of initial application of the stress, Fecord the tensile stress to break the test assembly and ‘examine the fracture surtaces in accordance with 9.2. ‘ 7.5 Number of determinations Garry ‘ut ot least three determinations, For referee Purposes, carry out a minimum of five determinations Report the resuts ofall determinations. 302 nce a ee EET REE@ NOTES ON PROCEDURE 18.1. The results may be influenced by the test assembly used. Furthermore, the results ae not reproducible unless ‘coaxial alignment of the tensile forces is ensured, 8.2 Whore failure is mainly associated with the adhesives, the use of ancther type of adhesive may enable more useful results to he obtained. 9 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS 9.4. Breaking strangth ‘The breaking strength, in megapascals, for each test «assembly Is given by the formula Ae xf here F isthe breaking force, in newtons; Inthe diameter, enilimeres, of the test eytinder. In the case of test cylinders of diameter 20 mmm, the break- ing strength, in megopascals is given by the formula 9.2 Nature of failure Express the result asthe percentage area and site of fracture in the system under test in tecms of adhesive, cohesive or sdoesivefcohesive failure, For convenience, the following scheme may be used to describe the results observed. A= Cohesive failure of substr 4 303 1$0 4624-1978 (&) re between substrate and first coat 8 = Cohesive fate of first coat . BIC = Adhesive falure berween frst and second coats IN = Adhesive failure beween tinal cost and adhesive Y = Cohesive eof adhes Yi2= Adhesive {allure betwawn adhesive and test cevlinder Mt a point system tested in the pulloff test at Reniile stress of 20 MPa and examination of the rea on each side of the site of separation reveals approx? mately 30% of the test eylinder area associated with ‘cohesive bresk of the first coat and 70% of the tert ‘eviinder area astociated with intercoat adhesive break bberween the first and second coats, the pull-off test result Us expressed a8 20MPa, 30%B, 70%B/C 10 TEST REPORT ‘The test report shall contain at least the following infor: mation : 4) the type and identification of the products) ested; 1 Standard or to a by a reference to this Internati ‘corresponding national standard; ©) the items of supplementary information referred 10 Jn the Introduction to this International Standard; ) & eaference to the national standard of other docu ‘ment supplying the information referred to in e) abe ) the result of the test, reported as required in 9.1 and 92 (together with any further details required by the document referred to in) aboved: 4) any deviation, by agreement oF otherwise, from the procedure spec 9) the date of the test,