AS \Contemporary abour Law Vel 6 No 1 August 1996 No free ride : The agency shop in South Africa by Adolph Landman seca agrees have been 3 fate Jor tour readers in South Aes sce the oko of nino is coy ale mor than a century ago Mest of he steton has bss focused on the closed shop. The LRA of 1956, fo ‘stance, prove force shins 24()8) Ti stant didnt however make expres provision of hat ‘9peof unin scanty aang noon asthe sgoy shop" athoughacase ray bemadeoutthait was win the powers ofan ndustal aul reat an secs shop asa mater of mal ners, “Theapeny she vast be fou occasionally ance tmncory privat aston. Amalgamated Clothe land Textile Workers Union of South Afi + Veldspun (ty) Li (1854 15 TL) 16 (A) deat wath the ality of apr birt, The arbitrator, Prot Marin Brass, bund at vas ppropsttoeabish an agerey shop by way ofan abtratio award The ‘ear war up by the Apel Dison (ne of he recog futons of wins 0 egsge imcalletive bargaining. Anodes function of unoes tp asis in mazainag the employment relationship, This i primarily aceved by substtuingwmiform fetes have an cosa cet and sometimes 4 personal oxstasinthecaseafpcketorastike Tse feats are usualy only tome by union members. The nefits of callie targa arc usualy pased co IN 728289591 ta nomsnion members, ss National Union of Mineworkers ¥ Henry Gould (Py) Ltd and “Another (1948) 911] 11431) 1160, Unions hve been justifiably concemed about the nomanin member who cme lng, tis expressd "fora fie de" The agency shop i design elinioate ‘he foe der the workplace. The ence of te fier whopaysno ts and makes no carbon tng enoys Despair by ors fund inal aca of sca te ldo abouts ides tocome to an ond “The dour Relations Act 65 of 1008 expcily vs a shop asi does forthe sed tho; reads cos shop ce "The ced shop Inside. Pay for strikers? Aspects of payment in kind and pay ‘or public holidays daring sks, (Page 7) A miner's lohts to leave 2 (Page 9) Managing Eator Prt P AK Le Row Contributing Eater Andre van Nikere (Consulting Editor Pro-A A Landman Published by Gaia Brown & Associates "Bor 46.Rivoia 2128 Page 1Contemporary Laden Lay \omagnin-A supe omc sw Labour Rela At” 1995 CLLTI-1 Tnexploring the ebesof tho gnc shop willbe ingorao dtingsh eto sttuoryapiey shops and agency shops which may possibly be exablish under tec bu uF ‘urs, subat o de nein Censtetion, The Statutory Ageney Shop Wevillewplre de ance fanaa sop nda, but as 2 wv detonate shop may be scribd aa writen agraten conch htwcons representa ads unio an amples cme of whch he plover rqued fo ded an sod sageny fe fom the wages ofall its employees, ‘samp ely tse with cosets dct wh aie th agian a whoa member of he ion An agncy shop ses dhe igh of dy by mans of 2 speci typeof caleive agement Ths agreement tmst bon wring Ican ony Beene tween 4 ropresenative rade enon ad an employer employer’ organisation. A “rpreciative ade wooo” means a ested ade we, or ome repistred rae mons acting johns memes nea mario the employes employ (@) by anemployerina workplace: {) by the mambers of am employs” organisation ‘masecorandarea mrcspotof which fe ane The employer ay ass at he presets of the union ce unions be proven, Inmates he ade ‘ion woud ely cn is membership a ted by is ck off fciitis.Oltrwe would be ote to rode its books. The cn oul ny na alt asthsexscsemay demensate supp bt pone im membeship. The rons hal th ade usin uns be rpresotatv an nortan one UF te union or sone are wot epresematee the, alow ty may enc oa aleve agree Pporing tobe an ancy shop, dat apna il ft be an agscy shop agroome rapid by th ‘Act. Ie wil ot hae the free of watt oamised agency shop agree, ‘Sachanageonent wll a anion employee eth isan venta nde dsc ofs25, the collostveagreemr wuld hav had om binding eet mem of «23 the perl proven clang tote enocebiy of cluctneagresmess. {tisstmitd tata spc provision sade fr the ese shop isnot poise tow te gente ‘svtow ofthe LRA a Sree Ics submited that a coleciveagrsnent nti anit wih 25 cant nt over he Basic CCondtions of EmpioycAc of FOES er the Wage Act 0! 1957 which pois in general, dolor {fom ranueraon itt teen ofanenploee (Orda colkcive agement cold ovis Acistutissibmital arth powered tothe specal class of agency shop avers callie sprxment dbs ot comply wh 525 the ple ot Be catia oda thea fae and Ueto wal be a eadmac one The agement auborsed by the sate, eed a8 asso shopagienent questhcrplser to dod am aged agony from he wages of ts ployee ‘ho av iid ia he acon and oa no imonbesofthouad- union isi atan adn ‘queen ill beim bye Labour Relations Amendnet Act whch eat inl om The senranan employes ray he is passed nly inl bcc moms who arcligtefor mame fe resentative Lae uncer mions emaybe worth noting at pie that unions which av orseringetrngiatoan ay shop armen should ecanane he costtns. Is no una forhcconttn eon nents Ut any ember cs val on no Songer tga a Imsmber o€ Be union Ths stip els the ‘pest of gia: Those enon wh amy the arent provides ns contain tat ia member joins anther union eo she fr ‘nembershp ans evn if th won and an employ have an agency shop asc l e spl emposes whore mambots of ant une This 5 9 Beause the manbers of the ee in ‘not becom: 2 rein cgi fo mers a the union which is operating the agency shop. Depaeing onthe teanstancs iain sop may hve mosnpat at dhe woeplace Conteat of ngreement A any shop agrsreat dg in ems oft eA of 1995 ony iit macs the ruts ofthe ‘Actin ard to sda of asation, the wees fhe payment ino 9 spas ace nd te non sob of th ind fr pote pipes Obligation to deduct fees Anageey shop agree nc obvi prove a ablation onan spy o da‘Contemporary Labour Law fom te wage ofemplyees ho arena members of the ution of union pares a: decusted above. The canst of hace emples is ot quid The TERA of 1995 profes tat spite he povsons of syle contact nenply may dod he aged fagzney feo th wages of sn enployec without he employee's authorsaien (se 258) Te avs ‘sch would figure most promi are te Wage [Actof 1957, he Basi Condtone of Enpoyent Act ‘of 1983 and ealleive agreements concloded at Tagsinng ounce. This lve ad the enact of employment may profit dection witout the ‘unten onset of he employe concerned Freedom of association “The agrerent mut prove, even though his is gquaranted in the Inirim Constitution (and {Consttuscel Bil of 1996) hat employes who are ot member ofthe reprecattive vale ution ar ot ‘Compal obese mambo that trad nan In ‘ter words the eile reqs the parties to ‘nicl dssowa cl shy inthis arent The tnenten ofthis provision i okaly to make pla thatthe agreements an agency shop and oadasthe feed employes hat hey do 8 by vitro his ferent, become member of the union. Another ome eason or neh ts eonson nan eg=ey Shop agsiment i 0 avd fe iteration wich several USA Sate Couns give USA legen by Jing thatthe ageneyshp vas ttn oaclsed step. The agency fee ‘The aged agency fe (aged as between employer and won ably wie the eoncurenc of he otal employees) mst be equivalent oo ss than the amount ft subset paybleby be members ofthe epreetaivetradeunon Ithesubscrpion of the representative ade union is ealeuated as a pererage ofan employee's aay than feemay ot exceod da peceatage trade uno drs 4 sivesen betwen an itl ce exrance fe anda svbserpto fee. Agsncy Sp employers may not be reir to py an nal or etrance fee an amount capivlent oa iil renanes fe A tere are two or more repre trade ions ate purty totheagremt th ancy oe may ote xe {han thehighesameuntofe sbecrpion a would fspply to an employee” The determination of he pplcable svbeerpon rest oa he st of anal ‘helt. One is obliged to ak "which union could the employ ba od hal eo be wise 1 do so?" The agency Bs pay is mt 10 exceed the Val 6 Not August 1996 cpvalet of the fo of be un which could at ‘te crployer as amonber Payment to separate account “The aout docs b paid imo a sparte secon aan the repesetatve ade win, Fe would soem that a he cae woe the re mre tham oe mon whieh ae pry wo eae a ot ind ade separa aes ae envisage. Restriction on the use of funds Nopart ofthe amount doace may be- (pod to a plitia pary a an alia fe {i contd in cah or oa plea party or ‘pion sanding fr lent any political of foe; or (6) se for any expenditure at doesnot avarice or poet the oom exponents of empl Inf tony ee to wich he Radia agency fee account may be ued are forthe purpose of protecting or advancing te ssineconri ress ‘ot empoye, This vil ince ealetive basting tut has wide apltion and ray ich sich things as metal, finer a ether beefs. sons outlet the reroin he use of Fads swe of ay pound stance Tt dos weve ensure fat he food of asco inthe pica ‘onextisminsinadandectwhtsartedby anagency sop agement ‘The conscientious objector Aconsceou bjectormay quest the employes 0 ay theameurt ded rotat employes waaes {oa find adiisteredby te Department ef Labour “The concept ofa conscious objector has been Becssed 1995 CLL 1-17. Theres no bitation inthe LRA of 1995 cn hat ti Deparment ofLabout ‘ay do with hs as “The pronisions of sons 98 (ecouting andreas) 1060) and (at to rei infrmation tothe registrar) apply read wath tb dangesreuie bythe cote 0 the separate acco (ee $25(5). Any eson may nsec the sors report, nS fa at ‘elites to a separa account inthe repstrar ofce (exe = 2540). The estar mst provide a ceriiod ‘eoy obo entra fey, ft Soman refered toabove to any pon who ha pad the presi fees (62 52507) ‘Termination ofthe agency shop “The gine shop maybe emia the rade union cease o bea epeseutive wade union. Ths meansComtemporaiy Lsbous La that ithe membre ofthe trade unio othe conbinat membership of cxaliton fl blow Insontyofeploycs inthe workplace the agree agency shop wil be Lrminated by an employer o Composer’ erzanisaton tease mabe An employer or anployas organi tht als tha trade win mo longer # peso ts union tg he ade won won nate oF he lepton ad slo dtd non 0 ym, the date ofthe novice 0 establish tht itis « represented win, 1, wihin the 90d ped th trade aio aie esublsh tia presente ado nin. Bh employers ie the tad nin athe pone covered byte gene top acento ‘Femina ch ean It an ageney shop agreement is trminaed, ths Provisions of sbectons Xe) ad (and (3) appl Sale mney ie spre secon i a es 250 How doesa uae ion poet kit arepresai trade nin? Presa does ths th sme that di cold hase dans to show tha wae» representative nin fr ths pupa fering te the agonmentH wuld set Ut the on and loys pores may ancl heaps Spa lbymuta caso. Amor den ston wb the agency shop may be terminated by ae oF the ctacting por wily By giving sonable nosis? An ordinary cllstiveaprsmont ca be terminated by shan ranonnbe nec (a 824). Ievoud sem ats avenue is naval Beas special als ply ot mat eth teranalio ofthe agony shop agrcoment The grounds f termini cet hey do nn tion co reasonable ice Dispute about application Iespassible ta dpa may rte ast wheter bs mon is a repesentaine ane or at The ens of establishing ropresentivty ison the “union Represctiity mast fallen, be ead Sten 2 provides a mich fre Kishen ot dst abou theinepreatien and sppeatn” ot am agney shop agement. Ceuld 2 disput abet 1 ic 86 al wk the he pte about te aplcaton of te obey would een hs erpctton ‘nlite or calle agents aganey shop css malt prod fra roe tose ay ipa aot tpn apc imorpretation or aplication ofan aguncy shop agement py tothe dpm rhe pat in wating te the Commission for Mealaton, Cnciinton and Arbitration the CCMA 246) The py who fret spo toe CCMA rest satay stata copra be feral hsm send on a dace pri foe dpc (se #243). Te CCMA est atangt to esl the spute doigh onion (see # 240) (the depute roma reo ay pty 1 the pte ay ogo ht thedgptcbo ress cig abate ($246) Asansscspion oth roel eu psn bt by an abazatin ana about the werpretation ce sepa ay gpa ogi Ut avanti Latour Rights and obligations of affected Asta afc employes ae concer gh of daporal overt was et obras by the conclusion of an agrement betwesn the representative td nis and the employer o employers” organisation 10 wich her ployer bekngs Tolan, tna oy aan teslybecalled, patton epee and makes th wcovrable Bom he wages wich ve ruc o an acted employe. does tis gh themctansmofaspecaellsvcagrement wich isa specs of dg Iason Ss “Callove Aremente = Whi jc pgm ole fr et terganing egress” 1996 CLL 71 The aw ao alls breach of privy of oma which sts terwoun to aed clos and dhe employs, AS we have som the ag shop ‘ovoid other la which ve ben near 3 rt an cpley Fn dations om Anaictd plese wboklogeto aun which naka party the agency shop my Find a ho she te ogo o pay an agency fs ad ds ote whe ion Thm tnd ectage ti cmply en ing 4 mombve of doer wen ie ong ‘eecves tt bean esrb to pay double shor a8 ‘ce The mest fname gut afocted emploes caContemporary Labour Law Vol 6 Not Avgust 1996 ostinato tho provisions ofthe LRA of 1995 hich section the intad in is ber foam of sociaux posbly ven ior he ita propery ‘Thisaspeet explored in deal she scion alg ithe age shop under the commen I A sccnd question res tothe toe forcing the lsd hop wink conics ofthe LRA of 19 Anexiingemgloye would fit dificlto ds 38 the LRA expressly authorises or empowers the ‘useing partes fo peri the enpoyf deluct the agreed agency fee without the const of the employee. A now employee or applicant for enployentnay psyco lg actin under the resi unfair about pracico Presumably the ‘guna woaldbe tat the cmployer i seaming against te applicant by nesting on deducing an gee of by setisig employ such an appa ho nae in advance that he sho opposed 0 ‘he datos of an agency fe. at sch _anapplatin wil ssczal beaut the discrimination is impli autborseby he LRA oF 1995 ain ay cent hee provsen for consis bets. Aird question's whater an afoaed employe ny fallen the iil and continuing ality ofthe sgeneyshopon the pounds ht he rade onic pry ‘Sno wpresetatve wade uncn Te hist of ERA of 1995, a8 diacused under the heading of termina, sw entrant the employer pasty with the power of challenging represent Uneing is i tte assunpbon daritisthe employer who may wish 0 ‘abe woghoofa apmey shop Expzice nae ours hate shown dat employers my find the agen sop, as hey have found ie closed sop agreble propesiion. The employer may not put the represen oftheuien 1 th tenn where the ‘enplojer news or users tht he onl ae ‘Tis rings stack othe gusto, Maya afer employe change? An answer tha trent re way calng theagreemeit and that isis the Drivlege of the employer. This answer isnot Satisfactory one. The agency shop agreement is legate legisation ad if ican be sown that uma fe ts ineepion o contend exis is lective missing thon ts hghy angle at an inerese pry such as an ae employee may tallegsit CCo-exstence of closed shop and agency shop Gacy speaking there would te itl ccason for ‘ving lowed shop and an age shop eo esting atthe same workplace, However there is one cicurstance whee hs might be appabl, When a Clsal shop eablishal he existing elo who arent non members ae erp om th bigs, twbesome unonmenbers. The sane dispersion does ot apply as regarsan gene shop. Tis theo ‘tir pomisble to etal wl shop an at tesa ume inodice an agency shop con hoe cenployss who ae exenp fram becoming membre ofthe asd shop and wens inthis way at ey ‘make a conan to coletive basing The agency shop at common law under the constitution (staring eit ste epson aera rie wo the tation ofthe inti Costin. (Once tisha bar done we mus prozzed to onciet the impact which the Ine Constton asta ‘Be common win eaten agen shop. At commen law it would appear that an agen shop ‘woulberepandoasavalidconractteraen dl uron a enplner pres See Amalgamated Clothing and ‘Texte Workers Unio of South Aca v Veda (Po) Ltdabove Thejudgmenthowevereieaes hat there could be Special dicate wih nplemering a ‘ammeon law agency shop. The fra ily ‘buctotheobipation wchtheenploer woul nat {odd he speney feo the wage on employers Ifthe non-union employees volitary anset he daduton ther wl be ite ely Normally ths is aot what onus im practi. The employers biationtodeaicthefe mt eviews guns the protection acorda employes sganst ‘isteraldotuctons in gnc. Contemporary Labour Law | i pbtined monly from Auge to Sly | each year -AnowalSabsrpion TORE?S, | Tncudg VAT and strap binder Goin Brown ke Aasocintes cs “Te: 01) 65.1008 Fax: (11) 903-0986 opie held yh str part at pohtcis maybe epee yt ‘he perience of te prs Pages