‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ھﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﯿﮫ واﻟﻔﻨﯿﮫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺺ اﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺎت ‪ Plumbing‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎم ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﮫ وﻣﻔﮭﻮﻣﮫ اﻟﻰ اﺻﺤﺎب اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﻲ‪ ،‬اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‪،‬‬
‫واﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬي‪ .‬ﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻢ ذﻛﺮ اھﻢ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬

‫‪ Access doors -1‬ﺑﻮاﺑﺎت اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻻﻏﺮاض اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﮫ واﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ ﻣﮭﻤﮫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت واﺟﮭﺰه اﻟﻘﯿﺎس وﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 1‬وھﻲ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﺜﻼث ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﮫ ‪30‬ﺳﻢ‪45،‬ﺳﻢ‪،‬و ‪ 60‬ﺳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ : 1‬ﺑﻮاﺑﮫ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫‪ :Air- Break -2‬ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺧﺮوج اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺘﮭﻮﯾﮫ )‪ (vent‬ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮫ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﺪث‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﯿﺪة رواﺋﺢ ﻛﺮﯾﮭﺔ )‪ (gully trap‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﯿﺪه ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ .2‬ﻣﺼﯿﺪة رواﺋﺢ ﻛﺮﯾﮭﺔ ) ‪gully‬‬
‫‪ (trap‬ﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻢ ﺷﺮح اﻟﻨﻮع واﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Air-Break in floor sinks : 2‬‬

‫‪ Air Chamber -3‬ﻏﺮﻓﮫ اﻟﮭﻮاء‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻮﺟﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﻐﺮف اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء او ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﮫ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﻣﻄﺮﻗﮫ اﻟﻤﺎء ‪ water hammer arrestor‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.3‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ : 3‬ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﻣﻄﺮﻗﮫ اﻟﻤﺎء‬

‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻔﺠﻮة اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﮫ ‪ :Air Gap‬أ‪-‬ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﮫ اﻟﻤﺘﺮوﻛﮫ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ )ﻣﺜﻼ ﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺎء اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﻦ اﺟﮭﺰه اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ‪ 2 ،‬ﺳﻢ( و ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ‪ ،‬ب‪ -‬ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﮫ اﻟﻤﺘﺮوﻛﮫ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻨﻔﯿﺔ ‪ faucet‬و ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻐﺴﻠﮫ وﺗﻘﺪر ‪ 2‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺤﻨﻔﯿﮫ او ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﮫ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ : 4‬اﻟﻔﺠﻮة اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﮫ ‪Air Gap‬‬

‫‪Storm‬‬ ‫‪ : Area Drain -5‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮫ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮫ ﺷﺒﻜﮫ اﻻﻣﻄﺎر‬
‫‪ network‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.5‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ : 5‬ﻧﻤﺎذج ‪Area Drain‬‬

‫‪ Aspirator -6‬ﺷﻔﺎط‪ :‬ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺗﻨﺼﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ )اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ أو اﻟﻐﺎزي( ﯾﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺮ أﻧﺒﻮب ﯾﻀﯿﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﺤﺪد‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻀﯿﻖ اﻷﻧﺒﻮب‪ ،‬وﯾﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻊ‪،‬‬
‫وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺠﻮري ‪ ،‬ﯾﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺿﻐﻄﮫ‪ ،‬ﯾﺆﺧﺬ اﻟﻔﺮاغ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪6‬‬
‫‪ Aspirator‬ﺷﻔﺎط(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ Aspirator : 6‬ﺷﻔﺎط‬

‫‪ : Authority Having Jurisdiction and Adopting Agency -7‬ھﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﮫ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻮﻣﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪوﻟﮫ او ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﮫ ﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﮫ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺮوط اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﯿﮫ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﮫ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﮫ‪ .‬وھﻨﺎك ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ‪ Approved‬ﯾﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت ﺑﻌﺪ اﻋﻄﺎء ھﺬه اﻟﺴﻠﻄﮫ‬
‫ﺷﮭﺎدة ﺑﮭﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ھﻨﺎك ﺷﮭﺎدة اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ Third-Party Certified‬ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﺼﺎدﻗﮫ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺪﻗﯿﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺎﻧﻊ وﻧﻮﻋﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت واﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Automatic Flushing Device -8‬ھﻮ ﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿﮫ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺛﺎث‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻟﮭﺬا اﻻﺛﺎث‪.‬‬
‫‪ :Backflow Connection -9‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ رﺑﻂ ﻟﺠﺮﯾﺎن ﻋﻜﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :Backflow Preventer -10‬ﺟﮭﺎز ﻋﺪم رﺟﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻣﺜﻠﺘﮭﺎ ﺻﻤﺎم ﻋﺪم رﺟﻮع اﻟﻤﺰدوج‬
‫‪ double check valve‬وﻏﯿﺮه وﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.7‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ : 7‬ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪Backflow Preventer‬‬

‫‪ : Back Siphonage -11‬ھﻮ اﻻرﺟﺎع اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮫ وﺟﻮد ﺿﻐﻂ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻟﻠﺸﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﮫ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻏﯿﺮ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻟﻠﺸﺮب )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(8‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Back Siphonage :8‬‬

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‫‪ :Back Water Valve -12‬ﺻﻤﺎم ﯾﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري وﯾﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﺎن اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲ )ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫رﻗﻢ ‪.(9‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Back Water Valve :9‬‬

‫‪: Baptistery -13‬ﺣﻮض ﺻﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻤﻠﻮء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء ﻛﺎﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ اﺣﻮاض اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Bathroom Group -14‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺛﺎث اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ‪ fixtures‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم اﻟﻌﺎم ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ او ﺷﺮﻗﻲ )اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﮫ ﻣﺤﻠﯿﮫ( ‪ ، water closet‬واﺣﺪه او اﺛﻨﺎن ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ bathtub‬وﻣﻊ دش‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻐﺎﺳﻞ ‪ ، lavatories‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﻓﻘﮫ ﺑﺤﻮض اﺳﺘﺤﻤﺎم‬
‫‪ . Shower‬ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻣﺪاد ﺷﺒﻜﮫ ﻣﺎء وﺷﺒﻜﮫ ﻣﺠﺎري ﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻢ ﺷﺮﺣﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Battery of Fixture -15‬اي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﯿﻦ ﺻﺤﯿﮫ او اﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺼﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺠﺎري‬
‫اﻓﻘﻲ واﺣﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪. (10‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Battery of Fixture :10‬‬

‫‪ :Bedpan Steamer -16‬ھﻲ ﻣﺒﺎول ‪ urinals‬ﻟﮭﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﮫ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Boiler Blow off -17‬ﻣﺨﺮج ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺸﻮاﺋﺐ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(11‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :11‬ﻣﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻊ ‪Blow off‬‬

‫‪ : Boiler Blow off Tank -18‬ﺧﺰان ﯾﺼﻤﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﻼم اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻐﮫ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.11‬‬
‫‪ Branch -19‬ﺗﻔﺮع‪ :‬اي ﺗﻔﺮع ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪ ‪riser, stack or from main line‬‬
‫)ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(12‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ : 12‬ﺗﻔﺮع‬

‫‪ : Building -20‬ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪران وﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻘﻒ وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻦ او اﻟﻌﻤﻞ او‬
‫ﻻﻋﻤﺎل اﺧﺮى ﻣﺼﻨﻔﮫ‪ .‬وﺳﻮف ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك ﺟﺪول ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺧﺎص ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﺪد اﻻﺛﺎث‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﻲ وﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﮫ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻨﺎﯾﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮع اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺔ وﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ : Building Drain -21‬اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﮫ اﻻوطﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ‪lowest piping‬‬
‫‪ in a drainage system‬وﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻐﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﮭﻮﻟﮫ اﻣﻄﺎر او ﻣﻨﮭﻮﻟﮫ ﻣﺠﺎري او‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮط رﺋﯿﺴﯿﮫ ﺧﺎرﺟﯿﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 3‬ﻗﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ ﻛﺎﻗﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎرج ﺟﺪار اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺔ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫رﻗﻢ )‪.(13‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ : 13‬ﻧﻤﺎذج ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﺑﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬

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 ‫‪ : Building Drain/Sewer –Sanitary -22‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Building Drain/Sewer –Storm -23‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻻﻣﻄﺎر ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Building Subdrain -24‬ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ gravity‬ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮫ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﯿﮫ اﻟﻰ ‪) Sewer‬ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(14‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Building Subdrain : 14‬‬

‫‪ :Building Trap -25‬ھﻮ ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﯾﻨﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ ‪ Building Drain‬ﯾﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫دﺧﻮل اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻣﻦ ‪) Building Drain/Sewer‬ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(15‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Building Trap : 15‬‬

‫‪ : Cesspool -26‬ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺒﺰل او ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮫ اﻟﺴﻘﻲ او ﻣﻨﮭﻮﻻت‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﺳﺘﺨﺎدم اﻟﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺴﻞ او اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮﯾﮫ وﺗﺼﺮﯾﻔﮭﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪده)ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(16‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Cesspool sample : 16‬‬

‫‪ : Chemical Waste -27‬اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﮫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﺣﻤﺎض اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﮫ او ﻣﺎء اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﺂﻛﻠﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Code -28‬اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ھﺎم ﺟﺪا او ﺿﺮوري أو ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪه اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Combination Fixture -29‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮض ‪ sink‬ﻣﻊ ﺣﻮض ﻏﺴﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻼﺑﺲ‬
‫‪ laundry tray‬او ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﯿﻦ او ﺛﻼﺛﮫ ﻣﻦ ‪ sink‬ﻣﻊ ﺣﻮض ﻏﺴﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻼﺑﺲ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
‫‪.(17‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Combination Fixture : 17‬‬

‫‪ :Combination Waste and Vent System -30‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻣﺠﺎري وﺧﻂ‬

‫اﻟﺘﮭﻮﯾﮫ )اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ( وﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻢ ﺷﺮح اﻗﻄﺎر اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎري واﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ وﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﮫ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ ،(18‬ﻓﻘﻂ اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ ‪ floor and sink‬وﻣﻊ ﺧﻄﻮط‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ ﯾﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﮫ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Combination Waste and Vent System : 18‬‬

‫‪ :Conductor -31‬اﻧﺒﻮب ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻻﻣﻄﺎر ﻣﻦ ‪ Floor drain‬اﻟﻰ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ او‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮫ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ ‪) Free discharge‬ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(19‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Conductor : 19‬‬

‫‪ : Continuous Waste -32‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﻦ اﺛﻨﺎن او اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺛﺎث اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮطﮫ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﯿﺪه ﻣﺠﺎري وﺣﯿﺪه ‪) single trap‬ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(20‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Continuous Waste : 20‬‬

‫‪ : Cross Connection -33‬اي رﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻨﻈﺎم )ﻧﻤﻮذج‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(21‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Cross Connection : 21‬‬

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‫‪ : Day Care Center-Day Nursery -34‬ﺗﺴﮭﯿﻼت اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ وﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ اﻻطﻔﺎل ﺷﺮوط‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ 2‬اﻟﻰ ‪ 5‬ﺳﻨﻮات‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Dead End -35‬ﺳﺪاده ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻒ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﮫ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﻔﺮﻋﯿﮫ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(22‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Dead End-Cleanout plug or cap : 22‬‬

‫‪ : Domestic Sewage -36‬اﻟﻨﻔﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺎﺗﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Double Check Valve Assembly -37‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻤﺎم ﻋﺪم رﺟﻮع ﻋﺪد ‪2‬‬
‫وھﻮ ﺟﮭﺎز ﻋﺪم رﺟﻮع ﻗﯿﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﻏﻠﻖ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(23‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :23‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻤﺎم ﻋﺪم رﺟﻮع ﻋﺪد ‪2‬‬

‫‪ : Downspout -38‬او ﯾﺴﻤﻰ ‪ Leader‬ھﻮ اﻧﺒﻮب ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻣﻄﺎر ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ‬

‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج‪.‬‬
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‫‪ :Drainage-Sump -39‬ھﻮﺧﺰان ﺳﺎﺋﻞ وھﻮاء ﯾﺴﺘﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ﯾﻘﻊ اﺳﻔﻞ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﯿﮫ ﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﺎري وﯾﻔﺮغ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﮫ ﻣﻀﺨﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ : DWV -40‬ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ ‪ Drain-Waste-Vent‬وﺗﺸﺒﮫ ‪ SWV‬ﻛﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﻰ‬
‫‪. Soil-Waste-Vent‬‬
‫‪ : Effective Opening -41‬ﻣﻮﺿﺤﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.24‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :24‬اﻟﻔﺘﺤﮫ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻓﮭﻮه ﺣﻨﻔﯿﮫ ﻣﺎء‬

‫‪ : Fixture Branch of Drainage -42‬ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﯾﺨﺪم ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ اﺛﺎث واﺣﺪه او اﻛﺜﺮ‬

‫)ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ ،(25‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﮫ )‪ (DFU=Drain fixture units‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺮغ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻧﺒﻮب ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻓﻘﻲ ﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻮل ﻻﺣﻘﮫ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Fixture Branch of Drainage :25‬‬

‫‪ :Fixture Branch of Supply -43‬ﺗﻔﺮع ﺧﻂ ﻣﺎء ﯾﻐﺬي اﺛﺎث ﺻﺤﻲ واﺣﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
‫‪.(26‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Fixture Branch of Water Supply :26‬‬

‫‪ :Fixture Unit (Drainage- DFU) -44‬ﻋﺪد ﺣﻤﻞ اﻻﺛﺎث ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ﻗﯿﻤﮫ واﺣﺪه ﻣﻦ ‪ DFU‬ﯾﻌﺎدل ﻣﻌﺪل ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ ‪ Drainage flow rate‬ﻟﻘﺪم‬
‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﮫ او ﯾﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 7.5‬ﻏﻠﻮن‪/‬دﻗﯿﻘﮫ ﺧﻼل ‪.fixture outlet‬‬
‫‪ :Fixture Unit (Water Supply- WSFU) -45‬ﻋﺪد ﺣﻤﻞ اﻻﺛﺎث ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻐﺬﯾﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Flow Pressure -46‬اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻨﻔﯿﺔ ‪ Faucet‬او ‪ Water outlet‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎرج ھﺬه اﻟﻔﻮھﺎت ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ .‬ادﻧﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻮھﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﮫ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‬
‫‪ 1.03‬ﺑﺎر وﻣﺎء ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ –اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ واﻟﻤﺒﺎول ﻋﻨﺪ اﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 0.5‬اﻧﺞ ھﻮ ‪1.73‬‬
‫ﺑﺎر)ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(27‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :27‬ﻗﯿﺎس ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﺎن‬

‫‪ : Flush Valve -47‬ﺻﻤﺎم ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺎء ﻏﺮﺑﻲ‪ -‬ﺷﺮﻗﻲ او ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﮫ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
‫‪.(29-28‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Flush valve :28‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Flush valve as Flushometer Valve :29‬‬

‫‪ : Force Main FM -48‬اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎري واﻟﺬي ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺮﯾﺎن ﻓﯿﮫ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :Grade -49‬ھﻮ اﻧﺤﺪار اﻻﻧﺒﻮب ‪ fall slope‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻲ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(30‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Grade on a sloping gravity drain :30‬‬

‫‪ : Grease Interceptor -50‬اﻟﻤﺼﺪات اﻟﺪھﻨﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﮫ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮫ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻓﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺪھﻨﯿﮫ ‪ oily‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﺑﺦ او ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻄﻌﺎم )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(31‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Grease Recovery Device/ Interceptor :31‬‬

‫‪ :Grinder Pump -51‬ﻣﻀﺨﮫ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻄﺤﻦ اﻻﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﺼﻠﺒﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري‪.‬‬

‫‪ :Grease Trap -52‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﮫ اﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪Grease Recovery Device/ Interceptor‬‬
‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺰء او اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ دون اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ وﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺪھﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء‬
‫)ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(32‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Oil/waste interceptor /trap :32‬‬

‫} ‪HYPERLINK‬‬ ‫‪: Ground Water -53‬اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﯿﺔ ھﻲ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫‪\o‬‬

‫"{ وھﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض وﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫"اﻷرض‬

‫} ‪HYPERLINK‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﯿﻦ وھﻤﺎ‬

‫‪%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%‬‬

‫" ‪D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1" \o‬اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﺷﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎء "{ } ‪HYPERLINK‬‬

‫‪%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A8%‬‬
‫" ‪D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1" \o‬اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬

‫} ‪HYPERLINK‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎء "{‪.‬اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﺷﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫‪\o‬‬

‫"اﻷرض "{ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ وﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه واﻟﮭﻮاء وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺑﮭﺎ اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﺑﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻨﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ أي ﺑﺌﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻮر ﺑﮭﺎ‪،‬‬
‫وھﻲ طﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺴﻤﻚ وﯾﻘﻊ ﺗﺤﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ‪.‬اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ھﻲ طﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﯿﺎه وﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﻣﻤﻠﺆة ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء ن‬
‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺑﮭﺎ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﯿﺎه ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻨﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺌﺮ أو‬
‫اﻟﻌﯿﻮن‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض إﻟﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺮورھﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Half-Bath -54‬ﻏﺮﻓﮫ ﺣﻤﺎم ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ واﺣﺪ وﻣﻐﺴﻠﮫ واﺣﺪه ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Hangers -55‬ادوات رﺑﻂ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ واﻻﺛﺎث اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ : Health Hazard -56‬درﺟﺎت ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ ﺧﻄﻮره اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ واﻻﺑﻨﯿﮫ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ اﻧﻈﻤﮫ اﻟﻤﺎء‬
‫واﻟﻤﺠﺎري ھﻨﺎك اھﺘﻤﺎم ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻮف ﻣﻦ درﺟﮫ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث وﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﻏﻠﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Horizontal Pipe -57‬اي اﻧﺒﻮب ﻻ ﯾﺘﺠﺎوز ﻣﯿﻞ ‪ 45‬درﺟﮫ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(33‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :33‬اﻧﺒﻮب اﻓﻘﻲ‬

‫‪ : Hot Water -58‬ﻣﺎء ﺣﺎر ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻻﻏﺮاض ﻣﻌﯿﻨﮫ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Indirect Connection (Waste) -59‬ھﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ او ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎري او ﻣﺨﻠﻔﺎت اﺧﺮى ﺑﺘﺮك ﻓﺠﻮه ھﻮاﺋﯿﮫ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺤﺎﻟﮫ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻎ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﻦ اﺟﮭﺰه‬
‫اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻓﻲ ‪) floor sink‬ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 34‬ﻛﻨﻤﻮذج ( ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Indirect Connection (Waste) :34‬‬

‫‪ : Industrial Waste -60‬اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻨﮭﻮﻻت اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Invert -61‬اوطﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺒﻮب )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(35‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Invert of pipe :35‬‬

‫‪ : Leader -62‬ھﻮ اﻧﺒﻮب ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻻﻣﻄﺎر ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ ‪ conductor‬ھﻮ‬
‫اﻧﺒﻮب ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻻﻣﻄﺎر ﻣﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(36‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Leader :36‬‬

‫‪ : Load Factor -63‬ھﻮ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﮫ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﮫ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﯾﺎن ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪات اﻻﺛﺎث اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎري‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Medical Gas/Vacuum System -64‬اﻧﻈﻤﮫ ﺻﺤﯿﮫ طﺒﯿﮫ ﻟﮭﺎ ارﺗﺒﺎط وﺛﯿﻖ ﺑﻤﻔﺎھﯿﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ واﻟﻨﺼﺐ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪. NFPA99‬‬
‫‪ : Nominal Size -65‬ﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﺑﻮﺣﺪات اﻻﻧﺞ ‪. inch‬‬
‫‪ : Offset -66‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﯿﺎت )‪ (elbows-bents‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺮج اﻻﻧﺒﻮب ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺘﮫ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻮازي اﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻻﺧﺮى )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(37‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Offsets in pipes :37‬‬

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 ‫‪ : Pitch -67‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻔﮭﻮم ‪. Grade‬‬
‫‪ : Plenum -68‬ﺣﯿﺰ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺠﺮﯾﺎن او ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﮭﻮاء‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Pressure Balancing Valve -69‬ھﻮ ﺻﻤﺎم ﺧﻠﻂ ‪ mixing valve‬اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺤﺎر ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮد وﯾﻌﻄﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Public Toilet Room -70‬ھﻮ ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﺎم ﻛﺎﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺟﺪه ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﻮاق‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﺎرات‪ ،‬وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Receptor -71‬ﺟﮭﺎز ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﻮردرﯾﻦ ‪– floor drain‬اﻟﻔﻮر ﺳﻨﻚ ‪ floor sink‬ﯾﺴﺘﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﻣﻦ اﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ‪.indirect waste pipe‬‬
‫‪ : Rim -72‬ﻓﺘﺤﮫ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪. 38‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Rims :38‬‬

‫‪ : Riser-73‬ھﻮ اﻻﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﻟﺘﺠﮭﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﺎء ‪) water supply‬ﻧﻤﻮذج ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(39‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :39‬اﻧﺒﻮب ﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰ ﻣﺎء ﺻﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻔﺮﻋﺎﺗﮫ‬

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‫‪ : Roof Drain-74‬ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﯾﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻻﻣﻄﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻄﻮح وﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﻨﻘﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ‬
‫‪) leader/conductor‬ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(40‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :39‬ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻋﺎم ﻣﻦ ‪RD‬‬

‫‪ :Roughing-in-75‬وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺣﯿﺎن ‪ first-fix instilling‬وﯾﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬

‫ﺑﻜﺎﻓﮫ اﻻﻧﻮاع وﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﻨﺎد واﻟﺘﺜﺒﯿﺖ واﻟﻔﺤﺺ وﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ ﻧﺼﺐ اﻻﺛﺎث ‪. final fix‬‬

‫‪ : Sand filter -76‬ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻧﺼﺒﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻂ دﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺎء )ﻣﺎء اﻟﺨﺰان( ﻟﺘﺮﺷﯿﺦ اﻟﻤﺎد ﻏﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻏﻮب ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺮﻣﻞ واﻟﻐﺮوﯾﺪ وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(40‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Sand Filter :40‬‬

‫‪ : Sanitary Sewer-77‬ﻣﻨﮭﻮﻟﮫ ﺗﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ‪ sewage‬وﺗﺴﺘﺜﻨﻲ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻻﻣﻄﺎر واﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬

‫اﻟﺴﻄﯿﺤﮫ واﻟﺠﻮﻓﯿﮫ‪.‬‬

‫‪ :SDR -78‬ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ‪ Standard Dimension ratio‬وﺗﺴﺎوي ﻗﻄﺮ اﻻﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪ :Septic Tank -79‬ﺧﺰان اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ ﻋﻤﻮدﯾﮫ ‪ ،baffle‬اﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﺘﻠﻢ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ ﻟﺘﺴﺮﯾﺐ اﻻﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﺼﻠﺒﮫ وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 41‬ﻛﻨﻤﻮذج(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :41‬ﺧﺰان اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬

‫‪ : Sewage -80‬ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺨﻠﻔﺎت اﻻﻧﺴﺎن ‪ human waste‬واﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت واﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻀﺮوات واﻟﻔﻮاﻛﮫ او ﻣﺤﺎﻟﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﻜﮫ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Sewage Pump –Pneumatic/ejector Type -81‬ﻣﻀﺨﮫ دﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺿﺎﻏﻂ‬

‫ھﻮاﺋﻲ ‪/‬ﻏﻄﺎس‪/‬رﯾﺶ و ‪) lift sewage‬ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪. (42‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Sewage Pump :42‬‬

‫‪ mandatory term : Shall -82‬ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﺟﺒﺎري‪/‬اﻟﺰاﻣﻲ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ : Shock Arrestor-83‬ﺟﮭﺎز ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻲ ﯾﻤﺘﺺ ﺗﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﻟﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Short Term -84‬ﻓﺘﺮة ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز ‪ 30‬دﻗﯿﻘﮫ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Sink-85‬ﺣﻮض ﻏﺴﻞ ‪ ،clothes- scullery‬ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ طﺒﻲ‪ ،‬او ﺣﻮض ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Slip Joint-86‬ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ رﺑﻂ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ‪ tarp‬اﻟﻤﻐﺎﺳﻞ وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ وﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ واﺷﺮ وﻧﺖ ﻧﻮع‬
‫‪ compression‬ﻟﺴﮭﻮﻟﮫ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻈﯿﻒ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 43‬ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺿﯿﺢ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Slip Joint :43‬‬

‫‪ :Soil Pipe or Soil Stack -87‬اﻻﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﻤﻞ ‪ sewage‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Special Waste-88‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎري واﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت ﻣﻌﯿﻨﮫ ﻗﺒﻞ ان ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﺣﯿﻠﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻰ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﺠﺎري اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(44‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :44‬ﺧﺰان ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﮫ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري او اﻟﺘﺨﻔﯿﻒ ‪Dilution‬‬

‫‪ : Stack -89‬اﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻤﺠﺎري او اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ )ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(45‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Stack :45‬‬

‫‪ :Storm Sewer-90‬ﻣﻨﮭﻮﻟﮫ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻻﻣﻄﺎر واﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﯿﮫ واﻟﺒﺰل اﻟﺘﻜﺜﯿﻒ‪.‬‬

‫‪ :Subsoil drain -91‬ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﮫ واﻟﺠﻮﻓﯿﮫ واﻟﺘﺴﺮب واﻟﺒﺰل )اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺤﮫ‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮫ ﺿﻐﻆ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﮫ ﻛﻨﻤﻮذج ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.( 45‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Subsoil drain pipe :46‬‬

‫‪ : Suction Pipe-92‬اﻻﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﮫ واﻟﺬي ﯾﻜﻮن ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ‪negative‬‬
‫‪. pressure‬‬

‫‪ : Sump -93‬ﺧﺰان او ﺣﻔﺮه ﺗﺘﺴﻠﻢ ‪ waste liquid‬ﺗﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎذﺑﯿﮫ وﺗﻔﺮغ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻀﺨﮫ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Sump pump -94‬ﻣﻀﺨﮫ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ اﻟﻐﺎطﺴﮫ ﻓﻲ ‪) Sump‬ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(47‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :47‬ﻣﻀﺨﺎت ﻏﺎطﺴﮫ‬

‫‪ : Supports-95‬اﺟﮭﺰه وادوات ﻟﺘﺜﺒﯿﺖ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ واﻟﻤﻌﺪات واﻻﺛﺎث اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Swimming Pool -96‬ﺑﺮﻛﮫ ﺳﺒﺎﺣﮫ وھﻲ ﻋﺒﺎره ﻋﻦ ﺣﻮض او ﺧﺰان وﻟﮫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻨﯿﮫ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Tempered Water -97‬ﻣﺎء ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺣﺎر‪/‬ﺑﺎرد ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺛﺎث‬

‫اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪.‬‬
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‫‪ : Thermostatic Pressure/Control Valve -98‬ﺛﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎت ﺗﺤﺴﺲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻠﻤﺎء وﺗﺬﺑﺬﺑﮫ‬
‫واﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮه ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮاره‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Trap-99‬ﻣﻠﺤﻖ او ﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﺠﮭﺰ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ liquid seal‬ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻐﺎزات واﻟﮭﻮاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﺎن ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ واﻟﻤﻨﮭﻮﻻت اﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ اﻻﺛﺎث اﻟﺼﺤﻲ )ﻧﻤﻮذج ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(48‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ :48‬ﻣﺼﯿﺪه اﻟﺮواﺋﺢ ‪trap‬‬

‫‪ : Trap Arm-100‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﯿﺪه اﻟﻰ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(49‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Vent of trap :49‬‬

‫‪ : Trap Primer -101‬ﺟﮭﺎز اوﺗﻤﺎﺗﯿﻜﻲ وﻣﻊ ﻣﺰود ﺧﻂ ﻣﺎء ﯾﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻊ ‪) Trap‬ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪50‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﻨﻮذج(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Trap Primer :50‬‬

‫‪ : Trap Seal -101‬ﻣﻮﺿﺤﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.48‬‬

‫‪ : Vacuum-102‬اﻗﻞ ﺿﻐﻄﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي‪.‬‬

‫‪ Breaker : Vacuum Breaker /Pressure Type -103‬ﻗﺎطﻊ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻓﺮاﻏﻲ‪ ،‬ﯾﺸﺘﻐﻞ‬

‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺿﻐﻮط اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪) Static line pressure‬ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 51‬ﻛﻨﻤﻮذج(‪ .‬ھﻨﺎك اﻧﻮاع اﺧﺮى ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫‪، spill type‬وﻧﻮع اﺧﺮ ﯾﺴﻤﻰ ‪ relief vacuum‬ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ ﻓﻲ ‪Pressure vessel‬‬
‫)ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪. (52‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Vacuum Breaker :51‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Relief Vacuum :52‬‬

‫‪ : Vent , Branch-104‬اﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺠﻤﻊ اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺲ اﻻﺛﺎث اﻟﺼﺤﻲ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
‫‪.(53‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Branch Vent :53‬‬

‫‪ : Vent, side-105‬ﺧﻂ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻊ اﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻤﺠﺎري اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﺑﺰاوﯾﮫ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
‫‪ 45‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻻﻓﻖ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(54‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Side Vent :54‬‬

‫‪ : Vent, wet-106‬ﺧﻂ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎري واﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
‫‪ 55‬ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺿﯿﺢ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Wet Vent :55‬‬

‫‪ : Vent, yoke-107‬ﺧﻂ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي اﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﺎدل اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻦ ‪ stack‬وﯾﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺧﻂ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(56‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Yoke Vent :56‬‬

‫‪ : Wall Hung Water Closet-108‬ﺣﻤﺎم ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﯾﻨﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺪار )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(57‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Wall Hung Water Closet :57‬‬

‫‪ : Waste -109‬اﻟﻤﺎء واﻻوﺳﺎخ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري )ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻔﺎت اﻻﻧﺴﺎن واﻟﺤﯿﻮان(‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Water Distribution Piping-110‬ﺷﺒﻜﮫ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺎء داﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﮫ اﻟﻰ اﺧﺮى‬
‫)ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 58‬ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺿﯿﺢ(‪.‬‬

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 Water Distribution Piping :58 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬

.‫ اﻧﺒﻮب ﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎم‬: Water Main -111

Water ‫ ﻟﯿﺨﺪم‬،Water Main ‫ اﻧﺒﻮب ﯾﺘﻔﺮع ﻣﻦ‬: Water Service Pipe-112

.( 59 ‫ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬Distribution Piping

Water Distribution Piping :58 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Water Service Piping :59‬‬

‫‪ : Whirlpool bathtub-113‬اﺛﺎث ﺻﺤﻲ ﯾﺴﻤﻰ ﺣﻮض اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻤﺎم‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎﻧﯿﻮ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪.(60‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Whirlpool bathtub :60‬‬

‫‪ : Weir-114‬ھﻮ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﯿﺪه ‪ trap‬وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ واﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
‫‪ 61‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻔﮭﻮم اﻟﺤﺠﺰ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪Weir of Trap:61‬‬

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 : ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬

NPC 2009 -
IPC 2006 -

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